Digital Marketing Tips and Strategies to Grow Your Business

Website Legal Compliance: What You’re Missing
When you launch a new site, it’s easy to obsess over visuals, page speed, and fancy features. Yet the part that can hurt most—financially and reputationally—is website legal compliance. From privacy regulations to accessibility standards and copyright concerns, missing the mark can lead to fines, lawsuits, and serious damage to your reputation.

In this article, we’ll break down the core legal areas every website owner needs to understand—and offer clear steps to help you stay protected and accountable.

The Importance of Website Legal Compliance

Website legal compliance refers to the set of laws and regulations that govern how websites must operate. This includes how personal data is collected, stored, and shared, how accessible your site is to users with disabilities, and how you handle intellectual property.

Staying aligned with today’s legal standards shows that your site is built with care and intention. It reflects a clear understanding of your users’ needs, the expectations of regulatory bodies, and the broader responsibility that comes with running an online business. In practice, legal compliance supports everything from user trust to operational stability.

The Rules Are Constantly Evolving

Unfortunately, keeping up with these responsibilities isn’t always straightforward. Legal standards on the web are constantly shifting—what’s acceptable today might fall short tomorrow. New laws roll out, existing ones evolve, and enforcement becomes more active.

Global data privacy regulations like the GDPR, state-level laws such as California’s CCPA and CPRA, and evolving accessibility standards like WCAG 2.2 introduce new layers of responsibility. These shifts—each with their own nuances and timelines—make it clear that staying compliant isn’t something you do once and forget.

It takes ongoing attention, flexibility, and collaboration across your digital team to keep everything aligned. Approaching compliance with intention—rather than waiting until something goes wrong—helps keep your site stable and your risk low.

Key Areas of Website Legal Compliance

As legal requirements continue to evolve, it helps to understand where your responsibilities fall. Legal compliance spans a wide range of areas—from how you handle user data to the specific regulations that apply to your industry. Breaking it down into manageable parts can make the process feel more focused and achievable.

Data Privacy & Protection

Data privacy is all about respecting and protecting the personal information people share when they visit your website—things like names, email addresses, IP addresses, and browsing activity. It gives individuals the right to understand how their data is used, and the ability to make informed choices about it. This includes having the power to access their information, correct it, or even ask for it to be deleted.

To support these rights, many countries have passed specific laws that set clear rules for how businesses must collect, handle, and share personal data. These laws apply even if your business is located in a different region, as long as you serve users in those areas. Key examples include:
- General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR): Governs data protection in the European Union. It applies to any business—no matter where it’s located—that collects or processes data from EU residents.
- California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA): Grants California residents the right to know what personal data is collected, request deletion, and opt out of data sales.
- California Online Privacy Protection Act (CalOPPA): Requires commercial websites and online services that collect personal data from California residents to post a clear privacy policy.
- Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act (PIPEDA): Canada’s primary privacy law for private-sector organizations, outlining rules for obtaining meaningful consent and handling personal information responsibly.
These laws are designed to protect users’ privacy, and they often apply based on where your users are—not where your business is. If your website serves visitors in these regions, you’re likely required to comply.

Where to Start

If you’re aiming to meet data privacy requirements, begin with a few foundational steps:
- Post a privacy policy that’s easy to understand and up to date.
- Use a cookie banner that explains what’s being collected and why.
- Allow users to access, correct, or delete their personal information.
- Confirm your third-party vendors handle data responsibly.
You may also need to address specific regulations, such as the Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA) if your site collects data from children, or the Federal Trade Commission Act (FTC) if your business operates in the U.S.

Accessibility

Your website should work for everyone—not just some visitors. Web accessibility means designing your site so that people with disabilities can use it without barriers. This includes individuals with vision, hearing, mobility, and cognitive differences. Making your website accessible isn’t just considerate—it’s often required by law.

Here are some of the key legal frameworks that shape web accessibility standards:
- Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA): A U.S. civil rights law that prohibits discrimination against people with disabilities. While the ADA doesn’t specifically name websites, courts have increasingly ruled that business websites—especially those tied to physical storefronts—must be accessible.
- Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act: Requires federal agencies and organizations receiving federal funding in the U.S. to ensure their websites and digital services are accessible to people with disabilities.
- Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act (AODA): A Canadian law that sets mandatory accessibility standards for public and private sector websites in Ontario.
- California’s Unruh Civil Rights Act: A state law that guarantees equal access to all business services, and has been used to support lawsuits demanding website accessibility.
All of these laws reinforce the same idea: digital spaces should be usable by everyone. And they’re pushing more businesses to treat accessibility as essential—not optional.

Meeting Technical Standards

Legal requirements are one side of the equation—making them work on your site is the other. Once you’ve wrapped your head around the laws, the next step is applying them in a way that actually works for your users and your team.

The most widely recognized framework for building accessible websites is provided by the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG). Aiming for WCAG 2.1 Level AA conformance is a strong, practical target. That includes steps like:
- Making your site usable with a keyboard
- Adding alt text to meaningful images
- Providing captions for video content
- Using clear structure and strong color contrast
Implementation: Turning Website Legal Compliance Into Culture

Run an Audit

Start by evaluating where you stand:
- Map how personal data flows through your site
- Check for accessibility barriers
- Review cookies, plugins, and integrations
- Document areas for improvement and assign owners
Audits give you clarity and a foundation for action.

Update Your Policies

Maintain clear, accessible documentation:
- Privacy Policy
- Cookie Policy
- Terms of Service
- Accessibility Statement
Avoid legal jargon. Update your policies annually or when regulations change. Place them in visible locations, like your website footer.

Train Your Team

Website legal compliance isn’t a solo task. Everyone on your team plays a role:
- Developers ensure systems protect data
- Designers build with accessibility in mind
- Marketers follow consent rules and maintain transparency
Create a shared checklist and offer periodic training to keep everyone aligned.

Maintain Ongoing Vigilance
- Schedule quarterly audits
- Monitor legal updates from reliable sources
- Log and address user complaints promptly
- Track progress on accessibility improvements
This approach transforms compliance from a one-time task into an ongoing priority.

Feature an Accessibility Statement

A good accessibility statement provides:
- Your current conformance level (e.g., WCAG 2.1 AA)
- A summary of known issues and planned improvements
- Contact information for feedback
Publishing a statement makes your efforts visible and invites accountability.

Future-Proof Your Website

Website legal compliance doesn’t happen all at once. It’s woven into how you build, update, and maintain your site over time. From protecting data to improving accessibility, every improvement you make is part of a broader commitment—to your users, to your business, and to doing things right.

There’s no shortcut, and that’s okay. The point isn’t perfection—it’s consistency. Staying informed, making thoughtful updates, and involving your team means you’re building a foundation that can grow with your business, not against it.

If you’re unsure where to start or need help making sense of it all, 216digital is here. Let’s talk through your next steps in a quick ADA briefing—no pressure, just practical guidance to help you move forward with clarity.
Greg McNeil

May 22, 2025

Legal Compliance

Accessibility, ADA Website Compliance, data privacy, GDPR, Legal compliance, Web Accessibility
Ease Into Motion: Smarter Animation Accessibility
Imagine clicking into a website and being hit with swirling graphics, sliding panels, or a bouncing button that just won’t stop. For many people, that kind of animation isn’t just annoying—it’s physically harmful. Dizziness. Nausea. Migraines. Disorientation. For users with motion sensitivity, these effects are all too common.

As developers, we love using motion to make our interfaces feel alive. But when it comes to animation accessibility, we need to be just as thoughtful about who we’re designing for. Great UI isn’t just beautiful—it’s inclusive. And making motion safer doesn’t mean removing it altogether. It just means giving people control.

This guide breaks down what you need to know about motion sensitivity, how to comply with the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG), and how to build user-friendly animation for your projects using CSS, JavaScript, and real-world techniques.

Who’s Affected by Motion—and Why It Matters

Motion sensitivity happens when animations or transitions trigger unpleasant physical reactions. This might include nausea, vertigo, blurry vision, headaches, or even migraines. It’s especially common for people with:
- Vestibular disorders
- Autism spectrum disorder
- ADHD
- Epilepsy
In fact, over 35% of adults experience some kind of vestibular dysfunction by age 40. That’s not a small edge case—it’s a significant part of your user base.

The Trouble With Flashing and Distractions

Animations can also cause cognitive overload. Users with ADHD or processing differences may find it hard to stay focused when elements are constantly moving. Looping carousels or animated background transitions can pull attention away from the main content or calls to action.

And then there’s photosensitive epilepsy. About 3% of people with epilepsy can have seizures triggered by flashing lights—especially red-on-black or high-contrast flickers. That’s why WCAG has strict guidelines around flash frequency.

WCAG and Animation Accessibility: What to Follow

Before diving into the specifics, it’s important to understand that these aren’t arbitrary rules—they exist to protect people. Animation accessibility is a fundamental part of inclusive design, and these guidelines offer a framework that helps you avoid unintentional harm.

Key Guidelines
- 2.2.2 – Pause, Stop, Hide: Any moving content that starts automatically must have a clear way to pause or hide it, unless the motion is essential.
- 2.3.1 – Three Flashes or Below Threshold: Avoid flashing more than 3 times per second.
- 2.3.3 – Animation from Interactions: If your animation happens because someone clicked, scrolled, or hovered—it still needs to be safe and optional.
How to Apply These Guidelines
- Don’t loop animations forever.
- Offer controls to pause or stop motion.
- Never rely on animation alone to convey important info—back it up with text or icons.
Animation accessibility is about making sure motion adds value without harm.

Using CSS to Respect Motion Preferences

What Is @prefers-reduced-motion?

This media query checks whether a user has asked for less motion in their operating system:
```
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  * {
    animation: none !important;
    transition: none !important;
  }
}
```
If users toggle Reduce motion in macOS, iOS, Windows, Android, or Linux, they’ll instantly get a calmer experience.

Design Strategies
- Remove parallax scroll and large translations.
- Swap animated GIFs with a static frame or CSS background-image.
- Tone down fades and slides—transitions shorter than 250 ms are usually fine.
- Provide fallbacks that still communicate state changes (e.g., use color or underline instead of a shake animation to signal “invalid input”).
Giving Users Control With JavaScript

Even if someone’s system doesn’t request reduced motion, they should still have a choice. Here’s a simple example:
```
<button id="toggle-motion">Toggle motion</button>
<script>
  document.getElementById('toggle-motion').addEventListener('click', () => {
    document.body.classList.toggle('reduce-motion');
    localStorage.setItem('reduceMotion', document.body.classList.contains('reduce-motion'));
  });
  // Persist preference between visits
  if (localStorage.getItem('reduceMotion') === 'true') {
    document.body.classList.add('reduce-motion');
  }
</script>
```
Then, in your CSS:
```
.reduce-motion * {
  animation: none !important;
  transition: none !important;
}
```
Let users decide what works for them. Animation accessibility is about empowerment.

Pause on Hover or Interaction

You can also pause motion when someone hovers or focuses:
```
@keyframes spin { to { transform: rotate(360deg); } }
.loader {
  animation: spin 1.5s linear infinite;
}
.loader:hover,
.loader:focus-visible {
  animation-play-state: paused;
}
```
This small touch gives users breathing room without turning off design completely.

Progressive Enhancement: Accessibility First

Start safe, layer on flair. Treat the reduced‑motion version as the baseline and add richer animation only if the user hasn’t opted out. This progressive‑enhancement approach prevents regressions—future devs won’t accidentally forget animation accessibility because the “accessible” state is the default.
```
/* Base styles: minimal motion */
.button {
  transition: background-color 150ms ease-in;
}
/* Only animate if motion is OK */
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference) {
  .button:hover {
    transform: translateY(-2px);
  }
}
```
You can combine media features to catch multiple needs:
```
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) and (prefers-contrast: high) {
  /* Ultra-accessible styles */
}
```
Performance & UX Benefits of Reducing Motion
- Battery & CPU savings on low‑power devices (less layout thrashing, fewer GPU layers).
- A cleaner interface helps all users focus on content and calls to action.
- Lower cognitive load means faster task success—key in e‑commerce checkouts or complex forms.
When stakeholders balk at “turning off the fun stuff,” show how reduced motion often speeds up perceived performance and increases conversions.

Testing for Motion Accessibility

You don’t need to eliminate all animation—you just need to know when and where it matters.

Use Tools Like:
- PEAT (Photosensitive Epilepsy Analysis Tool): Checks flash frequency and contrast against seizure‑safe limits.
- WAVE: Flags continuous animations and missing pause controls.
- Google Lighthouse: Includes audits for @prefers-reduced-motion.
- Manual Device Testing: Turn on Reduce motion in the OS and navigate your site—does anything still move?
Combine automated scans with human walkthroughs—especially for pages heavy on micro‑interactions. Ask testers with vestibular or cognitive disabilities for feedback if possible.

Responsible Animation Is Good UX

Animation accessibility isn’t about banning creativity. It’s about respecting user choice, following WCAG, and providing explicit opt‑ins or opt‑outs. When you honor @prefers-reduced-motion, add site‑level toggles, and keep flashes below seizure thresholds, you deliver the best of both worlds: engaging motion for those who love it and a calm, usable experience for those who don’t.

Need a quick check on your motion strategy—or a deep dive into ADA compliance across your entire front end? Schedule a personalized accessibility briefing with the team at 216digital. We’ll help you uncover hidden risks, refine your animation patterns, and build inclusive experiences that look amazing and feel great for everyone.

Let’s create motion that moves people—in the right way.
Greg McNeil

May 21, 2025

How-to Guides, WCAG Compliance

Accessibility, animation, How-to, motion, WCAG, Web Accessibility
Color Contrast That Pops: Accessibility in Every Shade
Color is one of the most powerful tools in a designer’s toolkit—but without the right contrast, even the most beautiful interface can become unreadable. For users with low vision or color blindness, low contrast isn’t just inconvenient—it can make content completely inaccessible. And while most developers know the basics of accessible design, color contrast often slips through the cracks when brand guidelines or fast-moving deadlines take over.

This article isn’t a beginner’s primer—it’s a hands-on guide for developers who already know what WCAG is but want smarter, more practical ways to apply color contrast in real projects. From testing tools to design techniques to working with brand colors, we’ll cover how to create experiences that look sharp, function well, and work for everyone.

Understanding Color Perception and Its Impact on Accessibility

To build truly inclusive designs, it helps to understand how users perceive color in the first place. The human eye detects color based on hue (the type of color), saturation (how strong it appears), and lightness (how bright or dark it is). This is where the HSL (Hue, Saturation, Lightness) model becomes useful—it mirrors how people actually experience color and helps designers assess contrast more accurately.

Now, pair that with accessibility data. Around 300 million people worldwide live with color blindness, and another 253 million have low vision. That’s not a small edge case—it’s a significant portion of your audience. For these users, poor color contrast can turn buttons, labels, and links into frustrating puzzles. A green button on a gray background might seem fine to a fully sighted user, but it can disappear entirely for someone with red-green color deficiency.

By considering how color vision deficiencies affect perception, developers can make smarter choices—ones that improve usability for everyone without drastically changing their design.

WCAG Guidelines on Color Contrast

To guide these decisions, the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) lay out specific requirements. For Level AA compliance, normal text must have a color contrast ratio of at least 4.5:1. Large text—defined as 18pt or 14pt bold—can meet a slightly lower bar of 3:1. If you’re aiming for AAA (which is more stringent), the numbers jump to 7:1 and 4.5:1, respectively.

But contrast isn’t just about text. It also applies to non-text elements like icons, buttons, graphs, and interactive controls. These need to be distinguishable too, especially for users navigating with limited vision or screen magnifiers.

That said, not everything falls under these rules. Logos and purely decorative graphics are exempt. This makes room for brand expression, but it also challenges teams to strike the right balance: How do you honor brand colors without sacrificing clarity? The good news is that small adjustments can go a long way.

Tools and Techniques for Evaluating Color Contrast

So how do you check if your contrast choices meet the mark? Fortunately, there’s a wide range of tools designed to make this easy—no guesswork required.

Online contrast checkers are a great place to start:
- WebAIM Contrast Checker is fast and simple—just plug in your colors and get a pass/fail result.
- TPGi’s Colour Contrast Analyser lets you test live screen elements with an eyedropper tool.
- Coolors Contrast Checker is especially helpful when working within a palette—it gives instant feedback as you test combinations.
To take your testing further, browser extensions can simulate what your site looks like to users with different types of color blindness:
- Colorblindly and Dalton show you how your design holds up for users with vision deficiencies.
- Color Enhancer for Chrome allows you to customize and tweak colors directly in the browser.
For those who prefer working within browser developer tools, Chrome DevTools offers built-in accessibility checks. You can inspect elements, see real-time color contrast ratios, and even simulate vision impairments. Pair that with media queries like @prefers-color-scheme or @prefers-contrast, and you’ll be ready to serve more inclusive experiences automatically—based on a user’s own system settings.

Best Practices for Implementing Accessible Color Contrast

Once you’ve got the right tools, the next step is applying best practices to your design and development process.

Start by designing with accessibility in mind from the beginning. Don’t rely on color alone to convey meaning. Pair colors with icons, patterns, or text labels—so if a user can’t see the red “error” outline, they can still read the “required field” message.

Next, build testing into your workflow. Just like you check for responsive breakpoints or load time, checking for color contrast should be routine. Use automated tests, then follow up with human feedback to catch edge cases tools might miss.

Also, remember to document your choices. A clear, shared record of approved color combinations and contrast ratios will help your team stay consistent across projects. Whether it’s a design system in Figma or internal guidelines in Notion, this documentation keeps accessibility top of mind for everyone involved.

The Role of Browser Extensions in User Accessibility

While developers work hard to build accessible designs, many users also rely on their own tools to improve visibility. Browser extensions like Colorblindly and Dalton allow users to adjust or simulate colors in a way that meets their personal needs.

It’s important to remember that just because users can adjust colors, doesn’t mean developers shouldn’t strive for accessible defaults. By ensuring strong color contrast from the start, you make life easier for everyone—and reduce the need for users to rely on workarounds.

Plus, by understanding how these tools work, developers can better anticipate what users experience and design with greater empathy.

Balancing Brand Identity with Accessibility

Now comes the tough part—color contrast often butts heads with brand design. Changing a brand’s color palette can feel like touching sacred ground. But here’s the thing: contrast issues can usually be fixed with minor adjustments.

Sometimes it’s as easy as tweaking brightness or adding a subtle border. Instead of throwing out your palette, consider enhancing it. You might slightly darken a background color, lighten the text, or add supporting visuals that boost readability. Your core colors stay intact—just optimized for accessibility.

And don’t worry—accessibility lawsuits are rarely about brand color alone. They’re about whether people can actually use your site. Keeping that goal in focus will help guide the right compromises.

Final Shades of Wisdom

At its core, color contrast is about communication. It makes your message easier to read, your interface easier to use, and your site more welcoming to everyone—regardless of how they see the world.

With a solid grasp of the WCAG guidelines, the right tools in your toolkit, and smart design strategies, it’s entirely possible to meet accessibility goals without sacrificing visual style. Make contrast checks part of your process, revisit your palette with intention, and bring your team along with documentation and testing habits.

And if you’re not sure where to start or want a second opinion, schedule a quick ADA compliance briefing with 216digital. We’ll help you uncover any color contrast issues hiding in plain sight—and map out a path toward a more inclusive, accessible web.
Greg McNeil

May 20, 2025

How-to Guides, WCAG Compliance

Accessibility, color contrast, WCAG, WCAG 2.1, WCAG Compliance, WCAG conformance, Web Accessibility
Mobile Form Accessibility: Don’t Leave Users Behind
Think about how often you reach for your phone during the day—checking messages, ordering lunch, paying bills, or dashing through a quick form. Now picture each tap, swipe, and pinch becoming a chore because the form wasn’t built with you in mind.Unfortunately, that’s exactly what happens when mobile form accessibility is overlooked for users who rely on screen readers. A few missteps can turn routine tasks into roadblocks. Fixing those gaps keeps everyone’s day moving smoothly—and yes, it makes your product look a whole lot better, too.

As developers, we’re in a sweet spot to clear those hurdles. Instead of ticking boxes on an accessibility checklist, let’s swap ideas and code snippets that make forms genuinely easy to use. Think of this guide as one dev handing a helpful note to another—no lecture, just practical tips that work in the real world.

The Real Challenge of Mobile Accessibility

Roughly 90 percent of screen-reader users browse the web primarily on phones. Yet mobile form accessibility still slips past many reviews. Small oversights—poorly labeled fields, keyboards that bury inputs—can shut people out of shopping carts or log-in screens. Sure, standards like WCAG 2.2 and the European Accessibility Act (EAA) are important, but the endgame is simpler: make everyday online chores painless for everyone.

Common Barriers with Mobile Form Accessibility

So, what trips us up when we build (or tune-up) a mobile form? Here are the heavy hitters that screen-reader users run into—and how to dodge them.

Invisible Text Fields

Fields can look fine on the surface yet be missing their behind-the-scenes links. When labels and inputs aren’t wired together in code, a screen reader can’t announce them—and the user can’t fill them out.

Quick fix:
```
<label for="email">Email Address</label>
<input type="email" id="email" name="email">
```
Skip placeholder-only labels or fancy <div> stand-ins. Semantic HTML or precise ARIA labels keep everything on the radar.

Keyboard Blocking Form Fields

We’ve all watched the on-screen keyboard sail up and hide half the page. For screen-reader users, that’s a full stop.

A simple JavaScript nudge:
```
window.addEventListener('resize', () => {
  document.activeElement.scrollIntoView({ behavior: 'smooth' });
});
```
Let the layout flex so active inputs stay visible, and avoid fixed-position elements that trap content under the keyboard.

Unexpected Focus Shifts

Nothing’s more disorienting than the cursor jumping to a random field—or disappearing altogether—mid-form. Auto-focus tricks or live-updating content can make matters worse.

Rules of thumb:
- Only auto-focus when it truly helps.
- Deep dynamic changes to a minimum while someone is typing.
- Always leave users sure of their spot in the form.
Practical Steps to Improve Mobile Form Accessibility

Now that we’ve walked through the most common pitfalls, let’s talk solutions. Fixing mobile form accessibility doesn’t always mean starting from scratch—small, thoughtful adjustments can make a big difference. The goal here isn’t perfection on paper; it’s creating an experience that works reliably for real people on real devices. Below are key practices that help bring your forms up to speed.

Proper Labeling Is Crucial

Each form field should have a clear, programmatic label. Screen readers depend on these labels to describe inputs accurately. Relying solely on visual styling or placeholder text often leads to confusion or missed information. Whenever possible, use semantic HTML elements like <label> to ensure clarity and consistency.

Design with Keyboard Visibility in Mind

If the keyboard hides your input field, you’re forcing users to guess where they are. This isn’t just frustrating—it can stop someone from completing the form entirely. Design responsively to account for different screen sizes and input methods. Test with your device’s keyboard visible and active. Elements should remain fully accessible without awkward scrolling or zooming.

Maintain a Logical Navigation Order

Users often navigate mobile forms using swipe gestures or the Tab key with external keyboards. If your form jumps from field to field out of order—or skips elements entirely—you’ve just introduced an unnecessary obstacle. Use logical DOM ordering and avoid layout tricks that confuse the natural tab order.

Use Semantic HTML First, ARIA Thoughtfully

Native HTML elements offer built-in accessibility that ARIA can’t always replicate. For example, a standard <button> is more robust and predictable than a <div> with role= "button". Reach for ARIA only when native elements fall short, and always test thoroughly to ensure you’re enhancing, not complicating, the experience.

Real-Device Testing Is Essential

It’s tempting to rely on automated audits or browser tools alone, but they can’t catch everything. Use screen readers like VoiceOver (iOS) or TalkBack (Android) on physical devices to experience your form the way your users do. Listen closely—do labels get announced properly? Does focus land where it should? Manual testing reveals the gaps no automated tool can catch.

Don’t Forget About Error Messaging

Accessible forms don’t just help users fill in the blanks—they help users recover from mistakes. Validation errors should be announced clearly and immediately after the user interacts with a field. Use ARIA live regions or focus management to draw attention to problems, and provide guidance that’s easy to understand and act on.

Support Multiple Interaction Modes

Not everyone uses a touchscreen the same way. Some rely on voice control, others on external keyboards or assistive switch devices. Design and test with multiple interaction styles in mind. What works great with a finger tap might break down when using voice commands or swiping with a screen reader.

Taken together, these practices do more than check boxes—they create forms that feel intuitive, responsive, and respectful to all users. And as accessibility standards continue to evolve, these foundational steps help future-proof your code while building trust with your audience.

Building Mobile Form Accessibility Into Your Workflow

As developers, we have a real opportunity to do something meaningful. We can move past the minimum and start building digital experiences that work for everyone, not just the majority. It doesn’t require magic—just intention, testing, and a willingness to see the interface through someone else’s eyes.

If you’re serious about creating mobile forms that aren’t just technically compliant but actually usable for every user, it’s time to dig deeper. Start testing, keep learning, and if you want an experienced partner to help guide the process, schedule an ADA briefing with 216digital. We’re here to support your journey toward smarter, kinder, and more inclusive design—one tap at a time.
Greg McNeil

May 16, 2025

How-to Guides

Accessibility, accessible forms, forms, How-to, mobile accessibility, Web Accessibility, Website Accessibility

Is Manual Accessibility Testing Worth the Time?

Deadlines move fast. Automated accessibility tools promise faster. It’s no surprise many dev teams lean on them—especially when stakeholders are asking, “Are we compliant yet?” Tools like WAVE and Lighthouse give quick answers, clean reports, and a reassuring sense of progress.

But here’s the part too many teams miss: automated testing only tells part of the story. The code might check out, but what about the actual experience? Can someone using a screen reader complete a purchase? Can a keyboard user navigate a modal without getting stuck? These are the kinds of issues that don’t show up in automated scans—but absolutely show up in real life.

If your goal is to build a product that’s not just technically compliant, but genuinely usable and defensible, manual accessibility testing needs to be part of the process. It’s the only way to uncover what automation can’t: nuance, clarity, and usability in the real world.

In this article, we’ll unpack the value of manual testing, where automated tools fall short, and how a smart hybrid approach gives you better results—and better protection.

What Is Manual Accessibility Testing?

Manual accessibility testing is the hands-on process of evaluating a digital product’s usability for people with disabilities—without relying solely on software. This might include:

Navigating with only a keyboard
Using a screen reader like NVDA, JAWS, or VoiceOver
Checking for color contrast by eye
Reviewing focus states and logical tab order
Testing real-world use cases (like filling out a form or completing a checkout process)

The goal is to simulate the experience of actual users with assistive technologies and identify barriers beyond code compliance.

The Appeal (and Limits) of Automated Testing

Automated accessibility tools like Lighthouse and WAVE have transformed developers’ identification of issues. They quickly scan code for missing alt text, incorrect ARIA roles, form labeling issues, and other violations of the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG).

Automated testing is fast and repeatable. It’s ideal for:

Initial scans during development
Catching basic syntax errors
Setting up CI/CD integration for ongoing testing
Flagging regressions after code updates

But here’s the catch: automation can only detect around 25-35% of accessibility issues. The rest requires human judgment.

What Automated Tools Can’t Catch

Despite their efficiency, automated tools lack the context and empathy of human testing. Here’s what they consistently miss:

Keyboard Trap Detection: Tools may confirm that an element is focusable, but they won’t always detect when users get stuck in modal dialogs or custom components without a proper way to escape.
Screen Reader Usability: Only a human can determine if the screen reader output is logical, coherent, and meaningful in context. Just because a screen reader reads something doesn’t mean it makes sense to the user.
Visual Focus Indicators: Automated checkers might verify the presence of a focus style, but they can’t confirm if it’s visible or intuitive in a real-world interface.
Form Instructions and Error Messages: Does the screen reader clearly announce the error? Are instructions available before a user makes a mistake? Automation doesn’t evaluate the usability of the experience.
Color Contrast in Context: A contrast checker might say a color combination passes WCAG, but it doesn’t judge readability in real UI conditions (like against busy background images or gradients).
Meaningful Link Text: Tools can flag vague text like “click here,” but they don’t understand if a link in a sentence conveys context when read out of order.
Cognitive Load and Ease of Use: Only a human can evaluate whether a layout or interaction is intuitive for users with cognitive disabilities or limited dexterity.

In short, automation checks the code; manual accessibility testing checks the experience.

Why a Hybrid Approach Works Best

The smartest accessibility strategies combine the speed of automation with the nuance of manual testing. Here’s how they complement each other:

Task	Best Method	Why
Catch missing alt attributes	Automated	Fast and reliable for simple HTML validation
Ensure meaningful alt descriptions	Manual	Context is required for accuracy
Validate keyboard navigation	Manual	Humans can detect trap states, confusing order
Check color contrast ratios	Automated	Useful for quick scanning
Judge visual clarity of focus states	Manual	Only human vision can determine visibility
Spot WCAG syntax violations	Automated	Efficient, especially with CI/CD tools
Confirm screen reader compatibility	Manual	Required for usability assurance
Test form completion and feedback	Manual	Critical for real-world workflows

This hybrid approach is not only more accurate—it’s also more defensible in legal contexts. Suppose you’re remediating a site for ADA compliance or preparing for WCAG conformance claims. In that case, you need evidence that your digital experience has been tested by real users or testers simulating those users.

Real-World Example: Checkout Accessibility

Let’s say you’re working on an e-commerce site. An automated test might scan your cart and checkout pages and report:

100% form elements are labeled
Contrast ratios are within limits
No ARIA roles are missing

Looks good.

But a manual tester might uncover:

The shipping address form doesn’t announce errors with a screen reader
The “Apply Coupon” button can’t be reached with the keyboard alone
The payment section’s field focus jumps around unexpectedly
The screen reader reads the price table in a confusing order

These are real barriers that impact sales—and wouldn’t be flagged by automation.

Manual Accessibility Testing Doesn’t Have to Be Time-Consuming

Yes, manual testing takes time. But it doesn’t have to grind your project to a halt.

Here’s how teams can streamline the process:

Integrate manual accessibility testing in sprints. Assign accessibility checks to QA or dev team members alongside other functional testing.
Use assistive tech simulators early. Even five minutes with VoiceOver or NVDA on a new feature can reveal major issues.
Focus on high-impact areas. Prioritize navigation, forms, modals, and anything tied to conversions or essential tasks.
Document patterns. Once you’ve tested common components (like dropdowns, date pickers, etc.), reuse them instead of rebuilding.

And most importantly—train your team. A developer with basic screen reader skills and a solid understanding of WCAG can identify more issues in five minutes than a tool might catch in five hours.

The Long-Term Payoff

Manual accessibility testing isn’t just about checking a compliance box—it’s about protecting your users, your brand, and your bottom line.

Benefits of a hybrid testing strategy include:

Fewer false positives and rework
Better user experience for everyone
Reduced legal risk and stronger compliance
Improved SEO and discoverability
Greater confidence in product quality

When teams understand what to test, how to test it, and why it matters, accessibility becomes a natural part of the development workflow—not an afterthought.

Bridging the Gap Between Code and Experience

So—is manual accessibility testing worth it?

Without question. Automated tools are great for speed, consistency, and catching the basics, but they can’t see the experience through a user’s eyes. Manual accessibility testing brings in that essential layer of human judgment, helping your team uncover issues that really affect usability—especially for people navigating with assistive technologies.

When you pair automation with real-world testing, you’re not just building a site that passes checks—you’re creating something that works better for everyone. It’s a smarter, more resilient way to approach accessibility, especially as legal expectations grow and user expectations rise even faster.

Curious what that could look like for your team? Schedule an ADA briefing with 216digital. We’ll walk you through our Phase 2 real-world remediation services—designed to help you go beyond code checks and build accessibility that holds up in practice, not just on paper.

Greg McNeil

May 15, 2025

Testing & Remediation

Accessibility, Accessibility Remediation, Accessibility testing, manual audit, Manual Testing, Web Accessibility, Web Accessibility Remediation

Is WCAG Certification Possible?
Many businesses are on the hunt for something called “WCAG certification”—a stamp of approval to show their site is accessible. But is that even a real thing?

The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) are the widely accepted standard for creating accessible digital content. These guidelines help ensure websites, apps, and digital tools work for everyone—including people with disabilities. But here’s the catch: there’s no such thing as official WCAG certification. That doesn’t mean you’re out of luck, though.

In this article, we’ll unpack what WCAG really is, why it matters, and what practical steps you can take to prove your accessibility commitment—without chasing a non-existent certificate.

What Is WCAG — and Why It Matters

WCAG is a set of accessibility guidelines created by a group called the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). It’s been updated over the years—versions 2.0, 2.1, and 2.2 are already in use, and a new draft version (WCAG 3.0) is in the works.

The guidelines are built on four main principles:
- Perceivable: Can people see, hear, or otherwise access your content?
- Operable: Can users interact with it, like using a keyboard or voice commands?
- Understandable: Is your site’s content and layout easy to follow?
- Robust: Will your site work across different devices, browsers, and assistive tech?
These principles help you build a better experience for everyone. And with around 1 in 4 Americans living with a disability, accessibility isn’t a niche issue—it’s a core part of serving your audience.

Can You Get WCAG Certified? (No — and Here’s Why)

Let’s make it simple: WCAG certification does not exist in any official form. The W3C—the organization behind WCAG—doesn’t issue certificates to websites or developers. So if someone tells you they can give you a WCAG certificate, that’s a red flag.

Here’s what does exist:
- WCAG Conformance: This means your website meets specific WCAG success criteria.
- Audit Reports: Accessibility experts can review your site and document its strengths and weaknesses.
- Professional Credentials: Individuals can take training and exams to show they understand accessibility standards.
What you can’t get is an “official” WCAG certification from any governing body. The W3C has actually decided not to create a certification program at all, stating that a formal seal could do more harm than good. So any so-called “WCAG certificate” should be treated carefully—think of it more as “we followed WCAG and have evidence” rather than a license or badge.

Why the Idea of Certification Still Matters

Even though WCAG certification isn’t real, the need to show good faith—especially during legal challenges—is very real.

If your site faces an ADA accessibility complaint, a detailed audit report or a public accessibility statement can help. It won’t guarantee immunity, but it may:
- Shorten legal negotiations
- Lower settlement demands
- Show that you’re actively working on improvements
Most lawsuits under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) focus on fixing the problem (not financial damages at the federal level), but state laws like California’s Unruh Act can make things much more expensive. In some cases, businesses may face penalties of $4,000 per violation—per user session.

Many businesses choose to settle accessibility lawsuits rather than fight in court, with settlements typically ranging from $5,000 to $20,000, and sometimes far more. Proactively documenting your WCAG conformance can reduce those risks and costs.

What You Can Get Instead: Real Accessibility Certifications

While your website can’t be WCAG certified, you or your team can earn credentials that demonstrate knowledge of WCAG and broader accessibility concepts. These are well-respected in the field:
- CPACC – Certified Professional in Accessibility Core Competencies
  Great for content creators, marketers, and generalists. Covers topics like disability types, legal basics, and WCAG principles.
- WAS – Web Accessibility Specialist
  Tailored for developers and UX designers. Dives deep into the technical side: semantic HTML, ARIA, testing practices.
- CPWA – Certified Professional in Web Accessibility
  Combines both CPACC and WAS certifications. Ideal for accessibility leads or those overseeing compliance efforts.
These certifications don’t claim to be WCAG certification, but they do show your commitment to accessibility expertise.

Real Accessibility Is About Practical Action

Certifications help—but they’re not a shortcut. To build and maintain an accessible site, focus on practical, ongoing steps that create real impact.

Run Regular Accessibility Audits

You can use tools like WAVE or Lighthouse, but manual testing is essential too. Look for issues like missing labels, broken keyboard navigation, or poor heading structure. Save your reports as documentation in case questions arise later.

Fix High-Impact Issues First

Some problems—like missing alt text or contrast issues—pose bigger risks than others. Prioritize known trouble spots.

Bake Accessibility Into Development

Make accessibility part of your everyday workflow, not something you tackle at the end. Small habits make a big difference.

Publish a Public Statement

Adding an accessibility statement to your website builds trust and shows you’re being transparent and proactive.

Train Your Content Team

Every upload matters. A well-meaning update can unintentionally introduce accessibility problems—so make sure everyone’s equipped to do their part.

Should You Be Chasing WCAG Certification?

Not exactly. The smarter question is: how do you prove that your site meets WCAG standards?

Here’s how to show your work:
- Encourage team members to earn real accessibility credentials like CPACC or WAS.
- Hire an expert to audit your site and issue a detailed report.
- Post an accessibility statement on your site that outlines your efforts and future plans.
- Monitor your site and run regular checks to ensure improvements are sustained.
And remember: legal risk is growing. Thousands of lawsuits were filed in the past year alone over inaccessible websites. Many target websites that lack basic WCAG conformance.

Accessibility Partners Can Make the Difference

Trying to juggle deadlines, legacy code, and legal exposure? Outside help can give you the lift you need. Experienced accessibility partners don’t just run audits—they help you build a sustainable, legally defensible program.

What expert partners can offer:
- Full audits, including real-user testing
- Help fixing accessibility issues
- Ongoing monitoring to catch new problems
- Role-specific training for devs, designers, and content teams
And a key difference? The right partner will never promise fake WCAG certification. They’ll help you build real results.

You Don’t Need a WCAG Certificate—You Need a Plan

The idea of WCAG certification sounds comforting—but it’s not real. What is real? Earning your users’ trust by making your site work for everyone.

When you show that you’ve taken the right steps—training, audits, public transparency—you don’t need a certificate. You’ve already proven your commitment.

Ready to show your commitment to accessibility the right way?
Schedule an ADA accessibility briefing with 216digital and see how we help teams maintain long-term WCAG conformance and build more inclusive digital experiences.
Greg McNeil

May 14, 2025

Web Accessibility Training

Accessibility, WCAG, WCAG Certification, WCAG Compliance, Web Accessibility, web developers, web development
Don’t Be Fooled by False Positives in Accessibility
Imagine you’re scanning through an accessibility report when it flags a purely decorative image for missing alt text. You pause and double-check the code—aria-hidden= "true" is clearly set—yet the tool insists it’s an issue. In moments like these, you’re dealing with false positives.

When left unchecked, false positives can waste hours of development time, drain your budget, and leave real accessibility problems hidden beneath noise. For developers who regularly rely on automated accessibility testing, learning to recognize and reduce these inaccuracies is as essential as fixing actual accessibility barriers.

What a False Positive Really Is

Simply put, false positives occur when a testing tool incorrectly marks compliant content as inaccessible, even though it aligns perfectly with standards like WCAG. These mistaken alerts often create confusion and lead teams to fix things that aren’t broken—sometimes at the expense of overlooking real issues.

So, why do they happen? Usually, false positives stem from three common causes:
- Limited context: Automated tools understand code but not intent. Elements involving dynamic JavaScript or custom user settings can confuse them, triggering inaccurate alerts. For example, a modal loaded via JavaScript might be marked as inaccessible until it’s fully rendered, even if it meets all WCAG requirements when interactive.
- Overly cautious rules: Some tools are intentionally strict, flagging anything remotely questionable to avoid missing genuine issues. While well-intentioned, this can lead to excessive alerts. Developers end up treating these tools like overprotective smoke alarms—loud, constant, and sometimes hard to trust.
- Varied coding practices: Custom components or unconventional markup patterns, common in modern front-end workflows, often mislead algorithms expecting textbook HTML. Accessibility implemented through ARIA roles or JavaScript event handlers may trip up tools that expect static HTML structures.
Most developers have encountered these scenarios in practice: decorative icons labeled as “critical issues,” contrast alerts ignoring user-selected dark modes, or dynamic form elements incorrectly flagged for missing labels. Each instance represents the broader problem—tools missing the bigger picture.

The Hidden Costs of False Positives

When false positives become part of your day-to-day workflow, the cost isn’t just inconvenience—it’s real impact on time, trust, and outcomes.

Time and Budget Drain

Chasing down false positives can quickly become a costly distraction. Imagine your team spends hours rewriting alt text for images that never needed it. Those same resources could have resolved genuine issues or shipped new features, improving your product instead of spinning its wheels. For larger teams or enterprise projects, these hours quickly compound into days—adding up to measurable delays in delivery and inflated budgets.

This resource drain can be particularly painful during audits or compliance deadlines when teams are working under pressure. Every misfire takes attention away from what truly matters: building inclusive digital experiences for real users.

Erosion of Trust in Tools

Repeated inaccurate alerts erode confidence in accessibility tools. Developers may grow skeptical, dismissing genuine issues as “probably another false positive.” This skepticism can cause real accessibility problems to slip through unnoticed, undermining the very purpose of using these tools.

Once the trust is gone, so is the motivation to use these tools proactively. Instead of integrating accessibility checks early and often, teams may push them off to the final stages—or abandon them altogether. That’s a slippery slope that compromises both compliance and user experience.

Legal and Reputational Risks

Perhaps most serious of all, excessive false positives can mask true accessibility problems. If your team assumes a website is compliant based on misleading tool reports, users could face unexpected barriers. That scenario leaves your organization vulnerable to lawsuits, fines, and damage to brand reputation.

It’s a dangerous combination: a dashboard showing 100% compliance while screen reader users struggle to navigate key interactions. In the worst-case scenario, this could lead to legal action under ADA, Section 508, or similar laws depending on your location or industry.

Practical Steps to Minimize False Positives

It’s not about choosing between automation and accuracy—it’s about striking a balance. Here are a few strategies that can help:

Choose Tools Carefully

Accuracy is crucial. Opt for tools known to minimize false positives—look at reviews, user communities, and real-world feedback. Tools that offer detailed explanations for each issue help developers evaluate the context instead of blindly applying changes. Bonus points for tools that integrate smoothly into your CI/CD pipeline or Git workflows, allowing developers to spot and triage issues earlier in the process.

Combine Automated Testing with Manual Checks

Automation is valuable, but humans bring the necessary context. Regular manual reviews, particularly with real assistive technologies like screen readers or keyboard-only navigation, confirm whether flagged issues are real or simply more false positives. This human element provides critical insights into actual user experiences that no machine can replicate on its own.

Pairing automated scans with periodic expert reviews ensures you don’t end up trusting the scanner more than the people you’re building for.

Educate and Empower Your Team

Providing training ensures everyone knows what a genuine accessibility issue looks like. Regular team briefings, quick reference guides, or lunch-and-learn sessions can equip developers and QA specialists to confidently distinguish true issues from false positives during daily workflows.

It also helps to document commonly misflagged elements in your internal dev wiki or design system docs. That way, developers don’t waste time rediscovering the same conclusions again and again.

Shift Accessibility Testing Left

Accessibility testing should be a routine practice, integrated into every development phase—right alongside linting, unit testing, and code reviews. Early checks catch issues and limit the spread of false positives throughout your codebase.

This shift-left approach reduces last-minute panic before launches and promotes a culture where accessibility is part of the conversation from the start. Teams that embed these habits often find they’re able to respond to flagged issues faster and with greater confidence.

Engage Accessibility Specialists

Sometimes, complex implementations or large-scale projects need specialized insight. Accessibility experts can fine-tune automated testing parameters, spot challenging edge cases, and provide tailored recommendations. Their guidance helps reduce false positives and sets your project on a sustainable path forward.

Even a short-term partnership or audit can clarify which alerts deserve attention and which are tool-generated noise. Think of it like calling in an electrician to check wiring behind the walls—some things are better seen with trained eyes.

A True Positive Path Forward

False positives in accessibility testing aren’t just minor annoyances—they cost valuable resources, erode trust, and potentially expose your site to compliance risks. Left unchecked, they can derail good intentions and cause more confusion than clarity. But with the right balance of tools, process, and people, they don’t have to.

Start by picking better tools, pairing them with manual validation, and investing in your team’s knowledge. Make accessibility part of your workflow—not just a checkbox at the end. And when needed, bring in expert support to cut through the noise.

Want to take your accessibility efforts to the next level? Schedule an ADA briefing with 216digital. Our team will help you build a sustainable, practical strategy for achieving real-world accessibility and staying ahead of compliance requirements.
Greg McNeil

May 13, 2025

Testing & Remediation

Accessibility, Accessibility Remediation, false positives, Web Accessibility Remediation, web developers, web development, Website Accessibility
Celebrate GAAD: 6 Ways to Support Inclusion
On Thursday, May 15, 2025, workplaces, campuses, and whole communities will hit “pause” to celebrate Global Accessibility Awareness Day (GAAD)—a grassroots holiday that shines a bright spotlight on digital inclusion.

GAAD sprang from a single, compelling truth: when more people think about accessibility, more people build with accessibility in mind. The numbers speak for themselves—over one billion people around the globe live with a disability, and all of them interact with the web. Boosting access lifts the experience for everyone, from keyboard-only power users to friends scrolling on cracked phone screens. That’s why GAAD isn’t just a tech-industry affair; it’s a call-out that accessibility fuels brand trust, search performance, and legal peace of mind across every sector.

If building an inclusive business matters to you, GAAD is your moment to turn good intentions into forward-motion.

How GAAD Began: A Blog Post That Sparked a Global Movement

Flash back to 2011. Los Angeles developer Joe Devon dashed off a late-night blog post urging his peers to make accessibility “mainstream.” Toronto-based accessibility champion Jennison Asuncion retweeted it, and the duo launched the first GAAD in 2012.

Their concept was delightfully simple: one day each May devoted to thinking and talking about accessibility. No required format, no corporate sponsor—just open-source energy. It stuck. Fourteen years later, GAAD events stretch across every continent, from campus demos to enterprise-scale product sprints. The big takeaway? Progress catches fire the moment developers and designers decide today’s the day to try something new.

Why GAAD Still Matters in 2025

A decade of lawsuits, legislation, and public advocacy has pushed web accessibility onto mainstream project plans. Plenty of U.S. businesses now bake WCAG success criteria into design systems. Yet snag points remain—untagged PDF order forms, checkout flows that lose focus, videos whose auto-captions garble half the words.

GAAD serves as a structured pause to ask three energizing questions:
1. What has improved? Celebrate resolved tickets, fresh color palettes, and alt-text workflows that finally stick.
2. Where do gaps remain? Surface those pesky “parking-lot” issues that never seem to reach sprint planning.
3. How can we raise the bar? Turn wish-list ideas into measurable road-map line items.
Skip this reflection and accessibility efforts stall. Embrace it and teams rediscover energy, secure budget, and align with website-legal-compliance goals.

What’s In It for Business: Real-World Upside
- Highlight Your Commitment: Show your accessibility timeline—audit dates, remediation milestones, and future targets—to build trust with customers, regulators, and stakeholders.
- Strengthen Your Brand: Values-driven shoppers vote with their wallets. Visibility on GAAD proves inclusion is in your brand DNA, not a post-litigation scramble. Expect positive press, boosted employee pride, and a leg up in crowded markets.
- Engage Your Community: Accessibility stories humanize metrics. A quick screen-reader demo or a customer testimonial about smoother checkout turns policy into empathy—and empathy drives adoption far beyond the dev team.
Six Meaningful Ways to Celebrate GAAD 2025

Tip: Pick one or two ideas this year—depth beats volume. Next May, build on what worked.

Share Your Story

Craft a LinkedIn post, blog article, or internal memo chronicling your journey—from first spark (maybe an ADA letter, maybe a passionate employee) to key lessons and next goals. Authentic reflection invites peers to chime in with candid feedback.

Post on Social Media

Bite-sized content travels farther than white papers. Try a 60-second clip of your new color-contrast fix, a carousel of screen-reader shortcuts, or a punchy stat (“Only 3.1 % of home pages meet basic WCAG color contrast.”) with #GAAD and #AccessibilityMatters. Real, raw, and shareable wins every time.

Host an Internal Accessibility Chat

Swap formal workshops for a relaxed brown-bag session. Demo a color-blindness simulator, read sample alt text aloud, or show leadership how one missing label blocks checkout in two keystrokes. Thirty minutes can uncover easy fixes hiding in plain sight.

Educate Your Team

Use GAAD as a micro-learning catalyst. Share a five-minute video on ARIA landmarks, drop a Slack thread with a contrast-ratio calculator, or challenge designers to run a screen-reader audit on your top landing page. Small feats build big confidence.

Start an Accessibility Goals List

Turn “we should” into “we will.” Pick three goals to nail before GAAD 2026—mandatory alt-text fields in your CMS, automated axe-linter checks in pull requests, or a third-party manual audit every year. Publish the list where product owners can’t miss it.

Update Your Accessibility Statement

Keep your public pledge current. Swap vague promises for concrete dates and standards (“As of April 2025, we meet WCAG 2.2 AA on all primary templates”), add a feedback channel straight to your accessibility lead, and spotlight recent wins like reduced-motion options and crisper captions.

Looking Ahead: Building Daily Culture

GAAD is the spark, not the whole fire. Long-term inclusion thrives in daily processes, not one-day celebrations:
- Design sprints: Invite a user with assistive tech into prototype tests.
- Code reviews: Add a check for semantic HTML and keyboard flow.
- Content workflows: Make alt-text and caption columns non-optional.
- Customer support: Train agents to log and escalate accessibility barriers reported by users.
Celebrate your internal champions—developers who relish accessibility puzzles, marketers who write crystal-clear link text. Recognition programs, dedicated Slack channels, or monthly “a11y show-and-tell” sessions keep the momentum humming even when deadlines loom.

Your Invitation to Take the Next Step

GAAD 2025 marks progress, not the finish line. Whether you’re fresh off your first audit or refining mature design systems, there’s always another barrier to remove, another user to welcome. Use the day to celebrate wins, spotlight gaps, and commit to tangible goals.

Need a roadmap? 216digital offers concise ADA-compliance briefings that turn audits into actionable plans, marrying web-accessibility best practices with website-legal-compliance strategies. Schedule a session and walk away with clear next steps, realistic timelines, and renewed confidence that your site greets every visitor with open arms.

Let’s turn one Thursday into twelve months of better digital experiences—because inclusion, like code, gets better with every iterate-and-improve cycle.

Happy GAAD—and happy building!
Greg McNeil

May 12, 2025

Web Accessibility Remediation

Accessibility, ADA Website Compliance, GAAD, Global Accessibility Awareness Day, Web Accessibility, Website Accessibility
aria-label vs aria-labelledby: When and How to Use Each
As developers, we know every interactive element—buttons, dialogs, inputs—needs an accessible name. Good semantic HTML handles this automatically. But let’s face it, our apps get complicated. Sometimes, buttons only show icons, dialogs pull their titles from external components, or complex widgets break the neat semantic model. That’s where ARIA attributes come in. Specifically, aria-label and aria-labelledby help us provide clear,

screen-reader-friendly names. But they aren’t interchangeable. Knowing when to use each can save you debugging headaches down the line.

The Common Ground

First off, let’s review their similarities. Both aria-label and aria-labelledby override native labels provided by HTML. Both directly influence what assistive technologies like screen readers announce. Ideally, though, these ARIA attributes should be your fallback, not the go-to solution—semantic HTML labels are always best.

Quick side note: If you’re ever curious about the details, check out the Accessible Name Computation Algorithm.

Using aria-label: Direct and Hidden

aria-label lets you set an accessible name directly with a string—no extra DOM needed. Here’s a simple example you’ve probably seen before:
```
<button aria-label="Search">
  <svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false">...</svg>
</button>
```
Perfect for icon buttons or elements that don’t have visible labels. But there’s a catch:
- It’s invisible to sighted users. If your visual UI doesn’t clearly indicate the button’s purpose, this can confuse people.
- It’s static and won’t automatically update with dynamic content changes.
- Localization is manual—you need to integrate these labels into your internationalization setup.
Use aria-label when simplicity outweighs these drawbacks—like icon-only buttons that stay consistent across languages.

aria-labelledby: Harness Visible Content

aria-labelledby points directly to visible content already on the page to build the accessible name. This is super helpful for complex widgets or dialogs:
```
<div role="dialog" aria-labelledby="dialog-title">
  <h2 id="dialog-title">Settings</h2>
  
</div>
```
This is great because:
- Updates to referenced elements automatically update the accessible name—handy for localization or dynamic UI changes.
- You can reference multiple IDs to build richer, descriptive names.
The downside? It requires stable IDs. Reference a missing ID, and your screen reader users will hear nothing—a silent fail you won’t catch easily without testing.

Picking the Right Attribute

Choosing between these two attributes boils down to visibility and localization:
- Visible text already on screen? Use aria-labelledby.
- Icon-only or hidden label? Use aria-label.
- Multiple languages or dynamic content? Lean heavily towards aria-labelledby.
Following these simple guidelines can help keep your UI accessible and your codebase clean.

Common Mistakes (And How to Dodge Them)

Let’s get real: we’ve all made these mistakes:
1. Using both attributes at once: Screen readers only honor aria-labelledby. The leftover aria-label just confuses whoever touches your code next.
2. Referencing IDs that don’t exist: Silent errors are the worst. Double-check your references with automated tools like axe-core.
3. Static English aria-labels on multilingual sites: Always leverage your translation pipeline or use aria-labelledby with translated DOM elements.
Quick example: Imagine a delete button labeled with aria-label="Delete" in English. When your app gets translated into Spanish, this button label stays stuck in English. Switching to aria-labelledby referencing a translated element solves it instantly.

Performance and Maintenance Tips

In frameworks like React or Vue, manage your DOM carefully. Always ensure referenced elements exist in the DOM before referencing components mount. Add automated accessibility checks (like Lighthouse) into your CI/CD setup. They’ll quickly catch misconfigured labels and help you maintain consistent accessibility.

Advanced Label Composition

Need more detail? Stack IDs with aria-labelledby:
```
<span id="action">Confirm</span>
<span id="item">your subscription</span>
<button aria-labelledby="action item">...</button>
```
Now the screen reader clearly announces, “Confirm your subscription.”

Dynamic content? Even simpler:
```
const statusLabel = document.getElementById("status");
statusLabel.textContent = isExpired ? "Expired" : "Active";
// aria-labelledby references statusLabel automatically
```
This dynamic updating is invaluable for reactive or state-driven UI.

Testing Your Accessible Names

Don’t skip manual checks. Fire up VoiceOver, NVDA, or even JAWS and tab through your components the way real users do. Navigate end‑to‑end, listen for odd announcements, and confirm the focus order feels right. Then pair those spot checks with automated tools in CI so labeling issues get fixed long before code ships.

Wrapping Up: Making Strategic Choices

Understanding when to use aria-label versus aria-labelledby might seem minor, but it significantly impacts users’ experience. Choose aria-label for simplicity and directness, especially on icon-driven interfaces. Go with aria-labelledby when leveraging visible, dynamic, or localized content.

Remember, accessibility is about making your interfaces clear for everyone, not just users relying on assistive tech. The strategic use of these attributes ensures your app feels polished and intuitive.

Need a quick gut‑check? Schedule an ADA briefing with 216digital. We’ll walk through your codebase together and make sure every label—and the rest of your accessibility stack—hits the mark.
Greg McNeil

May 9, 2025

How-to Guides

Accessibility, ARIA, aria-label, Web Accessibility, web developers, web development

Accessible Accordion vs Disclosure: Dev Best Practices

Disclosures and accordions show up all over the place—FAQs, menus, settings panels—you name it. They seem simple enough, right? But making sure they actually work for everyone takes more than just toggling some content and calling it a day.

If you’ve ever wondered when to use <details> versus building an accordion with buttons and ARIA, or how to keep screen reader users from getting lost in a sea of hidden panels, you’re not alone. This guide breaks it all down—what to use, when to use it, and how to build a truly accessible accordion without overcomplicating the code.

What Are Disclosure and Accordion Widgets?

Disclosure Widgets: Simple, Native, and Often Overlooked

Disclosures—also known as show/hide widgets—are ideal for toggling a single section of content. Think expandable FAQs or inline help that doesn’t clutter the UI by default.

Here’s a basic example using semantic HTML:

<details>
  <summary>Need more info?</summary>
  <p>Here are more details you might find useful.</p>
</details>

This pattern is fully native and built into the browser, which means it comes with keyboard support and screen reader compatibility right out of the box. You also get the open attribute, which allows you to control whether the content is expanded by default.

The main advantage here is simplicity—no JavaScript needed, and fewer chances to introduce accessibility issues.

Accordion Widgets: More Complex, More Control

An accessible accordion expands on the idea of disclosure by managing multiple content panels. In most implementations, only one section is open at a time, helping users stay focused and reducing cognitive overload.

You can build an accordion using multiple <details> elements, but if you want to control behavior more precisely—like closing other panels when one opens—you’ll need JavaScript.

Here’s what a minimal HTML-only version might look like:

<details name="accordion">
  <summary>Step 1</summary>
  <p>Instructions for step one.</p>
</details>

But to meet WCAG standards for a true accessible accordion, you’ll need to manage keyboard navigation, state indicators, and focus behavior—topics we’ll cover next.

Accessibility Considerations Developers Must Prioritize

Keyboard Navigation That Works for Everyone

An accessible accordion must support meaningful keyboard interactions. Here’s what users expect:

Tab and Shift + Tab to move between interactive elements.
Enter or Space to toggle a section open or closed.
Arrow Up/Down or Home/End to move between accordion headers in more advanced versions.

Missing any of these can make your component unusable for keyboard users. The WAI-ARIA Authoring Practices offer detailed guidance on accordion interaction patterns—worth bookmarking for reference.

Use Semantic Elements—Always

If there’s one golden rule, it’s this: never sacrifice semantics for styling.

That means:

Use <button> for interactive triggers—not <div>, <span>, or anchor tags without href.
If you’re toggling visibility, it’s a button, not a link.
Ensure that elements behave as users (and assistive technologies) expect.

Using semantic elements is one of the most effective ways to ensure your accessible accordion behaves predictably across screen readers and input types.

Add ARIA Where Needed, Not Everywhere

ARIA should enhance native HTML—not replace it. But when you’re building a custom accordion in JavaScript, ARIA becomes essential for communicating component state.

Here’s a basic implementation:

<button aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="info">More Info</button>
<div id="info" hidden>
  <p>Here’s the additional info.</p>
</div>

const btn = document.querySelector('button');
const content = document.getElementById('info');
btn.addEventListener('click', () => {
  const expanded = btn.getAttribute('aria-expanded') === 'true';
  btn.setAttribute('aria-expanded', String(!expanded));
  content.hidden = expanded;
});

This ensures screen readers can track whether content is visible or hidden, creating a seamless experience for all users.

Common Accessibility Mistakes (and How to Fix Them)

Even seasoned devs slip up. Here are a few common issues that can break accessibility—and how to address them:

Mistake	Problem	Solution
Non-focusable triggers	`<div>`s with `onclick` don’t work for keyboard users	Use `<button>` or add `tabindex="0"`
Links used instead of buttons	`<a>` without `href` doesn’t convey intent	Replace with semantic `<button>`
Missing state feedback	Screen readers can’t detect if content is expanded	Dynamically update aria-expanded
Focusable elements in hidden content	Users tab into content they can’t see	Use hidden or display: none correctly

Most of these issues stem from skipping semantic HTML or relying too heavily on JavaScript without proper state management. An accessible accordion avoids these pitfalls by focusing on clarity, intent, and interaction feedback.

Best Practices for Developers

Building an accessible accordion that holds up in the real world means going beyond code snippets. Here’s what to keep in mind:

Start with Progressive Enhancement

Whenever possible, begin with HTML <details> and <summary>. They’re accessible by default and supported in all major browsers. Use JavaScript only when additional behavior—like limiting panels to one open at a time—is truly needed.

Prioritize Focus Visibility

An accordion is only as accessible as its focus states. Make sure every interactive element has a visible focus indicator, and don’t override :focus-visible in your CSS. This isn’t just a WCAG 2.2 requirement—it’s also just good UX.

Avoid Overengineering with ARIA

Don’t reach for ARIA unless you need to. Native HTML tends to be more robust across assistive technologies, and using ARIA incorrectly can make things worse. When in doubt, simplify.

Test Like a User

If you’re not testing with a keyboard, you’re flying blind. Add screen reader testing with NVDA, JAWS, or VoiceOver into your QA flow. Run Lighthouse and WAVE scans, but don’t rely on them alone—they won’t catch everything an actual user would encounter.

Real-World Application: From Good to Great

Let’s say you’re rebuilding a legacy FAQ section. It uses JavaScript to toggle open answers, but it’s riddled with <div>s and missing ARIA.

Start by replacing the markup with semantic HTML:

<details>
  <summary>What’s your return policy?</summary>
  <p>You can return items within 30 days.</p>
</details>

Then, enhance with JavaScript if you want only one section open at a time. Layer in ARIA attributes to improve screen reader support. Suddenly, you’ve turned a clunky widget into a polished, accessible accordion that works for everyone.

Wrapping It Up

Disclosures and accordions might seem interchangeable, but the differences matter—especially when accessibility is on the line. Whether you’re working on a quick FAQ or building a fully dynamic interface, an accessible accordion ensures users with different abilities can navigate and interact with your content.

At the end of the day, accessibility isn’t about checking boxes—it’s about building better interfaces for everyone.

Need help auditing your components?

216digital offers in-depth accessibility support. Schedule an ADA compliance consultation to review your current implementation and ensure everything meets WCAG standards—without compromising design or performance.

Greg McNeil

May 8, 2025

How-to Guides

Accessibility, accessible accordion, Disclosure, How-to, HTML, semantic HTML, web developers, web development

ADA Settlements: Risks, Costs, and Legal Outcomes

When a business is hit with an ADA website accessibility lawsuit, the costs can be more than just financial—they can ripple through development timelines, legal budgets, and brand reputation. And with digital accessibility lawsuits rising yearly, more developers, designers, and product teams are being pulled into legal remediation efforts they didn’t see coming.

But here’s the truth: Not every site needs to achieve 100% WCAG conformance overnight to avoid legal trouble. Smart, risk-aware development teams know how to focus on what matters most—protecting users and reducing legal exposure—without getting bogged down in unnecessary technical perfection.

This article breaks down what ADA settlements typically involve, how to assess legal risk in accessibility work, and when to prioritize critical fixes versus deeper WCAG alignment. Whether you’re retrofitting an existing website or launching something new, understanding the difference between technical and practical compliance can help you make more strategic choices.

What Are ADA Settlements and Why Do They Matter?

An ADA settlement is a legal agreement made outside of court after someone files a complaint or lawsuit under the Americans with Disabilities Act, usually regarding a website or app that isn’t accessible to people with disabilities. These agreements typically include:

A financial payment to the plaintiff (often $5,000–$50,000)
A commitment to fix specific accessibility barriers
A timeline for remediation and reporting requirements
A stipulation to train internal teams on accessibility best practices

Most companies settle because litigation is expensive, time-consuming, and unpredictable. Settling often avoids further public exposure or escalating legal fees—but it still requires swift technical action and long-term accountability.

The Real Costs of ADA Settlements

The direct cost of an ADA settlement can vary, but here’s a realistic breakdown for small to midsize organizations:

Settlement payout: $5,000–$30,000 (on average)
Attorney fees (your side): $5,000–$20,000+
Attorney fees (plaintiff’s side, often paid by you): $5,000–$50,000
Remediation costs: $5,000–$50,000 depending on site size and complexity
Training and monitoring costs: Ongoing

Beyond dollars, there’s the cost of dev time, stakeholder panic, potential press coverage, and damage to brand reputation. It’s no wonder more companies are starting to take accessibility seriously before a lawsuit lands on their desk.

The Technical vs. Practical Accessibility Approach

Let’s be clear—full WCAG 2.1 AA conformance is a great long-term goal. But when lawsuits or legal demands hit, the more strategic question becomes: What do we fix first to reduce the most risk, fastest?

Technical Approach

The technical approach focuses on achieving full conformance with WCAG criteria, including:

Semantic structure (landmarks, headings, ARIA roles)
Keyboard access for all functionality
Color contrast and visual design
Error prevention and accessible forms
Text alternatives for images, media, and interactive elements

While comprehensive, this approach can be time-consuming and expensive, especially if your site wasn’t built with accessibility in mind.

Practical Approach

The practical approach focuses on real-world usage and risk mitigation, emphasizing:

High-risk issues likely to appear in a lawsuit (keyboard traps, unlabeled buttons, inaccessible forms)
Fixes that enable blind, low-vision, and mobility-impaired users to navigate, read, and transact
Remediating issues cited by popular screen readers (e.g., NVDA, VoiceOver) and automated tools (e.g., Google Lighthouse, WAVE)

This approach doesn’t replace full compliance—it prioritizes it. For many developers under pressure, this is the smarter path in the short term.

How to Identify High-Risk Accessibility Issues

You don’t need to fix every single WCAG failure at once. Start by focusing on the most common issues that trigger ADA lawsuits:

Issue Type	Description
Keyboard Traps	Can’t tab out of a modal or menu
Missing Button Labels	Screen readers announce “button” with no context
Inaccessible Forms	Fields lack labels, or error messages aren’t announced
Poor Color Contrast	Text is unreadable for people with low vision
Broken Skip Links	Users can’t bypass repetitive navigation
Inconsistent Heading Use	Screen readers can’t navigate efficiently
Missing Alt Text	Images lack descriptions for screen reader users

Each of these can significantly affect usability—and is a frequent target in lawsuits.

Real-World ADA Settlement Outcomes

To understand how this plays out in the wild, here are three simplified examples:

1. Small Retailer Settles for $15K + Fixes

A small e-commerce business received a demand letter after their cart and checkout were found to be inaccessible to keyboard users. They settled for $15,000 and committed to a 90-day remediation plan targeting key transactional flows.

2. Nonprofit Faces Multiple Complaints

A regional nonprofit was hit with three nearly identical lawsuits within six months. They paid over $60,000 total in settlements, then hired an accessibility partner to run audits, update templates, and add ongoing monitoring.

3. Enterprise Brand Chooses Full Compliance

After receiving a lawsuit, a national retailer chose to settle and invest in full WCAG 2.1 AA remediation. The effort took over 9 months but allowed them to build a sustainable accessibility program and avoid future litigation.

How to Strengthen Accessibility and Reduce Legal Risk

Navigating ADA compliance doesn’t require perfection—it requires prioritization. While no one expects your team to fix everything overnight, there are key actions you can take right now to reduce your legal exposure and improve user access:

Get Grounded in WCAG

You don’t need to memorize the entire spec, but your team should understand the fundamentals. Focus on guidelines related to navigation, labeling, and readable text—areas most often cited in ADA settlements.

Run an Audit—Then Act

Automated scans won’t catch everything, but they’re a fast way to surface high-risk gaps like missing alt text or poor contrast. Follow with targeted manual testing or bring in a specialist like 216digital to validate findings and prioritize fixes.

Train the Right Teams

Developers aren’t the only ones who touch your site. Marketing, design, and content teams need basic accessibility training so issues aren’t reintroduced after remediation. This step is often required as part of ADA settlements and signals long-term commitment.

Monitor Continuously

Accessibility is not a “set it and forget it” process. With 216digital’s a11y.Radar, teams can catch regressions early and stay ahead of future lawsuits.

Stay Adaptive

Standards evolve. So should your strategy. Track changes to WCAG and be ready to update design systems, templates, and workflows to maintain long-term compliance.

Final Thoughts: Don’t Wait for a Lawsuit

ADA settlements are a growing risk—but they’re also preventable. Developers and site owners don’t have to boil the ocean to protect themselves. By taking a practical, high-impact approach to accessibility and knowing what issues matter most in legal outcomes, you can avoid major pitfalls while creating better digital experiences for everyone.

The key is to start. Run a scan, fix a few common issues, and build from there. If you’re unsure where to begin, partnering with an accessibility expert like 216digital can guide you through smart remediation strategies that work—before a lawsuit forces your hand.

Need help navigating accessibility risks?

Schedule a free 15-minute ADA briefing with 216digital. We’ll review your site and talk strategy and help you take the first step toward compliance and peace of mind.

Greg McNeil

May 7, 2025

Legal Compliance, Uncategorized

Accessibility, ADA Lawsuit, ADA Lawsuits, ADA settlements, Web Accessibility

ADA Website Compliance: Quick Fix or Fully Conform?
If you’re here, you probably already know your site needs to be accessible. You might’ve had an audit or maybe a legal notice made things real. But now comes the hard part: what’s the best way forward? Do you fix what’s broken right now and move on, or go all in and follow the full Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG)?

Let’s walk through what ADA website compliance really looks like—and how to choose the right approach for your site, your users, and your business.

What ADA Website Compliance Really Means

The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) doesn’t give websites a step-by-step checklist. It just says your site needs to be accessible in a way that offers “meaningful access” to people with disabilities. That’s pretty open-ended—and that’s where WCAG comes in.

The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) are the technical standards most often used to measure accessibility. Courts and government agencies, like the Department of Justice, often refer to WCAG 2.1 Level AA as the benchmark when they evaluate websites for ADA compliance. That version includes over 50 individual requirements that cover everything from color contrast and keyboard navigation to how your site handles screen readers.

So, when we talk about ADA website compliance, we’re really talking about how closely your site follows WCAG—and whether users with disabilities can actually navigate and use your site without barriers.

Two Paths to Accessibility: Full ADA WebsiteCompliance vs. Practical Fixes

When you’re deciding how to move forward, there are really two main paths: full WCAG conformance or practical remediation. They both aim to make your site better, but they approach the goal very differently.

What Full WCAG Compliance Means

Full WCAG compliance means that your website meets every requirement outlined in the WCAG 2.1 Level AA standards. These guidelines are built around four main principles: your content must be Perceivable, Operable, Understandable, and Robust.

So what does that mean in practice?

What Users Should Experience

It means users should be able to:
- See or hear your content, no matter how they access it.
- Navigate your site using just a keyboard, or a screen reader, or other assistive tools.
- Understand your interface—forms, menus, buttons—without confusion.
- Interact with a website that works consistently across browsers, platforms, and assistive tech.
Getting There: The Work Involved

Getting to full compliance isn’t just about checking a few boxes. It’s a full audit, followed by deep changes to your code, design, and sometimes even content workflows. You’ll need to scan every page, test key user journeys, and update components to work for everyone—not just mouse users or sighted users. That often includes:
- Fixing or rebuilding navigation menus to support keyboard use
- Adding semantic structure (like proper heading levels) to every page
- Making sure pop-ups and modals don’t trap users
- Providing descriptive alt text and meaningful link names
- Ensuring color contrast is high enough for users with low vision
- And much more
It’s a big lift—but it’s also the most reliable way to reduce legal risk, improve usability, and ensure long-term accessibility. If your site serves the public sector, a large audience, or is part of a digital product suite, full compliance may be the smartest move—even if it takes time. ADA website compliance at this level shows a proactive, inclusive mindset.

What Practical Accessibility Remediation Means

Practical accessibility remediation focuses on what’s legally risky and functionally broken. You’re not rebuilding the whole site; you’re fixing the issues that do the most harm.

Practical accessibility remediation focuses on what’s legally risky and functionally broken. That means you start by identifying the most common barriers that actually stop people from using your site.

Popular High-Risk Issues
- Missing alt text: If screen readers can’t describe an image, the user misses the point.
- Keyboard traps: If someone can’t navigate out of a menu or modal with a keyboard, they’re stuck.
- Unlabeled form fields: Without a proper label, assistive technology can’t tell the user what input is expected.
- Low color contrast: Text blends into the background and becomes unreadable for users with vision issues.
- Videos without captions: Deaf users can’t understand the content at all.
You’re still auditing your site, but instead of trying to fix everything, you prioritize the areas that cause the most user frustration or legal exposure. It’s faster. It takes fewer resources. And it still makes a real difference for accessibility and ADA website compliance in the short term.

The Trade-Offs

The tradeoff? Practical fixes don’t cover the full scope of WCAG. Some issues—like redundant link text, improper heading structure, or ARIA roles—might go untouched. That leaves some risk on the table, and it means you’ll still need a plan to address those later.

How to Decide What’s Right for You

You don’t need to be a lawyer or a developer to make a smart call here—you just need to think about your audience, your risk, and your roadmap.

If you’re a government agency, a university, or a large brand, full WCAG compliance may be expected—or even required in contracts. You’ll want a long-term accessibility partner, a roadmap with milestones, and time set aside for remediation work.

If you’re a small business or mid-sized e-commerce site, practical fixes might be the right place to start. You can quickly reduce your legal risk while making meaningful improvements for your users.

That said, practical remediation should always be seen as step one—not the final goal. Accessibility is not a one-and-done task. It’s part of how you build and maintain a trustworthy, inclusive brand.

Steady Progress Beats Perfect Overnight

Full WCAG compliance and practical remediation aren’t at odds. They’re two parts of the same journey. Many teams start with quick fixes to cover high-risk issues, then work toward full compliance over time—integrating accessibility into future design and development cycles.

Here’s the key takeaway: ADA website compliance isn’t about perfection. It’s about progress. Fix what’s hurting users now. Make a plan for what comes next. And build a process that helps you get better with every release.

If you’re unsure where your site stands or how to move forward, talk to a specialist. At 216digital, we help teams like yours take real, measurable steps toward accessibility—whether that’s a quick win or a full transformation. Schedule a briefing today and start building a website that works for everyone.
Greg McNeil

May 6, 2025

Testing & Remediation
How Digital Accessibility Training Reduces Legal Risk
You’ve already put in the work. Your site has been remediated, the big accessibility issues are behind you, and things are finally in a good place. That’s huge. But here’s the thing—accessibility doesn’t stay fixed on its own.

Websites evolve fast. New content gets published. Layouts shift. Design trends change. And unless your internal team knows how to keep accessibility in place, even small updates can knock you out of compliance before you realize it.

This is where digital accessibility training becomes your secret weapon. It’s not about starting over—it’s about staying in control, protecting your investment, and building confidence across your team.

Why Accessibility Isn’t “One and Done”

If you’ve ever updated a button style or added an image without checking the alt text, you already get it: accessibility issues can sneak in easily.

Every time your team touches the website—whether it’s a blog post, a product update, or a code tweak—they’re either maintaining compliance… or breaking it.

Remediation isn’t the finish line. It’s the starting point for sustainable accessibility. And without digital accessibility training, your team is basically driving without a map. One wrong turn, and you’re back in legal territory.

The Legal Stakes: Second-Time Lawsuits Are Surging

Here’s a stat that should stick: 41% of accessibility lawsuits last year were filed against companies that had already been sued before. That’s not a coincidence. It’s a sign.

Fixing things once doesn’t mean you’re covered forever. If issues come back—especially the same ones—courts notice. And they’re less patient the second time around.

Digital accessibility training helps your team catch issues early, long before they show up in a legal complaint. It’s the difference between being reactive and being resilient.

Training Makes You Proactive, Not Dependent

When your team is trained, they can:
- Spot accessibility problems in real-time
- Design and code with accessibility in mind from the start
- Review content before it goes live—not after complaints roll in
Instead of waiting for a vendor audit (and the invoice that comes with it), you can handle it in-house. That means fewer delays, fewer emergencies, and fewer costs.

Digital accessibility training empowers your team to do accessibility right—the first time.

It’s Not Just the ADA Anymore

If your organization works with government agencies, serves international users, or plans to expand globally, accessibility compliance means more than just the ADA.

You’ve got:
- Section 508 in the U.S.
- EN 301 549 in the EU
- AODA in Ontario, Canada
- And, of course, WCAG, which ties it all together
Training helps your team navigate all of it. No guessing. No scrambling. Just smart, informed decisions that keep you compliant across borders.

Why Training Costs Less (and Does More) Than You Think

Hiring outside help every time something breaks? That adds up—fast.
- Emergency audits
- Last-minute fixes
- Legal consultations
- Brand damage
Now compare that to the cost of training your internal team once—and watching them catch and prevent those issues every day.

Digital accessibility training is a one-time investment that keeps paying off. It saves time, reduces legal risk, and builds real, lasting confidence across departments.

What 216digital’s Training Really Looks Like

At 216digital, we don’t do cookie-cutter courses. Your team isn’t generic—and your training shouldn’t be either.

Here’s what our digital accessibility training includes:
- Custom learning paths based on your CMS, platform, and team roles
- Modules for designers, developers, content creators, and PMs
- Real examples from your own website
- Practical tips that match the tools you already use
- Built-in support for the remediation work you’ve already completed
This isn’t about teaching theory. It’s about building confidence and making sure your site stays accessible.

Who Needs to Be Trained?

Short answer: anyone who touches your website. Because accessibility isn’t just a dev thing. It’s not just a design thing. It’s a whole team thing.
- Developers learn to code accessibly from the ground up
- Content creators learn how to format text, links, and images the right way
- Designers learn how to make inclusive choices from the start
- QA testers learn what to look for before pushing updates live
When the whole team is on the same page, accessibility becomes second nature—not an afterthought.

A Human Approach That Actually Sticks

At 216digital, we live this stuff. We’re developers, writers, testers, and designers just like you. We’ve seen how frustrating accessibility can be when it feels like a mystery—and we’re here to make it feel manageable.

Our digital accessibility training is:
- Practical – You’ll use what you learn right away
- Approachable – No jargon, no lectures, just real conversations
- Supportive – We’re here to help, not to judge
Accessibility is about people. So is training.

The Bottom Line: Keep What You’ve Built

You’ve already made a big investment in accessibility. Don’t let it fade over time.

Digital accessibility training is how you protect that work, reduce legal risk, and give your team the tools to move forward with confidence.

Let’s make sure your website stays inclusive—for everyone who needs it.

Ready to empower your team? Learn more and schedule a custom session at 216digital.com/216digit-training
Greg McNeil

April 30, 2025

Web Accessibility Training

Accessibility, Accessibility Training, Marketing, Web Accessibility, Web Accessibility Training, web development, Website Accessibility
How to Comply with the Accessible Canada Act (ACA)
More than 8 million Canadians aged 15 and older—about 22% of the population—live with a disability. For many Canadians, participating in everyday life isn’t as simple as it should be. Whether it’s trying to book a train ticket online or reading government services on a mobile device, too many still face digital and physical barriers.

The Accessible Canada Act (ACA) was created to help change that. It’s a law designed to make Canada more accessible for everyone, including online spaces. This guide breaks down what the ACA means, who needs to follow it, and how you can make your website more accessible—without needing to be a tech expert.

Understanding the Accessible Canada Act (ACA)

The ACA was introduced in 2018 and became law in 2019. It’s part of Canada’s big-picture goal to be barrier-free by 2040. That means removing obstacles across seven key areas:
- Jobs and workplaces
- Physical spaces
- Digital content and tech (like websites and apps)
- Communications
- Buying goods and services
- Public programs
- Transportation
What makes the ACA especially strong is that it was shaped by people with disabilities, organizations, and community leaders. It’s not just a set of rules—it’s a promise to include all Canadians in every part of life.

Who Needs to Comply with the ACA?

The ACA applies to federally regulated organizations. This includes:
- Government departments and agencies
- Crown corporations (like Canada Post or CBC)
- Banks and federal financial institutions
- Telecom companies (like phone and internet providers)
- Airlines, railways, and ferries
- Parliament (Senate and House of Commons)
If you fall into one of these categories, you must follow the ACA. But even if you don’t—say you run a private business or work under a provincial law—following the ACA is still a smart move. It can reduce legal risk, build trust with customers, and improve everyone’s experience with your website.

The Real-World Impact of Web Accessibility

Yes, the ACA is a law. But it’s also about something much deeper: inclusion.

When your website is accessible, it’s easier for everyone to use—not just people with disabilities. Think about clear navigation, readable fonts, and keyboard-friendly features. These help:
- Older adults
- People using screen readers
- Those with low vision or color blindness
- Anyone using voice commands or assistive devices
Accessible sites also rank better on search engines, reach wider audiences, and show you care about being fair and welcoming. That’s good for business and even better for community trust.

ACA Web Accessibility Standards and Guidelines

To follow the ACA, many organizations use a standard called WCAG 2.1 Level AA (Web Content Accessibility Guidelines). While the ACA doesn’t make this mandatory, it’s the most recognized guide for creating accessible websites.

WCAG helps you cover:
- Text alternatives for images (like alt text)
- Keyboard access for people who can’t use a mouse
- Readable color contrast and font sizes
- Clear layout and structure
Another tool is EN 301 549, a European standard adopted in Canada. It adds more guidance for software, hardware, and mobile apps.

Using WCAG and EN 301 549 shows you’re serious about accessibility—and helps prove ACA compliance if questions ever come up.

Who Enforces the ACA—and What Happens If You Don’t Comply?

Different agencies oversee different sectors:
- Accessibility Commissioner: Reviews complaints and enforces penalties
- Canadian Transportation Agency: Handles transport issues
- CRTC: Monitors telecom and broadcasting
- FPSLREB: Focuses on federal workplace issues
If you break the rules under the ACA, you could face:
- Fines up to $250,000 per violation
- Compliance orders or warnings
- Corrective action agreements
It’s much easier—and smarter—to stay ahead of the curve.

How to Meet Web Accessibility Requirements

Start With an Audit

Use automated tools, but don’t stop there. Pair them with real human testing—especially from people with disabilities.

Design with accessibility in mind:
- Add text descriptions to images
- Make sure all parts of your site work with a keyboard
- Use simple, readable fonts
- Keep contrast between text and background strong
Get Feedback From User

People with lived experience can help you spot issues you may have missed.

Test Everything

Don’t forget about PDFs, videos, and mobile apps—they all need to meet ACA goals, too.

ACA Reporting and Documentation

If you’re federally regulated, the ACA says you must publish:
- An Accessibility Plan: This outlines how you’ll find and remove barriers, and must include input from people with disabilities.
- Progress Reports: Regular updates that show what’s been done and what’s next.
These aren’t just paperwork. They’re proof that you’re doing the work—and thinking long-term.

How to File an ACA Complaint

If someone feels a business or organization is breaking the ACA, they can file a complaint. The steps include:
1. Find the right agency (such as the Accessibility Commissioner or CTA)
2. Submit the complaint online or in another accessible way
3. Take part in any follow-up investigations
This system helps ensure people have a voice and that organizations stay accountable.

Other Accessibility Laws in Canada

Even if the ACA doesn’t apply to your business, provincial laws might. Here are some examples:
- AODA – Ontario
- AMA – Manitoba
- Nova Scotia Accessibility Act
- Accessible British Columbia Act
- Newfoundland and Labrador Accessibility Act
Many of these laws include WCAG requirements and share similar goals with the ACA: to make sure everyone, regardless of ability, can fully participate in society.

Helpful Tools and Support

You don’t have to do this alone. Many resources can help:
- CASDO (Canadian Accessibility Standards Development Organization): Creates national accessibility standards
- W3C (World Wide Web Consortium): Offers WCAG guidelines and support
- Testing tools: Use screen readers, color contrast checkers, and simulators to evaluate your site
- Ongoing training: Keep your team up to date with the latest best practices
Make Accessibility a Core Part of What You Do

Complying with the ACA isn’t about checking boxes. It’s about helping all people feel seen, heard, and included—online and beyond.

You don’t need to get everything perfect overnight. But you do need to start. The ACA sets a strong foundation, and taking action now puts you on the right path.

At 216digital, we understand the technical side of accessibility—and the human side, too. Whether you need an audit, a plan, or long-term strategy, we’re ready to help.

Let’s work together to make the web a better place for everyone.

Schedule your free consultation today and take the first step toward ACA compliance.
Greg McNeil

April 29, 2025

Legal Compliance

ACA, Accessibility, ADA Website Compliance, Canada, International Accessibility Laws, Website Accessibility
How Often Should You Audit Your Website for Accessibility?
You’ve already put in the effort to make your website accessible—and that’s no small thing. But accessibility isn’t something you fix once and forget. As your site evolves, even small changes can introduce new issues. That’s where regular check-ins come in. A web accessibility audit helps you catch problems early, stay aligned with current standards, and keep your site working for everyone.

So how often should you audit your site to maintain that progress? The answer depends on what’s changing—and when. In this article, we’ll break down the key moments when an audit makes sense, the risks of letting things slide, and how ongoing monitoring can help you stay ahead.

Why Web Accessibility Audits Are Critical

A web accessibility audit reviews your website’s design, code, and content to identify barriers that could make it hard—or even impossible—for people with disabilities to use your site. These audits typically test against the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) standards, the ADA (Americans with Disabilities Act), and other regulations.

The risks of not auditing regularly are real for small to midsize businesses. Over the past few years, digital accessibility lawsuits have skyrocketed. In 2024 alone, more than 4,000 web accessibility lawsuits were filed under the ADA—and many of those targeted businesses that were unaware they had an issue.

The cost of defending even a small ADA lawsuit can easily reach tens of thousands of dollars, not to mention the damage to your brand’s reputation. Proactive audits help you spot and fix issues early, keeping your business protected and your customers happy.

When Should You Audit Your Website for Accessibility?

While accessibility should be baked into your website maintenance plan, certain milestones require a full web accessibility audit.

1. After a Website Redesign or Major Update

If you’ve recently rebranded, relaunched, or significantly redesigned your site, it’s critical to schedule a full accessibility audit. Even small navigation, layout, or feature changes can unintentionally introduce new barriers. Testing right after major updates ensures you catch and fix issues before customers encounter them—and before a potential lawsuit arises.

2. Before Launching New Features or Products

Rolling out a new e-commerce section? Adding a chatbot? Introducing video content or online booking? Before new features go live, a web accessibility audit should be part of your quality assurance checklist.

New code, third-party integrations, and interactive tools can create accessibility gaps. Testing pre-launch helps ensure all users can interact with the new elements, no matter what device or assistive technology they’re using.

3. Annually (at Minimum)

Even if your site hasn’t changed much, accessibility standards, best practices, and legal expectations evolve over time. Conducting a comprehensive web accessibility audit at least once a year ensures your site complies with current WCAG standards (currently WCAG 2.1 and moving toward 2.2) and applicable regulations.

Think of it like an annual checkup for your digital presence: it’s much easier and cheaper to maintain accessibility than to fix major problems down the road.

4. After User Feedback or Complaints

If a customer or visitor flags an accessibility issue, that’s a signal to audit right away—not just the problem area but the entire site. User feedback is invaluable because it often reveals real-world issues automated scans might miss. Addressing concerns quickly shows that your business takes accessibility seriously and is committed to serving all users.

5. When Laws or Guidelines Change

New accessibility laws, updates to WCAG standards, or changes in court interpretations can raise the bar for compliance. For instance, the Department of Justice recently released new guidance for web accessibility under Title II of the ADA. When legal standards shift, a fresh audit can make sure you’re aligned with the latest requirements.

Why Ongoing Monitoring Matters

While annual or event-based audits are critical, they’re not enough. Websites are dynamic—they grow, change, and update constantly. New products, marketing campaigns, and blog posts can all introduce accessibility problems over time.

That’s where ongoing accessibility monitoring comes in.

At 216digital, we developed a11y.Radar, a proactive monitoring service that continuously scans your site for accessibility issues. a11y.Radar doesn’t replace manual audits (human expertise is still key!), but it acts as an early warning system—catching errors before they snowball into bigger problems.

With a11y.Radar, you can:
- Receive real-time alerts about accessibility regressions
- Track ongoing improvements
- Maintain continuous WCAG compliance
- Reduce your risk of surprise lawsuits
This approach helps you move from a reactive stance (“fix it after a lawsuit”) to a proactive one (“prevent lawsuits by staying accessible”).

The Cost of Skipping Regular Web Accessibility Audits

Many small to midsize businesses skip regular accessibility audits because of perceived costs or time commitments. But the truth is, not auditing can cost far more.

Ignoring accessibility can lead to:
- ADA lawsuits and expensive legal settlements
- Court-ordered website remediation under tight (and expensive) deadlines
- Loss of customers who can’t use your site
- Negative publicity and damage to your brand’s reputation
- Higher remediation costs later, compared to maintaining accessibility from the start
Investing in regular audits and monitoring is like insurance for your website—and your business future.

How 216digital Can Help You Stay Compliant

At 216digital, we specialize in helping businesses of all sizes navigate the world of web accessibility with confidence. Our phased approach includes:
- Risk Mitigation Audits: A focused first-pass audit to quickly catch and fix high-risk issues.
- Real World Accessibility Audits: Deep manual testing with screen readers, keyboard-only navigation, and assistive technologies to find real-world barriers.
- Ongoing Monitoring with a11y.Radar: Continuous scanning and reporting to help you maintain compliance and stay ahead of risks.
We believe accessibility isn’t a one-time project—it’s an ongoing commitment. That’s why our services are designed to be flexible, scalable, and tailored to your business needs.

Whether starting from scratch, redesigning your website, or needing help managing compliance over time, 216digital can help you build and maintain a site that works for everyone—and protects your business simultaneously.

Keep Progress on Track with Confidence

Accessibility is never truly finished—but that’s a good thing. It means you have an opportunity to keep improving, keep welcoming, and keep your business open to everyone. Staying compliant isn’t about chasing checklists—it’s about maintaining the trust you’ve already worked hard to earn.If you’re wondering whether now is the right time for your next audit, it probably is. A quick conversation can help clarify where you stand and what steps make sense next. Schedule a free ADA accessibility briefing with 216digital, and let’s keep your site moving forward—securely, inclusively, and confidently.
Greg McNeil

April 28, 2025

Testing & Remediation

Accessibility, Accessibility Audit, Accessibility testing, automated testing, manual audit, Manual Testing, Website Accessibility
Building Trust Through Data Privacy and Accessibility
Picture this: you’re on a checkout page, ready to buy, when a wall of legal text blocks the button and your screen reader can’t even find the “accept” link. Do you trust that site? Most shoppers don’t—and they bail. Privacy and accessibility shouldn’t be an either-or proposition; handled together, they build instant confidence.

Too often, users are forced to choose between protecting their personal information and navigating a website with ease. A confusing privacy policy here, an inaccessible cookie banner there—and just like that, trust starts to slip. At their core, data privacy and accessibility both ask the same questions: Are we being clear? Are we giving people control? Are we including everyone? When these two efforts work together, they create a better experience for every user.

This article explores how to align your site’s approach to data privacy and accessibility, why it matters, and what steps your team can take to build real trust from the very first click.

Why Data Privacy and Accessibility Align

Data privacy is about protecting what you learn from your visitors. Accessibility is about making sure they can actually use your website. On the surface, these may seem like different goals, but they share three core principles:
- Transparency – Tell users what you do.
- Control – Let them decide how much to share.
- Inclusion – Make every tool usable.
When people understand your policies and can reach every corner of your site—whether by mouse, keyboard, or screen reader—they’re more likely to stick around, make purchases, and return again.

A Quick Primer on U.S. Privacy Rules

Let’s zoom in for a moment on data privacy laws in the U.S. Several states now give residents clear rights over their data. The California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) and its update, the CPRA, let users see, delete, or limit the sale of their personal details. Colorado, Connecticut, Utah, Virginia, and Oregon have passed similar laws.

Even if your company isn’t based in one of these states, chances are good that someone from those areas is visiting your site. Following the most comprehensive rules isn’t just about compliance—it’s the safest and smartest path forward for your brand.

What Accessibility Means Online

Accessibility means ensuring people with visual, hearing, motor, or cognitive disabilities can use your site. The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) spell out how to do this, with best practices like:
- Keyboard navigation
- Clear headings and layout
- Adequate color contrast
- Captions or transcripts for videos and audio
It’s not just about doing the right thing. Courts have increasingly linked the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) to public-facing websites. That makes accessibility both a quality goal and a legal imperative.

Where the Two Worlds Meet

Want to see where data privacy and accessibility collide? Just look at your cookie banner.

This is often the first thing visitors see—and it’s where trust can break in two. If the banner traps keyboard focus, lacks contrast, or can’t be closed without a mouse, users who rely on assistive tech may bounce before they even get started. In that moment, data privacy controls fail, and usability collapses.

It’s a missed opportunity. Done well, that same banner could build credibility and demonstrate respect—for choice and access alike.

Four Places Trust Can Break

Let’s look at four areas of your site where trust is most likely to falter—and how to fix it before it does.

1. Consent & Cookie Pop-Ups: The Front Door of Trust
- Say it out loud. Code the banner so screen readers announce the headline first—not the fine print.
- Keep the keyboard in the room. Maintain a clear focus ring so keyboard users never lose track.
- Use plain language. Simple buttons like “Accept,” “Decline,” and “Customize” make choices obvious.
2. Forms and Checkout
- Ask for only what you need. Don’t overreach with your data collection.
- Pair every field with a label. Avoid using placeholder text alone.
- Flag errors clearly. Use both text and color, and link error messages back to the form fields.
3. Analytics and Tracking
- Honor Do Not Track signals. Respect user intent where it’s expressed.
- Add opt-out links. Put them in your footer and make them keyboard accessible.
- Anonymize IPs. Avoid tying activity to identifiable users when possible.
4. Content Files
- Tag your PDFs. Make them searchable and readable.
- Scrub personal info. Clean downloadable files of names or sensitive data.
- Write great alt text. Describe visuals without exposing private details.
These aren’t extras—they’re basics. Nail them, and you’ll show visitors you care about both their data privacy and their ability to engage.

Building a Cross-Team Trust Framework

Trust isn’t built in one department—it’s a team effort. But in many organizations, legal, development, and marketing work in silos. That’s a recipe for gaps.

Instead, bring everyone to the table with shared goals:
- Legal writes policies in clear, eighth-grade reading level language. Add a short “Plain English Summary” at the top.
- Developers turn policy into practice. They build with WCAG 2.2 AA in mind, test with screen readers, and verify keyboard accessibility.
- Marketing respects consent signals. They use analytics tools that focus on aggregated data and avoid building detailed user profiles.
Hold short monthly standups. Each group should report progress on bounce rate, opt-out rate, and accessibility errors. When everyone has a number to own, priorities align.

Action Plan in Seven Steps

A combined data privacy and accessibility strategy doesn’t have to be complicated. Here’s a quick-start checklist:
1. Map every data touchpoint. Include forms, chats, analytics tools, and third-party scripts.
2. Run a joint audit. One checklist, two goals. Avoid duplicate work.
3. Fix high-risk issues first. Broken keyboard access on a checkout form can cost you sales—and get you sued.
4. Choose a consent platform that meets WCAG. Look for keyboard support and scalable font sizes.
5. Rewrite dense policy pages. Use short sentences, descriptive headers, and bullet points.
6. Train your team. Cover accessibility and data privacy in new hire orientation and quarterly refreshers.
7. Publish a changelog. Tell users when you update how their data is handled or how the site works. It shows you’re transparent.
Measuring Success

Trust is hard to measure—but not impossible. Here are a few indicators that your efforts are paying off:
- Fewer support tickets about navigation or login issues
- Lower cart abandonment rates
- Higher sign-ups after revising consent forms
- Better survey results when asking if users feel safe and included
Small gains in these areas show you’re on the right track. Over time, they compound into stronger customer relationships.

Final Thoughts

Trust isn’t just a design trend—it’s a survival strategy in modern e-commerce. When data privacy and accessibility go hand in hand, you create a website that feels safe, respectful, and inclusive.

And that kind of experience builds loyalty.

If you’d like a second set of eyes on both privacy and accessibility, let’s talk. At 216digital, we specialize in aligning accessibility and data privacy from the ground up. Together, we can help you build a site that earns trust from the first click—and keeps it long after the page loads.
Greg McNeil

April 25, 2025

Legal Compliance, Web Design & Development

California Consumer Privacy Act, data privacy, WCAG, web development, Website Accessibility
8 Must-Know Real World Accessibility Facts
Imagine your online store is polished, your marketing campaigns are humming, and the checkout button is ready for clicks—yet one out of every four visitors can’t complete a purchase because the site trips them up. They might rely on a screen reader that can’t parse your menus, or a keyboard that gets trapped in a popup. Multiply that frustration by 70 million Americans with disabilities, and the gap becomes impossible to ignore.

That gap is what we call real world accessibility—the difference between a site that merely exists and one that truly works for everyone. If you’re a busy business owner or marketing lead, you don’t need another technical lecture. You need clear facts, plain language, and a practical path forward.

The eight statistics ahead will show why accessibility isn’t optional anymore—it’s a smart move for growth, trust, and peace of mind.

1. 70 Million Adults in the U.S. Live With a Disability

Let’s start with the big one: 1 in 4 adults in the U.S. has a disability. That includes people with mobility challenges, vision or hearing loss, cognitive differences like ADHD or dyslexia, and more.

This isn’t just about permanent conditions either. Temporary disabilities—like recovering from surgery—or situational ones—like trying to use a website on a cracked phone screen—also affect how people experience your site.

Real world accessibility means your website should work for everyone, right out of the gate. If 25% of your market couldn’t open your front door, you’d fix it. The same should apply to your digital front door.

2. People With Disabilities Influence Over $7 Trillion in Spending Power

According to the Global Economics of Disability Report, people with disabilities hold $1.3 trillion in direct disposable income. When you include their families and friends who often shop with their needs in mind, that number jumps to over $7 trillion.

This isn’t a small segment. It’s a major market force.

If you’re not prioritizing real world accessibility, you’re leaving money on the table. Businesses that bake inclusion into their design often win lifelong customers—not just because it’s the right thing to do, but because it’s also smart business.

3. Accessibility Impacts Buying Decisions for the Majority of Users

Here’s something every eCommerce business should know:
- 83% of users with access needs limit their shopping to websites they know are accessible.
- 71% leave a site entirely if it’s hard to use.
Most won’t leave feedback. They’ll just disappear.

That means your site could be working against you—and you might not even realize it. Real world accessibility is tied directly to conversion rates, customer loyalty, and user trust. If your checkout form isn’t keyboard-friendly or your product descriptions aren’t screen reader accessible, you could be quietly losing sales.

4. WCAG-Compliant Sites Outperform by 50%

Websites that follow WCAG (Web Content Accessibility Guidelines) outperform competitors by up to 50%. Why? Because accessible sites are cleaner, easier to navigate, mobile-friendly, and better for SEO.

These improvements benefit everyone—not just people with disabilities. Faster load times, simpler layouts, and more intuitive design aren’t just accessibility wins—they’re usability wins.

When you take real world accessibility seriously, you’re not just avoiding issues. You’re building a stronger, more future-ready digital presence.

5. 94.8% of Homepages Are Inaccessible in 2025

WebAIM’s 2025 report found that nearly 95% of websites fail basic accessibility checks. That’s almost every homepage on the internet.

What does “inaccessible” look like in the real world?
- Buttons that don’t work with a keyboard
- Low contrast text that’s hard to read
- Forms without labels that screen readers can’t interpret
Real world accessibility problems aren’t always obvious—but they’re frustrating for users and damaging to your brand. Fixing them means fewer bounce rates, better user engagement, and a more welcoming experience for everyone.

6. eCommerce Sites Have Some of the Worst Accessibility Scores

If you’re running an online store, this one’s for you. WebAIM found these average issue counts per homepage:
- Shopify: 69.6
- WooCommerce: 75.6
- Magento: 85.4
That’s a lot of potential roadblocks for customers trying to shop.

Even popular platforms have major flaws. Real world accessibility isn’t baked into every theme or plugin—and adding new features can sometimes make things worse. The more customized your site is, the more important it is to audit for accessibility regularly.

7. Over 4,000 ADA Website Accessibility Lawsuits Were Filed in 2024

Accessibility isn’t just about user experience—it’s about legal risk, too. In 2024:
- 2,400 lawsuits were filed in federal court
- 1,600 in state courts
- 961 involved repeat defendants
That last stat is key: businesses that don’t fix issues after being sued are getting hit again.

Real world accessibility helps you stay out of the courtroom and focus on serving your customers. A proactive strategy can save you time, money, and major headaches.

8. ADA Title III Lawsuits Aren’t Slowing Down in 2025

This year, accessibility lawsuits are expected to rise. Why?
- The law currently favors plaintiffs.
- The federal government is rolling back new regulations.
- “Serial litigation” is becoming more common.
Waiting for clear rules before acting is risky. Businesses that put accessibility off are more likely to become targets. Investing in real world accessibility now protects you in the long run—and shows customers you care.

Accessibility Is a Smart Business Strategy

Let’s be honest—this stuff can feel overwhelming. You’ve got a million things on your plate already. But here’s the good news: real world accessibility doesn’t have to be perfect from day one. It just has to be in motion.

Start by learning. Then take action—small steps, big impact.

At 216digital, we believe accessibility is more than a checkbox—it’s a competitive edge. Our team combines human expertise with tools like a11y.Radar to help you identify, fix, and monitor accessibility issues—before they turn into lost sales or legal risk.

Want help getting started?
Schedule your free ADA Accessibility Briefing today, and let’s build a better web—one that works for everyone.
Greg McNeil

April 24, 2025

The Benefits of Web Accessibility, Web Accessibility Remediation

Accessibility, real world accessibility, Web Accessibility, WebAIM, Website Accessibility
Website Accessibility: Unlock the $1 Trillion Boomer Market
Let’s cut to it: lawsuits are on the rise, the DOJ is getting louder, and still, website accessibility is falling behind. According to the 2024 WebAIM Million Report, over 96% of home pages leave basic users behind.

Now, here’s the twist—this isn’t just about users with disabilities. As Baby Boomers age, they’re bumping into the same digital roadblocks: tiny fonts, confusing layouts, and missing captions. The generation with the most wealth and buying power is being quietly shut out of online experiences.

That’s not just a problem. It’s a missed opportunity—one your business doesn’t have to make.

The Boomer Market Isn’t Just Big—It’s Engaged

Baby Boomers control over half of U.S. household wealth and spend more than $548 billion annually—54% more than Gen X. This isn’t just a large demographic—it’s one of the most financially influential.

And despite common assumptions, they’re anything but offline. Boomers were early adopters of desktop computers and used digital tools throughout their careers. COVID only accelerated their tech use: more than 75% relied on digital platforms to stay connected. Today, they’re the fastest-growing demographic on Facebook and actively shop, research, and consume content online.

But even with their high engagement, 42% of Boomers feel today’s tech isn’t designed with them in mind. That’s telling. They’re using your website—but they’re noticing the friction. They’re experiencing the same usability challenges as people with disabilities: small fonts, poor contrast, complex navigation, and inaccessible features.

That disconnect isn’t just frustrating—it’s costing you revenue.

Website Accessibility Serves Boomers and Beyond

When you improve website accessibility, you’re not only helping people with disabilities. You’re also meeting the needs of aging users whose vision, hearing, and motor skills may be declining. And let’s be honest—those needs overlap more than most businesses realize.

From low-contrast text and missing alt tags to menus that don’t work with screen readers or keyboards, these digital obstacles show up for both groups. Combine 61 million Americans with disabilities and 71 million Boomers, and you’re looking at over $1 trillion in buying power. That’s not a niche audience—that’s your core market, quietly looking elsewhere when your site isn’t built for them.

The Clock Is Ticking on Compliance

If all of that weren’t reason enough, the legal pressure is mounting.

New federal guidelines now require state and local government websites to meet WCAG 2.1 AA standards by 2026 under ADA Title II. Colorado passed HB 21-1110, mandating compliance at the state level. And the European Accessibility Act kicks in by July 2025, meaning even U.S. businesses that serve EU citizens need to be ready.

Digital accessibility is no longer optional. The more you delay, the more risk your organization takes on—from lawsuits and demand letters to PR backlash. But on the flip side, getting ahead of it shows leadership, social responsibility, and long-term thinking.

And let’s not forget the DEI angle. If you’ve made public commitments to Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion, accessibility has to be part of that strategy. Your digital spaces should reflect the same values you promote in your hiring, culture, and customer experience.

What You Gain by Getting Accessibility Right

Yes, website accessibility helps you avoid legal headaches. But the upside is bigger than just compliance. It’s about real business growth:
- You reach more people. Boomers, people with disabilities, and anyone using older tech or assistive tools can interact with your site more easily.
- You boost your brand’s reputation. When you show up for all of your customers, they take notice—and they talk about it.
- You improve your SEO. Accessible sites tend to follow best practices that also help with search rankings, like structured content and alt text.
- You future-proof your digital assets. Investing in accessibility now makes updates and compliance easier down the line—and helps you stay ready for whatever comes next.
How to Actually Make Accessibility Happen

Here’s the reality: true website accessibility doesn’t happen with one plugin or quick fix. It takes intention and the right approach. Start here:
1. Run a proper manual audit. Automated tools can only catch so much. A real audit includes human testing—often with screen readers and keyboard-only navigation.
2. Fix what matters, the right way. Work with qualified experts to remediate issues at the code level. Cosmetic workarounds don’t cut it.
3. Avoid accessibility overlays. They often break more than they fix, and they won’t protect you from legal claims.
4. Train your team. Designers, developers, and content creators should know the basics of accessibility and integrate it into their daily work.
5. Keep testing. Set up regular automated checks, but also schedule manual audits periodically—especially when updating your site.
6. Document your efforts. Maintain a clear paper trail of what you’ve done and when. It matters for internal accountability and external validation.
Keep on Scrollin’: Why Website Accessibility Pays

This isn’t just about doing the right thing—it’s about doing the smart thing. Boomers are online, they have money to spend, and they’re running into digital barriers that your business can easily remove. The same goes for millions of Americans living with disabilities. Together, they represent a massive—and often overlooked—market.

Website accessibility isn’t a checkbox. It’s a chance to serve more people, grow your business, and future-proof your brand.

At 216digital, we specialize in helping brands like yours turn accessibility into a competitive advantage. From audits to remediation to long-term strategy, we’re here to help you build a web experience that works for everyone—and pays off in real results.

Want to unlock the trillion-dollar Boomer market? Let’s get started. Contact 216digital today.
Greg McNeil

April 23, 2025

The Benefits of Web Accessibility

Accessibility, Benefits of Web Accessibility, Digital Marketing, Marketing, Web Accessibility, Website Accessibility
UK Accessibility Laws: What You Need to Know
Have you ever clicked on a website that just didn’t work the way it should? Maybe the text was hard to read, the buttons didn’t respond, or a pop-up blocked the screen with no way to close it. Now imagine facing those kinds of barriers every single day.

For more than 16 million people in the UK living with a disability, this isn’t just an occasional frustration — it’s a constant roadblock. And when websites and digital tools aren’t built with accessibility in mind, they can shut people out entirely.

In the UK, accessibility isn’t just a nice idea. It’s the law. If you run a website, app, or digital service, it’s important to understand the accessibility laws that apply — and what you can do to comply.

1. The UK Accessibility Laws

The Equality Act 2010

This foundational law underpins all UK accessibility laws. It applies to both public and private organizations and protects individuals from discrimination.

If you sell products, offer services, or manage a digital platform, you’re expected to make “reasonable adjustments” so people with disabilities can access what you offer. That includes websites and mobile apps.

Although the law doesn’t spell out technical details, UK courts and regulators typically point to the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) as the benchmark for compliance.

Public Sector Bodies Accessibility Regulations 2018

These regulations strengthen the Equality Act by applying specific digital requirements to public sector websites and apps. They mandate compliance with WCAG 2.1 Level AA (updated to WCAG 2.2 AA), and require public bodies to:
- Publish an accessibility statement outlining compliance and known issues
- Audit their digital content regularly
- Continuously improve accessibility
These rules apply to government departments, NHS services, schools, and more — with a few exceptions, such as staff-only school websites and certain heritage content.

BS 8878: The UK Accessibility Standard

BS 8878 is a voluntary standard that provides a practical framework for including accessibility in digital projects. It encourages early planning, clear roles, and ongoing testing. While not a legal requirement, it’s a helpful guide for organizations building inclusive systems.

The European Accessibility Act (EAA)

Though the UK has left the EU, the EAA still matters for UK businesses that serve EU customers. If your digital products reach across borders, you may be subject to EU accessibility laws. Failing to comply can lead to legal and financial consequences. Planning for global accessibility from the start is the safest approach.

Understanding WCAG: The Global Accessibility Guide

WCAG are global standards established by the W3C to enhance web accessibility for individuals with various disabilities, including those affecting vision, hearing, mobility, and cognition.

WCAG is designed to help web developers, designers, and content creators make digital experiences usable for people with a wide range of disabilities — including visual, hearing, cognitive, and mobility challenges.

Even though WCAG isn’t a law in itself, it’s the benchmark that courts, regulators, and organizations across the UK (and globally) use to judge accessibility. In fact, both the Equality Act 2010 and the Public Sector Accessibility Regulations rely on WCAG as the go-to standard.

The most current version required by UK public sector regulations is WCAG 2.2 Level AA, though previous versions (like WCAG 2.1) are still widely referenced. Whether you’re in the public or private sector, aiming for Level AA is a smart and future-proof move.

The POUR Principles

WCAG is built around four guiding principles, known as POUR. They form the foundation of accessible digital design:
- Perceivable – Content must be presented in ways users can recognize
- Operable – Users must be able to interact with and navigate your site
- Understandable – Content and navigation must be clear and predictable
- Robust – Content must work across devices, browsers, and assistive technologies
Key WCAG Requirements

Some of the most impactful requirements include:
- Text alternatives for images and media
- Full keyboard navigation support
- Sufficient color contrast
- Clear heading structures and form labels
- Avoiding flashing or blinking content that could trigger seizures
What Compliance Actually Looks Like

Not sure where to begin? Start simple — and build from there.

Run an Accessibility Audit

Start with a self-assessment using tools like WAVE or Google Lighthouse for a high-level review. Follow that with manual testing — screen readers, keyboard-only navigation, and real user feedback can reveal deeper issues that automated tools miss.

Fix the Biggest Barriers First

Focus on fixes that make an immediate difference. This includes:
- Inaccessible forms
- Poor color contrast
- Missing alt text
- Non-descriptive links
- Broken keyboard navigation
These improvements can help people complete key tasks — like contacting you, booking a service, or completing a purchase.

Create and Publish an Accessibility Statement

Public sector organizations are required to do this, but private companies should consider it, too. A good statement includes:
- The WCAG level your site currently meets
- Any areas that still need improvement
- Contact information for accessibility issues
- Your plans for ongoing updates
Train Your Team

Accessibility isn’t just for developers. Writers, designers, marketers, and customer service teams all play a role. Provide training so everyone understands their part and knows how to apply best practices.

Integrate Accessibility into Every Project

The earlier you consider accessibility, the better. Include it in planning documents, design briefs, and test plans from the beginning. It’s easier (and more cost-effective) than fixing issues after launch.

Monitor and Maintain

Accessibility is not a “set it and forget it” task. Whenever you update your site, add a video, or launch a new form, test again. Keep your accessibility statement current, and consider partnering with a team that offers ongoing accessibility monitoring and support.

What Happens If You Don’t Comply With UK Accessibility Laws?

Failing to meet UK accessibility laws can have serious consequences:
- Legal action: Users can take legal steps under the Equality Act — and courts have ruled in their favor.
- Enforcement: Public sector websites are actively monitored and held accountable.
- Costly retrofits: Fixing issues after launch is far more expensive than designing accessibly from the start.
- Reputation risk: Exclusion hurts your brand — and word spreads.
- Lost business: Around 21% of the UK population lives with a disability. If your digital services aren’t accessible, you’re shutting out millions of potential customers.
Conclusion: You Don’t Have to Do This Alone

UK accessibility laws are clear — and so is the need for action. But this isn’t just about avoiding lawsuits. It’s about creating better, fairer digital spaces for everyone.

Accessibility is an investment in your site’s usability, your brand’s reputation, and your organization’s future. Prioritize it now, and you’ll not only meet the law — you’ll lead with inclusion.

At 216digital, we make the journey easier. From in-depth audits and team training to development support and monitoring, we help organizations meet accessibility laws and build digital experiences that work for everyone.

Need help meeting UK accessibility laws? Start with a free consultation from 216digital. Let’s build something better — together.
Greg McNeil

April 22, 2025

Legal Compliance

accessibility laws, International Accessibility Laws, UK, WCAG, WCAG 2.1, WCAG 2.2
The Role of Voice Search in Web Accessibility

You’ve probably asked your phone a question today without thinking twice. Maybe it was Siri checking the weather or Alexa queuing up your favorite playlist. That’s voice search doing its thing—and it’s woven into how we interact with the digital world now.

But here’s something you might not realize: the same structure that helps your site show up in voice search also makes it more accessible to people who use screen readers and other assistive tools. When we talk about building for voice technology, we’re also talking about building for inclusion.

Let’s dig into how these two ideas go hand in hand—and why getting your structure right is the secret sauce.

Getting on the Same Page: What Are Voice Search and Accessibility?

Voice search means using your voice to ask a device a question or give it a command. You might say, “What’s the weather like today?” or “Find gluten-free pizza near me.” Then Siri, Google Assistant, or Alexa takes your words, figures out what you meant, and pulls up the best answer.

Behind the scenes, voice search uses natural language processing (NLP) and smart algorithms to understand what you’re saying—even if you don’t use perfect grammar. It’s fast, hands-free, and often easier than typing—especially on small screens.

What Do We Mean by Accessibility?

Web accessibility means making websites usable for everyone—including people with visual, hearing, motor, or cognitive disabilities. That might mean someone uses a keyboard instead of a mouse or listens to a screen reader read out loud what’s on a page.

When we design for accessibility, we’re saying, “Hey, your ability shouldn’t limit your access to information.”

Where These Two Worlds Meet

Here’s the interesting part: the same choices that make your website accessible also help it work better for voice search. If your website is easy to read and well-organized, it’s easier for a voice assistant to grab your content and turn it into an answer. That’s the beauty of thoughtful design—it works for everyone.

Why Semantic Structure Is the Secret Ingredient

What Is Semantic Structure, and Why Should You Care?

Semantic HTML uses tags like <header>, <article>, and <nav> to describe what parts of your content mean—not just how they look. So, instead of using a <div> for everything, semantic structure helps define sections of your page in a meaningful way.

Why does this matter? Because both screen readers and voice search tools rely on that structure to understand your content. It’s like giving your website a roadmap.

Helping Screen Readers Do Their Job

When a person who is blind visits your site, they may use a screen reader to “hear” your content. Semantic HTML tells that screen reader, “Hey, this is a menu,” or “This is a headline.” Without that structure, the screen reader just sees a mess of code—and the user gets lost.

Boosting Your Content’s Voice Search Visibility

Search engines also use your page’s structure to figure out what it’s about. If your content is organized clearly, Google is more likely to surface it as a top answer when someone uses voice search. That means you’re helping users—and helping your business.

Making Your Website Voice-Friendly and Accessible

Use Clear, Logical Headings

Good headings help everyone navigate your content, whether they’re reading or listening. Think of your headers like signs on a hiking trail—they guide people through your information. A proper heading structure also makes it easier for voice search to understand what your content covers.

Let your headings follow a natural outline: start with <h1> for your main title, then <h2>, <h3>, and so on. This creates a roadmap that screen readers and voice assistants can follow with ease. No guessing. No confusion. Just clear, easy-to-scan information.

Don’t Skip the Alt Text

The alt text describes what’s in an image. This helps people who use screen readers, but it also helps search engines—and, by extension, voice assistants—figure out what your images are about. Well-written alt text is a win-win.

Think of it as giving your images a voice—so they’re not just seen but understood.

Make Navigation Intuitive

Menus should be simple, predictable, and keyboard-friendly. If someone can use a keyboard or screen reader to get around your site easily, it’s more likely that voice tech can too. Clear navigation helps everyone find what they need—faster.

Avoid clever layouts that might look nice visually but confuse assistive tools. Stick with patterns that are familiar and functional.

Mobile-First Means Voice-Ready

More people use voice search on mobile than on desktops. So if your site doesn’t work well on mobile, you’re missing out. Make sure buttons are easy to tap, content fits the screen, and nothing requires a mouse to work.

Voice users often multitask—cooking, driving, and walking the dog. If your mobile layout stumbles, so does your voice experience.

Speed Isn’t Optional

Slow sites hurt everyone—especially those using screen readers or voice assistants who expect fast answers. A quick-loading page means users get what they need without waiting, and voice search can grab your content more efficiently.

And let’s face it—no one likes waiting for a spinning wheel to load, whether you’re typing, tapping, or talking.

Content Tips That Work for Everyone—Humans and Machines

Write the Way People Talk

People don’t speak the same way they write essays. So, if you want to show up in voice search, write like you’re having a conversation. Use simple words. Short sentences. Ask and answer common questions the way real people would say them out loud.

Answer Questions Up Front

Most voice search queries are questions. So structure your content to answer those questions clearly, right at the top. Think of how someone might ask: “How do I bake a potato?” Then make sure your content responds directly: “To bake a potato, preheat your oven to 400°F…”

It’s not just helpful—it’s exactly what voice assistants are scanning for.

Use Schema Markup to Give Extra Context

Schema markup is a special kind of code that gives search engines more information about your content—whether it’s a recipe, an event, or a FAQ. Adding schema helps your chances of being chosen for a voice search response.

It’s like giving search engines a detailed map of your page—and better maps mean better directions for your users.

How to Make Your Website More Accessible (And Keep It That Way)

Start with the Guidelines

The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) are the gold standard for accessible web design. They cover everything from contrast ratios to keyboard navigation. Learn them. Use them. Live by them.

Run an Accessibility Audit

Even the best teams miss things. That’s why regular audits matter. Use free tools like WAVE by WebAIM or Google Lighthouse to find common issues. Or better yet, partner with a team like 216digital to run a full audit and get expert help fixing what matters most.

Train Your Team

Accessibility isn’t just the dev team’s job. Everyone who touches your website—designers, developers, writers—should know basic accessibility best practices. Make it part of your process, not an afterthought.

Keep Learning and Adapting

The internet changes. So do the rules. Stay updated on WCAG changes, and keep checking your site to make sure it stays compliant and user-friendly.

Monitor Accessibility Over Time

Tools like 216digital’s a11y.Radar helps you stay ahead of problems. Ongoing monitoring means fewer surprises, better user experiences, and less risk.

Hey Siri, Let’s Wrap This Up

At the end of the day, building an accessible website makes it easier for everyone to use—including people talking to their phones. Voice search and accessibility rely on the same thing: clear structure, thoughtful design, and content that makes sense to both people and machines.

Whether you’re a developer, designer, marketer, or writer, now’s the time to build with both in mind. Because the future of the web isn’t just visual—it’s vocal.

Ready to make your website more accessible, voice-search friendly, and future-ready?

216digital can help you every step of the way—from accessibility audits and developer training to ongoing monitoring with our a11y.Radar service. Contact us today to start building a more inclusive digital experience.

Greg McNeil

April 21, 2025

The Benefits of Web Accessibility

Accessibility, Digital Marketing, Marketing, SEO, voice search, Web Accessibility, Website Accessibility
Accessible Form Validation: A Developer’s Guide
Forms are everywhere—login screens, signups, feedback surveys, checkout pages. They’re a cornerstone of user interaction on the web. But here’s the thing: if users can’t fill them out easily and accurately, your form isn’t just failing them—it’s failing your business.

That’s where accessible forms come in. Accessible forms aren’t just about ticking boxes for compliance—they’re about creating better experiences for everyone. Whether someone is using a screen reader, navigating with a keyboard, or dealing with cognitive or motor disabilities, your form should guide, inform, and support them from first click to final submit.

This guide will walk you through the essentials of accessible form validation, based on WCAG guidelines 3.3.1 through 3.3.4. No legalese—just practical advice you can implement today.

Meet the Guidelines: WCAG 3.3.1 to 3.3.4

Let’s simplify the four WCAG success criteria most relevant to form validation:
- 3.3.1 Error Identification: If something goes wrong, users need to know what happened and where it happened.
- 3.3.2 Labels or Instructions: Don’t make users guess. Tell them what’s required.
- 3.3.3 Error Suggestion: If they make a mistake, suggest how to fix it. Don’t just point and shake your digital finger.
- 3.3.4 Error Prevention: For serious forms (like taxes, legal documents, or financial data), build in checks to stop mistakes before they happen.
Together, these guidelines form the foundation of truly accessible forms.

Labeling: The First Step Toward Clarity

Every good form starts with clear, semantic labeling. You’re not just adding text—you’re defining meaning and context for both users and assistive technologies.
- Use the <label> element, and link it to the input with for="input-id" and id="input-id".
- Place labels above the form field, not beside or inside. It’s easier to scan and better supported by screen readers.
- Be concise but descriptive. Instead of “Name,” try “Full Name (First and Last).”
Skipping proper labels is one of the fastest ways to make your form inaccessible—and one of the easiest problems to fix.

Inline Error Messaging: Real-Time Feedback That Actually Helps

Don’t let users fill out a whole form only to learn they messed up three fields. Inline validation catches issues in real time, helping users correct them before they submit.
- Position error messages near the field—ideally right below or beside it.
- Keep the language helpful and plain: “Password must be at least 8 characters.”
- Use aria-live="polite" to announce error messages as they appear for screen readers.
This creates accessible forms that support users proactively instead of punishing them after the fact.

Don’t Skip aria-describedby

Want to add help text, error messages, or extra instructions that screen readers can pick up? Use aria-describedby.

This attribute lets you associate one or more descriptions with a form control. It’s a game-changer for accessible forms, especially when validation feedback or detailed guidance is involved.

Example:
```
<input id="email" aria-describedby="emailHelp emailError">
<small id="emailHelp">We'll never share your email.</small>
<span id="emailError">Email is required.</span>
```
You can dynamically update which IDs are referenced based on validation state, ensuring that assistive tech users always get the right context.

About Placeholders: Don’t Rely on Them Alone

We’ve all seen it: fields with placeholder text like “Enter your email,” and no label in sight. Here’s the problem: placeholders disappear as soon as users start typing—and that’s bad news for accessibility.

Use placeholders for examples, not for instruction.
- ✅ “example@example.com” is fine.
- ❌ “Enter your email address” as your only guidance? Not okay.
Also, watch your contrast ratios. Light gray placeholder text on a white background might look trendy, but it can fail WCAG color contrast guidelines—especially for users with low vision.

Smart Form Validation

Validation is about more than catching errors—it’s about building trust. If your form is flaky, unclear, or inconsistent, users will bounce.
- Use client-side validation (like HTML5 validation or JavaScript) for instant feedback.
- Always back it up with server-side validation to catch anything missed and guard against malicious input.
- Block submission until all required fields are valid—and clearly explain why a field isn’t.
Whether it’s a missed checkbox or a mistyped phone number, your form should guide users toward fixing the issue—not leave them guessing.

Crafting Helpful, Accessible Error Messages

Bad error messages are like bad customer service: unhelpful, vague, and frustrating. Let’s fix that.
- Be specific: “Username is required” > “Error.”
- Never rely on color alone (like red borders) to indicate problems. Use symbols (like ❗), text, or both.
- Keep error placement consistent—typically below the input or in the same visual region.
- Use simple language. If someone has to decode your error message, it’s not helping.
This clarity benefits everyone—from screen reader users to someone filling out your form on a noisy subway.

Test It Like You Mean It

Automated tools are great, but they only catch part of the picture.

Start with:
- Lighthouse for quick audits.
- WAVE for spotting contrast or structural issues.
Then go deeper:
- Run through the form with keyboard only—can you reach and complete every field?
- Try it with a screen reader (VoiceOver, NVDA, JAWS). Does it announce labels, instructions, and errors?
- Ideally, test with real users with disabilities. There’s no substitute for lived experience.
Accessible forms are never a “one-and-done” task. They’re a process—build, test, refine, repeat.

Keep Moving Toward More Accessible Forms

Every form you build is an opportunity to include—or exclude—someone. Whether it’s a simple newsletter signup or a detailed application, accessible forms ensure everyone gets a fair shot at completing the task.

This isn’t just about compliance. It’s about craftsmanship. It’s about building smarter, kinder digital experiences—ones that don’t leave users behind.

Need help building forms that meet WCAG standards and feel good to use? Connect with 216digital. We’ll help you create, audit, and refine accessible forms that work for every user—and every device.
Greg McNeil

April 18, 2025

How-to Guides

Accessibility, ADA Compliance, forms, How-to, WCAG, Web Accessibility, web development, Website Accessibility
Who Needs Web Accessibility Training?
Think about all the hands that shape a website before it goes live.

A designer sketches the layout. A content writer crafts the story. A developer brings it to life. A marketer promotes it. A project manager keeps the wheels turning. But if even one person in that chain doesn’t understand the basics of accessibility, the final experience can fall short for someone trying to navigate with a screen reader, keyboard, or other assistive tools.

Accessibility issues don’t usually happen because people don’t care—they happen because people don’t know what to look for. That’s why accessibility training isn’t just for developers or tech teams. It’s for everyone who shapes the digital experience—from strategy to support.

When teams understand their role, accessibility becomes part of the process—not a last-minute fix. And that’s when real progress begins.

Why Broader Accessibility Training Matters

Accessibility barriers often hide in plain sight. A confusing heading can trip up a screen reader. An auto‑playing video can trap a keyboard user. Each issue might start with a different team, so solving them requires shared awareness and a shared skill set.

When every role learns the basics, good habits form early. This lowers future repair costs, speeds up projects, and reduces legal risk. Just as important—it sends a clear message: “Our doors are open to everyone.”

Who Should Learn—and What They Need to Know

Here’s how accessibility training benefits each team involved in your digital presence.

1. Executives and Senior Leaders

What they do: Set vision, approve budgets, choose partners.

Why they train: Training helps leaders connect accessibility to results—larger audiences, stronger brand trust, and measurable ROI. They also learn how setting clear goals and timelines keeps inclusion on track.

2. Designers and UX Teams

What they do: Choose colors, type, layouts, and flows.

Why they train: Design choices determine whether text is readable, buttons are reachable, and flows make sense. Training covers contrast, consistent icon labels, logical headings, and visible focus indicators.

3. Developers and Engineers

What they do: Write and test code.

Why they train: Developers learn how to apply semantic HTML, ARIA roles, keyboard support, and accessible error handling. Even seasoned coders benefit from updated WCAG guidance and modern tooling.

4. Content Creators and Editors

What they do: Write blog posts, help articles, PDFs, and product pages.

Why they train: Clear headings, plain language, and helpful alt text transform raw info into inclusive content. Training includes quick checks for reading level, link clarity, and captioned media.

5. Marketers and Social Media Managers

What they do: Create campaigns, videos, landing pages, and emails.

Why they train: Marketing moves fast, and small oversights spread wide. Training ensures captions are added, visuals are described, and flashing graphics are avoided—protecting both reach and user safety.

6. Quality‑Assurance Testers

What they do: Validate features before launch.

Why they train: QA staff learn how to run both automated scans and manual checks with keyboards and screen readers. Catching issues here prevents costly post-launch fixes.

7. Product and Project Managers

What they do: Gather requirements, plan sprints, and manage scope.

Why they train: They learn to include accessibility in acceptance criteria and timelines, and track progress against WCAG standards—making sure nothing slips through.

8. Customer Support Teams

What they do: Handle questions and feedback.

Why they train: Support agents are often the first to hear about accessibility barriers. Training helps them log issues clearly, guiding meaningful improvements.

Building a Culture of Learning

Workshops are a great start—but lasting accessibility comes from weaving training into everyday workflows. Here’s how to keep that momentum alive:
- Start with a quick win: Host a one‑hour session on headings and alt text. Immediate impact builds confidence.
- Use role-based paths: Designers explore contrast and layout. Marketers focus on captions and social media accessibility.
- Pair training with checklists: A simple “before you publish” list—contrast, keyboard reach, captions—keeps lessons at the top of your mind.
- Bring in real users: Invite people with disabilities to demos. Live feedback drives empathy and makes the value of inclusive design unmistakable.
- Celebrate success: Recognize teams that close accessibility tickets or launch inclusive content.
Choosing the Right Accessibility Training Format

Not everyone learns the same way. Mix formats to meet your team’s needs:
- Live workshops: Great for Q&A and real-time practice.
- Short video modules: Ideal for busy schedules or quick refreshers.
- Office hours: Open sessions where experts answer questions from any team.
- Documentation hubs: Centralized space for checklists, coding samples, and brand guidelines.
Larger organizations may also benefit from certification tracks or external mentors to support deeper learning and audits.

Measuring Success

Track the impact of training to keep improving:
- Fewer accessibility issues during QA.
- Lower remediation costs thanks to early awareness.
- Positive user feedback from screen reader and caption users.
- Fewer legal notices or compliance complaints.
Quarterly progress reports help leadership see the value and maintain support.

Overcoming Common Roadblocks
- “We don’t have time.” Break accessibility training into 15-minute micro-lessons that fit between meetings.
- “We can’t teach everyone everything.” Focus on essentials for each role—developers need ARIA, executives don’t.
- “It sounds too technical.” Share real stories. A single form label can help both a low-vision user and someone filling it out in bright sunlight.
Getting Started: A Quick Action Plan
1. Audit your team’s skills. Survey knowledge gaps.
2. Create a roadmap. Start with high-impact roles.
3. Choose a learning partner. Consultant, online platform, or internal champion.
4. Launch a pilot session. Start with something approachable, like image alt text.
5. Review and refine. Gather feedback and evolve your approach.
When people know what to look for, accessibility becomes second nature—not a scramble.

Equip Your Team, Elevate Your Experience

A successful accessibility program isn’t powered by one expert—it’s built on shared understanding. The more your teams know, the more they can contribute to inclusive, compliant, user-friendly experiences from the very beginning.

Now’s the time to turn knowledge into action. Whether you’re setting strategy, designing experiences, writing content, or launching campaigns, accessibility training helps each role identify where inclusion starts—and how to make it stick.

Accessibility Training That Moves Teams Forward

At 216digital, we include complementary ADA training with every project because we believe that lasting accessibility starts with alignment. Our role-based approach ensures your team isn’t just meeting requirements—they’re embedding inclusion into design, development, and communication with confidence.

Ready to move forward? Schedule a personalized ADA briefing with us. We’ll help you map out your goals, identify key opportunities, and launch a training strategy that’s effective, affordable, and built to last.

The most accessible experiences are the ones designed with intention. Let’s help your team build them.
Greg McNeil

April 17, 2025

Web Accessibility Training

Accessibility, Accessibility Training, Marketer, Web Accessibility Training, web developers, Website Accessibility
Accessible Documents: 7 Issues You Might Overlook
Have you ever tried to read a PDF on your phone only to pinch‑zoom until the text blurs? Now, picture that same frustration multiplied for someone who relies on a screen reader, a keyboard, or extra magnification. Inaccessible documents aren’t minor annoyances—they’re brick walls that block information. That’s why creating accessible documents is more than a best practice—it’s a necessity.

This post walks through seven barriers often hidden inside PDFs and Word files. For each one, you’ll see why it matters, which Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) success criteria apply, and how a few practical tweaks can open the door for every reader.

Invisible Obstacles: Why Documents Trip People Up

Web pages are usually built with clear HTML tags that signal headings, lists, and links. Conversely, documents mix text, images, and complex layouts in a single container. If you skip semantic structure or rely on visual styling alone, those layers become invisible mazes for people using assistive tech.

WCAG was designed for the web, yet its principles work perfectly for accessible documents. Meeting them keeps your files usable for screen readers, keyboard navigation, high‑contrast modes, and more.

1. Missing or Misused Headings

When screen reader users rely on heading levels to navigate, skipping or misusing them turns a well-organized document into a frustrating guessing game. Simply enlarging font size doesn’t cut it—headings need to be properly structured.

Make it better: Use built-in heading styles (H1, H2, H3, etc.) in Word or Google Docs, not manual formatting. Stick to one H1 per page for your title, followed by a clear hierarchy.

Don’t forget: WCAG 1.3.1 requires meaningful structure—not just visual formatting. Run an accessibility checker before exporting to PDF to make sure your headings stay intact.

Pro tip: Set your document language, so screen readers know how to pronounce text correctly. In Word, go to Review > Language > Set Proofing Language.

2. When PDFs Are Just Pictures

A scanned contract that looks fine on screen may be completely silent to assistive tech. Without real text, a screen reader simply announces “graphic… graphic… graphic.” There’s no searching, no enlarging, and no reading.

What to do instead: Use OCR (Optical Character Recognition) to create a text layer. Adobe Acrobat, ABBYY FineReader, and Google Drive all have built-in OCR tools.

Make it work: Always proofread OCR results—blurry scans and fancy fonts often lead to errors.

Standards check: WCAG 1.4.5 requires using real, selectable text whenever possible.

Bonus tip: Use document properties to add a title and author—these help screen readers and improve file organization. In Word: File > Info > Properties.

3. Color Contrast That’s Too Subtle

That soft gray text might look sleek on a light background—but if you have low vision or are reading on a dim screen, it becomes nearly invisible.

How to fix it: Check color combinations before publishing. Use tools like WebAIM’s Contrast Checker or Adobe’s color contrast tools.

What the guidelines say: WCAG 1.4.3 calls for a minimum contrast ratio of 4.5:1 for standard text.

Design reminder: Check charts, infographics, and callout boxes too—those often sneak past brand reviews.

4. Vague Link Text

When every hyperlink says “Click here,” a screen reader user hears the same phrase over and over, with no context. It’s like walking through unlabeled doors and hoping for the best.

Do this instead: Write descriptive links like “Download the 2025 Benefits Guide (PDF).” This helps everyone know what to expect before they click.

Standards note: WCAG 2.4.4 requires link text to make sense on its own.

Extra clarity: In Word, use ScreenTips (Alt + Ctrl + D) to add hover-text instructions for links.

5. Images Without Alt Text

If an image doesn’t include alt text, assistive tech can’t describe it—and users miss the point. Charts, infographics, and even decorative flourishes need attention.

Quick fix: Describe the key message, not every visual detail. For example, summarize trends or highlight data points in charts.

WCAG compliance: Guideline 1.1.1 requires text alternatives for all meaningful images.

Helpful tip: Tag purely decorative images as “null” or “decorative,” so screen readers skip them. For complex visuals, link to a longer description or add it in an appendix.

6. Tables That Don’t Translate

Tables made with tabs or manual spacing may look fine, but screen readers can’t follow the structure. Data ends up being read out of order—turning financials or schedules into a jumbled mess.

Get it right: Use built-in table tools. Define the first row as a header and use column headers where needed.

Testing tools: In Word: Table > Properties > Row > Repeat as header row. In Acrobat Pro, use the Table Editor and test with NVDA or VoiceOver.

Remember: WCAG 1.3.1 also applies here—data must be presented with proper markup and relationships.

Avoid this: Don’t use tables for layout. It may seem like a shortcut, but it often leads to accessibility headaches.

7. Lists That Don’t Act Like Lists

Typing dashes or asterisks might look fine visually, but to a screen reader, it’s just a single paragraph. The structure—and meaning—is lost.

Better approach: Use the bullets or numbering tools built into Word or Docs. Real lists help assistive tech break up and interpret content correctly.

After exporting: Run “Autotag Document” in Acrobat and verify that lists are correctly tagged.

WCAG reference: Once again, 1.3.1—structure matters.

8. Use Clear Language and Layout

Overly complex language or long-winded paragraphs can be barriers in themselves. Accessibility isn’t just about code or design—it’s about comprehension too.

Try this: Write with clarity. Use simple words, short sentences, and plenty of white space. Break things up with subheadings and bulleted lists.

Pro tip: Aim for an 8th-grade reading level or below when possible. Tools like Hemingway Editor or Microsoft Editor can help simplify your language.

9. Choose the Right Export Settings

Even the best-crafted document can lose accessibility features when exported carelessly.

Before hitting “Save As”:
- Use formats that preserve tags, alt text, and headings (e.g., PDF/A).
- Use built-in export tools from Word, not third-party converters.
- Double-check using an accessibility checker like Adobe Acrobat’s.
10. Provide Alternative Formats

Not every user consumes content the same way. Offering alternative versions ensures a broader reach.

Examples:
- A transcript for a video.
- A plain-text version of a design-heavy PDF.
- A mobile-friendly HTML version of a Word document.
- This level of flexibility supports users with screen readers, low vision, dyslexia, and more.
Beyond the Basics: Keep Creating Accessible Documents

Fixing the top document issues is a great start—but real accessibility doesn’t stop at a checklist. It’s something you build into the process and revisit as tools evolve, teams shift, and standards update.

Don’t rely on tools alone. Automated checkers are helpful for flagging missing tags or contrast issues, but they won’t catch everything. They can’t tell if your heading structure makes sense or if your alt text actually describes the image. A quick manual review—ideally from someone who understands assistive tech—can make all the difference.

Keep your team in the loop. Many of the most common document barriers come down to simple habits: skipping heading styles, forgetting to add alt text, or using layout tables. Short training sessions or documentation refreshers can prevent a lot of repeat issues, especially if you’re onboarding new staff or updating templates.

Check your templates yearly. Accessibility standards grow. So do the tools we use to write, design, and export. A quick annual review of your document templates helps ensure you’re not accidentally locking in outdated practices or missing opportunities to improve.

Make Your Documents Work for Everyone

Document accessibility isn’t about perfection—it’s about intention. When you take the time to apply heading styles, write descriptive link text, or check contrast ratios, you’re creating something that works for more people, in more ways.

These changes aren’t hard. They’re habits. And once your team knows what to look for, accessible documents become second nature—just like spell check or formatting a title page.

At 216digital, we offer more than advice. We can review your files, train your staff, and even build accessible templates tailored to your needs. Every project we take on includes complementary ADA training—so your team is empowered, not just compliant.

If you’re ready to move past the guesswork and start building documents that include everyone, schedule a quick briefing with us. Together, we can turn accessible content into a shared standard—not a scramble.

Let’s take that first step—one document at a time.
Greg McNeil

April 16, 2025

How-to Guides

Accessibility, accessible documents, How-to, PDF, WCAG, Website Accessibility
What to Expect from an Accessibility Audit
Running a business is no small feat. Between managing daily operations, keeping customers happy, and staying on top of your digital presence, it’s easy to overlook something like web accessibility. But in today’s world, where more users rely on assistive technology to browse online, accessibility is no longer optional—it’s essential.

That’s where an accessibility audit comes in. It’s a smart, proactive step that helps you understand how well your website works for people with disabilities and where improvements are needed. It’s not just about avoiding legal trouble—it’s about creating a better experience for all your visitors.

Let’s break it down so you know exactly what to expect.

Why Accessibility Matters

Reaching Every Visitor

Web accessibility is about making sure everyone can use your website—no matter their ability. That includes people who rely on screen readers, keyboard navigation, or voice control, as well as those with visual, hearing, or cognitive challenges.

A more accessible site leads to:
- Better user experience
- Improved search engine visibility
- Increased customer trust
It’s a win for your users and your business.

Reducing Legal Risk

ADA-related lawsuits over inaccessible websites are on the rise, and many target small to mid-sized businesses. In fact over 67% of lawsuits in 2024 were targeting businesses with an annual revenue under $25 million or less.

These cases can be stressful and expensive—even if the issues weren’t intentional.

A professional accessibility audit helps you spot and fix issues early, protecting your business while showing your commitment to inclusion.

What Is an Accessibility Audit?

An accessibility audit is a full review of your website to find any barriers that might stop people with disabilities from using it. These barriers could be anything from missing image descriptions to forms that don’t work with a screen reader.

The audit is based on the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG), which provide a clear set of standards for accessible web design. Following WCAG helps ensure your site meets legal requirements—and, more importantly, that it works for everyone.

The Accessibility Audit Process: Step-by-Step

Here’s what typically happens during a full accessibility audit:

Initial Consultation & Scope Definition

The process starts with a conversation. You and your audit team will review your website’s goals, user flows, and top-priority pages—like your homepage, checkout process, or contact form. This helps focus the audit on what matters most.

Automated Testing

Automated tools run quick scans to catch common issues like:
This is a great first step, but automated testing only catches part of the picture. That’s why manual checks are so important.

Manual Evaluation

Accessibility specialists then take a deeper look at your site. They’ll test things like:
- Can users navigate with just a keyboard?
- Are screen readers reading content in the correct order?
- Do buttons and links have clear, accessible labels?
Manual testing finds the issues that machines often miss—and ensures your site works for real people in real situations.

User Testing with Assistive Technology

In some cases, the team may bring in people who use assistive tools daily—like screen readers or alternative input devices—to test your site. Their feedback offers invaluable real-world insight that helps uncover problems no tool or developer could spot alone.

Documentation of Findings

Once testing is done, you’ll receive a report that includes:
- A list of all issues
- Where each problem exists
- The specific WCAG criteria it violates
- Visual examples and code references for clarity
This report serves as your roadmap to fixing issues efficiently.

Prioritization of Issues

Not all issues are created equal. The audit team will help you prioritize based on the following:
- How severe the issue is
- How many users it might impact
- Whether it poses a legal risk
This lets you address the biggest barriers first and build a smart action plan moving forward.

Remediation Recommendations

Finally, you’ll receive clear, actionable guidance for fixing each issue. These recommendations will be tailored to your site’s platform, content, and team capacity. Some fixes might be quick, while others may take more planning—but you’ll know exactly what to do and where to start.

What Happens After the Audit?

Implementing Fixes

After the accessibility audit, it’s time to put the findings to work. Your team—or a trusted partner like 216digital—can help implement those changes, making sure they align with best practices while preserving your brand’s design and functionality.

Team Training

To keep your site accessible over time, it helps to train the people who update it. That could mean a short session on how to use alt text or a checklist for adding new content. A little knowledge goes a long way in preventing future issues.

Ongoing Monitoring

Accessibility isn’t something you check off once and forget about. Websites are living things—they change, grow, and update over time. That means new accessibility issues can pop up without warning, especially as content is added or platforms evolve.

That’s why regular monitoring is key. Running periodic scans, reviewing key pages, and staying alert to new barriers helps you maintain accessibility long after the initial audit. Tools like a11y.Radar, 216digital’s ongoing monitoring service, are designed to make this easier. It quietly keeps tabs on your site, flags issues early, and helps ensure your site stays in line with accessibility best practices—without the need for constant manual checks.

Your Website’s Future Just Got Brighter

A professional accessibility audit gives you more than just a report—it gives you peace of mind. It’s a smart, future-focused way to protect your business, improve your site, and welcome every visitor who comes your way.

At 216digital, we specialize in helping small to mid-sized businesses make sense of accessibility. Our expert-led audits, clear documentation, and hands-on remediation support make the process easy to follow and effective to implement. We help you go beyond compliance—to a website that’s truly inclusive.

If you’re ready to create a better experience for everyone and reduce your legal risk, let’s talk. A more accessible site isn’t just better for users—it’s better for business.
Greg McNeil

April 15, 2025

Testing & Remediation

Accessibility, Accessibility Audit, Accessibility testing, automated testing, manual audit, Web Accessibility, Website Accessibility
How GDPR and CCPA Are Shaping Data Privacy
Data privacy isn’t a new concept. Businesses have been managing sensitive customer information for decades—through paper files, databases, CRMs, and now digital platforms. What has changed is the growing expectation that people should have control over their own data. Laws like the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) didn’t invent data privacy—but they’ve redefined the standards.

These regulations are reshaping how organizations around the world approach data—how they collect it, store it, share it, and most importantly, how they communicate about it. If you’re leading a business, managing digital operations, or overseeing customer experience, understanding how these laws work isn’t just a compliance task—it’s a strategic advantage.

What the CCPA Introduced to U.S. Businesses

When the CCPA took effect in 2020, it marked a turning point for U.S.-based organizations. For the first time, there was a law that gave American consumers—not just businesses—clear, enforceable rights over their personal data. It caught many companies off guard.

California residents gained the legal right to:
- Know what personal information is being collected about them.
- Request the deletion of that information.
- Opt out of the sale of their data.
For businesses, this meant a new level of transparency. You needed to disclose how data was being used, offer clear opt-out tools, and ensure your privacy policies were not only accessible—but written in plain, understandable language.

This wasn’t just about legal boxes to check. It was about shifting power. CCPA put the customer in the driver’s seat.

A Ripple Effect Beyond California

Even though the CCPA is a state law, its impact has reached far beyond California’s borders. Why? Because any business that serves California residents—regardless of location—has to comply. And for companies with customers across the U.S., it simply made sense to raise privacy practices across the board.

That’s why CCPA didn’t stay a California issue. It sparked national conversations, boardroom discussions, and policy rewrites. It also paved the way for other states to create their own laws. Virginia, Colorado, Connecticut, and Utah have already passed privacy regulations of their own. Each carries unique nuances, but most borrow heavily from the same foundational ideas introduced by the CCPA and GDPR.

The GDPR: Setting the Global Standard

Before CCPA came onto the scene, there was GDPR. Introduced by the European Union in 2018, the General Data Protection Regulation quickly became the global benchmark for data privacy.

Its scope was ambitious—and intentional. GDPR applies to any organization, anywhere in the world, that processes data from EU citizens. Whether you’re based in Paris, New York, or Singapore, if your business interacts with European customers, you’re expected to comply.

Core GDPR Requirements:
- Consent: Businesses must get clear, informed consent before collecting personal data.
- Right to Be Forgotten: Individuals can ask for their data to be deleted permanently.
- Breach Notification: Organizations must report data breaches within 72 hours.
- Data Portability: Consumers have the right to access and transfer their own data.
The GDPR’s influence is still growing. Many new laws—both in the U.S. and abroad—are built using GDPR as a model. And in the absence of a single U.S. federal privacy law, many organizations default to GDPR compliance as a way to meet the highest global standard.

GDPR vs. CCPA: Two Paths, One Direction

While GDPR and CCPA share the same underlying goal—giving people more control over their personal data—they approach it in different ways.

Who’s Affected?
- GDPR: Global reach. Applies to any company handling EU data.
- CCPA: U.S.-based, but applies to companies interacting with California residents.
Consumer Rights
- GDPR: Offers broad rights—access, deletion, correction, portability.
- CCPA: Emphasizes transparency, deletion, and the right to opt out of data sales.
Consent Models
- GDPR: Requires proactive, upfront permission.
- CCPA: Allows post-collection opt-outs, which can be more flexible for businesses but less direct for consumers.
The differences matter—but the direction is the same. Regulators are moving toward greater accountability, and consumers are demanding more clarity and control.

A Growing Patchwork of U.S. Laws

The U.S. now faces a growing number of state-level privacy laws, each with its own requirements and timelines. Virginia’s VCDPA, Colorado’s CPA, and Connecticut’s CTDPA are just a few of the new players. While many reflect GDPR or CCPA in principle, the details vary—and that’s where things get tricky.

For multi-state businesses, managing these differences isn’t just time-consuming—it can be a real risk. You’re not just dealing with technical updates to your website. You’re coordinating privacy notices, opt-out mechanisms, data retention policies, and more—often with overlapping or conflicting requirements.

A unified federal privacy law, like the proposed American Privacy Rights Act (APRA), could help simplify things. However, with delays in Congress and shifting political priorities, that kind of clarity is still out of reach.

What You Can Do Now

So what’s the path forward? The answer isn’t to wait for regulation to catch up—it’s to lead with purpose.

1. Map Your Data

Know what you’re collecting, where it’s stored, who has access, and why. Without a clear inventory, compliance is guesswork.

2. Strengthen Your Privacy Policy

Make sure your privacy policy is accurate, accessible, and written in plain language. Your customers—and regulators—should understand it without needing a legal degree.

3. Build in Flexibility

Invest in systems and processes that can adapt. Privacy laws will continue to evolve. Your infrastructure should be ready to scale with them.

4. Respect User Rights

Whether it’s a GDPR data access request or a CCPA opt-out form, your business should respond quickly, clearly, and respectfully. That responsiveness builds trust.

5. Lead with Transparency

Customers don’t expect perfection. But they do expect honesty. Be upfront about what data you collect and how you use it. When in doubt, over-communicate.

Final Thoughts

Data privacy isn’t a passing trend—it’s a defining feature of the modern digital experience. And laws like GDPR and CCPA aren’t just compliance checklists. They’re a signal that the world is changing, and that businesses are expected to change with it.

The companies that embrace this shift—proactively, strategically, and transparently—will be the ones that win customer trust and loyalty over the long term.

If you’re looking for help navigating this evolving landscape, 216digital is here to support you. Schedule a privacy and accessibility briefing with our team and take the first step toward smarter, future-ready data practices.
Greg McNeil

April 14, 2025

Legal Compliance, Web Design & Development

CCPA, data privacy, GDPR, web development
How to Use aria-describedby for Web Accessibility
Have you ever looked at a form, seen the bold text or red borders, and instantly known what to do next? That’s because as visual users, we get a lot of clues from layout, color, and spacing. But for someone using a screen reader, those visual hints don’t exist. Instead, they rely on code—programmatic clues—to make sense of what’s on the screen.

That’s where aria-describedby comes in. If you’ve ever struggled to make a form, button, or modal accessible, you’re not alone. aria-describedby is a powerful tool that helps users understand what’s happening—if you use it right.

In this article, I’ll walk you through how to use aria-describedby the right way. We’ll go through practical code examples, real use cases, and common mistakes. I’ll also show you how it ties into making things like captions and subtitles more accessible, especially for users with assistive technology.

Unpacking aria-describedby

aria-describedby lets you link an element to other content that gives extra detail. It points to the ID(s) of one or more elements that contain helpful text. Think of it like this:
- aria-labelledby gives something its name.
- aria-describedby gives it extra explanation.
If a screen reader sees an input with aria-describedby= "pw-hint", it will read the input label and the hint.

Why It’s Important

Used correctly, aria-describedby helps you meet the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) success criteria. It improves accessibility for users who rely on screen readers. It’s especially helpful when native HTML doesn’t cover all the information a user needs. This matters for users navigating complex interfaces—like forms, modals, or media players with captions and subtitles.

When Should You Use aria-describedby?
- Form fields: Add help text or error messages.
- Buttons: Clarify what will happen, especially for destructive actions.
- Dialogs/modals: Explain what the dialog is for.
- Tooltips: Offer extra information without cluttering the interface.
- Live status updates: Let users know when things change, like upload progress or loading indicators.
aria-describedby can even support captions and subtitles in video players by giving extra context for the screen reader user, describing what’s happening beyond the visual content.

When Not to Use It
- If HTML already does the job (like using <label> or <fieldset>).
- If it adds repetitive or unnecessary text.
Code Walkthroughs: Real-World Examples

Let’s get into some code. These examples show how to use aria-describedby in ways that make a real difference.

Form Fields

Password Requirements
```
<label for="pw">Password</label>
<input type="password" id="pw" aria-describedby="pw-hint">
<p id= "pw-hint">Password must be at least 12 characters long and include a number.</p>
```
Error Messages
```
<label for="email">Email address</label>
<input type="email" id="email" aria-invalid="true" aria-describedby="email-error">
<p id="email-error" class="error">Please enter a valid email address.</p>
```
Multiple Descriptions
```
<input type="text" id="username" aria-describedby="username-req username-tip">
<p id="username-req">Must be at least 8 characters.</p>
<p id="username-tip">Displayed on your profile.</p>
```
Buttons

Destructive Action Explanation
```
<button aria-describedby="delete-desc">Delete Account</button>
<p id= "delete-desc">This will permanently remove your account and all data.</p>
```
Dialogs and Modals

Accessible Dialog
```
<div role="dialog" aria-modal="true" aria-labelledby="dialogTitle" aria-describedby="dialogDesc">
  <h2 id="dialogTitle">Confirm Deletion</h2>
  <p id= "dialogDesc">This action is permanent and cannot be undone.</p>
</div>
```
Tooltips and Live Regions

Accessible Tooltip
```
<input type="text" id="first" aria-describedby="tip1">
<div id="tip1" role="tooltip">Optional field.</div>
```
Status Messages
```
<div aria-describedby="upload-status">
  <input type="file" onchange="showUploadStatus()">
  <div id="upload-status" aria-live="polite">Uploading...</div>
</div>
```
These techniques can also apply to custom media players. You can use aria-describedby to point to captions and subtitles that are visible on screen but also need to be announced programmatically.

Common Mistakes to Avoid
- Too Many Descriptions: Linking to 3 or 4 IDs might overwhelm users.
- Broken References: Make sure every ID you point to actually exists.
- Redundant Content: Don’t repeat what’s already in the label.
- Timing Issues: Don’t change the text dynamically during focus unless absolutely necessary.
- Inconsistent Patterns: Keep your approach consistent across similar components.
Best Practices for Effective Implementation
- Write Clear Descriptions: Keep them short, useful, and easy to understand.
- Avoid Jargon: Explain things in plain language.
- Keep Descriptions Visible: If possible, don’t hide the text—what helps screen reader users can help sighted users, too.
- Use Native HTML First: ARIA is a supplement, not a substitute.
- Test Often:
  - Use screen readers like NVDA, JAWS, and VoiceOver.
  - Test in browsers like Chrome, Firefox, and Safari.
- Stay Consistent:
  - Create reusable components.
  - Document your design patterns.
  - Automate accessibility checks.
This also applies to any content with captions and subtitles—they should be clearly described in a way that works for both visual and non-visual users.

Beyond the Code: Organizational Tips
- Code Reviews Should Include Accessibility
- Use Linters and Audits: Tools like Google Lighthouse or WAVE to catch ARIA barriers.
- Add Accessibility to Your QA Checklist
- Train Your Team: Make sure everyone knows what ARIA does and doesn’t do.
If you’re building tools with captions and subtitles, include accessibility from the start. Don’t bolt it on later.

Accessible Descriptions, Better UX

aria-describedby is one of those quiet heroes of accessibility. It helps fill the gaps between what users see and what assistive tech can tell them.

Used well, it improves the user experience for everyone—not just people using screen readers. It’s especially helpful in forms, dialogs, and anything with captions and subtitles, where the added context can be critical.

So remember: use aria-describedby intentionally, test it thoroughly, and keep your patterns consistent. And if your team needs help making your site or app more accessible, 216digital offers expert guidance to help you meet compliance standards—while creating a better experience for all users.

Let’s keep building an internet that works for everyone. One line of code at a time.
Greg McNeil

April 11, 2025

How-to Guides

ARIA, aria-describedby, How-to, Web Accessibility, web developers, web development, Website Accessibility
Judge Pushes Back on Serial ADA Plaintiffs
The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) was enacted in 1990 to prohibit discrimination against people with disabilities. Over the years, it’s helped make public spaces—including digital environments—more accessible to everyone. However, the rise of serial ADA plaintiffs—individuals who file dozens or even hundreds of lawsuits—has raised serious concerns among business owners and judges alike. Some of these cases appear less about securing genuine accessibility improvements and more about generating quick financial settlements.

Recently, a federal judge pushed back against this growing trend, signaling that the courts are beginning to question the motives and tactics of some serial ADA plaintiffs. This shift could mark a turning point for businesses frustrated by opportunistic lawsuits. But it doesn’t mean business owners can relax when it comes to ADA compliance—especially online.

In this article, we’ll explore what serial ADA litigation looks like, why businesses risk non-compliance in the first place, how a recent judge’s ruling might change the game, and what proactive steps businesses can take to protect themselves. We’ll also show how partnering with a firm like 216digital can ensure your digital properties are accessible and legally compliant.

What Are Serial ADA Plaintiffs?

A serial ADA plaintiff is someone who files multiple lawsuits under the ADA, often targeting small businesses for alleged accessibility violations. While the ADA is a civil rights law that rightly empowers individuals to hold businesses accountable, these serial filings usually follow a pattern:
- Rapid-fire lawsuits: Dozens of complaints are filed in a short period, often by the same attorney.
- Low-hanging claims: Plaintiffs target minor infractions, such as font contrast issues or missing alt text on websites.
- Settlement-focused: Lawsuits are usually resolved with monetary settlements rather than actual accessibility improvements.
These actions put a financial strain on small and mid-sized businesses, many of which settle to avoid legal fees—even if they were unaware of the issues or were actively working toward compliance.

Why Do Businesses Risk ADA Non-Compliance?

Many business owners want to do the right thing, but digital accessibility often falls through the cracks for a few reasons:
- Lack of awareness: Some companies don’t realize ADA applies to their websites, not just physical locations.
- Complex regulations: Accessibility laws and standards like WCAG (Web Content Accessibility Guidelines) can be difficult to interpret without expert guidance.
- Limited budgets: Small businesses may not have the resources to hire in-house accessibility experts.
- Inconsistent enforcement: Until recently, the legal system’s tolerance for serial plaintiffs made compliance seem like an expensive guessing game.
Unfortunately, ignorance of the law doesn’t exempt businesses from lawsuits—especially when aggressive litigants are actively seeking out violators.

Judge Cogan Pushes Back: A Turning Point?

In a recent case, federal Judge Cogan of California dismissed multiple web accessibility lawsuits brought by a serial plaintiff, citing a lack of standing and evidence of genuine harm. The court noted that the plaintiff had filed over 50 nearly identical lawsuits against small businesses, often without ever intending to visit or interact with them in any meaningful way.

Judge Cogan questioned whether the plaintiff had suffered real injury or was simply using the ADA as a tool to generate settlements. The ruling emphasized that the purpose of the ADA is to promote meaningful access, not to enable exploitative litigation.

This decision doesn’t make digital accessibility any less important—but it sends a clear message: the courts are starting to scrutinize the intentions behind ADA lawsuits. It’s a warning to serial plaintiffs and an opportunity for businesses to address compliance proactively rather than react to legal threats.

Practical Steps to Avoid Being Targeted

Whether or not the courts are curbing serial litigation, businesses should take real accessibility seriously. Here are steps to protect your brand, reduce legal risk, and create better experiences for all users:

1. Conduct a Professional Accessibility Audit

Start by identifying what accessibility issues exist on your website. Automated tools can catch some problems, but a full audit—especially one that includes manual testing with assistive technologies—is the gold standard.

2. Fix the Most Common Accessibility Errors

Serial plaintiffs often target:
- Missing alt text on images
- Poor color contrast
- Inaccessible navigation menus
- Improper heading structures
- Forms that can’t be completed with a keyboard
Addressing these issues can significantly lower your risk of being sued.

3. Document Your Accessibility Efforts

Even if your site isn’t perfect, showing that you’re making active efforts can make a difference in court. Keep records of audits, remediations, and ongoing updates.

4. Stay Informed on Legal Requirements

Accessibility standards evolve. Staying up to date on WCAG guidelines and DOJ updates to ADA interpretations is essential to maintaining long-term compliance.

5. Implement Ongoing Monitoring

Accessibility isn’t a one-and-done project. Use tools like a11y.Radar, offered by 216digital, to continuously monitor and address new issues before they become problems.

How 216digital Helps You Stay Accessible—and Lawsuit-Proof

At 216digital, we specialize in helping businesses of all sizes navigate the often-confusing world of digital accessibility. We go beyond automated scans and generic checklists to provide comprehensive, real-world accessibility services that keep you compliant and reduce your legal exposure.

Our Services Include
- Phase 1 Risk Mitigation: We identify and fix the most high-risk accessibility issues that could attract serial ADA plaintiffs.
- Phase 2 Real-World Accessibility: We use screen readers, keyboard-only navigation, and other assistive technologies to test your site like real users do.
- a11y.Radar Monitoring: Our proprietary service provides ongoing accessibility monitoring and alerts, ensuring your site stays compliant even as content changes.
- Accessibility Consulting and Training: We don’t just fix your website—we empower your team with the knowledge and tools to maintain accessibility long-term.
By working with 216digital, you’ll avoid frivolous lawsuits and create a better online experience for all your users, including those with disabilities.

Final Thoughts

The recent judicial scrutiny of serial ADA plaintiffs is a promising development for business owners who feel trapped between doing the right thing and defending against exploitative lawsuits. But make no mistake: web accessibility still matters—and compliance is still your responsibility.

Rather than playing defense after a lawsuit hits your inbox, you can take a proactive approach that protects your business, supports your customers, and aligns with the original spirit of the ADA.

Let 216digital help you stay compliant, reduce risk, and deliver a more accessible web experience for everyone.

Need help getting started?

Contact 216digital today for a professional web accessibility audit and find out how we can help you safeguard your digital presence from serial ADA plaintiffs.
Greg McNeil

April 10, 2025

Legal Compliance

Accessibility, ADA Lawsuit, Web Accessibility, Website Accessibility
Is Your Website Compliant with Australia’s DDA?
When you think about making a website, you might picture coding, design, or content. But have you ever considered whether everyone can actually use your site? Web accessibility isn’t just a tech issue—it’s about making the online world open to everyone, including people with disabilities. In Australia, there’s a growing focus on this topic, and it’s changing how websites are built and maintained. The Disability Discrimination Act, or DDA, is a key piece of the puzzle, because it covers much more than physical buildings. In fact, it also affects your digital presence.

In this post, we’ll dig into why web accessibility matters, how the DDA factors in, and what you can do to make your website more inclusive. Think of this as a friendly chat that aims to keep things simple, helpful, and human-centered. After all, good web design isn’t just about code—it’s about people.

Why Web Accessibility Should Be on Your Radar

More than 1 in 5 Australians live with some form of disability. That’s millions of people who might need your products or services. If your site has poor design, confusing navigation, or features that aren’t easy to use with assistive technology, you risk losing a huge chunk of potential customers. In fact, nearly 5 million Aussies are affected by poor accessibility every day.

But web accessibility isn’t just about meeting a legal requirement under the DDA—it’s also good for business. When you make a site easier for people with disabilities, you often end up improving the user experience for everyone. Aging users with weaker eyesight benefit from clearer text, while someone with a broken arm might be thankful for keyboard-friendly navigation. Even people dealing with slow internet connections appreciate a well-optimized site. Accessibility is bigger than just a checkbox; it’s an approach that says, “I’m open to all.”

What the Disability Discrimination Act (DDA) Actually Says

The DDA (Disability Discrimination Act) was passed in 1992, and it aims to protect people from discrimination because of their disability. While many people think of it in terms of physical locations or employment, the law also applies to services and goods. And in the modern world, that means websites and online stores can’t shut people out.

Real Cases That Changed the Game
- Bruce Maguire vs. Sydney Olympics (1999): This case involved a blind man who found the official Olympics website nearly impossible to use. It was the first major situation in Australia that highlighted digital accessibility and made it clear that the DDA applies online as well.
- Gisele Mesnage vs. Coles (2014): Gisele, who is blind, had serious trouble doing her online grocery shopping because of inaccessible design. She took the issue to the Federal Court, showing again that large companies can’t ignore web accessibility—and neither can smaller ones.
These cases proved that the DDA isn’t just legal talk; it has real impact on how websites are made. If you’re offering goods or services online, you need to pay attention.

So… Does This Apply to Your Website?

Short answer: Almost definitely. The DDA is broad, and it covers government sites, public-facing services, and private businesses too. Whether you run a bank, a school, an eCommerce store, or a travel website, you should take steps to be accessible. Even if any inaccessibility is unintentional, it can still lead to complaints or legal action. No one wants that—so it’s better to get ahead of the game.

The Standards You Need to Know (and Follow)

When people talk about web accessibility standards, they’re usually talking about the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG). These are international guidelines that detail how to make online content usable for everyone. In Australia, the target is WCAG 2.1 or 2.2 at Level AA.

Yes, the guidelines can feel a bit technical, but they break down into principles that are pretty straightforward:
- Perceivable: Make sure people can see or hear your content.
- Operable: Your site should work with a keyboard, not just a mouse.
- Understandable: Use clear language so people don’t get confused.
- Robust: Support different types of assistive technologies and devices.
The government requires its websites to comply. Private businesses might not face legal pressure in every case—but make no mistake, the DDA clearly expects you to make your site accessible.

Government Strategies & National Guidelines

Australia has several strategies and guidelines to push web accessibility forward:
- National Transition Strategy (NTS): This initiative set the expectation that all government websites meet WCAG 2.0 AA. Even though it first focused on government sites, it signaled that accessibility is a big deal for any public-facing platform.
- Digital Service Standard: Thirteen principles guide inclusive design for government services. Though aimed at government, many businesses look to these standards for best practices.
- AS EN 301 549:2020: This one’s pretty tech-heavy, but it’s an Australian accessibility standard based on European laws, covering software, hardware, and other ICT services. If you hear it mentioned, know it’s part of the broader push for more inclusive digital tools.
What Happens If You Don’t Comply?

So what if you decide you can ignore the DDA? First, complaints usually go to the Australian Human Rights Commission. If they can’t be resolved through conciliation, the issue might end up in the Federal Court. That can mean big fines, hefty legal fees, and the kind of negative attention that hurts your brand. You don’t have to be a huge company like Coles to face consequences. The DDA has wide reach, and smaller businesses can face the same legal and financial risks if they don’t meet accessibility standards.

Making Your Website Accessible: Where to Start
- Understand Web Accessibility Guidelines: Familiarize yourself with WCAG to know what needs to be done for accessibility.
- Conduct a Website Audit: Regularly check your site for issues like missing alt text or poor contrast using automated tools or a professional audit.
- Implement Ongoing Training: Train your team to ensure everyone understands accessibility and prioritizes it in future updates.
- Stay Informed and Up-to-Date: Keep up with changes in web accessibility standards and best practices.
- Ongoing Monitoring: Use services like a11y.Radar for continuous monitoring, helping you address new accessibility issues promptly.
Make Accessibility a Priority—Not an Afterthought

If you remember just one thing from this discussion, it’s that web accessibility matters for real people. Sure, the DDA provides the legal framework—but beyond that, it’s simply good business sense and the right thing to do. A more accessible site doesn’t just keep you out of trouble; it opens the door to new customers, better user experiences, and a stronger brand image.

By making web accessibility a priority, you show you care about all your users, including those with disabilities. This mindset helps shape a future where the internet is truly open to everyone. If you’re unsure about where to start or how to keep your site fully compliant with the DDA, consider reaching out to professionals like 216digital. They can guide you through audits, training, and ongoing support, ensuring that you’re not just following the rules, but actively creating a more inclusive digital world.

Remember: the DDA doesn’t just regulate—it motivates. By taking accessibility seriously, you build a website that’s welcoming and friendly to anyone who visits. And that’s something we can all get behind. Let’s keep growing the web in a way that benefits us all.
Greg McNeil

April 9, 2025

Legal Compliance

Accessibility, accessibility laws, DDA, Disability Discrimination Act, International Accessibility Laws, Website Accessibility
What Designers Get Wrong About Accessible Web Design

When we talk about accessible web design, most people picture developers digging into code to fix issues after the fact. But the real magic—and often the biggest missed opportunity—starts much earlier in the process. It starts with us, the designers.

Design isn’t just about how something looks; it’s about how something works. That includes making sure every user can interact with it, regardless of ability. The challenge is, even seasoned designers can unintentionally leave accessibility gaps in their work. Not out of carelessness, but simply because we weren’t taught to think about it.

Let’s take a look at the most common ways accessible web design gets overlooked in the design phase—and how small changes can make a big difference. These aren’t technical developer fixes. They’re simple, design-first decisions that help create a more inclusive experience for everyone.

Relying on Color Alone

Using color to communicate meaning—like red for errors or green for success—might feel intuitive. But it doesn’t work for everyone. People with color vision deficiencies may not distinguish between red and green. Others might be browsing on devices in bright sunlight or with grayscale settings turned on. Color alone just isn’t enough.

The good news is that accessible web design doesn’t mean ditching color—it means backing it up. A red border becomes more effective with an icon like an exclamation point and a short label that says “Error.” Color still enhances the message, but now it’s readable by everyone, regardless of how they perceive color.

Poor Contrast Between Text and Background

Minimalist palettes are trendy, but light gray text on a white background can create a serious readability issue. For users with low vision, poor contrast turns your carefully crafted content into a frustrating puzzle. It’s not just a style choice—it’s a usability barrier.

Aiming for at least a 4.5:1 contrast ratio ensures your text is readable under a wide range of conditions, including mobile screens and bright environments. Tools like WebAIM’s Contrast Checker make it easy to test combinations. With accessible web design, clarity and style can absolutely coexist.

Hover-Only Interactions

Hover effects can make an interface feel sleek and modern, especially for desktop users. But the reality is that not everyone navigates with a mouse. Touchscreen devices and keyboard users don’t have the option to hover, which means they could miss essential content like tooltips, dropdowns, or action buttons.

Accessible web design calls for interaction that works across devices and input types. If something appears on hover, it should also be accessible via keyboard focus or tap. That way, no one is left guessing—or worse, completely missing part of the site.

Hiding or Removing Focus Styles

One of the more subtle mistakes designers make is removing focus outlines to make interfaces feel cleaner. That glowing blue ring might not match the brand aesthetic, but it’s a crucial indicator for users navigating with a keyboard. It shows where they are on the page.

Instead of removing it, try styling the focus indicator in a way that fits your brand. Make it visible, make it intentional. It’s a small touch, but it honors the needs of users who rely on keyboard navigation. That’s the heart of accessible web design—keeping things usable, not just pretty.

Icon-Only Buttons Without Labels

A trash can, a gear, a hamburger menu—these are all familiar icons to some of us. But they’re not universal. Assuming every user will instantly recognize what an icon means can create confusion, especially for users with cognitive differences or those who are new to digital interfaces.

By adding a short label like “Delete” or “Settings,” or by providing an accessible name using ARIA labels, you give your users clarity. Icons still add visual interest, but now they’re functional for everyone. It’s another way accessible web design respects a broader range of experiences.

Vague Link Text

Link text like “Click here” or “Learn more” might seem harmless, but it quickly becomes a problem for people using screen readers. These users often navigate by skimming a list of links, completely out of the surrounding context. If all the links say the same thing, it’s impossible to know where they go.

Writing meaningful link text—like “Download the 2025 Pricing Guide” or “Explore Our Accessibility Services”—adds clarity for everyone. Plus, it’s great for SEO. In accessible web design, clarity and functionality always go hand-in-hand.

Layouts That Fall Apart When Text Is Resized

Many users with low vision increase their device’s text size to read more comfortably. But if a layout isn’t built to handle that, the entire page can fall apart. Text overlaps, buttons get cut off, and navigation becomes a mess.

Designing with flexibility in mind—using relative units like em, rem, or percentages instead of fixed pixel values—helps keep layouts intact even when zoomed in. Responsive grids, media queries, and scalable components all support accessible web design by making sure your content can adapt.

Skipping Alt Text on Images

Every image on your site has a purpose, whether it’s decorative or informative. But when you leave out alt text—or worse, insert placeholder text like “image123.jpg”—users who rely on screen readers are left without context.

Good alt text is short, specific, and helps users understand the image’s role in the content. For example, “Smiling customer using our mobile app” is useful. If the image is decorative and adds no meaningful content, you can mark it as such so screen readers skip it. Accessible web design makes visuals work for everyone, not just those who can see them.

Hard-Coded Font Sizes

Hardcoding fonts in pixels may seem like a safe bet for maintaining visual control, but it can limit how users adjust their settings. People who need larger text may be blocked by your choices, especially if CSS prevents scaling.

By using relative units, you give users control over their reading experience. Fonts should scale with their preferences, not fight against them. Accessible web design puts usability first, allowing your audience to engage with your content in the way that works best for them.

Overly Complex Navigation

Mega menus, fancy interactions, and unique navigation patterns can look impressive in a mockup—but they can create major barriers for people using keyboards or assistive tech. When navigation becomes a puzzle, users are more likely to get frustrated and leave.

The most effective navigation is simple, consistent, and easy to explore. Use clear labels, test with keyboard-only input, and rely on semantic HTML whenever possible. Accessible web design doesn’t mean boring—it means dependable, predictable, and inclusive.

Where Good Design Meets Real-World Impact

Designers have the power to make the web more inclusive. And the best part? You don’t have to start from scratch. These changes are often small, thoughtful adjustments that make a big difference for users who rely on them.

Accessible web design isn’t a limitation—it’s an invitation to create better work. It asks us to go beyond trends and think deeply about the people who use the things we build. With every project, we can help make the internet a place where more people feel seen, supported, and able to fully participate.

If you’re looking for a partner who understands the balance between beauty, functionality, and accessibility, 216digital is here to help. Together, we can make accessible web design the standard—not the exception.

Greg McNeil

April 8, 2025

How-to Guides, Web Design & Development

Accessible Design, ADA Lawsuit, How-to, responsive design, UX, Web Accessible Design
How 216digital Makes Accessibility Remediation Simple
If you’re a small or mid-sized business owner, you’ve probably heard stories about other businesses getting hit with ADA (Americans with Disabilities Act) web accessibility lawsuits. Often, these lawsuits come out of nowhere, catching website owners by surprise. You might not even know what you did wrong, why your site was targeted, or how to fix it. It’s frustrating, and it’s scary. Even if you haven’t faced a lawsuit yet, you could be worried about your level of risk. Nobody wants a legal headache—especially not when you’re already juggling everything else that goes into running a business.

Here at 216digital, our goal is to change the conversation around web accessibility. We help small to mid-sized businesses protect themselves from costly accessibility lawsuits while also making websites more inclusive for everyone. Instead of quick fixes that only look good on the surface, we focus on lasting solutions through real accessibility remediation. By partnering with us, you’re not just avoiding legal trouble—you’re also improving every visitor’s experience on your site. Good access equals good business.

In this article, we’re going to break down what web accessibility actually means, how our services work, and why our people-focused approach sets us apart from companies that might rely on short-term, fear-based tactics. We’ll also show you how to schedule a free ADA briefing so you can gain clarity on your level of risk and figure out the next steps to make your site welcoming to all.

What Is Web Accessibility, Really?

Understanding the Basics

The term “web accessibility” can feel intimidating if you haven’t delved into it before. But when you boil it down, it’s quite straightforward: web accessibility means designing and updating your website so that people with disabilities can use it just as smoothly as everyone else. This includes visitors who use screen readers, rely on keyboard navigation, need larger text, or have other accessibility requirements.

Accessibility Helps Everyone

Making a site more accessible often has bonus benefits for everyone. For example, clearer website structure can improve your overall user experience, boost your SEO (search engine optimization), and make your site more user-friendly across different devices. In other words, meeting accessibility standards isn’t just about legal risk—it’s also about creating a smoother experience for all your visitors. That’s why accessibility remediation is such a critical part of a business’s digital strategy.

The Problem: Why Lawsuits Are Happening

Why the Legal Risk Is Growing

Over the past few years, courts have increasingly treated websites as “places of public accommodation,” meaning they fall under rules that require them to be accessible to people with disabilities. This has led to a spike in legal actions against businesses—some well-intentioned (from people who genuinely can’t access certain sites) and others more opportunistic, aiming to force quick settlements.

Proactive Prevention with Remediation

Either way, if your website has accessibility barriers, you could end up with a lawsuit or a demand letter. That often means paying lawyer fees, making sudden updates to your site under intense time pressure, and dealing with stress you never saw coming.

At 216digital, our approach is all about preventing these problems before they happen. Through comprehensive accessibility remediation, we don’t want you to face that unexpected expense or crisis moment. Instead, we want to set you up for success by making sure your site meets recognized accessibility standards in a thorough, sustainable way.

How 216digital Helps You Meet Accessibility Standards

1. Risk-First Approach: Stop Lawsuits Before They Start

When you bring us on board, we don’t just run a quick scan of your site and hand you a list of potential problems. A quick list is a start, but it doesn’t actually fix anything. Instead, we take a risk-first approach. We identify the areas of your site most likely to trigger a lawsuit and tackle them right away. This rapid response significantly reduces your potential exposure.

From there, we proceed through the rest of your site, ensuring all content and functions align with trusted accessibility standards. That way, you’re not left vulnerable to new complaints popping up in the future. That’s the difference between surface-level adjustments and meaningful accessibility remediation.

2. Full WCAG Implementation (The Gold Standard for Accessibility)

If you’ve done even a little reading on accessibility, you’ve likely seen mention of WCAG (Web Content Accessibility Guidelines). Judges, lawyers, and advocacy groups generally refer to WCAG 2.1 for determining whether a site is accessible. These guidelines cover areas like color contrast, text size, navigation, labels, and much more—essentially the nuts and bolts of a properly accessible website.

At 216digital, we don’t guess at what might be acceptable; we follow a systematic process to ensure your site aligns with WCAG 2.1 AA standards. We conduct thorough manual reviews along with automated checks to verify real-world accessibility, not just box-ticking. Our team’s hands-on accessibility remediation work results in a site that is recognized as accessible by the broader web community.

3. Ongoing Monitoring with a11y.Radar

A frequent misconception is that fixing accessibility barriers is a one-time job. In reality, websites are ever-evolving. You add new pages, adjust your site design, or change your content management system. Each of these updates can unintentionally introduce fresh barriers or break fixes you’ve made in the past.

That’s why we built a11y.Radar. It’s our specialized monitoring tool that consistently keeps an eye on your site, even after you’ve addressed the initial round of accessibility issues. a11y.Radar periodically checks if new problems have cropped up or if previously fixed areas have broken. With this in place, your accessibility remediation efforts stay intact, and you can relax, knowing you’re not being blindsided by hidden hurdles.

4. Hands-On Guidance and Support

Technical expertise is crucial, but we believe that easy-to-understand communication is just as important. Our team provides one-on-one support and guidance, answering questions you have about accessibility guidelines, legal implications, and the practical steps to ensure your site meets the right standards.
- Plain-Language Explanations: We won’t drown you in legal or tech jargon.
- Training Resources: If your developers or content team need training to maintain accessibility remediation practices, we’re happy to help.
- Personalized Assistance: Every website is different, so we don’t force you into a cookie-cutter solution.
We want you to feel confident about your site’s accessibility, not left in the dark about what’s happening behind the scenes.

Why We’re Different from Other Accessibility Companies

We’re Not Selling Fear—We’re Solving a Real Problem

Let’s be honest: lawsuits are a genuine risk, and the ADA is taken seriously in court. But 216digital’s mission is to educate you, not terrify you. We want to give you a clear understanding of what’s at stake and how you can proactively protect your business. Scare tactics aren’t our style. Instead, we rely on proven, professional accessibility remediation to resolve real issues.

No Overlays, No Shortcuts

Some companies push accessibility “overlays” that claim to magically solve every potential issue. While these might address a few surface-level features (like text resizing or color contrast toggles), they rarely fix deeper code-level or structural issues—and sometimes even introduce new difficulties.

At 216digital, our philosophy is to fix your site at the source. We go into the code and address each issue thoroughly. Yes, it’s more work. But the results are genuine and reflect real progress that stands the test of time. That’s the power of full-scale accessibility remediation.

We’re a Small Team That Cares

We’ve been around for more than 25 years. In that time, we’ve supported hundreds of businesses across industries, from e-commerce shops to local service providers. We know what it’s like to run a small or medium-sized business, and we treat your goals and concerns with respect. We’re also proud to say we’re a tight-knit crew. When you call us, you’ll speak to real people who care about your success—and who care deeply about getting your accessibility remediation right.

Ready to Talk? Let’s Schedule Your ADA Briefing

Worried your website might have accessibility barriers? Not sure if you’re at risk for a lawsuit? We offer a free ADA briefing to help you figure out your next move. It’s a no-pressure conversation where you’ll learn what’s really happening on your site and how we can help.
- Site Assessment: We take a basic look at your site to spot any glaring red flags.
- Risk Overview: We talk about possible risks that could leave you open to legal action.
- Options & Timeline: We lay out what solutions might look like, with a sense of how long and how much effort they might take.
We’re not here to push a sales pitch—just to share our expertise and help you make the best decision. If you decide to work with us, awesome! If not, at least you’ll walk away with a clear understanding of your situation and how to move forward.

If you’re ready to stop wondering about your site’s accessibility status and start taking proactive steps, reach out to schedule your free ADA briefing. We’ll explain everything you need to know in a straightforward, understandable way. Fill out our contact form below or schedule online today at 216digital.com/ada-briefing. We can’t wait to hear from you and show you how simple real accessibility remediation can be.
Greg McNeil

April 7, 2025

Testing & Remediation

Accessibility, Accessibility Remediation, Accessibility testing, automated testing, Web Accessibility, Web Accessibility Remediation, Website Accessibility
eCommerce Accessibility: Cart & Checkout Best Practices
As a front-end developer, you already know how much the small stuff matters—clear labels, logical tab order, and meaningful feedback. These details don’t just polish the experience; they make the difference between a site that works for everyone and one that silently shuts people out. When it comes to eCommerce accessibility, gaps tend to show up in the usual suspects: shopping carts, forms, payment flows, and filters.

Below, we’ll explore common eCommerce accessibility gaps and show you how to fix them. You’ll see examples of HTML and ARIA attributes that make a real difference in usability—without requiring you to overhaul your entire site. Just clean, thoughtful code that helps your work reach more people, the way it’s meant to.

Why Accessibility Matters in E-Commerce

Better eCommerce accessibility results in a better user experience. When you streamline navigation, label form fields properly, and offer multiple payment methods, you’re benefiting everyone, not just shoppers with disabilities. You’re also opening your doors to more customers, including those who use screen readers, have limited mobility, or simply prefer an intuitive layout.

Beyond enhanced usability, there’s also the legal side. Lawsuits related to eCommerce accessibility are on the rise. Addressing accessibility from the start can help reduce legal risks, but the bigger win is ensuring all potential customers feel welcome in your store.

eCommerce accessibility often breaks down at a few critical points:
- Shopping carts with unclear or missing labels.
- Forms and checkouts that don’t offer proper error messages.
- Payment flows that are dependent on inaccessible CAPTCHAs or limited payment methods.
- Product filters that are keyboard-incompatible or lack clear feedback.
If you’re a developer responsible for these features, you’re in the perfect position to fix these problems. A few strategic lines of code or well-placed attributes can help transform a confusing checkout into a seamless experience for all.

Making Your Shopping Cart Work for Everyone

Add Clear Labels (Yes, Even for Buttons)

It’s a common oversight to have buttons or icons without descriptive text. Screen readers can’t interpret an icon unless you provide an aria-label or similar attribute. Give every button clear text or an invisible descriptor for assistive tech.
```
<button aria-label="Remove item from cart">
  Remove
</button>
```
This simple step ensures that anyone using a screen reader knows exactly what action they’re about to take.

Let People Update Cart Items Without Guesswork

Quantities, item removals, and other cart updates should be straightforward. If you’re using a numeric input, label it properly so a screen reader user knows what they’re adjusting.
```
<label for="quantity">Quantity:</label>
<input type="number" id="quantity" name="quantity" min="1" value="1">
```
When quantity fields are clearly labeled and keyboard-friendly, customers can adjust items easily—no mystery involved.

Show Helpful Feedback When Things Go Wrong

Errors happen: maybe a shopper enters an invalid quantity or tries to remove an item that’s no longer in stock. Instead of reloading the entire page (and frustrating users), use an aria-live region to announce errors in real-time:
```
<div role="alert" aria-live="assertive">
  Error: Please enter a valid quantity.
</div>
```
This alerts people using screen readers without forcing them to refresh or hunt for an error message.

Shipping Forms That Are Easy to Use (and Easy to Navigate)

Use Straightforward, Consistent Labels

Forms can become confusing if users aren’t sure what to type. Proper <label> tags tied to the correct inputs make a huge difference for both sighted customers and those using assistive tech.
```
<label for="address">Shipping Address:</label>
<input type="text" id="address" name="address">
```
When labels are descriptive and consistent throughout the form, everyone knows exactly what information to provide.

Make Sure Users Can Tab Through Fields Logically

Keyboard-only users often navigate by pressing the Tab key. If your form fields aren’t in a logical sequence, they’ll jump around unpredictably. Paying attention to the natural DOM order is usually enough, but if you must alter it, use tabindex carefully.

Show Errors Clearly and Offer Suggestions

Generic error messages like “Invalid input” force users to guess what they did wrong. Instead, offer specific guidance so people know exactly how to fix the issue:
```
<div role="alert">
  Error: ZIP code must be five digits.
</div>
```
This clarity benefits everyone, speeding up the checkout process and reducing frustration—two big wins for eCommerce accessibility.

Designing a Payment Flow That’s Smooth and Inclusive

Offer More Than One Way to Pay

Variety in payment methods—credit cards, PayPal, Google Pay, Apple Pay, etc.—ensures different shoppers can complete purchases in a way that suits them. Some assistive technologies work better with certain payment platforms, so having options expands your customer reach.

If You Use CAPTCHAs, Make Them Accessible

Nothing derails a checkout faster than an inaccessible CAPTCHA. If possible, rely on server-side checks. If you do need a CAPTCHA, consider offering an audio version or a more user-friendly alternative. This prevents people with disabilities from being locked out at the final step of their eCommerce accessibility journey.

Choose Accessible Payment Gateways

Third-party payment platforms can introduce new accessibility issues. Do a quick review to ensure any external gateway meets basic WCAG standards and is compatible with screen readers and other assistive tools. Even the best checkout flow can fail if the final payment step isn’t accessible.

Don’t Let Product Filters Be a Barrier

Make Filters Keyboard-Friendly

Checkboxes, sliders, and dropdowns all need to be navigable via keyboard. That means ensuring users can Tab to each control, use arrow keys for sliders, and press Enter or Space to toggle checkboxes or confirm a selection.

Let Users Know What Filters Are Applied

Always make it clear which filters are currently active, both visually and programmatically (via ARIA attributes). This helps sighted users and people using screen readers track their selections and remove or adjust filters easily.

Stick to Native HTML Controls When Possible

While custom-styled checkboxes and radio buttons can look appealing, they often introduce accessibility quirks. Native HTML elements are easier to make accessible:
```
<fieldset>
  <legend>Filter by Size</legend>
  <label><input type="checkbox" name="size" value="small"> Small</label>
  <label><input type="checkbox" name="size" value="medium"> Medium</label>
  <label><input type="checkbox" name="size" value="large"> Large</label>
</fieldset>
```
You can style them to fit your brand while ensuring they work out of the box for most assistive tech. It’s one of the easiest ways to improve eCommerce accessibility.

Testing and Validating Your Work

Start with Automated Tools (But Don’t Stop There)

Tools like Google Lighthouse and WAVE are great starting points. They scan for many common issues, but automated tests can’t cover everything, especially more nuanced user interactions.

Test Manually with Real Assistive Tech

Grab a screen reader like NVDA (Windows) or VoiceOver (Mac). Try using only your keyboard to navigate the site. This hands-on approach reveals a lot about real-world usability that automated checks might miss—especially in areas related to eCommerce accessibility.

Get Feedback from Real Users

If you can, involve people with disabilities in your testing. Their direct experience helps pinpoint issues you might never notice on your own. Real-world feedback is invaluable for refining the shopping journey.

Small Fixes, Big Impact

Building an accessible eCommerce site doesn’t require a complete overhaul. Most improvements, like adding clear labels or structuring forms properly, are quick, incremental changes in your code. These small fixes can significantly enhance the experience for shoppers who rely on assistive technology—and often make the site more pleasant for everyone else as well.

If you want more detailed guidance or an expert review, there are plenty of resources on WCAG and web.dev. You can also team up with 216digital, where we specialize in making sure online stores meet eCommerce accessibility standards from start to finish. Whether you need help with checkout flows, product filtering, or a full-site audit, our team is here to ensure every shopper can complete their purchase with ease.

Remember: inclusive design isn’t just a checkbox—it’s a mindset. By prioritizing eCommerce accessibility at each step of your development process, you’ll build online shopping experiences that truly welcome everyone. And that’s good business for everyone involved.
Greg McNeil

April 4, 2025

How-to Guides

Accessibility, ecommerce website, How-to, WCAG Compliance, Web Accessibility, web developers, web development, Website Accessibility

Alt Text or Image Description? Why Accessibility Comes First

“Should you optimize for SEO or accessibility?” That’s the wrong question.

Let’s be honest—there’s a lot of confusion floating around online, especially on social media, about the difference between alt text and image descriptions. Some folks say you should cram keywords into alt tags. Others say just describe the image “vaguely” for the algorithm. Neither approach helps real people—and they don’t help your brand either.

This article clears things up. We’ll break down the key differences between alt text and image descriptions, explain how both support accessibility and SEO (yes, both!), and offer practical ways to use them well. The goal? Helping you create content that’s not just searchable, but actually usable—for everyone.

Because putting accessibility first doesn’t mean you have to sacrifice SEO. In fact, it means building digital spaces that work better for all users, including search engines.

What Is Alt Text?

Alt text—short for alternative text—is the text you add in HTML to describe an image. It looks something like this:

<img src="pancakes.jpg" alt="Pancakes" />

This little string of text has a few big jobs:

It shows up if an image doesn’t load.
It tells screen readers what the image is for users who can’t see it.
It can help with SEO if written well—but that’s not its main job.

Alt text is usually short and direct. Think “Chocolate cake on a plate” or “Man typing on laptop.” It’s added when you upload images to your website, blog, or CMS.

But here’s the catch: alt text can be too short. It doesn’t always provide enough detail, especially if you’re trying to convey mood, emotion, or complex ideas.

That’s where image descriptions come in.

What Are Image Descriptions?

An image description is a fuller explanation of what an image shows. It’s like telling a story with words instead of just naming what’s in the picture.

Here’s an example:

Alt Text: “Pancakes”

Image Description: “A tall stack of fluffy pancakes covered in golden syrup, powdered sugar, and slices of fresh strawberries and bananas on a white ceramic plate.”

See the difference?

Image descriptions give blind or visually impaired users a more complete picture of what everyone else sees. They may appear near the image in the caption, in surrounding content, or even inside ARIA labels for complex visuals like graphs or maps.

In short: alt text gives a label. Image descriptions give life.

Alt Tags vs. Image Descriptions: Key Differences

Let’s break this down side by side:

Alt Tags	Image Descriptions
Short, a few words	Full sentences
Placed in code (`alt=""`)	In visible content or metadata
Helps screen readers	Helps screen readers and gives more context
SEO-friendly	SEO-friendly
Often auto-generated	Often auto-generated

Think of alt tags as headlines. Image descriptions? They’re the full story.

How Image Descriptions Support Both Accessibility and SEO

Here’s the good news: you don’t have to choose between helping people and helping search engines. Done right, an image description does both.

Let’s say you’re a restaurant. Here’s an example of an image description could look:

“A stack of pancakes from Alexa’s Pancake House, topped with maple syrup, whipped cream, and sliced strawberries.”

This gives a full visual for screen reader users and includes relevant keywords (like your business name) in a natural way.

No stuffing. No tricks. Just useful, clear, descriptive writing.

Tips

Keep your writing simple and honest.
Use your keyword (like image description) naturally—don’t overdo it.
Don’t sacrifice clarity for search performance. Do both.

SEO Pitfalls That Undermine Accessibility

Now let’s talk about what not to do.

Some people think alt text is a great place to dump keywords. That’s a big accessibility mistake. Imagine using a screen reader and hearing:

“Pizza, best pizza, NYC pizza, cheap pizza, pizza restaurant.”

Helpful? Nope. Just frustrating.

Here’s What to Avoid

Keyword packing in alt attributes.
Using phrases that don’t describe the actual image.
Ignoring image descriptions altogether.

A Better Approach

Use short, honest alt text.
Add rich image descriptions nearby for complex images.
Use filenames, captions, and surrounding text to support SEO goals.

Why Accessibility Must Come First

Yes, SEO matters. But accessibility should always come first.

Why?

Because someone who is blind, low-vision, or has a cognitive disability deserves to understand your content just like everyone else. Accessibility means inclusion. It also means better design for all users—including those with slow connections, temporary impairments, or different learning needs.

And let’s not forget: choosing accessibility shows what your brand stands for.

It’s not just for websites either. Platforms like Instagram, Pinterest, and TikTok are full of visuals. People with disabilities use them every day. They deserve full, rich image descriptions too.

Best Practices for Writing Accessible Image Descriptions

Here’s how to get it right:

Keep It Clear and Concise: Avoid long, rambling sentences. Use plain language.
Be Contextual: What’s the purpose of the image? What matters in this moment?
Use Natural Language: Don’t write like a robot. Imagine you’re explaining the image to a friend who can’t see it.
Use Both When Needed: For things like infographics or charts, use a short alt tag and include a detailed image description nearby.
Test with Screen Readers: Listen to how your image description sounds aloud. Would someone understand it without seeing the image?

The Role of Content Creators, Developers, and Marketers

Creating accessible content is a team effort.

Writers and Content Creators: Should know how to write clear image descriptions that include important context.
Developers and Designers: Need to code alt attributes properly and make sure screen readers work well on their platforms.
Marketers and SEO Pros: Can drive results while still being inclusive. Collaboration with accessibility experts is key.

A Better Internet Starts with Better Habits

Here’s the takeaway: You can do both. But accessibility has to come first.

At 216digital, we believe digital accessibility isn’t optional—it’s part of building a better internet. Every well-written image description, every thoughtfully placed alt tag, every small decision adds up.

Not sure if your site is truly accessible? Wondering what your legal obligations are under the ADA?

We can help. Schedule an ADA Accessibility Briefing with our team. It’s your first step toward a more inclusive, compliant, and trustworthy online presence. Let’s build something better—together.

Greg McNeil

April 3, 2025

How-to Guides

Accessibility, Alt text, image description, SEO, WCAG, Web Accessibility

AI Accessibility Platform or Just an Overlay?
The digital accessibility space is flooded with promises. Some companies advertise sleek, one-click solutions to fix web accessibility issues overnight. They now call themselves an “AI accessibility platform” rather than what they truly are: overlays.

It sounds good. Who wouldn’t want artificial intelligence to solve complex compliance problems automatically? But here’s the catch: most of these so-called AI accessibility platforms are just rebranded overlays—front-end widgets that apply a visual layer over a website to appear accessible. They rarely address the root issues. Even worse, they can give businesses a false sense of compliance and leave disabled users frustrated.

What Is an Overlay, Really?

A web accessibility overlay is a third-party tool that’s added to a site through a snippet of JavaScript. It tries to modify the user experience dynamically. Common features include contrast toggles, font size adjustments, keyboard navigation enhancements, and screen reader fixes.

These overlays are easy to install and often marketed as a quick path to ADA or WCAG compliance. Some now claim to use AI to identify and fix accessibility issues in real-time. But while the buzzword changed, the fundamental technology hasn’t.

The AI Smokescreen

Labeling a product as an “AI accessibility platform” gives it an air of sophistication. But in many cases, artificial intelligence plays a minimal role—or none at all. Even when developers use AI to detect accessibility issues, it still can’t replace expert human review or hands-on code-level remediation.

Here’s why that matters:
- AI can miss context. It may detect that an image lacks alt text but can’t determine if the description is meaningful.
- AI can’t restructure content. Accessibility isn’t just about fixing what’s visible—it’s also about semantic structure, logical flow, and proper HTML.
- AI can’t interpret intent. True accessibility requires understanding the purpose of design and interaction elements. That takes human judgment.
In short, AI might help flag issues, but it can’t fix them at scale with the nuance needed for real-world usability.

The Real Risks of Relying on Overlays

Many businesses adopt AI accessibility platform, believing they’re safe from lawsuits. They’re not. In fact, overlays are now being cited in accessibility lawsuits. Plaintiffs and advocacy groups argue that these tools are ineffective and even obstructive.

The risks include:
- Legal exposure. Courts have increasingly ruled that overlays do not ensure ADA compliance. Plaintiffs with disabilities have successfully sued companies using these tools.
- Bad UX for disabled users. Overlays can conflict with screen readers, override user settings, or interfere with native assistive tech.
- False security. Businesses relying on accessibility widgets might mistakenly believe they’re protected, overlooking critical accessibility issues that thorough audits and remediation would easily identify. In fact, in 2024 alone, 1,023 companies using accessibility widgets on their websites faced lawsuits.
What Real Accessibility Looks Like

True digital accessibility is not a checkbox or a plugin. It’s a commitment to inclusivity that starts in your codebase. That means:
- Semantic HTML structure
- Meaningful alt text
- Keyboard navigability
- Proper ARIA roles
- Logical content order
- Form labels and error identification
These elements can’t be patched with JavaScript after the fact. They have to be built into the foundation of your site.

Expert-Led Accessibility Works

This is where companies like 216digital come in. Unlike overlay vendors, 216digital doesn’t promise overnight compliance. Instead, they deliver code-based accessibility services rooted in real expertise.

Their process includes:
- Manual audits by accessibility professionals
- Comprehensive WCAG testing across devices and assistive technologies
- Remediation services that fix issues in your site’s actual code
- Ongoing support to maintain compliance over time
This approach not only improves accessibility for users with disabilities but also strengthens your brand, SEO, and legal compliance.

Don’t Fall for AI Accessibility Platform

Rebranding overlays as “AI accessibility platforms” is a clever marketing move. But it doesn’t make them more effective. Businesses need to look past the buzzwords and focus on what truly matters: building accessible websites that work for real people.

Overlays offer a temporary illusion of compliance. But for lasting accessibility, legal protection, and a genuinely inclusive user experience, expert-led, code-based solutions are the only path forward.

If you’re serious about accessibility, skip the overlay. Choose real remediation. Choose a partner like 216digital who understands that accessibility isn’t just a feature—it’s a foundation.

Start by filling out the contact form below to schedule your complimentary ADA briefing with 216digital today.
Greg McNeil

April 2, 2025

Legal Compliance

Accessibility, Ai and Overlay Widgets, AI-driven accessibility, Overlay, WCAG, Web Accessibility, Widgets
Everything on Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act (AODA)
Did you know that one in five Ontarians has a disability? This means that a large segment of the population faces barriers many of us rarely consider—especially when going online. For businesses and website owners, ignoring accessibility can shut out customers who want your products or services but can’t navigate your site with ease. Creating an accessible experience isn’t just good practice; in Ontario, it’s also the law.

Ontario’s Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act (AODA) was introduced in 2005 to help reduce and remove barriers for people with disabilities. Many businesses still fall short of meeting AODA requirements, even though compliance is mandatory. This article will clarify key regulations under the AODA, explain why it matters, and offer actionable steps to ensure your website is accessible. By the end, you’ll feel more confident in your ability to meet these legal and ethical obligations.

A Quick Overview: What Is the AODA?

The Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act (AODA) is a landmark law passed in 2005. It sets out rules to make everyday life better for people with disabilities in Ontario. While the AODA covers physical spaces, such as ensuring ramps and wide aisles, it also applies to digital properties. In other words, your website, apps, and online documents fall under its scope.

By focusing on technology as well as brick-and-mortar locations, the AODA aims to provide equal access to everyone—whether they’re using a wheelchair, a screen reader, or any other assistive device.

Why was the AODA Needed?

Before the AODA became law, the Ontarians with Disabilities Act (ODA) tried to address similar issues. Passed in 2001, the ODA mainly targeted government agencies. Because it lacked strong enforcement tools, it didn’t do enough to break down barriers in the private and non-profit sectors.

Recognizing these gaps, lawmakers introduced the AODA. Unlike the ODA, the AODA has clear enforcement measures that can include significant penalties for organizations that fail to comply. By building on the lessons from the ODA, the AODA established a more forward-looking system. This system continues to evolve, raising expectations for businesses to be fully inclusive in both physical and virtual environments.

The 5 Standards of the AODA

The AODA is made up of five key standards. Each standard focuses on a different area of daily life, ensuring organizations take a broad approach to accessibility.

Customer Service

This standard ensures that people with disabilities can interact with businesses as smoothly as anyone else. Examples include providing sign language interpreters for events and making store aisles wide enough for wheelchairs or walkers.

Information and Communications

Under this standard, organizations must offer information in accessible formats—like braille, large print, or audio. Websites also need to be designed in ways that people with disabilities can use, which includes ensuring screen readers and other assistive tech can read the content correctly.

Employment

Employers must create equitable hiring and workplace practices. They might offer flexible work hours or specialized equipment to employees with disabilities. The goal is to remove barriers that keep talented individuals from fully contributing at work.

Transportation

Public transit, taxis, and specialized transport services must meet the needs of individuals with mobility, vision, or hearing challenges. This standard helps people with disabilities stay mobile, independent, and connected to their communities.

Design of Public Spaces

This part of the AODA deals with the built environment. It covers things like ramps, tactile guiding surfaces, and other physical accessibility features in newly constructed or renovated public spaces.

AODA and Web Accessibility Requirements

One of the most impactful parts of the AODA is its focus on web accessibility. Under the law, most public and private organizations in Ontario must make their websites comply with the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.1 Level AA. WCAG sets international standards for how to make online content accessible to people with various disabilities. The guidelines come in three levels: A, AA, and AAA. A is the most basic level, while AAA is the most strict. The AODA currently targets Level AA, striking a balance between practicality and inclusivity.

Core Elements of Compliance
- Keyboard-Only Navigation: Making sure users can move through a site without a mouse.
- Alt Text for Images: Providing descriptive text that screen readers can read aloud.
- Sufficient Color Contrast: Text and background colors need enough contrast for people with low vision to read easily.
- Resizable Text: Allowing users to enlarge text without losing important features.
- Assistive Technology Compatibility: Ensuring your site works well with screen readers, voice recognition, and other tools.
If your organization is in Ontario—be it a private company, non-profit, or government body—chances are you need to follow AODA web standards. Companies with 50 or more employees must also file accessibility reports, but even smaller companies should prioritize compliance to serve all customers properly.

AODA Enforcement and Penalties: What’s at Stake?

The Accessibility Directorate of Ontario is in charge of making sure the AODA is followed. If they find you in violation, they can issue warnings and fines. The amount depends on several things:
- How severe the violation is
- Whether it’s a first-time or repeat offense
- Whether it’s an individual or a corporation in violation
Fines can range from a few hundred dollars to $100,000 per day. Beyond the financial risk, non-compliance can harm your reputation. Consumers today expect brands to show responsibility and compassion. Failing to meet AODA requirements may lead potential customers to shop elsewhere.

How to Know if Your Website Is AODA-Compliant

Checking your website against AODA standards can be done in several ways. Automated tools can scan your pages for some basic issues, like missing alt text or poor color contrast. However, these tools only catch part of the problem. A manual audit done by professionals offers deeper insight, finding subtle issues that automated scans often miss—like improper link descriptions or confusing page layouts.

The best approach is usually a mix of both:
- Automated Checks: Quick and helpful for spotting coding errors and missing tags.
- Human Review: Experts test your site with screen readers and other assistive technologies, ensuring a more complete analysis.
Steps to Remediate Accessibility Issues

Achieving AODA compliance is a journey rather than a one-time fix. Here are key steps to help your organization move forward:

Learn WCAG Standards

Study the WCAG 2.0 Level AA requirements. Focus on text contrast, alt text, keyboard navigation, and other essentials.

Run an Accessibility Audit

Use online tools or consult with 216digital for a thorough website review. A professional audit can uncover issues that might go unnoticed with basic scans.

Fix Identified Issues

Some problems can be solved with simple changes like adding alt text or adjusting font sizes. Others might need deeper code updates or rethinking your site’s design.

Train Your Team

If your staff isn’t aware of accessibility best practices, problems will keep popping up. Educate content writers, graphic designers, and developers about inclusive design.

Stay Up to Date

WCAG guidelines and AODA regulations can evolve over time. Keep checking official sources or partner with an accessibility-focused service provider.

Implement Ongoing Monitoring

Tools like 216digital’s a11y.Radar can help you spot and fix new issues before they become major obstacles for users with disabilities.

Conclusion

Meeting the requirements of the AODA isn’t just about avoiding fines—it’s about treating all people with fairness and respect. By making your website accessible, you open your virtual doors to a larger audience, improve your public image, and stay on the right side of the law. More than that, you make a real difference in the lives of those who rely on accessible websites to work, shop, learn, and connect.

If you’re not sure where to begin, start by assessing your site for AODA compliance through an automated and manual audit. From there, put together a plan to fix errors, train staff, and keep up with any changes in the rules. If you need extra support, reach out to specialists like 216digital for expert guidance—whether you want help running an audit or need hands-on assistance to resolve complex issues.

Remember, accessibility isn’t a box you check once; it’s an ongoing commitment that benefits everyone. By embracing the AODA and focusing on web accessibility, you’re doing more than following the law—you’re building a better future for all Ontario residents and online visitors alike.
Greg McNeil

April 1, 2025

Legal Compliance

Accessibility, Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act, accessibility laws, AODA, International Accessibility Laws, Website Accessibility
How to Improve UX for Cognitive Disabilities
Cognitive disabilities can significantly influence how people explore and interpret online information. In many cases, individuals struggle to process, remember, or make sense of digital content unless it is designed with clarity in mind. For example, someone on the autism spectrum might need a consistent and distraction-free interface, while a person with dyslexia could have trouble reading dense paragraphs of text.

Thinking about these needs right from the start of the design process can make your website more inclusive for everyone. Improving usability for people with cognitive disabilities is not only the right thing to do—it also helps you meet legal requirements like the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). Plus, it can boost your business by opening your site to a broader audience, leading to higher user satisfaction and stronger customer loyalty.

Our goal in this article is to outline practical tips that help web designers, developers, and content creators build better experiences for users with cognitive disabilities. Let’s begin by exploring the challenges these users often face.

What Are Cognitive Disabilities, and Who Do They Affect?

Cognitive disabilities are conditions that affect how a person processes, remembers, or understands information. They can take many different forms, from difficulties in reading and language comprehension to struggles with focus, memory, or problem-solving. Although each individual experiences these conditions differently, thoughtful design can make a significant difference in how they interact with digital platforms.

Conditions to Keep in Mind
- Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): Sensitive to sensory overload, prefers predictable layouts and calm environments.
- Dyslexia: Trouble reading and decoding words—clear fonts and layouts help a lot.
- ADHD: Easily distracted, especially on cluttered or busy websites.
- Dyscalculia: Difficulty working with numbers and completing financial tasks.
- Low Literacy: Struggles with reading complex or technical language.
- Short-Term Memory Issues: Finds it hard to follow long, multi-step instructions.
What Makes the Web Difficult to Use?

People with cognitive disabilities often face challenges when using digital content. Here are a few examples:
- Too Much Information: Crowded pages with lots of text or flashing images can feel overwhelming.
- Hard-to-Read Language: Long words or technical terms may confuse readers.
- Unclear Instructions: Vague directions can stop someone from completing a task.
- Tricky Navigation: Menus that change often or aren’t labeled well can make it hard to move around.
- Time Limits: People with cognitive disabilities may need more time to think or read.
By understanding these barriers, we can start designing websites that work better for everyone.

Design That Works: Simple Ways to Improve the Experience

You don’t need to be an expert to make a difference. Here are some easy ways to help users with cognitive disabilities feel more supported and confident online:

Clear and Simple Design Helps Users with Cognitive Disabilities
- Use Descriptive Labels: Clearly label buttons, links, and forms to reduce confusion.
- Maintain Consistency: Use consistent colors, fonts, and layouts to make your site predictable.
- Give Control to Users: Avoid auto-playing videos or endless scrolling; let users control animations.
- Provide Clear Instructions: Highlight required fields and clearly state what’s expected.
- Avoid Unnecessary Time Limits: Allow users with cognitive disabilities extra time or options to extend limits.
- Reduce Memory Demands: Enable copy-pasting for information like verification codes.
- Include Easy Help Options: Offer visible help buttons or live chat support.
Use Friendly and Simple Language
- Simplify Your Language: Use short sentences and avoid technical jargon to support users with cognitive disabilities.
- Write Short, Clear Sentences: Bullet points, short paragraphs, and lists make content easier to understand.
- Add Visual Aids: Icons, images, and short videos can explain content better.
- Offer Clear Error Messages: Clearly explain errors and solutions.
- Keep Terminology Consistent: Use the same words consistently to avoid confusion.
- Optimize Headings and Links: Use descriptive headings and link texts like “Learn more about cognitive disabilities.”
Create a Helpful Layout
- Break Down Tasks: Use steps and progress indicators for complex tasks.
- Use Clear Headings: Properly tag headings to organize content logically.
- Include Visual Cues: Highlight important information with bold text or icons, ensuring good color contrast.
- Use White Space: Space out text and visuals to prevent cognitive overload.
- Allow Customization: Enable users to adjust font sizes and hide unnecessary content.
Web Accessibility Testing for Cognitive Disabilities

Automated Tools Aren’t Enough

Automated tools are useful for catching technical errors but fall short when it comes to evaluating cognitive accessibility. They often miss confusing content or overwhelming layouts. Still, they’re a great place to start.

Tools like Google Lighthouse or WAVE by WebAIM can scan your site for issues such as inconsistent headings, missing form labels, and poor color contrast—factors that contribute to cognitive overload.

Prioritize User Testing

Real user feedback is crucial. Invite individuals with various cognitive disabilities to test your website. Use moderated sessions or remote tools like UserZoom, PlaybookUX, or Lookback to gather feedback. Watching how users interact with your site in real time offers insights that no automated scan can provide.

Commit to Continuous Improvement

Accessibility is not a one-time task—it requires regular attention and maintenance. Revisit your site routinely and re-test after updates to stay aligned with evolving standards. While automated scanners help flag issues, pairing them with ongoing human review ensures a more complete understanding of your site’s accessibility.

For long-term support, consider using an accessibility monitoring platform. A service like 216digital’s a11y.radar can help track accessibility over time, spot recurring problems, and support timely updates. Monitoring also provides valuable data to guide improvements and measure progress.

Keep It Simple, Keep It Kind

Designing with these challenges in mind is both a moral responsibility and a way to broaden your reach. By reducing cognitive load, simplifying language, and maintaining a well-organized layout, you can create a website that is easier to use and welcoming for people who face challenges with concentration, memory, or reading comprehension.

Remember that web accessibility is not just a one-time fix but an ongoing journey. Through regular testing, user feedback, and updates, you can keep your site aligned with modern accessibility standards and user expectations.

For businesses seeking expert guidance on making their digital experiences more accessible, 216digital offers tailored solutions that enhance usability and ensure compliance. By prioritizing users with cognitive disabilities, we foster an online world where everyone feels capable, respected, and included.

Every small step you take toward making your site more inclusive counts. By learning about best practices, applying user feedback, and reaching out for expert help when needed, you can build platforms that truly welcome and support all people—including those with cognitive disabilities.
Greg McNeil

March 31, 2025

The Benefits of Web Accessibility

Accessibility, cognitive disabilities, WCAG, Website Accessibility
Alt Text: Why Marketing Copy Hurts Accessibility
Have you ever hovered over an image on a webpage and noticed a small snippet of text appear? That text is called “alt text,” and it plays a powerful role in how people experience your site—especially those who rely on screen readers. Yet it often remains an afterthought. That’s a problem. When handled correctly, it not only helps visually impaired users understand your images, but it can also support your SEO goals. On the other hand, stuffing alt text with keywords or using it as hidden ad space can frustrate visitors and hurt your search rankings.

In this article, you’ll learn why alternative text matters, how it benefits both accessibility and SEO, and how to write it in a clear, concise, and helpful way rather than a spammy or sales-focused one. Whether you’re a solo entrepreneur, a web developer, or part of a digital marketing team, these principles will help you craft alt text that meets user needs without alienating search engines—or your audience.

Why Alt Text Matters

Imagine you’re shopping for a laptop case online, and you can’t see the product images. Screen reader users rely on alt text to “hear” what’s happening in each image, from color to texture. If it is nothing more than “Get the best laptop case here,” that user is left with zero details about the product. They might simply leave for a site that offers the information they need. When you write alt text that clearly states “Black leather laptop case with a zipper and handle,” you empower all customers, including those with visual impairments, to make informed decisions.

SEO Wins

Search engines analyze alt text to better understand what each image represents. This can give your site a leg up in search rankings for relevant queries. However, algorithms have grown smart enough to recognize keyword-stuffed or spammy text. If your alt text reads like a desperate attempt to shoehorn “laptop case” 10 times, you might do more harm than good. Concise, descriptive text helps Google and other search engines match your site with the people who genuinely want to find your products.

Common Alt Text Pitfalls

Keyword Overuse

It can be tempting to sneak in extra keywords to boost SEO. But endless repetition—like “car seat protector, seat protector for cars, vinyl seat protector”—makes the text clunky and unhelpful. Search algorithms can detect spammy patterns, and users who rely on screen readers will find the repetition tedious or confusing.

Marketing Copy Disguised as Descriptions

Some site owners treat alt text fields as free ad space, writing something like:

“Our top-selling leather laptop case, now 20% off! Don’t miss this exclusive deal—buy today!“

While it may read like a catchy tagline, it doesn’t describe the image. A screen reader user learns nothing about color, texture, or design. Plus, Google doesn’t benefit from vague promotional language and might even flag your page as low-quality.

Empty or Missing Alt Text

Perhaps the biggest mistake is neglecting alt text entirely. In that case, a screen reader user hears nothing—just empty space—making it impossible to engage with or understand the image. If a product image is critical to your sales, that’s a huge missed opportunity.

Repeating “Image of”

Screen readers already announce that an element is an image. If your alt text says “Image of a black laptop case,” it’s redundant. Jump straight to the essential details: “Black leather laptop case with a zipper and handle.”

Writing Alt Text the Right Way

Focus on Real Descriptions

The primary function of alt text is to describe the image so someone can visualize it through words. For a black vinyl car seat protector, a simple yet complete phrase might be:

“Black vinyl seat protector on the driver’s seat with a zippered pocket.”

This gives useful details while remaining concise—no filler like “best seat protector,” no repeated keywords, and no promotional language.

Keep It Concise Yet Informative

Alt text generally doesn’t need to be more than one or two short sentences. Offer key details without overwhelming the user. For a laptop case, mentioning the color, material, and whether it has a handle or zipper is usually enough. Screen reader users just need the essentials to identify or comprehend the image.

Context Is Important

If the image has a functional role—like a button or a link—clarify that. For instance, if users click an image to add a product to their cart:

“Add to cart button for black vinyl seat protector”

This way, a screen reader announces the function, not just the object in the image.

Skip Redundant Phrases

Screen readers typically announce that an element is an image, so writing “Image of” or “Graphic showing” is unnecessary. Go straight into the description. It keeps your text short and saves valuable time for the user.

The Real-World Impact of Bad Alt Text

Frustrating Users

When alt text is stuffed with marketing copy or random keywords, it becomes meaningless for users with visual impairments. They hear a repetitive sales pitch instead of valuable information. This frustration often leads them to abandon your site, which hurts your brand image—and your bottom line.

Possible Legal Ramifications

In an era of heightened focus on digital accessibility, businesses risk legal consequences by not meeting basic standards. Some organizations have faced lawsuits for failing to include alt text. While legal outcomes vary by location and industry, it’s best to be proactive.

Lower Search Engine Rankings

Search engines want to display content that offers value. If your alt text is obviously spammy or unhelpful, algorithms may penalize your pages or push them further down the results. A high bounce rate—where users leave quickly due to poor user experience—also signals to Google that your site isn’t meeting visitor needs.

Practical Steps to Improve Your Alt Text

Conduct an Alt Text Audit

Start by reviewing your site for missing or poor-quality alt text. Tools like the WAVE Web Accessibility Evaluation Tool highlight potential issues. Many SEO platforms also include site audits that can reveal duplicated alternative text text or keyword stuffing.

Leverage AI Judiciously

AI can be a lifesaver if you have thousands of product images. Tools like Google Vision offer automated descriptions, but they’re not always accurate. AI might misidentify colors or add superfluous words, so always review automatically generated alt text for accuracy and clarity.

Follow Recognized Guidelines

The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) provide standardized advice on writing effective alternative. Aim to:
- Describe the image’s important details.
- Keep it concise.
- Skip filler words like “picture of.”
- Use empty alt text (alt=" ") for purely decorative images that don’t add information.
Test with Real Users

Whenever possible, invite screen reader users to test your site. No automated tool can replace real feedback from people who use assistive technology daily. They’ll quickly tell you if your alt text is too vague, too repetitive, or missing crucial details. Their firsthand insights can highlight any confusion or gaps.

Best Practices at a Glance
- Prioritize clarity: Let users know exactly what they’re “seeing” through your words.
- Stick to relevant details: Think color, material, function, or context—not ad slogans.
- Limit keywords: A single, well-placed keyword can assist SEO. Overuse can sabotage it.
- Adapt to the image: Product angles differ, so describe each image’s unique perspective.
- Check surrounding text: If “black laptop case” appears in the product name next to the image, you may not need to repeat it in the alt text.
Conclusion

In today’s competitive online environment, you can’t afford to overlook the importance of alt text. A single line of well-chosen words can be the difference between an inclusive, intuitive user experience and a site that feels incomplete to a significant segment of your audience. By writing concise, descriptive alt text—free from keyword stuffing and promotional fluff—you create a more welcoming website and help search engines better understand your content.

If you’re ready to enhance your site’s accessibility while protecting its SEO standing, consider partnering with 216digital. We’ll help you fine-tune your alt text (and the rest of your site) so that every visitor, whether they see your images or hear them described, gets the information they need. Embracing accessibility and clarity isn’t just the right thing to do—it’s also a savvy move for your online presence.
Greg McNeil

March 28, 2025

The Benefits of Web Accessibility

Accessibility, Alt text, How-to, Image Alt Text, Marketing, SEO, WCAG, Website Accessibility
Accordion Accessibility: Common Issues & Fixes
Organizing content effectively on the web is about more than just layout—it’s about usability and inclusivity. When users are forced to scroll through long pages of uninterrupted text, the experience becomes inefficient and frustrating.

Enter accordion components: interactive UI elements that allow content sections to be expanded or collapsed. When implemented correctly, accordion accessibility streamlines navigation and improves content organization. However, if accessibility is overlooked, these helpful components can quickly become barriers.

This guide explores how to design accessible accordion components that enhance the user experience and meet all users’ needs—regardless of their abilities. We’ll cover best practices for structure, semantics, ARIA attributes, keyboard support, and implementation strategies to help you build inclusive, user-friendly interfaces.

Why Accordion Accessibility Matters

Accordions are essential: they reduce visual clutter and allow users to interact with content on their terms. Whether it’s an FAQ page, a product feature breakdown, or technical documentation, accordions help surface only the content that matters at the moment.

However, it’s crucial to remember that not all users interact with content similarly. Screen reader users, keyboard-only users, and others with varying access needs must be able to operate accordions just as easily as those using a mouse or touchscreen. Accessible design isn’t just a nice-to-have—it’s an essential component of responsible development.

The Building Blocks of an Accordion Accessibility-Friendly Component

1. Structure: Header and Panel

Every accordion should be composed of two core parts:

Header (Trigger)

A clickable element (typically a <button>) that users activate to show or hide content. It usually includes a descriptive label and may feature visual indicators like arrows or plus/minus icons.

Panel (Content)

The content is associated with the header. It should be hidden from view and keyboard focus when collapsed and fully accessible when expanded.

For effective accordion accessibility, each header must be clearly linked to its corresponding panel—visually for sighted users and programmatically for assistive technologies.

2. Keyboard Navigation

One of the most common accessibility pitfalls with accordion components is insufficient keyboard support. If users can’t operate your interface without a mouse, it’s not accessible.

Your accordion must support the following interactions:
- Tab / Shift + Tab: Move between focusable elements, including accordion headers.
- Enter or Space: Expand or collapse the currently focused header.
- Arrow Up / Arrow Down: Navigate between accordion headers.
- Home / End: Jump to the first or last header within the accordion group.
By supporting these interactions, you ensure that keyboard users have the same level of control as mouse users.

3. Use Semantic HTML

Semantic HTML provides the backbone of accessibility. It ensures assistive technologies can understand the structure and function of your content without additional cues.

Best Practices for Accordion Accessibility
- Use heading elements (<h3>, <h4>, etc.) to maintain the document outline.
- Place a <button> inside the heading to toggle visibility.
- Wrap panel content in a <div> that follows its associated button.
Why <button> and not <div> or <a>?

Buttons are keyboard-focusable by default, accessible to screen readers, and support interactions like Enter and Space. Enter and Space. If you rely on <div> or <a> for toggling, you’ll need extra code to achieve the same level of accordion accessibility.

4. Implementing ARIA Attributes

ARIA (Accessible Rich Internet Applications) attributes enhance accessibility when native HTML doesn’t fully express an element’s role or state. In custom accordions, these attributes help communicate dynamic behavior to assistive technologies.

ARIA Attributes for Accordion Accessibility
- aria-expanded: Indicates the panel’s expanded (true) or collapsed (false) state. Applied to the button.
- aria-controls: Points to the id of the panel controlled by the button.
- aria-labelledby: Applied to the panel, this links it back to its header button for context.
- aria-hidden:Use decorative icons or non-informative content to prevent screen readers from announcing them.
These attributes ensure that screen reader users receive clear, relevant information about the accordion’s behavior and structure.

Implementation Examples

Option 1: Native HTML with <details> and <summary>

For a semantic-first approach, HTML offers a native accordion-like behavior:
```
<details>
  <summary>Shipping Information</summary>
  <div>
    <p>We offer free shipping on orders over $50...</p>
  </div>
</details>
```
Pros
- Minimal code
- Built-in keyboard support
- Accessible by default in modern browsers
Cons
- Styling can be limited
- Inconsistent support across all assistive technologies
This is a great lightweight option for simple use cases but may fall short in more complex interfaces.

Option 2: Custom JavaScript Accordion with ARIA

If you need more control, a custom accordion allows full styling and behavior management—just be sure to handle accordion accessibility properly.

HTML Structure
```
<h3>
  <button aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="panel1" id="accordion1">
    Shipping Info
  </button>
</h3>
<div id="panel1" role="region" aria-labelledby="accordion1" hidden>
  <p>We offer free shipping on orders over $50...</p>
</div>
```
JavaScript snippet
```
const buttons = document.querySelectorAll('button[aria-expanded]'); buttons.forEach((button) => { const toggleAccordion = () => { const expanded = button.getAttribute('aria-expanded') === 'true'; button.setAttribute('aria-expanded', String(!expanded)); const panel = document.getElementById(button.getAttribute('aria-controls')); panel.hidden = expanded; }; button.addEventListener('click', toggleAccordion); button.addEventListener('keydown', (event) => { if (event.key === 'Enter') { toggleAccordion(); } }); });
```
This implementation not only handles basic interaction but also improves navigation for keyboard users. Combined with semantic structure and ARIA, it creates a robust and inclusive experience.

Best Practices to Keep in Mind
- Use Clear Labels: Avoid generic labels like “Section 1.” Use descriptive headers that make sense out of context.
- Provide Visual Cues: Arrows or plus/minus icons help users understand that a section is expandable. Consider animations that reinforce open/close behavior.
- Maintain Focus Indicators: Never remove focus outlines unless you’re replacing them with custom indicators that are just as visible.
- Be Selective with Accordions: Don’t hide critical content. It should be visible by default if the information is essential (e.g., pricing, legal disclaimers).
Testing Accessibility

Even well-intended implementations can miss the mark without testing. Include accessibility testing as part of your development workflow:
- Keyboard-Only Testing: Navigate the accordion entirely by keyboard.
- Screen Reader Testing: Use tools like NVDA, JAWS, or VoiceOver to check for correct announcements.
- Automated Tools: Run your component through tools like WAVE, or Lighthouse to identify missing attributes or ARIA misuse.
- Manual Code Review: Double-check that all attributes, labels, and roles are properly implemented.
Final Thoughts

Accessible accordions do more than organize content—they foster a better, more inclusive web. By prioritizing structure, semantics, ARIA roles, and thoughtful interaction design, you empower all users to engage with your content meaningfully.

If you’re unsure where to start or want to ensure your components meet accessibility standards, consider working with an experienced accessibility partner like 216digital. We specialize in helping teams build digital experiences that work for everyone—by default, and with accordion accessibility baked in.
Greg McNeil

March 27, 2025

How-to Guides

Accessibility, accordion, accordion accessibility, How-to, web developers, web development, Website Accessibility
How WCAG 1.3.1 Supports Cognitive Disabilities
Have you ever landed on a website where everything feels jumbled and disorganized? You’re left scrolling and clicking aimlessly, struggling to find exactly what you’re looking for. While that’s frustrating for anyone, imagine how overwhelming it can be for people who live with cognitive disabilities—conditions that impact concentration, memory, and decision-making.

That’s exactly why WCAG 1.3.1 exists—to help make sure your website’s information is structured clearly enough for everyone, including those using assistive technologies, to understand it. WCAG 1.3.1 ensures your site’s headings, labels, lists, and content flow are similarly clear, logical, and user-friendly.

Considering more than 10% of U.S. adults experience cognitive disabilities, overlooking these details can unintentionally exclude a significant audience from fully engaging with your site. By understanding and applying WCAG 1.3.1, you’ll create a digital space that feels welcoming and intuitive for everyone—no matter how they access your content.

What Is WCAG Success Criterion 1.3.1?

WCAG 1.3.1 is part of the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.0 at Level A, falling under the “Perceivable” category. If that sounds a bit abstract, think of it like sorting a stack of papers into clearly labeled folders. Without labels or folders, everything’s just a heap of documents. That’s no fun for anyone—especially when you’re in a rush to find something specific.

In web terms, WCAG 1.3.1 means your headings, lists, and form labels should make sense both visually and in the background code. This way, a screen reader can “see” the right order of information. If you’re only styling text to make it bold or bigger instead of using proper headings, you might be leaving people who rely on assistive technology in the dark.

A well-structured site is like a neatly organized book: each section has a clear title, bullet points highlight the big ideas, and you don’t have to guess where to look next.

But here’s the important part: WCAG 1.3.1 goes beyond just how things look. It ensures that the underlying relationships in your content—like which label belongs to which form field—are crystal clear to anyone using a screen reader or navigating with a keyboard. It’s basically an invitation for everyone to participate comfortably, no matter what tools they use to browse.

How WCAG 1.3.1 Supports Individuals with Cognitive Disabilities

Before diving into specific tips, let’s talk a bit about what cognitive disabilities actually are. These cover a wide range of challenges with attention, memory, problem-solving, and more. Here are a few common examples, along with how WCAG 1.3.1 makes their digital lives easier:

ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder)

People with ADHD might find it really tough to focus if a page is cluttered or if the layout changes all the time. Too many pop-ups, ads, or random bold headings can be a nightmare.

By keeping a consistent layout, using proper headings, and breaking text into smaller chunks, you give users with ADHD fewer distractions so they can quickly find what they need.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

Some individuals on the autism spectrum thrive on predictability. Sudden layout changes or bright, blinking ads can cause stress or confusion.

Predictable navigation, clearly marked headings, and removing “visual clutter” create a smoother, calmer experience. When you group information logically, it’s like giving users a map that helps them explore your site at their own pace.

Dyslexia

Large blocks of unbroken text can be overwhelming for someone with dyslexia. Inconsistent fonts or formatting can make reading even harder.

Clear headings, logical order, and bullet points break down the content into manageable pieces. This lets readers focus on one idea at a time instead of getting lost in a long wall of text.

Remember, WCAG 1.3.1 isn’t just a fancy acronym. It’s a set of principles that tell you how to code and structure your site so people with various cognitive disabilities—and really, all people—can find what they’re looking for without extra stress.

Best Practices to Implement WCAG 1.3.1

Use Proper HTML Markup
- Headings (<h1> to <h6>): Mark each section appropriately. It’s like having chapters and sub-chapters in a well-organized book.
- Lists (<ul>, <ol>, <li>): Want to highlight key points or steps in a process? Use real list tags. These help people scan for main ideas.
- Tables (<th>, <caption>): If you share data, make sure tables have clear headers, so screen readers can point out each column accurately.
- Form Labels (<label> for <input>): Even a small tweak—like changing “Email” to “Email Address”—can help a lot.
Make Labels and Associations Meaningful
- Descriptive Form Labels: Be specific. “Name” could mean first name, last name, or both. “Full Name” is clearer and reduces guesswork for users who rely on assistive tools.
- Grouping Related Form Elements: If you’re asking for billing and shipping information, use <fieldset> and <legend> to separate them. It’s like labeling two different drawers in the same cabinet.
Keep a Logical Reading Order
- Match Visual and Code Order: If your page appears in a certain order visually, make sure the code follows that same flow. That way, screen readers read the content in the correct sequence.
- Avoid Layout Tables: Using tables to position content might scramble the reading order for assistive technologies. Stick to headings, sections, and CSS for layout.
- Check CSS: Sometimes, fancy layouts shift elements around so that a screen reader says one thing while you’re visually seeing something else.
Allow Alternative Navigation Methods
- Use ARIA Landmarks: Elements like <nav>, <main>, and <aside> tell assistive tools what each section is for.
- Keyboard Accessibility: Make sure users can reach all buttons and links by using the Tab key. Some folks don’t or can’t use a mouse.
Common Mistakes to Watch Out For

Depending on Style Instead of Structure

For instance, using large bold text to indicate a heading but never actually marking it with <h2> or <h3>.

Overloading with Unstructured Content

Huge paragraphs with no headings, lists, or visual breaks can make reading a challenge for anyone, let alone someone with a cognitive disability.

Skipping Testing

Even if your code looks good, testing with screen readers or keyboard-only setups can reveal hidden problems. If possible, invite real users with disabilities to test your site and share feedback.

Better Structure Means Better Accessibility

When you boil it all down, WCAG 1.3.1 is about one key idea: making your content easy to understand and navigate. By using proper headings, clear labels, and logical order, you’re welcoming people with ADHD, ASD, dyslexia, and other cognitive disabilities into a space where they can comfortably engage with your content. And really, that’s a win for everyone. A well-organized site helps users who don’t have disabilities, too, because it’s simply easier to use.

If you want to stay ahead in the accessibility world, WCAG 1.3.1 is a great place to start. It doesn’t have to be a big, daunting project, either. Sometimes, small changes—like adding more headings or re-labeling form fields—can make a huge difference in someone’s online experience.

If you’re ready to optimize your site’s structure for everyone’s benefit, 216digital can guide you through each step. Our team will help you make sure your site meets WCAG 1.3.1 standards without losing any of your own unique style or branding.
Greg McNeil

March 26, 2025

WCAG Compliance

Accessibility, WCAG, WCAG Compliance, WCAG conformance, Web Accessibility
What Is Audio Description?
Imagine trying to enjoy a movie when you can’t actually see what’s on the screen. Suddenly, a huge portion of the story—communicated by the actors’ gestures, the set design, and other visual elements—becomes almost impossible to follow. This is where audio description comes in.

For people who are blind or have low vision, audio description is a vital tool that helps them understand what is happening on screen. It turns visual information—like who is walking, what they are wearing, and how they move—into words that fill in the gaps left by dialogue alone. By including audio descriptions, developers can help build a more inclusive internet that meets everyone’s needs.

What Is Audio Description?

Audio description (AD) is defined as “the verbal depiction of key visual elements in media and live productions.” It is a spoken narration that explains what viewers would normally learn from sight alone. AD covers facial expressions, important movements, scene changes, costumes, and on-screen text. Think of AD as the spoken equivalent of alt text for images. Just like alt text describes a picture’s contents when you can’t see it, audio description tells you what is happening visually when you are unable to follow by sight.

Because so many key story elements are conveyed without dialogue, AD ensures blind or low-vision users are not missing out. For instance, a character might make a worried face or show a letter to another actor without saying anything. Without words describing these details, viewers may lose track of the story. That is why this accessibility measure is so important—not just for visual comprehension, but also for equal participation in popular culture.

How Is Audio Description Created?

Creating audio descriptions is both an art and a science. It calls for careful planning and precision so the narration enriches the original content without interrupting dialogue or other important sounds. In general, there are two main steps: writing the script and voicing the narration.

Writing the Script

A trained describer, or sometimes an automated tool, watches the content and notes crucial visual elements that are not otherwise explained. This includes body language, set design, and even text on signs. A human writer can craft a highly accurate script, but some creators use AI-generated drafts as a starting point. A hybrid approach—AI plus human editing—can offer speed and cost benefits while maintaining quality. Once the script is ready, it is carefully timed to fit into breaks between lines of dialogue or music cues.

Voicing the Description

The next step is to record the narration. Human-voiced AD typically uses professional voice actors who can deliver the right tone and clarity. An alternative is synthesized speech, where a computer-generated voice reads the script. This can be faster and cheaper but might lack the warmth and nuance a human can provide. After recording, an audio engineer mixes the new narration with the existing soundtrack. Quality assurance is essential: the final version must be clear, accurate, and properly timed so it helps the viewer without overwhelming the original audio. Many organizations also test the finished product with actual users to confirm it meets their needs.

How Is Audio Description Published?

When it comes to publishing audio descriptions online, developers have a variety of technical approaches:
- User-Selectable Audio Track: Many streaming services and video players provide a separate track that includes AD, often referred to as a Secondary Audio Program (SAP).
- Pre-Mixed Versions: Sometimes, the AD is integrated directly into the main audio track, so every listener hears the narration by default.
- Extended or Integrated Descriptive Audio: In content with rapid action, an extended track may pause or slow the video to allow sufficient time for detailed narration.
- Separate Files on Streaming Platforms: Services like Netflix, Disney+, and Amazon Prime frequently offer multiple audio versions, including AD, which viewers can select. Physical media (DVDs, Blu-rays) often include these options too.
- Mobile Apps and Live Performances: Apps can synchronize real-time narration with a live show or museum exhibit, allowing users to hear descriptions without disturbing others.
- Text-Based Alternatives: If adding audio tracks isn’t feasible, a WebVTT description track can be paired with a screen reader to deliver the same information through speech.
Benefits of Audio Description

While the primary users of this feature are people who are blind or have low vision, there are many others who benefit. Students who like to listen to content while taking notes, commuters who cannot watch a screen, and people who multitask all gain from this practice. Even individuals seated far from a display or those preferring a more multi-sensory viewing experience can find it helpful.

For content creators, adding audio descriptions can grow their audience and boost engagement. Accessibility also supports legal compliance in many regions, protecting organizations from potential lawsuits or fines. Beyond that, it improves a brand’s reputation by demonstrating care for all viewers. Some producers have even seen gains in search engine optimization (SEO) when they create written scripts or transcriptions as part of the process, which can lead to better discoverability of their content online.

Alternative to Audio Description

In some cases, offering audio descriptions may not be possible or practical due to limited budgets, time constraints, or technical hurdles. Still, there are alternatives that can help ensure some level of accessibility:
- Descriptive Transcripts: A transcript that includes not just dialogue, but also details on the visuals. This gives readers enough information to follow the narrative independently.
- Captions with Added Context: Although captions are mostly designed for viewers who are deaf or hard of hearing, they can be adjusted to include simple notes like “[John grins]” or “[Mary enters the room],” aiding those who need more visual context.
- Embedded Descriptions in Dialogue: Some creators write scripts that naturally mention key visuals, such as, “Look at that bright red balloon floating into the clear sky!” This type of embedded language can fill in some gaps without a formal AD track.
- Assistive Technology Integration: Proper use of HTML, ARIA labels, and structured content can also help screen readers convey visual information more effectively.
- Live Describer Services: For virtual events or video calls, a live describer can offer on-the-fly narration. This can be a good choice if you cannot embed pre-recorded descriptions in the media.
Why Audio Description Is Worth Prioritizing

At its heart, accessibility is about recognizing each person’s perspective. When web developers and content creators integrate audio descriptions into their videos, they do more than fulfill legal requirements: they make a statement that everyone belongs. By adding thoughtful narration, you help paint the full picture for anyone who can’t see it, broadening your audience and enriching the viewing experience for all. Even small improvements can bring about major changes in how people engage with your content.

Collaborating with experts, like the team at 216digital, can guide you through each step, from scripting to publishing. In the end, it isn’t just another feature—it’s a powerful bridge to inclusivity, ensuring nobody is left out of the story.
Greg McNeil

March 25, 2025

How-to Guides, WCAG Compliance

audio description, captions, videos and audio content, WCAG, WCAG conformance
How to Make Your Marketing More Accessible

You know how important marketing is already. But the real question is: Who’s not getting your message?

It’s easy to assume your carefully crafted campaigns are reaching everyone—but are they? What about someone using a screen reader? Or someone experiencing cognitive overload from flashing images or cluttered layouts?

You’re already working with engagement rates, algorithms, and design trends if you’re a marketer or content creator. So why do you need to worry about accessibility, too? Because accessible marketing is not optional—it’s necessary if you want to reach more, protect your brand, and build more trust.

Let’s parse out the ways that accessibility intersects with marketing now—and how it actually puts you ahead in terms of competition.

Why Accessibility Matters in Marketing

Grow Your Audience—Organically

Consider this: nearly 16% of people globally possess a disability that affects how they use the internet. If your content or site isn’t accessible, you’re missing out on a significant portion of your audience. Adding accessible marketing helps those individuals, but it also has the effect of simplifying and enhancing the experience for all, making your brand more desirable and accessible.

Improve Your Brand’s Credibility

Audiences today notice—and appreciate—brands that are concerned with being inclusive. Brands like Microsoft and Apple have established trust by being considerate and inclusive behaviors. By adopting accessible marketing, you’re broadcasting a message loud and clear: you genuinely care about your audience. That sincerity boosts customer loyalty and turns customers into brand ambassadors.

Get a Natural SEO Boost

Here’s a practical advantage: accessible marketing tends to coincide with SEO best practices. Descriptive text and clear, well-structured content help search engines and assistive technologies comprehend your content better. By making your site more accessible, you’ll not only enhance user experience but also perhaps enhance your search result visibility.

Stay Compliant and Reduce Risk

You’re probably familiar with accessibility laws like the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and guidelines such as Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG). Ignoring these standards can lead to serious legal consequences—something no brand wants to face. By integrating accessible marketing into your strategies, you proactively avoid these risks, protecting your business and its reputation.

Website Accessibility Tips

Make Your Content Easy to Navigate

Attempt to use only the Tab key to navigate through your site. Is it easy and self-evident? Good usage of headings (H1, H2, H3) isn’t all about design appearance—it helps users navigate without hindrance, especially those who rely on assistive technologies.

Always Add Alt Text to Images

Alt text is a short description of an image. Screen readers use this text to describe the image aloud for people who can’t see it. For example, if you have a photo of a smiling person holding a dog, your alt text could say, “A woman holding a small brown dog and laughing.”

When writing alt text, be clear and concise. Provide enough information so someone can imagine the picture if they can’t see it. This step takes only a few seconds per image, but it goes a long way in making sure everyone can follow along.

Use Clear Language and Short Sentences

Plain language is your friend. It cuts out fluff and makes your message easier to understand. Not everyone enjoys reading long paragraphs loaded with big words. Simple wording often performs better because people grasp the idea quickly. Then, they can respond, share, or buy without confusion.

Try to limit long sentences. If a sentence feels like it’s going on forever, break it into two. This helps your audience read faster and makes screen readers work better.

Check Keyboard Navigation and Focus Indicators

Not everybody is a mouse user. Well-designed visible keyboard focus indicators make it easy for users with keyboard navigation or assistive device users to access your site with ease.

Be Careful With Animated Content

Animated or blinking content can be distracting or even harmful to some users. When you use animations, always provide an easy way to pause or disable them.

Social Media Accessibility Best Practices

Alt Text Isn’t Just for Websites

Image descriptions (alt text) are supported by most social media platforms these days. Make it a habit—you’re taking a simple step toward accessible marketing.

Format Hashtags Clearly

Hashtags like #MarketingTips2023 (all capitals) are more screen-reader friendly than all-lowercase counterparts, increasing accessibility right away.

Limit Emoji Usage

Emojis are great, but they should be used only sparingly. Excessive emoji usage will provide messy audio experiences for screen reader users.

Tag Your Links with Care

“Click Here” is useless. Descriptive words like “Find our latest products” will all inform users properly of the intent of the link.

Multimedia Accessibility Strategies

Use Captions and Transcripts

Video marketing is a big part of many brands’ strategies. But some viewers are deaf or hard of hearing. Others can’t use sound at certain times, like when they’re in a library or a busy coffee shop. Closed captions let them follow the video’s message without hearing the audio.

A transcript is also helpful. It’s a written version of all the spoken words and important sounds in a video. Transcripts help search engines pick up on your keywords. This gives an added SEO boost.

Add Audio Descriptions

Audio descriptions explain to visually impaired viewers what they are missing. This action unequivocally demonstrates your brand’s commitment to accessible marketing.

Making Accessibility a Habit

Make Accessibility Part of Your Workflow

Accessibility need not be a burden. Incorporate it into your regular content creation processes—train personnel, prep checklists, and add accessibility into every campaign plan. Accessible marketing will be second nature in no time.

Regularly Improve

Accessibility is not set-and-forget. Regular testing with tools like WAVE or Lighthouse and feedback from real-life assistive tech users ensures that your marketing remains effective and inclusive.

Closing the Conversion Gap

Marketing is all about creating a connection—and that connection isn’t whole if parts of your audience are left behind. By committing to accessible marketing, you’re committing to better communication, more active relationships, and more relevant experiences for each and every individual who comes into contact with your brand.

So, how do you begin? Take what you already do so well and add accessibility to it. Utilize it to inform the way you design, write, and present content. And when you need advice, we at 216digital can keep everything in rhythm, accessible to everyone, and effective.

Great marketing is not just something that is seen or heard – it’s something that’s felt by everyone.

Greg McNeil

March 24, 2025

How-to Guides, The Benefits of Web Accessibility, Web Accessibility Training

Accessibility, Digital Marketing, Marketing, Web Accessibility, Website Accessibility
When Is a Skip Link Needed?
We’ve all been on websites that greet us with massive headers, menu bars crammed full of links, or flashy ads stretching across the top. With a mouse, you can scroll or click straight to the section you care about. But if you rely on a keyboard, you’re stuck tabbing through every link and button in that menu before you reach the main story. It can feel like trudging through a maze when you just want to dive into the content.

A skip link offers a simple shortcut: it lets keyboard users jump over that repeated stuff and land exactly where they need to be. In this article, we’ll explore how skip links fit into the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG), why they matter for anyone who doesn’t browse with a mouse, and how they can make a site more enjoyable for all visitors—even the ones who love to scroll.

What Is WCAG’s Bypass Blocks Rule?

WCAG’s Success Criterion 2.4.1, known as “Bypass Blocks,” focuses on letting users skip past content that appears on every page, such as headers, navigation menus, and sidebars. These areas can become barriers for people who rely on keyboard navigation or use screen readers, since they have to listen to or Tab through every link each time they land on a new page.

Mouse users can ignore repeated elements by moving their cursor directly to the main section of the page. But if you are using a keyboard only, you have to press the Tab key multiple times to get beyond the menu or header. This extra effort can be frustrating. By contrast, a skip link makes it possible to jump straight to the main content with a single press of the Tab key and an Enter or Space to activate it. Cutting down on keystrokes is a big boost to usability and can remove physical strain for users with motor disabilities.

Do Landmarks and Headings Count as Bypass Tools?

Some people think that WCAG’s requirements force you to include a skip link no matter what. However, WCAG does not specifically demand that you place a “Skip to Main Content” link on your pages in every scenario. If you use proper HTML5 sectioning elements like <main> or set up ARIA landmarks with role= "main", you can fulfill the technical requirement.

When you use clear heading structures (<h1>, <h2>, etc.) and assign landmarks (role= "navigation", role= "banner") to your layout, many screen readers allow users to jump from one landmark or heading to another. This means they can skip large chunks of repeated content. However, there is a key drawback: these landmark shortcuts are tied to assistive technology. Keyboard-only users without a screen reader do not benefit from these features, because landmarks are not accessible through simple keystrokes like Tab. That is where a skip link proves especially helpful, providing an obvious and direct way to move focus into the main content.

Why a Skip Link Is Still Best Practice

Even if you are technically compliant with WCAG, many experts still recommend a skip link. Here’s why:
1. Keyboard-Only Users: Landmarks may help screen reader users, but they are not available to someone who only has a keyboard. A skip link is the only direct and reliable way to jump over repetitive elements.
2. Users with Motor Disabilities: Each extra keystroke can cause strain. Reducing the need to press Tab repeatedly makes it easier for people with limited mobility to explore your site.
3. Users with Cognitive Disabilities: Repeated menus and banners can be visually overwhelming and distracting. A skip link streamlines the experience by letting users focus on the main content faster.
Other Tools That Help With Page Navigation
- Provide a Skip Link: A short text-based link such as “Skip to Main Content” at the top of the page is a universal solution.
- Use HTML Sectioning Elements: Properly labeling <header>, <main>, and <footer> can help screen reader users identify page sections.
- Implement a Logical Heading Structure: When headings form a clear outline, it is easier for people to scan or jump to key areas, especially when assistive technology is involved.
Alternative Navigation Aids

While a skip link is vital, it’s not the only accessibility tool you can use. ARIA landmarks, for example, let you define elements like role= "navigation", role= "banner", or role= "main". Screen readers can use these roles to move focus to each region. Another strategy is to include access keys, which assign keyboard shortcuts to major parts of your site. Yet, these approaches are typically helpful only to those who know how to use them and have compatible assistive technology. For most keyboard users, a skip link remains the clearest and simplest tool.

How to Add a Skip Link the Right Way

A skip link should do more than just jump down the page; it needs to work with the keyboard in a smooth way. Here’s how:

Position the Link as the First Focusable Element

The best practice is to place the skip link at the very top of your page. This ensures it is the first element that gets focus when someone tabs through the page. A common method is to link to the main content area, marked by an ID like id= "main-content".

Ensure Proper Keyboard Functionality

When users activate the skip link, focus should land right on the main content area. For this to happen, that target element must be focusable. If <main> or the first heading is not normally focusable, you can add tabindex= "-1" to make it work. This step also helps users who use screen magnifiers, because the focus moves right to the main section visually.

Example:
```
<a href="#main-content">Skip to Main Content</a>


<main id="main-content" tabindex="-1">
    
</main>
Or, if you want to move focus to the first heading:
<a href="#first-heading">Skip to Main Content</a>


<h1 id="first-heading" tabindex="-1">Welcome to Our Site</h1>

```
Ensure the Skip Link Is Visible When Focused

Many designers hide the skip link until it gains focus. While this can keep the page looking tidy, it’s important that the link is fully visible and noticeable the moment someone tabs onto it. This visibility ensures that keyboard users know there is a helpful tool available. In some designs, leaving the skip link in plain sight all the time may be the best approach.

Mistakes to Avoid With Skip Links

Even if you add a skip link, a few errors can stop it from working as intended:
- Improper Hiding Techniques: If you use display: none; or visibility: hidden;, screen readers will not detect the link at all. Instead, use off-screen positioning so it remains accessible.
- Non-Focusable Targets: Forgetting to add tabindex= "-1" to the target means the user might land near the content but not actually focus on it. This can confuse people using screen readers or screen magnifiers.
- Skipping Too Much Content: Your skip link should jump over repeated menus, but it should not force users to skip crucial information, like an important heading that explains the page’s purpose.
Check That Your Skip Link Actually Works

Testing makes sure your skip link works well:
1. Keyboard Testing: Turn off your mouse and try to navigate the site by tapping through. Watch for the link to show up, and check that it drops you into the main area.
2. Assistive Technology Testing: Use a screen reader to confirm that your skip link is announced and that it moves focus correctly.
3. Cross-Browser Compatibility: Test in different browsers (Chrome, Firefox, Safari, Edge) to confirm that the skip link behaves the same everywhere.
Make Navigation Easy for Everyone with 216digital

Including semantic elements and ARIA landmarks can make your site meet the minimum requirements of WCAG, but offering a dedicated skip link goes a step further by improving usability for keyboard-only users, people with motor disabilities, and users who may become overwhelmed by repeated menus. Rather than viewing accessibility as a set of rules to follow, think of it as a way to create a smoother, more welcoming experience for all.

If you want a site that not only checks the compliance box but also feels inclusive to every visitor, consider working with a partner who understands the importance of thoughtful navigation. At 216digital, we specialize in designing web experiences that work for everyone. A skip link may seem like a small touch, but it can make a world of difference for those who need it. Let’s make the web more inclusive together.
Greg McNeil

March 21, 2025

How-to Guides

skip link, WCAG, WCAG conformance, web developers, web development
How to Make Websites Accessible for Cognitive Disabilities
When was the last time you visited a website and ended up completely confused? Maybe it had flashing ads, a messy layout, or awkwardly placed menus. Now, imagine dealing with this sort of frustration on almost every site you visit—because your brain processes information a bit differently. Unfortunately, that’s the daily experience for many individuals. With 13.9 percent of U.S. adults having some sort of cognitive disability, this leaves millions of Americans unable to navigate the web.

In this article, we’ll explore how cognitive disabilities affect web usage, the challenges they pose, and how you can adjust your design to be more welcoming. The good news is that creating a more inclusive website doesn’t have to be complicated. Small tweaks, like adding clear labels or allowing extra time to complete tasks, can have a massive impact. Let’s dive in!

Understanding Cognitive Disabilities

Cognitive disabilities influence how someone interprets and processes information. They can affect attention span, memory, comprehension, problem-solving skills, or social interactions. The impact varies from person to person, but there are shared themes. Some individuals may need larger text and simpler language, while others might require more time or predictable page layouts. Although these needs may differ, the core principle remains the same: clarity is key.

Generally, cognitive disabilities can be divided into two main groups:
- Functional Cognitive Disabilities: These conditions might be less severe but can still disrupt daily routines. Examples include learning disabilities, ADD/ADHD, dyslexia, or dyscalculia.
- Clinical Cognitive Disabilities: These tend to be more profound or long-term, such as autism spectrum disorder, traumatic brain injury, Down syndrome, dementia, and Alzheimer’s disease. In all cases, designing websites with an emphasis on simplicity, structure, and user-friendly navigation goes a long way.
Common Types of Cognitive Disabilities and Their Effects

Each type of cognitive disability can pose different obstacles online. Here are a few examples:
- Dyslexia: Reading difficulties, especially with dense paragraphs.
- ADHD: Hard time focusing on cluttered or rapidly changing pages.
- Dyscalculia: Challenges with numeric or math-heavy tasks, such as checkout forms.
- Auditory Processing Disorder: Struggles with audio content lacking captions.
- Visual Processing Disorder: Difficulty interpreting complex visuals or layouts.
- Memory Impairments: Problems recalling steps in sequences, like multi-page forms.
- Autism Spectrum Disorder: Sensory overload triggered by certain fonts, colors, or animations.
How These Disabilities Affect Web Usage

It’s important to remember that cognitive disabilities manifest uniquely in each person. Designing with clarity and adaptability ensures a broader audience can engage more comfortably. Ordinary tasks such as ordering groceries or completing a job application become far more accessible when pages are uncluttered and navigation is logical. To achieve this, adopting user-centered methods and testing your designs can reveal hidden issues.

Key Challenges for Cognitive Accessibility

Overwhelming Cognitive Load

We’ve all seen websites that feel like a newspaper glued onto your screen—crammed text, ads, sidebars, and banners everywhere you look. Users with cognitive disabilities often struggle to pick out the key information on such pages. Even something as simple as bulleted lists or subheadings can help prevent that sense of overload.

Navigation Barriers

If you’ve ever clicked a menu and had zero idea where to go next, you know how frustrating poor navigation can be. Sites with unclear or hidden menus, inconsistent layouts, and random page names create extra hurdles for people with cognitive disabilities. Offering a straightforward menu, a search bar, and a site map will help all users feel in control.

Complex Forms and Inputs

Nobody likes forms that ask too many questions—but for people with cognitive disabilities, it’s even tougher. Vague field labels, surprise questions, and steps that rely on memory can cause confusion and mistakes. Straightforward instructions and friendly error messages can turn a chore into a breeze.

Inconsistent or Distracting Design Elements

Blinking ads, auto-refreshing slideshows, and colors that clash might grab attention, but they can also distract or confuse someone who’s trying hard to focus. Inconsistent layouts—like having the search bar in a different place on each page—can also leave users guessing. Keeping things steady and predictable is a win for all.

Time-Sensitive Tasks

You’re halfway through a form, trying to enter your address, and suddenly, you get logged out. Then you lose everything you typed. That’s annoying for anyone, but imagine if it happens often because you need more time to read or type. Flexible time limits and a warning before logging out can ease this pressure and show respect for different reading or typing speeds.

WCAG Guidelines for Cognitive Accessibility

The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) were created to help make the internet more usable for everyone—including people with disabilities. Developed by the W3C, these guidelines lay out best practices for building websites that are easier to navigate, read, and interact with. While WCAG covers a wide range of needs, it’s especially helpful when it comes to supporting people with cognitive disabilities.

For individuals who struggle with memory, attention, problem-solving, or language processing, small design choices can make a big difference. WCAG 2.2 includes updates that directly address those needs—like giving users more time to finish tasks, making instructions clearer, and cutting down on distractions that might make it hard to focus.

Think of WCAG as a toolkit that helps you build a site that’s more inclusive and user-friendly.

Tried-and-True Practices for Cognitive Accessibility

Clear, Concise Content
- Straightforward Language: Write like you’re speaking to a friend while still being professional—jargon should be explained if it’s absolutely necessary.
- Short Paragraphs and Lists: Make it easy to skim by breaking text into sections. Bullet points and short paragraphs help focus attention.
- Thoughtful Headings: Headings provide a quick roadmap of the page. They’re also handy for anyone using a screen reader to jump between sections.
- Text Alternatives: Use alt text for images and captions for video so people who struggle with visual or auditory processing can still follow along.
Straightforward Navigation
- Consistency: Keep your menus, logos, and search bar in the same spots on every page. This predictability helps people know exactly where to look.
- Descriptive Labels: Instead of a generic “Learn More,” say something like “View Our Product Line.” Users shouldn’t have to guess where a link will take them.
- Avoid Sudden Refreshes: If the page absolutely must reload or update automatically, let the user know beforehand—or give them control.
Forms That Don’t Confuse
- Explain Each Step: If the form is long or complex, provide a brief overview of why you need this info and how to fill it out.
- Group Fields Logically: Put personal info in one section, payment details in another, and label each field clearly.
- Useful Error Messages: “Invalid entry” doesn’t really help. “Please enter a valid email address” is much clearer.
- Password Manager Support: Some people can’t remember lots of usernames and passwords—avoid any code that interferes with auto-filled credentials.
Reducing Distractions
- Clean Layouts: Keep a consistent, minimal approach to layout, with important info easy to find.
- Minimal Animations: Flashing images or pop-up ads can be overwhelming, especially for people with ADHD or autism. If animation is crucial, give users a way to pause or hide it.
- Customization Options: If possible, let visitors adjust text size, contrast, or spacing so they can create a more comfortable reading environment.
Tackling Time Constraints
- Extend Session Times: If your site automatically logs people out, give them a warning and a way to keep going.
- Auto-Save: Nothing is more discouraging than losing everything after spending 15 minutes filling out a form. An auto-save feature can be a lifesaver.
- Flexible Deadlines: If a task or process has a time requirement, consider allowing extra time or offering a simple way to request it.
Helping with Memory and Task Completion
- Familiar Icons: A magnifying glass for search is universally recognized—using something obscure forces a visitor to learn new symbols.
- Progress Bars: For multi-step tasks, let users see how far they’ve come and how much is left. This can ease anxiety and keep them moving forward.
- Save Preferences: Whether it’s language settings or preferred font sizes, remember these choices so returning visitors don’t have to redo them.
Testing and Ongoing Refinements
- Automatic Tools: Programs like Google Lighthouse or WAVE can highlight accessibility problems, but they’re no substitute for real testing.
- Manual Checks: Try your site with screen readers or text-to-speech software. It might reveal a few blind spots.
- Ask Real Users: Feedback from people who live with cognitive disabilities is invaluable. They’ll notice details or problems that might slip by everyone else.
- Regular Updates: Technology and standards keep evolving. Plan a routine review of your site’s accessibility features, so you stay ahead of any issues.
Making Web Accessibility a Priority

Making a website more accessible for people with cognitive disabilities doesn’t require a complete overhaul—it starts with awareness and intentional design. When you prioritize clarity, predictability, and flexibility, you’re not just meeting the needs of some users; you’re improving usability for everyone who visits your site. Every adjustment, from a well-placed heading to a thoughtful timeout warning, can make a meaningful difference.

If you’re unsure where to start or how to move forward, 216digital is here to help. We work with businesses of all sizes to identify gaps, implement best practices, and build experiences that are truly usable—by everyone. Accessibility isn’t a one-time fix, it’s an ongoing commitment—and we’re ready to walk that path with you.
Greg McNeil

March 20, 2025

WCAG Compliance

Accessibility, cognitive disabilities, WCAG, WCAG Compliance, WCAG conformance, Website Accessibility
Getting Focused: Why Focus Order Matters for Web Accessibility
Most people never think about what it would be like to navigate a website without using their mouse. This is a reality for many users with visual or motor impairments. They rely on using other input modalities, such as the keyboard or gestures, to navigate a web page. This is where focus order comes into play.

In this post, we’ll look at what focus order is, why it’s so important, how it connects to the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG), and the most common issues you’ll want to fix. Then, we’ll share a few tips on how to test and improve it on your own site.

Life Without a Mouse

Picture going through your favorite website using only your keyboard. You press Tab to jump from one link or button to another. If the focus order is set up right, you’ll move through the page in a smooth, logical sequence, usually from top to bottom. But if it’s not, you could land somewhere unexpected or miss entirely essential parts of the page.

For anyone who can’t use a mouse, a messed-up focus order often leads to frustration. Improper focus order can lead to the cursor jumping around the page illogically or preventing them from using necessary functionality.

Avoiding Common Pitfalls
1. Skipping Interactive Elements: If a link or button is not coded using the proper semantic HTML tag or does not have the correct attributes, it will not be focusable at all, and users who can’t use a mouse will be unable to interact with the element.
2. Jumping in Strange Ways: If you rely on random tabindex values or a messy HTML structure, the focus may go from the header to a random footer link before bouncing back up. That’s tough to follow.
3. Getting Trapped: Pop-ups, modals, and iframes can trap keyboard users if the code doesn’t let them tab out. People might get stuck until they refresh the page.
4. Invisible Focus: Many designers, developers, or store owners choose to hide the focus outlines for aesthetic purposes without realizing how many people rely on them to navigate the site. Without visible focus outlines, motor-impaired users have no idea which element is currently focused on or selected.
The WCAG Connection

Focus order plays a key role in meeting the standards laid out in WCAG. Some of the main ones include:
- 2.4.3 (Focus Order, Level A): Content should follow a logical order when tabbing through the page.
- 2.1.1 (Keyboard, Level A): All site functions should work with only a keyboard.
- 2.4.7 (Focus Visible, Level AA): People should see which element is active at all times.
- 2.4.11 & 2.4.12 (Focus Not Obscured, WCAG 2.2, Levels AA & AAA): The focused element has to remain visible instead of scrolling off-screen.
Meeting these criteria helps make sure your site is accessible and much easier to navigate.

Simple Tips to Get It Right
- Use the DOM Order: Write your HTML in the order you want people to move through the page. That way, you don’t have to force things with unique attributes.
- Use Correct Elements: If you have something clickable, make it a <button> or <a>. This makes it automatically focusable without extra work.
- Be Careful With tabindex: tabindex= “0” can help include an element in the natural focus sequence. tabindex= “-1” keeps something out of the normal flow but still lets you focus there with scripts. High or random values can create chaos.
- Manage Modals Properly: When a modal pops up, focus should jump into it. People should be able to tab around inside and close it without getting stuck. Once it’s closed, the focus should return to the element that opened it.
- Keep Focus Visible: If your brand style doesn’t match the default outline, customize it with a high-contrast border or box-shadow. Whatever you do, make sure people can still see where they are on the page.
Testing and Tweaking Your Site
1. Manual Testing – Put your mouse away and try tabbing through the page. Ask yourself if the order makes sense and if you can reach everything you need.
2. Browser Tools – Chrome DevTools and Firefox Accessibility Inspector can show you how each element appears in the accessibility tree, which can help you spot weird focus flows.
3. Automated Tests – Tools like WAVE and Lighthouse are helpful for flagging fundamental problems, though they won’t catch everything.
4. Real Users – If possible, ask people who rely on keyboard navigation to test your site. They’ll be the quickest to notice focus issues you might miss.
Wrapping Up

Focus order might sound like a small detail, but it’s a massive deal for those who rely on the keyboard to get around. A logical, precise tab sequence helps keep your site user-friendly, no matter who’s visiting. If you’re worried about your site’s accessibility, it’s never too late to run an audit or refresh your code.

Need extra help? Contact 216digital, where we specialize in creating accessible websites that work well for everyone. Whether you just need a quick review or a complete accessibility plan, we’re here to make your site feel welcoming for all kinds of users.
Greg McNeil

March 19, 2025

How-to Guides, WCAG Compliance

focus order, WCAG, WCAG conformance, web developers, web development
A Guide to Accessible Table Design & Development
Once upon a time, table design was web design. Before the elegance of CSS Grid or the flexibility of Flexbox, we built entire sites with <table>, <tr>, and <td> like it was second nature. They were the backbone of layout — the duct tape holding the early web together. But as web development matured, we traded layout tables for cleaner, more semantic code. Still, tables remain essential — not for layout, but for what they were truly meant to do: present data.

So, where do tables fit into modern, accessible web design? When are they appropriate, and how do we use them in a way that supports users of all abilities, including those using screen readers or keyboard navigation?

In this guide, revisit table design through a modern lens — not to reminisce about the old days of spacer GIFs and nested rows, but to examine how to use tables the right way today. Whether you’re structuring tabular data or dealing with legacy layouts, we’ll walk through practical techniques for designing and coding tables that are both functional and inclusive.

Understanding Tables in Web Design

Tables still serve a clear purpose in today’s web — when used thoughtfully. But there’s a key distinction: data tables are for presenting information, and layout tables… well, those belong in the same drawer as Netscape hacks and the blink tag. How you use them matters, especially for folks navigating with a screen reader or keyboard.

Understanding the difference is the first step toward solid, accessible table design that doesn’t leave users behind.

Data Tables

Need to show structured data like schedules, product comparisons, or sales reports? That’s what data tables were born to do. When used well, they make complex info digestible — like a well-organized spreadsheet that doesn’t make you want to flip your monitor.

Making Data Tables Accessible

Start with semantic HTML — <th> for headers, <caption> for context, and group rows and columns meaningfully. These tags are like orientation tools for assistive tech — they help users actually understand the structure, not just hear a blob of words.

Reading order is your next frontier. If your table reads like it was assembled after three espressos and a deadline, it’s time to regroup. Make sure users can follow the flow with no surprises.

And if you’re knee-deep in rowspans and colspans, it’s worth pausing to ask: “Is this actually helping, or am I just flexing?” Clean table design helps avoid this entirely.

Layout Tables

Let’s talk about the fossil in the room: layout tables. We all used them. Some of us even nested them. Some of us still wake up in cold sweats because of them.

Why They Were Used

Back in the day, if you wanted a three-column layout, you reached for a table. Pixel-perfect footer? Table. It was the best option we had — right up until CSS knocked politely and said, “I got this.”

Why It’s Time to Move On

CSS changed the game. Layout tables now clutter your markup, confuse screen readers, and break responsiveness faster than you can say “media query.” The result? A tangled mess that’s hard to debug and harder to maintain.

Golden rule: Tables for data. CSS for layout. Break this rule only under duress (or for archaeological purposes).

If you must touch layout tables, think of it less as designing a layout and more as preserving legibility. It’s a survival-style form of table design.

When You Have to Use Layout Tables

Sometimes, you inherit legacy code that’s more delicate than a house of cards. Or you’re working with a CMS that still thinks it’s 2003. When you’re stuck, the goal becomes minimizing the chaos.

Best Practices for Using Layout Tables (Responsibly)
- Skip semantic elements: Leave <th> and <caption> out. They’ll only mislead screen readers.
- Use role= "presentation": This politely tells assistive tech, “Nothing to see here — just visuals.”
- Keep content order logical: It might look fine, but hit the tab or turn on a screen reader. If it reads like a jigsaw puzzle, rework it.
- Make it responsive — sort of: You’re already doing something frowned upon. At least don’t let it collapse on mobile.
CSS to the Rescue

Need flexible, responsive, accessible layouts? CSS has your back. You’ve got two powerhouse options ready to roll.

CSS Grid Layout

CSS Grid is built for complex, two-dimensional layouts. It gives you surgical control over rows and columns without diving into the <td> abyss.

Heads-up: Keep your DOM order consistent with your visual order. Otherwise, assistive tech users will be piecing together your layout like a mystery novel.

CSS Flexbox

Flexbox handles one-dimensional layouts like a champ. Think nav bars, form groups, toolbars — anything that lines up in a row or column.

Just remember, Flexbox can reorder your layout visually, but screen readers still follow the source order. Rearranging things for aesthetics? Fine. Just don’t confuse your users while you’re at it.

Both of these tools help prevent misuse of tables and support better table design principles by removing the temptation to force non-tabular content into table markup.

Follow the Principles, Not Just the Code

Accessibility isn’t about ticking boxes — it’s about designing with real people in mind. Think about how someone actually experiences your content. No mouse. No visuals. Just structure, clarity, and flow.

If someone is using a screen reader, keyboard navigation, or sip-and-puff device, your clean CSS layout means nothing if your content order is a mess. Great table design considers these experiences from the start.

Key Guidelines from WCAG to Keep in Mind:
- Info and Relationships (1.3.1): Use markup to show how data connects. Don’t rely on appearance alone.
- Meaningful Sequence (1.3.2): Your content should flow in a way that makes sense, both visually and in the code.
Quick Recap: Best Practices
- Use tables only for tabular data — not layout, not nostalgia
- Mark up data tables semantically — <th>, <caption>, proper scope
- Use CSS (Grid or Flexbox) for layout — always
- Only use layout tables when you absolutely have no other option
- If you must use layout tables, strip out semantics and add role=" presentation"
- Don’t rely on automated tools alone — test with real assistive tech
Final Thoughts

The web’s grown a lot since the days of spacer GIFs and table-based layouts — and thankfully, so have our tools. We can build cleaner, more flexible, more inclusive sites with far less hassle than we could a decade ago.

So let’s do that. Use tables where they belong — to present data. Embrace modern CSS for everything else. And always remember: building for accessibility doesn’t slow you down. It just makes your work better.

And if you’re ever elbow-deep in a legacy layout table with seven levels of nested <tr>, know this: someone out there gets it. And they’re probably muttering “never again” right along with you — while dreaming of cleaner table design.
Greg McNeil

March 18, 2025

How-to Guides

Data tables, How-to, table design, web developers, web development
Automated Scans: The Good, the Bad, and the Gaps
Creating a truly inclusive online experience means making sure everyone can comfortably navigate and enjoy your website. If your business aims to meet accessibility guidelines like WCAG and comply with laws such as the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), you’ve probably considered automated accessibility scans as a helpful first step. Popular tools like WAVE, PowerMapper, and Google Lighthouse can swiftly highlight accessibility issues, making them a practical starting point.

But here’s the thing—automated scans aren’t magic. They typically catch only about 20-30% of accessibility problems covered by WCAG 2.1 AA, mostly basic mistakes. Many important issues need a human touch—manual testing and real judgment—to make sure your website truly serves everyone. This article breaks down what automated scans do well, where they fall short, and tackles some common misconceptions, helping you build a complete, effective approach to digital accessibility.

The Good: Why Automated Accessibility Scans Are Helpful

Automated accessibility scans offer a quick and practical way to uncover accessibility problems. Here’s why they’re so beneficial:

1. Speed and Efficiency Automated tools can quickly scan your entire website within minutes, analyzing hundreds or even thousands of pages. They’re perfect for frequent or large-scale audits without overwhelming your resources.

2. Consistent Results Unlike manual tests, automated scans apply the same criteria every time, ensuring consistent results across your entire site.

3. Budget-Friendly Initial Assessment For businesses working with tight budgets, automated scans offer an affordable way to spot common issues, helping you take immediate action without the hefty costs of comprehensive manual audits.

4. Quickly Spots Easy-to-Fix Issues Automated scans excel at identifying straightforward problems such as missing alternative text for images, insufficient color contrast, empty form labels, and poorly labeled buttons.

5. Fits Seamlessly into Development Workflows Modern accessibility tools integrate directly with your existing development processes, allowing teams to catch and fix issues early on—saving time and reducing future remediation costs.

The Bad: Limitations of Automated Scans

To avoid a false sense of security, organizations need to understand the limitations of automated scans:

1. Can’t Identify Contextual Issues Automated tools aren’t great at judging context. For example:
- Alternative Text: They detect missing alt text but can’t determine if descriptions are actually helpful.
- Keyboard Navigation: Tools may confirm elements are focusable but can’t judge ease of use.
- Form Usability: Automated scans notice if labels exist, but can’t assess how easy forms are to use.
2. Struggles with Dynamic Content Automated tools often miss dynamic and interactive content, such as:
- ARIA implementations
- Live region updates
- Changes in modal dialogs or dropdowns
3. False Positives and False Negatives Automated scans sometimes flag issues that aren’t real barriers (false positives) or overlook genuine problems (false negatives), potentially causing unnecessary work or leaving critical issues unaddressed.

4. Not a Substitute for Real User Testing Automated scans can’t replicate the experience of actual users who rely on assistive technology. Only manual testing and real user feedback can fully validate accessibility.

5. Risk of Legal Issues Relying solely on automated scans won’t guarantee full legal compliance. Courts consistently rule that automated tools alone aren’t enough, potentially exposing organizations to legal action.

The Gaps: Bridging Automation with Human Insight

To build a truly accessible website, combine automated testing with manual evaluation:

1. Mix Automated and Manual Testing A comprehensive audit should include both automated and manual methods. Automated tools give a broad initial review, while manual testing covers the usability and context these tools miss.

2. Perform Real-World Testing with Screen Readers and Keyboards Manual tests with screen readers and keyboard navigation ensure your website is practically accessible in real-world use.

3. Get Expert Audits Professional accessibility audits blend automated tools, manual testing, and real-user scenarios, uncovering hidden issues automated scans might overlook.

4. Continuously Monitor Accessibility Accessibility isn’t a one-time fix. Regular monitoring with tools like a11y.Radar helps maintain compliance even as your website evolves.

5. Educate Your Team Training your developers, designers, and content creators on accessibility best practices minimizes future issues. Automated tools should guide—not replace—human judgment.

Conclusion: Finding the Right Balance

Automated accessibility scans are fantastic for quickly identifying common issues but aren’t enough on their own. Recognizing their limitations highlights why manual testing, expert reviews, and ongoing monitoring are vital. Businesses committed to digital accessibility should adopt a balanced approach, combining automated tools with human insights to ensure truly inclusive experiences. If you’re looking for guidance or support in building this balanced approach, the experts at 216digital can help you navigate your accessibility journey. Ultimately, accessibility is about genuinely understanding and meeting real users’ needs, going beyond mere compliance.
Greg McNeil

March 17, 2025

Testing & Remediation

Accessibility, automated scans, automated testing, manual audit, Manual Testing, Web Accessibility
Coffee Shop Website Accessibility: What’s Missing?
Have you ever visited a coffee shop’s website to check their menu, order online, or see their hours? Did you feel lost because the site was confusing? Now, imagine dealing with that struggle each time you want to find your go-to latte. Or when you want to learn about a shop’s new roast. For people who rely on screen readers or have other visual impairments, that frustration can happen a lot.

Many coffee shop owners and content creators in the United States might not realize these barriers exist. Making sure everyone can move around your website without trouble is more important than you might think. In this post, I’ll point out some common obstacles and why they matter. I’ll also share how a few small changes can make a big impact.

Why Does Coffee Shop Website Accessibility Matters?

When you think about coffee shops, you might picture a warm atmosphere and friendly baristas. You might also imagine the smell of freshly brewed beans. Online, we want to capture that same welcoming feeling. By focusing on coffee shop website accessibility, we want to make sure people can order their favorite drinks. We also want them to read menu items or discover new roasts without trouble.

If a visually impaired customer struggles to find key details, they might miss out on daily deals or new seasonal drinks. They could even miss basic facts like store hours.

One often overlooked detail is how screen readers work. These tools read text out loud to users who can’t see the screen. If a website isn’t organized well, or if images don’t have good descriptions, screen reader users can miss key details. It’s crucial to keep everything labeled and clear. That could mean they never learn about your limited-edition pumpkin spice latte or your special buy-one-get-one-free deal. By making a few updates, you can share the joy of your coffee shop with everyone who visits online.

Missing Alt Text for Images

Coffee shops show off photos of their specialty drinks, pastries, and interiors. There’s nothing quite like seeing a perfectly steamed latte art design on the homepage. However, if these images don’t include a brief written description (often called “alt text”), a screen reader can’t share that info with someone who is visually impaired. That leaves them guessing what’s in the image.

What to do:
- Make sure each picture has short alt text that describes what’s shown. If you have a frothy cappuccino in a ceramic mug with a leaf design on top, write something like, “Cappuccino with leaf latte art in a white mug.”
- Keep it simple and clear. A few words can help everyone enjoy the same tasty-looking photos.
Hard-to-Read Text and Poor Contrast

Sometimes, coffee shop websites use warm and earthy color palettes to match the cozy vibe of a local café. But light brown text on a cream background can be hard for many people to read. Dark red lettering on a black background can cause the same problem.

If your text and background colors don’t have enough contrast, users might struggle to read menu items or promotions. They could also miss important contact details.

What to do:
- Pick colors with high contrast, so text stands out. You can use free online contrast-checker tools.
- Keep text large enough so visitors of all ages can comfortably read your menu and shop info. Test on a phone or tablet to see if users need to zoom in.
Unclear Headings and Structure

Have you ever looked at a website and felt lost because everything blended together? Using clear headings and labels helps both sighted users and people with screen readers navigate your site.

When your text is broken into sections like “Our Menu,” “About Us,” “Location,” and “Contact,” users can jump right where they need to go. This layout helps both sighted users and screen readers. Screen readers also rely on proper heading levels (like H1, H2, H3) to guide listeners in the right order. If headings aren’t used correctly, the page can feel disorganized for those who can’t see it.

What to do:
- Give each page a main heading (H1), then use H2s and H3s for subheadings.
- Don’t skip heading levels. Going from H1 to H3 can confuse people using screen readers.
Unlabeled or Unclear Links and Buttons

Buttons like “Order Now,” “Sign Up,” or “View Menu” should clearly say what they do. If a button only says “Click Here,” screen reader users might not know what “here” refers to. The same goes for links.

If many links are labeled “Learn More,” it’s tricky to figure out which page or product each link goes to. Users might have to guess or click blindly.

What to do:
- Use descriptive link and button text, like “Order a Latte” or “Learn About Our Pastries.”
- If you offer online ordering, label each step so people know exactly what to do next.
Forms Without Proper Labels

Some coffee shop websites have newsletter sign-up forms or contact forms for special orders. If these forms aren’t labeled well, a screen reader might say something like “edit box” instead of “email address.” That can leave users guessing what to type.

What to do:
- Label each form field clearly. For instance, use “Name” or “Email Address” so people know what goes where.
- Provide helpful error messages. If someone enters an invalid email, explain what happened and how to fix it.
Videos Without Captions or Transcripts

Video might not be the first thing that comes to mind for a coffee shop website. Still, some shops post video tours, latte art tutorials, or interviews with the barista. If these don’t have captions or transcripts, users who are deaf or hard of hearing could feel left out. Good website accessibility means making the site easy for everyone, not just folks with vision challenges.

What to do:
- Add captions to your videos or provide a simple transcript. This helps anyone who can’t hear or who’s watching in a quiet place (or a super noisy one).
How to Get Started

Improving coffee shop website accessibility doesn’t have to be complicated. You can start by using free online tools that scan your pages and highlight issues like missing alt text or low contrast. It also helps to ask a few friends or loyal customers to test your site and tell you what works and what doesn’t.

If you find bigger problems, think about working with a web developer who understands website accessibility. They can guide you through changes and help you meet standards commonly used in the United States. Even small fixes can create a smoother online experience for everyone, from a busy parent ordering pastries for the weekend to a coffee enthusiast searching for a new blend to try.

A Warm Welcome, On and Offline

When people walk through your coffee shop’s door, you greet them with a smile. Why not do the same online? A website that’s easy to use creates that same feeling of warmth and belonging. Whether someone’s checking your menu for gluten-free treats, ordering a bag of beans for home, or simply browsing the specials, clear labels and good navigation make them feel included.

By focusing on coffee shop website accessibility, you open your digital doors to everyone. It’s a great way to build community, grow your business, and show off what makes your café special. After all, everyone deserves to enjoy that perfect cup of coffee—no matter how they get there.

If you’re ready to make your coffee shop’s website more accessible but aren’t sure where to start, 216digital can help. We specialize in website accessibility solutions tailored to small businesses, making sure your site is welcoming for everyone. Let’s work together to create a seamless online experience—just like the one you offer in your shop.
Greg McNeil

March 14, 2025

How-to Guides, WCAG Compliance

Accessibility, coffee shop, forms, Image Alt Text, videos and audio content, Web Accessibility
Keyboard Accessibility: A Guide for Web Developers
Think about the last time you visited a website with a complex menu or a long list of links. If you tried navigating without a mouse—maybe because you found it faster to use the Tab key—you might have encountered invisible outlines, a random tab order, or even getting stuck in a popup with no clear way out. These problems highlight why keyboard accessibility is essential.

When websites are built so that every button, link, and form field is accessible via keyboard, it becomes easier for everyone to navigate and complete tasks.

What Is Keyboard Accessibility?

At its core, keyboard accessibility ensures that everything on a website can be reached and used without a mouse. This is crucial for people with motor impairments who rely on keyboards or assistive devices, as well as users with visual impairments who navigate with screen readers. Even power users benefit, often finding keyboard shortcuts and navigation faster than using a mouse.

Beyond improving usability, proper keyboard accessibility leads to better-organized code and a more logical page structure—benefits that search engines reward with better SEO rankings. Simply put, improving keyboard accessibility benefits both users and website owners. However, achieving it comes with challenges.

Common Keyboard Accessibility Challenges

Despite its importance, keyboard accessibility is often overlooked. Many websites suffer from poor focus visibility, illogical tab orders, and keyboard traps that frustrate users. Addressing these pitfalls is key to creating a smooth, user-friendly experience.

Below are three of the most common keyboard accessibility issues—and how to fix them.

1. Designing Effective Focus Indicators

Focus indicators visually highlight which element is currently selected when navigating with a keyboard. They help users track their position as they move through a webpage using the Tab key.

Why Focus Indicators Matter

Imagine navigating a website solely by keyboard. If you press Tab but can’t see where you are because the focus highlight is too faint—or missing altogether—you’re left guessing. This creates confusion and frustration. Clear, high-contrast focus indicators ensure users always know where they are on the page.

Best Practices for Focus Indicators
- Outline thickness: At least 2 CSS pixels
- Outline offset: Keep at least 2 CSS pixels between the outline and the element’s edge
- Contrast ratio: A minimum of 3:1 between the focus indicator and the background
Understanding the :focus-visible Pseudo-Class

The :focus selector applies styles whenever an element gains focus, including when it’s clicked with a mouse. But :focus-visible applies focus styles only when an element is navigated via keyboard, keeping the interface clean for mouse users while ensuring keyboard users get clear visual cues.

Example:
```
*:focus-visible {
  border: 2px solid black; /* Ensure noticeable contrast */
  outline-offset: 2px;
}
```
2. Maintaining a Logical Navigation Order

Users navigate websites sequentially using the Tab key. The focus order should match the visual layout to avoid confusion. A mismatch disrupts the browsing experience, making it difficult for users to predict what comes next.

Tips for Logical Navigation
- Use proper HTML structure: Semantic elements like headers (<h1> – <h6>), lists, and landmarks guide screen readers and browsers to interpret content correctly.
- Avoid positive tabindex values: Manually setting a positive tabindex can force elements into an unnatural order, leading to confusion.
- Provide “Skip to Main Content” links: These allow users to bypass repetitive navigation and jump straight to the main content.
- Beware of keyboard traps: Ensure users can always navigate away from popups, modals, or embedded elements using only the keyboard.
3. Proper tabindex Implementation

The tabindex attribute controls how elements receive focus. While useful in some cases, it’s often misused.

What tabindex Does
- tabindex="0": Inserts the element into the default tab order based on its position in the DOM. Ideal for custom interactive elements like <div> buttons.
- tabindex="-1": Removes an element from sequential keyboard navigation but allows focus via scripting. Useful for modals or hidden elements.
- Positive values (e.g., tabindex="1"): Best avoided, as forcing a custom order can break the expected tab sequence and frustrate users.
Best Practices
- Use semantic HTML (<button>, <a>), which is naturally keyboard-accessible.
- Avoid adding tabindex to non-interactive elements like text or static images.
- Use negative tabindex for hidden or modal content that should only receive focus under certain conditions.
- Stick to the natural tab order whenever possible—custom focus orders should be a last resort.
Testing Your Website’s Keyboard Accessibility

Even with best practices in place, testing is essential to catch issues before they impact users. A combination of manual and automated testing provides the most reliable results.

Manual Testing
- Navigate using only a keyboard: Use the Tab key to move through all interactive elements. Press Enter (or Space) to activate buttons and links.
- Check focus visibility: Ensure focus indicators are always clear and meet contrast requirements.
- Verify logical tab order: Does the sequence make sense based on how someone would naturally read or navigate your page?
- Watch for keyboard traps: Ensure modals, dropdowns, and embedded content allow users to navigate away freely.
Automated Testing Tools

Browser-Based Tools
- Firefox Accessibility Inspector: Displays how the browser interprets focusable elements.
- Chrome DevTools (Accessibility Panel): Helps analyze the site’s structure.
- WAVE Evaluation Tool: Flags potential accessibility issues directly in the browser.
While these tools are powerful, nothing replaces real user feedback. Testing with people who rely on keyboard navigation often reveals hidden issues automated tools miss.

Conclusion

Keyboard accessibility is a fundamental part of inclusive web design. Making sure users can navigate your site without a mouse ensures better usability for everyone—including people with disabilities who rely on keyboard navigation. Plus, it improves SEO, usability, and compliance, making it a win-win for both users and businesses.

The best practices covered here—such as customizing focus indicators, maintaining a logical tab order, and using tabindex responsibly—are essential steps toward a more accessible website. Regular testing, both manual and automated, helps ensure your site meets WCAG guidelines and delivers a smooth experience for all users.

For expert guidance, consider working with accessibility professionals like 216digital. Specialists can help you implement strategies that go beyond basic compliance, ensuring long-term usability and inclusivity. When you prioritize keyboard accessibility, you create a more welcoming web for everyone—and that’s a goal worth striving for.
Greg McNeil

March 13, 2025

How-to Guides

Accessibility, keyboard accessibility, Keyboard Navigation, tabindex, Web Accessibility, web developers, web development
Will the EAA Really Affect U.S. Businesses?
If you’re a U.S.-based e-commerce entrepreneur, website owner, or digital compliance professional, you’ve probably heard of the European Accessibility Act (EAA). This legislation aims to standardize accessibility requirements across the European Union (EU), impacting everything from e-commerce and banking to transportation. At first glance, it may seem like yet another global regulation lurking on the horizon. But here’s the good news: for most U.S. businesses, the EAA is far less of a legal threat than you might think.

While there’s been chatter that EAA-related fines could reach American shores, practical realities—like jurisdiction limits and the complexities of cross-border enforcement—mean it’s unlikely to affect you unless you have a substantial European footprint. Still, that doesn’t mean you should shrug off accessibility. Stateside, legal obligations are mounting quickly, and both federal and state-level regulations on web accessibility are gaining traction. In fact, ADA lawsuits connected to digital accessibility are soaring, putting genuine pressure on U.S. businesses to ensure inclusivity.

In this article, we’ll take a closer look at why the EAA probably won’t keep you up at night if you’re mostly serving U.S. customers. We’ll also explore why your real focus should stay on meeting domestic accessibility requirements—and how investing in accessibility can not only protect you from legal headaches but also help you reach new customers.

The EAA and Its Scope

At its core, the EAA is designed to make sure products and services in the EU are accessible to people with disabilities. Think of it as a catch-all that covers a wide range of areas, including:
- Websites and Mobile Apps: E-commerce sites and other digital platforms should be compatible with assistive technologies like screen readers, offering clear, user-friendly layouts.
- Financial Services: Online banking platforms must be workable for people with visual, mobility, or other impairments.
- Transportation Services: Booking and ticketing systems should be built with inclusive design principles in mind.
Although these rules zero in on European markets, any company that aggressively sells to EU residents might need to comply. The bottom line: if you’re physically located in the EU or do a significant amount of business there, you’re on the EAA’s radar. But if you’re a small U.S. boutique that only very occasionally ships overseas, the likelihood of direct EAA enforcement is pretty slim.

Application to U.S. Businesses

Let’s say you’re a U.S.-based e-commerce owner who sells mostly to Americans. The odds are that you won’t need to stress about the EAA in a strict sense. If 95% of your customers are stateside, EU regulators won’t have much reason to come knocking. On the other hand, if you’ve set up localized sites for different European countries, handle EU shipping logistics, or run targeted campaigns in Europe, then yes, the EAA becomes more relevant.

In short, the EAA matters most to companies that are genuinely active in Europe. If that’s not you, you can breathe a little easier—but remember that web accessibility is still a big deal in the U.S.

The Limited Reach of EAA Enforcement in the U.S.

Cross-Border E-Commerce Engagement

One of the main reasons the EAA might not impact smaller American businesses is the nature of cross-border e-commerce itself. While online selling is global in principle, a lot of U.S. companies still cater primarily to domestic buyers. In fact, about 25% of North American e-commerce is cross-border; that leaves 75% as local, and a stronger domestic focus typically means lower risk of EU regulatory scrutiny.

If you’re not set up for international shipping or don’t localize your site for EU customers, you’re even less likely to get attention from European authorities. An occasional European sale here or there usually won’t land you under the EAA umbrella.

Challenges in International Enforcement

The EU can’t just wave a wand to enforce its laws on businesses located in other countries; it needs legal jurisdiction and international cooperation. Historically, European regulators tend to target bigger players—those with a notable EU presence and significant resources—rather than chasing smaller American businesses that ship an item or two overseas.

Potential Business Responses

Some companies respond to foreign regulations like the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) by blocking traffic from EU regions altogether. While that certainly sidesteps EAA compliance, it also shuts the door on potential European customers. Another approach is adopting accessibility best practices proactively. Even if you never hear from EU regulators, making your site inclusive can keep you safe from domestic lawsuits and win you new fans at home and abroad.

Why EAA Compliance May Not Be a Top Priority for U.S. Regulators

GDPR Enforcement as a Precedent

When the GDPR went live in 2018, a lot of U.S. businesses scrambled to post cookie consent banners or even block European visitors. Over time, though, we saw that heavy fines usually targeted giants like Meta and Google—companies that clearly operate in the EU. Most smaller U.S. entities, especially those without a European presence, didn’t face the same scrutiny.

The EAA will follow a similar pattern. Regulators will focus first on the big fish: major corporations that do a lot of business in Europe. If you’re not among them, your risk goes down considerably.

Focus on EU-Based Entities

Enforcement agencies work most effectively with entities physically or legally based in the EU. If you’re a mid-size American seller without any EU office or significant European operations, you’re unlikely to draw regulator attention. This doesn’t mean zero risk—it just means the probability is low compared to the very real possibility of an ADA lawsuit in the U.S.

The Real Risk: U.S. Web Accessibility Laws & State-Level Legislation

ADA and Web Accessibility Lawsuits

While the EAA might sound intimidating, the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) is the real concern for many U.S. businesses. In 2023 alone, over 4,600 ADA-related web accessibility lawsuits were filed in the U.S., most notably in states such as New York, Florida, and California.

These lawsuits often ask questions like:
- Is your website easily navigable with a screen reader?
- Do you have captions for your videos?
- Can users complete a purchase using only a keyboard?
Lacking these features can land you in hot water, resulting in demand letters, lawsuits, and potentially hefty legal costs. Even if you avoid a lawsuit, states like California and New York are increasingly pushing for stricter rules around digital accessibility. If you have customers in these states, you can’t afford to ignore these developments.

The Imperative of Web Accessibility

Accessibility is more than a legal shield—it’s also good business. Almost one in four adults in the U.S. lives with some form of disability, which means making your website inclusive can significantly broaden your audience. On top of that, accessible sites often provide a smoother overall user experience and align well with search engine optimization (SEO) best practices.

Focus on What Really Matters for U.S. Businesses

The EAA is critical for businesses with a genuine stake in EU markets, but if your customer base is mostly American, the EAA probably won’t become your biggest legal headache anytime soon. EU regulators usually set their sights on larger players with a visible European footprint, so a small U.S. business with minimal European sales isn’t high on their list.

Prioritizing Domestic Compliance

Instead of stressing over the EAA, channel your energy into meeting domestic accessibility standards. ADA lawsuits and state-level rules in the U.S. are ramping up, and that’s where your real vulnerability lies. By aligning with ADA guidelines and the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG), you minimize the risk of legal trouble here at home.

Benefits of Accessibility

Beyond reducing legal risks, accessibility has plenty of other perks:
- Better User Experience: A clean, inclusive layout helps everyone.
- Bigger Audience: You’ll welcome people with disabilities, which is a sizable market segment.
- Stronger Brand Reputation: Consumers appreciate businesses that take inclusivity seriously.
- SEO Boost: Search engines favor structured, easy-to-navigate websites.
Protect Your Business Where It Counts Most

It’s easy to feel overwhelmed by headlines about the EAA and worry that European regulators might suddenly target American businesses. However, realistically, their enforcement focus is primarily on companies with strong ties to the EU. If you’re mostly selling to an American audience, the European Accessibility Act shouldn’t keep you up at night.

Instead, put your energy where it matters most—your website’s domestic accessibility. ADA compliance is not just about avoiding lawsuits; it’s an opportunity to connect with a broader audience and build a more inclusive, trustworthy brand.

If you’re unsure where to start or want to ensure your business is fully protected and accessible, reach out to our team at 216digital. Our experts will help you identify your accessibility gaps, guide you through compliance, and ensure your site delivers an inclusive experience for everyone.

Don’t wait until accessibility becomes an emergency—contact 216digital today and get ahead of the curve.
Greg McNeil

March 12, 2025

Legal Compliance

Accessibility, accessibility laws, EAA, European Accessibility Act, Legal compliance, Web Accessibility, Website Accessibility
How to Make Mega Menus More Accessible
A mega menu is typically a large, two-dimensional panel that appears when a user interacts with a top-level navigation item. It’s often used by eCommerce stores or websites with many different product categories or content sections. Because it can display a wide variety of links in a single view, a mega menu helps visitors explore your site quickly—no endless drilling down into submenus.

But here’s the catch: while mega menus make navigation simpler for many users, they can also create barriers for some. For example, hover-triggered mega menus might be useless for someone relying on a keyboard. Or, if the menu isn’t properly labeled, a screen reader user might get stuck in a confusing loop of unlabeled links.

These barriers matter because web accessibility is not just about following rules—it’s about ensuring everyone can use your site. If you leave people out, you risk alienating customers who want to purchase your products or read your content. So, let’s dive into some common accessibility issues and how to fix them.

Overcoming Common Accessibility Challenges

Improving Hover Functionality

Most mega menus open when you hover your mouse over the navigation item. However, hover-based menus can cause big problems for keyboard users (or anyone who can’t use a mouse).
- Inaccessible for Keyboard Users: People who navigate with the keyboard use the Tab key to move from link to link. If a menu only opens on hover, these users can’t open the submenu.
- Overly Sensitive Interactions: Sometimes, mega menus can pop open or shut at the slightest movement of your mouse. This makes them frustrating to use for everyone.
- The “Diagonal Problem”: If you move the mouse at an angle, you can sometimes trigger submenus you didn’t intend to open.
Best Practice: Use a click to open the submenus instead of relying on hover. This way, both mouse and keyboard users have a more predictable experience. A click is a clearer signal of intention, reducing accidental openings or closings.

Making Menus Easy to Close

A menu that’s hard to dismiss can trap users, especially if it covers a large portion of the screen. On the other hand, a menu that closes too quickly can frustrate users who accidentally hover away for a split second.

Solutions:
1. Escape Key Support: Let users close the menu by pressing the Escape key. This is a standard expectation in many UI patterns and helps keyboard users exit quickly.
2. Delayed Closing: If you decide to keep some hover functionality, add a slight delay before the submenu disappears. This grace period prevents the menu from closing by mistake if a user’s pointer drifts outside the panel for a moment.
Enhancing Keyboard Accessibility

Logical Keyboard Navigation

Keyboard navigation is a critical part of web accessibility. You want the user’s Tab key presses to move in a clear, intuitive order:
1. First Tab: Highlight the first top-level navigation item.
2. Enter Key: If the focused top-level item has a submenu, pressing Enter opens that submenu. Pressing Enter again on any submenu item activates the link.
3. Tab Within a Submenu: Moves focus to the next item in the submenu.
4. Escape Key: Closes the submenu and returns focus to the parent menu item.
5. Shift + Tab: Moves backward through the items, letting users navigate in reverse.
This logical flow ensures that people who rely on the keyboard won’t get lost or stuck.

Providing Clear Focus Indicators

When users press Tab, they should be able to see exactly which menu item is highlighted. This means using visible focus indicators:
- A change in background color, an underline, or a bold outline helps users quickly spot the focused item.
- Make sure the color contrast meets accessibility guidelines. Avoid using color alone—some users might not see color differences clearly. An underline or border is a more reliable visual cue.
Optimizing Screen Reader Support with ARIA

Choosing the Right ARIA Roles

Using role= "menu" for all navigation is a common mistake introduced in development. This role should only be used if your navigation behaves like a desktop application menu. For most website mega menus, it’s better to use simpler roles.

Recommended roles and attributes:
- role= "navigation": Declares that this section is a navigation landmark, which helps screen reader users quickly find or skip it.
- role= "menuitem": If you have interactive items that function like menu items (though for basic links, standard <a> elements might be enough).
- aria-haspopup= "true": Indicates that a button or link has a submenu.
- aria-expanded= "false": Tells screen readers if a section is closed. Switch it to true when the submenu opens.
Labeling and Describing Elements Properly

Screen readers need helpful labels to convey what the link or button does. If your button opens a “Products” submenu, label it clearly:
- Use aria-label= "Products Menu" or aria-labelledby=" [ID_of_label]" to associate a descriptive label with the menu.
- Provide descriptive link text. Instead of “Click here,” use something like “View our latest products.” This helps all users know exactly where the link leads.
Implementing Accessible Mega Menus with HTML, CSS, and JavaScript

Using Semantic HTML for Proper Structure

Below is a simple example showing how to structure an accessible mega menu:
```
<nav aria-label= "Main Menu">
  <ul>
    <li><a href="#">Home</a></li>
    <li>
      <button aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true">Products</button>
      <ul>
        <li><a href="#">Product 1</a></li>
        <li><a href="#">Product 2</a></li>
      </ul>
    </li>
  </ul>
</nav>
```
Here’s why this works:
- <nav aria-label= "Main Menu">: The <nav> element is a semantic way to mark the navigation area. The aria-label helps screen readers identify it.
- <button> vs. <a>: Using a button for expandable menus is more accessible because it’s an interactive element by default and can easily handle the aria-expanded state.
- aria-expanded: Indicates whether the submenu is open or closed (true or false).
Styling Menus for Visibility & Interaction

Accessible styling goes beyond making things “look nice.” It ensures that focus states are clear. For instance:
```
nav button:focus {
  outline: 2px solid #005ea2;
  background-color: #f1f1f1;
}
nav ul ul {
  display: none;
}
nav button[aria-expanded="true"] + ul {
  display: block;
}
```
- The outline property and background-color change help users see the focused button.
- By default, submenus are hidden (display: none).
- When aria-expanded= "true", the submenu appears (display: block).
Enhancing Usability with JavaScript

A small amount of JavaScript can make your menus more accessible. Here’s how you can toggle the aria-expanded attribute:
```
document.querySelectorAll('nav button[aria-haspopup]').forEach(button => {
  button.addEventListener('click', () => {
    const expanded = button.getAttribute('aria-expanded') === 'true';
    button.setAttribute('aria-expanded', !expanded);
  });
});
```
- This code finds every button with aria-haspopup.
- When clicked, it checks if aria-expanded is currently true, then toggles it.
- This prevents menus from randomly opening on hover and gives users control.
Accessible Navigation Is an Ongoing Commitment

Building an accessible mega menu isn’t a one-and-done project. It takes careful planning, coding, and constant testing to make sure all users can move through your site with ease. However, the payoff is huge: better usability for everyone, including people with temporary or permanent disabilities, and compliance with accessibility standards like WCAG.

Remember, accessibility benefits everyone. Even a user with a short-term injury or someone on a small mobile device can benefit from keyboard-friendly and screen-reader-friendly menus. By making small changes to HTML, CSS, ARIA attributes, and JavaScript, you can open up your site to a larger audience and provide a smoother experience for all.

If you need expert guidance on web accessibility or want a thorough audit of your online store, 216digital can help. We specialize in creating inclusive, user-friendly experiences that keep your customers coming back and keep your website on the cutting edge of accessibility best practices. Don’t let your mega menus become mega barriers—start making them accessible today!
Greg McNeil

March 11, 2025

How-to Guides

Accessibility, accessible code, How-to, mega menu, web developers, web development, Website Accessibility

Captions or Subtitles: What’s the Difference?

You’ve probably used them without a second thought—watching a movie in another language, scrolling social media with the sound off, or trying to follow dialogue in a noisy room. But have you ever noticed that sometimes the text includes sound effects and speaker names, while other times it’s just the spoken words?

It’s easy to assume captions and subtitles are the same, but they serve different purposes. If you’ve ever struggled to keep up with fast dialogue or wished for more context in a quiet scene, you’ve already experienced the difference—maybe without even realizing it.

So, what really sets them apart, and why does it matter? Let’s break it down.

What Are Captions?

Captions do more than just show dialogue—they make videos accessible for people who are deaf or hard of hearing. They include spoken words and crucial audio cues such as background noises, tone changes, and speaker identifications.

Additionally, captions help content creators comply with important accessibility guidelines like the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG), the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), and Section 508.

Types of Captions

Closed Captions (CC) give viewers control to switch captions on or off and even adjust their appearance. Think YouTube, Netflix, or Zoom.

Open Captions stay visible all the time. They’re perfect for social media videos, events, or public places where you can’t rely on viewers to activate captions themselves.

What Are Subtitles?

Subtitles primarily translate spoken words into another language for viewers who can hear but might not understand what’s being said. Unlike captions, subtitles typically skip audio cues and speaker names. They’re great for international movies or videos aimed at a global audience.

Subtitles vs. Captions: Key Differences

Features	Captions	Subtitles
Purpose	Accessibility for Deaf/ Hard-of-hearing	Language Translation
Includes Sound Effects?	Yes	No
Speaker Identification?	Yes	No
Non-verbal Audio Cues?	Yes	No
Assumes Viewer Can Hear?	No	Yes

Why Are Captions Important for Web Accessibility?

Captions create truly inclusive content accessible to everyone. Beyond meeting legal requirements, captions help businesses avoid compliance risks and potential lawsuits.

But captions have benefits beyond compliance—they boost SEO by enabling search engines to index your video content effectively. They enhance viewer engagement, especially in quiet or noisy environments, and help non-native speakers follow along more easily, improving comprehension and retention.

Open vs. Closed Captions: Which Should You Use?

Choosing between open and closed captions depends on your content and audience.

Open Captions are excellent for social media, live events, and public displays, where activating captions isn’t practical. They ensure every viewer can immediately access your message without additional steps.

Closed Captions are ideal for platforms like YouTube or Netflix, where viewers prefer customizing their caption viewing experience. They’re also essential for educational videos, multilingual content, or professional presentations, where accuracy and personalization enhance viewer experience.

How to Add Captions to Your Digital Content

Adding captions can be straightforward, whether you choose manual or automated methods.

Manual captioning involves creating captions yourself or with professional tools like Adobe Premiere Pro or YouTube Studio. This ensures accuracy and is highly recommended for educational and professional content.

Automatic captioning services like YouTube auto-captions or platforms such as Rev.com provide quick results but may vary in accuracy. Always review and correct auto-generated captions to maintain quality and compliance.

Understanding caption file formats is also beneficial. Popular formats include SRT (.srt), widely compatible across platforms like YouTube and Vimeo, and VTT (.vtt), ideal for web-based videos with additional formatting options.

How to Add Captions

Create or auto-generate captions.
Review and edit carefully for accuracy.
Export the appropriate caption file.
Upload the caption file to your video platform

Best Practices for Creating Accessible Captions

Prioritize Accuracy: Always proofread and edit captions.
Ensure Readability: Choose clear fonts and ensure strong contrast.
Be Concise and Clear: Keep captions brief but sufficient to communicate context.
Clearly Identify Speakers: Use identifiers like [John]: to clarify speakers.
Strategically Place Captions: Position captions without blocking essential visuals, typically at the bottom of the screen.

Captions & Subtitles: Enhancing Your Content

Captions and subtitles aren’t merely text overlays—they enhance viewer experiences, improve accessibility, and expand your content’s reach. By captioning thoughtfully, you’re making your videos richer and more inclusive.

Looking to improve accessibility on your website? At 216digital, we’re ready to help. Reach out via our contact form below and schedule an ADA briefing. Let’s explore how we can elevate your digital presence and engagement together.

Greg McNeil

March 10, 2025

WCAG Compliance

Accessibility, captions, Closed caption, subtitles, videos and audio content, WCAG, WCAG Compliance, Web Accessibility

The Key to Compliance? Continuous Accessibility

When businesses think about web accessibility, many assume it’s a one-and-done task—an issue to be resolved, checked off a list and forgotten. However, true accessibility is an ongoing process that requires regular updates, monitoring, and proactive improvements. Without continuous accessibility efforts, websites can quickly fall out of compliance, leading to legal risks, increased remediation costs, and a frustrating experience for users with disabilities.

For businesses looking to stay ahead, the key to compliance isn’t a single fix—it’s a long-term commitment to digital inclusion.

Why Accessibility Can’t Be a One-and-Done Project

Legal Landscape is Always Changing

The number of digital accessibility lawsuits continues to rise year after year. In 2024 alone, over 4,000 lawsuits were filed, and more than 78,000 demand letters were sent in 2022—an average of over 1,500 per week. These legal challenges highlight the growing expectation for businesses to maintain accessible digital spaces.

At the same time, accessibility regulations continue to evolve. Updates to the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) introduce new requirements that organizations must meet. A website that was compliant last year may not meet the latest standards today. Without continuous accessibility, even well-intentioned businesses can fall out of compliance, increasing the risk of legal action. Keeping up with regulatory changes through ongoing monitoring ensures that your website remains accessible and legally protected.

Technology and Websites Constantly Change

Websites rarely stay the same for long. New products, services, or design changes can quickly introduce barriers if they’re not tested for accessibility. A single line of new code could break an important accessibility feature. That’s why continuous accessibility involves regularly testing your site. You’ll spot problems early, fix them, and keep your site usable for everyone.

Business Risks of Treating Accessibility as a One-Time Fix

Increased Legal Vulnerability

If you ignore continuous accessibility, you open yourself up to legal issues. A website that doesn’t maintain ongoing compliance will have more accessibility gaps. These gaps can lead to lawsuits or demand letters. And once you’re in legal trouble, you’ll face tight deadlines to fix problems. This rushed work disrupts your team and can become very expensive. On the other hand, a business that practices continuous accessibility can stay ahead of potential lawsuits by showing it takes compliance seriously.

Cost of Reactive Fixes vs. Proactive Maintenance

Fixing problems under legal pressure can cost far more than addressing them early. When you wait until someone files a lawsuit or sends a demand letter, you don’t have time to plan your budget or workload. With continuous accessibility, you can schedule regular checks and fixes. You stay in control of your spending and protect your bottom line by avoiding big surprises.

Loss of Control Over Your Development Roadmap

If you get sued for an inaccessible website, you may be forced to pause other important projects in order to fix issues quickly. This can mean cutting back on marketing campaigns, product launches, or site improvements. When you adopt continuous accessibility, you maintain control over your development roadmap. You never have to rush or sacrifice other work because accessibility is always part of your process.

The Competitive Advantage of Continuous Accessibility

Expanding Market Reach

Accessibility is not just about meeting legal rules—it’s also about reaching more people. Many individuals with disabilities rely on websites that meet their needs. By focusing on continuous accessibility, you’re opening your site to a wider audience. In fact, 85% of businesses report that accessibility gives them a competitive edge. When your website is easy to use for everyone, you win more customers and build loyalty.

Stronger Brand Reputation & Customer Loyalty

People notice when a website welcomes them with clear navigation, captions, and other accessible features. A commitment to continuous accessibility tells the world you care about every user’s experience. That’s a message that builds goodwill. Not only does it help people with disabilities, but it also creates a simpler, more direct experience for all visitors. Happier customers are more likely to return and recommend your brand to others.

How to Sustainably Maintain Digital Accessibility

Implementing an Ongoing Monitoring Solution

Your accessibility work should not stop after an initial audit. You need to track your site’s status in real-time. Automated testing tools and manual reviews can show if any new barriers appear. For instance, a11y.Radar by 216digital offers a real-time monitoring and compliance tracking system. This solution is designed to help you practice continuous accessibility without it feeling burdensome. When an issue appears, you can fix it right away, long before it becomes a bigger problem or legal headache.

Accessibility Training & Organizational Buy-In

Many accessibility problems happen because teams don’t know how to avoid them. If developers, designers, and content creators are not trained in best practices, problems sneak in during everyday tasks. That’s why continuous accessibility relies on ongoing training. Encourage your staff to learn about accessible coding, design, and content rules. When everyone sees accessibility as part of their job, it’s easier to maintain compliance over time

.

Partnering with Experts for Long-Term Success

You don’t have to handle accessibility on your own. Working with a team of experts can ease your workload and calm any fears you might have. A trusted partner stays updated on changing rules and new technology. They guide you in making smart choices about your site’s structure and features. By collaborating with experts, continuous accessibility becomes a manageable task rather than a giant project. You keep your site welcoming and compliant without excessive effort.

Future-Proof Your Website with Continuous Accessibility

Accessibility isn’t a one-time box to check off. It’s an ongoing journey that requires regular care and attention. By embracing continuous accessibility, you protect your business from lawsuits, manage your budget more effectively, and reach a broader audience. You also build a reputation for being inclusive, which makes users feel valued and keeps them coming back.

If your business has already taken the first steps with a web remediation project, don’t stop there. Make sure your site stays compliant by practicing continuous accessibility as part of your standard workflow. You will save money, avoid risks, and serve a diverse group of people who might otherwise be left out.

At 216digital, we understand that continuous accessibility may sound daunting. That’s why we offer expertise and tools like a11y.Radar, a real-time monitoring solution. Together, we can keep your site compliant and user-friendly. It’s time to future-proof your website, protect your brand, and ensure a better online experience for everyone. Because when you invest in continuous accessibility, you invest in long-term success—both for your business and for the people who depend on it.

Greg McNeil

March 7, 2025

Web Accessibility Monitoring

Accessibility, Accessibility monitoring, ADA Compliance, web accessibility monitoring, Website Accessibility
How State Accessibility Laws Are Changing the Web
Laws are supposed to make things clearer, right? But when it comes to web accessibility, things aren’t always so straightforward. The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) is meant to ensure equal access for people with disabilities, yet it doesn’t outline exactly what website owners need to do. That legal gray area has led many states to introduce their own state accessibility laws, filling in the gaps and setting clearer expectations.

These state accessibility laws aren’t just patchwork solutions—they’re shaping the future of the internet. For businesses and website owners, staying ahead of these changes can mean the difference between compliance and costly legal trouble. More importantly, these laws help build a more inclusive web, ensuring people with disabilities can navigate online spaces without barriers.

Why States Are Creating Their Own Accessibility Laws

The ADA was designed to protect people with disabilities, and for a while, many assumed it would extend naturally to websites. But here’s the problem: the law doesn’t spell out digital accessibility requirements, leaving businesses uncertain about what’s expected of them. Meanwhile, the internet has evolved faster than legislation can keep up.

To bridge this gap, some states are passing their own state accessibility laws, setting clear rules for businesses and organizations. Unlike broad federal regulations, these state accessibility laws often provide detailed guidelines that eliminate the guesswork for website owners.

How These Laws Set New Standards

When a state enacts digital accessibility laws, it typically mandates a set of standards that websites must follow. The most common benchmark? The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) cover essential elements like color contrast, keyboard navigation, and video captions.

For example, state accessibility laws may require public-facing websites to comply with WCAG 2.1 Level AA. These state-specific regulations provide direct instructions, making compliance more straightforward than federal mandates. As more states adopt these standards, websites become more user-friendly and accessible to all.

Filling the Gaps in Federal Law

Federal laws play a crucial role in protecting people with disabilities, but they often lack specifics. This ambiguity leaves businesses unsure of how to achieve compliance. State accessibility laws provide much-needed clarity.

For instance, some state accessibility laws require businesses to add alt text to images—a simple description that screen readers use to help blind users understand visual content. Others mandate captions or transcripts for videos, ensuring accessibility for those who are deaf or hard of hearing. These straightforward updates can significantly improve usability.

What Website Owners Need to Know

If you own or manage a website, these state accessibility laws matter. States may have different requirements, and even if your business is based in one location, you could be subject to laws of another state if your website serves customers there.

Ignoring state accessibility laws isn’t just risky—it can be expensive. Some states impose fines for noncompliance, and lawsuits over website accessibility are on the rise. Even small businesses aren’t immune.

But compliance isn’t just about avoiding penalties. A well-structured website with clear navigation, readable text, and a thoughtful layout benefits everyone, not just those with disabilities. When your site is easier to use, visitors are more likely to stay, shop, and return.

Getting Started with Web Accessibility

Improving website accessibility might seem daunting, but breaking it down into simple steps makes it manageable:
1. Audit Your Website – Use free tools like WAVE or Google Lighthouse to scan your site for common accessibility issues, such as low color contrast or missing alt text.
2. Follow Recognized Guidelines – Familiarize yourself with WCAG, which offers clear instructions on making digital content more inclusive.
3. Train Your Team – Developers, designers, and content creators should understand basic accessibility principles. Even small changes—like using descriptive link text—can improve usability.
4. Stay Informed – Laws are evolving. Keep up with accessibility regulations in the states where you do business. When in doubt, consult a legal expert or an accessibility specialist.
5. Test with Real Users – Automated tools can catch some issues, but nothing beats real user feedback. People with disabilities can provide invaluable insights into how accessible (or inaccessible) your site truly is.
What’s Next for Web Accessibility?

State-level laws are pushing accessibility forward, and we’re already seeing a shift. Features like alt text and captions are becoming standard rather than optional. As more states implement stricter rules, they may eventually influence federal law, leading to more transparent nationwide standards.

States also learn from each other. When one successfully enforces digital accessibility, others often adopt similar strategies. This collective effort is helping to create a more inclusive web for everyone.

Staying Ahead of State Accessibility Laws

Keeping up with changing accessibility laws ensures compliance while making websites more user-friendly. Small improvements can make a significant impact—not just legally, but in terms of customer satisfaction and usability.

Since the internet is essential for shopping, learning, and staying connected, prioritizing accessibility benefits everyone. Thoughtful design choices don’t just reduce legal risks; they make online experiences better for all users.

Not sure where to start? 216digital can help. Schedule a briefing with our team to stay ahead of new accessibility laws and ensure your website remains inclusive for all visitors.
Greg McNeil

March 6, 2025

Legal Compliance

Accessibility, accessibility laws, Legal compliance, state accessibility laws, web compliance, Website Accessibility
What is Inclusive Design?
These days, people rely on the internet for just about everything—shopping, learning, connecting with others, and more. That is why it is so important for websites to be easy to use for everyone, regardless of their abilities or backgrounds. Inclusive design ensures that digital spaces are welcoming and accessible to all, whether someone has a vision or hearing impairment, limited mobility, speaks a different language, or simply is not tech-savvy.

When businesses overlook accessibility, they risk shutting out entire groups of potential customers. So what exactly is inclusive design, and how can you make it a priority for your business? Let’s break it down.

What’s Inclusive Design and Why Does It Matter?

Most of us take certain web features for granted, like being able to click a button or read text on a screen. But imagine if someone has trouble seeing small letters or cannot operate a mouse. A website that is hard to use may prevent them from completing a simple task, such as filling out a form or finding important information. Inclusive design solves these problems by considering everyone’s needs from the start.

When we practice inclusive design, we do more than just check a box for accessibility. We build sites that help people with different backgrounds and abilities feel welcome. This approach lets businesses reach a larger audience and gives more people the chance to use digital tools. In the end, everyone benefits.

Key Principles of Inclusive Design

Inclusive design follows a few core principles to ensure websites and digital experiences work for the widest range of users. These principles help designers create sites that are flexible, clear, and easy to navigate for everyone.

1. Flexibility: Adapting to Different Needs

Flexibility is one of the most important principles of inclusive design. Websites should adapt to different user needs, devices, and environments. Not everyone interacts with a website in the same way, so design elements must be versatile.

For example, someone browsing on a smartphone may need larger buttons or a simpler layout to tap easily. A person using a screen reader may require properly labeled content so their assistive device can read text and links in a logical order. A website offering multiple ways to interact—such as voice commands, keyboard shortcuts, or touchscreen options—ensures users can engage with it in the way that suits them best.

2. Clarity: Making Information Easy to Read and Understand

Clarity is another core principle of inclusive design. If a website’s content is difficult to read or understand, it excludes many users. Sites should be simple, direct, and easy to follow.

Some ways to improve clarity include:
- Using plain language instead of technical jargon
- Writing short paragraphs and using bullet points to break up content
- Adding clear headings and subheadings to guide readers
- Avoiding long, complex sentences
These strategies benefit people with cognitive disabilities, those who speak English as a second language, and anyone who is quickly skimming for key information.

3. Consistency: Creating a Predictable Experience

Consistency is a key part of inclusive design because a predictable, structured website helps all users navigate smoothly. If menus, buttons, and links work the same way across different pages, visitors can find what they need without confusion.

For instance:
- Navigation menus should stay in the same place on every page
- Buttons and links should have clear labels describing their purpose
- Form fields should follow the same format throughout the site
Consistency is especially important for people using assistive technologies like screen readers, as it helps them understand and interact with a website more efficiently. It also benefits users who rely on keyboard navigation or voice commands.

Examples of Inclusive Design in Practice

A good example of inclusive design is seen on social media platforms that offer closed captioning for videos. This allows people who cannot hear—or those who do not want to disturb others—to follow along. News websites that highlight key text or break up content into simpler chunks also practice inclusive design: by using plain language and proper formatting, they make it easier for a broad audience to consume information.

Meanwhile, many e-commerce sites let shoppers filter products by color, size, or shape, helping those with specific needs. A person with color blindness might benefit from color labels spelled out in text, instead of relying on swatches alone, while someone with shaky hands might need larger buttons to click. These small adjustments illustrate how inclusive design can shape the online world to welcome everyone rather than turn people away.

Benefits of Inclusive Design

Embracing inclusive design does more than improve accessibility—it benefits businesses, organizations, and users alike. When websites accommodate all people, they become more effective, user-friendly, and legally compliant. Below are some of the biggest advantages of adopting inclusive design.

1. Reaching a Bigger Audience

One of the greatest benefits of inclusive design is how it expands a website’s reach. By being accessible to more people, businesses can connect with a larger and more diverse audience.

Many users rely on assistive technology or need specific design accommodations, including:
- People with visual impairments who use screen readers
- Users with hearing impairments who rely on captions and transcripts
- Individuals with mobility challenges who navigate via keyboard controls or voice commands
- People with cognitive differences who need clear, structured content
When websites are built for these groups, businesses and organizations can serve more customers and gain a competitive edge.

2. Improving User Experience for Everyone

A well-designed, inclusive website helps not just users with disabilities but all visitors. Clear text, logical navigation, and flexible layouts make websites easier for everyone to use.

For example:
- Captions on videos help users in noisy environments who cannot turn on the sound
- Readable fonts and high-contrast text improve legibility for all users, not just those with visual impairments
- Mobile-friendly designs ensure accessibility for people browsing on smartphones, tablets, and other devices
By prioritizing inclusive design, businesses create digital spaces that are both efficient and enjoyable for every user.

3. Staying Legally Compliant

Many countries have laws that require websites to be accessible. In the U.S., the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) set legal standards for digital accessibility. Failure to comply can lead to lawsuits, fines, and damage to a brand’s reputation. In 2024 alone, more than 4,000 websites were sued for not meeting accessibility requirements, highlighting the serious risks of ignoring inclusive design.

Businesses that do not meet these standards may face legal action from advocacy groups or individuals. Ensuring compliance from the start helps companies avoid these challenges while showing a commitment to equal access.

Simple Steps to Get Started

Inclusive design principles become easier to apply when you follow a few basic steps:
- Plan Early
- Include accessibility and usability in the early stages of your web project. Think about how users with diverse needs will interact with each part of your site.
- Use Clear Language
- Write in short sentences and simple words. This benefits people who speak English as a second language or have reading difficulties.
- Focus on Layout
- Organize your page in a logical way. Use headings, subheadings, and clear labels. This makes it easier for screen readers to process content.
- Color Contrast Matters
- Ensure your text and backgrounds have enough contrast. Free online tools like WebAIM’s Contrast Checker can help you check color contrast levels.
- Provide Text Alternatives
- Add captions to videos and alternative text for images. This helps people who cannot see the screen or hear the audio.
- Test with Real Users
- Set aside time to watch real users test your site. This is one of the most effective ways to find out what works and what does not.
Tools and Techniques

Several tools and techniques can help you practice inclusive design. Many free online checkers let you test color contrast, readability, and overall accessibility. Browser extensions can point out areas of your site that need attention. You can also try using a screen reader—like NVDA, VoiceOver on a Mac or Narrator on Windows—to experience your website as someone with vision impairments might.

If you apply inclusive design effectively, consider adding features such as keyboard navigation, enabling users to move around your site with arrow keys or the Tab key instead of a mouse. Another useful practice is to highlight the selected element on screen, helping people see which button or link they are about to activate.

Conclusion

Inclusive design is not just a best practice—it is a necessary approach for creating digital experiences that work for everyone. Websites that prioritize inclusive design are more accessible, easier to navigate, and more effective at reaching diverse audiences. By focusing on accessibility from the outset, businesses can avoid costly redesigns, improve user engagement, and ensure legal compliance.

At 216digital, we understand the importance of inclusive design and the role it plays in establishing a successful online presence. Our team specializes in accessibility audits, website design, and ongoing compliance monitoring to help businesses meet the highest accessibility standards. Ensuring your website is accessible is not just about checking a legal box—it is about creating a better online experience for everyone. Contact 216digital today to make sure your website is designed for all users.
Greg McNeil

March 5, 2025

How-to Guides, Web Design & Development

Accessible Design, Graphic Designer, inclusive desgin, Web Accessible Design
Title II Compliance Amid Political Uncertainty
The political landscape around disability rights can shift quickly. Yet, for state and local governments, the legal requirements under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) do not vanish. Title II of the ADA makes sure people with disabilities have equal access to government programs and services. Even when leaders talk about changing rules, the obligation to comply with Title II remains.

A recent court case, Ellerbee v. State of Louisiana, shows how serious these rules are. This case has become a wake-up call for many. It sends a clear message: do not wait to make your digital services accessible, or you might face a lawsuit.

ADA Title II Compliance: What Hasn’t Changed

Under Title II, state and local governments must provide equal access to public services. This includes websites, online forms, and mobile apps. The ADA has always covered digital content, even though earlier laws did not spell it out as clearly as modern rules do. Some governments may be waiting for new regulations to make changes. But that is risky because Title II has long required equal access online.

Recent regulations point to the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) as the standard. But just because these rules are more precise now does not mean the core obligation is new. Governments that do not meet these accessibility standards can still face legal action from private citizens or advocacy groups. Federal or local policy shifts do not take away the chance of a lawsuit.

Ellerbee v. State of Louisiana: A Court-Ordered Reality Check

In January 2025, a judge ruled that the State of Louisiana must make its websites accessible right away. The plaintiff, Beau Ellerbee, is blind. He sued Louisiana because he could not use its government websites. Louisiana claimed it did not have to follow accessibility standards yet because new federal deadlines were not in effect. However, the judge disagreed. The court said the ADA’s rules already exist and cannot be brushed aside.

This ruling is important. It reminds all governments that waiting for future deadlines is dangerous. The court made it clear that Title II compliance is an immediate duty, not an optional one. If a website is not accessible, people can sue and win—right now. Governments should note this and avoid ignoring their responsibilities.

Political Uncertainty and Compliance: What We Know and Don’t Know

Many leaders wonder if changing political priorities will affect Title II compliance. Some worry that the rule could be canceled. While it is possible, changing a major rule is hard. It takes a long time to undo a regulation, so it will not happen overnight.

Federal enforcement efforts can shift. Some administrations may push more or fewer investigations into accessibility. However, lawsuits from individuals and groups will not just stop. They can still file legal cases when they face barriers. Relying on reduced enforcement is risky. The question is: should you wait? The answer is no. Even if federal agencies slow down, private lawsuits will keep coming. Governments must stay prepared.

Upcoming Deadlines for Digital Accessibility

Here are the upcoming deadlines for digital accessibility:
- Large municipalities (population more than 50,000) and public universities: April 2026
- Smaller municipalities (population under 50,000) and special districts: April 2027
Essential Steps for Title II Compliance

But as we have learned, these deadlines do not mean you can wait until the last minute. Being proactive is essential. Governments should take the following steps now:
1. Conduct Accessibility Audits: Check your websites, mobile apps, and PDFs to find barriers. Consulting with a specialist firm like 216digital to conduct a thorough audit can also be a wise investment.
2. Prioritize High-Impact Services: Focus first on key areas like emergency services, tax portals, and public benefits. These are used most often.
3. Implement Ongoing Training: Train your staff, especially those involved in website management and content creation, about web accessibility.
4. Monitor and Maintain Compliance: Accessibility is ongoing. After fixing issues, keep testing, new accessibility issues will arise over time.
5. Document Efforts: Keep records of your audits, training sessions, and updates. This shows good faith in meeting Title II requirements.
Legal Precedents Are Changing—Is Your Business Ready?

Although the recent uproar in Louisiana focused on Title II, there is a growing concern that courts could apply the same level of scrutiny to Title III, which governs private businesses. When judges see states being held responsible for inaccessibility under Title II, it is not a stretch to imagine them enforcing strict guidelines for private companies under Title III of the ADA.

Private online businesses that have not yet addressed accessibility may be at risk. Website accessibility lawsuits against private companies are on the rise. For instance, in 2017, federal lawsuits related to inaccessible websites and apps stood at around 814. By 2024, that number had soared to more than 4,000. If the tide can turn so quickly for state and local governments, private businesses should assume that Title III enforcement could intensify just as fast.

The Path Forward Amid Uncertainty

Political changes may create doubt, but the duty to follow Title II remains. The Ellerbee v. State of Louisiana ruling shows that waiting for future deadlines can lead to immediate lawsuits. If you manage a government website or any public-facing digital service, now is the best time to address accessibility needs.

The same principle applies to private businesses. If you have questions about making your online presence meet ADA guidelines, consider scheduling an ADA briefing with 216digital. Our team of accessibility experts can develop strategies to integrate WCAG 2.1 compliance into your development roadmap on your terms so you can focus on what matters — your business.
Greg McNeil

March 4, 2025

Legal Compliance

Accessibility, ADA, ADA Compliance, ADA Title II, Title II, Web Accessibility
The Dos and Don’ts of Crafting a Web Accessibility Policy
When you run a website or create online content, it’s easy to get excited about beautiful visuals and the latest technology. But here’s the thing many people overlook: web accessibility. Making your website easy for everyone to use—no matter their abilities—isn’t just kind, it’s smart business.

A thoughtful web accessibility policy explains exactly how your website will be welcoming and easy to use for everyone, especially people with disabilities. It shows you care about being fair and inclusive, building trust with your visitors.

In this guide, we’ll walk you through creating a strong, practical web accessibility policy, show you how to put it into action, and help you build an organizational culture that cares deeply about accessibility every day.

What is a Web Accessibility Policy?

Accessibility Statement: Your Promise to Visitors

Have you ever noticed a link that says “Accessibility” at the bottom of a website? That’s usually an accessibility statement. Think of it as your friendly promise to visitors that your website is designed to be easy for everyone to use.

A good accessibility statement:
- Clearly shows you care about accessibility.
- Shares exactly how accessible your website currently is (like meeting WCAG 2.1 AA standards).
- Gives easy ways for visitors to ask for help or report problems.
This statement helps visitors feel welcome and shows you’re serious about meeting their needs.

Accessibility Policy vs. Accessibility Statement: What’s the Real Difference?

Here’s a quick way to remember the difference:
- Accessibility Statement: Short, public, and visitor-focused. It’s your friendly promise to website users.
- Accessibility Policy: Detailed, internal, and team-focused. It guides your team on exactly how to keep your site accessible, including who does what and when.
Both are important. The statement lets visitors know you care, and the policy helps your team keep that promise.

Creating a Strong Accessibility Policy

Pick Clear Standards

Avoid vague promises like “fully accessible.” Instead, choose clear guidelines, such as WCAG 2.1 Level AA. These give your team specific targets to reach. If your site lets users add their own content, include guidelines like ATAG (Authoring Tool Accessibility Guidelines).

Clear standards help your team know exactly what’s expected.

Clearly Assign Responsibilities

Make it easy for everyone to know who does what:
- Choose an accessibility lead or form a team from different areas like design, content, and web development.
- Schedule regular checks (monthly or quarterly) to catch problems early.
- Set up simple ways for users to report issues and quickly decide who will respond to these reports.
Involve Everyone in Your Organization

Accessibility isn’t just for tech teams—it’s for everyone. Teams like marketing, communications, and HR also need to understand basic accessibility. Include accessibility checkpoints in everyday work, like project plans, content creation, and contracts.

Keep an Eye on Third-Party Tools and Vendors

Sometimes outside software or tools can accidentally create accessibility barriers. Avoid this by:
- Checking accessibility before buying new software or services.
- Asking vendors for proof of their products’ accessibility (like a VPAT).
- Clearly stating accessibility requirements in your contracts.
Putting Your Web Accessibility Policy Into Action

Set Clear Goals and Deadlines

Set achievable goals with clear deadlines. For example, you might aim to reach basic accessibility standards in six months and higher standards within a year. Clearly write down each task and assign it to specific people.

Keep Your Policy Up-to-Date

Accessibility standards change over time. Regularly review your policy every 6 to 12 months. Stay informed about new guidelines by joining webinars, reading blogs, or participating in workshops.

Building an Accessibility-Friendly Culture

Your ultimate goal is to make accessibility feel natural and positive in your organization. Encourage your team to see accessibility as part of good design—not as something extra or limiting.

Celebrate successes, reward good work, and encourage ongoing learning about accessibility.

Conclusion

Creating a web accessibility policy isn’t a one-time task—it’s an ongoing commitment to fairness and inclusion. By clearly setting goals, involving your entire organization, and keeping an eye on outside tools, you make your site truly welcoming for everyone.

Need help getting started or improving your policy? 216digital can support you. We provide accessibility audits, policy creation help, and ongoing support to make sure your website stays welcoming for all visitors. Reach out to 216digital today—let’s make your website inclusive, accessible, and successful together!
Greg McNeil

February 28, 2025

Web Accessibility Training

Accessibility, accessibility policy, accessibility statement, Web Accessibility, Website Accessibility
EDF and IAAP Call Out Accessibility Overlays
You’ve probably seen accessibility overlays advertised as a quick and easy way to make websites compliant with accessibility laws. Companies promoting these tools claim they can fix accessibility issues with just a few lines of code, no major effort required. Sounds great, right?

Not so fast.

Leading accessibility organizations, including the European Disability Forum (EDF) and the International Association of Accessibility Professionals (IAAP), strongly disagree. In fact, they’ve openly criticized these tools, pointing out that overlays not only fail to meet accessibility standards but can actually make websites harder to use for people with disabilities.

If you’re a website owner, this is something you need to know—because relying on an overlay could be doing more harm than good. Let’s break down why EDF and IAAP are speaking out, the biggest issues with overlays, and what you should be doing instead.

What Are Accessibility Overlays?

Accessibility overlays are automated software tools designed to modify a website’s appearance and functionality in an attempt to improve accessibility. They might add features like screen reader support, color contrast adjustments, or keyboard navigation enhancements—all without requiring direct changes to the website’s underlying code.

Sounds convenient, but here’s the catch: overlays don’t actually fix accessibility issues. They just try to patch over them.

Many companies claim their overlays help websites comply with Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG), the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), and the European Accessibility Act (EAA). But accessibility experts, as well as actual users with disabilities, say otherwise.

Why Are EDF and IAAP Against Accessibility Overlays?

EDF and IAAP have outlined several major concerns about accessibility overlays. Their stance isn’t just theoretical—it’s backed by research, real-world testing, and feedback from people who rely on assistive technologies. Here’s what they found:

1. Overlays Don’t Actually Fix Accessibility Issues

Accessibility isn’t just about how a site looks—it’s about how it functions. Many accessibility issues, such as missing form labels, poorly structured headings, and inaccessible interactive elements, cannot be fixed by an overlay. These require changes to the website’s actual code.

An overlay might tweak things on the surface, but under the hood, the same barriers remain.

2. Accessibility Overlays Can Interfere with Assistive Technologies

People who rely on screen readers, voice control software, or switch devices often report that overlays make their experience worse. Instead of improving accessibility, overlays can clash with assistive technologies, leading to confusing and frustrating experiences.

Imagine trying to navigate a site with a screen reader, only to have an overlay forcing adjustments you didn’t ask for or use their screen reader instead. That’s the reality for many users.

3. Overlays Create a False Sense of Compliance

One of the most dangerous aspects of overlays is the illusion of accessibility they create. A business might think they’ve “checked the box” just by installing an overlay, but in reality, they could still be violating accessibility laws.

This false security can leave companies vulnerable to legal action—and even worse, it fails to make websites truly accessible.

4. Businesses Using Overlays Still Get Sued

Think an overlay will protect you from lawsuits? Think again.

In 2024, over 1,000 businesses that utilized overlays faced accessibility lawsuits according to Useablnet’s 2024 End of the Year Report. Courts have consistently ruled that overlays don’t meet legal requirements under the ADA and other accessibility laws. In some cases, overlays have even been used as evidence that a company ignored real accessibility fixes.

5. Users with Disabilities Strongly Oppose Accessibility Overlays

The people who actually rely on accessible websites have spoken: they don’t like overlays.

Advocates and individuals with disabilities have repeatedly criticized overlays for making web browsing harder, not easier. Instead of solving accessibility challenges, overlays often introduce new problems, disrupting the way users navigate and interact with content.

A New York Times article, For Blind Internet Users, the Fix Can Be Worse Than the Flaws, highlights just how frustrating overlays can be. As Mr. Perdue, a blind user, put it: “I’ve not yet found a single one that makes my life better. I spend more time working around these overlays than I actually do navigating the website.”

When the very tools meant to help people with disabilities end up making their experience worse, it’s clear that overlays are not the solution.

6. Overlays Can Introduce New Barriers

Rather than eliminating accessibility issues, overlays often create more obstacles.

Some force unwanted settings on users, preventing them from using their own assistive technology configurations. Others introduce navigation loops, trapping users on certain pages or making it impossible to interact with important website elements.

If an accessibility “fix” creates more accessibility problems, is it really a fix at all?

What Should Website Owners Do Instead?

If accessibility overlays aren’t the answer, what is? The good news is that true accessibility is achievable—and it starts with the right approach.

1. Conduct a Proper Accessibility Audit

Before making changes, you need to know what’s broken.

An accessibility audit helps identify barriers on your site by testing against WCAG standards. The best audits combine automated scans with manual testing, including feedback from users with disabilities.

2. Fix Accessibility Issues at the Code Level

The only way to ensure true accessibility is to build it into the foundation of your website. This means:
- Using semantic HTML for a clear page structure
- Ensuring all interactive elements are keyboard-accessible
- Providing text alternatives for images, videos, and other non-text content
- Implementing ARIA attributes where needed for better screen reader support
3. Involve Users with Disabilities in Testing

Want to make sure your site is actually accessible? Ask the people who need it most.

Incorporating real-world feedback from users with disabilities during usability testing helps uncover issues that automated tools might miss.

4. Train Your Team on Accessibility Best Practices

Accessibility isn’t just a one-time fix—it’s an ongoing commitment.

Educating your developers, designers, and content creators about accessibility best practices ensures that your website remains accessible long-term.

5. Monitor and Maintain Accessibility Over Time

Websites change all the time—so does accessibility.

Regular testing, monitoring, and updates are key to keeping your site accessible. Tools like a11y.Radar can help businesses track and maintain compliance as their website evolves.

Conclusion

EDF and IAAP have made one thing clear: accessibility overlays are not the answer.

They don’t fix real accessibility issues, they interfere with assistive technologies, and they create a false sense of security that leaves businesses exposed to legal risk. Worse, they fail the very people they’re supposed to help.

So, what’s the better approach? Real, lasting accessibility.

That means conducting audits, making code-level fixes, listening to users with disabilities, and maintaining accessibility over time. Not only is this the right thing to do, but it’s also the best way to protect your business from legal trouble and create an inclusive digital experience.

You don’t have to do it alone. 216digital can help you navigate accessibility the right way—with real solutions that work. Schedule an ADA Briefing today and take the first step toward a truly accessible website.
Greg McNeil

February 26, 2025

Legal Compliance

Accessibility, accessibility overlays, Legal compliance, Overlay widgets, Overlays, Web Accessibility
How BITV 2.0 Impacts Public Websites in Germany
If you build or manage websites, you might have heard about accessibility rules in different countries. One of the key regulations in Germany is called BITV 2.0. It helps ensure that public websites and mobile apps are usable by everyone, including people with disabilities. Website owners and content creators in the United States might wonder why they should care about German law. The truth is that many organizations have a global audience, and they often serve users in Germany, too. That’s why it’s helpful to understand BITV 2.0 and how it might affect your online presence.

What Is BITV 2.0?

BITV stands for Barrierefreie-Informationstechnik-Verordnung. This is Germany’s legal framework for accessible information technology. BITV 2.0 sets specific standards that public websites and mobile apps need to follow. Germany wants to remove barriers that keep people with disabilities from thoroughly enjoying online services. That includes everything from reading digital documents to completing forms.

When we talk about BITV 2.0, we’re focusing on the revised version of the original BITV rules, introduced to reflect changes in international standards.

Who Does BITV 2.0 Affect?

BITV 2.0 applies mainly to public-sector organizations in Germany. That includes federal ministries, public institutions, and some agencies linked to government services. It also covers websites and mobile applications that these groups manage. If your business or organization has a European branch, it’s wise to check whether any part of your web presence is considered “public sector” in Germany. Even if your team operates mainly from the United States, you might work with German partners or serve government clients in Germany. In that case, you could fall under BITV 2.0 guidelines.

Key Requirements and Technical Standards

The heart of BITV 2.0 lies in its alignment with the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG). WCAG is an international set of recommendations for making web content more accessible. It focuses on four core principles:
1. Perceivable – Users should be able to see or hear the content in some form.
2. Operable – All users should be able to operate the interface, including those who use keyboards or assistive devices.
3. Understandable – Information should be clear, and the design should not confuse or overwhelm people.
4. Robust – Websites should work with a wide range of technologies, including screen readers and other assistive tools.
BITV 2.0 directs public websites to follow WCAG 2.1 up to level AA. That means your site should offer features like proper color contrast, text alternatives for images, and reliable keyboard navigation. The rules also require documents to be accessible. This can include PDFs that have a logical reading order and forms that let users tab through fields in a sensible way.

Another important reference is the European Standard EN 301 549. This covers requirements for digital accessibility in Europe. BITV 2.0 makes use of this standard, which lines up with WCAG 2.1 and addresses many aspects of web and software accessibility.

Key Updates in BITV 2.0

The updated version of BITV introduced new responsibilities. These updates encourage website owners to provide an accessibility statement on their websites. An accessibility statement shows users the level of compliance and explains any known accessibility issues. It also explains how users can contact the website owner if they face barriers.

BITV 2.0 expands rules to cover public mobile apps. Many people do daily tasks through apps, such as booking appointments or paying fees. Now, these apps must meet the same standards as websites. This is more pressing for government agencies that deliver digital services in app form.

Steps to Achieve Compliance

Achieving compliance with BITV 2.0 starts with learning where your site or app stands. It’s good to begin with an accessibility audit. This audit checks for issues that might stop someone from using your website or app comfortably. You can then prioritize fixes based on how serious each issue is.

Here are some steps that can guide your process:

Review Your Current Content

Test your website for keyboard navigability. Use tools that check color contrast and other visual aspects. Make sure images have meaningful alt text. If you have videos, consider providing captions. This first pass can reveal some of the more obvious problems.

Check Your PDF and Other Documents

Many public websites host PDFs and Word files. These documents need to be readable by screen readers. Check for a correct reading order, and ensure form fields are labeled. This helps people who rely on assistive technology.

Look at Your Mobile Apps

If you provide a mobile app to serve users, apply similar checks there. This includes ensuring that buttons have clear labels and that each screen is easy to navigate using voice commands or a screen reader.

Provide an Accessibility Statement

BITV 2.0 requires that public websites and apps offer a clear statement about their accessibility status. Include contact details for users who need more help or want to report a barrier. Keep this statement updated as you fix any problems.

Train Your Team

Compliance is easier when everyone on your team knows how to create accessible content. Encourage developers, designers, and content creators to learn WCAG 2.1 guidelines. That can be done through online courses or official training programs.

Stay Informed

Rules and technology change over time. Keeping an eye on updates to WCAG and the European standards helps you remain prepared for any changes in BITV 2.0.

Why Should US-Based Website Owners Care?

You might think that a German ordinance doesn’t affect you if your organization is based in the United States. In a global digital world, you never know when a user from Germany will need your service. Some US-based companies also maintain offices in Europe or partner with German government agencies. In those situations, accessibility under BITV 2.0 becomes a core concern.

Even if you don’t serve a German public sector audience, improving accessibility is a worthy goal. It makes your site easier for everyone to use. It also fits with good user experience practices. Following BITV 2.0 can raise the bar on the overall quality of your site or app.

Practical Tips for Getting Started
- Use Automated Tools: Automated scanners can find basic issues fast. They’re not perfect, but they give you a starting point.
- Set Up User Testing: Invite users with different abilities to test your site. Their experiences can show you issues that software alone might miss.
- Make Small Changes First: Fixing alt tags on images or improving color contrast is often simple. These quick wins boost morale and help you build momentum.
- Gather Feedback: Provide a way for visitors to report problems. This keeps you aware of issues and shows that you care about making improvements.
Moving Forward With BITV 2.0

BITV 2.0 is about making digital spaces open to everyone in Germany. It’s a structured set of rules that public websites and apps need to follow. If you’re in the United States, you might not think it applies to you at first. But in today’s world, web services cross borders. If your site or app is used by people in Germany, the requirements of BITV 2.0 matter.

Meeting these standards can feel complex, especially for teams new to accessibility guidelines. The good news is that there are many tools, checklists, and training programs that can guide you. By taking small steps, you’ll move closer to compliance and also create a better experience for all users. Once you understand BITV 2.0 and put it into practice, you’ll be ready to serve a broader audience in Germany—and beyond.

BITV 2.0: Compliance Without Borders

BITV 2.0 sets the legal framework for online accessibility in Germany. It focuses on ensuring websites and mobile apps can be used by everyone, including those with disabilities. The law affects public-sector entities, but private organizations with ties to Germany may also need to follow these guidelines. Compliance involves following WCAG 2.1 standards, providing an accessibility statement, and keeping up to date with evolving requirements. If you’re a website owner or content creator in the United States, it makes sense to keep these rules in mind, especially if your reach extends into Germany. Over time, you’ll see that adopting BITV 2.0 guidelines benefits your audience and helps you maintain a user-friendly and accessible online presence.

Navigating accessibility regulations like BITV 2.0 can be complex, but you don’t have to do it alone. Schedule an ADA briefing with 216digital to discuss your accessibility needs and ensure your website meets international compliance standards. Use the contact form at the bottom of the page to get started today!
Greg McNeil

February 25, 2025

Legal Compliance

Accessibility, BITV 2.0, Legal compliance, WCAG, WCAG Compliance, Website Accessibility
Why Should Websites Prioritize Multimedia Accessibility?

Today, video and audio have become essential ways to share information. In fact, the average person now watches about 84 minutes of online video each day, and that number continues to grow. Podcasts, livestreams, and short clips fill our feeds, but there’s a critical point many content creators overlook: not everyone experiences multimedia in the same way. For individuals without access to captions, transcripts, or other multimedia accessibility features, valuable information can slip through the cracks.

Research from Johns Hopkins University shows that 1 in 5 people live with hearing loss that affects everyday communication. Add that to the 21 million with visual impairments and the 65.6 million with learning or attention-related conditions, and you have over 130 million Americans who might struggle with typical video and audio formats. Below, we’ll explore why it’s so important to make your multimedia accessible and share some key steps for doing it right.

Video and Audio Accessibility

Multimedia accessibility means designing video and audio content so people with hearing, visual, or cognitive challenges can fully engage. Often, this involves retrofitting existing videos or podcasts to align with guidelines such as the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG). These guidelines outline how to make digital media easy to perceive, operate, and understand for everyone.

People can encounter many barriers online. Someone who is Deaf or hard of hearing won’t know what’s being said without captions, and a person with low vision may have trouble following on-screen text without audio description. Even individuals with learning differences might find it tough to keep up if the video moves too fast. By addressing these issues, you create a better experience for everyone—whether they have a disability or simply prefer a different way of engaging with content.

Why Remediating Multimedia Is Essential

Inclusive User Experience

Making your videos and audio clips accessible ensures you’re not leaving anyone behind. Features like captions, transcripts, and audio descriptions help people with disabilities, but they also benefit those watching in a noisy coffee shop, people who learn best through reading, or anyone who wants to watch without turning up the volume. Accessibility features often help more users than you’d expect, much like how ramps and elevators benefit parents with strollers and travelers with luggage, not just individuals who use wheelchairs.

Legal Compliance & Risk Mitigation

In the United States, laws such as the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and Section 508 require accessible digital content in many situations. Failing to meet these requirements can lead to lawsuits, financial penalties, and damage to your brand’s reputation. It’s far safer—and more ethical—to be proactive about multimedia accessibility rather than risk legal problems down the road.

SEO and Discoverability

Making your multimedia content accessible also helps search engines like Google understand what’s in your videos and audio. That’s because search engines can’t watch a video or listen to a podcast the same way humans do—but they can read text. When you add captions, transcripts, and descriptive metadata, your content becomes easier to index, which can boost your search rankings and bring more people to your website.

Key Multimedia Accessibility Techniques

Captions and Subtitles

Captions display the spoken words, plus important sounds (like music or a door slamming) on screen. They can be closed (user can turn them on or off) or open (always displayed). Effective captions must be accurate, in sync with the audio, and easy to read. This is crucial for people who are Deaf or hard of hearing, but it also helps viewers in noisy surroundings or those who find text easier to follow.

Transcripts

Transcripts are full text versions of everything said and heard in a video or audio file. They should include key sound effects or music cues as well. Transcripts are especially helpful for people with hearing loss or attention difficulties, but they’re also a big plus for your search engine optimization because they offer a text-based format that Google can index.

Audio Descriptions

For viewers with visual impairments, audio descriptions explain important visuals that aren’t covered by dialogue—like a shift in setting or a character’s facial expression. Ideally, these descriptions are inserted during natural pauses in the speech so they don’t interrupt the flow of the content.

Using an Accessible Video Player

Even well-captioned videos aren’t truly accessible if the video player itself is hard to navigate. Look for a player that supports keyboard navigation, screen readers, adjustable playback speeds, and independent volume controls for different audio elements.

Planning Multimedia Accessibility from the Start

While it’s possible to add accessibility features to existing media, it’s much easier (and less time-consuming) to plan these features from the beginning. Choose platforms that support captions, transcripts, and audio descriptions, and be sure to test your content with real users who rely on assistive technologies.

Conclusion

Making your videos and audio content accessible is about ensuring no one is left out. It’s not just good ethics or a legal must-have—it also boosts your SEO, widens your audience, and enhances user satisfaction. By adding captions, transcripts, audio descriptions, and user-friendly video players, you’re creating content that welcomes everyone.

If you’re ready to take the next step, 216digital can help you make your website’s multimedia content truly inclusive. Contact us today to learn how. Multimedia accessibility is more than just checking a box—it’s about respecting your audience and future-proofing your brand in an increasingly diverse digital world.

Greg McNeil

February 24, 2025

WCAG Compliance

Accessibility, videos and audio content, WCAG Compliance, Website Accessibility
Can Fixing Accessibility Issues Void an ADA Lawsuit?
The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) is a law designed to protect people with disabilities. It requires both physical and digital spaces to be accessible to everyone. When we talk about a website, accessibility issues might include problems like small text, missing captions for videos, or code that screen readers can’t understand. Fixing these barriers can make a big difference for people with vision, hearing, or other disabilities.

But what happens when you’re sued for accessibility and then fix the barriers? Can you end the lawsuit just by correcting the problem? In some cases, if a legal dispute is settled or the main issue is resolved, the courts call it “moot.” A moot case is one where the concern is gone, and there’s nothing left to argue about. So, does fixing your accessibility issues automatically make the lawsuit moot and make the case go away?

What Does “Moot” Mean in ADA Lawsuits?

When a case is “moot,” it means the issue at the center of the dispute is fully resolved. There’s nothing more for the court to settle. Courts don’t spend time on moot cases because their job is to address real, ongoing problems. If a problem is completely gone, there’s no need to step in.

How This Applies to ADA Lawsuits

Many ADA lawsuits, particularly those concerning website accessibility issues, don’t always focus on money. Instead, they often request that a business fix the problem. If the business does correct its accessibility barriers, it can argue that the lawsuit should be dismissed because there’s truly nothing left to contest.

However, making a handful of fixes doesn’t mean the court will deem it moot. Sometimes, the court still proceeds with litigation if it remains uncertain the corrections will hold in the long term or if the modifications are incomplete. The key point is that all accessibility issues must be resolved in a lasting way, so people with disabilities won’t ever encounter the same barriers again.

What Factors Decide If a Case Is Moot?

When You Fix the Problem Matters

It’s much better to address accessibility issues before anyone files a lawsuit. If the problems no longer exist prior to litigation, there’s often no case in the first place. But if you wait until after someone sues, judges are more likely to scrutinize your fixes. They might allow the case to continue if they suspect the changes were rushed or not comprehensive.

Proof That the Fix Is Permanent

Courts want reassurance that the barriers won’t return. If your website is only partially fixed or if the fixes might break with the next update, the judge may not see the case as moot. To prove your commitment, demonstrate that your solutions are solid, tested, and built to last.

Ongoing Accessibility Efforts Matter

Judges look for signs you plan to remain accessible in the long run. A budget for accessibility, routine audits, and proper training show the court you’re taking this seriously. If you can prove you’re actively preventing new barriers, your argument to dismiss the lawsuit will be stronger.

Does Fixing Accessibility Issues Make the Lawsuit Go Away?

Short Answer: Not Always

It may seem logical that correcting your site’s accessibility issues would end the legal fight, but lawsuits can persist even after changes are made. Here’s why:
- Attorneys’ Fees and Costs: Plaintiffs often request attorney fees under federal law, which allows the prevailing party to recover these costs. Even if you fix the problem, the plaintiff might claim they deserve compensation for time and resources spent filing the lawsuit.
- Compliance Verification: The court or plaintiff may want proof that your website remains compliant long term. This can involve audits, monitoring, or reporting requirements.
- Bad Faith Litigation: Certain “serial litigants” file multiple lawsuits seeking quick settlements. Even after you fix the issues, these litigants could still pursue a settlement or legal fees.
When Could the Case Be Dismissed?

A court may dismiss a case if it’s truly moot, which typically requires showing a solid commitment to ongoing compliance. For instance, if you’ve:
- Hired an accessibility consultant to thoroughly audit your site.
- Corrected all the reported issues.
- Adopted a formal accessibility policy.
- Implemented regular testing and maintenance to keep your site accessible.
If you can persuade the court there’s virtually no chance the same accessibility barriers will return, the lawsuit might indeed be dismissed as moot. However, the burden is usually on you to prove you’ve made genuine, lasting efforts.

Why Proving Mootness Can Be Hard

Unlike a physical location, a website is constantly updated. New products, images, or code can introduce fresh accessibility hurdles if you’re not careful. Because websites are so fluid, it’s tough to prove that issues won’t resurface. Courts remain cautious about calling a case moot if they believe the next update could create the same barriers again.

The Business Bears the Burden of Proof

It’s up to the business to convince the court that the barriers won’t come back. If the court isn’t entirely convinced, the lawsuit can stay active. This creates challenges for many companies because ongoing accessibility requires constant attention. Even minor overlooked glitches can affect people with disabilities—and put you back on the legal radar.

Real Lawsuits: When Mootness Worked (and When It Didn’t)

Diaz v. Kroger

In Diaz v. Kroger, the lawsuit claimed Kroger’s website was inaccessible to individuals with disabilities. Kroger responded by upgrading the site to meet the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG), widely regarded as the leading standard for web accessibility. They also established clear policies to maintain compliance. Since Kroger provided convincing evidence that the issues were fixed and unlikely to return, the court dismissed the case as moot.

Haynes v. Hooters

In contrast, Haynes v. Hooters went differently. Hooters made some modifications to address accessibility but couldn’t show that the site was fully accessible. They also lacked a clear plan to keep it accessible going forward. Because the fixes were incomplete and the long-term strategy was unclear, the case was not found moot. Hooters remained in legal hot water, even after implementing certain improvements.

What Businesses Should Do to Avoid Lawsuits

Stay Ahead of the Game with Accessibility Audits

One of the most effective ways to avoid ADA lawsuits is by preventing barriers before they arise. Regular audits—for both your website and physical location—can help you catch accessibility issues early. These checks might cover screen reader compatibility, video captions, and easy navigation for keyboard-only users. Identifying these issues early lets you fix them before a lawsuit ever appears.

Develop an Accessibility Plan

A strong accessibility plan signals to courts (and customers) that you take the ADA seriously. This plan should include:
- Clear Accessibility Policies: Document your commitment to making your website and business accessible.
- A Real Budget for Improvements: Allocate funds for accessibility updates and necessary technology.
- Scheduled Audits and Training: Conduct regular reviews and train your team to maintain accessibility every day.
Document Everything

Keep thorough records of what you’ve corrected, when you did it, and how you’re preventing new accessibility issues. Detailed documentation can be invaluable in court if you need to prove your compliance efforts. It also streamlines your updates and helps you catch minor errors before they become major problems.

Team Up with 216digital to Stay ADA-Compliant

Catching accessibility barriers early is the best way to avoid costly legal disputes and ensure all users feel welcome on your site. It also helps you steer clear of lawsuits that might not vanish just because you made a few changes.

At 216digital, we understand how overwhelming it can be to keep pace with ADA regulations and website maintenance. That’s why we specialize in accessibility audits, risk mitigation, and compliance solutions. We believe in taking proactive steps so you’re not left scrambling after a lawsuit arrives.

Instead of waiting to see if your site might face an ADA lawsuit, schedule a free ADA briefing today to evaluate your site’s compliance. With the right measures, you can demonstrate to your customers—and the courts—that you’re genuinely committed to removing accessibility barriers and keeping your online presence open to all.

Catching accessibility issues early is the best way to stay out of legal trouble and create a welcoming experience for all your visitors. It also helps you avoid the stress and cost of a lawsuit that might not go away just because you made a few changes.

Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. If you have specific legal questions about your situation, consult with an attorney who specializes in ADA and accessibility matters.
Greg McNeil

February 21, 2025

Legal Compliance

Accessibility, ADA Compliance, ADA Lawsuit, ADA Lawsuits, Moot, Website Accessibility
WCAG Basics: “Change of Context” or “Change of Content”
Have you ever clicked on a text field and suddenly found yourself whisked away to a new page without warning? Or maybe you saw a form error message pop up out of nowhere, but your cursor stayed right where it was? These two situations hint at the difference between a “change of context” and a “change of content.”

If you’re trying to make your website accessible, it’s important to know which is which because the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) treat them very differently. In this post, we’ll explore both terms, share some real-life examples, and give you tips on how to keep your site friendly and easy to use. By the end, you’ll have a stronger grasp of WCAG best practices and the confidence to apply them to your site.

Why These Terms Matter

People who rely on screen readers or keyboard navigation often can’t see or skim an entire page at once. Sudden or unexpected changes—like being redirected to a new tab—can be disorienting for them. That’s why WCAG sets clear rules to help you avoid making people feel lost.

However, understanding “change of context” and “change of content” also helps with other accessibility concepts. For example, clarifying how your content updates ties right in with “Alternative for Time-based Media” or “Media Alternative for Text“—two other areas covered under WCAG. The more you know about these related topics, the better your site will serve all kinds of users.

“Change of Context” in Plain Terms

A “change of context” is a big shift in what a user sees or how they interact with the page. Under WCAG, it can include:
- Opening a new window or tab without telling the user.
- Moving the focus to another section of the page unexpectedly.
- Redesigning the layout in a way that confuses users.
For example, imagine you click into a text field, and suddenly, your screen shifts to another form altogether. That’s a huge jump! WCAG 3.2.1 (On Focus) says you shouldn’t trigger this kind of shift just because the user’s focus landed on an element. If the user ends up somewhere new, or a new window appears without their Input, you’re dealing with a “change of context.”

“Change of Content” in Action

Now, let’s say you click a menu button, and the menu expands without moving your cursor or launching a new page. That’s a “change of content.” You’re still in the same place—you can just see more information. This kind of change is usually okay as long as it doesn’t confuse or mislead.

WCAG makes the point that not every content update equals a context change. You can display a tooltip, expand a dropdown, or show an inline error message without violating rules. As an example, if you’re filtering products on an eCommerce site and the list of items refreshes while your focus stays put, you’re likely good to go. The user expects new content to appear, so it’s not disorienting.

When It Becomes an Accessibility Issue

Mixing up these concepts can cause problems for people who rely on assistive technologies. For instance, if your site changes context every time someone selects a checkbox, they might lose track of where they were. WCAG 3.2.2 (On Input) warns against automatically triggering a big context shift unless you clearly warn the user or let them choose when it happens.

At higher levels of WCAG (like AAA), 3.2.5 (Change on Request) says that major shifts should happen only when the user deliberately starts them—or they should be easy to dismiss. That means you can’t force a pop-up window to stay on screen with no way to close it. People need control over how they explore your site.

Status Messages and Alerts

Some sites show status messages—like “Item added to your cart”—that don’t move focus but do tell assistive tech users what’s happening. That’s allowed under WCAG 4.1.3 (Status Messages) because the screen reader can announce the alert without taking the user away from what they were doing.

Things get trickier when an alert moves focus to itself. Sometimes, that’s necessary (say, with a big error), and if the user’s action triggers it, it can still meet WCAG standards. But if your site automatically shifts focus to a timeout warning with no user action, that can become a disorienting change of context—especially at the AAA level of WCAG compliance.

Tips for Making It Work

Keep People Where They Are

Unless there’s a solid reason for moving focus or opening a new page, don’t do it. A small update to the same page is usually a “change of content,” which is less disruptive.

Give Users a Heads-Up

If you need to make a “change of context,” warn the user first. For example, say, “Selecting this option opens a new window.” This aligns with WCAG recommendations, especially 3.2.2.

Test with Assistive Tech

The best way to find out if your site is user-friendly is to try it with screen readers, keyboard-only navigation, or other assistive tools. You’ll quickly spot if something is shifting unexpectedly.

Use ARIA Properly

If you have alerts or status messages, use ARIA roles like role= “alert” or aria-live so screen readers can announce them without moving focus. This follows WCAG 4.1.3 guidelines for status updates.

Think About Your Audience

Some changes of context, like a security timeout, might be needed. Just remember to give the user control whenever possible.

Wrapping It Up

Understanding when something is a “change of context” rather than just a “change of content” is a big part of complying with WCAG. When you keep these definitions clear, you’ll avoid creating barriers that leave users confused and frustrated. It also ties back to important concepts like “Alternative for Time-based Media” and “Media Alternative for Text,” which help make websites more inclusive overall.

Remember, WCAG doesn’t just set rules—it helps us create better experiences for everyone. If you need extra guidance, 216digital is here to help. We can perform an Accessibility Audit to see where your site stands, offer advice on meeting WCAG success criteria like 3.2.1, 3.2.2, 3.2.5, and 4.1.3, and suggest ways to make your site easier for all.

Ready to get started? Schedule a consultation with 216digital today and make sure you’re on the path to a more inclusive, user-friendly website!
Greg McNeil

February 20, 2025

WCAG Compliance

Accessibility, WCAG, WCAG Compliance, WCAG conformance, Web Accessibility, Website Accessibility
AI-Driven Accessibility: Hype vs. Reality
AI is everywhere—powering self-driving cars, filtering spam emails, and even generating images out of thin air. Naturally, it has found its way into web accessibility, promising to make websites easier to navigate for people with disabilities.

At first glance, AI-driven accessibility seems like a game-changer. A tool that scans a website, detects issues, and applies fixes in real-time—no costly audits, no manual updates. The promise is enticing: instant compliance, a better user experience, and minimal effort. For businesses seeking a quick fix, it sounds like the perfect solution.

But is it really that simple, or is it just hype?

The Hype of AI-Driven Accessibility

AI accessibility solutions are marketed as a fast and effortless way to make websites compliant with accessibility laws and more user-friendly for people with disabilities. These tools use machine learning and automation to scan websites for accessibility issues, detect missing alt text, adjust contrast, and improve keyboard navigation. The idea is that AI can take the burden off businesses, making accessibility seamless and automatic.

Companies selling AI accessibility promise a range of benefits:
- Instant fixes for common accessibility issues like alt text, contrast adjustments, and heading structure corrections.
- Enhanced user experience, with real-time captions, AI-generated image descriptions, and improved navigation.
- Time and cost savings, reducing the need for expensive audits and manual accessibility updates.
Some AI tools even claim to predict user needs and adjust websites dynamically, removing barriers before they become a problem. The pitch is simple: AI makes accessibility compliance quick, cost-effective, and easy.

But can it actually deliver?

The Reality: Limitations and Challenges

AI-driven accessibility tools aren’t the magic solution they claim to be. In many cases, they fail to address deeper accessibility issues and even create new barriers. Here’s why:

1. AI-driven Accessibility is Superficial

While AI can generate alt text, it often provides vague or inaccurate descriptions. A picture of a service dog might be labeled as “dog” with no context, leaving a blind user without crucial details. Infographics and charts? AI struggles with those too, often giving meaningless labels instead of useful explanations.

Automated contrast adjustments and heading restructuring may technically meet compliance guidelines, but that doesn’t mean they work in real-world use. These fixes can break website layouts, confuse users, and sometimes even make navigation worse rather than better.

2. AI Can Introduce New Barriers

AI tools often interfere with how people with disabilities already navigate the web. Screen reader users, for example, may encounter misplaced labels, incorrect headings, or navigation menus that suddenly stop working. Some AI tools even override user settings, blocking assistive technology that people rely on.

Overlays—those AI-powered add-ons that promise “instant accessibility”—are particularly notorious for making things worse. Instead of removing barriers, they often add unnecessary complexity, frustrating users rather than helping them.

3. AI-driven Accessibility Misses Barriers

Studies show that AI can only detect 20-30% of accessibility barriers, meaning that websites relying solely on AI remain 70-80% inaccessible. Many critical accessibility issues require human judgment and testing—something AI simply cannot replicate.

At 216digital, we have seen a sharp rise in lawsuits targeting screen reader-related issues that AI fails to detect. These include missing ARIA labels, poor keyboard navigation, and dynamic elements that don’t update correctly for assistive technology users. Businesses that trust AI for compliance often realize too late that their sites remain inaccessible and legally vulnerable.

4. False Sense of Compliance

Many businesses assume that adding an AI overlay or accessibility widget makes their website compliant with the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). But compliance is about actual usability—not just ticking a box.

In 2024 alone, 1,023 companies using AI overlays were sued for accessibility violations according to Useablnet’s 2024 End of the Year Report. The reality is that these tools do not make a site fully accessible; they often only mask deeper issues. Lawsuits and regulatory actions continue to prove that true accessibility requires meaningful fixes, not just automated patches.

Case Studies and Real-World Examples

Many companies have learned the hard way that AI-driven accessibility doesn’t work.

1. The Failure of AI-driven Accessibility

One of the biggest offenders? accessiBe—an AI overlay that promises instant accessibility. Thousands of users with disabilities have reported that it makes websites harder to use, not easier. These overlays don’t fix the real problems; they just add a layer of automated code that interferes with assistive technology.

2. Frustrated Users Speak Out

A New York Times article, For Blind Internet Users, the Fix Can Be Worse Than the Flaws, highlighted how AI-driven overlays create more frustration than solutions. Blind advocate Mr. Perdue put it plainly: “I’ve not yet found a single one that makes my life better. I spend more time working around these overlays than I actually do navigating the website.”

This isn’t just one person’s experience—over 862 accessibility advocates and developers have signed an open letter urging businesses to stop using these flawed AI solutions. Even the National Federation of the Blind has condemned AI-driven accessibility tools, calling them inadequate and ineffective.

3. The Legal Consequences

If the ethical concerns don’t scare businesses away, the lawsuits should. In 2024 alone, 1,023 companies were sued for relying on AI-driven overlays instead of making genuine accessibility improvements.

Recently, major compliance agreements have begun explicitly stating that AI-driven overlays do not meet accessibility standards. Companies using tools like AudioEye, accessiBe, and Accessibility Spark are at higher risk of lawsuits than those making real accessibility changes.

The Necessity of Human Oversight

If AI isn’t the solution, what is? People.

1. Accessibility Experts Know What AI Doesn’t

Human experts understand accessibility in a way AI never will. They know how people actually use websites, what works, and what doesn’t. They can ensure websites are genuinely accessible—not just compliant on paper.

2. AI and Humans Can Work Together

AI isn’t completely useless, but it needs to be used as a tool, not a crutch. Real people need to review, test, and implement fixes.

3. Accessibility is an Ongoing Process

Web accessibility isn’t something you fix once and forget. It requires regular monitoring and updates. That’s where a11y.Radar from 216digital comes in—it provides continuous accessibility monitoring to keep websites truly usable for everyone.

The Future of AI-driven Accessibility

AI is improving, but it’s nowhere near ready to handle accessibility on its own. Moving forward, we need:
- Better AI training that includes input from people with disabilities.
- Stronger regulations to ensure AI tools don’t create new barriers.
- More user involvement so that AI tools are built with real-world accessibility needs in mind.
Conclusion

AI-driven accessibility tools might sound appealing, but they’re not the answer. Automated solutions—especially overlays—often create more problems than they solve. If businesses truly care about accessibility, they need to invest in real solutions that actually work.

The bottom line? AI can assist, but human expertise is irreplaceable.

Want accessibility done right? Schedule an ADA briefing with 216digital today and get a roadmap to real, lasting accessibility.
Greg McNeil

February 19, 2025

WCAG Compliance

Accessibility, Ai and Overlay Widgets, AI-driven accessibility, Overlay, Website Accessibility
ADA Lawyer vs. Business Attorney: What’s the Difference?
Have you ever tried to use a website that felt impossible to read or navigate? People with disabilities often face these problems every day. That’s why ADA compliance is so important for businesses that run websites or mobile apps. More and more people are taking legal action when sites are not accessible. As these lawsuits rise, it’s vital to understand your legal duty to make your website accessible.

In many of these cases, an ADA lawyer steps in to help. An ADA lawyer is a legal professional who knows all about ADA compliance and how to fix accessibility issues in digital spaces. You may not always need to hire a lawyer, but there are certain times when having one is crucial. This article will explain when you might need an ADA lawyer, along with simple steps to help your site stay accessible and avoid legal trouble.

The Americans with Disabilities Act: An Overview

The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) became law in 1990. Its main goal is to remove barriers that prevent people with disabilities from fully taking part in everyday life.

Title III is most important for websites because the Department of Justice (DOJ) says that websites and mobile apps count as “public accommodations.” This means your business must keep its website accessible to avoid breaking the law. Following ADA compliance here is not just a nice thing to do—it’s legally required.

The Risks of Non-Compliance

Not meeting ADA compliance can have serious legal and financial effects on your business. Lawsuits related to digital accessibility have been on the rise, hitting industries like retail, hospitality, healthcare, and finance particularly hard. High-profile cases against Domino’s Pizza and Winn-Dixie have shown just how important it is to make websites accessible.

If your website is found non-compliant, you could face some serious consequences such as:

Costly Settlements & Legal Fees

Fighting an ADA lawsuit can cost tens of thousands of dollars, including lawyer fees and settlement payouts.

Civil Penalties

The DOJ can impose civil penalties, with a first violation costing up to $75,000 and a second offense up to $150,000.

Harm to Brand Reputation

When a business is sued for not following ADA compliance, it can hurt the company’s public image, leading to lost customers and lower trust.

Mandatory Remediation

Businesses found in violation may even be forced to complete mandatory remediation under court supervision, which usually costs far more than if they had taken a proactive approach in the first place.

When Do You Need an ADA Lawyer?

While proactive accessibility efforts are ideal, there are key scenarios where consulting a lawyer is necessary:

Receiving a Demand Letter or Lawsuit

If your company gets a demand letter or is sued, call an ADA lawyer right away. They can look at the claims, figure out if they’re valid, and help you respond in the best way. This helps lower your chances of major financial losses.

Navigating ADA Compliance Standards

Sometimes, you need help understanding what laws apply to your business. An ADA lawyer can explain the rules for ADA compliance and help you set up a plan to meet them. They’ll also show you how to keep your policies in line with these rules over time.

Reviewing Accessibility Policies and Practices

If you want to be proactive, an ADA lawyer can review your current policies and make sure they fit with the ADA. They’ll also help you come up with new policies and train your team to follow them.

What Is an ADA Lawyer?

An ADA lawyer is someone who knows the ins and outs of the ADA, focusing on website accessibility and preventing digital discrimination. They can represent businesses of all sizes, from small startups to large corporations. Their main job is to make sure ADA compliance is met under Titles II and III of the ADA. They also help defend companies in lawsuits or demand-letter situations, guiding them through complex legal rules and standards.

How is an ADA Lawyer Different from Your Current Attorney?

Your business attorney might be great at handling contracts and company policies, but ADA compliance is a different challenge. Accessibility laws are complex, and digital accessibility cases are increasing. A general business attorney may not have the in-depth knowledge needed to navigate ADA lawsuits, negotiate with the Department of Justice, or ensure your website meets Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG). Without the right legal expertise, your business could be at risk.

ADA lawyers specialize in these cases. They understand the law, know what regulators look for, and can create a strong defense if a lawsuit happens. More importantly, they help businesses proactively fix accessibility issues, reducing legal exposure and ensuring compliance. With the right legal strategy, you can protect your business while building a more inclusive digital experience for all users.

What to Look for When Hiring an ADA Lawyer

Proven Experience in ADA and Digital Accessibility Cases

Not all lawyers are well-versed in digital accessibility. Look for an attorney with a strong background in ADA litigation and experience advising businesses on accessibility compliance. Ask about past cases and successful resolutions.

Deep Knowledge of WCAG and Accessibility Standards

ADA compliance for websites and digital platforms is tied to WCAG standards. Your attorney should understand these guidelines and how they apply to your business—ensuring you meet legal requirements and avoid accessibility gaps.

Strong Reputation and Reliable Referrals

Word of mouth matters. Seek recommendations from other businesses, industry professionals, or accessibility experts. Research case outcomes and client testimonials to find a lawyer with a strong track record.

A Proactive, Compliance-First Approach

Some attorneys only step in when a lawsuit is filed. The best ADA lawyers help businesses stay ahead of legal risks by identifying accessibility issues early and working with developers and accessibility consultants to resolve them.

Clear, Upfront Pricing

ADA compliance shouldn’t come with hidden fees or surprise legal costs. Choose a lawyer who is transparent about their pricing structure and offers a cost-effective balance between compliance guidance and legal defense.

Proactive Steps to Avoid Legal Issues

Rather than waiting for a legal dispute, businesses should take proactive steps to improve accessibility and reduce legal risks:
1. Understand Web Accessibility Guidelines: WCAG sets standards that make web content more accessible. Familiarize yourself with these guidelines to determine what you need to do. They cover aspects like text readability, alternative text for images, and keyboard navigation.
2. Conduct a Website Audit: Regularly audit your website for accessibility issues. There are tools available online that can help you identify problems, such as missing alt text for images or issues with color contrast. Consulting with a specialist firm like 216digital to conduct a thorough audit can also be a wise investment.
3. Implement Ongoing Training: Train your staff, especially those involved in website management and content creation, about web accessibility. This helps create a culture of inclusivity and ensures that accessibility remains a priority.
4. Stay Informed and Up-to-Date: Web accessibility standards and best practices can evolve over time. Stay informed about any changes and make updates to your website as necessary to remain compliant.
5. Ongoing Monitoring: Compliance is not a one-time task with 216digital’s a11y.Radar service provides ongoing monitoring of your website or app to detect any new accessibility issues that may arise over time. This proactive approach helps prevent potential violations before they lead to costly lawsuits.
Conclusion

Staying on top of ADA compliance isn’t just about avoiding lawsuits. It’s about making sure everyone can enjoy your digital spaces. While it may seem overwhelming at first, you don’t have to face it alone.

216digital specializes in web accessibility solutions that meet legal standards while giving all visitors a better user experience. Don’t wait until you get a demand letter—take charge of your website’s accessibility right now.

Start Your Journey Toward Accessibility Today

Use the contact form below to schedule a briefing with 216digital. Our team will help you spot risks, make improvements, and ensure ADA compliance in the long run. By acting now, you can stay safe from legal trouble and welcome all users with an inclusive digital experience.
Greg McNeil

February 18, 2025

Legal Compliance

accessibility laws, ADA Compliance, ADA Lawsuit, ADA Lawyer, Web Accessibility
ADA-Compliance Fines: How Much Will You Pay?
Have you ever tried to use a website that was confusing, cramped, or just plain hard to read? Now imagine how much more frustrating it could be if you were relying on a screen reader or keyboard navigation because of a disability. That’s where ADA-compliance comes in. It’s about making sure everyone—regardless of ability—can enjoy and use your website.

If your site isn’t ADA-compliant, you could be responsible for major fines. These penalties can reach tens of thousands of dollars and climb even higher for repeat violations. Besides the financial hit, failing to comply can scare away customers, invite negative press, and harm your brand. It’s not a pretty picture.

Below, you’ll find a guide that combines vital insights about ADA-compliance: what it is, who needs to follow it, how fines are calculated, and how to avoid common slipups. Let’s jump in.

The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)

The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) was signed into law in 1990 to ensure that people with disabilities are treated fairly in various aspects of life. It was originally applied to physical spaces, such as offices, restaurants, and other public venues. However, as online services and websites became central to daily life, courts began to include the digital space under ADA regulations.

Who Needs to Follow ADA-Compliance?

If your website or digital tool is offered to the public, you likely need to comply with the ADA. This includes large retailers, small businesses, nonprofits, government sites, and e-commerce stores with no physical location. Courts often view websites and apps as “public accommodations,” meaning they must be as open to everyone online as a physical store or library is in person.

Even if you do have a storefront, you might be surprised to learn that ADA-compliance still matters. As long as people can visit your digital space, you have a legal duty to make it accessible to those with disabilities.

ADA Compliance Fines and Penalties

The ADA has five main sections, or “titles”:
1. Title I: Employment – Overseen by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC).
2. Title II: Public Services – Managed by the Department of Justice (DOJ).
3. Title III: Public Accommodations – Also enforced by the DOJ.
4. Title IV: Telecommunications – Governed by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC).
5. Title V: Miscellaneous Provisions – Covers other ADA rules and details.
Both government agencies and private individuals can bring a lawsuit. If the DOJ believes your violation is especially serious, it might launch an investigation, require you to pay fines, and order you to fix your site. Individuals who face barriers can also sue you for blocking their access.

Fines for Non-Compliance

If you’re found guilty of violating ADA-compliance, the penalties can be steep:
- First-Time Violations: Penalties can range from a few thousand dollars up to $75,000.
- Repeat Violations: If an organization violates the ADA again, the fines can rise to $150,000 or more.
- Legal Fees: You may also have to cover legal costs for both your own business and the person who filed the complaint.
Fines can grow even higher if the problem persists. Business owners sometimes face ongoing penalties until they fix the issues. This can take a heavy toll on smaller companies that do not have large budgets. Apart from financial damage, there is also the risk of negative press. A major lawsuit can harm your brand and push potential customers away.

Common ADA Violations

Many people do not realize their websites have barriers for users with disabilities. The following are some of the most frequent problems:
1. Lack of Alt Text for Images: Screen readers rely on alt text to describe images. Without it, a person with a vision impairment might not know what the image shows.
2. Videos Without Captions: People who are deaf or hard of hearing need captions to understand the audio. Captions also help users who cannot listen to sound at a given moment.
3. Poor Color Contrast: Text that blends into the background is difficult to read. High contrast between text and background helps everyone.
4. Missing Labels on Forms: Online forms should have clear labels for each field. Labels guide screen readers and offer clarity to all users.
5. Keyboard Navigation Problems: Some users cannot navigate a website with a mouse. They rely on the keyboard instead. If your site has items that cannot be accessed by tabbing or arrow keys, it may cause trouble.
Lawsuits and Legal Actions

Government-Initiated ADA Lawsuits

If the Department of Justice sees your company as a major offender, it might file a lawsuit. This can lead to large fines, mandatory site changes, and ongoing monitoring. Past cases, like H&R Block and Peapod, show the DOJ doesn’t hesitate to step in when businesses ignore ADA-compliance.

Private ADA Lawsuits

Users who encounter barriers on your site can also file a suit. In states such as California, the Unruh Civil Rights Act sets a $4,000 penalty for each violation, while in New York, the Human Rights and Civil Rights Acts allow for legal action. These laws often motivate people to bring cases in states where they see better chances of winning.

Costs Beyond Fines
- Legal Fees: Defending a lawsuit can rack up thousands in attorney fees.
- Settlements: Many businesses settle out of court, which still means paying money and fixing the accessibility issues.
- Reputation Hits: Negative headlines can scare off customers and partners alike.
Practical Tips to Stay ADA-Compliant

Knowing what the common problems are is a good start. Here are practical steps to fix them:
1. Follow WCAG Standards: Aim for at least Level AA of the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.2.
2. Run Accessibility Audits: Regularly audit your website for accessibility issues. There are tools available online that can help you identify problems, such as missing alt text for images or issues with color contrast. Consulting with a specialist firm like 216digital to conduct a thorough audit can also be a wise investment.
3. Train Your Team: Train your staff, especially those involved in website management and content creation, about the basics of ADA-compliance.
4. Gather User Feedback: People with disabilities can test your site and point out areas that need work.
5. Stay Informed and Up-to-Date: Web accessibility standards and best practices can evolve over time. Stay informed about any changes and make updates to your website as necessary to remain compliant.
Conclusion: Start Your ADA-Compliance Journey Now

ADA-compliance isn’t just about avoiding fines or lawsuits—it’s about building a more inclusive online world. By making your site accessible, you allow people from all backgrounds and abilities to connect with your brand. This fosters loyalty, trust, and a sense of community among your visitors. Yes, ignoring ADA-compliance can lead to huge fines and serious legal trouble, but it also means losing out on customers who might truly need your services.

Don’t wait for a lawsuit or a complaint letter before you act. Every day that passes is another chance for your website to be more welcoming and user-friendly. If you’re unsure about where to start or need a partner to guide you, we’re here to help.

Schedule a briefing with 216digital using the contact form below to talk about your website’s accessibility needs. Our dedicated team will walk you through each step, from identifying problem areas to crafting a clear plan for full ADA-compliance. With the right support, you’ll not only protect your business—you’ll create a digital space that people can appreciate, trust, and enjoy.
Greg McNeil

February 17, 2025

Legal Compliance

accessibility laws, ADA Compliance, ADA Lawsuits, Web Accessibility
6 Ways to Improve Icon Accessibility in Web Design
Icons are everywhere in web design—on navigation menus, buttons, and even instructional graphics. They help users navigate, take action, and understand content at a glance. But just because an icon looks great doesn’t mean it’s effective for everyone. When it comes to creating inclusive websites, icon accessibility is crucial. If an icon is confusing or too small, it can frustrate users, create barriers, and even cost you traffic or conversions. That’s why accessibility and usability should be top priorities.

In this article, we’ll explore six actionable ways to improve icon design so that your icons are clear, usable, and accessible to all users, including those with disabilities. Whether you’re a website owner, content creator, or web developer, these tips will help ensure your icons work well for everyone, including people with visual, motor, or cognitive impairments.

1. Make Your Icons Easy to See

Contrast Matters

When designing icons, it’s significant that they stand out from the background rather than blend in. The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) recommend a contrast ratio of at least 4.5:1 for text and images of text. Icons, especially those carrying critical information, should meet or exceed this contrast standard.

Why It’s Important

Low-contrast icons can be almost invisible to users with vision impairments, complicating navigating or completing tasks on your site.

How To Do It

Tools like the WebAIM Contrast Checker can help you confirm that your color choices meet accessibility guidelines. If your background is light, ensure your icons are noticeably darker, and vice versa.

Size Counts

Just as crucial as contrast is icon size. Small icons can be a nightmare for users with poor vision or those who rely on assistive technology like screen magnifiers. They can also pose a challenge for people with motor disabilities who struggle to tap or click small icons accurately.

Recommended size

Aim for an icon touch target of at least 44×44 pixels. This size gives enough space for a user’s finger or cursor to select the icon without accidentally triggering something else.

Common pitfalls

Anything smaller than 24×24 pixels is typically too small to be easily clicked or tapped. If you’re designing for mobile, remember that users’ fingers are bigger than a precise mouse pointer.

2. Always Pair Icons with Text

Relying solely on icons can create confusion, especially if your visitors aren’t familiar with certain symbols. A perfect example is the infamous “hamburger menu.” While common in modern design, not everyone recognizes what the three stacked lines represent. By adding a text label, you remove any guesswork.

Why It’s Important

Text labels make icons understandable for users who might not recognize specific symbols. They also provide additional context for screen readers, who may not interpret icons alone correctly.
- Bad example: A search button that shows only a magnifying glass icon.
- Good example: Pair the magnifying glass icon with the word “Search.” This ensures clarity for everyone.
Including text labels is a simple but effective step toward better icon accessibility and can drastically improve user experience.

3. Use Clear, Functional Alt Text

Alt text (alternative text) plays a vital role in accessibility. It’s a description that screen readers read aloud for users who can’t see the images on a page. Regarding icons, the alt text should describe the icon’s function rather than its appearance.
- Examples: Bad: alt= “Icon of a house”
- Good: alt= “Go to homepage”
If the icon is purely decorative and conveys no essential information, mark it as aria-hidden= "true" or use an empty alt="" to keep screen readers from reading irrelevant content.

Use Proper Coding Techniques

Depending on the format of your icon, there are slightly different approaches to ensure screen readers interpret them correctly:
1. <img> elements → Use the alt attribute, like alt=”Search button”.
2. SVG icons → Provide a <title> tag within the SVG file or inline code.
3. Icon fonts → Sometimes, screen readers treat icon fonts as text characters. Use aria-hidden= "true" for the icon itself, and include hidden text (e.g., <span class= "visually-hidden">Search</span>) for accessibility.
This attention to detail ensures that people using screen readers will know the icon’s function without having to interpret a cryptic or generic description.

4. Be Consistent with Icons

Consistency is key in web design, especially regarding icon accessibility. Each icon should have a clear meaning across your entire website or app.

Why It’s Important

If you use a magnifying glass icon to indicate “Search” in one area of your site, using the same symbol for “Zoom” somewhere else can confuse users. A confused user is more likely to leave your site or miss important content.

Avoid Multiple Meanings

Don’t use one icon to represent more than one function. This can break user trust and make them second-guess every click.

By keeping your icons consistent, you help users develop familiarity with the symbols on your site. Reducing the cognitive load for everyone, including users with disabilities who rely on screen readers or keyboard navigation.

5. Make Icons Keyboard & Assistive Tech Friendly

Some users cannot use a mouse or touchpad and rely solely on their keyboard. Others use assistive technology like screen readers or voice control. Ensuring your icons work with these tools is essential for accessibility.

Keyboard Navigation

Every interactive icon should be reachable and operable using only a keyboard. Users should be able to tab to an icon and activate it with the Enter or Spacebar keys.
- Tips: Use logical tab ordering in your HTML to ensure icons follow a coherent navigation sequence.
- Ensure focus styles are visible (e.g., a visible outline or highlight around the icon when selected).
Screen Reader Support

Icons can easily confuse screen reader users if not labeled correctly. This is where ARIA labels or hidden text come into play. For instance, if an icon triggers a search action, you could include an ARIA label such as aria-label= "Search" on the button element, or you can nest a visually hidden <span> that says “Search.”

Why It Matters

Without ARIA labels or hidden text, a screen reader might read the icon as a “button” or, worse, give no information.

How To Do It
```
<button aria-label="Search">
  <svg aria-hidden="true"> ... </svg>
  <span class="visually-hidden">Search</span>
</button>
```
Ensure keyboard and screen reader users have the proper context to interact with your icon.

6. Choose the Right Icon Format

Icons can be added to a webpage in several ways, but SVG and PNG are two of the most popular image formats. Alternatively, some designers opt for icon fonts. Each has its pros and cons when considering icon accessibility.

SVG & PNG Are Your Friends

SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics)
- Pros: These files are resolution-independent, meaning they scale well to any size without losing quality. They can also be easily styled with CSS and annotated with titles or labels for accessibility.
- Cons: If you’re unfamiliar with SVG syntax, the setup process can be more involved.
PNG (Portable Network Graphics)
- Pros: Excellent for icons that don’t need to scale up drastically. PNGs offer high-quality images with transparency.
- Cons: They’re not always the best for large or small displays, as they can become pixelated or blurry when scaled.
Beware of Icon Fonts

Icon fonts replace letters with symbols, so the text “A” might visually display as a house icon. While this can be convenient, it can create issues for screen readers who might read the text as a letter rather than a graphic. If you use icon fonts:
- ARIA: Add aria-hidden= "true" to ensure the screen reader ignores the font.
- Hidden text: Include a visually hidden <span> with the function of the icon, such as “Home” or “Search.”
By choosing the right format, you help ensure users can see or interact with the icon regardless of their device or abilities.

Team Up with 216digital for Better Accessibility

Mastering icon accessibility is more than just following guidelines; it’s about providing an inclusive experience for everyone who visits your website. Clear, intuitive icons can significantly improve your site’s usability, particularly for users who rely on assistive technologies.

If you’re unsure where to begin or want to ensure accessibility experts handle every detail, consider partnering with 216digital. Our team has extensive experience creating accessible, user-friendly websites that work seamlessly across different devices and for people of all abilities. We’ll help you fine-tune every aspect of your icons, from contrast ratios and alt text to keyboard navigation and consistent design.

Ready to level up your website’s accessibility? Contact us for a quick briefing and see how we can help strengthen your site’s icon design. Together, we can create a web experience that welcomes everyone, reflecting your brand values and maximizing your reach in a diverse online world.
Greg McNeil

February 14, 2025

How-to Guides

Accessibility, How-to, Icon Accessibility, web developers, web development, Website Accessibility
How Automated Scans Help (and Fail) Accessibility
Have you ever clicked on a website and immediately gotten lost because nothing seemed to work the way you expected? Maybe you couldn’t find the right button, or the page layout was all over the place. Now imagine facing those same frustrations but with the added challenge of a visual, auditory, or motor disability. Navigating the web shouldn’t feel like an obstacle course—it should be intuitive and inclusive for everyone.

If you’re a website owner or business owner in the United States, you might already know that accessibility is becoming more than just a nice-to-have. It’s a key part of good customer service, protects you from legal risks, and, quite simply, it’s the right thing to do. But where do you start?

One of the first steps many people take is running automated scans.

These scans promise a quick way to spot accessibility issues on your site. Yet, while they can be extremely helpful, they’re far from perfect. In this article, we’ll explore the ups and downs of automated scans—what they can do, where they fail, and how to blend them into a solid strategy that also includes manual testing and expert help.

What Are Automated Accessibility Scans?

Automated scans are software tools that crawl through your website’s code, looking for red flags based on standards like the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG)). Think of these tools like the spellcheck in your word processor: they can spot a lot of mistakes, but they can’t always tell you if you’re using the right words in the right context.

What Do Automated Scans Detect?

Plenty of free and paid tools exist. Some are browser extensions (like WAVE or Google’s Lighthouse), while others are built-in services that run regular checks on your website. They’re great at picking up on common coding issues such as:
- Missing or poorly written alternative text on images
- Low color contrast between text and background
- Improper heading levels (skipping from an H1 to an H3 without an H2, for example)
- Misapplied ARIA attributes
- Certain missing form labels
If your site has glaring accessibility mistakes, automated scans can flag those quickly. They’ll often give you a handy list of what’s wrong, along with references to WCAG guidelines or best practices on how to fix each issue. That’s a huge benefit if you’re new to accessibility and need a push in the right direction.

How Automated Scans Can Help You

Let’s look at some of the biggest advantages of automated scans—and how they fit into your overall web development workflow.

Speed and Efficiency

Manual reviews take time, especially for large websites. An automated tool, on the other hand, can process hundreds or even thousands of pages in a shorter timeframe. This is especially handy if you regularly add or change content.

Spotting the “No-Brainers”

Many accessibility issues are straightforward coding mistakes—like forgetting to add “alt” text to images. Automated scanners are perfect for picking up on these. They’re quick, consistent, and thorough in locating these common errors.

Routine Monitoring

Some automated scan tools offer scheduled checks, which is terrific for ongoing maintenance. You can set them to run weekly or monthly scans and then get alerts if something new pops up, letting you address problems before they spiral.

Raising Awareness

For those brand-new to digital accessibility, automated tools can serve as a mini crash course. They highlight rules like ensuring sufficient color contrast or labeling form fields properly, helping you learn accessibility basics as you go.

Ease of Use

Many automated scanners come with user-friendly dashboards or plugins. You don’t have to be a coding genius to interpret most of the results. Often, the tool itself provides guidance on how to fix whatever it finds.

The Real-World Limitations of Automated Scans

As powerful as they are, automated scans also have notable blind spots (no pun intended). If you rely solely on these tools, you could end up with a site that technically passes certain checks but still feels like a maze for users with disabilities.

Lack of Context

A scanner can confirm if there’s alt text on an image, but it can’t determine if that text is accurate or helpful. An automated report might be happy to see you labeled your button as “Button,” but that label doesn’t tell a user what the button actually does.

Missing Nuances

Some accessibility aspects aren’t purely code-based; they’re about user experience and clarity. For example, is your site’s language too complicated for people with cognitive disabilities? Or is the layout tricky for those navigating with a screen reader? Automated tools struggle with these questions because they can’t judge user-friendliness the same way a person can.

False Flags

It’s common to get false positives (where the tool flags a problem that might not actually be a problem) or false negatives (where the tool fails to spot a genuine issue). This can lead you down the wrong path or lull you into thinking your site is perfectly fine when it’s not.

Limited Scenarios

Accessibility is more than code. What happens when someone uses only a keyboard to navigate your site? Or how does your site work for someone who relies on voice commands or a screen reader? Automated scans can’t replicate all these scenarios.

Overconfidence and the Need for Manual Testing

Automated tools can create a false sense of security. Just because a scanner says you’re 90% accessible doesn’t mean your site is truly welcoming for all. This is where manual testing comes in.

Beyond the Scan: Why Manual Testing Still Rules

Manual testing is where you or a tester interacts with your site in a more human way. Yes, it’s more time-intensive, but it’s also where you’ll uncover issues an automated tool can’t detect.

Keyboard-Only Navigation

One of the most fundamental manual tests is trying to tab through your site without using a mouse. If you can’t reach a menu item or submit a form using only the keyboard, that’s a major red flag.

Screen Reader Assessments

Automated scans might say you have alt text in all the right places, but only a real screen reader test will tell you if that text makes sense in context. Does it describe important images properly? Does the reading order make sense, or does it jump around the page?

Real Users, Real Feedback

Inviting people with various disabilities to use your site can reveal issues you never even knew existed. Maybe certain wording is confusing, or a CAPTCHA system is impossible to complete using assistive technology. Nothing beats firsthand feedback.

Manual testing fills the gaps that scanners leave behind, ensuring your site isn’t just “passing a test” but actually creating a positive experience. While it can require more resources (time and possibly hiring outside help), the results are worth it.

Keeping Accessibility an Ongoing Priority

Accessibility isn’t something you do once and forget about. Think of your website as a living, breathing entity: you add content, tweak layouts, and launch new features over time. Each change could introduce fresh accessibility challenges.

So, how exactly do automated scans fit into a more complete approach to accessibility?

Putting It All Together: A Holistic Accessibility Game Plan
1. Start with an Automated Scan – Run a scan and fix low-hanging fruit, such as missing alt text and color contrast problems.
2. Add Manual Checks – Navigate your site using only a keyboard and a screen reader. Identify areas that feel confusing or broken.
3. Get Professional Input – If your site is critical to your business, hire an accessibility specialist for a thorough audit.
4. Keep It Going – Schedule periodic scans, manual audits, and staff training. Accessibility should be part of your workflow.
5. Stay Informed – Follow updates to WCAG and relevant U.S. laws, and continue learning from accessibility experts.
The Best of Both Worlds: Automated and Manual Testing

Achieving true web accessibility requires more than just running a quick scan—it demands a balanced approach that combines the speed of automation with the insight of manual testing. Automated tools can help identify glaring issues, but only real human interaction can ensure a seamless experience for all users. By integrating both strategies, you’re not just checking a compliance box—you’re creating a more inclusive, user-friendly web presence that benefits everyone.

Start your journey toward full web accessibility today—reach out to 216digital using the form below! Our team of accessibility experts is ready to assess your site and provide tailored solutions to ensure that all visitors can easily access your content. Don’t let accessibility remain an afterthought—take the first step towards a more inclusive online presence now.
Greg McNeil

February 13, 2025

Testing & Remediation

Accessibility Audit, Accessibility testing, automated testing, manual audit, Manual Testing, Web Accessibility
Creating Accessible Data for Charts and Graphs
Data drives decisions. A clear and easy-to-understand chart can speak volumes whether you’re showing sales figures, survey results, or scientific findings. However, not everyone interprets visual elements the same way. People with low vision, color blindness, or who rely on screen readers may face serious barriers if your charts aren’t designed with accessibility in mind.

Beyond inclusivity, legal standards exist like the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG). In this post, we’ll explore why accessible data visualizations matter, review common accessibility mistakes, and share practical techniques you can use to ensure that all visitors can understand your charts and graphs.

Designing for Visual Accessibility

Color Contrast in Charts and Visualizations

Color contrast plays a crucial role in readability, especially for users with visual impairments. According to WCAG SC 1.4.3: Contrast (Minimum, the standard text should have a contrast ratio of at least 4.5:1, while large text (18pt or 14pt bold) requires a minimum of 3:1. These guidelines also apply to key chart elements, including labels, axes, and text within visualizations, ensuring that information remains clear and accessible to all users.

To check your color choices, use tools like WebAIM’s Contrast Checker or Chrome DevTools’ built-in accessibility features. If your text lacks sufficient contrast, consider adjusting to darker text on lighter backgrounds or using bolder, larger fonts. Prioritizing accessible data in your visualizations not only enhances clarity but also improves the user experience for a wider audience.

Avoiding Color-Only Differentiation

When a chart relies on color alone to show differences in categories—like red for “loss” and green for “gain”—users with color blindness might not be able to tell them apart. WCAG SC 1.4.1 (Use of Color) emphasizes that color can’t be the only method used to communicate information.

To fix this, you can:
- Use patterns or textures in bar charts or pie slices.
- Add direct labels or annotations next to the data points.
- Include icons or distinct shapes to differentiate data series.
Scalability and Zoom Support

Many people need to zoom in to read small text or fine details. According to WCAG SC 1.4.4(Resize Text), users should be able to zoom up to 200% without losing content or functionality. Test how your charts scale on both desktop and mobile screens. This may involve using scalable vector graphics (SVG) or ensuring your chart library supports responsive resizing.

Providing Text Alternatives and Descriptive Labeling

Alt Text for Simple Charts

For simpler charts—like a basic bar chart comparing two or three items—brief alt text can be enough. This alt text should include the following:
- The overall trend or purpose of the chart (e.g., “A bar chart comparing monthly sales in January and February…”).
- Key numbers or comparisons (if they’re crucial to understanding the data).
Avoid including every detail if it’s not necessary. Alt text is meant to be concise yet informative.

Breaking Down Complex Data with Text Summaries

If your chart is more detailed—perhaps showing multiple data series or a longer timeline—alt text alone won’t cover it. In that case, it’s better to provide a text summary that covers the main insights:
- Describe what the chart is measuring (“Average temperature trends across five cities…”).
- Highlight any interesting data points or outliers (“City A had a significantly higher temperature in July…”).
- Provide overall conclusions that help readers understand key takeaways.
Using ARIA for More Detailed Descriptions

If a simple alt text or summary doesn’t do your data justice, you can use aria-describedby to link your chart to a more extended description elsewhere on the page. This approach ensures screen reader users have access to more in-depth data without crowding the main alt text.

When writing these extended descriptions:
- Keep your text organized with headings or bullet points.
- Clearly label each section so users know what information they’re accessing.
- Make sure screen readers can announce the description properly by placing it in a logical spot on the page or using hidden text if necessary.
Structuring Data Tables for Screen Readers

Another highly accessible way to present data is through tables. If you can’t convey the full meaning of a chart in alt text, consider adding a well-structured HTML table. Be sure to:
- Use <th> elements for headers.
- Include a <caption> that describes the table’s purpose.
- Provide a summary if the table is complex.
For example:
```
<table>
  <caption>Monthly Sales for Q1</caption>
  <thead>
    <tr>
      <th scope="col">Month</th>
      <th scope="col">Sales ($)</th>
    </tr>
  </thead>
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <th scope="row">January</th>
      <td>10,000</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th scope="row">February</th>
      <td>12,000</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th scope="row">March</th>
      <td>9,500</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>
```
Well-coded tables help screen readers identify the rows, columns, and header relationships.

Making Interactive Charts and Graphs Accessible

Keyboard Navigation and Focus Management

If your chart is interactive—allowing filters, tooltips, or zoom functions—it’s crucial that all features are accessible by keyboard alone. This means:
- Users should be able to tab through each interactive element.
- The focus order should make sense, moving in a logical sequence.
- Dropdowns, sliders, or filters must also be operable without a mouse.
By implementing these best practices, you can guarantee accessible data interactions for all users, including those who rely on keyboard navigation.

Ensuring Tooltips and Popups are Accessible

A big challenge is making sure that tooltips triggered by hovering can also be triggered by keyboard actions, like pressing the Enter or Space keys. Also, make sure each tooltip has an accessible name and description so screen readers can announce it properly. WAI-ARIA attributes like role= "tooltip" and aria-hidden= "false" (when the tooltip is visible) can help.

Using Semantic HTML and ARIA Roles

Use semantic HTML elements like <svg> for vector graphics where possible. If you’re using <canvas> or more complex libraries, add proper ARIA roles and states so screen readers know how to interpret them. Clear focus indicators are also important so users can see where they are when tabbing through interactive features.

Choosing Static vs. Interactive Charts

Interactive charts can be powerful, but they’re not always the best choice for every audience. Sometimes, a well-labeled static chart is more accessible data and easier to understand. If you have users who need data quickly and without extra steps, offering both a static image and an interactive version can meet multiple needs.

Selecting and Adapting Chart Types for Accessibility

Accessible Bar Charts

Bar charts are among the easiest to make accessible, as long as you:
- Clearly label each bar.
- Use more than color to differentiate bars—consider patterns or direct labeling.
- Provide a descriptive axis label so users know what each bar represents.
Accessible Line Graphs

Line graphs can be tricky for those with low vision. To improve accessibility:
- Use different line styles (solid, dashed, dotted) to distinguish multiple data sets.
- Add shape markers at each data point so color-blind users can still tell them apart.
- Make sure your axes and legends are clear, with sufficient contrast.
Accessible Pie Charts

Pie charts can be confusing when there are too many slices. Limit your chart to a small number of slices and label each piece directly. Also, add patterns or textures if you use color coding. If your data is too complex, think about using a different format, like a table or bar chart.

Handling Complex Data Visualizations

If your data is large or contains many variables, consider breaking it down into smaller charts. This approach, called “small multiples,” allows users to compare data across several simpler charts rather than one overwhelming visualization. Include thorough text explanations and summaries to give context and help users understand the bigger picture.

Advanced Accessibility Techniques for Charts and Data Displays

Providing Multiple Data Views

Not everyone can interpret data in the same way, so offering a toggle between a chart view and a table view can be extremely helpful. For example, you could have a button labeled “Show Data as Table” that, when clicked, reveals an accessible HTML table with the same information.

Supporting Screen Readers with Data Annotations

For charts that update in real-time—like stock price tickers—add announcements with ARIA live regions if something significant changes. This way, screen reader users will be notified when new data appears, but be careful not to overload them with constant updates.

Making Dynamic and Real-Time Data Accessible

Real-time data can be challenging because it often changes so frequently. Focus on essential changes and clearly label them. If you’re running live dashboards or analytics that refresh, allow users to control the refresh rate or pause the updates. This helps users keep track of what’s changed without confusion.

Testing and Validating Chart Accessibility

Manual Testing with Assistive Technologies

Always test your charts using real assistive tools such as:
- Screen readers like NVDA, JAWS, or VoiceOver.
- Keyboard-only navigation for all interactive elements.
This hands-on testing helps you catch issues that automated checkers might miss, like poor focus order or unannounced chart labels.

Automated Testing Tools

Tools like WAVE Accessibility Checker and Lighthouse’s Accessibility Audit in Chrome can highlight potential problems. However, automated tools can only find about 30% of accessibility issues, so don’t rely on them alone.

User Testing and Real-World Validation

Finally, the best way to confirm that your data visualizations are truly accessible is to test them with actual users who rely on assistive technology. Gather feedback and be prepared to iterate on your design. Accessibility is an ongoing process that benefits greatly from real-world input.

Creating Data-Driven Experiences for All Users

Inclusive data visualizations aren’t just a courtesy—they’re the key to truly understanding and acting on the information that drives our businesses, classrooms, and communities. By deliberately designing charts and graphs that everyone can parse, you’re ensuring your message resonates with the widest possible audience. You’re also upholding the principles of equality, transparency, and innovation that propel the web forward.

Start your journey toward full web accessibility today—reach out to 216digital using the form below! Our team of accessibility experts is ready to assess your site and provide tailored solutions to ensure that all visitors can easily access your content.Don’t let accessible data remain an afterthought—take the first step toward a more inclusive online presence now.
Greg McNeil

February 12, 2025

How-to Guides

Accessibility, Accessible Data, How-to, Web Accessibility, web developers, web development, Website Accessibility
How to Write and Design Accessible Links
Links are the building blocks of web navigation. They are the portals that connect users to information, resources, and actions across the internet. Whether you’re browsing a blog, shopping online, or reading an article, links play a crucial role in how you experience the web.

For a link to be truly effective, it needs to meet fundamental user expectations. Links should be predictable, accessible, and functional across all devices and interaction methods, from mouse and keyboard to touchscreens and screen readers. When creating accessible links, there are three core aspects to keep in mind:
1. Writing links that are meaningful and user-friendly.
2. Designing links for visibility and interaction.
3. Coding links for accessibility, SEO, and device compatibility.
In this article, we’ll dive into each of these aspects to help you design and write accessible links that ensure a seamless experience for all users.

1. Writing Links: Clarity and Context Matter

Anchor text is the clickable part of a link, and it should always provide clear, meaningful context. Users rely on anchor text to understand where the link will take them. Generic phrases like “Click Here” or “Read More” do not give enough information about the content that the link points to, making it harder for users to make decisions.

Examples of poor vs. good link text:
- ❌ “Click here to learn about accessibility.”
- ✅ “Learn about web accessibility best practices.”
By being specific and descriptive, you create accessible links that users can easily understand and navigate.

Structuring Links for Scannability

Research shows that users often scan pages rather than reading them word for word. This means that the structure of your links matters. To make your links easy to scan, follow these tips:
- Place important keywords at the beginning of the anchor text.
- Avoid linking entire sentences—focus on the most relevant words.
- Use consistent phrasing across similar links.
For instance, if you’re linking to multiple articles about web accessibility, keep the format and phrasing consistent across all of them. This will make it easier for users to predict what each link offers, improving accessibility.

Handling Email and Phone Links Correctly

Links that direct users to email addresses or phone numbers need to be formatted correctly. The proper way to link email and phone numbers is as follows:
- Email: mailto:hello@example.com
- Phone: tel:+1234567890
It’s also important to note that displaying contact information directly on the page, rather than relying solely on links, is more user-friendly. For example, showing your email address and phone number on your page is helpful for users who might have trouble interacting with links. For mobile users, providing an easy tap-to-call experience can improve usability.

Linking to Downloadable Files

When linking to downloadable files, it’s essential to set proper expectations for users. Make sure you provide information about:
- The file format (e.g., PDF, DOCX, ZIP).
- The file size (e.g., “PDF, 2MB”).
- Contextual information about what the file contains (e.g., “Download our 2024 SEO Guide (PDF, 5MB)”).
Examples of misleading vs. helpful download links:
- ❌ “Click here to download the file.”
- ✅ “Download our 2024 SEO Guide (PDF, 5MB).”
By providing clear details about what users are downloading, you create accessible links that prevent confusion.

2. Designing Links: Visibility and Usability

To ensure your links are visible and easy to recognize, they should look like links. The most common indicator is underlined text.
- Color contrast: Ensure a minimum contrast ratio of 4.5:1 between text and background for normal text, and 3:1 for underlined text.
- Avoid relying on hover-only indicators, such as a color change without underlining, as they are not accessible to all users.
By following these design principles, you make your links more visible, helping users navigate your site easily.

Interactive States: Hover, Focus, and Active

Links should provide clear visual feedback when users interact with them. This helps users understand what is clickable and what is not.

For hover effects, consider changing the color, underlining the text, or using an animation. For focus states, which are essential for keyboard users, make sure the link is outlined with high contrast, such as:

outline: 2px solid #005fcc;

This ensures that all users, including those with limited mobility or visual impairments, can interact with your accessible links.

Clickable Area and Spacing

On touch devices, links need to be large enough to tap comfortably. The recommended minimum tap target size is 44×44 pixels.

Additionally, make sure links are spaced out enough so that users can tap or click them without accidentally selecting the wrong one. This is especially important on mobile devices, where smaller screens can lead to accidental taps.

Should Links Open in a New Tab?

By default, links should open in the same tab to avoid disorienting users. However, there are situations where opening a link in a new tab is appropriate:
- External links to other websites.
- Downloadable files.
- Preventing users from losing unsaved progress (e.g., in a form).
If a link opens in a new tab, always notify users beforehand. This can be done by adding a phrase like “Opens in a new tab” next to the link:
```
<a href="example.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Example (Opens in a new tab)</a>
```
Coding Links: Best Practices for Developers

Semantic HTML: The <a> Tag Is Essential

When coding links, always use the correct HTML element: the <a> tag. This element provides the necessary structure for links to be accessible.

Correct usage:
```
<a href="example.com">Visit Example</a>
```
Incorrect usage (breaks keyboard accessibility):
```
<div onclick="window.location='example.com'">Visit Example</div>
```
Using <a> ensures that all users, including those using screen readers or keyboard navigation, can interact with your accessible links.

Internal Links and Page Anchors

In-page links (or jump links) allow users to navigate directly to different sections of a page. To ensure proper accessibility, use anchor tags with corresponding id attributes.

Example of an in-page link:
```
<a href="#section">Jump to Section</a>
<h2 id="section">Section Title</h2>
To ensure keyboard focus follows the jump, use tabindex="-1":
<h2 id="section" tabindex="-1">Section Title</h2>
```
Using ARIA for Accessible Link Labels

If you’re using icons for links (such as social media buttons), it’s important to make sure they have accessible names. You can achieve this by using ARIA labels.

Example with ARIA:
```
<a href="https://twitter.com" aria-label="Visit us on Twitter. Opens External Webpage">
  <i class="fab fa-twitter"></i>
</a>
```
Alternatively, include visible text along with the icon:
```
<a href="https://twitter.com">
  <i class="fab fa-twitter"></i> Twitter
</a>
```
Managing External Links Securely

When opening external links in new tabs, always use rel="noopener noreferrer" to prevent security risks:
```
<a href="https://example.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Visit Example</a>
```
This practice helps keep your site secure and protects users’ privacy.

Testing and Improving Links

Manual Accessibility Testing

To ensure your links are accessible, perform manual testing:
- Keyboard navigation: Can you tab to every link?
- Screen readers: Does every link make sense without visual context?
- Test the color contrast using tools like the WebAIM Contrast Checker.
Automated Testing Tools

You can also use automated tools to check for accessibility issues:
- Google Lighthouse: Checks for accessibility issues, including link problems.
- WAVE and a11y.Radar: Other helpful tools for automated accessibility testing.
A Link is a Promise, Not a Surprise

Every link you create is a promise to your users. By following best practices for writing, designing, and coding accessible links, you help guide users seamlessly to their next destination without frustration. Accessible links improve navigation, accessibility, and the overall user experience for everyone.

To ensure your website is fully accessible, consider auditing your links using the strategies outlined in this article. Want to take the next step? Schedule an ADA compliance briefing with 216digital to assess your site’s accessibility and learn how to improve it.
Greg McNeil

February 11, 2025

How-to Guides

Accessibility, descriptive link text, How-to, Links, Web Accessible Links, Website Accessibility
accessiBe’s AI Claims Fall Short—FTC Proposes $1M Fine

In a significant move underscoring the importance of truthful marketing in digital accessibility, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) has proposed a $1 million fine against accessiBe, a company known for its AI-driven web accessibility tool, accessWidget. The FTC alleges that accessiBe misrepresented the capabilities of its product, claiming it could render any website fully compliant with the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG), which set the standard for web accessibility.

FTC’s Allegations Against accessiBe

According to the FTC’s complaint, accessiBe advertised that its accessWidget could make websites fully WCAG-compliant through a simple integration process. The company asserted that by adding a single line of code, websites would immediately comply with 30% of WCAG requirements, with the remaining 70% addressed by the AI within 48 hours. However, the FTC found these claims deceptive, stating that the accessiBe widget failed to make essential website components—such as menus, headings, tables, images, and recordings—conformant with WCAG standards.

Furthermore, the FTC highlighted that accessiBe engaged in misleading marketing practices by presenting paid endorsements as independent reviews, violating transparency norms. The proposed settlement includes the $1 million fine and mandates that accessiBe cease making unsubstantiated claims about its product’s capabilities and disclose any material connections with endorsers.

Legal Challenges Faced by accessiBe

This FTC action is not the first legal challenge for accessiBe. The company has faced criticism and legal scrutiny over its accessibility solutions. In 2024, a class-action lawsuit was filed against accessiBe, alleging breach of contract and other claims related to the efficacy of its products.

Limitations of AI in Web Accessibility

The situation with accessiBe brings to light the broader limitations of relying solely on AI for web accessibility. While AI tools can assist in identifying and addressing certain accessibility issues, they often lack the contextual understanding necessary to handle complex web elements. For instance, AI might misinterpret images, provide insufficient alternative text descriptions, or overlook interactive components crucial to the user experience. These shortcomings can result in websites that remain inaccessible to individuals with disabilities, despite the implementation of AI solutions.

Moreover, AI-driven tools may struggle with context-specific issues and ethical considerations, necessitating human intervention to ensure comprehensive accessibility testing. For example, AI might not fully understand the context of certain content, leading to false positives or negatives.

For more information on automated testing, please read our article “Website Accessibility: Are Overlays Just Hiding the Problem?“

Best Practices for Achieving True Compliance

Achieving genuine web accessibility compliance requires a multifaceted approach that combines automated tools with human expertise. While AI can be a valuable asset in identifying potential issues, it should not be relied upon exclusively. Manual audits conducted by accessibility experts are essential to address nuanced and context-specific barriers that AI might miss.

Incorporating user testing, particularly involving individuals with disabilities, can provide invaluable insights into real-world accessibility challenges. This collaborative approach ensures that websites comply with technical standards and are genuinely usable for all individuals.

Partnering with Experts for Comprehensive Accessibility Solutions

Businesses aiming for authentic accessibility compliance should seek partnerships with organizations that offer a blend of automated tools and expert human evaluation. For instance, 216digital provides comprehensive accessibility services encompassing AI-driven assessments, manual audits, and user testing. By collaborating with such partners, companies can ensure that their digital platforms comply with legal standards and are accessible to all users.

Conclusion

The FTC’s proposed fine against accessiBe is a stark reminder of the importance of transparency and honesty in marketing accessibility solutions. While AI offers promising tools to achieve web accessibility, it is not a standalone solution. A comprehensive approach integrating AI capabilities with human expertise and manual audits is essential for proper compliance and inclusivity. Businesses must remain vigilant and committed to genuine accessibility efforts, ensuring their digital content is accessible to all individuals, regardless of ability.

Ready for a solution that truly works? Schedule a free ADA briefing with 216digital. Simply fill out the contact form below, and let’s take the next step toward making your site accessible for all. We’ll help you avoid the pitfalls that landed accessiBe in trouble and guide you toward long-lasting, legally sound solutions.

Greg McNeil

February 10, 2025

Legal Compliance

accessiBe, Accessibility, ADA Compliance, Ai and Overlay Widgets, Website Accessibility
Love at First Click: Why an Accessible Websites Win Hearts (and Customers)
Have you ever visited a website and felt a spark right away? That feeling often comes from a page that’s simple to explore, easy to read, and welcoming to everyone. When people sense they can find what they need without stress, they’re more likely to stick around. This positive reaction is what we might call “love at first click.” It’s that warm feeling you get when a website greets you with open arms.

A big part of this charm comes from making sure your site can be used by people of all abilities. When we talk about “accessible websites,” we mean sites that include features to help everyone use them. For example, some visitors rely on screen readers because they have vision impairments. Others might need larger fonts to see text clearly. Still, others need clear directions or simple labels to understand a page. By building accessible websites, you open your online doors to more users. In turn, they will feel more connected to your business.

Below, we’ll explore how you can create a website that leaves visitors with a smile. We’ll also talk about why doing so can make a big difference for your brand.

The Power of First Impressions

Have you ever landed on a page that was too cluttered or confusing? If the text was tiny and the menus were hidden, you might have closed it right away. That first impression can make or break a new relationship with a customer. In a crowded online world, you want your site to stand out for the right reasons.

Clear menus, bold and readable fonts, and good color contrast can turn a casual visitor into a loyal fan. People often decide in seconds if they feel comfortable on a page. If your site is set up to welcome everyone, you’ll leave a powerful impression that lasts.

What Does Accessibility Mean?

When we say a website is accessible, we mean it’s been designed so people with various needs can use it. This includes people who are blind, have limited vision, have trouble hearing, or have difficulties using their hands and arms. It also includes people with cognitive conditions, such as dyslexia.

Accessible websites often have features like:
1. Clear Navigation: Simple menus and page structures help everyone find what they want.
2. Readable Fonts: Text that’s large enough and easy to understand prevents eye strain.
3. Alternative Text for Images (Alt Text): Short descriptions for images tell screen readers what’s being shown.
4. Keyboard-Friendly Setup: Some users can’t use a mouse, so they rely on tabs and arrow keys to move around.
These steps may seem small, but they make a major impact. Imagine a person who depends on a screen reader. If your site has alt text, that user will hear each image described. They’ll feel included, which can lead to trust and loyalty.

Why Accessible Websites Matter for Everyone

An accessible website doesn’t help only those with special requirements. In many ways, it’s helpful to all your visitors. Large fonts and clear color contrast work well for people browsing on mobile phones under bright sunlight. Captions on videos help anyone who’s watching a video in a quiet office or a noisy bus. Good design choices make your site easier to use for everyone, no matter the setting.

When people sense that they can read and click through your site without trouble, they’re more likely to stay. They’ll also be more eager to return. This leads to deeper connections and can spark positive word-of-mouth. Users often share good finds with friends, and you’ll notice more traffic over time.

Building Trust and Loyalty

We all want to feel valued and respected. When you design your site with inclusion in mind, you send a message that every visitor matters. That message builds trust. Visitors know you’ve thought about their needs and comfort. As a result, they’re more likely to explore your products or services.

Imagine receiving a warm welcome at a local shop. You’d want to come back, right? Websites aren’t that different. When customers feel good about how a site treats them, they’ll remember it. This memory makes them more inclined to buy, share, and stay loyal.

Reaching a Larger Audience

A smart business plan often involves finding ways to expand. One way to do this is to include more people. When you make sure your website has features like keyboard navigation and alt text, more visitors can join in. This means you can reach many potential customers who might otherwise pass over your site.

Word spreads quickly online. If someone who needs those features finds your site useful, they’ll likely tell friends or family in similar situations. Word-of-mouth can travel fast in certain communities, giving your site a good chance to grow. By meeting a need that many sites overlook, you can stand out in a busy online space.

Boosting Your SEO

Search engines like Google pay attention to how a site is organized. When you add descriptive headings, alt text, and clear layouts, you help search engines understand your content. This can lead to better rankings.

For example, alt text serves as an extra description of your images. Search engines pick up on these details, which can help your site appear in image search results. Many tools that help with accessibility, such as proper heading structure, also help search engines crawl and index your pages. This can boost your spot in search results, bringing even more people to your site.

Protecting Against Legal Risks

Being open to as many users as possible can also help reduce possible legal troubles. Laws like the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) focus on making goods and services open to everyone. Websites are part of that. If a site is built with no thought for accessibility, it could face complaints or lawsuits.

Improving your site for people with special requirements lowers that risk. Even if legal matters are not your main concern, it’s good to be prepared. When you keep your site in line with best practices, you are making a solid long-term investment.

Tips for Making Your Website Accessible

Below are a few steps you can take to make your site more inviting:
1. Use Large, Clear Fonts: Aim for fonts that are at least 16px so people don’t strain their eyes.
2. Check Color Contrast: Text should stand out against the background. There are many free tools to help you pick suitable color combinations.
3. Provide Captions on Videos: Add subtitles or transcripts for video or audio content.
4. Add Alt Text for Images: Write brief descriptions that explain what each image shows.
5. Ensure Keyboard Navigation: Test your site by using only the keyboard to move around. If you can’t reach certain links or content, others might not be able to either.
6. Keep Forms Simple: Use clear labels that tell people exactly what to type.
7. Organize Content with Headings: H1, H2, and H3 headings help screen readers know how the page is structured.
You don’t need to make all these changes at once. Even small improvements can have a big impact on the user experience.

Your Path to a Great First Click

Picture your website as an online shop or office. You’d want it to feel inviting and arranged so visitors can find what they want. You’d also want it to reflect your brand values. Making small, mindful changes for accessibility can create that “wow” factor as soon as a new visitor arrives.

Think of the times you felt relaxed and confident navigating a new website. Chances are, someone took great care in building that site’s design and layout. With the right approach, your site can leave the same positive impression.

The Ongoing Journey

Improving accessibility can feel like a long process, but think of it as a journey that grows along with your business. Every time you introduce a new feature or post fresh content, do a quick check for accessibility. When you add a video, include captions. If you upload a new image, write a short alt text so everyone knows what it’s about.

These little efforts add up in a big way over time. Your visitors will notice the extra care, which makes them more likely to stick around, trust you, and come back often. Tools like Accessibility Radar (a11y.Radar) can help you stay on top of accessibility by monitoring your site and flagging potential issues before they become barriers. By making accessibility a priority, you’ll create a stronger, more welcoming online presence for everyone.

Win Hearts with an Accessible Website

In today’s digital world, the first click can mean everything. Accessible websites welcome visitors and help them feel at home. That friendly first impression can turn casual visitors into loyal customers.

When you invest in clear navigation, larger fonts, and alt text for images, you’re making your site open to all. This not only grows your audience but also fosters respect and trust. Plus, you’ll enjoy better search rankings and reduce the chances of legal issues.

If you’ve been thinking about ways to boost engagement and win hearts online, begin by checking how people of different abilities experience your website. You might be surprised at the improvements you can make right now. By showing that you care about every visitor, you’ll inspire the kind of warm feelings that lead to “love at first click.” And that’s a win for everyone—especially your business.

Ready to create accessible websites everyone will love? Schedule an ADA briefing with 216digital using the contact form below!
Greg McNeil

February 7, 2025

The Benefits of Web Accessibility

Accessibility, accessible websites, Benefits of Web Accessibility, Website Accessibility
Accessibility Barriers: The Problem with Placeholders

Form design might seem simple at first. You add text fields, maybe a dropdown or two, and call it a day. But when it comes to guiding users, many designers rely on placeholders to show instructions or examples inside the input fields. On the surface, this seems like a neat way to save space and keep the layout clean. However, those same placeholders can create big usability and accessibility issues.

If you’ve been counting on placeholders to label your form fields, it might be time to rethink your approach. In this article, we’ll explore why placeholders cause problems, especially for people with disabilities, and how you can design forms that are clearer and easier for everyone to use.

Why Placeholders Cause Problems in Forms

1. They Disappear When Users Start Typing

Picture this: a user clicks on a field that says “Enter your phone number,” the moment they begin typing, that instruction vanishes. If they suddenly forget the exact format or details required, they have to either clear the field to see the placeholder again or guess what was there in the first place. This can be annoying in simple fields, but it becomes a real headache in longer or more complex forms. Each additional step or moment of confusion can lead to higher drop-off rates and reduced accuracy.

2. Not All Browsers Support Them

Although modern browsers generally display placeholders, some older or less common browsers may not. When these browsers skip placeholders altogether, the user has zero guidance or instruction for the field. If your form is already barebones—meaning you’ve omitted labels or separate hint text—people on unsupported browsers are left to figure it out on their own. This can be especially problematic when international or low-tech audiences may rely on older systems.

3. Once Filled, Fields Lose Context

After a user inputs data into a field, the purpose of that field may not be obvious. This is especially true for details like phone numbers, ZIP codes, or other specialized information. Without visible labels, users who step away from their screens or return later might forget the exact context for each field and whether it requires a specific format (e.g., whether to include country codes or parentheses for phone numbers).

4. Reviewing Answers Becomes a Hassle

Many people like to review their answers before hitting the Submit button. However, if placeholder text disappears once the user types something in, they can’t quickly verify whether their entry meets the field’s requirements. This can lead to overlooked mistakes—like mixing up month and day in date fields or forgetting to include a state abbreviation in an address.

5. Fixing Errors Gets Confusing

When a form returns an error message, it often refers to a specific label or hint. Without a visible label, a user might only see a generic error message like “Invalid entry” without knowing how to fix it. They’re left guessing whether they must add a certain number of characters, switch from text to numbers, or follow a specific pattern. This guesswork can be frustrating and lead to abandoned forms.

6. Some Browsers Hide Placeholders When the Field Is Focused

In certain older browsers, clicking or tabbing into an input field removes the placeholder immediately. Suppose a user didn’t fully absorb the instructions beforehand. In that case, they’ll have to navigate out of the field and back in, or potentially delete any typed text, to see the placeholder again. It’s a minor issue but yet another piece of friction.

7. They Can Be Mistaken for an Actual Answer

Placeholder text usually has a lighter contrast to differentiate it from actual user input, but the difference can be subtle. Some users might assume the placeholder is pre-filled data and skip the field altogether. Or they might try to erase the text, only to realize it’s a placeholder, not a typed entry.

8. Low Contrast Makes Them Hard to Read

One frequent design choice is to make placeholders light gray. This aesthetic might look sleek but can be challenging to read for people with visual impairments or even those using a device in bright sunlight. Low contrast is a direct accessibility barrier and may violate the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) guidelines, which recommend sufficient contrast between text and background.

9. Some Screen Readers Don’t Read Placeholder Text

Screen reader support for placeholders is inconsistent. Some devices or assistive tools ignore placeholders entirely, leaving users no context. If you rely on placeholders to communicate critical instructions, this group of users may miss out on the information they need.

10. Smaller Clickable Area Without Labels

When you have a label element associated with a form field, clicking the label sets focus on that field. This feature is handy, especially for people with motor impairments who benefit from a larger clickable target. Without a proper label, users might have to click precisely on the field, which can be more complicated.

11. Placeholder Text Gets Cut Off

Long placeholder text often doesn’t fit in the space provided, so it gets truncated. If the most crucial part of the instruction is at the end—like a date format or suffix—it may not be visible. Mobile users, in particular, have limited screen space, making it even more likely that critical instructions get chopped.

12. Some Browsers Don’t Translate Placeholders

If you depend on browser-based translation (like Google Translate in Chrome), remember that these tools don’t always translate placeholder text. International users might see fields with instructions in a language they don’t understand, putting them at a disadvantage.

13. Auto-Complete Can Mess Things Up

Browsers often auto-fill fields such as name or email based on saved user information. When that happens, the placeholder text is never shown. If the user doesn’t recall the exact format needed—like whether the phone number should include a dash or parentheses—they might submit the wrong thing without even realizing it.

14. High Contrast Mode Makes Placeholders Look Like User Input

High Contrast Mode in Windows can shift placeholder text to the same color as regular text. In that situation, a placeholder might appear identical to actual input, confusing users who think the field is already filled in or assume it’s a default value.

What You Should Do Instead

Rather than relying on placeholders, consider these best practices:

Use a Visible Label

Make sure every form field has a label that stays on the screen. Labels tell users—sighted, low vision, or blind—what the field is for. They also help screen reader users navigate more easily.

Put Hint Text Below the Label

If you need to offer more guidance, place this text below or next to the label. This way, the hint stays visible all the time. It won’t disappear once someone starts typing.

Provide Clear Formatting Instructions

Instead of relying on placeholders, add clear examples outside the input field. For instance, you could show “MM/DD/YYYY” under the “Date of Birth” label. Users can see the format without losing the prompt.

Test for Accessibility

Test your forms with screen readers and try them in high-contrast mode. Check that the labels are clear, that hint text stands out, and that the form works well even if placeholders don’t show up at all. Tools like WAVE or Google Lighthouse can help identify accessibility barriers.

Consider Better UX Patterns

Inline validation, tooltips, or progressive disclosure can guide users in a more reliable way. These methods let users see error messages or instructions at just the right time, without losing any important label text.

Clear Forms, Better Experiences

Using placeholders might seem like a clean and modern design choice, but it often causes more trouble than it’s worth. From disappearing instructions to accessibility issues, placeholders can leave users frustrated and unsure. Instead of relying on placeholders, give each field a clear label and keep helpful guidance visible. By doing so, you’ll create a smoother, more inclusive experience for everyone who visits your site.

Need help making sure your forms are user-friendly and accessible? 216digital specializes in improving digital experiences for all users. Reach out to us today to learn how we can help you design better, more inclusive forms—no placeholders needed.

Greg McNeil

February 6, 2025

How-to Guides

Accessibility, How-to, Web Accessibility Remediation, web developers, web development, Website Accessibility
The Accessibility Lawsuit Trend No One’s Talking About

In 2025, the world of digital accessibility is more complicated and urgent than ever. Lawsuits over website accessibility are on the rise, and they are changing in ways many businesses haven’t prepared for. In the past, companies would run automated scans and assume they were safe. But a troubling new trend has emerged. Plaintiffs are now basing their legal cases on problems that only show up through manual audits. If your website is relying on automated checks alone, you could be at serious legal risk. This article explains why this shift is happening, how automated scans fall short, and what you can do right now to stay ahead.

Why Automated Scans Are No Longer Enough

Over the years, many accessibility lawsuits pointed to errors found by automated tools. These tools check for missing alt text on images, low color contrast, and other basic issues. But today, plaintiffs’ lawyers and accessibility consultants are using manual audits to find deeper barriers. They test how a site really works for someone with a disability. They check if a keyboard-only user can reach all parts of a form, or if a screen reader can make sense of the menu. These tests go beyond surface-level coding problems.

Now, many businesses find themselves sued even though they passed automated scans. Plaintiffs’ experts show detailed reports from manual audits to prove real-life barriers. Lawyers and judges are giving more weight to these reports, which show that a site may look fine to the naked eye but still fail to support people with disabilities. If businesses don’t adjust, they could face serious legal costs and brand damage.

The Problem with Automated Scans

Automated scans still have their place. They’re great for catching low-hanging fruit like missing alt attributes or basic color contrast issues. However, they’re just one piece of the accessibility puzzle. Here are a few examples:

Contextual Understanding

Tools can’t interpret how a page flows from one element to another or whether a user’s journey makes sense. For instance, an automated tool might confirm that a button has a label. But it won’t confirm if that label makes sense in context—for example, “Click Here” might be flagged as accessible by an automated tool but provides zero context to screen readers.

Dynamic Interactive Elements

If your site has pop-ups, carousels, or complex menus, automated scans might not catch when these elements create focus issues. A user relying on keyboard navigation might get stuck or lose track of where they are on the page.

Human Navigation Patterns

Real users might try multiple paths to accomplish tasks, like making a purchase or filling out a form. Automated tools generally test code in a linear fashion, missing real-world usage patterns.

Advanced ARIA Techniques

ARIA can help screen readers identify custom elements (like drop-downs, tabs, or modals). However, it must be implemented correctly. An automated tool might only check if ARIA attributes exist, not if they are used correctly.

Recent Case Examples Where Automated Scans Failed

Several businesses have learned this lesson the hard way. Although you might read about them in publications like The Wall Street Journal, three notable examples include:

Kramer Knives

A small business specializing in handcrafted knives faced a lawsuit from a visually impaired plaintiff. Kramer Knives believed they were compliant because an automated scan showed few errors. However, manual testing uncovered keyboard navigation issues and unclear labels, resulting in legal action.

Electric Bike Technologies

This e-commerce business was sued for alleged inaccessibility after a plaintiff discovered barriers during manual testing. The automated scans the company had relied on were insufficient, as they didn’t catch certain interactive elements that weren’t accessible to screen readers.

Extract Labs

This CBD and cannabinoid products seller thought their high automated score meant they were safe. However, manual audits found significant barriers—like form fields that weren’t properly labeled and pop-up modals that trapped keyboard focus—leading to a lawsuit.

In each instance, the businesses thought they were protected. But what they missed—those deeper, functional issues—still made their sites inaccessible to real users and vulnerable in court.

How This Shift Could Activate a Wave of Accessibility Lawsuits in 2025

More Lawsuits, More Targets

Since manual audits reveal issues that automated scans ignore, it’s easier than ever for plaintiffs to build a strong legal case. E-commerce stores, healthcare websites, and travel booking sites are especially vulnerable. Their complex forms and interactive features may pass an automated check but fail real-world testing.

The Rise of Copycat Lawsuits

Accessibility lawsuits now follow a pattern. According to recent statistics, 41% of federal court lawsuits in 2024 targeted businesses that had already been sued before. Plaintiffs’ law firms reuse winning strategies again and again. Once they find a successful argument, they apply it to many businesses across different industries. Small businesses without in-house accessibility knowledge become prime targets. They often settle quickly to avoid higher legal costs, which makes them even more attractive to plaintiffs. These copycat lawsuits can destroy a business’s reputation and finances.

What Website Owners Need to Do Now

Going Beyond Automated Scans

It’s clear that if your only strategy is running an automated scan, you’re leaving yourself wide open. You need a multi-layered approach that combines automated scanning with manual audits for a complete look at your site. Manual audits test your website in the same way real users do.

Testers try to navigate using only a keyboard, or with a screen reader, or with special settings to assist low vision. This approach catches hidden barriers that an automated check will never see. If possible, individuals with disabilities should be involved in testing. Their feedback is invaluable because it reflects real-world challenges that neither a tool nor a developer might anticipate.

Creating a Proactive Accessibility Strategy

If you want to stay off a plaintiff’s radar, or at least have a strong defense if sued, take these steps:

Conduct a Full Accessibility Audit

Start with an initial assessment that combines automated tools and manual audits. Identify all major barriers to accessibility on your site.

Remediate the Issues

Fix the problems uncovered by your audit. This might involve updating code, redesigning certain elements for better contrast and clarity, or rethinking how your site’s navigation is structured.

Implement Ongoing Monitoring

Accessibility isn’t a “set it and forget it” project. Every time you add a new product, page, or feature, you could introduce new barriers. Schedule periodic reviews, both automated and manual or sign up for monitoring services like Accessibility Radar (a11y.Radar).

Train Your Team

Developers, designers, content writers—everyone on your team should know the basics of accessibility. Make sure they understand how to write alt text, use headings properly, and maintain keyboard-friendly navigation.

How 216digital Can Help

If you’re feeling overwhelmed, you’re not alone. It’s a big task to ensure your website is fully accessible, especially if you’re new to web accessibility. At 216digital, we focus on making accessibility practical and achievable for businesses of all sizes.

Our experts will test your website the way actual users do. We don’t just point out problems. We help you fix them for the long run. Whether your site needs design tweaks, code adjustments, or content changes, we’ll guide you every step of the way.

We don’t stop there. Accessibility standards change, and we stay on top of new guidelines. We provide ongoing support to make sure your site remains accessible. By combining automated scans with manual audits, our team delivers a full view of your accessibility status.

Take Action Today

Many business owners don’t think about website accessibility until they get served a lawsuit. By then, it may be too late. The better plan is to act now. Start with a thorough assessment and fix any barriers before a plaintiff turns them into a legal case. If you wait, you could face serious penalties, legal fees, and harm to your brand.

To stay protected, schedule a free accessibility risk assessment with 216digital. Our team will show you how manual audits can spot hidden barriers, and we’ll guide you on how to fix them. Avoid the growing wave of lawsuits by making your site accessible today. After all, equal access is not just a legal issue—it’s the right thing to do for your customers and your business.

Remember: automated scans are no longer enough. By embracing manual audits, you can protect your business, serve your customers better, and stay on the right side of the law. Don’t wait until you become the next lawsuit headline. Act now and secure your place as a leader in digital accessibility.

Greg McNeil

February 5, 2025

Legal Compliance

2025, Accessibility, Accessibility Audit, Accessibility testing, ADA Lawsuit, manual audit, Manual Testing, Web Accessibility
Why No ARIA Is Better Than Bad ARIA
It’s tempting to think of ARIA (Accessible Rich Internet Applications) as the one-stop solution for all your accessibility needs. After all, ARIA exists to help developers create web content that works better for people who use assistive technology, like screen readers. But here’s the catch: if you misuse ARIA—or in places where it isn’t needed—you can end up making your site less accessible, not more.

This post will explain why semantic HTML should always be your go-to approach, when and why ARIA is beneficial, the most common ARIA mistakes, and best practices for getting it right. By the end, you’ll see how “less is more” often applies to ARIA and why sticking to native elements can save you—and your users—a lot of trouble.

What Is ARIA (and Why Does It Matter)?

ARIA stands for Web Accessibility Initiative – Accessible Rich Internet Applications. Created by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), ARIA provides a set of roles, states, and properties that help assistive technologies (like screen readers) understand the meaning and function of different elements on a webpage. It’s beneficial for complex or dynamic interfaces that native HTML elements don’t fully cover—such as custom sliders or tab interfaces.

However, the real power of ARIA depends on how it’s used. Applying ARIA roles in the wrong places or mislabeling states can lead to confusion and errors. Users relying on screen readers might hear incorrect information about what’s on the page or even miss out on essential controls. If you’re not cautious, you could do more harm than good.

Why Semantic HTML Should Be Your First Choice

Before jumping into ARIA, remember that semantic HTML is the foundation of accessible web design. Native elements, like <header>, <nav>, <button>, and <footer>, come with many built-in features that screen readers and other assistive tools already understand.

What is Semantic HTML?

It refers to HTML elements that clearly describe their meaning. For instance, a <nav> element signals that it contains navigation links. A <button> says, “I’m something clickable!” to both users and screen readers.

Why Does it Matter?

When you use semantic elements, you’re using markup that browsers and screen readers know how to interpret. This often means you don’t need ARIA at all—because everything is already handled for you.

Real-world Example

If you need a button, just use <button> instead of a <div> with role= "button". Screen readers automatically identify a <button> as a button, while a <div> is just a generic container. Adding a role= "button" to that <div> can work, but it’s extra code and is often less reliable than using a <button> in the first place.

By relying on these built-in elements, your code is simpler and more intuitive. You’re also less likely to cause confusion when you mix ARIA roles with native roles.

When (and Why) ARIA Is Actually Needed

So, if semantic HTML is so powerful, why do we have ARIA at all?

Filling the Gaps

HTML is great, but it’s not perfect. Some interactive elements—like complex sliders, tab panels, or sortable tables—aren’t natively supported (or are only partially supported) by standard HTML tags. ARIA helps fill in these gaps by providing additional metadata.

Roles, States, and Properties

ARIA is split into three main categories: roles (what is this thing?), states (what is its current condition?), and properties (how does it behave?). These allow screen readers to give users a clearer picture of what’s happening on the page.

Example: Tabs and sliders

If you’re building a tab interface from scratch, you might rely on a series of <div> elements. You’d need ARIA attributes like role= "tablist", role= "tab“, and role= "tabpanel", plus properties like aria-selected= "true" or aria-hidden= "true" to show which tab is active.

Ultimately, ARIA becomes crucial when the default HTML elements don’t cover the level of interactivity or complexity you need. That might be a custom widget or a specialized interface that doesn’t map neatly to existing HTML tags.

The Most Common ARIA Mistakes (and Why They’re a Problem)

Misusing Roles

Sometimes, developers add ARIA roles to elements out of habit, without stopping to see if the native element would have worked better. If you set role= "button" on a <div>, you must also manually manage keyboard interactions and focus states. If you don’t, assistive technology users may be unable to click or navigate to this “button” effectively.

Example
```

<div role="button" tabindex="0" onclick="doSomething()">
  Click me
</div>


<button onclick="doSomething()">Click me</button>
```
Using a <button> means you get keyboard focus, click events, and screen reader recognition by default—no extra ARIA or scripting needed.

Redundant or Conflicting Roles

Many elements come with built-in roles. A <nav> element is understood as “navigation,” and a <ul> is understood as a list. If you add role= "navigation" to a <nav>, you’re restating something already known. In some cases, overriding a native role with a custom role can even interfere with how assistive technologies interpret the element.

Example
```

<nav role="navigation">
  
</nav>


<nav>
  
</nav>
```
Here, adding role= "navigation" is unnecessary and could create confusion in some tools.

Incorrect State Management

ARIA states, like aria-expanded or aria-checked, must accurately reflect the element’s real condition. If your dropdown menu is closed but you have aria-expanded= “true”, a screen reader user will hear that the menu is open—even though it isn’t. This mismatch can be very disorienting.

Example
```

<button aria-expanded="true" onclick="toggleMenu()">Menu</button>


<button aria-expanded="false" onclick="toggleMenu()">Menu</button>
```
Make sure your script updates aria-expanded to reflect the actual state of the menu (true when open, false when closed).

ARIA Overload

Adding too many ARIA attributes can clutter the information that screen readers must process. For instance, overusing aria-live regions can cause screen readers to constantly read out changes that might not be important. This can frustrate users and cause them to miss critical content.

Example
```

<div aria-live="polite">Update 1</div>
<div aria-live="polite">Update 2</div>
<div aria-live="polite">Update 3</div>


<div aria-live="polite" id="importantUpdates"></div>
```
If you really need to announce multiple updates, try grouping them or letting users opt-in.

Misusing aria-hidden

aria-hidden= "true" tells screen readers to ignore an element. If you add this attribute to interactive content—like a button, form field, or link—you’re effectively locking out users who rely on assistive tech.

Important: Hiding something visually is not always the same as hiding it from screen readers. Don’t use aria-hidden if the content is still necessary for some users.

Example
```

<button aria-hidden="true" onclick="doSomething()">Buy Now</button>


<button class="visually-hidden" onclick="doSomething()">Buy Now</button>
```
(“Visually hidden” classes typically hide elements from sighted users but keep them available to assistive tech.)

Why “No ARIA” is Often the Best Choice

The golden rule is this: bad ARIA is worse than no ARIA at all. Why? Because at least with no ARIA, the user experience reverts to the default behaviors of native HTML, which assistive technologies are designed to understand. But if you add incorrect ARIA roles or states, you can mislead screen readers entirely.

In many cases, the standard HTML element does everything you need. By default, a <button> is keyboard-accessible, announces itself as a button, and can have an accessible label. Adding role= "button" to a <div> only means more overhead for you and possibly less clarity for users.

Best Practices for Using ARIA the Right Way

Use Native HTML First

Always check whether you can use a built-in HTML element. This approach is simpler to code, more reliable, and better for accessibility out of the gate.

Example

Instead of:

<div role="button" tabindex="0">Submit</div>

Use:

<button>Submit</button>

No extra attributes, no confusion—just a straightforward button.

Be Precise with Roles and States

If you must use ARIA, choose the exact role that matches the purpose of your element. Also, keep an eye on the current state—like aria-expanded, aria-checked, or aria-selected—and update it only when something changes.

Example
```
<button aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="menu" onclick="toggleMenu()">Menu</button>
<ul id= "menu" hidden>
  <li>Home</li>
  <li>Services</li>
  <li>Contact</li>
</ul>
```
In this example, setting aria-expanded= "false" on the button shows it’s not expanded. When the user clicks, you can switch that to true in your JavaScript.

Don’t Add ARIA Where It’s Not Needed

If an element already serves a clear function, adding a role that duplicates it is just noise for screen readers.

Example
```

<ul role="list">
  <li>Item 1</li>
  <li>Item 2</li>
</ul>


<ul>
  <li>Item 1</li>
  <li>Item 2</li>
</ul>
```
A <ul> is already recognized as a list by assistive technology.

Test with Real Assistive Tech

Tools like automated accessibility checkers are helpful, but they can’t catch everything. The best way to confirm your site’s accessibility is to test it with screen readers (like NVDA, JAWS, or VoiceOver) and try navigating entirely with a keyboard. If you can, get feedback from people who actually use these tools every day—they can point out mistakes or obstacles you might miss otherwise.

Conclusion

Using ARIA incorrectly can do more harm than good. In fact, it can make websites less accessible and confusing for users who rely on screen readers. The first step to building an accessible website is to stick with semantic HTML wherever possible. If you need ARIA—especially for complex custom widgets—be sure to use it carefully, accurately reflecting each element’s true roles and states. Then, test your work with real users and assistive technologies to make sure you’re making things better, not worse.

Following these guidelines helps create a smoother experience for every visitor, including those using assistive technology. Remember: if you can solve your problem with native HTML, do that first. If not, ARIA can be a fantastic tool—just be sure you’re using it correctly.

Need Help with Web Accessibility?

Making a website accessible can be tricky, especially when it comes to knowing how and when to use ARIA. 216digital specializes in web accessibility, from ARIA best practices to full WCAG compliance. If you’re ready to take the next step toward a more inclusive web experience, reach out to us today! Let’s work together to ensure your site remains welcoming—and functional—for every user.
Greg McNeil

February 4, 2025

How-to Guides

Accessibility, ARIA, How-to, WCAG, Web Accessibility, web developers, web development
Is Your Website an Accessibility Heartbreaker?
Imagine this: You’re on a first date. The atmosphere is warm, the conversation flows easily, and everything feels right. That’s the power of a great first impression. Now, imagine the opposite—a cold, awkward encounter where nothing seems to click. Not exactly the love story you were hoping for, right?

Well, your website’s first impression works the same way. An accessible website makes users feel welcomed, valued, and engaged—just like a great first date. It’s the kind of experience that keeps them coming back for more. But, if your website isn’t accessible, it can be a huge turnoff. Users will get frustrated, bounce off your site faster than a bad date, and you’ll lose valuable business opportunities. Worse yet, accessibility issues can even lead to legal risks. No one wants that heartbreak.

In this article, we’re going to talk about common accessibility mistakes that could break users’ hearts and, more importantly, how to fix them. Let’s make sure your website is a love story in the making!

Common Accessibility Heartbreakers (Mistakes to Avoid)

Just like a bad date can ruin your chances for a second one, these accessibility mistakes can send users running for the door. Let’s fix these issues before they break anyone’s heart.

1. The Ghosted Visitor: No Keyboard Navigation

Imagine trying to navigate a website without a mouse. For many users with mobility impairments, the keyboard is their only way of interacting with your site. If they can’t use the Tab key to move through links, buttons, or form fields, they’re essentially locked out.

Fix

Make sure all interactive elements are accessible via keyboard. This includes buttons, links, form fields, and menus. Also, don’t forget about the :focus state to show users where they are on the page. And, please—no keyboard traps! These occur when users can’t escape pop-ups or dropdowns using their keyboard. No one wants to be stuck on a bad date (or website)!

2. The Mixed Signals: Low Contrast & Illegible Fonts

Ever tried reading a text message with tiny, light-colored text against a white background? Not easy, right? Now, imagine the same thing on your website. Low contrast and hard-to-read fonts create accessibility barriers, especially for users with visual impairments or color blindness.

Fix

Follow the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) contrast ratios—4.5:1 for normal text and 3:1 for large text. Choose fonts that are easy on the eyes (think: no overly decorative or script fonts). Also, give your text some breathing room by adjusting the spacing between letters, words, and lines. A little space goes a long way in readability!

3. The Silent Treatment: Missing Alt Text & Screen Reader Issues

When you don’t provide alt text for images, it’s like leaving a text on read. Users who rely on screen readers won’t be able to understand what the image is about, and that can make them feel left out. Also, if your graphics aren’t properly described, you’re leaving users in the dark.

Fix

Make sure all informative images have descriptive alt text. If an image is purely decorative, use alt=”” so it doesn’t clutter the screen reader’s output. And don’t forget about interactive elements like buttons or icons—be sure to give them proper ARIA labels or text descriptions.

4. The Disappearing Act: Poor Focus Indicators

Just like you wouldn’t want your date to disappear mid-conversation, you don’t want users to lose track of where they are on your website. When focus indicators are missing, especially when navigating via keyboard, it becomes frustrating and confusing.

Fix

Ensure focus styles are visible and easy to spot. For example, use outline: 2px solid #color; for a visible focus state. Never remove focus outlines with CSS (outline: none; is a dealbreaker!). Make sure to test your site by navigating with the Tab key yourself, so you know exactly what your users will experience.

5. The Confusing Relationship: Inconsistent Heading Structure

Headings are like road signs—they guide users (and screen readers) through your content. If your heading structure is all over the place, it’s like showing up to dinner only to realize your date is more lost than the dessert menu.

Fix

Stick to a consistent heading structure. Use <h1> for the main page title, followed by <h2> for section headers, and <h3> for subsections. Avoid using headings just for styling purposes—use CSS for that! Keep headings concise and meaningful to help users (and screen readers) navigate through your content.

6. The Commitment Issues: Unlabeled Form Fields

Form fields without labels are like trying to have a conversation without saying anything meaningful. For users who rely on screen readers or voice input, unlabeled fields are confusing and make the experience feel like a dead end.

Fix

Clearly label all form fields using <label> elements. If a visible label isn’t possible, use aria-label or aria-labelledby. And when users make mistakes on a form, don’t just say “Invalid input.” Offer helpful error messages with guidance on how to fix the issue.

7. The Unwanted Surprise: Auto-Playing Content

Auto-playing videos or audio are the equivalent of a surprise PDA—some people just aren’t into it. For users with cognitive disabilities, or those using screen readers, auto-playing content can be disorienting and disruptive.

Fix

Give users control over media playback. Allow them to pause, stop, or mute the content. If you must have autoplay, make sure the audio is muted by default. Also, provide captions and transcripts for multimedia content to make it accessible to everyone.

Winning Hearts: Making Your Website More Accessible

Creating an accessible website isn’t just about fixing the mistakes we’ve talked about; it’s about going the extra mile to make sure everyone feels welcome. Here are a few tips to help you win hearts and minds:
- Run an accessibility audit using tools like Lighthouse or WAVE. These tools help you spot potential issues and offer suggestions for improvement.
- Get feedback from real users with disabilities. There’s no better way to find out what works and what doesn’t than by talking to the people who need accessibility features most.
- Follow WCAG guidelines and keep accessibility in mind with every design and development decision. It should be a priority, not an afterthought.
- Make accessibility a long-term commitment. It’s not a one-time fix; it’s an ongoing process. Keep testing and improving to ensure that your site is always inclusive and user-friendly.
Don’t Let Your Website Be a Heartbreaker

At its core, accessibility isn’t just about compliance—it’s about creating an inclusive, welcoming experience that keeps users engaged and happy. When your website prioritizes accessibility, you’re showing every visitor that they are valued, respected, and included. And that’s the kind of love story worth telling.

So, is your website ready to sweep visitors off their feet? Let’s make sure it is. Schedule an ADA briefing with 216digital today to ensure your site is accessible, user-friendly, and legally compliant. Because when it comes to accessibility, the best love story is one where no one gets left out!
Greg McNeil

February 3, 2025

The Benefits of Web Accessibility, WCAG Compliance

Accessibility, ADA Compliance, ADA Website Compliance, WCAG, Website Accessibility
Why ADA Lawsuits Will Continue to Rise in 2025
The number of lawsuits filed under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) has steadily increased over the past decade, and this trend is expected to continue in 2025. Businesses of all sizes, particularly those operating in the digital space, will likely face heightened scrutiny regarding their accessibility practices. Several key factors contribute to the continued rise in ADA lawsuits, from growing awareness of accessibility rights to the expanding scope of digital accessibility challenges. Understanding these drivers can help businesses proactively approach compliance and risk mitigation.

1. Growing Awareness of Accessibility Rights

One of the most significant reasons behind the rise in ADA lawsuits is the increasing awareness of accessibility rights among individuals with disabilities. As digital accessibility advocacy gains momentum, more users are recognizing their right to equal access to websites, mobile apps, and other online platforms. Organizations such as the National Federation of the Blind (NFB) and the American Council of the Blind (ACB) continue to push for more stringent enforcement of accessibility laws, empowering individuals to take legal action when they encounter barriers.

Additionally, social media and digital forums provide platforms for users to share their experiences, amplifying the conversation around accessibility. As more individuals demand equal access to digital spaces, businesses that fail to comply with accessibility standards will become increasingly vulnerable to lawsuits.

2. The Rapid Expansion of Digital Technologies

The explosion of digital technologies, particularly in e-commerce and online services, has introduced new accessibility challenges. Many businesses are rushing to implement AI-driven interfaces, chatbots, and complex navigation structures without considering how these innovations impact users with disabilities. Common accessibility barriers include:
- Poor screen reader compatibility
- Inaccessible forms and checkout processes
- Missing or inadequate alt text for images
- Lack of keyboard navigability
- Videos without captions or transcripts
As businesses expand their digital footprints, accessibility must be a central consideration. However, many companies neglect to prioritize accessibility during development, leaving them exposed to potential litigation.

3. Legal Precedents and Heightened Enforcement Trends

In recent years, landmark ADA lawsuits have set powerful legal precedents, further fueling the rise in litigation. Cases like Robles v. Domino’s Pizza and Gil v. Winn-Dixie have reinforced that digital accessibility falls under the scope of the ADA. These rulings have emboldened individuals and advocacy groups to pursue legal action when accessibility barriers persist.

At the same time, regulatory bodies are stepping up their enforcement efforts. The Department of Justice (DOJ) has issued more explicit guidance on digital accessibility compliance, signaling that noncompliance will not be tolerated. With federal and state regulators increasing their scrutiny, businesses that ignore accessibility requirements risk facing significant legal and financial consequences.

4. The Impact of Accessibility Testing Tools

The evolution of accessibility testing tools makes identifying noncompliance easier than ever. Automated scanners, AI-driven auditing platforms, and real-world testing methods are providing users, advocacy groups, and legal professionals with concrete evidence of accessibility violations.

Tools such as WAVE, Google Lighthouse, and a11y.Radar enables quick and comprehensive assessments of digital properties. As these tools become more sophisticated and widely adopted, businesses that neglect accessibility will find it increasingly difficult to claim ignorance of their obligations. The ability to quickly identify accessibility failures means that potential plaintiffs have more substantial cases, further driving the volume of ADA lawsuits.

5. The Demand for Proactive Accessibility Compliance

With rising legal risks, businesses can no longer afford a reactive approach to accessibility. A growing number of organizations are recognizing the need for proactive accessibility strategies, including:
- Regular accessibility audits
- Compliance monitoring
- Employee training on digital accessibility
- Partnering with accessibility experts for remediation
Despite these efforts, many businesses still fall short due to a lack of knowledge or investment in accessibility initiatives. Those who fail to take proactive steps will face legal repercussions as accessibility enforcement intensifies.

The Time to Act on Accessibility Is Now

ADA lawsuits are projected to rise in 2025 due to growing awareness, digital expansion, legal precedents, and enhanced enforcement. Businesses must recognize that accessibility is not just a legal obligation but also a cornerstone of inclusivity and user experience. By taking a proactive approach to accessibility compliance, organizations can mitigate legal risks, boost customer satisfaction, and contribute to a more accessible digital world.

Now more than ever, it’s crucial for businesses to prioritize accessibility. Those who fail to do so risk costly lawsuits and miss the opportunity to build a more inclusive and equitable online presence. The time to act is now—and 216digital is here to help. Our team understands the complexities of ADA compliance and can guide you through every step of making your website accessible to all users. Contact 216digital today to learn how we can support your organization’s accessibility initiatives and help you stay ahead of rising ADA enforcement in 2025.
Greg McNeil

January 31, 2025

Legal Compliance

2025, ADA Compliance, ADA Lawsuit, ADA Lawsuits, ADA Website Compliance, web accessibility lawsuits
WCAG 2.1 and 2.2 Level AA Compliance Checklist
Making a website that works well for all visitors is very important. Whether people are using a screen reader, a keyboard instead of a mouse, or just browsing on a small phone, they should be able to enjoy your site without trouble. That’s where guidelines like WCAG 2.1 and WCAG 2.2 come into play. They help you figure out how to design and develop your website to be welcoming to everyone. This post will explore why these standards matter and provide a handy checklist to help you meet Level AA compliance.

What Are WCAG 2.1 and WCAG 2.2?

WCAG stands for Web Content Accessibility Guidelines. These guidelines are created by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), a group that works to improve the Internet. The goal is to help developers, designers, and website owners make web pages that people of all abilities can use.
- WCAG 2.1 focuses on areas like mobile accessibility, helping people with low vision, and simplifying things for those with cognitive or learning differences.
- WCAG 2.2 builds on 2.1, adding more ways to ensure websites are user-friendly across various assistive tools and devices.
When you aim for Level AA under these guidelines, you cover a wide range of barriers that many people face online. This level is a popular target because it helps most users get a smooth experience while staying realistic in terms of time and cost for website owners.

Why Accessibility Is Key

In the United States, many people look for websites they can use easily, even if they have different skills or use different devices. By following WCAG 2.1 and WCAG 2.2, you’re making sure your site can be seen, understood, and operated by everyone who lands on your pages. These guidelines improve the overall usability of your site, which can lead to happier visitors, more return traffic, and a stronger online presence.

Some people think accessibility features only help those with disabilities, but that isn’t the full story. For example, captions on videos help viewers in noisy places, and clear headings make pages easier to scan for everyone. In other words, these improvements can boost your site’s performance for all visitors, not just a few.

The Four Principles of WCAG

Both WCAG 2.1 and WCAG 2.2 focus on four main principles, often known as POUR:

Perceivable

People should be able to sense and process the information on your site. This includes making text large enough to read and providing text alternatives for images or audio.

Operable

Your site should be easy to interact with. This means visitors can use a keyboard instead of a mouse or stop and pause moving content if they need more time.

Understandable

Content should be simple to read and organized in a clear way. Consistent layouts and obvious labels help people find what they’re looking for.

Robust

A robust site works well across different devices and assistive technologies. Proper HTML structure and well-labeled elements are examples of ways to keep your site solid and flexible.

A Checklist for WCAG 2.1 and 2.2 Level AA Compliance

Below is a practical checklist to guide you. This list is not exhaustive, but it covers many key points to keep in mind when aiming for WCAG 2.2 Level AA.

1. Perceivable
1. Text Alternatives for Media
  - Add alt text to images that share important information. This lets screen readers describe images to users who can’t see them.
  - Provide transcripts or captions for audio and video content so people who are deaf or hard of hearing can follow along.
2. Color Contrast and Text Size
  - Ensure your text stands out against the background. A ratio of at least 4.5:1 is recommended for normal text and 3:1 for larger text.
  - Make sure text can be resized up to 200% without losing functionality or clarity.
3. Responsive and Flexible Layout
  - Design pages to work well on phones, tablets, and desktop screens.
  - Don’t rely on just color to convey meaning. For example, if you have error messages in red, also include an icon or text label that says “Error.”
2. Operable
1. Keyboard Navigation
  - Test your site using only a keyboard. You should be able to reach every link, button, and form field.
  - Make sure there are no “keyboard traps” where you can’t move forward or backward in a form or menu.
2. Focus Indicators
  - Provide a visible outline or highlight for the element in focus. This helps users see where they are on the page as they tab through it.
3. Timing and Movement Controls
  - If your site has slideshows, videos, or any moving parts, allow users to pause or stop them. This is especially important for people who need more time to read or interact.
4. Bypass Blocks
  - Include a “Skip to main content” link so users don’t have to tab through large menus every time.
  - Break your site into clear sections with headings or landmarks.
3. Understandable
1. Clear, Simple Language
  - Aim for short sentences and paragraphs. Organize content with headings, bullet points, or numbered lists.
  - Provide definitions or explanations for any unusual terms or abbreviations.
2. Consistent Navigation
  - Keep your menu and site structure similar across all pages. A consistent layout helps visitors learn and predict where things are.
3. Helpful Error Messages
  - If a visitor makes an error on a form (like entering an invalid email), explain the problem and how they can fix it.
  - Use clear wording for buttons. For example, instead of “Submit,” try something like “Send Message” if that’s what’s happening.
4. Robust
1. Semantic HTML and ARIA
  - Use proper HTML tags like <h1> for main titles and <h2> for subheadings. This helps screen readers and other tools understand your content’s structure.
  - If you have dynamic content like pop-up menus, consider using ARIA (Accessible Rich Internet Applications) labels to clarify these features.
2. Test with Assistive Tools
  - Try out screen readers like NVDA (Windows) or VoiceOver (Mac) on your site.
  - Check how your site behaves with magnifiers or voice control software.
3. WCAG 2.2 Highlights
  - Accessible Authentication: Try using a password manager or simpler login methods so you won’t have to memorize codes every time you log in.
  - Target Size: Interactive elements, like buttons and links, should be large enough (at least 24×24 CSS pixels) to tap comfortably. This is especially crucial for mobile devices.
  - Drag-and-Drop Options: If your website uses drag-and-drop features, provide keyboard-friendly ways to do the same task.
Testing Your Site

Even if you follow all these guidelines, it’s wise to test your site thoroughly. Here are a few suggestions:
- Automated Scanners: Tools like WAVE and Lighthouse can point out possible issues and give you quick fixes.
- Manual Checks: Use your site with a keyboard to see if you can tab through elements correctly. Also, turn off your monitor or close your eyes and see if you can rely solely on a screen reader to navigate.
- User Feedback: Ask real users to test your site. They can share their experiences and spot issues you might have missed.
Making Accessibility Part of Your Routine

Accessibility can feel like a big job at first, but it becomes easier when you build it into your normal process. Start small by fixing one area at a time—maybe improve the color contrast first, then add captions to videos, and so on. As you learn more about WCAG 2.1 and WCAG 2.2, you’ll discover that these changes often benefit everyone who uses your website.

Regularly updating and testing your site is also a good idea. Technology changes quickly, and new devices and browsers appear all the time. Staying up to date with best practices means your site will remain friendly and easy to use.

Conclusion

Following WCAG 2.1 and WCAG 2.2 Level AA guidelines is a great way to make your website more welcoming. This checklist helps you cover the basics—like text alternatives, keyboard navigation, and clear instructions—but it’s just the beginning. As you keep learning and improving, you’ll find more ways to create a site that everyone can navigate and enjoy.

Whether you’re a small business owner, a blogger, or a large company, making an accessible website helps you connect with more people and makes every visitor feel welcome. Check out these WCAG 2.2 tips and see how they can transform your site into a space everyone can enjoy!
Greg McNeil

January 30, 2025

WCAG Compliance

Accessibility, WCAG, WCAG 2.1, WCAG 2.2, WCAG Compliance, WCAG conformance, Web Accessibility, Website Accessibility
What Are Accessibility Statements and Why Use Them?

When was the last time you walked into a store and felt completely welcomed? Maybe there was a helpful sign at the entrance or a staff member who greeted you with a smile. Online, a similar sense of welcome can come from something called accessibility statements. These statements show people that everyone is invited to enjoy a website, app, or digital content. In this article, we’ll explore why accessibility statements are so important, what they include, and how you can make your online content—like marketing emails—more accessible.

Why Accessibility Statements Matter

At their core, accessibility statements are a way for organizations to say, “We care about everyone’s experience.” They let people know that your website or digital content tries to meet standards for accessibility. When you create accessibility statements, you show a commitment to making sure people with different needs can use your services. This helps build trust, especially for those who might worry about facing barriers online.

Here’s the cool part: accessibility statements encourage transparency. They explain what an organization has done to make things accessible, where there might still be challenges, and how users can ask for help. This open, honest style helps everyone feel more confident. People who use assistive technology—like screen readers—find these statements comforting because they know the site owners are aware of accessibility needs. It’s like having a friendly store greeter online.

The Main Ingredients of a Good Accessibility Statement

You might be wondering: What should accessibility statements include? While there isn’t a one-size-fits-all template, here are some common parts:

Purpose and Commitment

Clearly, say that you’re dedicated to making your website or content accessible to everyone. This is the “hello” handshake of your statement.

Standards and Guidelines

Mention which rules or guidelines you follow, like the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG). This shows people you’re serious about meeting global standards.

Areas of Success

List the parts of your website or content that already meet accessibility standards. This helps people know where they can expect a smooth experience.

Areas Needing Improvement

Nobody’s perfect! Let visitors know if there are certain parts of your site that you’re still working on. Honesty goes a long way in building trust.

Contact Information

Provide an easy way for people to reach out if they find something that isn’t accessible or if they have questions. An email address or contact form is often enough.

By including these elements in your accessibility statements, you show you’re doing more than just talking about inclusion—you’re taking tangible steps to make it happen.

Building Trust and Confidence

When organizations publish accessibility statements, they send a clear message: “We value you.” This is especially meaningful for people who have experienced barriers. Imagine if every time you tried to open a door, it was locked, or the handle was too high. That’s what using an inaccessible website can feel like. By stating your commitment, you give users hope and reassurance that they’re not forgotten.

Also, having a solid accessibility approach can help you follow the law. In some places, regulations require that websites meet certain accessibility standards. An accessibility statement can show you’re aware of these rules and are taking action. Plus, it’s simply the right thing to do—like offering a ramp for a wheelchair user, or providing large-print menus at a restaurant.

Making Marketing Emails Accessible

Let’s switch gears for a moment. While we focus a lot on websites, marketing emails are just as important. In fact, if your emails aren’t accessible, you might lose customers or readers—fast! But don’t panic. It’s not as hard as it sounds. Just as accessibility statements make a promise of inclusion, accessible emails extend that promise right into people’s inboxes.

Here are some steps to make your emails friendlier to all:

Use Clear Subject Lines

Keep your subject lines short and to the point. Screen readers usually announce them right away, so clarity helps everyone.

Include Alt Text for Images

When you add images, use alt text to describe them. If someone can’t see the picture, the alt text tells them what’s there. For example, if you have a picture of a happy dog with a party hat, you can say, “Happy dog wearing a birthday hat.”

Check Your Color Contrast

Make sure the text and background colors are easy to read. High contrast helps people with low vision or color blindness. For tips, check out W3C’s contrast guidelines (opens in a new window).

Use Descriptive Links

Instead of saying, “Click here,” try “Learn more about our new product.” This way, users with screen readers know where the link goes.

Use Headers and Simple Formatting

Break up your email content with headers or bulleted lists. This makes it easier for screen readers to move through the email. And honestly, it looks nicer for everyone.

For more detailed help, you might explore additional resources on email accessibility. These guides dive deeper into coding tips and best practices.

Keeping Things Technical but Simple

You might hear terms like “ARIA labels” or “semantic HTML.” Don’t let these scare you. “ARIA labels” help screen readers understand what a button or link does. “Semantic HTML” means using tags like <header> and <main> so assistive technologies know what each part of a page is.

For emails, focus on including alt text for images, using good color contrast, and providing meaningful link text. If you do want to explore more advanced techniques, you can find lots of resources online that explain them step by step. Just remember to breathe, keep it simple, and maybe have a snack handy while you learn—everyone needs a cookie break now and then!

Continuing Your Accessibility Journey

By creating accessibility statements and ensuring your marketing emails follow best practices, you make inclusion a top priority. But don’t stop there! Keep testing your site and emails. Ask for feedback from people who use assistive technology. Over time, you’ll learn what works best and be able to improve.

Sometimes, you might discover that something you thought was accessible actually needs fixing. That’s normal. Accessibility isn’t a single task—it’s an ongoing journey. Each update moves you closer to a space where every visitor or customer feels welcome.

The Final Click: Making Web Access a Reality

In the end, accessibility statements aren’t just documents—they’re promises that you care about all users, including those from marginalized communities. They show you’re transparent, ready to comply with legal standards, and excited to keep learning. These statements can spark real trust and encourage people of all abilities to engage with your brand or organization.

Adding accessible marketing emails to your strategy is the icing on the cake (or the chocolate chips in the cookie, if you prefer). It proves that you aren’t just talking the talk—you’re walking the walk in every channel. By sharing your accessibility goals, explaining your methods, and welcoming feedback, you create an online environment where everyone feels included.

So go forth and write that accessibility statement. Tweak those emails. Invite people in with open arms. Your users, customers, and future fans will thank you. And if you’re ready to get started, 216digital is here to help! Just fill out the contact form below, and let us know your goals or questions. Together, we’ll create an online space that makes everyone feel invited, included, and inspired.

Greg McNeil

January 29, 2025

Legal Compliance

Accessibility, Accessibility Statment, Benefits of Web Accessibility, Web Accessibility, Website Accessibility
Can Free Web Accessibility Tools Improve Your Website?
If you’re new to website accessibility, you might feel a bit overwhelmed by all the information out there. You may have heard about legal requirements, user experience best practices, and even some fancy-sounding tools. But where do you begin? Maybe you’re wondering if a few free tools can do everything you need or if you’ll have to hire an expert. Rest assured, even small improvements can have a huge impact on your audience. We’ve also rounded up some of the best free tools to get you started—so you can begin making a difference right away without breaking the bank. It’s all about progress over perfection, so let’s dive in!

What is a Website Accessibility Audit?

A website accessibility audit is a thorough evaluation of your website to identify barriers that might prevent people with disabilities from accessing your content. These barriers can include issues with navigation, readability, or compatibility with assistive technologies like screen readers. The goal of an audit is to ensure that everyone uses your website, regardless of their abilities.

Why Conduct a Website Accessibility Audit?

Before we jump into the free tools, let’s talk about why accessibility matters. For starters, it’s the right thing to do. Everyone deserves a fair shot at using the web. But it also has major perks for you:

Better User Experience

An accessible website isn’t just for people with disabilities; it improves the experience for all users. When users can quickly find what they need and interact seamlessly, they’re more likely to stay longer, return, and even convert. Simply put, good accessibility means a smoother, more satisfying experience for all.

Higher Search Engine Rankings

Search engines favor websites with a clear structure and good usability, which means accessibility improvements can also boost your SEO.

Legal Compliance

Many regions, including the United States, have laws requiring websites to be accessible. Conducting regular accessibility audits helps ensure your site meets standards like the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), reducing legal risks and reinforcing your commitment to inclusivity.

By using web accessibility tools, you can tackle these challenges in a manageable way. It’s all about finding the issues, understanding them, and fixing them one step at a time.

Top Free Web Accessibility Tools

Now, let’s explore some of the best free web accessibility tools out there. These tools can give you a snapshot of common issues—like color contrast problems or missing headings—and help you decide what to fix first.

1. WAVE (Web Accessibility Evaluation Tool)

WAVE is a free browser extension and online service. You just plug in your site’s URL, and it gives you a report. WAVE highlights issues in real-time, pointing out where you might need better alt text or labeling. It also marks contrast errors. Because it’s from WebAIM, you know the tool has a solid background in accessibility guidelines.

How to Use WAVE
- Visit the WAVE website.
- Enter your website URL or upload a file.
- Review the visual feedback and detailed report to identify and fix issues.
2. Google Lighthouse

Google Lighthouse is built right into the Google Chrome browser. If you open your site, press the “F12” key (on Windows), and head to the “Lighthouse” tab, you can run an accessibility audit. It scores your site on things like color contrast, proper headings, and more. It’s not perfect, but it’s a great jumpstart in your journey to a more accessible site.

How to Use Google Lighthouse
- Open your website in Google Chrome.
- Right-click and select “Inspect” to open DevTools.
- Navigate to the “Lighthouse” tab.
- Choose the “Accessibility” category and run the audit.
- Analyze the generated report and address the highlighted issues.
3. Contrast Checker by WebAIM

Ever squinted at text because it was too light? The Contrast Checker helps you avoid that by testing color pairs. You type in your text color and background color, and it tells you if they meet the WCAG (Web Content Accessibility Guidelines) standards. This is one of those web accessibility tools that’s simple but very effective.

How to Use the Contrast Checker
- Go to the WebAIM Contrast Checker page.
- Enter the foreground (text) and background color values.
- The tool will indicate whether the contrast ratio meets WCAG standards.
4. Accessibility Insights

Accessibility Insights is a free, open-source tool from Microsoft. It offers both automated checks and guided manual tests. The automated checks are quick and easy, while the guided process teaches you how to find deeper issues. This makes it one of the more beginner-friendly web accessibility tools out there.

Practical Steps to Improve Your Website’s Accessibility

Using these free web accessibility tools is just the beginning. After you get your scan results, you need to take action. Here are a few steps you can start with:
1. Add Alt Text to Images: Make sure every image has a helpful text description. This is especially important if the image contains meaningful information.
2. Use Proper Headings: Structure your content with <h1> for titles, <h2> for main sections, and so on. This helps screen reader users navigate your pages.
3. Check Color Contrast: Use a tool like Contrast Checker by WebAIM to ensure your text is visible against its background.
4. Label Your Forms: Make sure all form fields have clear labels. This helps screen reader users fill out forms without confusion.
5. Add Descriptive Link Text: Avoid vague text like “click here.” Instead, describe what the link leads to, such as “View our Accessibility Guide.”
Keep in mind that these improvements benefit everyone, not just users with disabilities. People browsing on mobile devices, for example, appreciate clear structure and easy-to-read text, too.

Technical Explanations Made Simple

WCAG

The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines are like the rules of the road for website accessibility. They tell you the best practices for things like color contrast, keyboard navigation, and more.

Screen Readers

These are programs that read text on a screen aloud for people who can’t see the content. If your site is poorly structured, screen readers may stumble, making your site frustrating or even impossible to use.

ARIA Tags

ARIA (Accessible Rich Internet Applications) tags help make dynamic content accessible. If you have dropdown menus or pop-up windows, ARIA can signal to assistive technologies how those elements should behave.

By understanding these basics, you can go beyond just automated scans and make meaningful changes.

The Limitations of Free Tools

As great as these free web accessibility tools are, they can only do so much. They mostly check for errors that can be caught by automated rules. They might flag missing alt text or color contrast issues, but they can’t always figure out the context of an image or the logic behind a complex form. They also can’t simulate how a person using a screen reader or keyboard-only navigation might interact with your site. In fact, automated scans can only detect around 30% of accessibility errors. That means you’ll still have hidden issues that only a real user with assistive technology or a skilled reviewer can uncover.

It’s a bit like relying on a spelling checker to edit a long report. Sure, it catches most misspellings, but not the misused words or awkward sentences. You still need a human editor to clean it up completely.

Moving Forward With a More Inclusive Website

Free web accessibility tools give you a fantastic starting point. They shine a light on basic issues and help you learn the ropes of website accessibility. But remember that these scans only catch about a third of the barriers your visitors might face. That’s why a deeper dive—like manual testing, user feedback, and expert reviews—is so important.

By taking these first steps, you’re already showing you care about providing an inclusive and welcoming space for everyone. Ready to keep going? We at 216digital can help you take your accessibility journey to the next level. Whether you need a more comprehensive audit, expert guidance, or hands-on assistance, our team is here to make sure your site truly meets the needs of all users. Reach out today, and let’s keep building a more accessible web—together!
Greg McNeil

January 28, 2025

Testing & Remediation

Accessibility, Accessibility testing, automated testing, evaluation tools, Web Accessibility, Web accessibility tools
Common Barriers Found in Accessibility Monitoring
Have you ever tried to use a website or open an email, only to find that some parts are impossible to read or use? That’s exactly what happens to people who face accessibility barriers online. Web accessibility is all about making sure digital content can be used by everyone, including people with disabilities. It covers things like readable text, clear navigation, and even how images are described for those who rely on screen readers.

A great way to keep your website or marketing emails user-friendly for all is through routine accessibility monitoring. Think of accessibility monitoring as a regular check-up that catches problems before they become bigger headaches. This practice is not just about following rules; it’s about ensuring your audience feels valued and included.

The Importance of Ongoing Accessibility Monitoring

Accessibility is an evolving target. Standards shift, technologies change, and user needs grow more complex. That’s why a one-time audit is rarely sufficient. Instead, incorporating accessibility monitoring into your regular workflow offers multiple benefits:

Early Issue Detection

When you track accessibility metrics continuously, you can detect and address accessibility gaps before they become widespread or lead to costly legal issues. This proactive approach helps avoid major overhauls, saving both time and money.

Improved User Experience

The best user experiences are built on consistency and reliability. When a website is accessible, it isn’t just beneficial for users with disabilities—it enhances the site’s overall usability, making it more intuitive and enjoyable for everyone.

Brand Reputation and Trust

Demonstrating a commitment to inclusivity can significantly bolster your brand reputation. Users who find your platform welcoming are more likely to trust your brand, return for future visits, and recommend you to others.

Regulatory Compliance

Accessibility regulations, such as the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) in the U.S. or the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) internationally, are increasingly enforced. Routine monitoring ensures your site remains in compliance, mitigating the risk of legal action or damage to your brand image.

Common Accessibility Barriers Identified

Accessibility issues can vary widely from site to site. However, accessibility monitoring consistently highlights some recurring problem areas. Below are a few of the most common explanations of why they matter.

Missing Alternative (Alt) Text for Images

Alt text (or “alternative text”) is a short written description of an image, embedded in the HTML using the alt attribute. This text is essential for screen readers to convey the meaning of the image to users who cannot see it.

Why It Matters
- A user who relies on assistive technology may only hear “image” or “graphic” if alt text is not provided.
- Missing alt text not only harms accessibility but also impacts SEO, as search engines use alt text to understand image context.
Solution

Always add descriptive alt text that explains what’s in the image. For example, “A smiling person holding a coffee cup,” rather than “coffee-cup.jpg.”

Insufficient Color Contrast

Color contrast refers to the ratio between the foreground (text or important elements) and the background. Low contrast can make text and interface elements nearly unreadable for users with visual impairments.

Why It Matters
- Users with color vision deficiencies, low vision, or even older monitors can struggle to perceive low-contrast elements.
- Poor contrast reduces readability and increases user frustration, potentially leading to lost conversions for e-commerce sites.
Solution

Use color contrast tools to check your text and background combinations. Aim for contrast ratios that meet WCAG standards, like a ratio of at least 4.5:1 for most text.

Keyboard Navigation Failures

Not everyone navigates a website using a mouse or a trackpad. Many rely on their keyboard (or keyboard-like devices) to move through links, buttons, and form fields.

Why It Matters
- If a website’s interactive elements are not properly coded for tab or arrow-key navigation, users with motor impairments or who rely on screen readers can become “stuck” on the site or unable to complete essential tasks.
- In e-commerce, this can cause significant revenue loss if customers cannot move through the purchase funnel without a mouse.
Solution

Make sure you can move between all clickable or interactive elements using the keyboard alone. This includes things like buttons, links, and form fields.

Missing Form Input Labels

Forms with missing or unclear labels can create major barriers. Users relying on assistive technology might not understand what data each form field requires.

Why It Matters
- For e-commerce, if a prospective buyer cannot fill out billing and shipping forms, they simply can’t complete a purchase.
- Proper labeling reduces errors, cart abandonment, and user frustration.
Solution

Always pair form fields with clear and descriptive labels. For instance, “First Name” should clearly label the first name field.

Missing or Improperly Structured Headings

Headings (e.g., <h1>, <h2> provide a logical structure for your content, enabling users with screen readers to navigate effectively.

Why It Matters
- Screen readers often rely on heading tags to jump to different sections of the page.
- A lack of proper hierarchy can make content confusing and time-consuming to navigate, especially if headings are out of order (e.g., an <h3> directly following an <h1>).
What Monitoring Reveals

Accessibility monitoring tools and manual audits can uncover pages with mismatched headings, missing headings, or headings used for stylistic purposes rather than structural ones.

Benefits of Accessibility Monitoring for Web Developers and Ecommerce Managers

Whether you’re responsible for building new platforms or maintaining existing ones, the benefits of accessibility monitoring extend far beyond mere compliance:

Reduced Development Bottlenecks

Identifying and fixing accessibility concerns early in the development process prevents technical debt from piling up. Smaller, more manageable updates are generally simpler to implement, saving development resources in the long run.

Increased Conversion Rates

Accessibility improvements often go hand in hand with better user experience. A site optimized for all users naturally boasts higher conversion rates because it eliminates unnecessary friction in the user journey.

Stronger Data

By continuously tracking accessibility metrics, you gain insight into how people actually use your site. This data can help shape design decisions and user research, contributing to a more holistic product strategy.

Mitigated Legal Risks

In many regions, having an inaccessible website can lead to lawsuits or fines. Ongoing monitoring demonstrates due diligence and places you in a stronger legal position if accessibility complaints arise.

Recommended Tools for Accessibility Monitoring

With various platforms and user scenarios to consider, it’s impossible to cover accessibility manually alone. Thankfully, a range of tools exist to help simplify this process:

Automated Accessibility Scanners
- WAVE: A browser extension that highlights accessibility issues right on the page and offers detailed explanations.
- Accessibility Radar (a11y.Radar): An advanced accessibility scanning tool that provides comprehensive reports on accessibility compliance. It integrates seamlessly with development workflows, allowing for continuous monitoring and real-time feedback during the development process.
- Google Lighthouse: An open-source, automated tool for improving the quality of web pages. It includes accessibility audits that evaluate elements like color contrast, ARIA attributes, and more, offering actionable insights to enhance your site’s accessibility.
Color Contrast Analyzers
- Contrast Checker by WebAIM: Allows you to input foreground and background colors to see if they meet WCAG guidelines.
- Accessible Colors: This gives you suggestions on how to modify your color palette for better contrast.
Screen Reader Testing
- NVDA (Windows), VoiceOver (Mac/iOS), and TalkBack (Android) are commonly used screen readers. Testing your site with these tools ensures a real-world perspective.
CI/CD Integration
- GitHub Actions or GitLab CI: Integrate accessibility checks into your development pipeline so that new commits automatically trigger testing for accessibility regressions.
Best Practices to Maintain an Accessible Website

A robust monitoring strategy is only as good as the actions you take based on its findings. Below are some best practices to ensure that your site remains inclusive:

Make Accessibility Part of Your Design Process

Rather than retrofitting accessibility at the end, consider accessibility from the start. Involve accessibility specialists, if possible, during the wireframing and design phases.

Prioritize Semantics and Structure

Use HTML elements according to their intended purposes. Properly labeled headings, lists, and form fields help both users and assistive technologies make sense of your content.

Adhere Strictly to WCAG Standards

Aim for WCAG 2.1 AA compliance at a minimum. Familiarizing yourself and your team with these guidelines reduces guesswork and ensures you’re meeting widely recognized standards.

Incorporate Regular Training

All team members, from designers to content writers, should understand the basics of accessibility. This ensures a unified approach and reduces the likelihood of new barriers being introduced.

Schedule Routine Audits

Even if your tools are robust, manual reviews are still invaluable. Implement a monthly or quarterly accessibility review process to catch anything automated tools might miss, such as nuanced usability concerns.

Create an Accessibility Statement

Let users know your site strives for accessibility. Provide them with a clear channel to report issues, demonstrating that you value their feedback and are committed to continuous improvement.

Conclusion

Maintaining a website that is usable and delightful for everyone requires consistent attention to accessibility. Through routine accessibility monitoring, you can uncover the most common barriers—like missing alt text, color contrast issues, and keyboard navigation failures—and address them long before they negatively impact the user experience or invite legal complications.

216digital offers a variety of accessibility monitoring solutions and packages. If you’d like to know more, please reach out using the contact form below.
Greg McNeil

January 27, 2025

Web Accessibility Monitoring

a11y.Radar, Accessibility, Accessibility monitoring, Web Accessibility, web accessibility monitoring, Website Accessibility
Web Accessibility: Making Drop-Down Menus User-Friendly
Drop-down menus are a staple in website navigation, offering a compact way to organize and access multiple links. But while they streamline user experience, they can also create significant barriers if not designed with accessibility in mind. For users who rely on screen readers, keyboard navigation, or other assistive technologies, a poorly implemented menu can turn a simple browsing experience into a frustrating ordeal.

This article will guide website owners, developers, and content creators on how to create accessible drop-down menus that enhance usability for all users. We’ll cover foundational accessibility principles, best coding practices, and testing methods to ensure your menus are inclusive and user-friendly.

Foundational Accessibility Principles for Drop-Down Menus

To build accessible drop-down menus, start by understanding core web accessibility principles. Here are the three most critical aspects:

1. Use Semantic HTML

Semantic HTML ensures that content is meaningful and properly interpreted by assistive technologies. Instead of using <div> or <span> elements for interactive components, use appropriate HTML elements like:
- <nav> for navigation sections
- <ul> and <li> for menu structures
- <button> to toggle drop-down visibility
For example:
```
<nav>
  <button aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" id="menuButton">Menu</button>
  <ul id="menu" hidden>
    <li><a href="#">Home</a></li>
    <li><a href="#">About</a></li>
    <li><a href="#">Services</a></li>
    <li><a href="#">Contact</a></li>
  </ul>
</nav>
```
2. Ensure Keyboard Navigation

Users who navigate via keyboard should be able to open, close, and move through the menu using the Tab and arrow keys. Ensure the following behaviors:
- The menu should open with Enter or Space when focused on the toggle button.
- The Esc key should close the menu.
- Arrow keys should allow navigation within the menu items.
3. Use ARIA Roles and Attributes Wisely

ARIA (Accessible Rich Internet Applications) attributes help convey additional information to screen readers. However, improper use can create confusion. Apply ARIA roles correctly:
- aria-haspopup="true" indicates that a button controls a drop-down menu.
- aria-expanded="false" updates dynamically when the menu is opened or closed.
- role="menu" and role="menuitem" clarify the structure.
Example implementation:
```
<button aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" id="menuButton">Menu</button>
<ul id="menu" role="menu" hidden>
  <li role="menuitem"><a href="#">Home</a></li>
  <li role="menuitem"><a href="#">About</a></li>
  <li role="menuitem"><a href="#">Services</a></li>
</ul>
```
Structuring Accessible Drop-Down Menus

Now that we’ve covered the principles, let’s implement an accessible drop-down menu using HTML, CSS, and JavaScript.

1. Toggling Visibility

A menu should only be visible when needed. Use JavaScript to control visibility:
```
const menuButton = document.getElementById('menuButton');
const menu = document.getElementById('menu');
menuButton.addEventListener('click', () => {
  const expanded = menuButton.getAttribute('aria-expanded') === 'true';
  menuButton.setAttribute('aria-expanded', !expanded);
  menu.hidden = expanded;
});
```
2. Managing Focus for Keyboard Users

When a menu opens, focus should shift inside it. When it closes, focus should return to the toggle button:
```
toggle button:
menuButton.addEventListener('click', () => {
  menu.hidden = !menu.hidden;
  menu.hidden ? menuButton.focus() : menu.querySelector('a').focus();
});
```
3. Enabling Smooth Keyboard Interactions

To navigate the menu with arrow keys, use this approach:
```
menu.addEventListener('keydown', (event) => {
  const items = [...menu.querySelectorAll('a')];
  let index = items.indexOf(document.activeElement);
  
  if (event.key === 'ArrowDown') {
    event.preventDefault();
    index = (index + 1) % items.length;
    items[index].focus();
  } else if (event.key === 'ArrowUp') {
    event.preventDefault();
    index = (index - 1 + items.length) % items.length;
    items[index].focus();
  } else if (event.key === 'Escape') {
    menu.hidden = true;
    menuButton.focus();
  }
});
```
Testing Your Drop-Down Menus for Accessibility

1. Screen Reader Testing

Use a screen reader like NVDA (Windows), VoiceOver (Mac), or JAWS to ensure:
- Menus are announced properly.
- aria-expanded updates correctly.
- Navigation follows expected patterns.
2. Keyboard Testing

Try navigating your menu using only the keyboard. Ensure:
- Tab reaches the menu.
- Enter or Space opens the menu.
- Arrow keys move between items.
- Esc closes the menu.
3. Contrast and Readability

Ensure proper color contrast between text and background. Use tools like the WebAIM Contrast Checker to verify compliance with WCAG 2.1 standards.

Best Practices for Creating Intuitive Menus
- Keep It Simple: Avoid deep nesting that makes menus cumbersome.
- Ensure Mobile Friendliness: Use larger touch targets for better usability.
- Avoid Hover-Only Menus: They exclude keyboard users and some assistive technology users.
- Provide Visual Indicators: Show clear changes when menus expand or collapse.
Conclusion

By using semantic HTML, managing focus properly, implementing ARIA roles correctly, and rigorously testing your menus, you can ensure they work for all users, regardless of ability.

Accessible drop-down menus not only improve usability but also make your site more welcoming to all visitors. Implement these best practices today and make your navigation barrier-free!

If you’re ready to take the next step toward digital inclusion, reach out to 216digital to schedule an ADA briefing. We’ll help you assess your website, develop a tailored plan, and guide you through the process of building an online presence that works for everyone. Don’t wait—contact us today and let’s make the internet a more accessible place together.
Greg McNeil

January 24, 2025

How-to Guides

Accessibility, drop-down menus, How-to, WCAG, Web Accessibility, web developers, web development
ADA Lawsuits Are Changing: What It Means for You
In 2024, digital accessibility became a critical focus for businesses as ADA compliance lawsuits revealed new challenges and risks. While the number of lawsuits stayed high, the strategies behind them shifted in surprising ways. These changes underscored the growing need for businesses to stay proactive, not just reactive, about accessibility.

Whether you’re a business owner, developer, or part of an e-commerce team, understanding these trends can help you avoid legal pitfalls and create a better online experience for everyone. In this article, we’ll explore how ADA compliance lawsuits evolved from 2023 to 2024 and share practical steps to safeguard your business.

The Rise and Shift of ADA Lawsuits for Websites

In 2023, there were more than 4,500 website-related ADA lawsuits—continuing an upward trend from previous years. By 2024, that number stayed significant, with over 4,000 filings. However, the real story lies in how these cases progressed. While federal lawsuits dipped slightly, state-level claims surged, catching some businesses off guard.

But where are these lawsuits happening most often? Understanding the geographic hotspots for ADA litigation can give businesses insight into where compliance is under the most scrutiny—and help them prepare accordingly.

Geographic Hotspots

New York again stood out as a hotspot for ADA lawsuits. Favorable state laws and a high concentration of plaintiff law firms contributed to a spike in litigation there. California remained a close second, largely due to its “physical nexus” requirement that often ties digital accessibility to brick-and-mortar stores. For businesses operating or selling in these states, the message was clear: staying ahead of accessibility standards is crucial to reduce legal exposure.

Widgets and Overlays Don’t Cut It

It came as no surprise in 2024 that accessibility widgets and overlays repeatedly fell short of their promises. Many of these so-called “quick fixes” only mask deeper barriers instead of truly solving them—an approach that inevitably leaves websites vulnerable to lawsuits. Over 1,000 businesses discovered this the hard way last year, getting hit with legal action despite having widgets in place.

Why Do Overlays Fail?

Widget typically offer superficial features like text-to-speech or color contrast settings, but they don’t fix the underlying coding errors—unlabeled buttons, broken forms, or improper heading structures—that truly affect users with disabilities. Plaintiffs and their attorneys have become more vigilant in spotting these shortcomings, and rightfully so. If a website is rife with barriers, a widget can’t make it magically accessible. Instead, a holistic approach that addresses root design and development problems is the only reliable way to ensure your site is inclusive and shielded from legal challenges.

Even beyond the issues with overlays, businesses faced another growing challenge in 2024: repeat lawsuits.

The Growing Challenge of Repeat Lawsuits

One of the most alarming trends of 2024 was the rise in repeat lawsuits. Around 40% of lawsuits targeted businesses that had already been sued. Yup, repeat lawsuits are on the rise, and they’re exposing a common problem.

Many companies settle a case, fix a few issues, and then move on. But if you only patch up one part of your site—or ignore your mobile app and subdomains—you’re leaving the door wide open for another round of ADA lawsuits.

The lesson here is pretty clear: you need a comprehensive approach to accessibility. That means reviewing every part of your online presence, not just the parts that got flagged before.

Why E-Commerce Websites Were the Hardest Hit

Just like in 2023, e-commerce businesses were a favorite target for ADA lawsuits in 2024. It’s not hard to see why.

Online stores change all the time—new products, fresh promotions, and constant updates. But every tweak and addition is an opportunity for accessibility issues to sneak in. If your product images don’t have alt text or your checkout page isn’t screen reader-friendly, you’re putting up barriers for customers.

And here’s the kicker: it’s easy for plaintiffs to prove harm when they can show they couldn’t complete a purchase because of these barriers. That makes e-commerce sites a prime target.

The takeaway? Prioritize accessibility. It’s not just about avoiding lawsuits—it’s about making shopping easier and more enjoyable for everyone.

What You Can Do to Avoid ADA Lawsuits

So, what’s the game plan for staying out of trouble? Here are some practical steps to help you avoid ADA lawsuits:
1. Audit Your Site Regularly: Use tools to check for issues like missing alt text, poor keyboard navigation, or inaccessible forms. And don’t stop at automated tools—manual checks are just as important.
2. Work With Accessibility Pros: Partner with experts who can guide you through the process of making your site compliant.
3. Educate Your Team: Train your developers, designers, and content creators on accessibility best practices. The more they know, the fewer issues they’ll create.
4. Involve Real Users: Test your site with people who use assistive technologies. Their feedback is invaluable.
5. Ditch the Widgets: Instead of relying on overlays, invest in long-term fixes that address the root of your accessibility challenges.
Accessibility: A Legal Requirement and a Moral Choice

The rise in ADA lawsuits from 2023 to 2024 proves that accessibility isn’t going away. If anything, the pressure to comply will only grow, especially with new guidelines like WCAG 2.2 and increased enforcement from the Department of Justice.

But accessibility isn’t just about avoiding lawsuits. It’s about making the internet a more inclusive space. When your website is accessible, you’re opening your doors to everyone, regardless of ability.

Don’t leave accessibility to chance. At 216digital, we specialize in helping businesses like yours navigate the complexities of digital accessibility. From comprehensive audits to ongoing support and monitoring through our a11y.Radar tool, we’ve got you covered. Let us help you stay compliant, reduce your risk, and create a website that works for everyone.

Take the first step today—schedule your ADA compliance consultation with 216digital. Together, we’ll build a more inclusive digital experience for your business and your customers.
Greg McNeil

January 23, 2025

Legal Compliance

2024 accessibility lawsuits, Accessibility, ADA Lawsuit, ADA Lawsuits, web accessibility lawsuits, Website Accessibility
Legal Compliance for Websites: A Guide to Accessibility
Legal compliance for websites is a key step toward building a welcoming digital space.

When you create a website, you want as many people as possible to enjoy it. This goal includes users with disabilities who may rely on assistive technology.

This guide will explain the main laws and guidelines that affect website accessibility. It will also share tips on how to keep your site compliant. By the end, you will have a better grasp of how to protect your business and create a better online experience.

Why Accessibility Matters

Accessibility is about making sure that all users, including those with disabilities, can interact with your website. People have different needs. Some use screen readers to hear text read aloud, while others navigate websites by keyboard or voice commands.

When your website is accessible, you open your doors to a bigger audience. You also reduce legal risks. Many businesses have faced lawsuits for failing to meet these standards. A commitment to legal compliance and accessibility can improve customer trust and brand image.

Major Accessibility Laws in the United States

1. Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)

The ADA is a civil rights law that bans discrimination based on disability in many areas of public life. Though it does not mention websites directly, courts often view online spaces as public places. This means that business websites need to be usable by people with disabilities.

A growing number of lawsuits focus on ADA website violations.

Businesses in retail, hospitality, and beyond have faced legal action. By prioritizing legal compliance and following accepted guidelines, you can lower this risk and help more people access your site’s content.

2. Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act

Section 508 applies to federal agencies and other organizations that receive federal funding. It requires that electronic and information technology, including websites, be accessible. This standard guides agencies on what to do, and it also helps private businesses learn from these rules.

If you work with government agencies, Section 508 legal compliance might be required in your contracts. This can impact design choices and the tools you use to develop your website.

International Regulations

You may operate in more than one country, or you might have users from around the world. Different regions have their own accessibility laws. A few common examples include:
- European Accessibility Act (EAA): Covers digital products and services in the European Union.
- Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act (AODA): Requires organizations in Ontario, Canada, to meet set standards.
- Australian DDA (Disability Discrimination Act): Digital accessibility is included in its guidelines.
These laws share a common goal: allowing all people, regardless of ability, to take part in online activities.

Consequences of Non-Compliance

Failure to follow these standards can lead to serious problems for your business.
1. Legal Risks: Lawsuits can be expensive. Defending even one lawsuit can cost tens of thousands of dollars or more, depending on the complexity of the claims.
2. Reputational Damage: People may avoid businesses that do not serve all users equally. This can lead to negative press or social media criticism.
3. Lost Opportunities: Many potential customers have disabilities. If they cannot use your website, they will go elsewhere.
WCAG includes different levels of compliance: A, AA, and AAA. Many legal compliance guidelines suggest aiming for WCAG 2.1 Level AA. This level covers the most common issues without being too restrictive for most businesses.

The Role of WCAG in Accessibility

The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG), created by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), are the most widely accepted standards for web accessibility. They are built around four main ideas:
1. Perceivable: Users must be able to see or hear your content in some form. This includes captions for videos and text alternatives for images.
2. Operable: Your site’s features must be usable by different input methods, such as a keyboard.
3. Understandable: Both the content and design should be clear.
4. Robust: The site should work well with various assistive technologies, like screen readers.
WCAG includes different levels of compliance: A, AA, and AAA. Many legal guidelines suggest aiming for WCAG 2.1 Level AA. This level covers the most common issues without being too restrictive for most businesses.

Best Practices to Maintain Legal Compliance

Run an Accessibility Audit

Start by checking the current state of your website. Several free and paid tools can evaluate your site’s accessibility. Examples include:
- WAVE: Highlights problem areas on your pages.
- Google Lighthouse: Checks performance and accessibility within Google Chrome.
Automated scans are helpful, but combine them with real user tests if possible.

Fix Common Barriers

After your audit, address any problem areas. Common fixes include:
- Adding alt text to images.
- Correcting color contrast so the text is easier to read.
- Ensuring forms and buttons are usable by keyboard navigation.
If your videos or audio files do not have captions or transcripts, add them.

Train Your Team

Everyone who posts content or updates your website should know basic accessibility practices. Teach them how to add alt text, format headings correctly, and keep color contrast in mind. Regular training prevents future mistakes that can harm accessibility.

Adopt a Clear Design and Layout

Use consistent headings, simple menus, and clear labels on your forms. This supports users who rely on screen readers or have cognitive challenges. It also creates a more pleasant experience for all users.

Review and Update Regularly

Websites change over time. New pages, features, or media can create fresh challenges. Perform routine reviews to catch any new issues. Keep track of updates to WCAG or other legal compliance guidelines.

Practical Tools to Assist with Accessibility
- Screen Readers (NVDA, JAWS): Let you hear how your site sounds to a user with visual impairments.
- Color Contrast Checkers (WebAIM): Show you if your text and background colors meet recommended contrast levels.
- Keyboard Testing: Move through your site using only a keyboard. Watch for traps or areas where you cannot reach buttons and links.
These tools help you spot issues quickly. They also help you confirm that your fixes are working as expected.

Additional Resources

If you need more guidance, look into these sources:
- WebAIM (Web Accessibility in Mind): Provides tutorials and articles on creating inclusive websites.
- The A11Y Project: A community-driven site with accessibility resources, tips, and tools.
- W3C Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI): The official home of WCAG, plus other technical resources.
Learning about accessibility is an ongoing process. Changes in technology and updates to the law mean there is always more to discover.

Moving Forward with an Inclusive Approach

Making your website accessible isn’t just about legal compliance—it’s about creating a space where everyone feels welcome. By keeping accessibility in mind, you’re not just protecting your business; you’re also showing your customers that you value their experience and needs.

Accessibility doesn’t have to be overwhelming. Start with small, intentional steps to improve your site and keep building from there. If you’re unsure where to start or want guidance, let us help. Schedule an ADA briefing with 216digital and get practical advice tailored to your business. Together, we can make your website an inclusive and inviting space for all users.
Greg McNeil

January 22, 2025

Legal Compliance

Accessibility, ADA, EAA, Legal compliance, Section 508, WCAG, WCAG Compliance
Accessibility Testing: Prioritize Fixes That Truly Matter
Accessibility can feel like an overwhelming mountain to climb. Every round of accessibility testing uncovers new problems—some obvious, others hidden deep in the code or design. Where do you start when everything seems important? What if you tackle the wrong issue first, leaving users still stuck?

These questions are important, and the answers can transform how your website serves all visitors. This guide isn’t just about fixing problems—it’s about focusing your efforts where they matter most. By exploring WebAIM’s four-level severity framework, you’ll learn how to prioritize issues effectively and make meaningful progress toward an inclusive website. Let’s dive in and figure this out together.

WebAIM’s Four-Level Severity Framework

WebAIM (Web Accessibility in Mind) categorizes accessibility issues into four levels of severity based on their impact on users. These categories help prioritize fixes by focusing on barriers that significantly affect user experience and access.

Critical Issues

Critical issues completely block users from accessing specific parts of your website or performing essential tasks. Addressing these issues should be the highest priority. Examples include:
- Interactive elements, such as buttons or form inputs, that cannot be reached or activated using a keyboard.
- Videos without captions, which exclude users who are deaf or hard of hearing.
- Content that flashes or strobes in a way that could cause seizures for individuals with photosensitive epilepsy.
To prevent these barriers, developers should prioritize using accessible, native HTML elements and perform thorough accessibility testing, including keyboard and screen reader evaluations, during the development process.

Significant Issues

Significant issues do not entirely block access but make interacting with the website cumbersome or frustrating for users. Examples include:
- Missing visual focus indicators, which make it challenging for keyboard users to identify the currently focused element.
- Poor color contrast that makes text difficult to read for users with visual impairments.
These issues disrupt the user experience and should be addressed soon after critical issues to enhance accessibility.

Moderate Issues

Moderate issues require users to expend unnecessary effort or time to navigate and interact with web content but do not entirely impede access. Examples include:
- Lack of properly structured semantic HTML, such as headings and regions, which slows navigation for screen reader users.
- Generic or vague descriptive link text (e.g., “Click here”) that fails to describe the destination or action clearly.
- Animations that lack user controls, making it difficult for some users to focus on other content.
Comprehensive accessibility testing ensures these moderate issues are identified and addressed to improve usability for all users.

Minor Issues

Minor issues do not create significant barriers but contribute to a polished and professional user experience when resolved. Examples include:
- Slight inconsistencies in focus styles for keyboard navigation.
- Overuse of ARIA attributes, such as redundant tabindex values on elements that are already focusable.
While not urgent, fixing minor issues during routine updates demonstrates attention to detail and commitment to accessibility best practices.

Step-by-Step Guide to Prioritizing Accessibility Fixes

Feeling unsure where to start? Don’t worry—you’re not alone. Here’s a simple plan to categorize and tackle accessibility issues step by step:

1. Conduct a Comprehensive Accessibility Audit

Begin by testing your site with tools like WAVE and Lighthouse. Then, complement these results with manual testing—navigate your site with a keyboard, try a screen reader, and zoom your browser window. Automated tools catch many issues, but hands-on testing uncovers usability challenges they miss.

2. Categorize Issues by Severity

Use WebAIM’s framework to prioritize fixes:
- Critical issues should top your list, as they directly prevent access.
- Serious issues come next, addressing significant usability gaps.
- Moderate and minor issues can be grouped for later phases.
A structured approach to accessibility testing ensures the most pressing barriers are resolved first.

3. Consider the Impact on Your Audience

Think about how each issue affects your users. For example, missing alt text on product images affects a wide audience and should take precedence. If you have user feedback, use it to identify pain points that need urgent attention.

4. Focus on High-Traffic and High-Value Pages

Start your efforts where they’ll have the greatest impact:
- Homepage and landing pages.
- Key interaction points like forms or checkout pages.
- Frequently accessed resources such as blogs or FAQs.
By targeting these areas during accessibility testing, you ensure that the improvements benefit the largest number of users.

5. Use a Phased Approach for Moderate and Minor Issues

After resolving critical and serious issues, create a plan for tackling moderate and minor ones. For instance:
- Update heading structures during new content creation.
- Fix descriptive link text during routine content reviews.
Breaking these tasks into smaller phases makes the process manageable and less overwhelming.

6. Test and Retest

After making fixes, conduct accessibility testing again. If possible, involve users with disabilities to confirm your solutions work in real-world scenarios. Their feedback is invaluable and can guide future improvements.

Tools and Techniques for Effective Accessibility Testing

A good mix of tools and techniques ensures you catch both technical and usability issues. Here’s what to try:
- Automated Tools: WAVE and Lighthouse are great for spotting common errors.
- Manual Testing: Use a keyboard or screen reader to experience your site like some users do.
- Color Contrast Checkers: WebAIM’s Contrast Checker ensures text is easy to read.
- User Testing: Working with people who have disabilities provides first hand insights.
Why Prioritization Matters

Prioritizing fixes has clear benefits:
- Faster Results: You can address critical barriers quickly and make your site accessible sooner.
- Better Use of Resources: Time and budget go toward solving high-impact problems.
- Happier Users: Fixing severe issues first improves usability for everyone.
Taking things one step at a time, with regular accessibility testing, makes the process less overwhelming and helps you steadily improve your site.

Final Thoughts

Accessibility can feel like a big undertaking, but it doesn’t have to be. By focusing on the most critical barriers first and conducting consistent accessibility testing, you can make real progress without burning out. Accessibility isn’t a one-time project—it’s an ongoing commitment to creating a better digital experience for all.

Imagine how many more people could enjoy your site if it were accessible to everyone. Whether you’re a developer, IT director, or content creator, each step you take helps make the web a more inclusive place.

And you don’t have to do it alone. 216digital is here to help. From audits to ongoing accessibility testing and monitoring, we’ll guide you every step of the way. Together, we can create a website that’s user-friendly, inclusive, and aligned with the latest standards. Schedule your consultation today, and let’s get started making your site the best it can be!
Greg McNeil

January 21, 2025

How-to Guides

Accessibility, Accessibility testing, automated testing, How-to, WebAIM, Website Accessibility
Why Legal Compliance for Websites Matters in Canada
Imagine landing on a website and feeling stuck because you can’t navigate it properly, read the content, or interact with its features. Frustrating, right? Now imagine that being your daily reality. For many people with disabilities, this is how they experience the web.

That’s where web accessibility comes in. It’s about making sure everyone—regardless of ability—can use websites with ease. Not only is this the ethical thing to do, but it’s also a requirement for legal compliance for websites in Canada and beyond.The good news? It’s easier to achieve than you might think, and it comes with benefits that go far beyond ticking a legal box.

Why Web Accessibility Matters

Web accessibility ensures that everyone, including people with disabilities, can use your website effectively. In Canada, over one in five people have a disability. By making your website accessible, you’re opening it up to a wider audience, improving your SEO, and building a stronger brand.

Failing to address accessibility can exclude potential users, harm your reputation, and even lead to fines or lawsuits. But accessibility isn’t just about avoiding risks—it’s about fulfilling legal compliance for websites and showing you care about inclusivity while meeting the needs of all your customers.

It also gives your business a competitive edge. Many Canadians prefer to support brands that align with their values, including social responsibility. In fact, 25% of Canadian consumers choose brands that demonstrate inclusivity. Making your website accessible shows you’re committed to these values and helps build trust with your audience.

Accessibility Laws in Canada: What You Need to Know

Canada’s federal and provincial laws require businesses to make their websites accessible. All these laws align with the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG), creating a consistent standard nationwide. Below is a quick overview:
- Accessible Canada Act (ACA): Aims for a barrier-free Canada by 2040. Federal organizations must remove barriers, including those on websites.
- Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act (AODA): Requires Ontario businesses to meet WCAG 2.0 Level AA by 2025. Non-compliance can result in fines of up to $100,000 per day.
- Accessibility for Manitobans Act: Focuses on removing barriers, including in technology, with WCAG compliance and staff training required.
- Nova Scotia Accessibility Act: Aims for a fully accessible province by 2030, with penalties up to $250,000 for violations.
- Accessible British Columbia Act: Requires websites to meet WCAG standards, with full implementation by 2024.
These laws emphasize legal compliance for websites to create inclusive digital spaces while highlighting the risks of non-compliance, such as significant fines and damage to your brand’s reputation.

What is WCAG?

The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG), developed by the Wide Web Consortium (W3C), are the global standard for creating accessible websites. These guidelines provide a framework for ensuring that web content is usable by people with a wide range of disabilities, including visual, auditory, physical, speech, cognitive, and neurological disabilities.

WCAG is built on four core principles, ensuring that websites are:
- Perceivable: Content must be presented in ways that all users can perceive, whether through sight, hearing, or touch.
- Operable: Navigation and interaction must be functional using various input methods, such as keyboards, voice commands, or assistive devices.
- Understandable: Information and the operation of the user interface should be clear and intuitive.
- Robust: Websites must work with a variety of assistive technologies, including screen readers and text magnifiers
The guidelines are structured across levels of compliance: A (basic), AA (intermediate), and AAA (advanced). For instance, under laws like AODA, Ontario businesses must meet WCAG 2.0 Level AA standards.

Why Accessibility is a Smart Move for Canadian Retailers

Let’s talk business for a minute. Canadians with disabilities represent a market with over CAD 55 billion in annual purchasing power. Making your website accessible means you’re opening your doors to this massive audience.

Accessibility also tackles common issues like shopping cart abandonment. Did you know the average cart abandonment rate is 70%? For users with disabilities, it’s probably even higher—often due to frustrating website designs. By improving accessibility, you’re making it easier for everyone to shop with you, which can boost your sales.

On top of that, Canadians expect brands to align with their values. Studies show that 16% of consumers will stop supporting businesses that don’t prioritize social responsibility. Making your site inclusive sends a clear message: you care about your customers, and you’re committed to doing the right thing.

Why Accessibility Benefits Everyone

When you make your website accessible, you’re not just meeting legal compliance for websites—you’re gaining a ton of other advantages:
- Inclusivity: Your website becomes usable for everyone.
- Better SEO: Search engines love accessible websites, so you’re more likely to rank higher.
- Wider Audience: You’re opening up your site to millions of Canadians with disabilities.
- Stronger Brand Image: Being inclusive shows you care about your customers.
- Legal Protection: You’ll avoid fines and lawsuits, while building a more user-friendly site.
Steps to Make Your Website Accessible

Not sure where to start? Here’s a simple game plan to get your site on the right track:
1. Audit Your Site: Use tools like WAVE and Lighthouse to spot accessibility issues.
2. Learn WCAG Standards: Get familiar with WCAG 2.0 or 2.1 Level AA guidelines.
3. Fix the Basics: Add alt text to images, ensure keyboard navigation works, and include captions for videos.
4. Get Feedback: Work with users who have disabilities to test your site.
5. Educate Your Team: Train your staff on accessibility best practices.
6. Call in the Pros: Accessibility consultants can help with trickier issues.
7. Stay Updated: Keep up with changes in accessibility standards and laws.
The Risks of Ignoring Accessibility

Skipping accessibility isn’t just a bad look—it’s risky business. For example, AODA violations can cost corporations up to $100,000 a day. But the financial cost is just part of the problem.

An inaccessible website can damage your reputation and alienate a large chunk of your audience. People want to support brands that align with their values, and being seen as inaccessible could send them straight to your competitors.

Building a More Inclusive Future

Legal compliance for websites is more than a regulatory checkbox—it’s an opportunity to create a welcoming digital space for everyone. By prioritizing accessibility, you not only expand your audience but also demonstrate your commitment to inclusivity and social responsibility. Canadians value businesses that align with their beliefs, and web accessibility is a clear way to build trust and loyalty while fostering meaningful connections with your customers.

Achieving accessibility doesn’t have to be overwhelming. Simple steps like conducting audits, adhering to WCAG standards, and training your team can make your website more inclusive and user-friendly for all. Accessibility isn’t just about meeting legal requirements—it’s about creating a future where everyone can participate equally in the digital world.

Ready to take the next step? Partner with 216digital for expert guidance on legal compliance for websites. From comprehensive audits to ongoing support, we’ll help you achieve compliance and build a more inclusive online experience. Schedule your ADA briefing today!
Greg McNeil

January 20, 2025

Legal Compliance

Accessibility, accessibility laws, AODA, Canada, International Accessibility Laws, Legal compliance, Website Accessibility
Accessibility in JavaScript: A Developer’s Guide
JavaScript has revolutionized web development, enabling developers to create interactive and dynamic websites. However, these enhancements can also introduce significant accessibility barriers if not implemented thoughtfully. For web developers and eCommerce managers, ensuring that JavaScript-powered features are accessible isn’t just about compliance—it’s about creating an inclusive experience for all users.

This guide explores the essential techniques, testing methods, and best practices to ensure that JavaScript features meet accessibility standards and improve usability for everyone.

Why Accessibility in JavaScript Matters

Interactive JavaScript elements, such as modals, dropdown menus, and dynamic content updates, can be challenging for users with disabilities. Poorly implemented JavaScript can break keyboard navigation, confuse screen readers, or cause focus management issues, creating barriers that exclude a portion of your audience.

By prioritizing accessibility, developers can:
- Meet Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG).
- Improve user experience for everyone, including users with disabilities.
- Reduce the risk of legal action related to accessibility non-compliance.
- Expand your website’s audience and customer base.
Common Accessibility Barriers in JavaScript

Before diving into solutions, let’s examine some common accessibility pitfalls associated with JavaScript:
1. Keyboard Inaccessibility: Many JavaScript features rely on mouse interactions, neglecting users who navigate with a keyboard.
2. Focus Management Issues: Improper handling of focus can disorient users, especially when triggering modals, popups, or dynamic content.
3. Unlabeled ARIA Roles: Dynamic elements without proper ARIA roles and attributes can confuse screen readers.
4. Non-Compliant Custom Widgets: Custom components like sliders, tabs, or accordions often fail to replicate the functionality of their native HTML counterparts.
5. Content Updates Without Notifications: Dynamic content changes that are not announced to assistive technologies leave users unaware of critical updates.
Best Practices for Accessible JavaScript

To make your JavaScript-powered features inclusive, follow these best practices:

1. Ensure Keyboard Accessibility

All interactive elements must be operable using only a keyboard. Consider the following:
- Use semantic HTML elements like <button>, <a>, and <input>, which have built-in keyboard support.
- Add tabindex= "0" to custom elements to make them focusable.
- Avoid tabindex values greater than 0, which can disrupt the natural tabbing order.
- Implement custom keyboard interactions for widgets like dropdowns and modals. For example, allow users to close a modal with the Escape key.
2. Manage Focus Properly

Focus management is critical when working with dynamic content. Here’s how to handle it:
- Set Initial Focus: When opening a modal, move focus to the first interactive element within it.
- Trap Focus: Prevent users from tabbing out of an open modal.
- Restore Focus: Return focus to the triggering element when the modal is closed.
- Avoid Focus Loss: Ensure that dynamically added content doesn’t cause focus to disappear.
3. Use ARIA Responsibly

Accessible Rich Internet Applications (ARIA) can enhance screen reader compatibility, but misuse can lead to confusion. Follow these guidelines:
- Use ARIA Roles: Assign roles like role= "dialog" for modals or role= "menu" for dropdowns.
- Add ARIA States: Use attributes like aria-expanded, aria-hidden, and aria-live to convey element states to assistive technologies.
- Don’t Overuse ARIA: Avoid using ARIA when semantic HTML can achieve the same result.
4. Announce Dynamic Content Updates

For screen reader users, dynamically updated content must be announced clearly:
- Use aria-live regions to alert users to changes in content.
- Set the aria-live attribute to “polite” for non-urgent updates or “assertive” for critical changes.
- Avoid excessive announcements, which can overwhelm users.
5. Test Custom Widgets Thoroughly

If you create custom widgets, ensure they mimic the behavior of native elements:
- Use the WAI-ARIA Authoring Practices Guide as a reference.
- Make widgets focusable, operable via keyboard, and compatible with screen readers.
- Test with multiple assistive technologies and devices to ensure broad accessibility.
Testing JavaScript for Accessibility

Accessibility testing is an essential part of development. Use the following tools and methods to identify and address accessibility issues:

Automated Tools
1. Lighthouse (built into Chrome DevTools): Provides a quick audit of accessibility issues.
2. WAVE: Highlights accessibility problems directly on your webpage.
Manual Testing

Automated tools can’t catch every issue, so manual testing is critical:
- Keyboard Navigation: Ensure all interactive elements are focusable and operable with the Tab and Enter keys.
- Screen Readers: Test your website with screen readers like NVDA, JAWS, or VoiceOver.
- Focus Indicators: Verify that focus indicators are visible and intuitive.
Real-World Scenarios

Test your website with users who rely on assistive technologies. User feedback can uncover issues that developers might overlook.

Meeting WCAG Requirements

To comply with WCAG, focus on these key guidelines:

Perceivable
- Ensure text alternatives for images and icons.
- Provide captions for video content.
Operable
- Make all functionality available via a keyboard.
- Avoid content that flashes more than three times per second.
Understandable
- Use clear labels and instructions.
- Ensure consistent navigation and predictable interactions.
Robust
- Use valid HTML and ARIA attributes to ensure compatibility with assistive technologies.
Benefits of Accessible JavaScript

Implementing accessible JavaScript goes beyond compliance. It delivers tangible benefits, such as:
- Improved User Experience: Accessible features make your website easier to use for everyone.
- Increased Market Reach: Approximately 16% of the world’s population lives with some form of disability. Accessibility ensures they can engage with your website.
- Better SEO: Many accessibility improvements, like proper headings and alt text, also enhance search engine rankings.
- Legal Compliance: Meeting accessibility standards helps protect your business from lawsuits and reputational damage.
Conclusion

It is far easier to create accessible JavaScript from the onset rather than trying to fix it as an afterthought if you are armed with the proper knowledge.

Stay informed about evolving standards like WCAG and remain proactive in integrating accessibility into your development workflow. If you’re unsure if your JavaScript is accessible or are looking for an implementation partner who is focused on accessibility, reach out to 216digital using the contact form below.
Greg McNeil

January 17, 2025

How-to Guides

Accessibility, How-to, JavaScript, Web Accessibility, web developers, Website Accessibility
How to Use JAWS for Screen Reader Testing
For millions of people with visual impairments, screen readers like Job Access With Speech (JAWS) are essential for navigating the digital world. According to a 2024 WebAIM survey, JAWS continues to lead the way as one of the most widely used screen readers, with 41% of respondents relying on it—outpacing other tools like NonVisual Desktop Access (NVDA) and Apple VoiceOver.

If you’re focused on building an accessible digital experience, incorporating screen reader testing into your workflow is a must. Not only does it help you create a more inclusive website, but it also supports compliance with accessibility laws like the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), WCAG standards, and more.

In this guide, we’ll break down how to use JAWS for accessibility testing, explore essential commands, and share tips for improving your website’s usability. But first, a quick look at what makes it such a powerful tool.

What is JAWS?

JAWS, developed by Freedom Scientific, is a screen reader that converts on-screen text into speech or braille for users who are blind or visually impaired. It allows users to navigate websites, applications, and documents without needing to see the screen.

JAWS is one of the most popular screen readers globally, making it an essential tool for web accessibility testing. By simulating how users rely on assistive technologies, JAWS helps you identify barriers that may prevent someone from fully engaging with your website.

Why is JAWS Essential for Accessibility Testing?

Accessibility testing is about ensuring everyone, regardless of ability, can interact with your website. JAWS plays a vital role in this process because:
- Real-World Simulation: JAWS mimics how many visually impaired users experience the web, allowing you to uncover issues that automated tools might miss.
- WCAG Compliance: Testing with JAWS helps ensure your website complies with the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG), a global standard for digital accessibility.
- Improved User Experience: By identifying and fixing accessibility barriers, you create a more inclusive, user-friendly experience for all visitors.
How to Set Up JAWS
1. Download and Install JAWS: Visit the Freedom Scientific website to download JAWS. While it’s a paid tool, a 40-minute free demo mode is available for testing purposes.
2. System Requirements: Ensure your computer meets the system requirements. JAWS works on Windows but does not support macOS directly.
3. Set Up Your Environment: Use headphones to listen while testing so the screen reader’s output doesn’t interfere with other tasks.
4. Familiarize Yourself with the Settings: Spend time exploring the settings menu to adjust speech rate, verbosity, and other preferences.
Key JAWS Commands You Need to Know

Learning a few essential JAWS commands will make testing faster and more effective. Here are some basics to get you started:
- Navigating Headings: Press H to jump to the next heading and Shift + H to go to the previous heading.
- Lists: Press L to move to the next list and I to navigate to individual list items.
- Links: Use Tab to navigate through links or Insert + F7 to bring up a list of all links on the page.
- Forms: Press F to jump to the next form field and Shift + F to go to the previous one.
- Read the Page: Use Insert + Down Arrow to read the page continuously or Arrow Keys for manual reading.
Step-by-Step Guide to Testing Web Accessibility with JAWS

Start with the Homepage

Open your website’s homepage and let JAWS read through it. Check if the content flows logically and whether important elements, like headings and links, are announced correctly.

Test Navigation

Use the Tab key to navigate through links and interactive elements. Ensure focus indicators are visible and links are descriptive (e.g., “Learn More” should specify the action or page it leads to).

Evaluate Headings

Press Insert + F6 to bring up a list of headings. Verify that they are hierarchical and descriptive, making it easier for users to navigate.

Check Forms

Navigate through form fields using the F key. Test for proper labeling, keyboard navigation, and error message announcements.

Test Images and Alt Text

JAWS will read the alt text of images. Ensure images have descriptive alt text and that decorative images are marked appropriately (e.g., as null or empty).

Assess ARIA Roles and Landmarks

Use JAWS to test ARIA roles, landmarks, and live regions. Verify that these elements provide meaningful context to screen reader users.

Document Issues

As you test, document any barriers you encounter, such as missing alt text, unclear link descriptions, or inaccessible forms. Include the steps to replicate the issue and suggest solutions.

Tips for Effective JAWS Testing
- Pair with a Keyboard-Only Test: Ensure your website is fully navigable using only a keyboard, as this is crucial for screen reader users.
- Listen Critically: Pay attention to how JAWS announces content. Confusing or incomplete announcements signal a need for improvement.
- Focus on User Experience: Think about how easy it would be for a JAWS user to accomplish key tasks on your website, such as making a purchase or finding contact information.
- Test Multiple Pages: Don’t stop at the homepage. Test a variety of pages, including forms, product pages, and blogs.
Limitations of JAWS

While JAWS is an invaluable tool for accessibility testing, it has limitations:
- Cost: It is expensive, which may be a barrier for smaller teams or independent developers.
- Learning Curve: The abundance of commands and settings can be overwhelming for beginners.
- Not a Catch-All Solution: JAWS testing alone cannot guarantee accessibility compliance. It’s essential to pair it with other tools and techniques.
Why JAWS Should Be Paired with Other Tools

JAWS provides critical insights, but no single tool can capture all accessibility issues. Consider pairing it with:
- Automated Testing Tools: Tools like WAVE and Lighthouse can quickly identify common issues, such as missing alt text or low contrast.
- Other Screen Readers: Testing with multiple screen readers, such as NVDA or VoiceOver, ensures compatibility across platforms.
- Manual Testing: Involve users with disabilities in your testing process to gain authentic feedback.
Building a More Inclusive Web

Testing your website with JAWS is a powerful step toward creating an inclusive digital environment. By understanding how screen reader users interact with your content, you can uncover barriers and make meaningful improvements. Remember, accessibility is not just about compliance—it’s about creating a web that works for everyone.

While JAWS is a fantastic tool, it should be part of a broader accessibility strategy that includes other tools, user testing, and a commitment to following WCAG guidelines. With the actionable insights from this guide, you’re well on your way to improving your website’s accessibility and making a positive impact on all your users.

Let’s work together to make the web a more inclusive place!

Need help with accessibility testing? If you’re ready to take your accessibility efforts to the next level, 216digital can help. Our team specializes in comprehensive accessibility solutions that go beyond surface fixes. Schedule an ADA briefing with us today by using the contact form below. Let’s work together to make your website accessible to everyone.
Greg McNeil

January 16, 2025

How-to Guides, Testing & Remediation

Accessibility testing, assistive technology, How-to, JAWS, screen readers, user testing
Web Accessibility: A Must for Small Businesses
Ever wonder if your website might be quietly turning people away?

As a small business owner, you already have plenty to juggle—so it’s easy to think web accessibility isn’t a top priority. But what if ignoring it costs you sales, hurts your reputation, and even puts you at risk for legal trouble?

The good news is that it’s never too late to start. By making your site accessible to everyone, you can reach more customers, show you care about every visitor, and stand out in a crowded market. Let’s explore why web accessibility matters and how simple steps can make a big difference for your business.

What Is Web Accessibility?

Web accessibility means designing websites so everyone can use them, including people with disabilities. It involves making sure your site works for those relying on screen readers, keyboard navigation, or other assistive tools. This includes people who have visual or hearing impairments, limited mobility, or cognitive differences.

But accessibility benefits more than just people with disabilities. It also helps those with temporary injuries, older devices, or slow internet, and those who can’t hear audio in noisy places. By following standards like the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG), your small business can create a smoother, more inclusive online experience for every visitor.

Why Accessibility Matters for Small Businesses

Reach More Customers

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) says that more than 1 in 4 adults in the United States have some type of disability. That’s a huge group of potential customers who may struggle with a site that isn’t accessible. But accessibility also helps others—like older adults, people with temporary injuries, or those using slow internet.

By making your site easier to use, you can connect with a bigger, more diverse audience. In fact, studies show that businesses that focus on accessibility can see up to a 20% increase in their customer base.

Improve Your SEO

Did you know that accessible websites can rank higher in search results? Search engines favor sites that are easy to read and navigate. Features like clear headings, alt text for images, and proper HTML tags not only help users but also boost your SEO.

For example, the radio program This American Life added transcripts for each episode, increasing search traffic by almost 7%. By making your site more accessible, you, too, can improve your visibility and attract more organic traffic.

Build a Better Brand

People today care about inclusivity. A 2023 study showed that 70% of consumers prefer brands committed to diversity and inclusion. By making your website accessible, you show that you value every customer. This builds trust and loyalty, setting you apart from other businesses.

Avoid Legal Risks

The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) requires businesses to make their services, including websites, accessible. If you don’t, you might face expensive lawsuits. In 2024, over 4,000 ADA lawsuits were filed, and more than 33% targeted small businesses.

Why the focus on small businesses now? First, there are more small businesses overall. Second, large companies have been dealing with accessibility lawsuits for years, so many have strong accessibility programs already in place. Settlements can cost anywhere from $10,000 to $100,000—plus legal fees. By making your site accessible now, you can avoid these risks and show customers you care.

Don’t Let Cost Hold You Back

Improving accessibility takes time and money, but it doesn’t have to break the bank. Start with the biggest issues, like adding alt text or fixing color contrast. These small changes can make a huge difference. Plus, if you’re in the U.S., you may qualify for the Disabled Access Credit to help with costs.

Including accessibility from the start also saves money later. You won’t need expensive redesigns or add-ons if you prioritize accessibility now. Accessible sites often run more smoothly, which can reduce hosting and maintenance costs in the long run.

Practical Steps to Start Your Accessibility Journey

Feeling overwhelmed? Don’t worry—you can begin with small, simple steps:

Check Your Site’s Accessibility

Regularly audit your website for accessibility issues. There are free tools like WAVE and Google Lighthouse that can help you identify problems, such as missing alt text for images. For a deeper look, think about hiring an accessibility expert.

Stay Informed and Up-to-Date

Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) and best practices can evolve over time. Stay informed about any changes and make updates to your website as necessary to remain compliant.

Train Your Team

Train your staff, especially those involved in website management and content creation, about web accessibility. This helps create a culture of inclusivity and ensures that accessibility remains a priority.

Offer Accessible Customer Support

Provide different ways for people to contact you—phone, email, or live chat. Make sure these options are usable by everyone, including people with assistive devices.

How Accessibility Helps Your Business

When you make your website accessible, you can:
- Increase Sales: If your site is easier to use, more people will stay and buy.
- Boost Customer Loyalty: People remember brands that make them feel included.
- Strengthen Your Brand: Being known for inclusivity helps you stand out.
Take the First Step

Starting your journey toward accessibility doesn’t have to be scary. Take small actions, keep improving, and celebrate your wins. The benefits—like reaching more customers, getting better SEO results, and strengthening your brand—are worth the effort.

At 216digital, we will help develop a strategy to integrate WCAG 2.1 compliance into your development roadmap on your terms so that you can focus on what matters: your business. Don’t wait—make your website accessible now. Schedule an ADA briefing with us to get started!
Kayla Laganiere

January 15, 2025

The Benefits of Web Accessibility

Accessibility, ADA Compliance, Benefits of Web Accessibility, Small Business, Website Accessibility
Web Accessibility Compliance Under the Equality Act
Digital accessibility is about ensuring everyone can use your website—no exceptions. While most U.S. website owners focus on ADA compliance, a lesser-known yet impactful piece of legislation from across the pond is the Equality Act 2010. Let’s dive into how this U.K. law impacts your digital space and how you can make your website an inclusive haven for everyone.

Understanding the Equality Act 2010

The Equality Act 2010 is a U.K. law aimed at protecting individuals from discrimination in areas like employment, education, and access to services. It ensures equal opportunities for all, regardless of disability, age, gender, race, or religion.

Although the Act doesn’t mention websites specifically, the “reasonable adjustments” principle applies to digital platforms. If you’re serving U.K. customers, ensuring everyone can navigate your site is your obligation.

How Does the Equality Act Apply to Web Accessibility?

Reasonable adjustments under the Equality Act could look like:
- Screen reader-friendly navigation: Help visually impaired users navigate through your site.
- Color contrast that pops: Make text stand out for those with visual challenges.
- Captions and transcripts: Add these to videos and audio files for hearing-impaired users.
- Keyboard navigation: Ensure people who can’t use a mouse can still explore every corner of your site.
Failing to meet these expectations could result in legal trouble. Plus, it’s likely to leave users frustrated.

Why Should U.S. Website Owners Care?

The internet has no borders. You’re in the Equality Act’s jurisdiction if your website gets U.K. visitors. Accessibility isn’t just about avoiding lawsuits. It’s about:
- Expanding your audience: More accessibility means more customers.
- Boosting your brand: Inclusivity is a good look for any business.
- Improving user experience: Accessible sites work better for everyone. Think faster loading and easier navigation.
Steps to Achieve Web Accessibility Compliance

1. Adopt WCAG Standards

Start with the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG 2.1 AA or WCAG 2.2). Key highlights include:
- Text alternatives: Describe images for screen readers.
- Adaptable layouts: Ensure your site looks great on all screen sizes.
- Color contrast: Make text legible against its background.
- Keyboard navigation: Interact with all the elements on your site without requiring a mouse.
2. Conduct an Accessibility Audit

Run your site through tools like WAVE or Google Lighthouse to spot barriers. Pair this with manual testing—real users with disabilities will catch things that machines miss. Pay extra attention to:
- Navigation menus (don’t let these turn into a digital labyrinth).
- Forms and fields (labels and instructions should be crystal clear).
- Media files (videos need captions, images need alt text).
3. Implement Inclusive Design Practices

Accessibility isn’t a retrofit—it’s part of the blueprint. Here’s how:
- Use readable fonts and scalable text sizes.
- Structure content with clear headings.
- Make buttons big enough to click without precision aiming.
4. Train Your Team

Your developers and designers are the architects of accessibility. Offer training so they can:
- Write stellar alt text. No “image.jpg” placeholders!
- Test new features for accessibility.
- Create forms and tables that work for everyone.
5. Monitor and Update Regularly

Web accessibility isn’t a one-and-done deal. Use tools like a11y.Radar for ongoing monitoring. Keep tweaking as tech evolves.

Benefits of Web Accessibility

Making your site accessible isn’t just a nice thing to do. It’s smart business. Here’s why:
- Expand Your Audience: Capture the attention of millions of users with disabilities.
- Boost SEO: Accessible sites rank better on Google.
- Enhance User Experience: Accessibility features often make navigation a breeze for everyone.
- Mitigate Legal Risks: Stay on the right side of the law while avoiding reputation hits.
Common Pitfalls to Avoid
- Relying Solely on Overlays: Widgets can lead to more barriers for visually impaired users and future litigation.
- Ignoring Mobile Users: Accessibility applies to all devices.
- Skipping User Testing: Automated tools miss the human touch.
Take Action Today

The Equality Act 2010 highlights the importance of inclusivity, even in the digital world. By embracing accessibility, you’re not just complying with laws—you’re inviting everyone to do business with you.

Start by adopting WCAG standards, auditing your site, and building accessibility into your design process. Need help? Tools like a11y.Radar and expert resources can guide you every step of the way.

Remember, making your website accessible isn’t just about obligation—it’s an opportunity to connect with a broader audience and create a truly welcoming online space.
Kayla Laganiere

January 14, 2025

Legal Compliance

Accessibility, Equality Act, International Accessibility Laws, WCAG, Web Accessibility
WAVE Accessibility Tool: A Step-by-Step Guide
Have you ever clicked on a website and felt completely lost—like the menus were in hidden corners, or the text was so tiny you had to squint? Sometimes, the root of that problem is an accessibility issue. Put simply, a site might not be built in a way that everyone can use comfortably. That’s where WAVE comes in. WAVE (short for Web Accessibility Evaluation Tool) helps detect areas on your website with barriers and provides you with tips on how to fix them. It’s free, easy to use, and super handy for making sure your site works for everyone.

If you’ve never heard of WAVE or used it before, don’t worry—you’re not alone! In this guide, we’ll break it down step by step and show you how it can make your website better, clearer, and more user-friendly. Let’s dive in!

What Is the WAVE Accessibility Tool?

So, what exactly is WAVE? Created by WebAIM, this free tool looks for possible problems on any webpage and points them out. Think of it like a traffic light system for your site’s accessibility. If there’s a red light, it means an issue needs immediate attention—like missing text descriptions for images (which can be a big deal for screen reader users). If something’s in yellow, it could be a warning sign that may or may not become a problem.

But what makes WAVE so remarkable is its visual approach: it marks up your page with icons and colored boxes so you can spot issues right where they happen. It also highlights structural elements—like headings, landmarks, and ARIA attributes—to ensure your website is logically organized and easy to navigate. No more digging through code and guessing what went wrong. Just click, glance, and fix!

Key Features of WAVE Accessibility Tools

Browser Extensions

If you’re a fan of quick-and-easy solutions (who isn’t?), you’ll love WAVE browser extensions. You can add them to Chrome or Firefox with just a few clicks. Once that’s done, go to any webpage, hit the WAVE icon in your toolbar, and boom—you get an instant report without switching tabs. It’s perfect for those of us who like minimal fuss.

Online WAVE Tool

If extensions aren’t your thing or you’re using a borrowed computer, don’t worry. WAVE also has an online tool. All you have to do is visit the WAVE website, copy the link to the page you want to test and paste it. Within seconds, you get a full-page view loaded with accessibility markers. This approach keeps you flexible, especially if you switch devices a lot.

Visual Feedback

One of the best parts of WAVE is how it breaks down what might be going wrong. Errors, warnings, and even things that are working just fine each get their own unique symbols. You’ll see icons, colors, and outlines placed directly on top of the webpage elements. This visual overlay system helps you zero in on issues (like missing alt text or poor contrast ratios) more quickly than poring over raw code.

Accessibility Panels

After WAVE loads your page, you can explore different panels to learn more:
- Summary Panel: This shows you how many errors, alerts, and features were found.
- Structure Panel: Gives you a rundown of your headings, lists, and how the page is organized. This is super helpful for seeing whether screen readers will read your page in a logical order.
- Details Panel: Goes deeper by explaining each issue and how to fix it. If you’re the type of person who likes step-by-step instructions, you’ll feel right at home here.
How to Use WAVE Effectively

Getting Started

First things first: pick your favorite way to use WAVE. If you like convenience, grab the Chrome or Firefox extension. If you’d rather not install anything, head straight to the online WAVE site. From there, it’s as simple as entering your page’s URL. Once you see your page covered with icons, you’ll know you’re in business.

Running an Analysis

When you launch WAVE, it basically scans the webpage in front of you and marks all the potential issues. Think of it like a helpful friend pointing out the spinach in your teeth—except here, it’s pointing out an image without alt text or headings that aren’t in the right order. You might see red icons (these are errors), yellow icons (warnings), or other symbols that highlight good features, too. Scroll down to make sure you don’t miss any marks hiding at the bottom of the page.

Interpreting Results

Getting an A+ in accessibility can feel like unlocking a secret achievement! But sometimes, your first scan with WAVE might bring up a list of errors longer than you’d hoped. Don’t panic. Errors typically mean your site is missing something important, like proper labels for form fields or headings that make sense. Warnings, on the other hand, are more like gentle taps on the shoulder, suggesting a potential issue.

You’ll also see that WAVE links these issues to specific guidelines from the WCAG (Web Content Accessibility Guidelines). That might sound fancy, but it basically helps you follow official rules, so you’re not just guessing how to fix stuff.

Prioritizing Fixes

So, you’ve got a bunch of red and yellow icons—where do you even start? Focus on the red ones first (the errors). Fix things like missing alt text or form labels right away since those directly affect how people access and use your content. Next, tackle the warnings. You might spot patterns, like repeated heading problems across several pages. Fixing them in one swoop can save you a lot of time.

Exporting and Sharing Results

If you’re part of a team, you’ll probably want to show your coworkers what needs fixing. WAVE makes this easy—there’s an option to export the report or share a link to the scanned page. This can be a lifesaver when you need to prove to a manager that certain design choices might be causing trouble for users. Plus, it keeps everyone on the same page—literally!

Strengths and Limitations of WAVE

WAVE is user-friendly, offers quick visual feedback, and gives both beginners and experienced developers something to love. It’s like having a built-in teacher who highlights mistakes and nudges you toward the right answers.

What It Does Well
- Highlights errors and warnings right on the page.
- Teaches you about accessibility by explaining each issue.
- Checks for essential elements like color contrast, heading hierarchy, and ARIA attributes.
- It works within your browser or online, so no extra files are needed.
Where It Falls Short
- Single-Page Focus: WAVE is excellent for testing one page at a time but isn’t designed to crawl an entire site in one go.
- Scope of Automation: Automated checks can’t evaluate everything—like the clarity of your alt text or how user-friendly your navigation is. Manual testing is still essential, especially for things like complex JavaScript interactions.
- Not a Magic Fix: WAVE won’t fix issues for you—it only shows you what to work on. Consider it a trusty sidekick, not a fully automated superhero.
Best Practices for Using WAVE

Combine with Other Tools

While WAVE is incredible, consider also using tools like Google Lighthouse or Accessibility Radar (a11y.Radar). The more eyes on your site, the better.

Manual Testing Matters

Automated tools can catch a lot of problems, but human testing can uncover hidden barriers—like confusing navigation menus or unclear copy. Think of WAVE as your first line of defense, not the only line.

Train Your Team

If you’re not the only one updating the website, make sure others know how to read and understand WAVE reports. Accessibility is more manageable when everybody’s on board.

Start Early

Don’t wait until your site goes live to test for accessibility. Use WAVE during the design phase so you can catch significant issues before they become big headaches.

Make It Part of a Bigger Strategy

Use WAVE as the baseline for your accessibility plan. Re-run tests after making changes and encourage feedback from real users. Over time, you’ll build a more inclusive experience.

That’s a Wrap: Waving Goodbye to Barriers

Making your site accessible is really about welcoming everyone—whether they use screen readers, need larger text, or want a smoother experience. WAVE takes the guesswork out of finding those hidden roadblocks. It shows you exactly where to focus your efforts, helping you make fast progress toward a more inclusive website.

As powerful as WAVE is, remember that it’s only one piece of the puzzle. Combining WAVE’s insights with manual testing, user feedback, and other evaluation tools like Axe or Lighthouse will give you a well-rounded approach to accessibility. Over time, you’ll find that accessibility isn’t just about rules and standards—it’s about caring for the people visiting your site. Happy scanning, and may your website become a place where everyone feels right at home!
Greg McNeil

January 13, 2025

Testing & Remediation, Web Accessibility Monitoring

Accessibility, Accessibility testing, automated testing, WAVE, Web Accessibility
The EAA Lands in June
The European Accessibility Act (EAA) is set to shake things up for businesses operating in the European market. Starting in June 2025, the EAA will require companies to meet strict accessibility standards for websites, mobile apps, and digital products. If you’re working in or serving customers in the European Union (EU), this isn’t just about meeting requirements—it’s a chance to grow your reach and create better digital experiences for everyone.

Let’s dive into what the EAA is all about, why it matters, and how you can get ready for this significant change.

What is the European Accessibility Act?

The EAA is a groundbreaking law aimed at ensuring equal access to products and services across the European Union. Enforced by individual EU member states, it applies to a wide range of digital and physical products, including websites, mobile apps, software, and e-commerce platforms. The primary goal of the EAA is to eliminate barriers for people with disabilities and promote inclusivity and equal participation in society.

The EAA establishes clear accessibility requirements for businesses operating within the EU and harmonizes standards across member states. This ensures consistent accessibility efforts while simplifying compliance for companies working across the EU. For online businesses, compliance is guided by EN 301 549, the technical standard that serves as the foundation for meeting EAA requirements.

Scope of the EAA

The EAA’s web accessibility covers a broad range of applications such as:
- Websites and mobile apps
- E-books and online publications
- ATMs, ticketing, and check-in machines
- E-commerce platforms
EN 301 549: The Technical Backbone of the EAA

At the heart of the EAA’s web compliance is EN 301 549, a technical standard based on W3C’s Web Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG). These standards provide a clear framework for ensuring accessibility in websites, software, mobile apps, and other ICT products. By following WCAG 2.1 AA guidelines, companies can make their digital content usable by individuals with visual, auditory, cognitive, or motor impairments.

Suppose your e-commerce site, cloud software, SaaS platforms, or mobile apps already meet WCAG 2.1 AA requirements. In that case, they likely comply with EN 301 549—and, by extension, the EAA.

Are There Any Exceptions to EAA Compliance?

Although the EAA imposes strict accessibility standards, it recognizes that achieving complete compliance may sometimes be impractical. Under the “Disproportionate Burden Clause,” organizations can request exceptions if they show that meeting the requirements would impose an undue hardship. However, this doesn’t serve as a blanket exemption—companies must provide thorough documentation and clear justification for why they cannot reasonably comply. Even when an exception is granted, they are still expected to take every feasible step to maximize accessibility.

Why the EAA Matters

The EAA’s focus on accessibility marks a significant step forward in creating an inclusive digital environment across the EU. For businesses, compliance isn’t just a legal requirement; it’s an opportunity to reach a broader audience and demonstrate a commitment to inclusivity. As the EAA reshapes the accessibility landscape, it’s time to evaluate your products and services to ensure they’re ready to meet the new standard.

Here’s why it matters:

It’s Legally Required

The EAA is not just a guideline; it’s enforceable legislation that comes into effect in June 2025. Businesses that fail to comply could face fines, legal consequences, and even damage to their reputation. Taking action early gives you ample time to address challenges and ensure your digital products meet the required standards without unnecessary stress.

Reach a Larger Audience

Over one billion people worldwide live with disabilities, representing a significant—yet often underserved—consumer base. Of these, more than 135 million are in the EU, constituting a substantial market segment businesses cannot ignore. Making digital services accessible fulfills a critical need and demonstrates your brand’s commitment to inclusivity and respect for diverse audiences.

For U.S. businesses operating in the EU, compliance with EN 301 549 ensures alignment with the EAA’s requirements, preventing legal and reputational risks.

Better User Experience for Everyone

Accessibility improvements don’t just benefit people with disabilities; they enhance usability for all users. Features like simplified navigation, larger text options, and better color contrast make digital platforms easier for everyone. These changes lead to more satisfied customers and improved engagement.

Boost SEO and Discoverability

Accessibility isn’t just about compliance; it’s also a strategic way to improve your online presence. By following EN 301 549 and WCAG 2.1 AA standards, your website becomes more search engine-friendly, with features like descriptive alt text, clean navigation, and clear content structure. These enhancements make it easier for search engines to index your site, improving rankings and visibility. Embracing accessibility ensures your digital content is discoverable by a broader audience while meeting the compliance standards of the EAA.

How to Prepare for the EAA

Preparing for the EAA might seem overwhelming at first, but tackling it step by step makes the process manageable. Here’s how to get started:
- Audit Your Digital Accessibility: Evaluate your digital products and services against EN 301 549 and WCAG 2.1 AA guidelines. Use tools or hire experts to identify any accessibility gaps.
- Fix What Needs Fixing: Once you’ve pinpointed the issues, prioritize fixes like:
  - Adding alt text to images
  - Ensuring keyboard navigation works seamlessly
  - Improving color contrast
  - Testing for mobile responsiveness
- Train Your Team: Accessibility isn’t a one-time project—it’s an ongoing effort. Train your team on accessibility basics, like creating user-friendly designs, writing clear content, and following coding best practices.
- Use Accessible Tools: Make sure your design and development tools have built-in accessibility features. These tools can catch common issues early and save you time.
- Work with Accessibility Pros: If accessibility isn’t your area of expertise, partner with professionals specializing in it. They can guide you through audits, fixes, and long-term compliance strategies.
- Keep an Eye on Accessibility: Accessibility needs regular maintenance. Review your digital products often, especially when you update or add new features, to make sure everything stays compliant.
Overlays: The Quick Fix That Falls Short

Many businesses are attracted to accessibility overlays—automated tools that promise instant compliance. However, as the European Commission noted in 2023, “Claims that a website can be made fully compliant without manual intervention are unrealistic.”

While overlays may tackle surface-level issues, such as adding alt text or color contrast adjustments, they often fail to address deeper, more complex accessibility challenges like proper keyboard navigation, dynamic content handling, or compatibility with assistive technologies. These limitations mean overlays can leave users with disabilities frustrated and websites at risk of non-compliance. Real accessibility demands both automated solutions and hands-on human expertise.

The Upside of Accessibility

Meeting the EAA’s requirements isn’t just about avoiding fines. It’s an opportunity to:
- Boost Your Brand: An accessible business is seen as inclusive and forward-thinking.
- Build Customer Loyalty: People appreciate companies that make an effort to include everyone.
- Be Ready for the Future: As accessibility expectations grow, being ahead of the curve will pay off.
- Expand Your Market: Serving more people means more potential customers and growth.
Don’t Wait: Turn Accessibility into an Advantage

The European Accessibility Act is a big deal, but it’s also a chance to improve your business in meaningful ways. The June 2025 deadline might seem far off, but it’ll be here before you know it. Waiting until the last minute could lead to rushed fixes, higher costs, and unnecessary stress. Starting now ensures you have time to make thoughtful, lasting improvements.

By aligning with EN 301 549 and integrating accessibility into your workflows, you’ll not only meet the EAA’s standards but also create better experiences for your customers. Embracing accessibility can boost your brand, build customer loyalty, and expand your market while positioning your business as inclusive and forward-thinking.

Take the first step today by scheduling an ADA briefing with 216digital. Our experts can guide you through compliance, helping you stay ahead of the curve and turn accessibility into a strategic advantage.
Greg McNeil

January 10, 2025

Legal Compliance

Accessibility, EAA, European Accessibility Act, International Accessibility Laws, Web Accessibility, Website Accessibility
Writing Code for Web Accessibility: A Guide for Developers
Coding often feels like speaking a secret language—it’s complex, intricate, and incredibly rewarding. Including web accessibility in your workflow isn’t about reinventing the wheel; it’s about refining your craft to ensure your work reaches everyone. Accessible code builds on the practices you already know, with small adjustments that make a significant impact. In this guide, we’ll explore actionable steps to help you create accessible, user-friendly websites that leave no user behind.

What Is Accessible Code?

Accessible code ensures everyone can interact with your website, regardless of ability. Following standards like the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) helps create an inclusive space for all users. By integrating accessibility, you’re not just meeting legal requirements but building a better, more welcoming web experience.

Accessibility encompasses several aspects, including:
- Visual Accessibility: Making visual content perceivable by users with visual impairments, often through tools like screen readers.
- Interactive Usability: Ensuring interactive elements work seamlessly with keyboards, touchscreens, or voice commands.
- Content Clarity: Structuring information logically to assist users with cognitive impairments.
- Compatibility: Writing robust code that works with assistive technologies and adapts to future updates.
The Four Golden Rules of Accessibility: POUR

The foundation of accessible code is rooted in WCAG’s four guiding principles: Perceivable, Operable, Understandable, and Robust (POUR). These principles ensure your website is usable for everyone. Let’s break them down:
- Perceivable: Users must be able to see or hear content.
  - Provide text alternatives for non-text content like images (e.g., alt text).
  - Use captions and transcripts for multimedia content.
- Operable: Interactive elements must be usable with any input device.
  - Ensure keyboard navigation works for all features.
  - Include features like skip-to-content links to improve navigation.
- Understandable: Content and interfaces should be easy to comprehend.
  - Label forms clearly and provide concise instructions.
  - Write meaningful error messages that guide users in resolving issues.
- Robust: Code should be compatible with a wide range of assistive technologies.
  - Use valid, semantic HTML to ensure content is interpretable.
  - Test compatibility with assistive technologies like screen readers.
Adhering to these principles ensures compliance with accessibility standards while enhancing usability for everyone.

Best Practices for Writing Accessible Code

Here’s how to apply accessibility principles to your code:

1. Use Semantic HTML

Semantic HTML provides structure and meaning to your content. Elements like <header>, <nav>, <main>, and <footer> improve navigation for screen readers and other assistive technologies.

Instead of:
```
<div onclick="doSomething()">Click me</div>
```
Use:
```
<button onclick="doSomething()">Click me</button>
```
Semantic tags enhance usability and reduce the need for ARIA roles, ensuring better compatibility.

2. Make Forms Accessible

Forms are a common source of frustration for users with disabilities. Pair input fields with <label> tags to provide clear context:
```
<label for="email">Email:</label>
<input type="email" id="email" name="email">
```
For added guidance, use aria-describedby for hints:
```
<p id= "emailHint"> We'll never share your email.</p>
<input type="email" id="email" aria-describedby="emailHint">
```
Additionally:
- Group related fields with <fieldset> and <legend>.
- Include real-time error validation with accessible alerts.
3. Ensure Keyboard Navigation

Interactive elements should be operable using a keyboard. Use logical HTML structures and the tabindex attribute sparingly to create a natural focus order.

Example:
```
<button tabindex="0">Focus me</button>
```
Avoid negative tabindex values unless necessary, as they can disrupt navigation.

4. Add Alt Text to Images

Alt text makes images accessible to screen readers. Describe the content succinctly:
```
<img src= "puppy.jpg" alt= "A golden retriever puppy playing with a ball">
```
If an image is decorative, use an empty alt attribute (alt= "") to skip it for screen readers.

5. Mind Your Colors

Color contrast impacts readability. Use tools like Contrast Checker to verify that text is legible. Avoid using color as the sole means of conveying information. For example:
```
<span style="color: red;">Required field</span>
```
Should also include:
```
<span class="required" aria-label="Required field">*</span>
```
6. Use ARIA Wisely

Accessible Rich Internet Applications (ARIA) roles can enhance functionality but should be used sparingly. Stick to semantic HTML whenever possible. Common ARIA roles include:
- role= "alert" for dynamic notifications.
- aria-expanded for collapsible menus.
- aria-live for real-time updates.
7. Don’t Forget Multimedia

Provide captions for videos and transcripts for audio content. Respect user preferences for reduced motion by using the prefers-reduced-motion media query:
```
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  animation: none;
}
```
Testing Your Accessible Code

Even the best code needs testing. Use these methods:
- Automated Testing: Tools like Google Lighthouse or WAVE can identify common issues.
- Manual Testing: Navigate your site using only a keyboard or a screen reader (e.g., NVDA, VoiceOver).
- User Testing: Get feedback from users with disabilities to uncover real-world issues.
Testing should be an ongoing part of your development process to catch and fix issues early.

Challenges Developers Face—and How to Overcome Them

Challenge: Understanding WCAG Guidelines Can Be Intimidating

Solution: Start with the essentials. Focus on foundational elements like semantic HTML, alt text, and keyboard navigation. Once these are second nature, dive deeper into more complex guidelines—one step at a time.

Challenge: Debugging ARIA Roles Can Be Tricky

Solution: ARIA can feel like uncharted territory, but tools like ARIA Authoring Practices and automated testing tools (e.g., Google Lighthouse or WAVE) make it manageable. Stick to semantic HTML where possible to minimize the need for custom roles.

Challenge: Maintaining Accessibility During Updates

Solution: Accessibility isn’t a one-and-done task; it’s an ongoing commitment. Make accessibility checks part of your QA process and leverage tools like WAVE to identify issues after every update. Document accessibility practices in your team’s workflow to keep everyone aligned.

Challenge: Balancing Deadlines with Accessibility Goals

Solution: Tight deadlines can pressure teams to deprioritize accessibility. Combat this by integrating accessibility from the start of a project rather than treating it as an add-on. Small, consistent efforts save time in the long run and prevent last-minute fixes.

By acknowledging these challenges and embracing practical solutions, developers can turn obstacles into opportunities to create better, more inclusive websites.

Keep Learning and Building Accessible Code

Web accessibility is a continuous journey—and an exciting one. As developers, we thrive on solving problems and improving our craft, and accessibility is no different. By staying updated with trusted resources like WebAIM, MDN Web Docs, and the A11y Project, you can keep sharpening your skills and pushing the boundaries of what’s possible. Engage with communities, take courses, and embrace every opportunity to learn. Every small step you take makes the web a more inclusive place for everyone.

Writing accessible code is about thoughtful, inclusive choices that enhance user experiences. Start with the basics, make accessibility an integral part of your workflow, and let learning drive your improvements. The impact of your efforts extends far beyond compliance; it creates meaningful connections and opens your work to all users, regardless of ability.

Ready to take your commitment further? Schedule an ADA briefing with 216digital. Our team specializes in tailored web accessibility solutions, helping you mitigate risks and create a more inclusive online presence. Let’s build a better web—together.
Greg McNeil

January 9, 2025

How-to Guides

accessible code, ADA Compliance, How-to, WCAG, web developers, web development
Accessibility Extensions: How Reliable Are They?
Making a website that everyone can use is an important goal for content creators, website owners, and developers. People who have disabilities, such as vision or hearing impairments, should have the same access to information and services as anyone else. Web accessibility removes barriers so all users can enjoy and navigate online content. One tool that can help is accessibility extensions—browser add-ons or standalone software that scans a website for common accessibility problems. But can you rely on these extensions alone to achieve a fully inclusive site?

In this article, we’ll discuss how these tools work, where they shine, and where you need to look beyond them to create truly accessible websites.

What Are Web Accessibility Extensions?

Web accessibility extensions are programs that you add to your internet browser or use as separate tools to check how well a website follows specific accessibility standards. These rules often come from guidelines like the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) set by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C).

The extensions scan a webpage’s code and point out things that might make it hard for users with disabilities to use. For example, if a picture is missing a text description (called “alt text”), an accessibility extension might highlight that. Or, if your text color and background color are too similar, the extension might let you know that the contrast is poor.

Popular Accessibility Extensions

There are many accessibility extensions to choose from, and each has its own strengths:
1. Google Lighthouse: This free, open-source tool is built right into Google Chrome’s Developer Tools. It checks your website for performance, accessibility, and search engine optimization (SEO) issues. Lighthouse’s accessibility report can show you issues like missing labels on form fields and low color contrast.
2. BrowserStack: While not strictly an extension, BrowserStack is a popular platform that lets you test your website on many devices and browsers. It also includes accessibility checks so you can spot problems before your site goes live.
3. Color Enhancer: This Chrome extension is helpful for testing different color settings. It simulates how someone with color vision challenges might see your site, helping you adjust your color palette.
4. Total Validator: This tool checks for multiple issues at once. It looks for accessibility problems, HTML errors, and even spelling mistakes. It’s useful if you want an all-in-one solution.
Why These Tools Are Helpful

Accessibility extensions can save time and money, especially in the early stages of website development. They’re usually easy to install and use, often with just a few clicks. Many come at no cost, making them friendly for anyone’s budget. They also highlight the low-hanging fruit—simple issues you can fix quickly, like missing alt text, mislabeled buttons, or poor contrast.

When used regularly, these extensions can become part of your workflow. For instance, you can run Google Lighthouse each time you make a new page, making sure you don’t introduce new errors. Color Enhancer can be switched on while you design graphics, so you can instantly check your chosen colors. By catching issues early, you reduce the risk of more significant accessibility barriers piling up later.

The Limits of Accessibility Extensions

While these tools can be beneficial, they can’t do everything. Accessibility is about real-life user experience. Extensions might catch many problems, but there are several reasons they might not be enough:
1. They Don’t Catch All Errors: Some issues are complicated and need a human eye. For example, a tool might not realize that your navigation menu is confusing or that your form error messages aren’t explained well.
2. Automation Can Miss Nuances: An extension may mark something as fine even if it’s not easy to use in practice. Think of a button that looks accessible but is tricky to reach using keyboard navigation. Human testing would catch that, but an automated tool might not.
3. Limited Customization: Some extensions can’t adapt to specialized needs. If your website has complex interactive elements or unique design features, an extension might not provide accurate feedback.
Practical Steps for Using Accessibility Extensions

To get the most out of your accessibility extensions, you can follow a simple process:
1. Install One or More Extensions: Pick a couple that make sense for your workflow. For a developer, Google Lighthouse is a solid choice; Color Enhancer might be more fitting for a designer.
2. Run Automatic Scans Often: When you add new content or launch a new feature, rerun the extension. This helps you fix issues before they become widespread.
3. Review the Reports: Look at what the tool says and note any errors. For example, if Lighthouse tells you there’s missing alt text, add it immediately.
4. Cross-Check with Another Tool: Since no single extension catches all issues, try a second tool to see if it spots something different. Combining tools gives you a more complete picture.
5. Document Your Changes: Keep track of what you fix. If your team grows or you step away from a project, the next person will know what was corrected and why.
Going Beyond Extensions: Manual Testing & Real Users

Even the best technology can’t replace the insight of real people. To go beyond automated checks, try these methods:
1. Manual Testing: Walk through your website with a keyboard only (no mouse). Can you reach all interactive elements, like menus, links, and form fields? Check if focus indicators (the outlines around clickable items) are visible so users know where they are on the page.
2. Test with Assistive Technologies: Screen readers like NVDA (free for Windows) or VoiceOver (built into macOS and iOS) let people with visual impairments hear text read aloud. Try them out on your site. Can you follow the page structure logically? Are buttons and links announced clearly?
3. Get Feedback from Users: Invite people with disabilities to test your site. This can be done in person or through online platforms. Their first-hand experiences will show you things no tool can catch.
4. Follow WCAG Guidelines: The W3C’s Web Content Accessibility Guidelines provide detailed advice about making websites more inclusive. Follow these guidelines to ensure you’re meeting recognized standards.
5. Keep Checking Over Time: Accessibility isn’t a “one-and-done” situation. Technology changes, and so does your site’s content. Regular audits help you stay current with new requirements or tools.
Professional Tools and Services

For more significant sites or those in specific industries, it can help to invest in professional tools or services. Some companies offer advanced scanning that runs on a schedule and sends alerts when accessibility issues are found. Others offer expert audits, which include hands-on testing by accessibility specialists. Examples include:
- a11y.Radar: Provides automated scans, real-time issue tracking, and actionable developer guidance. It integrates with CI/CD workflows and offers analytics to monitor progress and prioritize critical fixes.
- Siteimprove: This includes monitoring and scoring your site based on accessibility, SEO, and more.
- Specialized Accessibility Consultancies: Hiring an experienced team can help with complex sites or strict legal requirements.
Additional Resources to Explore

If you’d like to learn more or go deeper into this topic, here are a few helpful links:
- W3C Web Accessibility Initiative: Offers guidelines, techniques, and tutorials on how to create an accessible website.
- WebAIM: Contains articles, tools (like the WAVE Extension), and a community forum focused on accessibility.
- A11y Project: A community-driven site with guides, checklists, and news about web accessibility.
- Section508.gov: Focuses on accessibility laws and standards in the United States.
Conclusion

Accessibility extensions are a great starting point. They quickly show you common issues and give you ideas on what to fix. Yet, relying on them alone doesn’t ensure everyone can use your site. By also doing manual checks and involving people with different abilities, you can create a richer, more usable online experience. Combining automated scanning, real-world testing, and guidelines like WCAG gives you the best chance of meeting everyone’s needs.

Remember, building an inclusive website is an ongoing journey. Updates to your site, new browser versions, and changing assistive technologies mean there’s always something more to learn. Encourage your team to see accessibility as a shared responsibility. Keep your tools up to date, document your progress, and work together to reduce barriers for all. In the end, these efforts not only help people with disabilities, but they also make your site more user-friendly for everyone.

If you’re ready to take the next step in making your website accessible, 216digital can help. From expert audits to ongoing monitoring with our a11y.Radar tool, we’re here to guide you every step of the way. Contact 216digital today and ensure your website meets the highest standards for accessibility, usability, and inclusivity. Together, we can build a web that works for everyone.
Greg McNeil

January 8, 2025

Testing & Remediation

Accessibility, accessibility extensions, evaluation tools, Website Accessibility, Website Accessibility Tools
2025 Web Accessibility Standards & Requirements
The digital world is changing fast, and the 2025 ADA web accessibility standards are right around the corner. For public entities and businesses, the countdown to compliance has begun. But this isn’t just about ticking legal boxes—it’s a chance to create online spaces that everyone can access and enjoy.

From keeping track of important compliance dates to navigating global standards like the European Accessibility Act, this guide has everything you need to stay ahead. Whether you’re running a local government site or a growing business, you’ll find actionable steps to get your website up to date with the latest accessibility standards. Let’s break it all down so you can be prepared for what’s coming.

Key Dates for Compliance

Staying on top of the timeline is crucial for meeting the new ADA Title II accessibility standards. Here’s the scoop on the most important deadlines for public entities:
- April 24, 2026: Public entities in cities or counties with 50,000 or more residents must comply with the updated standards.
- April 24, 2027: Smaller public entities—those in areas with fewer than 50,000 people—have an extra year to meet these same requirements.
What Public Entities Should Focus On

Public entities include everything from state and local governments to public schools, libraries, and other essential services. For these organizations, accessibility isn’t optional—it’s a must. That means ensuring your website works seamlessly with assistive technologies like screen readers, providing alternative text for images, and offering captions on video content.

Why Meeting These Deadlines Matters

Missing these deadlines isn’t just a bad look—it can lead to lawsuits and a loss of trust in your community. ADA lawsuits targeting government websites are on the rise, often flagging accessibility gaps that make it hard for users with disabilities to access essential services.

Don’t Forget Global Accessibility Standards

If your business operates internationally or even just ships products overseas, you’ll also need to think about global accessibility laws. Standards like the European Accessibility Act (EAA) and Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act (AODA) could apply to you, even if your business is based in the U.S.
- European Accessibility Act (EAA): Takes effect on June 28, 2025. Similar to the ADA, it requires accessible websites, apps, and digital services across the European Union.
- Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act (AODA): Applies to organizations in Ontario or those serving Canadian users. Emphasizes WCAG standards, with compliance starting January 1, 2025.
Ignoring these global laws can lead to fines or legal challenges, so keep them in mind if your reach extends beyond the U.S.

What’s New in the 2025 Web Content Accessibility Guidelines

The 2025 ADA updates focus on making websites easier for everyone to use, especially as technology keeps evolving. At the heart of these changes is the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.2, developed by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C).

Here’s what’s new:
- WCAG 2.2 Integration: The updated accessibility standards now include criteria for making websites more accessible on mobile devices, easier for people with cognitive disabilities, and generally more user-friendly.
- Assistive Technology Compatibility: Websites need to work smoothly with tools like screen readers and voice recognition software.
- Mobile Accessibility: With more people using phones and tablets, sites must be fully functional on smaller screens.
- Video Accessibility: There’s a bigger focus on captions, audio descriptions, and media players that everyone can use.
These updates aren’t just about staying out of court; they’re about building an inclusive online environment. For instance, captions on videos don’t just help users with hearing impairments—they also benefit anyone viewing in a noisy place.

The Cost of Ignoring Compliance

Noncompliance comes with serious risks. In 2024 alone, over 4,000 ADA lawsuits were filed in the U.S. Many stemmed from missing alt text, lack of keyboard navigation, or poor color contrast.

Copycat Lawsuits

A worrying trend is the rise of copycat lawsuits: about 41% of 2024’s accessibility lawsuits targeted companies that had already been sued before. These repeat lawsuits happen when businesses fix only part of their accessibility issues, leaving gaps that new plaintiffs exploit. Often, the same websites, related brands, or even parent companies become repeated targets, creating a cycle of litigation that can be difficult to escape.

The Cost of Noncompliance

Legal fees, settlements, and potential fines add up quickly, with smaller organizations often feeling the strain the most. Defending even one lawsuit can cost tens of thousands of dollars or more, depending on the complexity of the claims. For businesses with unresolved accessibility gaps, these lawsuits not only bring immediate costs but also invite ongoing legal scrutiny, making comprehensive compliance efforts critical to long-term risk management.

Steps to Ensure Compliance

Achieving compliance with the 2025 accessibility standards may seem daunting, but with a structured approach, it’s manageable. By taking proactive steps, you can stay ahead of the curve:

Meeting the 2025 standards might seem overwhelming, but with the right approach, it’s absolutely doable:
1. Audit Your Website: Use tools to catch common accessibility issues, but don’t skip manual checks for things like focus indicators or smooth screen reader navigation.
2. Train Your Team: Make sure everyone—from developers to content creators—understands accessibility guidelines.
3. Implement Updates: Prioritize fixes like alternative text for images and keyboard navigation improvements.
4. Monitoring: Accessibility isn’t a one-and-done thing. Regular updates and monitoring are essential.
Overcoming Challenges in Achieving Compliance

Even with clear guidelines, reaching full accessibility can be tough. A major hurdle lies in understanding the full scope of accessibility requirements. Automated tools often overlook hidden barriers, and smaller organizations may not have the resources or expertise to do a deep dive on every aspect of their site. Legacy systems could add in another wrinkle: retrofitting older platforms for accessibility can be time-consuming and costly.

That’s where partnering with accessibility experts like 216digital can make all the difference. We offer custom audits, expert training, and ongoing monitoring with tools like a11y.Radar, helping you build a sustainable compliance strategy.

It’s Time to Act

With the 2025 deadlines on the horizon, there’s no better time to get started. Sure, it might feel daunting at first, but making your online experience accessible to everyone brings long-term benefits for both your users and your brand. It’s not just about dodging lawsuits—it’s about doing the right thing.

By taking steps now—especially if your deadline is 2026 or just around the corner—you’ll save yourself time, money, and stress down the road. If you’re feeling stuck or overwhelmed, consider chatting with accessibility experts or scheduling a consultation with 216digital. Let’s work together to ensure your website is a place where everyone feels welcome and empowered.
Greg McNeil

January 7, 2025

Legal Compliance

2025, accessibility laws, ADA Compliance, EAA, International Accessibility Laws, WCAG
2024 Accessibility Lawsuits: Trends and Lessons

2024 has been another big year for web accessibility—and not in a good way. More than 4,000 accessibility lawsuits were filed against digital properties this year, affecting businesses of all sizes. Whether you’re a small business facing your first lawsuit or a larger company dealing with repeat claims, the message is clear: ignoring web accessibility is no longer an option.

Despite the alarming rise in legal risks, the good news is that you can take practical steps to protect your business and create a better online experience for everyone. Below, we’ll examine the highlights of 2024, why they matter, and how you can get ahead in 2025.

Accessibility Lawsuits Are Shifting to State Courts

In 2024, over 4,000 accessibility lawsuits were filed—1,600 in state courts and 2,400 in federal courts. While federal cases dipped slightly, lawsuits in state courts surged, led primarily by New York and California. These two states accounted for more than 40% of all claims.

Why are state courts becoming more popular? State-specific legal frameworks and streamlined procedures may be giving plaintiffs an edge. For businesses, this shift means that federal-level compliance isn’t always enough—you must also stay aware of state-level requirements. Regular audits, attention to WCAG (Web Content Accessibility Guidelines) updates, and a clear understanding of how your state enforces accessibility standards can help you stay ahead. Ignorance, as it turns out, is no longer bliss.

New York Is at the Center of the Action

New York isn’t just the city that never sleeps—it’s also the state that leads the nation in accessibility lawsuits. In 2024 alone, 2,541 cases were filed in its federal and state courts, surpassing even California.

What’s especially notable is New York courts’ willingness to hear cases against businesses with no physical presence in the state. If your website is accessible to New Yorkers, it’s open to potential litigation. Combine that with active plaintiffs and law firms focusing on accessibility, and you have a recipe for heightened risk.

Copycat Lawsuits Are a Growing Threat

One of the more frustrating trends of 2024 is the rise of “copycat” lawsuits. Out of this year’s filings, 961 cases—41% of all accessibility lawsuits—targeted companies that had already faced noncompliance claims in the past.

These repeat claims often happen when companies fix only part of their accessibility issues, leaving gaps that draw new lawsuits. New plaintiffs may target the same website, related brands, or even parent companies. The takeaway? Partial fixes can turn a one-time lawsuit into a recurring problem.

Small Businesses Are in the Spotlight

Historically, large corporations shouldered most accessibility lawsuits, but 2024 marked a shift. Small businesses—those earning under $25 million a year—were targeted more than ever.

There are two key reasons for this change. First, there are simply more small businesses out there, creating a bigger pool of potential defendants. Second, many large companies have been managing lawsuits for years and have implemented robust accessibility programs. With 82% of big companies already working toward compliance since 2018, plaintiffs are now focusing on smaller businesses that may have fewer resources or less awareness.

For small business owners, this trend can feel overwhelming. The silver lining is that you’re not alone, and even modest efforts can go a long way. You don’t need a massive budget to make your website more accessible—you just need to know where to begin.

Accessibility Widgets: Not the Quick Fix You Think They Are

If you’ve ever considered adding a simple “accessibility widget” to solve all your problems, you’re not alone—but this strategy might create more headaches than it relieves. In 2024, over 1,000 companies with widgets on their sites were still sued for accessibility noncompliance.

Why? Widgets often fail to address the deeper, structural issues that make a site inaccessible. In some cases, they even introduce new barriers, like interfering with assistive technologies or complicating site navigation for users with disabilities. Plaintiffs are increasingly calling out widgets as insufficient and pointing to WCAG violations or “band-aid” approaches that neglect larger accessibility gaps.

Relying on widgets alone could lead to a rude awakening. True accessibility requires meaningful changes to your site’s structure and content. This investment will reduce your legal risk and provide a better experience for all users.

What You Can Do in 2025

The prospect of a accessibility lawsuit is stressful, but there’s plenty you can do to minimize your risk. Consider these steps as you plan for the coming year.

Immediate Actions

Conduct a WCAG 2.2 Audit

Start by evaluating your site against the WCAG 2.1. Common issues include missing alt text, poor color contrast, and unlabeled form fields. Fixing these core issues can make an immediate impact.

Train Your Team

Accessibility isn’t a one-time project. Train your developers, designers, and content creators so that accessibility best practices are woven into everything they do. The more knowledge your team has, the fewer issues will arise.

Long-Term Strategies

Build Accessibility Into Your Workflow

Don’t wait until the end of a project to think about accessibility. Integrate it into each stage of development, from initial design to final testing. Known as “shifting left,” this proactive approach saves both time and money.

Partner With Experts

Accessibility is complex, and you don’t have to navigate it alone. Working with a team like ours at 216digital can help you stay up-to-date on guidelines and maintain ongoing compliance.

Conclusion

Yes, the surge in accessibility lawsuits is concerning. Yes, courts in states like New York and California are becoming more aggressive in penalizing non-compliant businesses. And yes, copycat claims mean one lawsuit can quickly snowball into multiple suits. However, this issue isn’t just about minimizing legal risk—it’s about building an inclusive internet that everyone can use and enjoy.

At 216digital, we strive to be more than just a service provider. Our aim is to be an ally, guiding you through the complexities of digital accessibility. Creating an inclusive website benefits your customers, your brand, and your legal standing. It might sound daunting at first, but that’s where we come in. Our step-by-step approach can help protect your business and empower a broader online audience.

The sooner you begin, the easier it becomes to get your site on track. So, let’s move forward—schedule a call with us, take that initial step, and start building a web experience that truly works for everyone. You’ve got this, and we’re here to help.

Greg McNeil

January 6, 2025

Legal Compliance

2024 accessibility lawsuits, ADA Compliance, ADA Lawsuits, web accessibility lawsuits, Website Accessibility
Email Accessibility: Why It Matters for Your Marketing
Did you know that many marketing emails are nearly impossible for some people to read? It’s true! People with disabilities, especially those who use screen readers, often struggle with text that isn’t coded properly or images that don’t have any descriptions. The good news is that email accessibility is simpler than you might think. In this article, we’ll explore why emails can be hard to read for people with disabilities, why you should care, and how you can start making changes today. Let’s dive in!

Why Accessibility in Emails Matters

You might be wondering, “Why should I think about email accessibility?” There are two big reasons:
1. Reach More Readers: Accessibility helps you connect with a larger audience, which means more potential customers.
2. It’s the Right Thing to Do: Many people rely on screen readers or special settings to read their messages, and they deserve the same great experience as everyone else.
Plus, consider this: There are about 61 million adults in the United States alone who have disabilities, and over one million of them are blind. Emails that aren’t accessible can stop them from reading newsletters, buying products, or joining your events. By focusing on accessibility, you’re ensuring everyone can connect with you.

The Business Case for Accessible Emails

You might ask, “Why should I spend my time on email accessibility?” Here are three compelling reasons:
1. Stay Legally Compliant: Laws like the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) may apply to online communication. Staying compliant avoids potential legal issues.
2. Expand Your Audience: People with disabilities make up a significant group. Including them ensures your message reaches more people.
3. Improve Content for Everyone: Accessible content benefits all users. For example, larger fonts are easier on the eyes, and descriptive link text helps people skimming emails on their phones.
In short, email accessibility isn’t just nice to have — it’s a smart move that can boost your brand and prevent legal headaches.

Why Marketing Emails Tend To Be Inaccessible

Let’s be honest: emails can be tricky. Here’s why:
- They Rely on Tables for Layout: Modern web pages use advanced CSS layouts, but many email clients don’t support them. This forces developers to use tables, which can confuse screen readers if not coded correctly.
- Limited Support for Buttons: Real <button> elements often aren’t supported. Replacing buttons with images can create accessibility issues if the images lack descriptions.
- Drag-and-Drop Tools Aren’t Perfect: Email builders like Mailchimp or HubSpot can generate messy or incomplete HTML code, leading to hidden accessibility problems.
These challenges make email accessibility tricky, but don’t worry. With a few simple steps, you can overcome these issues.

Building an Accessibility Checklist for Emails

Here’s a simple checklist to help you make your emails more accessible:

Template Setup (One-Time Fixes)
1. Add role=”presentation” to Tables: This attribute tells screen readers to ignore table structure, reducing confusion.
2. Underline Inline Links: Don’t rely on color alone to indicate links. Use underlines to make them easily identifiable.
3. Avoid Using One Big Image as Your Email: Screen readers can’t interpret a single large image. If images are disabled, subscribers will see an empty box instead of your content.
Campaign-Level Fixes
1. Add Alt Text to Every Image: Alt text provides descriptions for images. Keep it brief but clear (e.g., “Model wearing a red winter jacket”).
2. Use Semantic HTML Elements: Use <h1> for main headings, <h2> for subheadings, and <p> for paragraphs to help screen readers understand content structure.
3. Use Descriptive Links: Replace vague link text like “Click Here” with “View our winter jackets” to provide context.
Testing and QA for Your Accessible Emails

How can you ensure your emails are accessible? Test them!

Manual Testing

Use free screen readers like NVDA (Windows) or VoiceOver (Mac) to hear how your email sounds. Listening to your email read aloud is a great way to catch problems.

Automated Testing Tools

Use tools like Google Lighthouse or WAVE to scan your email’s web version for issues. Publish a temporary version, get the URL, and analyze it for errors.

A/B Testing

Test different versions of your accessible emails to see what resonates best with your audience. Compare engagement metrics to measure the impact of accessibility.

Accessibility Best Practices for Email Design

Here are additional tips for email accessibility:
1. Make It Mobile-Friendly: Ensure text, buttons, and layouts work well on smaller screens.
2. Choose Readable Fonts and Colors: Use high contrast (e.g., black text on a white background) and avoid tiny fonts.
3. Avoid Flashing or Moving Text: Fast-moving elements can be challenging for some users. Use animation sparingly.
Encouraging a Culture of Accessibility

Once you start focusing on accessibility, share your knowledge with your team:
1. Offer Mini-Trainings: Show marketing and design teams how to add alt text or check code for issues.
2. Collaborate with Developers: Work with your development team to address tricky code problems.
3. Celebrate Wins: Highlight successful accessible campaigns during team meetings to encourage continued focus.
Conclusion

Email accessibility matters because it helps people with disabilities, grows your audience, and enhances your brand’s reputation. The best part? It doesn’t have to be complicated. With simple steps like adding alt text, using descriptive links, and making your designs mobile-friendly, you can create emails that everyone can enjoy.

Take a moment to review your next email draft. Is there alt text? Are links descriptive? Are fonts readable? If so, you’re already ahead of many marketers. Keep going, and soon accessibility will become a natural part of your email marketing process, benefiting both your audience and your brand
Greg McNeil

January 3, 2025

How-to Guides, The Benefits of Web Accessibility

Accessibility, email accessibility, How-to, Web Accessibility, web developers
Accessibility in 2025: Why Web Accessibility Can’t Wait
These days, the internet is part of almost everything we do. Whether you’re shopping, learning, or connecting, the web matters. But what happens when some people can’t access your website in 2025? If your site isn’t built for everyone, think about the message that it sends.

In 2025, ignoring accessibility isn’t just risky—it’s neglectful. It can also lead to hefty legal issues. How many possible customers are you losing because your site doesn’t work for them? And how much would a lawsuit cost, both financially and in lost reputation? Accessibility isn’t just another box to check. It’s a responsibility we all share. If you’re still waiting to act, ask yourself: why the delay?

Evolving Accessibility Standards in 2025

Web accessibility has come a long way. The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) from W3C offer a reliable framework. These guidelines cover how to make digital spaces work for everyone, including people with disabilities.

By 2025, updates like WCAG 2.2 and the emerging WCAG 3.0 raise the bar further. These updates include new mobile standards, improved focus indicators, and better support for cognitive disabilities. By following these evolving standards, you’ll build a site that truly serves every user.

Government Enforcement and Legal Implications

Governments around the world are getting stricter about accessibility. In the U.S., Title II of the ADA now places stronger requirements on public entities. These rules will roll out in April 2026 and 2027, creating clear deadlines for compliance.

Meanwhile, the European Accessibility Act (EAA) takes full effect by June 28, 2025. This law applies to public institutions and private businesses, including e-commerce and financial services. Non-compliance could land you in legal trouble and damage your reputation. Adapting to these rules isn’t just about avoiding fines—it’s about making sure everyone can use what you offer.

Accessibility as a Business Imperative

Many businesses don’t realize how much accessibility can affect their bottom line. The truth is that investing in accessibility is a wise move.

Legal Implications

By 2025, lawsuits about inaccessible websites are becoming more common. In 2024 alone, there were over 4,000 ADA lawsuits in the U.S. That number highlights a growing push for compliance. One unfortunate trend is “copycat” lawsuits, where 41% of 2024’s cases targeted businesses with previous noncompliance.

Settlements can run anywhere from $10,000 to $100,000, not counting legal fees. Worse still, your public image may take a hit that’s hard to fix. Courts have made it plain: websites must be accessible. If you ignore these requirements, you could be facing big legal bills and a tarnished reputation.

Market Potential in 2025

Accessibility isn’t just about avoiding risks. It also opens the door to millions of new customers. About 15% of the world’s population has some form of disability. Add older adults who benefit from clear, easy-to-use sites, and you’ve got an even bigger market.

In the U.S. alone, people over 50 drive more than $8 trillion in economic activity each year, according to AARP. That’s huge, and it’s only growing as our population ages. Making your site accessible also boosts SEO and discoverability. This helps everyone, not just those with specific disabilities.

Competitive Advantage

If two companies offer the same service, but one has a user-friendly website, guess who wins? Accessibility sets you apart. It shows you respect and value every customer, building trust in your brand. In 2025, that might be the difference between thriving and floundering.

An accessible site also signals that your brand is forward-thinking and inclusive. Many customers care about companies that “walk the talk” on social issues. By putting accessibility first, you position yourself as an industry leader.

Challenges and Misconceptions

Some organizations stall on accessibility because they think it’s too pricey or too complicated. Others believe quick fixes, like overlays, will solve everything. These myths can hold your business back.

The Myth of Overlays

Overlays promise one-click solutions, but they often cause more harm than good. They can break your website’s functionality or confuse users of assistive technologies. Sometimes, they even block screen readers or tangle up navigation.

They also don’t meet many legal requirements, leaving you open to lawsuits. True accessibility needs mindful design, thorough testing, and a commitment to ongoing improvements—no shortcuts allowed.

For more information on the harm of screen overlays, check out the Overlay Fact Sheet.

Fear of Cost

Yes, accessibility takes time and resources. But it doesn’t have to ruin your budget. Start small by fixing the biggest barriers on your site. Simple changes—like adding alt text or improving color contrast—can make a huge impact.

In the U.S., businesses can also use the Disabled Access Credit for accessibility expenses. Over time, small steps lead to big changes. You’ll build a more inclusive online presence and reduce the risk of costly legal battles.

The Role of Technology in Accessibility

Fortunately, technology is making accessibility easier. In 2025, AI-driven tools can help identify issues quickly. Popular tests, like Google Lighthouse or WAVE, flag areas that need improvement.

Assistive technologies are also evolving. Screen readers and voice recognition software are getting smarter. However, technology alone can’t solve everything. You must understand your users and design with their needs in mind. That human-centered approach makes your website better for all.

Practical Steps to Get Started in 2025

Worried your website isn’t accessible yet? Don’t panic. You can start today:
1. Conduct an Audit: Use tools like Google Lighthouse or hire an expert to identify issues on your site.
2. Fix High-Impact Problems: Start with basics like adding alt text, improving keyboard navigation, and fixing color contrast.
3. Build Accessibility Into Your Workflow: Make accessibility a part of every project, from design to development.
4. Seek Help When Needed: Partner with accessibility experts to guide your efforts and ensure long-term success.
Maintain and Monitor Accessibility

Remember, accessibility is a journey, not a one-time fix. Keep track of updates and new content to ensure they don’t add barriers—tools like Accessibility Radar (a11y.Radar) help you watch your site’s accessibility over time. By staying proactive, you’ll keep your site usable for everyone.

Looking Ahead: The Future of Accessibility

In 2025, you can’t afford to ignore accessibility. It’s crucial for growth, legal compliance, and being a decent digital citizen. When you make your site accessible, you open your business to more customers, strengthen your brand, and help create a fairer online world.

Don’t wait for a lawsuit or a complaint to spur action. Start now. Conduct an audit, fix any issues you find, and commit to continuous improvement. If you need help, companies like 216digital are ready to guide you. Together, let’s build a web that works for everyone.
Greg McNeil

January 2, 2025

The Benefits of Web Accessibility, Web Accessibility Remediation

2025, Accessibility, ADA Compliance, New Year's Resolution, Web Accessibility
Making Hidden Content Accessible to Assistive Technologies
As a web developer, you want your website to be usable by everyone, including people who rely on assistive technologies. These technologies—such as screen readers, braille displays, and speech recognition software—can help individuals with disabilities navigate the web more easily. Sometimes, you may need to hide certain parts of your webpage visually without hiding them from these tools. However, doing this incorrectly can cause big accessibility issues.

In this article, we’ll explore how to effectively hide and manage hidden content for people using assistive technologies. We’ll discuss why display: none is problematic, how to use the clip pattern, and how attributes like aria-hidden and hidden can help. By the end, you’ll have a better understanding of how to ensure your website remains inclusive and user-friendly.

The Problem with display: none

When you use display: none in your CSS, you remove an element from the visual flow of the page. This means sighted users will not see it. But, it also means the element is completely invisible to assistive technologies such as screen readers. If you’ve hidden important text or controls this way, users who rely on assistive technologies might miss out on content or functionality that they need.

For example, imagine you have a button that visually looks like an icon, but you hide the text label using display: none. Now, people who can see the icon know what the button does, but people using assistive technologies hear nothing. This creates a poor user experience and makes your site less accessible.

The Clip Pattern: A Better Approach

To visually hide content while keeping it available to assistive technologies, the clip pattern is a popular solution. The idea is to position the element off-screen so sighted users don’t see it, but screen readers can still find it. Here’s an example:
```
.visually-hidden {
  position: absolute;
  width: 1px;
  height: 1px;
  margin: -1px;
  padding: 0;
  border: 0;
  overflow: hidden;
  clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0);
  white-space: nowrap;
}
```
By applying the .visually-hidden class to your element, you ensure it’s hidden visually but remains accessible to assistive technologies. This makes the content discoverable by screen readers, letting users who can’t see the screen still benefit from it.

Why the Clip Pattern Works

This pattern relies on moving the element so it’s not visible in the viewport and restricting its size to 1px by 1px. With clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); (or clip-path in modern CSS), the browser cuts off any visual display. Yet, the element remains in the Document Object Model (DOM), meaning assistive technologies can still access it. That’s the key difference between this and display: none.

Managing Visibility with aria-hidden and the hidden Attribute

Beyond CSS, there are HTML and ARIA (Accessible Rich Internet Applications) attributes that also control how content is shown to both users and assistive technologies. Two important attributes here are aria-hidden and the HTML5 hidden attribute.

aria-hidden="true"

When you add aria-hidden="true" to an element, you’re telling assistive technologies not to read or announce that element to users. This is handy for decorative images or redundant content. For instance, if you have a background image that doesn’t provide important information, you could mark it with aria-hidden="true" so screen readers ignore it.

But be cautious: if you need an element to be read by assistive technologies, do not use aria-hidden=”true”. This attribute will block that element from being announced entirely.
```
<div aria-hidden="true">
  <img src="decorative-image.jpg" alt=""/>
</div>
```
HTML5 hidden Attribute

The hidden attribute is another way to remove content from everyone—both sighted users and assistive technologies. When you use it, browsers typically hide the element. Screen readers will also skip it. This is good if the element is meant to be inaccessible to all users, like a form section that’s not yet relevant or a menu item that’s not available.
```
<div hidden>
  <p>This content is hidden from all users.</p>
</div>
```
Use hidden or aria-hidden when you truly want to exclude an element from assistive technologies. If you want it hidden visually but still available to screen readers, you should stick with the clip pattern or .visually-hidden approach.

Best Practices for Accessible, Visually-Hidden Content

1. Use Semantic HTML

Using proper semantic HTML elements (like <nav> for navigation, <main> for main content, or <section> for thematic grouping) is important for clear structure. It helps assistive technologies interpret your content correctly. Semantic HTML also reduces the need for extra attributes and complex styling, since the markup itself conveys meaning.

2. Avoid Hiding Focusable Elements

If an element can receive focus (like links, form inputs, or buttons), think carefully before hiding it. A hidden yet focusable element can be confusing for keyboard-only users, since it might get focus without being visible. If you must hide a focusable element, consider removing it from the tab order by using tabindex="-1" or ensuring it’s properly revealed at the right time.

For example, if you have a pop-up form that appears only after a button click, you can initially hide it with the clip pattern. Once the user clicks, you can remove the clip pattern or switch the CSS to show the content. This way, the form becomes available to both sighted users and people using assistive technologies at the same time.

3. Provide Context for Hidden Content

Sometimes you want to reveal hidden content dynamically (like a drop-down menu). In these cases, use ARIA attributes such as aria-expanded and aria-controls to inform assistive technologies that a certain part of the page is now visible or hidden. This can help screen reader users understand changes on the page.
```
<button aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="menu" id="menuButton">
  Toggle Menu
</button>

<nav id="menu" class="visually-hidden">
  
</nav>
```
When you click the button, you can toggle its aria-expanded value from false to true, and remove the .visually-hidden class from the menu. This ensures that both visual and non-visual users know the content has been revealed.

4. Test with Multiple Assistive Technologies

It’s important to test your website with different assistive technologies because each one may behave slightly differently. Popular screen readers include NVDA, JAWS, and VoiceOver. Don’t forget to check on both desktop and mobile devices. Regular testing can help you catch accessibility issues before your users do.

Handling Localization

If you’re translating your site into multiple languages, remember that hidden text might also need translation. For example, your .visually-hidden text for instructions or links should be available to screen readers in every supported language. Make sure your language attributes (like lang="en") are correct, and consider cultural differences that could impact how you label hidden elements.

For instance, if you have an English site and a Spanish site, your hidden instructions should be translated into Spanish on the Spanish version. This ensures that users relying on assistive technologies can access the content in the correct language.

Putting It All Together: A Quick Example

Let’s look at a simple example of an accessible button that has visually hidden text:
```
<button class="icon-button">
  <span class="visually-hidden">Submit Form</span>
  <img src="icon-submit.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" />
</button>
```
- The .visually-hidden class hides the text “Submit Form” from sighted users, but screen readers can still read it.
- The <img> tag includes an empty alt attribute and aria-hidden="true", so assistive technologies ignore the image itself.
- Sighted users see only the icon, while screen reader users hear “Submit Form.”
This example keeps your content accessible to people using assistive technologies and also meets visual design needs.

Additional Resources
- Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG): A detailed guide on making web content accessible.
- WAI-ARIA Authoring Practices: Official tips on using ARIA roles, states, and properties.
- MDN Web Docs on ARIA: In-depth explanations of ARIA attributes and best practices.
Exploring these resources will help you master hiding content effectively, ensuring people who use assistive technologies can still access everything they need.

Conclusion

Hiding content from sighted users while keeping it accessible to assistive technologies is an essential skill for modern web developers. By avoiding display: none for important information, using the clip pattern for visually hidden content, and carefully leveraging aria-hidden or hidden, you can ensure everyone has a good experience on your site.

Remember to keep the following points in mind:
1. Use the clip pattern (.visually-hidden) to hide content from sighted users but keep it readable by assistive technologies.
2. Use aria-hidden and hidden only when you truly want to hide content from all users, including those using assistive technologies.
3. Pay attention to focusable elements, making sure you don’t accidentally trap keyboard users in hidden sections.
4. Test frequently with various tools and real users to ensure your hidden content behaves as you expect.
5. Localize your hidden text so that people using assistive technologies in other languages can also benefit.
By following these guidelines, you’ll be well on your way to building inclusive websites that work for everyone. Your careful attention to accessibility shows that you value all your users, regardless of their abilities or the assistive technologies they use. Embracing these practices will help ensure a positive, welcoming, and user-friendly experience across the board.
Greg McNeil

December 31, 2024

How-to Guides

Accessibility, assistive technology, How-to, web developers, web development, Website Accessibility
Accessibility Overlays: Band-Aid Solutions?
Web accessibility is about making sure that everyone, including people with disabilities, can use your website with ease. Many businesses, however, reach for a quick fix known as a “web accessibility overlay.” These overlays claim to instantly solve a website’s accessibility problems by adding a single line of code. At first glance, this may sound like a dream come true: no major redesigns, no deep coding changes, and no extended timelines. Yet overlays often fail to address the real barriers that people with disabilities face. In fact, they can create new challenges and offer website owners a false sense of security.

In this article, we will explore why web accessibility overlays are often called a “Band-Aid solution” and why relying on them can do more harm than good. We will look at some of the technical limitations, discuss how they can conflict with assistive technologies, and share better ways to make your website truly accessible. We will also include links to helpful resources you can explore independently.

What Are Web Accessibility Overlays?

Web accessibility overlays are add-on tools, often in the form of a plugin or script, that claim to repair accessibility issues on a website automatically. Once installed, they usually give users a menu of features such as:
- Text resizing
- Color contrast adjustments
- Keyboard navigation controls
- Screen reader-friendly labels
These options may seem helpful, and some are. However, these overlays do not usually fix deeper issues in the website’s code. Overlays focus on surface-level changes that might look or feel good initially. For example, making text larger or changing color contrast might help some people. But someone who uses a screen reader or another assistive device might still find the site impossible to navigate if the page structure is confusing or missing proper markup.

Why Accessibility Overlays Fall Short

While overlays may claim to bring your site into compliance with standards like the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG), they cannot fix serious problems that come from poor coding, improper headings, or missing labels. Let’s explore some core reasons why these tools can fail.

1. They Don’t Fix Structural Code Issues

A website that is built with accessibility in mind has clean, well-labeled HTML code and logical headings (like <h1>, <h2>, and so on). It also uses the right ARIA (Accessible Rich Internet Applications) attributes where needed. These parts of the code help assistive technologies—like screen readers—understand how the page is organized. If your code is poorly structured, an overlay might add color adjustments or keyboard focus outlines, but it won’t rewrite the site’s underlying structure. Missing or incorrect code stays broken, which causes ongoing problems for anyone who relies on a screen reader or keyboard navigation.

2. Conflicts with Assistive Technologies

One goal of web accessibility is to ensure that people using screen readers, braille displays, or voice recognition software can move through a site and understand its content. Overlays can accidentally disrupt these tools by adding unwanted code or labeling. For example, a screen reader might end up reading duplicate or confusing text because the overlay tries to label items automatically. This could result in a frustrating experience, causing users to abandon your site altogether.

3. False Sense of Compliance

Some businesses install an overlay hoping to protect themselves from legal action under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). However, simply having an overlay does not mean your website is truly accessible or “ADA compliant.” In fact, in 2024 alone, 1,023 companies with an accessibility widget on their website received lawsuits, underscoring that overlays alone cannot shield businesses from legal action. In recent years, many sites using these tools have still faced lawsuits because of the underlying accessibility problems. Accessibility overlays often promise quick compliance, but the law cares about actual accessibility, not just appearances. Relying on an overlay can leave you vulnerable and unprepared if complaints or legal notices arise.

4. Ethical Concerns and User Frustration

Overlays may look like an easy fix for you, but they can feel like a barrier for those who need real accessibility improvements. Many people with disabilities have shared stories of frustration when they encounter overlay menus that don’t work correctly or override their screen reader settings. This can be discouraging for users who regularly deal with inaccessible websites. They may see the overlay as another obstacle rather than a tool that truly helps them. From an ethical standpoint, offering a patch that doesn’t solve deeper issues can be viewed as ignoring the experiences of people with disabilities.

The Risks of Taking the Easy Way Out

Accessibility overlays give website owners the idea that fixing accessibility is simple and quick. Sadly, that is almost never the case. By relying on an overlay, you risk:
- Legal Action: Courts can—and do—rule that a website with an overlay still has accessibility problems. An overlay will not protect you if people with disabilities cannot use your site.
- Damaged Reputation: When users have a poor experience on your site, word can spread quickly. This can harm your brand and turn potential customers away.
- Ongoing Maintenance Issues: Overlays must be updated along with your website’s updates. If the overlay breaks or conflicts with new code, your site could become even harder to use.
Instead of merely putting a bandage on the problems, developing or improving your website in ways that truly benefit all users would be better.

Steps to Achieve Real Accessibility

To create a site that everyone can use, consider a more thorough strategy. This involves reviewing the code, testing it with real users, and making changes that last. Below are some steps you can take.

1. Start with Clean, Semantic Code

Semantic HTML is a fancy way of saying you use the right tags to describe the right content. For example, headings (<h1>, <h2>, etc.) should be in order, and important landmarks (such as navigation and main content) should be labeled. Make sure that images include informative alt text, forms have clear instructions, and interactive elements have correct ARIA attributes if needed. When the base of your site is strong, many common accessibility problems disappear.

2. Test with Real Users and Automated Tools

Automated checkers can point out some problems, like missing alt text or heading errors. However, these tools cannot catch everything. The best approach is to test your website with actual users who have disabilities. Ask for their feedback and watch how they move through your site. You will quickly find issues that an overlay would never fix. This user-first approach ensures your improvements are based on real-world experiences.

3. Collaborate with Accessibility Experts

If you are not sure where to begin, seek help from professionals who specialize in digital accessibility. They can run a thorough audit, identify areas that need work, and guide you in making the proper fixes. This often involves reviewing your design, testing your site’s code, and recommending best practices so that all new content you create will also be accessible.

4. Provide Ongoing Training

Accessibility should be a team effort. Everyone who works on your website—developers, designers, content creators—should know the basics of accessible design. This means understanding how to create keyboard-friendly navigation, how to write alt text, and how to structure pages with clear headings and labels. If your team knows these skills, you are less likely to introduce new barriers when adding or editing content.

5. Plan for Long-Term Maintenance

Websites are never finished; they change over time. That means accessibility is an ongoing project. As you update pages, launch new features, or switch platforms, keep accessibility in mind. Continue testing, train your team, and regularly check for new issues. This helps you stay proactive rather than relying on any one tool to fix barriers as they come up.

Additional Resources

If you would like to learn more about doing accessibility the right way, here are some helpful links:
1. Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG): The official guidelines published by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C).
2. W3C Web Accessibility Initiative: Offers guidelines, techniques, and tutorials on how to create an accessible website
3. WebAIM: A well-known resource that offers articles, tools, and services related to web accessibility.
4. The A11Y Project: A community-driven site with resources for building and maintaining accessible websites.
These resources can guide you in understanding the deeper aspects of accessibility and how to address them.

Moving Forward with True Accessibility

Web accessibility overlays may seem like a quick and convenient solution, but they are ultimately a Band-Aid on a much larger problem. While they can address surface-level issues, they often fail to tackle the deeper, structural barriers that prevent people with disabilities from fully engaging with your website. Worse, relying on overlays can give businesses a false sense of compliance, leaving them vulnerable to legal action and alienating users who need genuine accessibility improvements.

Real accessibility requires a proactive, thoughtful approach—one that prioritizes clean code, user testing, and ongoing education. By investing in these strategies, you can create a website that is not just compliant with legal standards but genuinely inclusive for everyone.

If you’re ready to move past quick fixes and build a site that welcomes all users, 216digital is here to help. We offer expert accessibility audits, training, and monitoring services to ensure your website meets WCAG standards and delivers a seamless experience for every visitor. Reach out to us today to schedule an ADA compliance briefing and take the first step toward meaningful, lasting accessibility.

Let’s build a more inclusive digital world—together.
Greg McNeil

December 30, 2024

Web Accessibility Remediation

Overlay, Overlay widgets, screen overlays, Web Accessibility, Website Accessibility
DOJ’s Push for WCAG Compliance: Are You Ready?
The Department of Justice (DOJ) is turning up the heat on web accessibility. They’ve made it crystal clear: if you run a business, your website needs to follow the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG). Take Springfield Clinic as an example. This private medical practice was required to make its website, patient portals, and mobile apps meet WCAG 2.1 AA standards. It’s a wake-up call for all businesses—WCAG compliance isn’t just nice to have; it’s a must-have.

Why Does the DOJ Care About Accessibility?

The DOJ’s focus comes from the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). Under Title III of the ADA, businesses must make their services available to people with disabilities—this includes websites and apps. In today’s world, many people rely on digital platforms to access healthcare, shopping, and other services. If those platforms aren’t accessible, people with disabilities are left out.

U.S. v. Springfield Clinic, LLC

In the Springfield Clinic case, the DOJ found problems that made it hard for people with visual and manual impairments to use the website and patient portals. For example, images had no alternative text, and parts of the site were hard to use with just a keyboard. By demanding WCAG 2.1 AA compliance, the DOJ showed that these guidelines are key to making digital services fair for all.

As part of their settlement, Springfield Clinic agreed to:
- Review all their digital platforms (website, patient portals, and mobile apps).
- Fix major issues right away.
- Create a long-term plan to stay accessible.
- Train staff on best practices for web accessibility.
This case is a clear warning sign. Businesses must act now to avoid legal trouble later.

What This Means for Businesses

Springfield Clinic isn’t alone. The DOJ is watching more industries than ever, and WCAG compliance is now seen as a legal requirement. Ignoring it can lead to:

Legal Trouble

ADA lawsuits related to web accessibility are increasing year after year. In 2024, over 4,000 lawsuits were filed in federal and state courts, with a staggering 41% of these cases identified as copycat litigation. These lawsuits can cost businesses anywhere from $10,000 to $100,000 or more, depending on the severity of the issues and settlement terms. On top of that, companies may face ongoing costs to monitor and maintain accessibility as part of court agreements. Proactively addressing accessibility issues can help you avoid these legal pitfalls and the stress that comes with them.

Bad PR

When businesses are accused of excluding people with disabilities, it can quickly become a public relations nightmare. A 2020 survey found that 73% of consumers are more likely to support brands that are inclusive and accessible. Negative press about inaccessibility can erode trust, leading customers to take their business elsewhere. In the age of social media, even one complaint can go viral, causing long-term damage to your reputation. Prioritizing accessibility shows that your business values inclusivity, which builds loyalty and strengthens your brand image.

Lost Customers

Accessibility isn’t just the right thing to do—it’s good for business. According to the CDC, 1 in 4 people in the US live with a disability. That’s a massive market segment that businesses risk excluding when their websites aren’t accessible. Furthermore, the spending power of people with disabilities, along with their families and advocates, is estimated at $13 trillion globally. Beyond the direct financial impact, think about the ripple effect: customers with disabilities are likely to recommend accessible businesses to others. Making your website accessible ensures you’re welcoming everyone to your digital storefront.

What Is WCAG Compliance?

WCAG stands for Web Content Accessibility Guidelines. Created by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), these guidelines act as a roadmap for making websites, apps, and other digital platforms accessible to everyone, including people with disabilities. WCAG is widely recognized as the global standard for digital accessibility and is the framework many businesses follow to ensure their websites meet legal requirements and provide inclusive experiences.

At its core, WCAG is all about removing barriers. It’s designed to help developers and designers create content that works for people with a wide range of disabilities, including visual, auditory, physical, speech, cognitive, and neurological challenges. The goal is to make the web a place where everyone can participate, regardless of their abilities.

The Four Principles of WCAG (POUR)

WCAG is built on four key principles:
- Perceivable: Information and user interface components must be presented in ways that people can perceive. This includes features like alt text for images and captions for videos.
- Operable: Users must be able to interact with all elements of the site, whether they’re using a mouse, keyboard, or assistive technology like a screen reader.
- Understandable: Content should be clear and easy to follow. This means avoiding overly complicated text and ensuring navigation is consistent.
- Robust: Content should be built to work with assistive technologies now and in the future. This ensures that websites adapt as technology evolves.
Levels of WCAG Compliance

WCAG compliance is divided into three levels:
- A: The most basic level of accessibility.
- AA: The standard most businesses aim for because it addresses the biggest barriers for users.
- AAA: The highest level of accessibility, though it’s not practical or required for all content.
By following these guidelines, businesses can make their websites and apps easier to use for everyone while staying compliant with laws like the ADA. It’s not just about avoiding legal trouble—it’s about creating a more inclusive, user-friendly experience for all.

How to Make Your Website WCAG Compliant

Taking steps toward accessibility can feel overwhelming, but you can break it down:

Understand Web Accessibility Guidelines

The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) are a set of standards designed to make web content more accessible. Familiarize yourself with these guidelines to understand what needs to be done. They cover aspects like text readability, alternative text for images, and keyboard navigation.

Conduct a Website Audit

Regularly audit your website for accessibility issues. There are tools available online that can help you identify problems, such as missing alt text for images or issues with color contrast. Consulting with a specialist firm like 216digital to conduct a thorough audit can also be a wise investment.

Implement Ongoing Training

Train your staff, especially those involved in website management and content creation, about web accessibility. This helps create a culture of inclusivity and ensures that accessibility remains a priority.

Stay Informed and Up-to-Date

Web accessibility standards and best practices can evolve over time. Stay informed about any changes and make updates to your website as necessary to remain compliant.

Ongoing Monitoring

WCAG Compliance is not a one-time task with 216digital’s Accessibility Radar (a11y.Radar) service providing ongoing monitoring of your website or app to detect any new accessibility issues that may arise over time. This proactive approach helps prevent potential violations before they lead to costly lawsuits.”

Wrapping Up

The DOJ’s focus on WCAG standards is a big deal. The Springfield Clinic case proves that accessibility matters. This isn’t just about avoiding problems. It’s about creating online spaces where everyone can belong.

Don’t wait. Start working on WCAG compliance today. Protect your business, build your reputation, and make your site better for everyone.

Need help? Schedule an ADA briefing with 216digital using the contact form below. We’re ready to guide you through the process.
Greg McNeil

December 27, 2024

Legal Compliance

DOJ, POUR, WCAG, WCAG Compliance, WCAG conformance
What is WAI? Making the Web Accessible to Everyone
Have you ever thought about how your website works for people with disabilities? The internet is a fantastic resource, but not everyone experiences it in the same way. For some, barriers like visual, auditory, or motor impairments can turn navigating a website into a frustrating process. That’s where the Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI) comes in—an essential part of making the internet a place where everyone can connect, learn, and share, no matter their abilities.

Created by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), WAI focuses on ensuring that websites, apps, and other online tools are accessible to people with disabilities. Let’s dive into what WAI does, why it matters, and how its guidelines, like the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG), help shape a better web for all.

The Role of WAI in Web Accessibility

At its core, WAI is all about creating a more inclusive internet. The initiative develops resources, guidelines, and standards to make sure digital content is accessible to everyone, including people who are blind, deaf, or have physical, cognitive, or neurological disabilities. By collaborating with governments, organizations, and companies around the globe, WAI helps shape a digital world where no one is left behind.

Why Accessibility Matters

Think about how much we rely on the internet for work, school, shopping, and staying connected. In fact, 28.7% of adults in the U.S. live with some form of disability, and an inaccessible website can be a significant barrier. If your site isn’t accessible, you’re unintentionally shutting out a large portion of the population.

By making your site accessible, you’re not just widening your audience—you’re also promoting fairness and inclusivity. Plus, accessible websites tend to be more user-friendly for everyone, which benefits all your visitors.

The Foundation of WCAG: Four Key Principles

One of WAI’s most significant contributions is WCAG—a roadmap for designing websites that work for everyone. These guidelines are built on four key principles, often summarized as POUR:

Perceivable

Make sure users can access the information on your site, regardless of how they interact with it. This includes adding text alternatives (alt text) to images for screen readers, providing captions for videos, and ensuring text is compatible with assistive technologies.

Operable

Your website must be easy to navigate and use. This means ensuring that all functions can be controlled with a keyboard or voice commands, and avoiding flashing content that could trigger seizures or other issues.

Understandable

Keep the content clear, consistent, and logical. Use plain language, label forms clearly, and offer helpful instructions. When websites are too complicated, it can frustrate users—especially those with cognitive disabilities.

Robust

Your site should work across various devices and assistive technologies, and it should remain usable as technology evolves. This future-proofing ensures that your accessibility efforts have a lasting impact.

WCAG Levels: Aiming for Level AA Compliance

WCAG has three levels of compliance: A (basic), AA (ideal for most businesses), and AAA (highest). For online businesses, meeting WCAG Level AA compliance is a practical, effective, and often legally required goal. At Level AA, you’ll address key accessibility requirements, like:
- Adding alt text for images and videos.
- Ensuring text can be resized without losing functionality.
- Providing sufficient color contrast for readability.
- Keeping navigation consistent and intuitive.
These measures aren’t just about ticking a compliance box—they create a better online experience for everyone, including older adults, people using assistive technology, or even those on mobile devices with slow internet connections.

How WAI Benefits Your Business

For online businesses, embracing the principles of WAI and WCAG isn’t just about doing the right thing—it’s also a smart move. Here’s why:
- Widen Your Audience: An accessible website reaches more users, including those with disabilities, older adults, and anyone relying on assistive tools.
- Boost Your SEO: Search engines often favor accessible sites, as features like alt text and clear headings make it easier to crawl and index your content.
- Avoid Legal Risks: In many regions, WCAG compliance is a legal requirement for public sector websites and a growing concern for private businesses facing accessibility lawsuits.
- Improve User Experience: Accessibility best practices, such as logical structure and user-friendly forms, make browsing more enjoyable for all visitors.
Getting Started with WAI’s Guidelines

If you’re a business owner, web developer, or content creator, you might feel overwhelmed about meeting accessibility standards. Fortunately, WAI offers plenty of resources to guide you. Here are some steps to get started:
1. Familiarize Yourself with WCAG: Review the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines. Start with Level A compliance and work your way to Level AA.
2. Perform an Accessibility Audit: Use tools like Google Lighthouse or WAVE to check your website’s accessibility. These tools can identify issues like missing alt text, low color contrast, or navigation problems.
3. Make Small, Impactful Changes: Begin by addressing the most critical issues. For example, ensure your site allows for keyboard navigation, add captions to videos, and improve text readability.
4. Test with Real Users: Involve people with disabilities in testing your website. Their feedback is invaluable in spotting challenges and ensuring your site is truly accessible.
WAI’s Global Impact

WAI’s influence extends beyond individual businesses or websites, playing a critical role in setting international standards for web accessibility. Governments, educational institutions, and organizations worldwide often adopt WCAG as a benchmark for their digital content. This widespread adoption underscores how vital accessibility is to creating an inclusive online environment.

By providing clear, actionable guidelines, WAI empowers developers and designers to create websites that serve the needs of a diverse audience—no matter their abilities.

Why Accessibility is Everyone’s Responsibility

WAI’s work reminds us that accessibility isn’t just a technical requirement—it’s about fairness, equality, and opening doors for everyone. When you make your website accessible, you’re contributing to a world where people of all abilities have the same opportunities to participate, learn, work, and thrive online.

A Better Web for All

The Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI) is more than just a set of rules—it’s a movement to create a web that works for everyone. With its tools and guidelines, WAI helps businesses and developers make digital spaces inclusive and user-friendly. From the foundational principles of WCAG to the importance of meeting Level AA compliance, WAI’s contributions are shaping a more accessible internet.

If you’re building a website or running an online business, following WAI’s guidance is essential. By embracing accessibility, you’re opening the door to more customers, improving the user experience, and contributing to a more welcoming, equitable digital world.

Ready to make your website more accessible? Schedule a call with 216digital today for a briefing on how we can help you meet WAI standards and create a web experience that’s inclusive, compliant, and effective. Together, we can make your website a better place for everyone!
Greg McNeil

December 26, 2024

WCAG Compliance

POUR, W3C, WAI, Web Accessibility
Keyboard Navigation: A Guide to Accessible Web Testing
Have you ever tried using the internet without a mouse?

For millions of people, that’s not just a thought experiment—it’s how they navigate the internet every day. Whether it’s because of physical limitations, visual impairments, or using assistive tech, the keyboard is their main tool. But here’s the thing: if your website doesn’t work smoothly with a keyboard, you’re not just creating a frustrating experience—you’re leaving people behind.

So, how does your site stack up? Let’s dive into why keyboard navigation matters and how it plays a key role in building an accessible web.

Why Keyboard Navigation Matters

Keyboard navigation is a lifeline for users who can’t rely on a mouse due to physical limitations, visual impairments, or the use of assistive technologies. Moreover, it’s an excellent starting point for testing overall web accessibility. If your website works seamlessly with a keyboard, you’re likely on track to create an inclusive experience for all users.

How to Navigate a Website with Keyboard Shortcuts

Before you start testing your website’s accessibility, it’s helpful to understand the most common keyboard shortcuts users rely on. These shortcuts allow people to move through links, buttons, forms, and other interactive elements.
- Tab Key: Moves focus to the next interactive element.
- Shift + Tab: Moves focus to the previous element.
- Enter or Spacebar: Activates a focused element, such as clicking a link or button.
- Arrow Keys: Scroll through pages or navigate dropdown menus.
- Escape (Esc): Closes modals, dropdowns, or pop-ups.
- Ctrl + F: Opens a search bar (in most browsers) to find specific content on the page.
For Mac users on Safari, enabling full keyboard navigation is a quick adjustment:
1. Open Safari Preferences.
2. Go to the Advanced tab.
3. Check the box next to “Press Tab to highlight each item on a webpage.”
With these basics in mind, you’re ready to put your website to the test.

Testing Your Website for Keyboard Navigation

Keyboard testing doesn’t require fancy tools—just a keyboard, a browser, and a little know-how. Follow this step-by-step guide to evaluate your site’s accessibility.

Start with the Basics: Can You Navigate Without a Mouse?

Unplug your mouse and navigate through your homepage and other key pages using only the keyboard. Can you access all essential features and content?

Check Focus Indicators

Focus indicators are crucial for users who rely on visual cues. As you use the Tab key, ensure there’s a visible outline around the element currently in focus. Check for the following:
- The focus indicator is easy to see and contrasts well with the background.
- The focus moves logically through elements in the order they appear on the page.
If the focus jumps around or disappears, it creates a frustrating experience for users.

Test Interactive Elements

Interactive elements like buttons, links, and form fields should be fully accessible. Specifically:
- Can you submit a form using the Enter or Spacebar key?
- Can you open and close modals or dropdown menus with the keyboard?
- Do navigation menus function seamlessly?
Verify Skip Navigation Links

Skip navigation links allow users to bypass repetitive elements, like menus, and jump straight to the main content. To check this:
- Ensure the skip navigation link is present and functional.
- Verify it’s one of the first focusable elements when using the Tab key.
Watch Out for Keyboard Traps

Keyboard traps occur when users get stuck in an element, like a modal or widget, and can’t move forward. Ensure users can exit these areas by pressing the Escape key or tabbing out.

Tips for Better Keyboard Navigation

Creating an accessible website doesn’t happen by accident. Here are a few tips to enhance keyboard navigation for all users:
- Design with Focus in Mind: Use CSS to style focus outlines for clarity and visibility. Avoid removing focus outlines entirely.
- Ensure Logical Focus Order: Use semantic HTML (e.g., <button> and <a>) and avoid custom elements that might disrupt natural focus flow.
- Leverage ARIA Roles and Labels: Use ARIA (Accessible Rich Internet Applications) roles and labels to make custom components like sliders or dropdowns keyboard accessible.
- Test Regularly: Accessibility is not a one-and-done task. Regular testing ensures your website stays accessible as it evolves.
Common Challenges and How to Address Them

Even with the best intentions, challenges may arise. Here are some common issues and solutions:
- Invisible Focus: Use the :focus pseudo-class in CSS to style interactive elements for better visibility.
- Complex Widgets: Components like carousels or accordions can lack keyboard support. Build these elements with accessibility in mind or use accessible libraries.
- Poorly Labeled Links: Ensure all links and buttons have clear, descriptive text or labels so users know what action they’ll perform.
Why Focus on Keyboard Navigation?

Beyond accessibility, testing your website for keyboard navigation improves overall user experience and usability. Keyboard accessibility is often a foundation for ensuring compatibility with screen readers and other assistive technologies. If your website works well for a keyboard user, it’s likely on its way to meeting broader accessibility standards like WCAG 2.1.

Next Steps: Make Your Website Keyboard-Accessible

Keyboard navigation is more than just a best practice—it’s a cornerstone of inclusive design that invites everyone to participate fully on the web. By ensuring your site is keyboard-accessible, you create a welcoming experience for users of all abilities, reinforce your brand’s commitment to accessibility, and lay a strong foundation for broader ADA compliance.

If you’re ready to take the next step toward digital inclusion, reach out to 216digital to schedule an ADA briefing. We’ll help you assess your website, develop a tailored plan, and guide you through the process of building an online presence that works for everyone. Don’t wait—contact us today and let’s make the internet a more accessible place together.
Greg McNeil

December 24, 2024

How-to Guides, Testing & Remediation

Accessibility testing, keyboard accessibility, Keyboard Navigation, User Experience, Web Accessibility
Accessibility Tax Credit: A Boost for Small Businesses
Web accessibility is becoming a bigger focus for businesses of all sizes. Not only is it about doing the right thing ethically, but it also helps avoid legal issues. Still, many small businesses hesitate to make accessibility improvements because they worry the costs will be too much. What many don’t realize is there’s a tax credit designed to ease those expenses: the Disabled Access Credit, often called the Web Accessibility Tax Credit. This lesser-known benefit can lighten the financial load while encouraging inclusivity. Let’s break down this tax credit, how it works, and how small businesses can use it to set themselves up for long-term success.

Understanding the Web Accessibility Tax Credit

The Disabled Access Credit, outlined in Section 44 of the IRS Code, is a federal tax credit available to eligible small businesses. It’s there to help cover costs related to becoming ADA-compliant. While the ADA is often associated with physical accommodations like wheelchair ramps or accessible restrooms, it also applies to digital spaces. That means the credit can be used for website updates to meet the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) —the technical standards for making digital content inclusive.

For small businesses, this tax credit can make a big difference. Whether you’re hiring someone to do an accessibility audit or purchasing software to improve your site’s functionality, those costs can add up fast. By using the Disabled Access Credit, you can make these improvements much more affordable, creating a welcoming online space for all users.

Why the Accessibility Tax Credit Is a Hidden Gem

Despite its benefits, the Disabled Access Credit isn’t widely used. Part of the reason is that many small business owners simply aren’t aware it exists. Others assume it only applies to physical accessibility upgrades, like installing ramps or widening doorways. But the IRS has made it clear—digital accessibility counts too.

This means countless small businesses miss out on a financial boost that could:
- Offset Accessibility Costs: The credit covers up to 50% of eligible expenses, so you can make improvements without straining your budget.
- Invest in Long-Term Benefits: Accessibility often leads to better user experiences, which helps keep customers coming back.
- Reduce Legal Risks: Proactively addressing accessibility can protect your business from costly lawsuits and reputational damage.
With websites being such a vital part of modern business, making yours accessible can open doors to new audiences and opportunities.

Eligibility Criteria: Does Your Business Qualify?

Not every business can take advantage of the Web Accessibility Tax Credit. Here’s a quick look at the criteria:
- Small Business Status: Your business must have annual gross receipts of $1 million or less from the previous year OR employ 30 or fewer full-time employees.
- Qualifying Expenses: Costs related to removing barriers for people with disabilities—such as making your website WCAG-compliant—are covered.
- Non-Profit Exclusion: Unfortunately, nonprofits don’t qualify for this credit.
If you meet these requirements, you’re in a great position to benefit. Even if you’re close to the revenue or employee threshold, it’s worth double-checking your records to make sure you don’t miss out.

Qualifying Expenses: What Can the Accessibility Tax Credit Cover?

The Disabled Access Credit can cover 50% of eligible expenses over $250, up to a maximum of $5,000 annually. Here are some common expenses that qualify:
- Accessibility Audits: Costs for professional evaluations, including both automated and manual testing of your website.
- Website Modifications: Updates like improved navigation, keyboard functionality, and adding alt text for images.
- Assistive Technology: Tools like screen readers or captioning software for users with disabilities.
- Training: Employee training on accessibility best practices to maintain compliance over time.
For example, if you spend $7,000 on a full accessibility overhaul, subtracting the first $250 leaves $6,750. Applying the 50% credit gives you $3,375 back—a significant savings that can go a long way for a small business.

Steps to Claim the Web Accessibility Tax Credit

Claiming the Disabled Access Credit might sound tricky, but it’s simpler than you think:
1. Talk to a Tax Professional: An accountant or tax advisor familiar with small business tax incentives can confirm your eligibility, guide you through documentation, and suggest the best approach to claiming the credit.
2. Keep Track of Expenses: Save all receipts and invoices for accessibility-related costs, from software to consultant fees.
3. File IRS Form 8826: Attach this form to your annual tax return to claim the credit. Ensure all figures are accurate and supported by the documentation you’ve collected.
4. Consider a Phased Approach: If your total accessibility costs exceed $10,250 in a single year, you may wish to spread your projects across multiple tax years to maximize the annual $5,000 credit. This strategy ensures you continually invest in accessibility without losing out on potential credits.
How Accessibility Enhances Your Business

Some business owners see accessibility as just another expense, but it’s actually a smart investment. Here’s why:
- Reach a Bigger Audience: Around 28.7% of U.S. adults have some disability. Making your site accessible means you’re welcoming a large and often overlooked customer base.
- Improve SEO: Accessibility best practices—like clear headings and descriptive alt text—can also boost your search engine rankings.
- Enhance User Experience: Clear navigation, labeled buttons, and proper color contrast benefit all users, not just those with disabilities.
- Prepare for the Future: ADA-related lawsuits are on the rise. Staying on top of accessibility now can save you legal headaches later.
By prioritizing accessibility, you’re not just checking a box—you’re making a strategic move that benefits your customers and your business.

Practical Tips for Getting Started

If you’re ready to take the plunge into web accessibility and leverage the available tax credit, here are some steps you can take right now:
1. Perform an Accessibility Audit: Use either free automated tools or hire an accessibility consultant to identify your biggest compliance gaps. This will give you a clear roadmap of where you need to make improvements.
2. Set a Budget: Determine how much you can invest and calculate how much of that can be offset by the Disabled Access Credit.
3. Partner with Experts: From web developers specializing in accessible design to training programs that teach your staff how to update content accessibly, a range of expert services can expedite and enhance your compliance efforts.
4. Monitor Progress: Web accessibility isn’t a one-and-done task. Standards evolve, and so do websites. Continually test, update, and refine to stay compliant and maintain a user-friendly experience.
Final Thoughts: A Win-Win Opportunity

The Web Accessibility Tax Credit is a powerful tool that can help small businesses build inclusive, user-friendly websites without taking on the entire financial burden. From improving customer satisfaction to staying compliant with ADA regulations, accessibility has benefits that go far beyond the tax credit.

Ready to get started? Schedule an ADA briefing with 216digital today. Let us help you create an accessible website that strengthens your brand, expands your audience, and positions your business for success.
Greg McNeil

December 23, 2024

The Benefits of Web Accessibility, Web Accessibility Remediation

accessibility tax credit, Disabled Access Credit, tax credit, Web Accessibility
Why Website Accessibility Should Your New Year’s Resolution
As each New Year begins, we all look for ways to improve. Some people aim to eat healthier or learn a new skill. Others plan to grow their business or find new ways to help their community. This year, consider making website accessibility your top goal. By doing so, you can help create a more inclusive online experience while also boosting your company’s success. In this article, we will look at why website accessibility matters, how it helps your business, and what steps you can take to get started.

What Is Website Accessibility?

When people talk about website accessibility, they are talking about making sure that everyone can use a website. This means people who are blind, have low vision, are deaf, have hearing loss, or have other disabilities. For example, many users rely on screen readers to read text out loud if they cannot see the screen well. Others may navigate only with a keyboard if they have trouble using a mouse.

Making your site accessible helps all users find the information they need. It also shows that you respect and value every visitor. Most importantly, it creates an inclusive online space where everyone can participate.

Why Focus on Website Accessibility?

Inclusivity

One main reason to focus on website accessibility is to make sure people with disabilities have the same chances as everyone else. It can feel frustrating when someone cannot use a website because images don’t have text descriptions or the site requires the user to click small buttons they can’t see. By updating your site to be accessible, you send a message that you care about all visitors.

Better User Experience

Another reason to care about website accessibility is that it improves the user experience for everyone. For example, providing clear and simple navigation helps people with vision or mobility issues. But it also allows users on mobile phones who want easy buttons and menus. By making your site clear, organized, and simple, you help all visitors find what they need faster.

Search Engine Optimization (SEO)

Many of the steps you take to improve website accessibility also make your site more search-engine friendly. Search engines like Google look for well-structured content, headings, and alternative text for images. These are the same features that help people who use screen readers. As a result, when you improve your site’s accessibility, you can also see a boost in your SEO. This can lead to more site visitors and potential customers.

Avoiding Legal Risks

In some places, it is the law that businesses must make reasonable efforts to ensure website accessibility. If a site is inaccessible, there could be legal consequences, such as lawsuits or fines. By taking the time to keep your site accessible, you protect your business from these risks.

Future-Proofing Your Website

Staying on top of website accessibility helps future-proof your site as technology changes. When new devices or tools come out, users with disabilities may rely on them to access the web. A site that follows best practices for accessibility will likely work well with new devices and software.

Steps for Getting Started with Website Accessibility

1. Conduct an Accessibility Audit

A good place to start with website accessibility is to run an accessibility audit. This can show you where your site is working well and where you need to improve. You can use online tools like WAVE Web Accessibility Evaluation Tool or Google Lighthouse to scan your web pages. These tools will point out errors, like missing image text or poor color contrast.
- Check for Alt Text: One of the first things these tools look for is alt text for images. This text should describe the image so that people using screen readers know what it shows.
- Inspect Headings: Proper headings (H1, H2, H3, etc.) make it easier for users and search engines to understand your content. They also help screen readers tell listeners what section of the page they’re on.
2. Improve Color Contrast

Many people have trouble reading text if the colors do not have enough contrast. For instance, gray text on a white background can be hard to see, even for people without vision disabilities. Try using a tool like WebAIM’s Color Contrast Checker to make sure your text stands out from the background.

3. Make Your Site Keyboard-Friendly

Some people cannot use a mouse. Instead, they use the keyboard to move from button to button on a page. Make sure that all interactive parts of your site, such as links and forms, can be reached and used by pressing Tab or the arrow keys. You can test this by trying to use your site without a mouse.

4. Use Clear Labels and Instructions

Forms, buttons, and links should have labels that tell people what they do. For example, avoid using a button that says “Click Here.” Instead, use a phrase like “Sign Up for Our Newsletter.” This helps visitors understand what action they’re taking. It also helps users who rely on screen readers since the screen reader will say the label out loud.

5. Provide Captions and Transcripts

If you have videos or audio content on your site, make sure you have captions for people who are deaf or hard of hearing. You can also provide written transcripts. This way, all users can understand your content, even if they cannot hear the audio.

6. Follow the WCAG Guidelines

The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) offer detailed advice on how to make sites more accessible. They cover things like color contrast, text size, and how to handle media. While the guidelines can be lengthy, you don’t need to tackle everything simultaneously. Pick the biggest problems first, then work on the rest over time.

Technical Explanations in Simple Terms
- Screen Readers: These programs read text on a screen out loud. People who cannot see well often rely on them to use the web. If your site lacks alt text or uses odd layouts, it can confuse screen readers.
- ARIA Labels: These are extra bits of code that tell assistive technologies how to treat specific parts of a website. They are used when basic HTML tags aren’t enough to explain what something is or does.
- Semantic HTML: This means using HTML tags the way they were meant to be used. For example, using the <header> tag for your header and <main> for your main content. Semantic HTML makes reading your site easier for browsers and assistive tools.
Links to Additional Resources
- W3C Web Accessibility Initiative: This is the group that creates the official guidelines on web accessibility.
- WebAIM: They offer articles, tools, and services to improve accessibility.
- The A11Y Project: A community-driven site with accessibility resources, tips, and tools.
- National Center on Disability and Access to Education (NCDAE): Provides resources on creating accessible web content for education and beyond.
Embracing Accessibility as a Competitive Advantage

Improving website accessibility can make you stand out from your competition. People notice when a site is easy to use and welcoming. They are also likely to return if they had a good first experience. In today’s online world, building a site and hoping for the best is not enough. Making it accessible can bring new customers and keep the ones you already have happy.

Committing to Website Accessibility for 2025

Focusing on website accessibility sets you up for long-term success. By making your site inclusive, you show you care about all visitors, protect your business from legal risks, and improve SEO while creating a more welcoming internet for everyone.

Start the New Year with an accessibility audit and tackle high-impact fixes like adding alt text, improving contrast, and ensuring keyboard navigation. Each step brings you closer to a more inclusive and future-proof site.

Ready to take action? Schedule an ADA briefing with 216digital today. Let us help you build a compliant and inclusive digital presence for 2025 and beyond!
Greg McNeil

December 20, 2024

The Benefits of Web Accessibility, Web Accessibility Remediation

2025, New Year's Resolution, Web Accessibility, Website Accessibility
Play Your Part: Role-Based Advice for Web Accessibility

When you first dive into web accessibility, it’s completely normal to feel a bit overwhelmed—there are so many things to consider. But making sure your website works for everyone isn’t just a one-time fix; it’s a group effort that involves every role on your team. Developers, designers, content creators, marketers, and website owners all contribute their own strengths and insights. When everyone’s efforts line up, you create a smooth, inclusive experience for all your users.

This guide is for teams who are already working on—or are fully committed to—improving their websites. It’s packed with practical, role-specific tips to help you approach accessibility in a way that’s both strategic and effective. Whether you’re refining your code, fine-tuning your visuals, crafting inclusive content, or ensuring your brand message is accessible, you’ll find helpful, targeted advice for your particular responsibilities. Together, these steps ensure your site meets the needs of every user while staying on top of WCAG compliance. Let’s jump in and see how each role plays a part in building a more accessible web.

Developers: Building the Accessible Foundation

Developers form the core of any website—they’re the ones who take an idea and turn it into a working reality. When it comes to WCAG compliance, the quality of your code truly matters. By following accessibility best practices from the get-go, you help guarantee that everyone can use your site, right from the start.

Practical Tips for Developers

Semantic HTML and Proper Structure

Use semantic HTML elements like <header>, <nav>, <main>, and <footer> to support screen readers and other assistive tech. Keep headings and landmarks organized, so users can navigate your site with ease.

Keyboard Navigation

Make sure all interactive elements—buttons, links, and form fields—work smoothly using just a keyboard. This isn’t just about meeting standards; it’s also a big help to people with motor impairments who can’t rely on a mouse.

ARIA Attributes

ARIA (Accessible Rich Internet Applications) attributes can add valuable context, but use them wisely. Overdoing it can confuse rather than help.

Robust Error Handling

Provide clear, accessible error messages and confirmations for form submissions. When users understand what went wrong and how to fix it, they’re more likely to stay engaged.

By building accessibility directly into your code, you set a strong foundation for WCAG compliance and create a reliable platform that benefits every other role on your team.

Graphic Designers: Creating Inclusive Visuals

Graphic designers can help shape accessibility by making sure the website’s visual elements are both attractive and functional. You don’t have to sacrifice creativity for inclusivity—instead, design with everyone’s needs in mind.

Practical Tips for Graphic Designers

Color Contrast

Ensure there’s enough contrast between text and background elements. Check your color choices against WCAG guidelines so people with low vision or color blindness can still see everything clearly.

Scalable Designs

Plan for responsive and scalable design. Users who rely on screen magnification should still see a layout that’s visually appealing and makes sense.

Accessible Icons and Imagery

Give icons and images proper alt text, and avoid using color alone to convey meaning. This helps users who depend on screen readers understand your site’s visuals.

Consistent Design Patterns

Reusable design elements and predictable navigation make it easier for everyone, including those with disabilities, to find their way around.

By focusing on inclusive visuals, you ensure the site looks great and works smoothly—even for those using assistive technologies—moving you one step closer to WCAG compliance.

Content Creators: Writing for All Audiences

Your words matter. As a content creator, it’s your job to make sure the text on your website is clear, easy to understand, and accessible to everyone. Inclusive content goes beyond grammar and style; it also means structuring your writing to support people with different abilities.

Practical Tips for Content Creators

Plain Language

Keep your language simple and direct. Steer clear of jargon or overly complex sentences so users of all backgrounds and reading levels can follow along.

Heading Hierarchies and Lists

Break content into logical sections with headings, bullet points, and numbered lists. Many users rely on these elements to “jump” between sections and navigate quickly.

Descriptive Links

Swap out vague phrases like “click here” for links that clearly describe the destination. This small change can make a huge difference in accessibility.

Closed Captions and Transcripts

For videos and podcasts, always provide captions and transcripts. This ensures that users who are deaf or hard of hearing don’t miss out on any information.

By considering everyone’s needs when writing content, you help make your site more engaging, accessible, and in line with WCAG standards.

Marketers: Promoting Accessibility as a Brand Value

Marketers bridge the gap between the company and its audience. When you emphasize accessibility in your messaging, you’re not just showing you meet the guidelines—you’re proving you care. Highlighting your commitment to WCAG compliance can foster trust, build loyalty, and boost your brand’s reputation.

Practical Tips for Marketers

Inclusive Messaging

Talk openly about your brand’s dedication to accessibility. Use language that’s positive, empathetic, and respectful, making it clear that you value inclusivity.

Transparent Policies

Publish your accessibility statements and share your ongoing efforts. This honesty reassures people with disabilities and shows your brand is serious about doing the right thing.

Social Media and Email Marketing

Ensure your emails, ads, and social posts are accessible, too. Add alt text to images, use clear language, and include descriptive hashtags so everyone can participate.

Continuous Feedback

Invite users to share their thoughts on your site’s accessibility. By listening and improving, you show that your commitment to WCAG compliance isn’t just talk.

When marketers celebrate their brand’s accessibility journey, they create a positive narrative that resonates with a wide, diverse audience and strengthens brand loyalty.

Website Owners: Setting the Vision and Investing in Ongoing Compliance

As a website owner, you’re the one steering the ship in terms of resources, priorities, and long-term strategy. Achieving WCAG compliance isn’t something you do once and forget—it’s a continuous process. Owners need to keep accessibility front and center, provide the right tools, and foster a culture that values inclusive design.

Practical Tips for Website Owners

Leadership and Accountability

Make accessibility a non-negotiable core value. By setting clear expectations and holding everyone accountable, you empower each team member to do their part.

Budget for Accessibility

Invest in accessibility tools, auditing services, and training. Recognize that these efforts aren’t just expenses—they add value, protect you from legal risks, and improve user experience.

Regular Audits and Updates

Accessibility changes over time. Stay on top of it by revisiting your site regularly and making improvements as standards and user needs evolve.

Team Training

Tap into resources like 216digital’s web accessibility training to give your team the skills they need. By training developers, designers, content creators, and marketers, you ensure everyone’s working together toward WCAG compliance.

By providing clear leadership and long-term support, you set the stage for ongoing success. Accessibility becomes everyone’s priority, not just another item on a checklist.

Collaboration and Continuous Improvement

The journey to WCAG compliance isn’t a straight line—it’s a continuous loop of learning, adapting, and improving. When each person on your team understands their unique role and how it fits into the bigger picture, the result is a cohesive, user-friendly experience that truly works for everyone.

This is where a comprehensive training resource like the one from 216digital comes in handy. By investing in accessibility training that’s tailored to each role, you make sure every team member feels confident and supported. Developers learn best practices for semantic code, designers refine their approach to inclusive visuals, content creators craft language everyone can understand, and marketers become champions of accessibility. As a website owner, you can rest easy knowing your entire team is dedicated to meeting and maintaining WCAG compliance.

Remember, accessibility isn’t a final destination—it’s an ongoing journey. Working together and following these role-specific tips will help you build sites that aren’t just legally compliant, but genuinely welcoming to every visitor. This approach enhances trust, expands your audience, and reinforces your brand’s good name.

Ready to take the next step? Schedule an ADA briefing with 216digital through the contact form below. Let’s join forces to create a web experience that’s truly inclusive for all.

Greg McNeil

December 19, 2024

WCAG Compliance

Accessibility, ADA Compliance, Graphic Designer, Marketer, Web Accessibility, web developers, Website Accessibility
Measuring Accessibility: How It Impacts Marketing Goals

You’ve invested time, effort, and resources into making your website accessible—now what? Whether you’ve completed web accessibility remediation or are actively planning it, the next step is understanding how these changes impact your business goals. Accessibility improvements aren’t just about compliance; they’re about driving measurable results. From website traffic to engagement and conversion rates, every change you make has the potential to influence key marketing metrics.

But how do you connect the dots between accessibility and performance? Measuring the impact of your efforts can provide powerful insights, helping you refine your strategy and justify the investment. Below, we’ll explore which core metrics to watch, how to set up effective measurement techniques, and how to interpret these findings so that they can shape your ongoing marketing strategy.

Understanding the Marketing Payoff of Accessibility Improvements

When you enhance your site to be more accessible—maybe by improving color contrast, refining navigation for keyboard users, adding descriptive alt text to images, or ensuring multimedia content includes transcripts and captions—you’re helping visitors of all abilities have a smoother, more intuitive experience. While that’s a worthy goal in itself, these improvements can also influence how people engage with your brand online.

A More Welcoming Experience for Everyone

Accessibility isn’t only for users with disabilities; often, making content easier to parse benefits all visitors. A cleaner interface, clearer calls-to-action, and faster loading times can reduce frustration and encourage visitors to stay longer, explore more deeply, and trust your brand’s commitment to serving them.

Building on Existing Marketing Foundations

If you’ve already fine-tuned SEO, user experience (UX) design, or content marketing, accessibility improvements can boost the effectiveness of these efforts. For instance, when images have descriptive alt text, it doesn’t just help screen reader users—it also can support better image search rankings. In short, accessibility can amplify the impact of the marketing strategies you’ve worked hard to build.

Key Marketing Metrics to Monitor

To measure how accessibility changes influence your marketing goals, focus on core metrics that tell a story about user behavior, engagement, and conversion. Before implementing changes, establish benchmarks for these metrics so you can accurately track growth over time.

1. Website Traffic

Your site’s overall traffic and traffic sources can signal whether accessibility is drawing in new users or encouraging return visits. After implementing accessibility improvements, compare monthly or quarterly traffic data to your benchmarks. If the number of unique visitors increases or if you see a rise in organic search traffic, it may be partly due to your site becoming easier to navigate for all users, including those who rely on assistive technologies.

2. Bounce Rate

A high bounce rate often indicates visitors didn’t find what they were looking for or had trouble engaging with the page. Accessibility refinements—like making interactive elements more intuitive and ensuring readable text—can encourage visitors to explore more pages and stay longer. If your bounce rate drops after accessibility updates, that’s a strong indicator you’re delivering a better initial user experience.

3. Conversion Rates

Whether you want visitors to fill out a form, sign up for a newsletter, or complete a purchase, conversion rates show how effectively your website turns casual visitors into engaged participants or customers. Accessibility improvements can streamline this path, removing friction that might have previously deterred some users. Look for upticks in completed forms, successful transactions, or sign-ups following the changes you’ve made.

4. Engagement Metrics

Time on site, pages per session, and the frequency of return visits all shine a light on how interested and comfortable users are once they arrive. Accessibility-focused features like captioned videos, properly structured headings, or easily clickable buttons can create a more enjoyable browsing experience. Over time, an increase in these engagement metrics can be traced back to the site’s enhanced usability.

Methods to Measure and Attribute Results

Once you know which metrics to prioritize, it’s time to implement a measurement plan that can show the direct or indirect influence of your accessibility initiatives. Below are several methods and tools that can help you gather meaningful data.

1. Benchmarking Before and After Changes

Before rolling out your accessibility improvements, use tools like Google Analytics to record baseline metrics. These might include average monthly traffic, typical bounce rate, conversion funnels, and standard engagement levels. After the changes have been in place for a set period—often a few weeks or months—compare the new data against your benchmarks. Any positive shifts can help you see how your accessibility efforts are contributing to better outcomes.

2. A/B Testing Specific Elements

If you’re still refining your approach, consider testing pages or features. For instance, try presenting one version of a landing page with enhanced accessibility features (clear labeling, streamlined forms, strong color contrast) and another version with fewer improvements. Monitor which variant achieves higher conversion rates or lower bounce rates. By isolating certain features, you can identify which specific accessibility enhancements resonate most powerfully with users.

3. Reviewing Analytics on Assistive Technology Usage

Some analytics platforms and specialized tools can help you understand how users with assistive technologies, like screen readers, interact with your site. While you won’t often see these visitors singled out in basic analytics reports, certain surveys or session recordings (always anonymized and with proper privacy considerations) might reveal patterns in navigation. If more visitors using keyboard-only navigation or screen readers are successfully completing key actions, that’s a compelling sign your accessibility changes are having a positive effect.

4. Direct User Feedback and Surveys

Numbers are crucial, but qualitative feedback can provide context. Consider reaching out to your audience through surveys or feedback forms that specifically ask about the site’s usability and clarity. If visitors comment that it’s easier to find products or read blog posts since recent updates, that personal insight can validate your quantitative data. Even an open-ended prompt like “How can we make our site more user-friendly?” may yield telling feedback. Better yet, if you have a dedicated user base that includes people who rely on assistive technologies, invite them to share their experiences. Their insights can help explain why certain metrics changed—and suggest new opportunities for improvement.

5. Accessibility Testing Tools and Audits

Tools like WAVE and Lighthouse can run automated checks to highlight where your site excels and where it might still be falling short on accessibility standards. These audits can’t directly tell you how conversions or bounce rates change, but they can ensure that you’re making genuine, meaningful improvements to the user experience. By regularly auditing, you maintain a level of quality that can translate into better marketing performance over time.

Integrating Accessibility into Your Ongoing Marketing Strategy

For those who’ve completed accessibility remediation or are deep into the planning process, it’s important to view these changes not as a one-time project, but as a continuous element of your online presence. To keep accessibility efforts aligned with your marketing goals:

1. Make Accessibility a Standard Part of Your Workflow

Rather than seeing accessibility as a separate task, integrate it into your content creation, campaign planning, and website updates. That way, new blog posts, landing pages, and marketing materials will be accessible from the start, ensuring long-term consistency.

2. Train Your Team on Best Practices

Share guidelines and tips with everyone involved in your marketing and website development. When the whole team understands the importance of descriptive link text, proper heading structure, and inclusive media formats, accessibility becomes second nature—and its marketing benefits compound over time.

3. Keep Monitoring and Iterating

Markets shift, user expectations evolve, and technology changes. Make it a habit to review accessibility metrics alongside other key marketing KPIs. If conversions start to plateau, examine whether new accessibility enhancements could remove a new barrier. As you refine your approach, keep using data to inform your next steps.

The Bigger Picture: Trust, Loyalty, and Growth

At its core, effective accessibility improvements help you create a site that’s genuinely welcoming. It’s about minimizing frustration, simplifying navigation, and making it easier for all visitors—whether they have a disability or not—to connect with your content and your brand.

By actively measuring the impact of these changes, you show that you’re not just making improvements as a formality. You’re committed to understanding their effect and using that insight to guide your marketing strategy forward. Over time, this transparency and responsiveness can enhance your reputation, build trust, and foster loyalty, creating a multiplier effect on your growth.

If you haven’t yet started your journey toward web accessibility, now is the time to take the first step. Schedule an ADA briefing with 216digital using the contact form below, and let us help you create a more inclusive and impactful digital presence.

Greg McNeil

December 18, 2024

The Benefits of Web Accessibility

Accessibility, digital accessibility, KPI, Marketing, Website Accessibility
Accessibility for All: Strategies for Every Step of Your Journey
As 2025 begins, it brings a fresh chance to make the digital world more welcoming for everyone. Accessibility isn’t just about compliance—it’s about creating online spaces that feel inviting and easy to use for all. Whether you’re just starting out or looking to polish your existing efforts, there’s always room to grow. By focusing on small, steady improvements and putting user needs at the center, you can create something that truly works for everyone.

Getting Started: Understanding the Basics

Starting something new can feel overwhelming, but you’re not alone. Many organizations are just beginning their accessibility journey, and that’s okay. The first step is understanding why accessibility matters. After that, it’s all about taking simple, practical steps to meet the needs of people with disabilities.

What is Digital Accessibility?

Digital accessibility means making sure your website or app works for everyone, including people with disabilities. These include visual, hearing, cognitive, or mobility challenges. By focusing on accessibility, you’re not only helping people who rely on assistive technology like screen readers or voice commands—you’re making your site better for everyone.

The WCAG Guidelines: Your Roadmap to Accessibility

The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) are a great starting point. Created by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), these guidelines break into four easy-to-understand principles:
- Perceivable: Make sure people can perceive your content. For example, add text descriptions for images and captions for videos.
- Operable: Users should be able to interact with your site using different tools, like a keyboard or voice commands.
- Understandable: Keep content clear and easy to navigate.
- Robust: Make your site compatible with today’s tools and tomorrow’s technology.
These principles are your guide to building an inclusive site.

Quick Wins for Improving Accessibility

If you’re ready to take action, start small. Here are some simple changes that can make a big difference:
- Alt Text for Images: Add brief, clear descriptions to all images. This helps users who can’t see the images understand what’s there.
- Video Captions: Always include captions. They’re a must for people who are deaf or hard of hearing and helpful for anyone watching videos without sound.
- Color Contrast: Ensure your text stands out from the background. This makes it easier for everyone to read, especially those with visual impairments.
- Keyboard Navigation: Make sure all site functions can be used with just a keyboard. This is essential for users with mobility challenges.
These quick wins are easy to implement and can have an immediate impact.

Refining Your Strategy: Policies and Processes

Once you’ve mastered the basics, it’s time to think bigger. This means setting goals, creating policies, and making accessibility part of your routine.

Establish Clear Accessibility Policies

Write down your accessibility goals and plans. This keeps everyone on the same page. Your policy should outline what standards you’re following (like WCAG) and how you’ll measure success. A clear plan helps your team stay focused and committed.

Training and Awareness

Accessibility is a team effort. Train your designers, developers, and content creators on best practices. For instance, teach designers to create layouts that are easy to navigate and show writers how to craft accessible content. These small efforts add up to big improvements.

User Testing and Feedback

Test your site with people who use assistive technologies. They’ll help you spot issues you might miss. Even if you follow all the guidelines, real-world feedback is invaluable.

Scaling Your Efforts: Advanced Solutions for Accessibility

As your organization grows, your accessibility efforts can too. Here are some ideas for taking things to the next level:

Accessibility Center of Excellence

For larger organizations, consider creating a team dedicated to accessibility. This group can handle audits, provide training, and ensure best practices are followed. Making accessibility part of your culture keeps it at the forefront.

Automation and Tools

Manually checking every page for accessibility issues can be tough. Tools like WAVE and Google Lighthouse can help. They quickly identify problems and suggest fixes. But remember, these tools work best alongside manual reviews and user feedback.

Leading Innovations and Setting Industry Standards

Once you’ve mastered the basics, consider pushing boundaries. Could voice navigation help your users? Are there new technologies you can try? Sharing what you learn and advocating for accessibility can inspire others in your industry.

Moving Forward: Accessibility as an Ongoing Process

Accessibility isn’t a one-time task. As technology changes, so do the needs of your users. Regular updates and reviews keep your site inclusive. Services like Accessibility Radar (a11y.Radar) can help by providing ongoing monitoring and insights to maintain compliance. Stay informed about changes to the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and WCAG guidelines. By staying proactive, you’ll ensure your site works for everyone.

Final Thoughts

Making your digital space accessible isn’t just the right thing to do—it’s smart. Start with small changes and build from there. Think of accessibility as a journey, not a destination. Every step forward makes the internet a better place for everyone.

Take action now, plan for the future, and keep innovating. The work you do today will make a lasting difference. Let’s build a more inclusive web together. Schedule an ADA briefing with 216digital to start your journey towards digital accessibility. Use the contact form below to get started.
Greg McNeil

December 17, 2024

Testing & Remediation

Accessibility, Accessibility Remediation, ADA Compliance, WCAG, Website Accessibility
How to Test a Website for Accessibility
Making sure your website works for everyone, including people with disabilities, isn’t just the right thing to do—it’s essential. Accessibility testing helps you find and fix issues that could make your site tough to use for people with visual, hearing, cognitive, or mobility impairments. Whether you’re a web developer, IT pro, or content creator, knowing how to test for accessibility can save you headaches—and money—later.

In this guide, we’ll cover some simple, effective ways to check your site’s accessibility. Don’t worry; you don’t need to be an expert to get started. Let’s dive in!

Why Website Accessibility Testing Matters

Accessibility testing ensures your website is welcoming to everyone, regardless of their abilities. It also helps you stay in line with important standards like the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) and legal requirements like the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA).

But it’s not just about compliance—it’s about creating a better experience for all your users. For example:
- Clear, organized content helps screen readers and makes reading easier for everyone.
- Good color contrast improves visibility, whether you’re in bright sunlight or a dim room.
- Keyboard-friendly navigation benefits people who can’t use a mouse and even power users who prefer shortcuts.
Accessibility doesn’t just check a box—it enhances your site for everyone.

Quick Accessibility Testing Methods

You don’t need a deep dive into the world of accessibility to start testing your website. There are three main ways to test:
1. Automated Testing
2. Manual Testing
3. Assistive Technology Testing
Each method offers unique insights. Using them together? That’s your golden ticket to a more accessible site.

Automated Accessibility Testing

Automated tools are perfect for a quick scan. They flag common issues like missing alt text, messy headings, or poor color contrast. Think of them as a helpful starting point, not the end-all solution.

Here are a few tools to get you started:
- WAVE (Web Accessibility Evaluation Tool): This browser extension highlights issues like missing alt text and improper ARIA attributes. Bonus: It’s free and super easy to use.
- Google Lighthouse: Built right into Chrome’s DevTools, it gives your site an accessibility score and helpful feedback.
- WebAIM’s Contrast Checker: This tool ensures your text and background colors meet WCAG’s contrast requirements.
Pro Tip: Automated tools are great, but they’re not perfect. They might miss subtler issues or flag things that aren’t actually problems. Treat them as step one, not the whole process.

Manual Accessibility Testing

Sometimes, you need a human touch. Manual testing simulates real-world user experiences to catch what tools can’t.

Try These Tests:
- Keyboard Navigation Test:
  - Use the Tab key to move around your site. Can you access every link, button, and form?
  - Is there a visible focus indicator (like a highlight) on selected elements?
  - Does the navigation flow make sense?
  - If you can’t complete tasks like filling out a form or navigating menus, there’s work to do.
- Color Contrast Test:
  - Use WebAIM’s Contrast Checker to make sure your text is easy to read against its background.
  - Aim for a 4.5:1 contrast ratio for normal text and 3:1 for large text (18px or larger).
- Alt Text for Images:
  - Check your images. Does the alt text describe their content or purpose?
  - Decorative images? They should have empty alt text (e.g., alt=””).
- Forms and Error Messages:
  - Are form labels clear?
  - Do error messages explain what went wrong and how to fix it?
For further details on manual testing, please read our article “The Human Touch: Manual Testing for Web Accessibility.”

Testing with Assistive Technologies

If you want the real deal, test your site with the tools your users rely on. Screen readers like NVDA (NonVisual Desktop Access) offer invaluable insights into how accessible your site really is.

What to Check:
- Is the content reading in a logical order?
- Are links clear and descriptive?
- Does alt text accurately describe images?
Testing with assistive tech gives you a firsthand look at your site’s usability.

Common Accessibility Issues to Watch For

As you test, keep an eye out for these usual suspects:
- Missing or unhelpful alt text.
- Low color contrast.
- Skipped heading levels (like jumping from H2 to H4).
- Keyboard traps where navigation gets stuck.
- Forms without labels or clear error messages.
- No visible focus indicators for buttons or links.
The Limitations of Quick Tests

Quick tests are awesome for a first pass, but they won’t catch everything. For example:
- They might miss problems with interactive elements or dynamic content.
- They don’t always account for users with cognitive disabilities.
For a deeper dive, consider a professional audit. Experts can evaluate your site with advanced tools, manual reviews, and assistive tech to ensure you’re fully WCAG-compliant.

Why Overlays Aren’t the Solution

You might’ve seen tools promising quick fixes with overlays or widgets. Sounds tempting, right? But these “solutions” often create more problems than they solve.

Here’s Why Overlays Fall Short:
- They don’t address underlying code issues.
- They can clash with screen readers and other assistive technologies.
- They frustrate users instead of helping them.
Real accessibility starts with your site’s design and development, not a temporary patch.

Wrapping It Up: A Holistic Approach to Accessibility

Testing your website for accessibility doesn’t have to be overwhelming. By starting with automated tools like WAVE or Google Lighthouse and layering in manual checks for keyboard navigation, color contrast, and assistive technology testing, you can create a more inclusive experience for all users.

But remember, quick tests are just the beginning. Regular testing and professional audits ensure your website meets accessibility standards and provides the best possible user experience.

If you’re ready to take your accessibility efforts to the next level, 216digital can help. Our team specializes in comprehensive accessibility solutions that go beyond surface fixes. Schedule an ADA briefing with us today by using the contact form below. Let’s work together to make your website accessible to everyone.
Greg McNeil

December 16, 2024

How-to Guides, Testing & Remediation

Accessibility, Accessibility Remediation, Accessibility testing, Web Accessibility Remediation, Website Accessibility
How to Prepare for EAA Compliance
As a business owner or website operator, you’re probably familiar with the pressure to keep up with ever-changing digital regulations and standards. It might feel like you’ve just gotten comfortable with one set of rules, and suddenly, a new one appears on the horizon. That’s exactly the situation many are experiencing right now with the European Accessibility Act (EAA). If you’re serving customers in the European Union (EU), or simply want to reach a global audience without obstacles, it’s crucial to understand how this new set of guidelines could affect your online presence—and what you can do to stay on the right side of the law.

Let’s face it: even if you’ve never thought much about web accessibility before, it’s becoming a must-have. Ensuring everyone, regardless of ability, can navigate your site or use your services isn’t just the “right thing” to do anymore. With the EAA coming into effect, it’s legally required for businesses that sell to or interact with European customers. And with so many potential buyers across borders, ignoring accessibility standards could mean turning people away—not just ethically, but commercially as well.

Understanding the European Accessibility Act (EAA)

At its core, the EAA is about ensuring people with disabilities have equal access to the same products and services as everyone else. Think of it as removing virtual “closed doors” and “too-high steps” on the internet. Instead of forcing customers with disabilities to struggle through poorly structured content, complicated checkout processes, or inaccessible multimedia, the EAA sets a baseline standard. By meeting these standards, you’re not just checking a legal box—you’re making your site friendlier to a much wider audience.

Key Goals of the EAA
- Consistent Accessibility Standards Across the EU: Rather than a patchwork of rules differing by country, the EAA aims for a unified, simpler standard that businesses can follow everywhere in Europe.
- Enhancing Quality of Life: Every barrier you remove can help someone shop independently, learn without assistance, or find critical information on their own.
- Removing Single Market Barriers: With a common standard, businesses can more easily enter multiple EU markets without recalibrating their approach for each country.
Important Dates:
- June 28, 2025: By this date, your digital platforms should comply with EAA requirements.
- From 2025 Onward: Enforcement rolls out, meaning audits, penalties, and other legal consequences can follow if you haven’t prepared.
Consequences of Ignoring Compliance

If you’ve ever delayed a task until it became a crisis, you know how costly last-minute fixes can be. Non-compliance with the EAA can result in fines and other legal hassles. Beyond that, it can damage your reputation. Imagine a customer who can’t navigate your site because it’s not accessible. Not only might you lose that sale, but you could also create a negative impression that spreads through social media, reviews, or word-of-mouth. With global competition just a click away, failing to meet accessibility standards means risking trust, loyalty, and revenue.

Building Your EAA Compliance Strategy

If all this sounds daunting, don’t worry. Creating an EAA compliance strategy is like tackling any large project: break it down into steps, and take them one at a time. Even if you have minimal experience with web accessibility, you can follow a structured approach to ensure you’re ready by the deadlines.

In-House or Outsource?

First, decide if you want to handle these updates internally or bring in the pros. If you have a dedicated team comfortable with coding, design, and compliance issues, doing it yourself might help you build internal know-how. But remember, this requires time and training, and any mistakes can lead to rework.

On the other hand, outsourcing to specialized agencies or consultants can jump-start your compliance efforts, reducing the risk of errors. Although it may cost more upfront, you’ll likely benefit from their expertise and time savings. Companies like 216digital can guide you, ensuring you don’t miss important details.

Understanding Your Website’s Complexity

Before making changes, you need a roadmap. Start with an accessibility audit. Free and paid tools can scan your site for issues like missing alt text for images, poor color contrasts, or navigation elements that are impossible to use without a mouse.

Don’t forget manual checks—automated tools are great, but they can’t understand context the way a human can. Ask testers or colleagues to navigate your site using only a keyboard or a screen reader. Identify the places where they struggle, and note which areas must be fixed first. High-risk areas often include navigation menus, forms, and interactive content like product configurators or dropdown filters.

SImplementing the Necessary Fixes

Armed with a list of issues, it’s time to roll up your sleeves. Start with the basics:
- Content Structure: Make sure your pages use headings logically. Include descriptive alt text so people using screen readers understand what an image shows.
- Navigation: Include skip navigation links to help users jump past repetitive menus. Ensure that every link and button can be accessed with a keyboard alone.
- Color and Text: Check color contrast to make sure text is easy to read. Choose font sizes and spacing that are large and clear enough for all users.
- Multimedia: If you have videos, include captions. If you have audio clips, ensure they don’t autoplay, or at least provide controls to pause or stop them.
- Forms and Inputs: Label every form field, and provide error messages that guide users back to the correct inputs.
Manage Third-Party Integrations

Your site might rely on third-party plugins, payment gateways, or widgets. Even if your own code is perfect, these tools can introduce new accessibility barriers. Check that any plugins or platforms you use also meet EAA standards. If not, request updates from vendors or find accessible alternatives. In some cases, offer a fallback option—like a basic HTML form—if a fancy widget isn’t accessible.

Ongoing Monitoring (Because Websites Evolve)

A website isn’t “done” the day you launch it. You’ll likely add new products, blog posts, or interactive elements over time. Any of these updates can unintentionally break accessibility. That’s why it’s crucial to make accessibility checks a routine part of your maintenance. Tools like a11y.Radar by 216digital can help you run regular scans to catch issues before they spiral out of control.

Regular audits—perhaps quarterly—will ensure you stay in line with evolving standards, minimize the risk of complaints, and keep your audience happy. Keeping a finger on the pulse of your site’s accessibility means you can catch small issues before they turn into big headaches.

Don’t Forget Mobile Apps and Other Digital Touchpoints

The EAA isn’t just about traditional websites. If you have a mobile app or other digital services, they also need to be accessible. For apps, test them with built-in accessibility features. Ensure that fonts can be resized, screens read naturally with voiceover technologies, and that no essential functionality relies on a tricky gesture without an accessible alternative.

Invest in Training and Resources for the Long Haul

Accessibility isn’t a one-time project; it’s a mindset. Consider training your team so that everyone—from your content writers to your developers—understands the principles of accessible design. Allocate a budget for ongoing audits and fixes. If you maintain a relationship with an accessibility partner like 216digital, they can keep you informed about changes in standards and best practices.

Why EAA Compliance is Good for Your Bottom Line

At first, meeting EAA standards might feel like yet another box to check off. But embracing accessibility can actually help your business thrive. By removing barriers, you reach a bigger audience—think of the millions of potential customers who might otherwise struggle to use your site. And when your site is easier for everyone to navigate, all customers have a better experience, which can boost loyalty, trust, and conversions.

Accessibility improvements often align with good user experience (UX) design principles. Cleaner layouts, logical navigation, and properly structured content don’t just help users with disabilities—they help everyone find what they need more quickly and enjoy their time on your site.

Get Started Now, Not Later

The EAA deadline may feel distant, but time flies, especially when you have a million other things on your plate. Start early so you have time to explore your options, fix issues thoroughly, and verify that your solutions work. Make accessibility part of your workflow, and you’ll find it’s much easier to stay compliant rather than scrambling at the last minute.

Ready to Take the Next Step?

Ensuring accessibility and complying with the EAA is a journey, but you don’t have to travel it alone. Whether you handle it in-house or partner with experts, starting now will put you ahead of the curve. If you’re unsure where to begin, consider reaching out to specialists. Contact 216digital today to learn more about how our web accessibility services can guide you toward a site that meets EAA standards and truly welcomes everyone.

Take action now—schedule an ADA briefing with 216digital using the contact form at the bottom of this page. Let’s work together to make your digital platforms accessible, inclusive, and ready for the future.
Greg McNeil

December 13, 2024

Legal Compliance

Accessibility, Accessibility Remediation, EAA, European Accessibility Act, Website Accessibility
Why Accessibility Is Key to UX Success
Here’s a secret: websites that are easier to use for people with disabilities are easier to use for everyone. Applying simple HTML5 core concepts like semantic markup and landmark regions will naturally make your website easier to navigate with a keyboard and have a more logical structure. This is great for onsite SEO, user experience (UX) – and web accessibility, with no additional effort required.

How Web Accessibility Enhances UX

At its core, web accessibility is about removing barriers that might prevent people from using your site. When a website is accessible, it’s usable by everyone—regardless of their abilities, devices, or environments.

Here’s how accessibility directly impacts UX:

Improved Usability for All

Accessible design benefits people with disabilities and creates a better experience for everyone. Features like straightforward navigation, readable fonts, and intuitive layouts make your site easier to use, regardless of age, device, or tech-savviness.

Inclusive Design for Diverse Audiences

Accessibility ensures your site is usable for people with visual, auditory, cognitive, or motor disabilities. For example:
- Screen reader support helps blind or low-vision users navigate content.
- Keyboard-friendly navigation aids people with motor impairments.
- Clear text and structure assist individuals with cognitive challenges.
Enhanced Mobile Experience

Basic accessibility principles—like scalable typography, responsive layouts, and touch-friendly designs—naturally improve mobile usability. Mobile users account for significant web traffic.

The Benefits of Accessible Design

Investing in web accessibility isn’t just the right thing to do—it’s also good business. Here are some key benefits:

Reaching a Wider Audience

Approximately 15% of the global population lives with some form of disability. By ensuring your site is accessible, you’re inviting millions of potential customers to engage with your content and services.

Boosting SEO

Accessible websites often perform better in search engine rankings. Practices like adding alt text for images, using descriptive headings, and providing transcripts for videos improve your SEO by making your content easier for search engines to index.

Building a Positive Brand Image

A commitment to accessibility shows your audience that you care about inclusivity. This fosters trust, strengthens your reputation, and makes your brand socially responsible.

Legal Compliance and Risk Reduction

Accessible websites help you comply with regulations like the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG), reducing the risk of lawsuits or fines.

Overcoming Challenges in Accessibility

Despite its benefits, implementing accessibility can come with challenges:

Misconceptions About Accessibility

Some believe accessibility only benefits a small audience or that it’s too costly or complex to implement. In reality, accessibility improves UX for all users and can be cost-effective when integrated early.

Technical Hurdles

Developers might need help understanding WCAG guidelines or implementing complex ARIA roles. Clear documentation and ongoing education can address this.

Resistance to Change

Most teams have enough on their plates and do not want to add any additional steps to their existing workflows. However, building a general awareness of accessibility concepts will naturally improve your site’s inclusivity without any extra work.

Strategies for Integrating Accessibility Into UX Design

To create a truly inclusive experience, accessibility needs to be a priority from the start. Here’s how to integrate it into your design process:

Start Early in the Design Process

Accessibility is most uncomplicated to implement when it’s considered from the beginning. Start with semantic HTML, readable fonts, and a logical content structure.

Focus on User Testing

Test your site with real users, including those with disabilities. Tools like screen readers and keyboard navigation can simulate some experiences, but real feedback is invaluable.

Use Accessibility Tools

Incorporate tools like:
- Lighthouse: Google’s tool for auditing accessibility, performance, and SEO.
- WAVE: An accessibility evaluation tool that highlights issues directly on your site.
Educate Your Team

Train designers, developers, and content creators to understand accessibility principles and WCAG guidelines. Make accessibility a team-wide responsibility.

Iterate and Improve

Accessibility isn’t a one-and-done task. Regularly review your site for compliance, usability, and opportunities for improvement.

Practical Tips for Accessible UX

Here are some specific ways to improve accessibility while enhancing UX:

Prioritize Clear Navigation

Ensure menus are intuitive and consistent across devices. Use breadcrumbs, logical page hierarchy, and descriptive labels to guide users.

Provide Text Alternatives

Add alt text to images, video captions, and audio content transcripts. This makes your media accessible to screen readers and enhances SEO.

Design for Keyboard Navigation

Ensure all interactive elements—buttons, links, forms—are reachable and operable using just a keyboard.
```
button:focus {  
  outline: 3px solid #005fcc;  
}  
```
Ensure Sufficient Color Contrast

Low contrast can make text unreadable for users with low vision. Use tools like the Contrast Checker to verify WCAG-compliant contrast ratios.

Use ARIA Sparingly

Accessible Rich Internet Applications (ARIA) roles can enhance accessibility but shouldn’t replace semantic HTML. Use ARIA roles to clarify interactive components, like modals or accordions.

Accessibility’s Role in a Better Web

When accessibility and UX align, everyone wins. Your site becomes more straightforward to use, more engaging, and more inclusive. For users with disabilities, accessible design opens doors to equal participation in the digital world. For businesses, it means more satisfied customers, better performance metrics, and a stronger reputation.

As the web continues to evolve, let’s commit to creating digital spaces that are open and enjoyable for all. Accessibility isn’t a barrier—it’s the foundation of great UX.

If you would like to evaluate your site’s user experience for everyone, including users with disabilities, reach out to 216digital using the contact form below.
Greg McNeil

December 12, 2024

How-to Guides, The Benefits of Web Accessibility

Accessibility, Accessible Design, User Experience, UX, Web Accessible Design, Website Accessibility
How to Make Data Tables Accessible

Data tables are a powerful way to present structured information, but without proper attention to accessibility, they can exclude users with disabilities. Whether you’re a developer, content creator, or website owner, learning how to make your tables user-friendly for everyone is an essential skill.

Accessibility standards like WCAG (Web Content Accessibility Guidelines) provide the foundation for creating inclusive data tables. By following best practices such as structuring your tables properly, adding meaningful headers, and ensuring compatibility with assistive technologies, you can enhance usability while meeting legal and ethical standards.

Understanding the Basics of Accessible Tables

Before diving into the specifics, it’s important to understand what makes a table accessible. Accessible tables are designed to be navigable and understandable by all users, including those who rely on screen readers or keyboard navigation. This means paying attention to the structure, design, and additional information like captions and summaries.

The foundation of an accessible table lies in its structure. HTML provides semantic elements like <table>, <thead>, <tbody>, and <th> to organize your data logically. Using these elements correctly ensures that assistive technologies can interpret the table properly. For example, headers defined with <th> tags allow screen readers to associate data cells with their corresponding column or row, creating a more intuitive experience for users.

Adding Headers, Captions, and Summaries

Headers are one of the most critical components of an accessible table. They guide users in understanding what each data point represents. To define headers, use the <th> element, and consider including the scope attribute to indicate whether the header applies to a column, row, or group of columns and rows. For example, <th scope="col"> signals that the header applies to an entire column, while <th scope="row"> applies to a row.

Captions and summaries provide additional context for your table. A caption, placed within the <caption> tag, serves as a brief title or description of the table’s purpose. Summaries, while not an HTML element, can be included to provide a detailed explanation of the table’s content, especially if it’s complex. This can be added through the <summary> attribute or as part of surrounding content. These elements are particularly valuable for screen reader users, offering them a quick overview of what to expect.

Ensuring Compatibility with Screen Readers

Screen readers rely on well-structured and semantically correct HTML to interpret tables. To optimize compatibility, avoid using tables for layout purposes. While this practice was common in the past, it confuses screen readers by mixing presentational and data tables. Instead, use CSS for layout and reserve tables strictly for data.

Another crucial consideration is avoiding merged cells unless absolutely necessary. While colspan and rowspan attributes can be used to merge cells, they can make navigation more challenging for screen reader users. If your table requires merged cells, ensure that the relationships between headers and data are clearly defined with attributes like headers and id.

Making Tables Keyboard-Friendly

Keyboard accessibility is vital for users who cannot use a mouse. Accessible tables should allow users to navigate logically through rows and columns using only their keyboard. Test your table to ensure that tabbing through the data follows a predictable order.

One way to achieve this is by maintaining a logical document flow. Keep your table simple and organized to prevent users from getting lost. If the table is part of a larger webpage, include clear instructions and use skip links to help users bypass unrelated content.

Simplifying Complex Tables

Complex tables with nested headers or multi-level data can be difficult to navigate, even for experienced users. Simplifying these tables can go a long way toward improving accessibility. Consider breaking down large, complicated tables into smaller, more manageable ones. You can also use additional tools like expandable rows or columns to provide details without overwhelming the user.

For situations where simplifying isn’t feasible, invest extra effort in defining relationships between headers and data. Use the headers and id attributes to explicitly associate each cell with its relevant headers. This ensures that screen readers can convey the relationships accurately, even in intricate tables.

Improving Readability with Responsive Design and Contrast

Accessibility isn’t just about assistive technologies—it’s also about making content visually readable for users with low vision or cognitive challenges. Responsive design is essential for ensuring that your tables are accessible across devices. Use CSS to make your tables adapt to different screen sizes without losing clarity or functionality.

High contrast is another key factor. Choose colors that provide sufficient contrast between text and background. WCAG recommends a contrast ratio of at least 4.5:1 for normal text and 3:1 for large text. Tools like WebAIM’s Contrast Checker can help you verify compliance.

Testing Your Tables for Accessibility

No matter how carefully you design your tables, testing is essential to identify and address potential issues. Start by using automated tools like the WAVE Web Accessibility Evaluation Tool to check for common errors. While these tools are helpful, they can’t catch everything, so manual testing is equally important.

Test your table using a screen reader like NVDA or JAWS to experience it as a user with visual impairments would. Pay attention to how headers, captions, and data are announced. Does the screen reader navigate the table logically? Are all elements correctly identified and described?

Keyboard testing is another critical step. Navigate through the table using only your keyboard to ensure that all interactive elements are accessible and functional.

Why Accessible Tables Matter

Accessible tables aren’t just about meeting legal requirements—they’re about creating a better user experience for everyone. By making your data tables accessible, you’re opening your content to a wider audience, including individuals with disabilities who rely on assistive technologies.

Moreover, accessibility enhances usability for all users, not just those with disabilities. Features like clear headers, logical navigation, and responsive design make tables easier to use for everyone, whether they’re on a desktop computer or a smartphone.

Conclusion

Creating accessible data tables might require extra effort, but the benefits are well worth it. By following best practices like using proper structure, adding descriptive headers and captions, and ensuring compatibility with assistive technologies, you can make your tables both compliant and user-friendly.

Remember, accessibility is an ongoing process. Stay informed about updates to guidelines like WCAG and continuously test your content to ensure it meets the highest standards. By prioritizing accessibility, you’re not just improving your website—you’re making the web a more inclusive space for all.

Ready to take the first step? Partner with the experts at 216digital, who understand accessibility inside and out. Together, we can create a web that works for everyone—and protect your business in the process. Schedule your complimentary ADA briefing today to start your journey toward an accessible and compliant future.

Greg McNeil

December 11, 2024

How-to Guides

Accessibility, Data tables, How-to, web developers, web development, Website Accessibility
ADA Lawsuits: A Growing Concern in New York

In recent years, New York has become a major hotspot for lawsuits related to digital accessibility under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). As businesses increasingly rely on websites, mobile apps, and other online tools, it is no longer enough to make physical spaces accessible.

Today, digital platforms must also meet the same standards of accessibility as brick-and-mortar stores. Failing to do so can place a business at risk for costly and time-consuming legal challenges. Nowhere is this truer than in New York, where state and federal laws and a welcoming environment for plaintiffs have combined to create a surge in such cases.

It is important to understand why these lawsuits are happening and what your business can do to protect itself. By taking a close look at the trends, legal requirements, and strategies for achieving digital accessibility, companies can avoid expensive legal battles, improve their brand image, and tap into a wider range of customers.

Why is Accessibility So Important?

The ADA was created to ensure that people with disabilities have the same access and opportunities as everyone else. At first, many people focused on making physical spaces accessible. This included adding wheelchair ramps, elevators, and braille signs. Today, though, access also means making sure that websites, online stores, and mobile apps are easy for everyone to use. For example, a person with low vision may rely on a screen reader to understand the content on a website. If the site is not coded correctly, that user might struggle to shop online, book a hotel room, or order food.

When websites are hard for people with disabilities to use, it doesn’t just cause frustration—it can also be illegal. The ADA applies to many online experiences, and New York’s own laws add even more layers of protection for people with disabilities. All businesses that sell products or services online need to understand these rules, especially if they serve customers in New York.

Understanding the Rise in New York Lawsuits

In 2023, more than 4,500 ADA-related digital lawsuits were filed across the country—about 500 more than the previous year. New York has been at the center of this growth. While it previously trailed California, New York now accounts for a large share of all website accessibility cases filed in federal and state courts. Some experts estimate that New York makes up nearly three-quarters of these claims nationwide.

What is causing this surge? A few key factors stand out:

Plaintiff-Friendly Courts

New York courts have a history of being friendly toward plaintiffs in ADA cases. Judges in the state are often willing to recognize a wide range of digital platforms as places of “public accommodation” under the law. This means more online businesses can be held responsible for failing to meet accessibility standards.

Multiple Layers of Law

Businesses must follow both the federal ADA rules and New York’s own state laws, such as the New York State Human Rights Law (NYSHRL). The NYSHRL can offer extra paths for plaintiffs to sue, making it easier and more appealing to file claims in New York than in some other states.

Active Plaintiffs and Law Firms

New York is home to many “serial plaintiffs” and law firms that specialize in ADA lawsuits. These are individuals and groups who regularly file new claims, often targeting multiple businesses at once. Their ongoing efforts help drive up the total number of cases filed each year.

Industries Under the Microscope

All kinds of businesses have faced ADA lawsuits in New York. E-commerce sites, which sell everything from clothing to electronics, are often hit the hardest. Since most online shopping involves browsing pictures, reading descriptions, and clicking through links, any barrier for people with disabilities can lead to serious issues. For instance, a person who cannot see images needs text alternatives (often called “alt text”) to understand what is being sold. Without alt text, the shopping experience is blocked.

Restaurants and hospitality businesses are also common targets. Online menus, booking systems, and reservation forms must be designed so that people using assistive technology can navigate through them. Even online videos need captions or audio descriptions for those who cannot see or hear well.

Other industries, such as entertainment, real estate, banking, and healthcare, are also under scrutiny. If you run any kind of website that reaches customers in New York, there is a risk that you could face a lawsuit if your site is not accessible.

You Don’t Have to Be Based in New York

One common misunderstanding is that these lawsuits only affect businesses physically located in New York. That is not true. If your website or app is accessible to New York consumers—and especially if you sell goods or services to them—you can be drawn into a New York court. The internet is not limited by borders, and plaintiffs can argue that you are “doing business” in New York if you serve customers there.

The Costs of Non-Compliance

The financial consequences of being sued for ADA violations can be serious. Settlements can run anywhere from $10,000 to $100,000, and that does not include the cost of hiring lawyers, spending time in court, or fixing your website to meet legal standards after the fact. Beyond money, your company’s reputation is at stake. Customers who learn that you do not prioritize accessibility might choose to shop elsewhere.

Moreover, ignoring accessibility means ignoring a huge market. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), about 26% of American adults live with a disability. They and their families represent hundreds of billions of dollars in spending power. Making your digital platforms welcoming to them is not just the right thing to do—it also makes good business sense.

Keys to Avoiding Lawsuits: Proactive Accessibility

The best way to avoid a lawsuit is to make your website or app accessible before anyone complains. Here are some steps you can take:

Run an Accessibility Audit

Start by checking your current digital platforms for common barriers. Use both automated scanning tools and manual testing by people with disabilities, if possible. Automated tools can highlight common issues, such as missing image descriptions or poor color contrast. Manual testers can provide real-world feedback on what it’s like to use your site with assistive technology.

Meet WCAG Standards

The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) are considered the gold standard for making web content accessible. WCAG 2.1 at the AA level is often the target that businesses aim to meet. These guidelines cover areas like making sure images have descriptive text, ensuring that videos have captions, and checking that all parts of the site can be reached with a keyboard instead of a mouse.

Train Your Team

Accessibility should not be an afterthought. Teach your web designers, developers, and content creators to build accessibility into their work from the start. Simple habits—like always adding alt text to images, using proper headings, and ensuring enough color contrast—can go a long way toward meeting legal requirements.

Keep Accessibility in Mind When Updating

The work does not end once you meet accessibility standards. Each time you add new content, update your platform, or roll out a new feature, test again to make sure it is still accessible. Accessibility is an ongoing process, not a one-time project. Tools like 216digital’s a11y.Radar service offer ongoing monitoring to help businesses stay ahead of potential issues.

Seek Professional Help

If you are uncertain about how to meet ADA requirements, consider reaching out to consultants or legal experts who specialize in ADA and NYSHRL compliance. They can guide you through the process, help you find the right tools, and make sure that your efforts meet current standards.

Building an Inclusive Digital Presence

Instead of seeing accessibility as a burden, consider it an opportunity. By welcoming all users, you show that you value fairness, inclusion, and excellent customer service. Making your site easier to navigate benefits everyone, not just people with disabilities. Clear layouts, good contrast, easy-to-understand language, and well-organized menus make the online experience better for all visitors.

Plus, many accessibility improvements help with search engine optimization (SEO). For example, adding accurate captions to images or videos can help search engines understand your content, possibly boosting your ranking in search results. This can attract even more customers over time.

A Changing Legalscape

The surge in ADA accessibility lawsuits in New York is not just a short-term trend. It reflects a broader shift in how the internet is regulated and how society views equal access. Lawmakers, judges, and advocacy groups are paying closer attention to digital accessibility than ever before. It is wise to expect that these standards will continue to evolve and become even stricter over time.

By acting now, you can keep up with changing rules and avoid being caught off guard. The earlier you start, the easier it is to maintain compliance as the laws and guidelines update.

Take the First Step with 216digital

Prioritizing digital accessibility is about more than avoiding lawsuits—it’s about doing what’s right for all your customers and creating an online experience that everyone can enjoy. For businesses that serve customers in New York, the urgency is clear. The state leads the nation in ADA accessibility lawsuits, and companies that fail to act risk legal challenges, financial loss, and damage to their reputation.

The good news is that you don’t have to navigate these challenges alone. By scheduling an ADA briefing with 216digital, you can gain clarity on the legal requirements, identify gaps in your digital accessibility, and get expert advice on how to achieve compliance. Our team takes a human-centered approach, combining technical expertise with actionable strategies to protect your business and build a more inclusive online presence.

Don’t wait for a lawsuit to take action. Schedule your ADA briefing with 216digital today, and let us help you stay ahead of the curve while creating a better digital experience for all.

Greg McNeil

December 10, 2024

Legal Compliance

Accessibility, ADA Compliance, ADA Lawsuit, web accessibility lawsuits, Website Accessibility
Progress Over Perfection: Steps Toward Digital Accessibility
In today’s digital world, creating websites and content that are accessible to everyone should be a top priority. But let’s face it — making your website completely accessible for every single user can feel like an overwhelming task. That’s where the concept of “progress over perfection” comes into play.

Achieving digital accessibility isn’t a one-time fix. It’s an ongoing process of continuous improvement. If you aim for perfection from the start, you might get stuck, feel defeated, or even give up. But by focusing on making progress, even small steps, you can create a more inclusive online experience without the stress of reaching perfection right away.

Let’s break down how you can start building a sustainable approach to digital accessibility with the right mindset, tools, and strategies.

What Is Digital Accessibility?

Before we dive into the “progress over perfection” mindset, let’s quickly talk about what digital accessibility really means. Simply put, it’s about making sure that all users, regardless of their abilities or disabilities, can access and use your website, apps, or digital content easily.

This includes people who may be blind, deaf, have low vision, or have mobility challenges. It also covers people who have cognitive disabilities or those who just prefer to use assistive technology like screen readers, voice commands, or keyboard navigation.

Digital accessibility can seem like a huge task at first, but it’s not about doing everything perfectly. It’s about making consistent improvements to ensure your site is usable by as many people as possible.

The Problem with Perfectionism

When you aim for perfection, the goal can feel so far out of reach that it becomes paralyzing. This is especially true with digital accessibility, where there are lots of technical guidelines and standards (like WCAG – Web Content Accessibility Guidelines) to follow. While these standards are great for ensuring accessibility, focusing on every little detail can slow you down.

In reality, no website is perfect when it comes to accessibility. Users have different needs, and it’s impossible to design for every potential scenario at once. So, instead of feeling like you need to fix everything at the same time, shift your focus to continuous improvement. Every small step counts, and over time, those steps will add up to a more accessible and inclusive digital experience.

Why Focus on Progress?

The beauty of focusing on progress over perfection is that it’s achievable. It lets you start small, tackle the most pressing accessibility issues first, and then build on that foundation. As you implement changes, you’ll gradually improve the user experience, making it better for people with disabilities while also making your website more user-friendly for everyone.

Here are some reasons why progress over perfection is the way to go for sustainable digital accessibility:
1. You Don’t Get Stuck: Trying to achieve perfection can leave you frozen in place, unsure of where to start. By focusing on progress, you can tackle one problem at a time and move forward.
2. It’s More Manageable: Rather than trying to fix everything at once, breaking down accessibility work into smaller tasks makes it more manageable and less overwhelming.
3. You Can Build Momentum: When you make even small improvements, it creates a sense of accomplishment. This encourages you to keep making changes and adding new updates over time.
4. It’s Realistic: Perfection doesn’t exist when it comes to accessibility. There will always be more to improve, so aiming for progress keeps you focused on what matters.
Practical Tips for Achieving Digital Accessibility

Now that we understand the importance of progress, let’s talk about some practical steps you can take to make real improvements to your site. You don’t need to do everything at once, but here’s how you can start moving toward a more accessible website today:

Start with Low-Hanging Fruit

When you’re just getting started, it’s helpful to identify and address the “low-hanging fruit” — the quick wins that will make the biggest impact with the least amount of effort. These might include:
- Alt Text for Images: Add descriptive alt text to images so screen readers can convey the meaning of those images to users with visual impairments.
- Keyboard Navigation: Make sure that all interactive elements (like forms, buttons, and links) can be accessed using only a keyboard.
- Color Contrast: Ensure that text has enough contrast against the background so users with low vision can read it easily.
By making these changes, you’re addressing immediate barriers that can make a huge difference in how accessible your website is for many users.

Integrate Accessibility into Your Workflows

To create long-term sustainability, accessibility shouldn’t be something you do only once or twice. It needs to be built into your everyday workflow. Whether you’re designing a new page, creating content, or updating a feature, think about accessibility from the start.

Here are a few ways you can integrate accessibility into your routine:
- Involve Accessibility from the Beginning: If you’re working on a new website or a redesign, include accessibility from the very start of the project. This way, accessibility considerations become part of the foundation.
- Use Accessible Tools and Templates: Many website builders, content management systems (CMS), and templates have accessibility features built-in. Make sure you’re using those tools to save time and reduce errors.
- Educate Your Team: Make sure everyone involved in content creation and site maintenance understands basic accessibility principles.
Get Real Feedback from Users

One of the best ways to improve accessibility is to hear directly from users. Real people with disabilities can give you valuable insight into how they experience your website and where the barriers lie. This is far more effective than guessing or relying solely on automated testing tools.

You can:
- Conduct User Testing: Recruit users with various disabilities to test your site and provide feedback. This can help you uncover issues you might have missed.
- Engage with Your Audience: Ask for feedback through surveys or comments. Listen to your users, and if they point out areas for improvement, make a plan to address them.
Use Tools for Continuous Monitoring

To ensure your website stays accessible over time, use tools that can help you identify and fix problems as they arise. One such tool is a11y.Radar.

A11y.Radar continuously scans your website for accessibility issues and provides you with actionable reports. This allows you to stay on top of accessibility improvements without needing to manually review your entire site. With regular scans, you can catch issues early and keep your site in good shape.

It’s All About Consistent Improvement

Remember, the goal of digital accessibility isn’t to be perfect; it’s to be inclusive. Every improvement you make is a step toward creating a better, more accessible experience for all your users. By focusing on progress over perfection, you’ll keep moving forward without getting stuck in the weeds.

So, don’t be afraid to start small. Address the most pressing accessibility issues first, integrate accessibility into your workflows, engage with real users for feedback, and use tools to monitor your progress. Over time, you’ll create a website that’s not only accessible but sustainable in the long run — and that’s something to be proud of!

If you’re ready to take the next step in your accessibility journey, schedule an ADA briefing with 216digital. Our experts can help you create a sustainable, actionable plan for achieving digital accessibility while mitigating risk. Let’s move forward together!
Greg McNeil

December 9, 2024

Testing & Remediation, WCAG Compliance

Accessibility, ADA Compliance, ADA Website Compliance, Web Accessibility Remediation, web development, Website Accessibility
Small Design Choices, Big Accessibility Wins for All E-Commerce
In the ever-evolving world of online shopping, small design choices can have a massive impact on customer experience—especially when it comes to accessibility. The beauty of accessible design isn’t just about meeting legal requirements; it’s about creating a shopping environment where everyone, regardless of their abilities, can navigate, interact, and complete purchases effortlessly. For e-commerce businesses, embracing accessibility means happier customers, improved loyalty, and ultimately, higher sales. Let’s explore some easy-to-implement design changes that can create big wins for your e-commerce store.

Skip Navigation Links: A Keyboard and Screen Reader Lifesaver

For many e-commerce users, particularly those who rely on screen readers or navigate using keyboards, skip navigation links are game-changers. These simple links allow users to bypass repetitive menus and jump straight to the main content.

Imagine browsing an e-commerce site with dozens of product categories listed in a navigation bar. For someone tabbing through every link, it could feel like running a marathon before even reaching the product descriptions. Skip navigation links eliminate this hassle, ensuring users can quickly find what they’re looking for. Plus, it’s not just about accessibility—it’s about efficiency for all users.

How to Implement

Here’s an example of a skip navigation link implemented in HTML and CSS:
```
<a href="#main-content" class="skip-link sr-only">Skip to Main Content</a>

.sr-only { 
  position: absolute; left: -10000px; 
} 
.skip-link { 
  color: black; background-color: white; padding: 12px; border: 2px solid black; border-radius: 5px; z-index: 999; 
} 
.skip-link:focus-visible { 
  left: 0px; 
}
```
Add an id to the main content section to link to it:
```
<div id="main-content">
  
</div>
```
This ensures the link appears only when focused, providing a seamless experience for keyboard users.

Quick Links: Streamline Product Page Navigation

E-commerce product pages often pack in a wealth of information, from product descriptions and specifications to reviews and related products. While comprehensive details are a plus, they can also feel overwhelming. That’s where quick links come in.

By adding anchor links at the top of product pages, you give customers the option to jump directly to the section they care about most. Whether it’s “Customer Reviews,” “Specifications,” or “Add to Cart,” quick links make the browsing experience smooth and satisfying. This small touch can be a big win for users with disabilities, who might otherwise struggle to scroll through dense pages.

How to Implement

Use anchor links combined with id attributes:
```
<nav>
  <ul>
    <li><a href="#description">Description</a></li>
    <li><a href="#specs">Specifications</a></li>
    <li><a href="#reviews">Customer Reviews</a></li>
  </ul>
</nav>

<section id="description">
  <h2>Product Description</h2>
  <p>Details about the product...</p>
</section>

<section id="specs">
  <h2>Specifications</h2>
  <p>Technical details...</p>
</section>

<section id="reviews">
  <h2>Customer Reviews</h2>
  <p>What customers are saying...</p>
</section>
```
Anchor links make navigation more accessible for all users, particularly those using assistive technologies.

Repeated Call-to-Actions: Boost Engagement on Lengthy Pages

Sometimes, e-commerce pages are lengthy by necessity—think of category pages featuring hundreds of products or detailed FAQs. Repeating key call-to-action (CTA) buttons, like “Add to Cart” or “Subscribe,” ensures users always have easy access to the next step.

Why does this matter? For users with mobility issues or those navigating on mobile devices, scrolling back to the top for a CTA can be frustrating. A well-placed button at regular intervals keeps the experience seamless and reduces the risk of abandonment.

To learn more about CTA’s and web accessibility, check out our article “Why ‘Click Here’ Hurts Your Website’s Accessibility.“

How to Implement

Here’s an example of a repeated CTA in HTML:
```
<section>
  <p>Great deals await! Don’t miss out.</p>
  <a href="/checkout" class="cta-button">Add to Cart</a>
</section>
<section>
  <p>Ready to buy? Click below.</p>
  <a href="/checkout" class="cta-button">Add to Cart</a>
</section>
```
Enhance with CSS for visibility:
```
.cta-button {
  display: inline-block;
  padding: 10px 20px;
  background-color: #007bff;
  color: white;
  text-decoration: none;
  font-size: 16px;
  border-radius: 5px;
}
.cta-button:hover {
  background-color: #0056b3;
}
```
High Contrast Colors: Accessibility Meets Visual Appeal

Choosing high-contrast color combinations is one of the simplest yet most impactful accessibility adjustments an e-commerce site can make. Text should always stand out against its background, ensuring readability for users with low vision or color blindness.

For instance, pairing black text on a white background is a classic high-contrast choice. Avoid combinations like light gray text on a white background—it may look sleek, but it’s a nightmare for users with visual impairments. Use online contrast checkers to ensure your color scheme meets Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) standards.

Descriptive Alt Text: Elevate Your Product Images

Images play a starring role in e-commerce. From close-up shots of fabrics to 360-degree views of products, visuals help customers make informed decisions. But what about users who can’t see the images?

Enter descriptive alt text. This essential element of accessible design provides text-based descriptions of images, allowing screen readers to convey their content. For example, instead of “Image of a shirt,” use something like “Blue cotton button-down shirt with long sleeves and a slim fit.” Not only does this help visually impaired users, but it also boosts your SEO, making your e-commerce site more discoverable.

How to Implement

Add descriptive alt text to your images in the alt attribute:
```
<img src="blue-shirt.jpg" alt="Blue cotton button-down shirt with long sleeves and a slim fit">
```
Accessible Forms: Smooth Checkout Experiences

Forms are a staple of e-commerce, whether for creating accounts, signing up for newsletters, or completing purchases. Yet, poorly designed forms can alienate customers with disabilities.

To ensure your forms are accessible:
- Use clear labels for every field, even if it seems obvious.
- Include error messages that explain the problem in plain language, like “Please enter a valid email address.”
- Add focus indicators to show users where they are on the page as they tab through the form.
These small changes make the checkout process easier for all customers while reducing cart abandonment rates.

How to Implement

Use clear labels, error messages, and focus indicators:
```
<form>
  <label for="email">Email Address</label>
  <input type="email" id="email" name="email" required>
  
  <span id="error-message" style="color: red; display: none;">
    Please enter a valid email address.
  </span>
  <button type="submit">Submit</button>
</form>
```
Add JavaScript to show error messages dynamically:
```
document.querySelector('form').addEventListener('submit', function(event) {
  const emailField = document.getElementById('email');
  if (!emailField.value.includes('@')) {
    event.preventDefault();
    document.getElementById('error-message').style.display = 'block';
  }
});
```
Ensure focus indicators are clear for keyboard users:
```
input:focus {
  outline: 2px solid #007bff;
}
```
Accessibility Benefits Everyone

While these features are designed with accessibility in mind, they often enhance the overall e-commerce experience for all users. For example, quick links and repeated CTAs aren’t just for users with disabilities—they make navigating long pages faster for everyone. High-contrast colors don’t only help users with low vision; they’re also easier to read in bright sunlight on mobile devices.

Inclusive design doesn’t just expand your audience; it builds trust. Customers recognize and appreciate when a business goes the extra mile to ensure their shopping experience is smooth and enjoyable.

The Payoff: Happier Customers and Higher Sales

By incorporating accessibility features, you’re not just meeting legal obligations—you’re investing in your customers’ satisfaction. When customers feel valued and supported, they’re more likely to complete purchases, leave positive reviews, and return for future shopping. The result? A stronger, more inclusive e-commerce brand that thrives in today’s competitive market.

Ready to take the next step? Schedule an ADA briefing with 216digital today to explore how accessibility can elevate your e-commerce site. Simply use the contact form at the bottom of this page to get started. Let’s work together to create a better online shopping experience for all!

Make the change. Create an e-commerce experience that works for all—and watch as those small design choices turn into big accessibility wins!
Greg McNeil

December 6, 2024

How-to Guides, The Benefits of Web Accessibility

Accessibility, e-Commerce, ecommerce website, How-to, Web Accessibility
Website Accessibility: Are Overlays Just Hiding the Problem?
Creating an accessible website isn’t just about ticking a box. It’s about ensuring that every user, no matter their abilities, can navigate and benefit from your digital presence. Yet, for many business owners, the idea of tackling website accessibility can feel overwhelming. Enter accessibility overlays—those “quick fix” solutions promising to make your site compliant in a snap. Sounds perfect, right?

Unfortunately, it’s too good to be true. Overlays don’t just fall short—they create more problems, leaving users frustrated and your business exposed to legal risks. Let’s cut through the noise and uncover the truth about why overlays are not the solution they claim to be.

What Are Website Accessibility Overlays?

Web accessibility overlays are tools or widgets that website owners can add to their sites to enhance website accessibility—or at least, that’s the promise They typically involve inserting a small JavaScript code snippet into your site, which then adds a floating button or widget. This button allows users to make adjustments, such as changing text size, altering color contrasts, or enabling screen reader compatibility.

On the surface, overlays sound like a dream come true: a quick, low-cost way to improve website accessibility without needing a major redesign. But here’s the kicker: overlays only mask the problem. They don’t address the more profound, structural issues that make a website inaccessible in the first place. Worse, they can actually introduce new barriers, frustrating users with disabilities and leaving your business exposed to legal and reputational risks.

Why Accessibility Overlays Are a Risky Shortcut

Overlays Don’t Address Website Accessibility Barries

Overlays operate on the surface, leaving your website’s underlying code untouched. If your site has poorly labeled buttons, inaccessible forms, or missing alt text, overlays won’t fix any of it. It’s like putting a fresh coat of paint on a crumbling wall—it looks fine for a moment, but the structural issues are still there.

So, what issues are ignored by AI and overlay widget tools?
- Missing headings
- Missing alt text on images
- Marked link text
- No labels on form fields
- Required form fields not indicated
- No submit button on forms or no clear button label
While most of these issues may not be visible to all users, these issues are significant barriers to web users with disabilities.

Poor User Experience for People with Disabilities

Ironically, overlays often create more barriers for people with disabilities instead of removing them. They frequently disrupt the functionality of assistive technologies like screen readers and keyboard navigation, making it harder—not easier—for users to navigate a site. Rather than complementing these tools, overlays can interfere with their operation, forcing users to abandon their preferred methods and engage with the overlay’s limited features. This undermines the independence and usability that assistive technologies are designed to provide.

Website Accessibility is Not a One-Size-Fits-All Solution

Disabilities are as diverse as the people who have them, and a one-size-fits-all overlay cannot possibly meet every user’s needs. Built on generalized assumptions, overlays often cater to a narrow set of requirements while neglecting others, leaving many users frustrated or excluded. For instance, individuals with cognitive disabilities may find overlays too complex or distracting, while those with motor impairments may struggle with poorly designed interactions.

This cookie-cutter approach ignores the nuanced and personalized support that true accessibility demands, emphasizing the need for solutions that genuinely prioritize diverse user experiences.

For more information on how overlays affect users’ experience, check out our article, “Are Web Accessibility Overlays Hurting Users?”

They Increase Legal Liability

Don’t fall for the myth that overlays will shield you from lawsuits. Courts and advocacy groups have repeatedly ruled that overlays don’t meet accessibility standards. In fact, relying on them might make your business a bigger target. By mid-2024, over 20% of web accessibility lawsuits were filed against companies using these widgets.

To make things even more challenging, businesses using overlays are now facing a new wave of copycat lawsuits. These lawsuits come from a new wave of ambulance chasers targeting companies that rely on third-party overlays. They know these tools often fall short of providing true accessibility. Tools like BuiltWith make it easy for anyone to see what a website is built with. With just a click, you can access a list of websites using a specific tool—like AccessiBe or another accessibility overlay.

Why Genuine Website Accessibility Efforts Matter

If overlays aren’t the answer, what is? Real website accessibility means going beyond surface-level fixes to create a seamless, inclusive experience for all users. It’s a commitment to quality, usability, and long-term success. Here’s why it’s worth the effort:

Tailored Fixes Address Specific Barriers

No two websites—or audiences—are the same. A manual accessibility audit identifies the unique issues impacting your users and ensures they’re resolved effectively.

User Testing Guarantees Real-World Usability

Involving people with disabilities in your testing process provides insights that automated tools and overlays simply can’t replicate. It’s the difference between assuming accessibility and truly delivering it.

Sustainable Practices Build Long-Term Compliance

Web accessibility is a continuous journey—not a one-time task. Genuine efforts focus on:
- Training Your Team: Equip your content creators, designers, and developers with the skills and knowledge to maintain accessibility throughout the site’s lifecycle.
- Ongoing Monitoring: Use accessibility tools to identify new issues as they arise. Websites evolve, and so do the standards and technologies that shape them.
- Proactive Planning: Incorporate accessibility into every stage of your workflow, from initial design concepts to regular updates or redesigns. This proactive approach prevents future problems and keeps your site ahead of accessibility requirements.
Practical Steps for Website Accessibility

Ready to ditch the quick fixes? Here’s how to achieve genuine website accessibility:
1. Start with an Audit: Identify your site’s barriers with a professional accessibility audit. This creates a roadmap for improvement.
2. Remediate Issues: Work with developers to fix identified issues, such as:
  - Add alt text to images.
  - Improve keyboard navigation.
  - Fix form labels and color contrast.
3. Test with Real Users: Ensure your changes work in the real world by testing with people who use assistive technologies.
4. Monitor and Maintain: Accessibility is ongoing. Use tools like Accessibility Radar (a11y.Radar) to stay proactive and address new issues as they arise.
5. Partner with Experts: Accessibility is complex—don’t go it alone. Experts can guide you through compliance and ensure your efforts truly make a difference.
Don’t Settle for a Shortcut That Fails

Accessibility overlays might sound tempting, but they’re no substitute for meaningful action. By addressing website accessibility at its core, you create an inclusive, compliant, and user-friendly website.

Don’t settle for shortcuts that leave your users frustrated and your business at risk. Instead, invest in meaningful changes that prioritize user experience, long-term success, and a digital space where everyone feels welcome.

Ready to take the first step? Partner with the experts at 216digital, who understand accessibility inside and out. Together, we can create a web that works for everyone—and protect your business in the process. Schedule your complimentary ADA briefing today to start your journey toward an accessible and compliant future.
Greg McNeil

December 5, 2024

Legal Compliance

Accessibility, Overlay, screen overlays, Website Accessibility, Widgets
Responsive Web Design: How It Relates to Digital Accessibility
Users on mobile devices make up about two-thirds of all web traffic, so having a responsive web design is crucial. With assistive technology on mobile devices, such as Voiceover on iOS, getting better daily, users with disabilities are using mobile devices more than ever. In this article, we’ll explore how to ensure your mobile-friendly design is accessible to users with disabilities.

What Is Responsive Web Design?

Responsive web design is an approach to web development that ensures a site’s layout and content automatically adapt to different screen sizes and orientations. With RWD, a single website seamlessly adjusts its appearance and functionality, whether viewed on a desktop, tablet, or smartphone.

The cornerstone of RWD lies in flexible grids, fluid images, and media queries that allow the design to respond to its environment.

Why Is Responsive Web Design Important for Accessibility?

Responsive web design is not just about aesthetics—it’s about usability. For users with disabilities, a responsive site can mean the difference between a smooth experience and complete frustration. Here’s how RWD contributes to digital accessibility:
- Consistency Across Devices: Users who rely on assistive technologies, such as screen readers or magnifiers, benefit from consistent layouts and predictable navigation across devices.
- Adaptability for Custom Settings: Responsive designs better accommodate user-specific settings, such as increased font size or high-contrast modes.
- Ease of Interaction: RWD makes touch targets (like buttons) appropriately sized and spaced for mobile users, which is especially critical for people with motor impairments.
- Improved Readability: Dynamic text resizing and responsive typography ensure readability for users with low vision.
Responsive vs. Adaptive Web Design: Which Is Better for Accessibility?

Although often used interchangeably, responsive and adaptive web design are distinct approaches.
- Responsive Web Design (RWD): Using media queries, a single design adjusts fluidly to fit various screen sizes.
- Adaptive Web Design (AWD): Multiple fixed layouts are created for specific screen sizes, and the appropriate layout is served based on the user’s device.
When it comes to accessibility, RWD generally has the edge. Here’s why:
- Device-Agnostic: RWD caters to an infinite range of screen sizes, while AWD is limited to the predefined breakpoints for which layouts are designed.
- Consistency: RWD ensures a uniform experience, while AWD may cause discrepancies between layouts, confusing users who rely on assistive technologies.
However, both approaches can support accessibility when implemented thoughtfully.

Common Responsive Web Design Pitfalls That Hurt Accessibility

Even well-intentioned responsive designs can fall short of accessibility standards. Here are some common mistakes and how to avoid them:

Inconsistent Navigation

When navigation menus change drastically between screen sizes, users may struggle to find what they need—especially those relying on screen readers or keyboard navigation.

Solution: Use consistent and predictable navigation patterns across all breakpoints. Test to ensure screen readers announce menus accurately.

Inadequate Focus Indicators

Focus indicators are critical for users navigating with a keyboard, yet they often disappear or become less visible on smaller screens.

Solution: Design focus states that are prominent across all devices.
```
button:focus {  
  outline: 3px solid #0078d7;  
}  
```
Overly Small Touch Targets

Tiny buttons or links on mobile devices can be difficult for users with motor impairments to tap accurately.

Solution: Follow WCAG recommendations for touch target sizes (at least 44×44 pixels) and maintain adequate spacing.

Ignoring User Settings

Some responsive designs override user preferences, like zooming or high-contrast modes, which can render content inaccessible.

Solution: Allow user overrides by avoiding !important in CSS styles and ensuring zoom functionality is not disabled.

Best Practices for Accessible Responsive Web Design

To build an inclusive, responsive website, focus on these foundational principles:

Use Semantic HTML

Start with a solid foundation by using semantic HTML elements like <header>, <nav>, and <main>. These provide structure and meaning, making your content easier to navigate with assistive technologies.

Design Flexible Layouts

Build layouts that adapt fluidly to different screen sizes. Use relative units like percentages or em instead of fixed units like pixels.
```
.container {  
  width: 90%;  
  max-width: 1200px;  
  margin: 0 auto;  
}   
```
Implement Responsive Typography

Readable text is crucial for accessibility. Use CSS techniques like clamp() to create scalable typography that adapts to the screen size:
```
h1 {  
  font-size: clamp(1.5rem, 5vw, 2.5rem);  
}  
```
Test both manually and with automation, and invite feedback

Whenever you complete development tasks or onboard new content or products, you should always use automated testing tools like WAVE and Google Lighthouse to ensure you do not introduce any new accessibility barriers. You should also regularly manually test your website using screen reading software. Ensure a link on your website invites user feedback if they encounter an accessibility barrier.

Incorporate Media Queries Thoughtfully

Media queries are the backbone of RWD. Use them to adjust layouts without sacrificing usability.
```
@media (max-width: 768px) {  
  .nav {  
    display: none;  
  }  
  .mobile-menu {  
    display: block;  
  }  
}   
```
Leverage ARIA Sparingly

Accessible Rich Internet Applications (ARIA) attributes can enhance accessibility but should not replace semantic HTML. For instance, use aria-expanded to indicate whether a collapsible menu is open or closed.
```
<button aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="menu">Menu</button>  
<div id= "menu" hidden>  
    
</div> 
```
Optimize for Performance

Slow-loading pages frustrate all users but can disproportionately affect those with disabilities. Compress images, minify CSS and JavaScript, and use responsive images to improve load times.

Testing Responsiveness and Accessibility

A responsive site isn’t automatically accessible—it needs testing. Here are some tools and methods to ensure your RWD supports digital accessibility:
- Browser DevTools: Use responsive design modes to preview your site on various screen sizes.
- Accessibility Testing Tools: Tools like Lighthouse can identify issues like missing alt text or insufficient contrast.
- User Testing: Engage users with disabilities to test your site’s usability.
- Mobile Testing: Use actual devices, not just simulators, to test responsiveness and accessibility together.
Conclusion

Many web owners focus specifically on the inclusivity of their desktop websites but do not specifically test their mobile views. With most traffic, including users with disabilities, using mobile devices, it’s more important than ever to ensure that all versions of your website, regardless of screen size, are accessible to everyone.

If you’d like an expert evaluation of your mobile site’s accessibility, contact 216digital using the contact form below.
Greg McNeil

December 4, 2024

How-to Guides

Accessibility, ecommerce design, responsive web design, RWD, web development, Website Accessibility
The Human Touch: Manual Testing for Web Accessibility

Developing an accessible website goes far beyond simply checking off boxes for legal or regulatory compliance. It’s about making sure that every person, regardless of ability, can comfortably interact with and understand your online content. While automated tools are excellent for quickly spotting many accessibility problems, they can only take you so far. To catch the subtler issues—the ones that can truly affect the user experience—you need the human touch.

This guide will walk you through the essentials of manual testing. By following these steps, you’ll ensure that your website meets the standards of the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) and provides an inclusive experience for everyone.

Why Manual Testing is Important

It might seem tempting to rely only on automated tools for accessibility testing. After all, these tools are fast, can scan entire sites in minutes, and give you neat reports listing potential issues. While that’s helpful, there’s an important piece of the puzzle they can’t fill in on their own.

Studies suggest that automated tools detect only about 30% of accessibility barriers on a website. That means a whopping 70% of potential issues can go unnoticed if you don’t involve human testers. Why does this happen? Because many aspects of accessibility are about meaning, clarity, and usability—qualities that a computer program can’t fully judge.

For example, an automated tool can tell if an image tag has “alt” text, but it can’t determine if that text accurately describes what’s in the image. A tool might confirm that you’ve included headings, but it can’t decide if those headings help users understand the structure and purpose of your page.

Manual testing allows you to catch these subtle issues. By combining automated scans with hands-on checks, you’ll create a complete approach to accessibility. This balanced method ensures that both the technical side and the real-life user experience are taken into account, leading to a more inclusive and welcoming digital environment.

What Is Included in a Manual Audit?

If you’re aiming for a website that not only checks the boxes on WCAG compliance but genuinely serves people of all abilities, a manual audit is key. The process involves a series of steps, from planning your testing scope to verifying that users can interact with your site in many different ways. Below, we’ll break down some core areas to consider in your manual testing efforts.

Developing a Testing Plan

Think of your testing plan as your roadmap. Before you begin, decide which pages, sections, and features of your site you’ll test. Maybe you’ll start with your homepage, or perhaps you’ll focus on your online store’s product pages, since that’s where most visitors end up. Consider the parts of your site that handle important tasks, like your checkout process or contact forms. These areas often matter most to users and should be top priorities.

Creating a well-structured plan helps you stay on track. As you test, keep good notes. Document where you find issues, what kind of barriers they create, and ideas for fixing them. This record will not only guide your repair work but also help you understand how your site’s accessibility improves over time.

Evaluating Keyboard Navigation

A simple yet powerful first step is to test your website using only a keyboard. Many individuals rely on a keyboard instead of a mouse because of physical or visual impairments. To do this, unplug your mouse and try navigating your site with the Tab, Shift + Tab, Enter, and arrow keys.

As you move through links, buttons, menus, and form fields, watch for a visible highlight or outline showing which element is currently selected (often called the “focus indicator”). If your focus gets “stuck” or disappears, that’s a sign of a problem. Users who depend on keyboard navigation should be able to move through your entire site easily and understand exactly where they are at all times.

If you find any trouble spots—like a pop-up menu that traps the focus—make note of it. Fixing these issues can make your site smoother and more intuitive for a wide range of visitors.

Manual Testing Compatibility with Screen Readers

Screen readers, such as NVDA, JAWS, and VoiceOver, help users with visual impairments navigate the web by reading page content aloud. To test compatibility, pick one of these tools and open your website. As you listen, ask yourself: Is the content announced in a clear, logical order? Do headings, links, and images make sense when read aloud?

Pay special attention to images. If an image conveys important information, its alt text should describe what’s shown and why it matters. If an image is only decorative, it should have a null alt attribute, so the screen reader will skip it. Your goal is to ensure that someone who can’t see the screen can still understand what’s there and how to interact with it.

Checking Color Contrast

Good color contrast isn’t just about making your site look nice—it’s about ensuring that everyone can read your content comfortably. People with low vision or color blindness might struggle to read text that doesn’t stand out enough from the background.

Use tools like WebAIM’s Contrast Checker to test your text and background color combinations. If the contrast is too low, adjust your colors until they meet the guidelines. Even a small improvement can make a big difference in how well users can read and engage with your content.

Reviewing Captions for Multimedia Content

Videos and audio clips add depth and interest to your site, but they also need to be accessible. Captions ensure that users who are deaf or hard of hearing can understand spoken content. If your videos have dialogue, instructions, or any important information, make sure they come with accurate captions that match the timing and meaning of the audio.

In some cases, you might need audio descriptions for users who can’t see the visuals. If your video shows data charts, important text, or other key details, consider adding a voice-over description to explain what’s on the screen.

Ensuring Accessible Forms

Forms are essential parts of many websites, whether they’re for signing up for a newsletter, making a purchase, or submitting a support request. Yet forms often pose accessibility challenges when they’re not labeled or organized correctly.

To test form accessibility, try navigating your forms using a keyboard and a screen reader. Do form fields have clear labels that the screen reader announces as you move through them? When errors occur, do the error messages explain the problem in simple terms and guide the user to fix it?

Paying extra attention to forms can go a long way toward making your site welcoming and easy to use.

Testing Skip Navigation Links

Skip navigation links are small but mighty features. They let users skip over repetitive elements—such as large navigation menus—and jump straight to the main content. This is especially helpful for those who rely on a keyboard or a screen reader, as it saves them from having to tab through the same menu items over and over.

To check for skip navigation links, start navigating your site from the top. See if there’s a “Skip to main content” link or something similar. If it’s missing, adding one can make browsing much more efficient for many users.

Verifying Link Text

Have you ever seen a link that just says “click here”? Without surrounding context, that’s not very helpful. People using screen readers often scan links out of their context, so vague link text can be confusing.

Review all the links on your site and ask yourself: Does the text describe the link’s purpose? For example, “Click here for our latest report” is less helpful than “Download our latest report.” The latter tells users exactly what they’ll get if they follow that link.

Reviewing Dynamic Content

Modern websites often feature dynamic elements like pop-ups, slideshows, or modal windows. While these can be visually appealing and helpful, they can also cause confusion if not set up properly. For instance, a modal window might appear over the rest of the content, but if a screen reader user isn’t informed that it popped up, they might continue reading the content behind it without knowing there’s something else to consider.

Test these features by opening them with a keyboard and listening with a screen reader. Make sure the screen reader announces the new content and that it’s easy to close the pop-up and return to the main page content. Users should feel in control of their experience at all times.

Documenting Issues and Prioritizing Fixes

As you work through manual testing, keep detailed notes. Write down any issues you find, along with the steps you’ll need to correct them. Consider how severe each problem is: Does it block users from completing critical tasks, or is it a minor inconvenience?

By sorting issues into categories—such as “high priority” or “low priority”—you can tackle the most urgent problems first. This approach helps you make steady progress and ensures that you address the biggest barriers right away.

Building a More Inclusive Website with 216digital

Manual testing might feel like a big job, but it’s a crucial part of creating a web experience that works for everyone. By planning your testing, checking keyboard navigation, using screen readers, ensuring proper color contrast, reviewing captions, making forms accessible, adding skip links, refining link text, and handling dynamic content correctly, you’ll identify and fix the issues that really matter.

When your website meets WCAG guidelines and is comfortable to use for people of all abilities, you strengthen your brand’s reputation and reach a wider audience. It’s not just about avoiding legal risks or ticking compliance boxes—though that’s important, too. It’s about showing that you value every visitor and believe they deserve equal access to your information, products, and services.

If you’re looking for personalized help in making your website ADA compliant, consider reaching out to 216digital. Our experts can provide an ADA briefing and guide you through the finer points of web accessibility, ensuring that you create an inclusive, user-friendly online environment that supports everyone who visits your site.

Greg McNeil

December 3, 2024

How-to Guides, Testing & Remediation

Accessibility, Accessibility testing, manual audit, Manual Testing, WCAG
When Is Web Accessibility Most Easily Achieved?
Creating an inclusive digital experience is no longer optional; it’s critical to building modern websites and applications. Accessibility for websites ensures that all users, including those with disabilities, can access, navigate, and interact with your content. While achieving accessibility at any stage is commendable, it’s most efficient and effective when integrated early in development. By starting accessibility efforts from the initial design planning phase and continuing through coding and content creation, businesses can ensure smoother workflows, cost efficiency, and an inclusive user experience.

Why Start Early?

Integrating accessibility early in the website development lifecycle is not just a best practice—it’s a necessity. Here’s why:

Cost Efficiency

Addressing accessibility for websites issues after a site is live can be expensive and time-consuming. According to research, fixing a bug during the design phase costs significantly less than fixing it post-launch. Early integration avoids retrofitting, often requiring revisiting designs, rewriting code, and reworking content.

Smoother Workflows

When accessibility for websites is built into your processes, teams can proactively anticipate and address potential issues rather than scrambling to fix problems at the last minute. This approach minimizes disruptions and fosters collaboration across design, development, and content teams.

Better User Experience

Accessibility enhances usability for everyone. By focusing on inclusivity from the beginning, you create a website that’s compliant and offers a seamless experience for all users, regardless of their abilities.

Best Practices for Early Integration

Integrating accessibility into your website development process from the outset ensures a smoother workflow, reduces costs, and creates a more inclusive user experience. The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG)—an internationally recognized set of standards for digital accessibility—serve as a foundational resource for implementing these practices. By incorporating WCAG principles early, you align your project with best practices while creating a platform that everyone can use.

Incorporate Accessibility into Design

Design is the foundation of an accessible website. Thoughtful design choices can prevent significant barriers from arising. Here’s how to ensure accessibility for websites from the beginning:
- Color Contrast: Use color combinations that meet WCAG’s minimum contrast ratio of 4.5:1 for body text and 3:1 for larger text. This ensures readability for users with visual impairments.
- Responsive and Scalable Fonts: Implement relative units like em or rem for font sizing, enabling users to resize text as needed without breaking layouts.
- Keyboard Navigation: Ensure all interactive elements (like buttons, forms, and menus) are fully operable with a keyboard alone, vital for users who cannot use a mouse.
- Accessible Visual Cues: Design clear focus states for interactive elements so users navigating with a keyboard can see which element is currently active.
Use Semantic HTML

Semantic HTML improves the usability of your website for assistive technologies and enhances the experience for all users. Here’s why it matters:
- Meaningful Tags: Use HTML5 elements like <header>, <nav>, <main>, and <footer> to give structure to your page. These tags help screen readers and other assistive technologies provide context to users.
- Proper Use of ARIA: Use Accessible Rich Internet Applications (ARIA) attributes only when semantic HTML cannot achieve the same functionality. Incorrect or excessive ARIA use can introduce unnecessary complexity.
Test Accessibility Throughout Development

Testing ensures your website is inclusive at every stage of its lifecycle. It helps detect and resolve potential barriers before they become costly problems. Follow these strategies:
- Assistive Technology Testing: Use tools like NVDA, JAWS, or VoiceOver to simulate real-world interactions and ensure your site is accessible to users relying on screen readers or magnifiers.
- Automated Testing Tools: Tools like WAVE, or Lighthouse can quickly identify common accessibility issues. Use them as part of your continuous integration process.
- Manual Testing: Combine automated testing with manual reviews to catch issues that tools might miss, such as ensuring logical tab order or meaningful link text.
- Iterative Testing: Conduct accessibility tests at critical milestones—during design, during development, and before launch.
Write Inclusive Content

Content creators play a crucial role in making a website accessible. Accessible content ensures that all users can engage with your site meaningfully:
- Alternative Text for Images: Provide concise yet descriptive alt text for all non-decorative images. This ensures users with visual impairments understand the context.
- Descriptive Links: Avoid vague link text like “click here.” Instead, use text that describes the link’s purpose, such as “Download the user manual.”
- Structured Headings: Use a logical heading hierarchy (e.g., <h1> for the main title, followed by <h2> and <h3> for subsections) to improve navigation.
- Multimedia Accessibility: Provide captions for videos and transcripts for audio content to accommodate users with hearing impairments and improve SEO.
Common Mistakes to Avoid

Delaying Accessibility Checks

One of the most common missteps is treating accessibility as an afterthought. Waiting until the end to check for compliance often results in rushed fixes that must be more thorough and effective.

Over-reliance on Automation

While automated tools are excellent for flagging issues, they can’t catch everything. Manual testing and user feedback are essential for identifying nuanced accessibility barriers.

Neglecting Maintenance

Accessibility is not a one-time task. Regular updates, content changes, and new features can introduce barriers if not correctly managed. Continuous monitoring is essential to maintaining compliance.

Actionable Advice for Integrating Accessibility

Educate Your Team

Invest in accessibility training for your design, development, and content teams. Understanding the principles of accessibility empowers everyone to contribute to an inclusive user experience.

Adopt Accessibility Checklists

Incorporate WCAG guidelines into your project workflows with easy-to-follow checklists. These ensure that no critical steps are overlooked during design or development.

Engage Accessibility Experts

Consulting with experts early can save time and resources. They can provide audits, training, and guidance tailored to your project’s needs.

Build Accessibility Into Your Workflow

Use tools like GitHub to integrate accessibility checks into your code repositories. Automated testing scripts can flag issues as developers commit code.

Monitor Accessibility Post-Launch

Deploy ongoing monitoring tools like a11y.Radar to track compliance and detect issues as they arise. Regular audits ensure your website remains accessible as it evolves.

Conclusion

Website accessibility is most efficiently and effectively achieved when treated as a core part of the development process. By starting accessibility for websites efforts early—at the design stage—and continuing them through coding, content creation, and post-launch maintenance, businesses can avoid costly mistakes, streamline workflows, and create an inclusive user experience.

The benefits of early integration are clear: reduced costs, enhanced usability, and compliance with legal standards. By embracing best practices like using semantic HTML, testing with assistive technologies, and prioritizing continuous testing, organizations can set themselves up for success.

Remember, accessibility isn’t just about meeting regulations—it’s about making your website welcoming and usable for everyone. Start early, stay committed, and reap the rewards of an accessible, inclusive digital presence.

Ready to make accessibility a cornerstone of your web strategy?

Schedule an ADA briefing with 216digital today. Our experts are here to guide you through creating a website that’s not only compliant but also exceptional in user experience. Contact us to take the first step toward an inclusive digital future.
Greg McNeil

December 2, 2024

Testing & Remediation

Accessibility Remediation, Web Accessibility, Web Accessibility Remediation, Website Accessibility
WCAG Tips Every Content Creator Should Know
When you’re creating content for the web, accessibility might not always be the first thing on your mind. You’re busy crafting engaging stories, writing catchy headlines, or finding the perfect image. But here’s the deal: ignoring accessibility can limit your audience and potentially land you in legal trouble. That’s where Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) comes in—and yes, it’s easier than you think.

Let’s break down what WCAG is, why it matters for content creators, and how you can make your content shine for everyone.

What is WCAG, and Why Should You Care?

WCAG stands for Web Content Accessibility Guidelines, but don’t let the formal name intimidate you. These guidelines are essentially a roadmap for making websites, apps, and digital content usable for everyone—whether someone has a disability or not. Developed by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), WCAG focuses on four key principles: making content perceivable, operable, understandable, and robust (POUR). Think of it as a checklist to ensure your site is accessible to as many people as possible.

It’s all about ensuring that everyone, regardless of their abilities, can engage with your website. Sounds important, right? It is.

And it’s not just for developers! WCAG applies to everyone involved in building a website, including content creators. Accessible content expands your reach, enhances the user experience, boosts your site’s SEO, and helps you avoid potential legal pitfalls. In short, accessibility isn’t a chore—it’s a win-win.

The Benefits of Accessible Content

Expand Your Audience Reach

Did you know that 28.7% of adults in the U.S.—that’s over 61 million people—live with a disability? Globally, this number jumps to over 1 billion people, or 16% of the world’s population. Aligning your content with WCAG opens the door to a massive audience that often faces barriers online. Accessible content ensures these users can interact with your brand just as easily as anyone else.

Boost SEO

Accessible content improves your website’s visibility. For example, alternative text for images helps search engines understand your visuals, while properly structured headings and clear navigation improve crawlability. Research shows that websites meeting accessibility standards often rank higher in search engine results, giving you an edge over competitors who overlook these guidelines.

Enhance User Experience

Accessibility benefits everyone—not just those with disabilities. A study by Forrester Research found that improving user experience can increase conversion rates by up to 200%. Features like video captions, clear navigation, and legible fonts make it easier for users of all abilities to engage with your content.

Avoid Legal Risks

Lawsuits related to digital accessibility are on the rise. In the U.S., 4,605 web accessibility lawsuits were filed under the ADA in 2023—a nearly 13% increase from the previous year. Following WCAG not only protects your brand from potential litigation but also demonstrates your commitment to inclusivity.

Practical WCAG Tips for Content Creators

Making your content accessible doesn’t require a complete overhaul. Small, thoughtful changes can make a huge difference. Let’s dive into some practical tips for content creators, with expanded advice to make each step actionable.

Use Proper Headings

Headings aren’t just for organizing your thoughts—they’re essential for accessibility. Structured headings (H1, H2, H3, etc.) create a clear hierarchy that helps all users, including those using screen readers, navigate your content easily.
- Start with a single H1 as the main title of your page.
- Use H2 for main sections and H3 for subsections. Avoid skipping levels (e.g., going from H1 directly to H3).
- Write headings that are concise but descriptive. For example, “Tips for Accessible Content” is better than “Tips.”
Properly structured headings also improve SEO by signaling the importance of your content to search engines.

Add Alternative Text for Images

Alternative text (alt text) describes the content of an image for users who can’t see it. This helps screen reader users and also boosts SEO by making your images searchable.
- Be specific and relevant. Instead of “Picture of a cake,” use “A three-tiered chocolate cake with white icing and red roses.”
- Avoid saying “Image of” or “Picture of”—screen readers already indicate it’s an image.
- If an image is decorative and doesn’t convey critical information, use a null alt attribute (alt=" ") so screen readers can skip it.
Alt text should fit naturally into your content, adding context without overloading users with unnecessary details.

Color Contrast

Color contrast is vital for users with visual impairments, such as color blindness or low vision. Text that blends into the background is difficult to read, even for users without disabilities.
- Use a contrast ratio of at least 4.5:1 for regular text and 3:1 for large text (as per WCAG SC 1.4.3).
- Avoid using color alone to convey meaning. For instance, instead of relying on red text to indicate an error, include a descriptive message like “Please enter a valid email address.”
- Test your designs with online contrast checkers to ensure compliance.
Strong contrast not only aids accessibility but also improves readability and engagement for all users.

Choose Accessible Fonts

The typeface you use plays a significant role in how accessible your content is. Some fonts are more legible than others, particularly for users with visual impairments or learning disabilities.
- Opt for sans-serif fonts like Arial, Verdana, or Tahoma, which are easier to read on screens.
- Ensure your font size is large enough—typically at least 16px for body text.
- Avoid excessive italics or decorative fonts that may be hard to read.
Accessible fonts contribute to a cleaner, more professional appearance that benefits all users.

Write Descriptive Links

Vague link text like “Click here” or “Learn more” can be confusing for screen reader users. Instead, use descriptive link text that tells users where the link will take them.
- Good example: “Read our guide on WCAG compliance for content creators.”
- Bad example: “Click here.”
- Ensure links make sense out of context. Some users navigate sites by jumping between links, so each one should provide value on its own.
Descriptive links also make your content easier to scan and improve your site’s SEO.

Create Accessible Tables

Tables are useful for presenting data but can become a nightmare for accessibility if not designed properly.
- Use headers (<th> tags) for column or row titles. This helps screen readers understand the table structure.
- Avoid merging cells or using tables for layout purposes—this confuses assistive technologies.
- Include captions to explain the table’s purpose. For example, “Table showing monthly website traffic for 2023.”
Accessible tables ensure your data is comprehensible for all users, not just those using traditional browsers.

Caption Your Videos

Video captions aren’t just helpful for people who are deaf or hard of hearing—they’re valuable for anyone in a noisy or quiet environment.
- Include both closed captions (user-controlled) and open captions (always visible).
- Ensure captions are synced accurately with the dialogue or sounds.
- For additional accessibility, provide a transcript that includes all spoken words, sound effects, and meaningful visual elements.
Well-captioned videos increase engagement, improve retention, and align with WCAG guidelines.

Use Plain Language

Accessible content isn’t just about design—it’s also about the words you choose. Writing in plain language ensures your content is easy to understand for a broad audience, including users with cognitive disabilities.
- Break complex ideas into smaller, simpler sentences.
- Define jargon or technical terms the first time they appear.
- Use bullet points and lists to organize information clearly.
Plain language isn’t dumbing down your content; it’s making it more approachable and impactful.

Monitor Accessibility Regularly

Creating accessible content isn’t a one-and-done task. Websites are dynamic, with new pages, updates, and features being added constantly. This means your accessibility efforts need regular check-ins to ensure compliance with WCAG standards. Neglecting this can leave you vulnerable to accessibility gaps, which not only alienate users but could also lead to legal risks.

Thankfully, tools like a11y.Radar make monitoring accessibility easier and more effective. This specialized service continuously scans your site for issues, giving you a clear, actionable picture of your site’s compliance status.

Final Thoughts

Accessibility doesn’t have to be overwhelming, and you don’t have to tackle it alone. With WCAG as your guide and the right support, you can create content that reaches more people, performs better in search engines, and provides an exceptional user experience. But ensuring accessibility is more than a one-time effort—it’s an ongoing process.

That’s where we come in.

At 216digital, we specialize in making web accessibility simple and actionable for content creators just like you. Whether you’re new to WCAG or need help fine-tuning your content strategy, our ADA briefing is the perfect place to start.

Schedule your ADA briefing today, and let us show you how to make your content accessible, impactful, and compliant—all while reaching a broader audience and safeguarding your business. Accessibility is an opportunity, and together, we can help you unlock it.
Greg McNeil

November 26, 2024

WCAG Compliance

Accessibility, Content Creators, Content Writing, SEO, WCAG, WCAG Compliance, Web Accessibility
A Guide to Web Accessibility Evaluation Tools
Creating a website that works for everyone isn’t just about ticking off legal checkboxes—it’s about ensuring every visitor, regardless of ability, can navigate your site with ease and enjoy their experience. Even if you’re familiar with web accessibility, it’s easy to wonder: Have I missed anything? Are there barriers I didn’t notice?

As digital inclusion becomes increasingly vital, ensuring your website is truly accessible is essential. So, how can you confidently create a welcoming space for all? That’s where web accessibility evaluation tools come in.

These tools simplify the process of identifying and addressing barriers, helping you build an inclusive website while enhancing the user experience. Let’s explore how they work, why they matter, and how to choose the right one for your needs.

What Are Web Accessibility Evaluation Tools?

Web accessibility evaluation tools are designed to analyze websites for accessibility issues. Think of these tools as the first line of defense in identifying problems that might hinder someone with visual, auditory, or cognitive impairments from fully engaging with your content.

These tools scan your website pinpointing issues like poor color contrast, missing alt text for images, or broken keyboard navigation. Some go further, offering continuous monitoring and integration with development workflows.

Why Are They Important?

Using a web accessibility evaluation tool is more than a technical step—it’s a commitment to inclusivity and compliance. Here’s why they’re indispensable:
- WCAG Compliance: Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) standards are the backbone of digital accessibility. Tools help you identify and address non-compliance to avoid legal risks.
- User Experience: Accessibility isn’t just for people with disabilities; it improves usability for everyone. For example, captions benefit not only those who are deaf but also people in noisy environments.
- Boost Brand Reputation: An accessible website shows your commitment to inclusion, fostering goodwill and loyalty among your audience.
- Legal Protection: With lawsuits over inaccessible websites on the rise, staying compliant minimizes legal vulnerabilities.
Benefits of Using Web Accessibility Evaluation Tools
- Efficient Issue Detection: Automated tools can scan your website in minutes, identifying accessibility barriers that might take hours to find manually.
- Enhancing the User Journey: Accessibility issues often overlap with usability problems. Fixing these barriers creates a smoother and more enjoyable experience for all visitors.
- Avoiding Legal Issues: Addressing accessibility gaps proactively reduces the likelihood of being targeted by lawsuits related to digital accessibility.
- Cost-Effective Improvements: Automated tools are an affordable starting point for businesses that need to improve their websites without a major investment.
- Sustained Accessibility: Continuous monitoring ensures your website remains accessible even as you update or expand its content.
How to Choose the Right Accessibility Evaluation Tool

When selecting a tool, start by asking these questions:
- What’s my budget?
- Do I need ongoing monitoring or a one-time scan?
- How user-friendly does the tool need to be for my team?
For small businesses, look for tools with simple interfaces and strong customer support. Larger organizations may need advanced features like integrations and robust reporting.One tool worth considering is Accessibility Radar (a11y.Radar), which provides real-time monitoring, actionable insights, and scalable solutions for businesses of all sizes.

What to Look for in Web Accessibility Evaluation Tools

Not all tools are created equal. To get the most out of a web accessibility evaluation tool, focus on these features:
- Automated Scanning: Quickly detect common issues like missing ARIA labels or unstructured content to get a big-picture view of potential accessibility gaps.
- Real-Time Monitoring: For frequently updated websites, real-time monitoring ensures new issues are caught as they appear. Tools like a11y.Radar excel at providing continuous oversight.
- Integration Options: Choose tools that integrate seamlessly with your existing systems, such as your CMS, analytics platforms, or development tools.
- Actionable Reporting: Look for tools that provide clear, prioritized reports so your team knows where to focus their efforts.
- Customizability: Tailor the tool to address your site’s unique needs and align with relevant accessibility standards.
a11y.Radar ADA Monitoring

a11y.Radar is an automated recurring ADA web compliance auditing platform. Through our work in the trenches of the ADA web remediation space, we were able to reverse-engineer the process in which many of the prolific ADA non-compliance lawsuit firms identify their targets. We realized that the vast majority of cases are filed solely based on the results of automated scanning tools, so we developed Accessibility Radar as a hands-off method of keeping you out of their crosshairs.

How Does a11y.Radar ADA Monitoring Work?

a11y.Radar ADA monitoring service reports on your ongoing accessibility efforts, whether conducted by your internal digital teams or an outside web agency. Access enhanced dashboards and receive updates to content, code, and user experience that could pose potential blocks to users or threaten your accessibility standards. In addition, our seamless interface allows your team members to view current issues and manage pending adjustments.

Limitations of Automated Tools

It’s important to acknowledge that even the best web accessibility evaluation tool can’t catch everything. Automated tools are great for spotting obvious issues, but they might miss nuances that only a human can detect. For example, determining whether alt text appropriately describes an image often requires human judgment.

To bridge these gaps, combine automated tools with manual testing. This hands-on approach helps identify issues that software alone can’t catch. This means involving people—preferably those with disabilities or experts in web accessibility—in testing your website. Manual testing can uncover issues related to usability and user experience that automated tools might overlook.

Practical Tips for Using Accessibility Tools
- Start with an Automated Scan: Identify low-hanging fruit like fixing color contrast or adding alt text to images.
- Prioritize Fixes: Focus on the most significant barriers affecting users, such as navigation or text readability.
- Educate Your Team: Make sure your developers and content creators understand the tool’s insights and how to implement changes effectively.
- Schedule Regular Checks: Accessibility is an ongoing process, not a one-time task. Use tools to monitor your site periodically.
Make Accessibility a Priority

Digital accessibility isn’t just a legal consideration—it’s a business advantage. By using web accessibility evaluation tools like a11y.Radar, you can identify barriers, enhance user experience, and demonstrate your commitment to inclusivity.

Ready to take the next step toward a more accessible website? Schedule an ADA briefing with 216digital to learn how a11y.Radar can provide real-time monitoring and actionable insights tailored to your needs. Together, we’ll help you build an inclusive, user-friendly website that welcomes everyone.

By investing in accessibility, you’re investing in your audience and building a stronger, more inclusive brand. Don’t wait—reach out to 216digital today and make your website a space where everyone feels welcome.
Greg McNeil

November 25, 2024

Testing & Remediation, Web Accessibility Monitoring

Accessibility, Accessibility monitoring, Accessibility testing, evaluation tools, Website Accessibility, Website Accessibility Tools
Accessible Chatbots: Breaking Barriers in Support
Nowadays, customers have come to expect support and product help on-demand, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. It is only possible for some businesses to provide human assistance at all times – that’s where chatbots come in. These tools can be invaluable to users and business owners alike, but it’s essential to ensure that people with disabilities can gain access to the same support. Let’s explore the concept of accessible chatbots.

Why Chatbot Accessibility Matters

Imagine trying to resolve an urgent issue on a website, only to find the chatbot—your primary source of help—completely unusable. For many people with disabilities, this scenario is all too common.

Accessible chatbots aren’t just about meeting legal requirements like ADA (Americans with Disabilities Act) compliance or adhering to WCAG (Web Content Accessibility Guidelines) standards; they’re about creating a seamless experience for everyone. When designed thoughtfully, chatbots can be a powerful tool for inclusivity. But when accessibility is overlooked, they can alienate an entire segment of your audience.

Common Barriers in AI Chatbots

Incompatible with Screen Readers

Many chatbots need more critical semantic HTML features like landmarks and incorrectly use HTML tags, causing a confusing or frustrating experience.

Keyboard Navigation Failures

Chatbots often lack keyboard support, requiring mouse clicks to open or interact. Users with disabilities rely on the ability to navigate content and functionality with alternative input methods like keyboards, voice commands, and gestures.

Unclear or Missing Focus Indicators

Focus indicators—the visual cues showing where a user is on a page—are often missing in chatbots. Without these, keyboard users may lose track of where they are in the conversation flow.

Overly Complex or Jumbled Responses

Chatbots tend to present information in long blocks of text or overly complicated formats. For users with cognitive disabilities, this can be overwhelming and hard to follow.

Time Constraints

Some chatbots automatically close after a period of inactivity, which can disadvantage users who need more time to read or type responses.

Lack of Alternative Communication Options

Chatbots often act as the sole method of contact, leaving users without alternative ways to reach support if they can’t use the chatbot.

How to Build an Accessible Chatbot

Making your chatbot accessible doesn’t have to be daunting. By following WCAG guidelines and implementing these best practices, you can create a more inclusive experience:

Use Semantic HTML for Chatbot Elements

Building an accessible chatbot does not require any specialized experience – you can apply the same general best practices to achieve accessible elements. Use the correct semantic HTML tags for each component you create, such as button or input elements.

Here’s an example of an accessible chatbot button:
```
<button aria-label="Open chatbot" id="chatbot-open-button">  
  Chat with us  
</button>
```
The aria-label ensures that screen readers convey the button’s purpose to users.

Support Keyboard Navigation

Your chatbot should be fully functional with just a keyboard. Test whether users can open, navigate, and interact with the chatbot using the Tab and arrow keys.

For example, ensure focus moves logically through the chatbot interface:
```
document.querySelector('#chatbot-input').focus();  
```
Provide Descriptive ARIA Labels

ARIA (Accessible Rich Internet Applications) roles and attributes can bridge gaps in accessibility, but they must be used carefully. Assign roles like aria-live to update users on dynamic content.
```
<div role="alert" aria-live="polite" id="chatbot-messages">  
  Welcome! How can I assist you today?  
</div>  
```
Using aria-live ensures that screen readers announce new messages in real time.

Design with Simplicity in Mind

Avoid overwhelming users with large blocks of text. Break responses into smaller chunks and provide clear, concise answers.

Allow for Adjustable Timing

Let users control the session duration. If the chatbot times out, allow them to restart the session without losing previous messages.
```
setTimeout(() => {  
  alert('The chatbot session has timed out. Click to resume.');  
}, 300000);   
```
Include Accessible Focus Indicators

Make sure users can see which element is currently focused. Use CSS to style focus indicators:
```
button:focus {  
  outline: 2px solid #005fcc;  
  outline-offset: 2px;  
}  
```
Provide Alternatives to Chatbots

Not everyone can—or wants to—use a chatbot. Always include alternative ways to contact your business, like email or phone.

Testing Chatbot Accessibility

Testing is critical for identifying and fixing accessibility issues. Here are some methods to ensure your chatbot meets accessibility standards:

Manual Testing with Screen Readers

Test the chatbot using screen readers like NVDA or JAWS. Check if labels, navigation, and dynamic updates work as intended.

Keyboard Navigation Tests

Navigate the entire chatbot interface using only a keyboard. Make sure the focus moves logically, and that all interactions are possible.

Automated Tools

Use tools like Lighthouse to identify accessibility issues in your chatbot’s code.

User Feedback

Invite users with disabilities to test the chatbot and provide feedback. Their real-world experiences will highlight areas you may have missed.

Meeting WCAG Standards for Chatbots

The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) provide a roadmap for making chatbots more inclusive. Key criteria to consider include:
- 1.3.1: Info and Relationships
- Ensure that chatbot components are semantically structured and that relationships between elements are apparent.
- 2.1.1: Keyboard Accessibility
- All chatbot functions must be accessible via keyboard.
- 2.4.7: Focus Visible
- Ensure users can see where they are within the chatbot interface.
- 4.1.2: Name, Role, Value
- Use ARIA roles and labels to make interactive elements understandable to assistive technologies.
Wrapping Up

All the functionality on your website is helpful in some way to your users, or else you wouldn’t include it on your site. All functionality on your website should be accessible to everyone, especially chatbots.

Remember to test your chatbot with screen readers, ensure keyboard compatibility, and always provide alternative ways to connect. Inclusive design benefits your business by reaching a broader audience and creating a better user experience for all.

If you’re unsure if your chatbot is accessible to everyone, reach out to 216digital using the contact form below.
Greg McNeil

November 22, 2024

How-to Guides

Accessibility, Chatbots, web developers, web development, Website Accessibility
Skip Links: Improve Web Accessibility & Navigation
More and more, digital accessibility has become a major talking point when browsing the web. One of the key components that improve accessibility for users with disabilities is something many users might not even notice: skip links.

These simple yet powerful tools can make a huge difference in the web experience for individuals relying on keyboard-only interaction, screen readers, or other assistive technologies. In this article, we’ll explore the importance of skip links, their technical mechanics, and how you can implement them effectively on your website.

What Are Skip Links and Why Are They Important?

Skip links are navigational links that allow users to skip over repetitive content such as headers, navigation menus, or other elements they’ve already seen. For users relying on assistive technologies like screen readers, keyboard navigation, or switch devices, skip links enable them to jump directly to the main content of the page.

When navigating a website using a keyboard (by pressing the Tab key), users typically encounter all of the page’s links and elements in a set order. This often means they have to cycle through the same menus, headers, and other repetitive content every time they visit a new page or reload an existing one. Skip links solve this problem by providing an easy way to bypass these elements, saving time and frustration for those who need alternative navigation methods.

For example, imagine you’re using a screen reader to navigate a website. Without skip links, you might be forced to listen to the same navigation menu and header over and over again, even though you’re only trying to get to the main body of the page. Skip links allow you to bypass this content, going straight to the part of the page you want.

The Key Benefits of Skip Links

Improved Navigation for Keyboard-Only Users

Many people with disabilities, including those with limited mobility or dexterity, use keyboards or alternative input devices to navigate the web. Skip links let users quickly navigate to the main content, bypassing headers, footers, and menus that they may have already accessed.

Enhanced Experience for Screen Reader Users

Screen readers announce every element on a webpage in the order they are tabbed through. Without skip links, users would have to hear the same menus and links repeatedly, making navigation time-consuming and tedious. Skip links streamline the experience by providing a shortcut to the main content.

Better Usability for Assistive Technologies

Skip links are a simple yet effective tool that benefits various assistive technologies, enhancing the overall usability of your website for a wide range of users.

Increased Accessibility Compliance

Many countries and regions have laws requiring websites to be accessible. For example, in the United States, the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) mandates that websites must be accessible to all users, including those with disabilities. Implementing skip links helps ensure your website is compliant with accessibility guidelines like Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG).

How Do Skip Links Work?

Skip links work by creating a link that, when activated, allows the user to bypass parts of the webpage and move directly to a more relevant section. These links are typically placed at the top of the page, visible only when the user navigates using the keyboard (by pressing the Tab key). The link itself usually says something like “Skip to main content,” “Skip to navigation,” or “Skip to footer,” depending on which section the user wants to bypass.

The Technical Mechanics of Skip Links

To create a skip link, you use basic HTML along with some helpful attributes to control the behavior and accessibility of the link. Here’s an overview of the technical aspects of skip links:

HTML Structure with <a href> Tags

The primary way to implement skip links is with the <a> (anchor) tag, which creates hyperlinks. These links should point to specific elements within the webpage, often with id attributes to mark the sections users can skip to.

tabindex Attribute

The tabindex attribute is used to control the tab order of elements. By default, links and form controls are included in the tab order. However, for skip links to work properly, they need to be made focusable before other content is tabbed through.

aria-label and aria-hidden Attributes

The aria-label attribute can be used to provide screen readers with a more descriptive label for the skip link. For example, you can use it to define a more readable label like “Skip to main content,” ensuring that screen readers announce the skip link’s purpose clearly. On the other hand, the aria-hidden attribute can be used to hide elements from assistive technologies when needed.

A Simple Skip Link Example

Here’s a simple HTML example of a skip link that allows users to skip directly to the main content of a webpage:
```
<a href="#main-content" class="skip-link" tabindex="0" aria-label="Skip to main content">Skip to main content</a>
<header>
<nav>  </nav>
</header>
<main id="main-content">
<h1>Welcome to Our Website</h1>
<p>This is the main content of the page...</p>
</main>
```
In this example:
- The skip link (<a href="#main-content">) is placed at the top of the page and links to the main-content section identified by the id="main-content".
- The tabindex="0" ensures that the skip link is focusable and can be reached when using the Tab key.
- The aria-label="Skip to main content" helps screen reader users understand what the link does.
Styling Skip Links

While skip links are crucial for accessibility, they’re not always visually appealing by default. To make skip links blend in with your design, you’ll likely want to hide them until they’re needed and style them for better usability. Here’s how you can style skip links using CSS:
```
.skip-link {
position: absolute;
top: -40px; /* Hide the link off-screen */
left: 0;
background-color: #000;
color: #fff;
padding: 10px;
z-index: 100;
}
.skip-link:focus {
top: 10px; /* Bring the link into view when focused */
}
```
In this example:
- The .skip-link class hides the skip link off-screen with top: -40px until it’s needed.
- When the link is focused (i.e., when the user tabs to it), it becomes visible by setting top: 10px.
- You can customize the background color, text color, padding, and positioning to match your website’s design.
JavaScript for Enhanced Skip Link Functionality

In some cases, you may want to enhance the behavior of your skip link using JavaScript. For example, you might want to automatically focus the main content once the skip link is activated. Here’s how you can do that:
```
document.querySelector('.skip-link').addEventListener('click', function(e) {
e.preventDefault();
document.querySelector('#main-content').focus();
});
```
This script listens for a click on the skip link and prevents the default action (i.e., jumping to the href target). Instead, it uses JavaScript to focus on the main content section, making it even easier for users to access.

Testing Skip Links for Accessibility

Once you’ve implemented skip links, it’s essential to test them to ensure they’re working as expected. Here are a few key tips for testing your skip links:
1. Keyboard Navigation: Use the Tab key to cycle through the elements on your page. Ensure the skip link is the first item that can be focused and that it jumps you to the main content.
2. Screen Reader Testing: Test your skip links with a screen reader (such as NVDA or VoiceOver) to ensure the skip links are announced correctly and work as expected.
3. Cross-Browser Compatibility: Make sure your skip links work across different browsers and devices. Some older browsers might have quirks that affect the behavior of tabindex or CSS styling, so testing across multiple platforms is critical.
4. Accessibility Tools: Use automated accessibility tools like Lighthouse to check for accessibility issues on your website. These tools can help identify missing or misused attributes related to skip links.
Challenges with Skip Links

While skip links are an essential tool for accessibility, there are some challenges you might encounter when implementing them:
- Browser Inconsistencies: Different browsers and devices may render skip links or handle focus management differently. It’s important to test across various platforms to ensure consistent behavior.
- Visibility and Styling: Skip links should be visible when needed but unobtrusive when not. Ensuring they are easily accessible but don’t clutter the design can require some careful styling.
- Managing Focus Order: If your page has dynamic content (like modals or sticky headers), you may need to adjust the focus order or ensure that skip links still work as expected when these elements are present.
Skip Ahead to Success

Skip links are a simple but vital tool in improving the accessibility of your website. They help keyboard-only users, screen reader users, and others navigate your site more efficiently by skipping over repetitive content and jumping straight to the main sections of the page. By implementing skip links with proper HTML, CSS, and JavaScript, you can enhance the user experience for a wider audience, making your site more inclusive and accessible.

If you’re ready to make your website ADA-compliant and accessible to everyone, schedule an ADA briefing with 216digital. Our team of experts will walk you through the process, address any questions, and help you create an inclusive, compliant, and user-friendly web experience. Don’t wait—take the first step toward a more accessible digital presence today.
Greg McNeil

November 21, 2024

How-to Guides

Accessibility, How-to, skip link, Web Accessibility, web developers, web development
Is ADA Compliance the Same as 508 Compliance?
If you’ve worked on a website or digital content, you know accessibility isn’t just important—it’s essential. But here’s a common question that trips up even seasoned professionals: Are ADA compliance and Section 508 compliance the same thing? While they may seem similar at first glance—both aim to make digital experiences accessible—their differences are crucial, and misunderstanding them could mean focusing on the wrong standards for your audience or business.

In this article, we’ll unpack the distinctions and overlaps between ADA and Section 508 compliance. By the end, you’ll not only understand what sets them apart but also how to use this knowledge to make your website truly accessible.

What is ADA Compliance?

ADA stands for the Americans with Disabilities Act, a landmark law passed in 1990 to ensure that people with disabilities have the same rights and opportunities as everyone else. The ADA covers a wide range of accessibility issues, from physical spaces (like ramps and elevators in buildings) to digital spaces (like websites and online services). In the context of websites, ADA compliance means making sure your website is accessible to people with disabilities.

For websites, ADA compliance means ensuring accessibility for people with disabilities. This includes making your site usable for:
- Visually impaired individuals using screen readers.
- Deaf or hard-of-hearing users who rely on captions or transcripts.
- People with motor disabilities who may use keyboards or alternative input devices instead of a mouse.
While the ADA itself doesn’t give specific rules for websites, it requires businesses to ensure that their digital services are accessible. This is where guidelines like the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) come into play. The WCAG provides a set of standards for making websites accessible to everyone, including people with various disabilities.

What is Section 508 Compliance?

Section 508 is part of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, a law designed to improve access for people with disabilities, especially in the workplace and in government. Section 508 specifically focuses on ensuring that federal agencies and contractors make their electronic and information technology (EIT) accessible. This includes websites, software, videos, and other forms of digital content used by government employees and the public.

Section 508 compliance is more specific than ADA compliance because it lays out detailed technical standards for web accessibility. Unlike the ADA, which applies to all public and private entities, Section 508 is focused specifically on federal government entities and those that do business with the government.

The Key Differences Between ADA and Section 508 Compliance

Now that we have a basic understanding of both standards let’s take a look at some of the key differences:

Scope of Applicability

ADA compliance applies to all businesses, government entities, and organizations that provide public services, including websites, regardless of whether they are working with the federal government.

On the other hand, Section 508 only applies to federal agencies, federal contractors, and any organizations or companies that receive federal funding or contracts. In other words, Section 508 is more narrow in scope than ADA compliance.

Specificity of Standards

ADA compliance serves as a general guideline rather than providing specific technical or legal instructions for web accessibility. Its primary focus is on the principle of accessibility, encouraging the design of websites that are usable by individuals with a variety of disabilities. By prioritizing inclusivity, ADA compliance aims to ensure that everyone can effectively access online content. ADA compliance often refers to the WCAG guidelines for web content accessibility.

Section 508 compliance is more prescriptive, offering clear technical guidelines for web accessibility. These standards focus on things like screen reader compatibility, color contrast, keyboard navigation, and other specific details.

Enforcement

ADA compliance can be enforced through private lawsuits, meaning that individuals with disabilities or advocacy groups can take legal action if a website is not accessible. This has led to a number of high-profile lawsuits in recent years, where businesses were sued for failing to make their websites accessible.

Section 508 compliance is enforced primarily through audits and inspections conducted by the federal government. If a government agency or contractor is found to be non-compliant, they could lose funding and contracts or be excluded from future government work.

Similarities Between ADA and Section 508 Compliance

Even though there are some important differences, both ADA compliance and Section 508 compliance share several key similarities:

The Goal of Accessibility

Both ADA and Section 508 aim to make the digital world more accessible to people with disabilities. This means ensuring that websites, online services, and content are usable by people who have visual, auditory, cognitive, or motor impairments.

Use of WCAG Guidelines

Both ADA and Section 508 compliance often refer to WCAG as a standard for making websites accessible. While Section 508 has its own set of technical requirements, these overlap with many of the WCAG principles. So, if you’re working on a website, it’s helpful to familiarize yourself with WCAG standards, whether you are concerned with ADA or Section 508 compliance.

Testing for Accessibility

Both ADA and Section 508 compliance require you to test your website for accessibility. This can include using screen readers, testing keyboard navigation, checking for proper color contrast, and making sure your site works with assistive technologies like voice recognition software.

Practical Tips for Testing Your Website for Accessibility

Whether you’re aiming to meet ADA or Section 508 compliance, here are some practical steps you can take to test and improve the accessibility of your website:

Use Automated Tools

There are a number of tools that can help you check for accessibility issues, like WAVE or Lighthouse. These tools scan your site for common accessibility issues like missing alt text for images, poor color contrast, and improper heading structure. While automated tools are helpful, they shouldn’t be your only testing method.

Manual Testing

Automated tools can catch some issues, but manual testing is also essential. This might include navigating your site with a keyboard (without using a mouse) or testing your site with a screen reader like NVDA or VoiceOver to see how it works for visually impaired users.

Get Feedback from Users

If possible, have people with disabilities test your site. Getting feedback from real users is one of the best ways to identify issues you might not have thought of. You can reach out to local accessibility organizations or use user testing platforms to gather feedback.

Review Your Content

Make sure your website’s content is accessible, too. This means providing text alternatives for images, videos with captions, or transcripts and using simple, easy-to-read language.

Which Should You Focus On?

Understanding the distinctions between ADA and Section 508 compliance is critical for creating an inclusive, accessible website that meets legal standards. If you’re a business owner, ADA compliance should be your primary concern. Federal contractors and agencies, on the other hand, must adhere to Section 508 requirements.

The good news? Improving accessibility benefits everyone—not just your users, but your organization too.

Navigating these regulations can feel daunting, but you don’t have to go it alone. At 216digital, we specialize in tailored accessibility solutions to help you meet both ADA and Section 508 standards. From comprehensive audits to ongoing monitoring, we’re here to guide you every step of the way.

Ready to make your website accessible to everyone? Schedule an ADA briefing with 216digital and take the first step toward compliance and inclusivity.
Greg McNeil

November 19, 2024

Legal Compliance

Accessibility, ADA, ADA Compliance, Section 508, Web Accessibility
POURing Effort into Web Accessibility
Creating an inclusive digital world isn’t just a nice-to-have—it’s a necessity. For many people, accessing information online isn’t as simple as opening a website and scrolling through content. Visual impairments, mobility challenges, cognitive disabilities, and other barriers can make navigating the internet difficult without proper accommodations. That’s where the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) come in.

WCAG provides a roadmap for making web content accessible to all users, regardless of their abilities. Central to these guidelines are four foundational principles known by the acronym POUR: Perceivable, Operable, Understandable, and Robust. In this article, we’ll explore what POUR means, why it’s important, and how you can apply these principles to create a more accessible user experience.

What Is POUR?

At the heart of WCAG are the four foundational principles known as POUR: Perceivable, Operable, Understandable, and Robust. These principles serve as the pillars of accessible design, guiding developers and designers to create web experiences that accommodate a wide range of abilities and preferences.

POUR ensures that digital content is not only accessible but also functional and user-friendly. Adhering to these principles helps remove barriers and allows everyone—regardless of physical, sensory, or cognitive abilities—to engage with web content fully and independently.

In the following sections, we’ll take a closer look at each of the POUR principles, their practical applications, and how they make web content more inclusive.

Perceivable: Making Content Accessible to the Senses

The principle of perceivability focuses on ensuring that all users can access and process the information presented on a website. This means content must be adaptable to a variety of sensory modalities, such as vision, hearing, or touch. Without perceivable content, users with sensory disabilities may be completely excluded from accessing critical information.

What Does Perceivable Mean in Practice?
1. Text Alternatives for Non-Text Content: Every image, icon, and multimedia element must include a text equivalent, such as alt text for images or transcripts for audio content. For example, if a website features a graph, it should include a detailed description of the data for visually impaired users.
2. Captions and Audio Descriptions: Videos should have captions for users who are deaf or hard of hearing and audio descriptions for users who are blind, ensuring everyone can understand the content.
3. Readable Text Content: Font size, color contrast, and spacing should make text readable for users with visual impairments or dyslexia. For instance, using a high-contrast color scheme helps users with low vision differentiate between text and background.
Common Mistakes That Violate Perceivable Standards
- Using images without alt text or vague descriptions like “image123.jpg.”
- Not adding captions to video content makes it difficult for people with hearing impairments to follow along.
- Designing web content that relies heavily on color to convey information can be problematic for color-blind users.
Operable: Ensuring Users Can Navigate and Interact

Operability is about giving users the ability to interact with and navigate a website effectively. Websites should cater to diverse input methods, including keyboards, mice, touchscreens, and assistive technologies like screen readers or sip-and-puff devices.

What Does Operable Mean in Practice?
1. Keyboard Accessibility: All interactive elements—such as buttons, forms, and menus—must be usable via a keyboard. For example, users should be able to navigate a website using the Tab key to move between elements and the Enter key to select options.
2. Adjustable Time Limits: Users must be given enough time to complete tasks like filling out forms. If a time limit is necessary, users should have the option to extend it or pause the timer.
3. Avoiding Traps: Design interactive elements like pop-ups or carousels to ensure users don’t become “trapped.” For example, make it easy for keyboard users to close a pop-up.
Common Mistakes That Violate Operable Standards
- Creating drop-down menus or interactive elements that are difficult to navigate with a keyboard.
- Designing forms that reset if not completed within a set time frustrates users who may need extra time.
- Using auto-scrolling content that cannot be paused or stopped.
Understandable: Keeping Content Clear and Predictable

The principle of understandability ensures that users can easily comprehend both the information and the functionality of a website. Content should be presented in a logical, consistent, and intuitive manner.

What Does Understandable Mean in Practice?
1. Plain Language: Avoid jargon and use simple, clear language. For example, instead of saying, “Click here to access the comprehensive compendium of resources,” simply say, “Click here to access the resource guide.”
2. Predictable Interactions: Elements like navigation menus and buttons should behave consistently throughout the site. For example, a menu that expands when clicked should work the same way on every page.
3. Error Feedback and Recovery: Forms and other interactive elements should provide clear feedback when users make errors. For instance, if a user forgets to fill out a required field in a form, the website should provide an error message that explains what’s missing and how to correct it.
Common Mistakes That Violate Understandable Standards
- Using complicated words or phrases without explanations makes it hard for users to comprehend the content.
- Having links or buttons that perform unexpected actions confuses the user.
- Need to highlight input errors clearly or explain how to fix them.
Robust: Ensuring Compatibility with Current and Future Technologies

Robustness focuses on ensuring that websites are compatible with a wide range of technologies, including assistive devices. This principle ensures content remains accessible even as technology evolves.

What Does Robust Mean in Practice?
1. Standards-Compliant Code: Using clean, valid HTML and CSS ensures that web content is compatible with different browsers and assistive technologies. For example, screen readers can more easily interpret properly coded content.
2. Accessible ARIA Attributes: ARIA (Accessible Rich Internet Applications) roles and properties enhance dynamic content and make it usable for assistive technologies. For example, adding aria-live attributes to alerts ensures screen readers announce changes in real time.
3. Cross-Device Testing: Websites should be tested on various devices, operating systems, and browsers to ensure compatibility.
Common Mistakes That Violate Robust Standards
- Using outdated or non-standard HTML code can break some browsers or assistive technologies.
- Labeling form elements properly makes it easier for screen readers to convey relevant information to the user.
Bringing POUR Principles Together

While each POUR principle addresses a specific aspect of accessibility, they work together to create a seamless and inclusive user experience. Let’s look at an example of how all four principles might be applied:

Example: An E-Commerce Website
1. Perceivable: Images of products include descriptive alt text, and videos showcasing features have captions and audio descriptions.
2. Operable: Users can navigate the site with a keyboard and use the Tab key to add items to their cart.
3. Understandable: The checkout process uses plain language and provides clear instructions for completing forms.
4. Robust: The site is tested with assistive technologies like screen readers and works smoothly on mobile devices.
By aligning with all four POUR principles, the website ensures that users of all abilities can browse, shop, and complete their purchases effortlessly.

Putting POUR into Practice

Applying the POUR principles isn’t just about avoiding mistakes; it’s about creating a truly inclusive web experience. Here’s how you can start:
1. Audit Your Site: Conduct an accessibility review to identify areas where your site falls short of POUR.
2. Incorporate accessibility from the Start: Build POUR into your web development and design process rather than trying to retrofit accessibility later.
3. Test with Real Users: Engage users with disabilities to test your site and provide feedback.
By focusing on POUR, you not only improve accessibility but also enhance usability for all visitors, creating a better overall user experience.

POURing Effort into Accessibility

The four principles of WCAG—Perceivable, Operable, Understandable, and Robust—offer a solid foundation for building an accessible web. These principles are not just guidelines; they represent a commitment to inclusivity and respect for all users.

Accessibility isn’t a one-time task—it’s an ongoing effort to create a web that works for everyone. By applying POUR to your digital content, you’re taking meaningful steps toward a more inclusive future. Start today by reviewing your site, learning from accessibility experts, and embracing WCAG principles to make a difference in the lives of your users.

If you’re ready to take the next step toward making your website ADA-compliant and ensuring accessibility for all, schedule an ADA briefing with 216digital. Our team of experts will guide you through the process, answer your questions, and help you create a web experience that’s inclusive, compliant, and user-friendly. Don’t wait—start building a more accessible digital presence today.
Greg McNeil

November 18, 2024

WCAG Compliance

Accessibility, WCAG, WCAG conformance, Website Accessibility
WCAG Conformance Levels: How High Should You Aim?
When you’re building a website, it’s easy to get caught up in the details of design, functionality, and making everything look just right. But what about accessibility? That’s where the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) come in. Think of WCAG as your go-to checklist for making sure your website is open and usable for everyone, including people with disabilities.

Accessibility isn’t just a “nice-to-have” anymore—it’s essential. Whether you’re trying to avoid lawsuits, comply with laws like the ADA, or make your site more welcoming, understanding WCAG conformance levels can help you figure out how high you should aim. Let’s break down the basics, explore the three levels—A, AA, and AAA—and help you find the sweet spot for your website.

What is WCAG?

WCAG stands for Web Content Accessibility Guidelines, but don’t let the formal name intimidate you. These guidelines are basically a roadmap for making websites, apps, and digital content work for everyone—whether someone has a disability or not. Developed by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), WCAG focuses on four key principles: making content perceivable, operable, understandable, and robust (POUR). Think of it as a checklist to ensure your site is usable for as many people as possible.

And it’s not just for developers! WCAG applies to everyone involved in building a website—from designers to writers—because accessibility goes beyond code. Whether it’s adding captions to videos, ensuring color contrast, or simplifying navigation, these small changes can make a huge difference in how people experience your site. At its core, WCAG is about creating a better internet for everyone.

Why Should You Care About WCAG Conformance?

So, why should WCAG be on your radar? For starters, it’s about reaching more people. Accessibility isn’t just for those with disabilities—it benefits everyone. Captions help folks watching a video on mute, high contrast is great for users in bright sunlight, and clear navigation makes life easier for anyone trying to find what they need. In other words, an accessible website is just a better website.

Then there’s the legal side of things. If you’re in the U.S., laws like the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) expect your site to meet certain accessibility standards, and WCAG is the go-to guide for that. Ignoring these guidelines could land you in hot water with lawsuits or fines—and let’s face it, no one wants that kind of stress.

But it’s not just about avoiding trouble. Prioritizing accessibility can actually boost your brand, build trust, and improve your site’s performance overall. Making your website accessible shows your users you care, and that can set you apart in a big way.

Breaking Down the WCAG Conformance Levels

WCAG isn’t a one-size-fits-all situation. It’s divided into three levels—A, AA, and AAA—each with its own set of requirements. Here’s what you need to know about each one:

Level A: Covering the Basics

Level A is like the starter pack for accessibility. It focuses on the most basic barriers that prevent people from accessing your site. For example:
- Adding alternative text (alt text) to images.
- Making sure everything can be used with just a keyboard.
- Avoiding flashing content that could trigger seizures.
If your website meets Level A, you’re covering the bare minimum. But let’s be real—it’s not enough to provide a great experience for most users. Think of Level A as the foundation you build on, not the end goal.

Level AA: The Sweet Spot

Level AA is where things start to get serious. It’s the most widely recommended level and is often what the law requires. With Level AA, you’re tackling more detailed issues like:
- Make sure the text has enough contrast with the background so it’s easy to read.
- Ensuring your navigation is consistent and clear.
- Providing captions for videos so they’re accessible to people with hearing impairments.
For most websites, Level AA hits the perfect balance—it’s achievable, practical, and covers a wide range of accessibility needs. If you’re wondering how high to aim, this is probably your answer.

Level AAA: The Extra Mile

Level AAA is like the platinum package. It’s the highest level of accessibility, but it’s also the hardest to achieve. Some of the requirements include:
- Offering sign language interpretation for video content.
- Make sure your site works well even under very specific conditions, like extreme contrast ratios.
While Level AAA is an amazing goal, it’s not realistic for every website. Even the W3C acknowledges that hitting this level for all content isn’t always possible. Instead, focus on what’s achievable for your site and audience, and aim for AAA features where you can.

How High Should You Aim?

So, where should you set your sights? For most organizations, Level AA is the way to go. It’s the legal standard in many places, including the U.S., and it covers most accessibility needs without overcomplicating things.

However, your target might depend on your audience and industry. For example:
- Government Websites: Usually aim for Level AA or higher since they serve a broad, diverse audience.
- Online Stores: Need to make sure people can easily browse and buy products, so Level AA is essential.
- Educational Platforms: Sometimes, we need to go beyond Level AA to ensure equitable access to learning materials.
If you’re running a small business or personal site, don’t stress about hitting Level AAA. Instead, focus on meeting Level AA and improving over time. Remember, accessibility is a journey, not a one-and-done task.

What Makes Level AAA So Hard?

Achieving Level AAA isn’t just difficult—it often forces you to make compromises that can impact your site’s usability and aesthetics. For example, meeting AAA contrast requirements might mean overhauling your brand’s carefully chosen color scheme. Or you might have to simplify complex content so much that it loses its original value or appeal.

It’s a delicate balancing act. On one hand, you want your site to be as accessible as possible. On the other hand, you need to ensure it remains engaging, functional, and true to your brand. For most organizations, focusing on Level AA strikes the best balance, ensuring broad accessibility without requiring sacrifices that could alienate other users or disrupt the site’s purpose.

That said, Level AAA isn’t all or nothing. While it may not be practical to achieve across the board, incorporating some AAA features—like avoiding overly complicated language or providing additional customization options—can still enhance your site and make it more inclusive. The key is to aim high without losing sight of what works best for your audience and goals.

Keeping Your Website WCAG Compliant

Meeting WCAG standards isn’t a one-time thing. Websites evolve, and so do accessibility needs. Here’s how you can stay on top of it:

Regularly Audit Your Site

Run accessibility audits often to catch issues early. Tools like Google Lighthouse or WAVE are a great start, but don’t stop there—getting feedback from actual users with disabilities can give you insights you won’t find anywhere else.

Train Your Team

Accessibility isn’t just for developers. Designers, content creators, and even marketers should understand the basics of WCAG. The more your team knows, the easier it’ll be to stay compliant.

Make Accessibility Part of Your Process

Don’t wait until the end of a project to think about accessibility. Include it in every step—from planning and design to testing and deployment.

Use Accessibility Tools

Tools like screen readers and color contrast analyzers can help you spot problems before they become major issues. These tools are easy to use and can make a big difference.

Stay Up-to-Date

WCAG updates from time to time to reflect new technology and user needs. Keep an eye on these changes and adjust your strategy as needed.

Achieve WCAG Conformance with 216digital

When it comes to WCAG conformance, aiming for Level AA is usually the smart move. It’s realistic, effective, and ensures you’re meeting the needs of most users. If you can, sprinkle in some Level AAA features to go the extra mile.

Making your website accessible isn’t just about ticking off a checklist—it’s about creating a welcoming space for everyone. With regular updates, audits, and a commitment to accessibility, you’ll not only meet the standards but also build a site people love to use.

If you’re unsure where to begin or want to check your progress, 216digital is here to help. Schedule an ADA briefing with our team to learn how we can help you achieve WCAG conformance, lower your legal risks, and create a better experience for all your users.

Take the first step today—because accessibility isn’t just a requirement, it’s an opportunity to make your website better for everyone.
Greg McNeil

November 15, 2024

WCAG Compliance

Accessibility, WCAG, WCAG conformance, Website Accessibility
Should Designers Hit Pause on Animation?
Animation can bring a website to life, but have you ever considered how it impacts all users? While animations and gifs can make a site feel more dynamic, they can also cause some visitors discomfort—or worse—. Let’s explore why animations can be tricky from an accessibility standpoint and how you can design them to be both engaging and inclusive.

Why Animation Can Be Problematic

Animations aren’t just flashy extras—they can deeply affect how users experience your website, and not always in a good way.
- Motion Sensitivity: Some people have vestibular disorders that make them sensitive to movement on screens. Animations like parallax scrolling or sliding elements can trigger dizziness, vertigo, or nausea.
- Seizures: Flashing lights or strobing effects can be dangerous for users with photosensitive epilepsy. Even subtle flickers can cause issues.
- Cognitive Overload: Busy or overly complex animations can overwhelm users with cognitive impairments, making it hard for them to focus or understand the content.
- Assistive Technology Interference: Screen readers and other tools can struggle with animations that change content dynamically, leading to confusion.
These challenges highlight why designers need to think critically about when and how they use animations.

Does Your Design Really Need Animation?

Not every project calls for animation. Before you add that fancy effect, ask yourself:
- Does it serve a purpose?
- Will it help users navigate or understand the site?
- Could it distract or overwhelm someone?
Animations should always have a clear function, like drawing attention to a call-to-action or giving feedback on an interaction. If the animation doesn’t improve usability, it might be best to skip it.

Making Animations Accessible

If you must use an animation, here are some tips to ensure it doesn’t cause issues for people with cognitive or visual impairments:
1. Keep It Simple: Avoid overly elaborate or decorative effects. Subtle transitions or fades can be just as effective without being overwhelming.
2. Mind the Timing: Speed matters. Too fast, and users might get lost; too slow, and they could grow impatient. Aim for a balance that feels natural.
3. Give Users Control: All animations should have visual and accessible controls to pause and play the animation. Always respect the prefers-reduced-motion media query.
4. Focus on Purpose: Every animation should add value. Whether it’s guiding users or making content clearer, make sure it serves a meaningful purpose.
A Quick Fix with prefers-reduced-motion

One of the easiest ways to address motion sensitivity is by using the prefers-reduced-motion media query. This CSS feature checks if a user has reduced motion enabled on their device and adjusts animations accordingly.

Here’s how you can tone down animations for users who prefer less motion:
```
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {  
  .animated-element {  
    animation: none;  
    transition: none;  
  }  
}  
```
Want to simplify rather than completely disable? Try this:
```
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {  
  .fade-in {  
    animation: fade-in 0.5s linear;  
  }  
}  
@keyframes fade-in {  
  from { opacity: 0; }  
  to { opacity: 1; }  
}  
```
This approach keeps your design functional while reducing the risk of discomfort for sensitive users.

What Does WCAG Say About Animation?

The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) offer clear rules about animations. Two of the most relevant criteria are:
- 2.3.1: Three Flashes or Below Threshold
- Avoid animations that flash more than three times per second. It’s a crucial step in reducing the risk of seizures.
- 2.3.3: Animation from Interactions
- If animations are triggered by user actions, make sure they can be disabled without affecting functionality.
Following these guidelines helps ensure your site is usable for everyone.

Testing Your Animations

Testing is an essential part of designing accessible animations. Here’s how to do it effectively:
- Check Motion Settings: Turn on the “reduce motion” setting on your device (available on macOS, Windows, iOS, and Android) and see how your site responds.
- Try Keyboard Navigation: Ensure animations don’t interfere with keyboard functionality. Can users still tab through links and buttons smoothly?
- Use Automated Tools: Tools like Lighthouse can catch accessibility issues related to animations.
- Gather Feedback: Get input from real users, especially those with disabilities. They’ll provide insights you might not have considered.
Accessible Animation with JavaScript

Sometimes, you’ll need JavaScript to handle animations. You can still make them accessible by pairing JavaScript with prefers-reduced-motion.

Here’s a quick example:
```
const reduceMotion = window.matchMedia('(prefers-reduced-motion: reduce)');  
if (reduceMotion.matches) {  
  // Turn off animations for users who prefer reduced motion  
  document.querySelector('.animated-element').style.animation = 'none';  
} else {  
  // Keep animations for everyone else  
  document.querySelector('.animated-element').classList.add('run-animation');  
}   
```
This snippet ensures your animations adapt to user preferences without requiring manual toggles.

Wrapping It Up

Animations can be a powerful tool for creating engaging, interactive websites—but they should never come at the expense of accessibility. By keeping animations simple, purposeful, and user-controlled, you can deliver a better experience for all your visitors.

Don’t forget to test your designs with real users and tools, and make use of features like prefers-reduced-motion to accommodate different needs. Thoughtful design is inclusive design, and accessible animations are a small change that can make a big difference. If you’re unsure if the animations on your website are accessible or would like an expert partner to help you get started, reach out to 216digital using the contact form below.
Bobby

November 14, 2024

How-to Guides

Accessibility, animation, How-to, web developers, web development, Website Accessibility
Understanding Focus Outlines for Web Accessibility
Have you ever tried navigating a website without a mouse, relying only on your keyboard? It might seem unusual, but for many people with motor disabilities or visual impairments, this is their everyday reality. Focus outlines—the visual markers that highlight where you are on a page—are essential tools that make this possible.

Unfortunately, these outlines often get overlooked or even removed during web design, leaving a significant number of users struggling to navigate sites effectively. Let’s break down what focus outlines are, why they matter, and how you can implement them to make your website more inclusive.

What Is a Focus Outline?

A focus outline is a visual indicator, often a highlighted border or underline, that appears around a web element when it gains keyboard focus. This outline helps users understand which interactive element they are currently on, whether it’s a link, button, form field, or other focusable component. For example, when a user tabs through a webpage, the focus outline moves from one element to the next, providing a visual cue about their current location on the page.

This feedback is essential for users who cannot use a mouse and instead navigate by pressing the “Tab” key to move forward and “Shift + Tab” to move backward. For those relying on screen readers, focus outlines further aid in understanding the structure of a page, confirming the position on the screen, and reducing the cognitive load required to navigate the web effectively.

Why Focus Outlines Matter for Accessibility

Focus outlines aren’t just nice to have—they’re a must-have for accessibility. According to the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG), specifically criterion 2.4.7: Focus Visible, mandate that any keyboard-operable interface must have a visible focus indicator. This ensures that users relying on keyboard navigation always know where they are on the page.

Who Benefits from Focus Outlines?

For users with motor disabilities, such as those who have difficulty controlling fine motor movements or are unable to use a mouse, keyboard navigation is a primary means of interacting with digital content. The focus outline serves as a reliable marker of where they are on the page, making navigation smooth and efficient. People with low vision or visual impairments who use high-contrast settings also rely on focus outlines for an additional layer of navigation support, enabling them to visually follow along.

Legal and Ethical Responsibilities

Beyond enhancing the user experience, implementing visible focus outlines is a legal and ethical responsibility for organizations. Without them, websites may fail to meet accessibility standards, putting them at risk of non-compliance with the WCAG guidelines. For organizations, following WCAG isn’t just about adhering to regulations; it’s about creating an inclusive experience that all users can navigate.

How to Create Accessible Focus Outlines

Making focus outlines accessible and noticeable is all about ensuring they stand out. Here are some tips:
- Use Sufficient Color Contrast: Choose colors that contrast well with both the element and the background.
- Choose a Noticeable Style: Solid, dotted, or dashed lines can all work, as long as they’re easily visible.
- Adjust Thickness: A thicker outline can be more eye-catching and easier to see.
How to Style Focus States Using CSS

Outlines can be solid, dotted, or dashed lines, as long as they are visible. Adjusting the thickness can also make the outline more noticeable.

Example: Basic Focus Outline with CSS
```
button:focus,
a:focus {
  outline: 3px solid #007acc;
}
```
In this example, we’ve applied a 3-pixel solid blue outline to buttons and links when they’re focused. Before finalizing colors, use tools like the WebAIM Contrast Checker to ensure they meet the recommended contrast ratio of at least 3:1 for user interface components.

Add Background Effects

For a more custom look, consider adding a background color or shadow effect:
```
button:focus {
  outline: none;
  box-shadow: 0 0 5px 2px rgba(0, 122, 204, 0.8);
}
```
This replaces the default outline with a subtle glow, making the focused element stand out without clashing with your design. Just remember to test these styles to ensure they’re visible to everyone, including users with visual impairments.

Avoiding Common Mistakes with Focus Outlines

One of the most common pitfalls in web design is removing focus outlines entirely. Designers sometimes find default focus outlines unattractive and may remove them without providing a suitable replacement. While this might make the site look cleaner, it creates significant accessibility barriers for users relying on keyboard navigation. WCAG guideline 2.4.7 requires focus indicators for compliance, so removing focus outlines can result in a failure to meet accessibility standards.

If you’re tempted to hide the default outline, remember that it’s better to customize it than to remove it. Replacing the outline with a custom design can enhance the aesthetics of your website without sacrificing accessibility. Just ensure that your custom design maintains a strong visual presence and sufficient color contrast.

Another common mistake is creating focus outlines that blend too closely with the background. This can happen when designers use colors that don’t contrast well with surrounding elements or backgrounds. Remember, users with low vision may struggle to differentiate between similar shades, so it’s essential to test the visibility of focus outlines across various screens and devices.

Testing Focus Visibility

Testing is a crucial step to ensure your focus outlines are effective:
1. Navigate Your Site Using Only the Keyboard: Press the “Tab” key to move through interactive elements and observe the focus outline.
2. Check Every Interactive Element: Ensure that links, buttons, form fields, and other focusable components have a visible focus state.
3. Assess Visibility and Consistency: The focus outline should be easily noticeable and consistent across your site.
4. Accessibility Tools: Tools like Google Lighthouse or WAVE can check WCAG compliance, including focus outlines.
Make Focus Outlines a Priority

Focus outlines aren’t just a design detail—they’re a vital part of creating an inclusive web experience. By ensuring your site has clear and consistent focus indicators, you can make your website more accessible for everyone. So, take action today to ensure your website is accessible. Your customers—and your bottom line—will thank you!

For personalized guidance on making your website ADA compliant, reach out to 216digital for an ADA briefing. Our experts are here to help you navigate the complexities of web accessibility and secure your business against potential legal risks.
Kayla Laganiere

November 13, 2024

How-to Guides

Accessibility, focus outlines, How-to, web developers, web development, Website Accessibility
Accessibility Checklist: Your Guide to Compliance
Creating an accessible website goes beyond just checking a few boxes—it’s about enabling everyone, including people with disabilities, to engage with your content smoothly. A well-structured accessibility checklist can help you address common barriers, test thoroughly, prioritize fixes, and ensure ongoing compliance with accessibility standards.

Here’s a comprehensive web accessibility checklist to guide you through essential steps:

Understand and Set Your Accessibility Goals

Define accessibility goals based on WCAG (Web Content Accessibility Guidelines) standards.

Before diving into specific changes, remember that your accessibility improvements should align with recognized standards, particularly WCAG 2.1 A/AA levels. Setting these goals from the start ensures your site meets both legal requirements (like ADA compliance in the U.S.) and the diverse needs of your users. Following an accessibility checklist can help ensure each goal is met.

Audit Your Website for Accessibility Gaps

Conduct an initial audit to identify accessibility issues.

An audit gives a clear view of your website’s current accessibility status, spotlighting areas that need attention. Use tools like automated scanners, manual audits, and assistive technologies (AT) such as screen readers to uncover common barriers. An accessibility checklist is helpful here to document each area tested, including:
- Keyboard Navigation: Verify that users can navigate your site without a mouse, using keyboard commands only.
- Color Contrast: Use a contrast checker to ensure text is readable for people with low vision.
- Alt Text for Images: Check that all images have descriptive alt attributes, making content accessible for visually impaired users.
Ensure Keyboard Navigation is Intuitive

Ensure users can navigate your site fully with a keyboard.

Keyboard navigation is essential for users who don’t use a mouse. This includes making sure all interactive elements like buttons, forms, and links are accessible with the “Tab” and “Enter” keys.
- Focus States: Make sure focus states (visual indicators for keyboard users) are visible and defined.
- Logical Order: Verify that the tab order follows a logical sequence, mirroring the visual layout.
To learn more about keyboard navigation, check out our article, “What is Keyboard Navigation?”

Implement Proper Use of Alt Text for Images

Add descriptive alt text to all informative images.

Alt text serves as an alternative to images, allowing screen readers to describe visuals to visually impaired users.
- Functional vs. Decorative: Use alt text for images conveying essential information. Use alt=”” for decorative images to prevent screen readers from reading unnecessary details.
- Descriptive Text: Avoid vague descriptions like “image” and offer concise, informative details to convey the image’s purpose.
For additional information about alt text, read our article “Understanding Image Alt Text Descriptions.”

Ensure Sufficient Color Contrast

Check and adjust color contrast to meet accessibility standards.

Adequate contrast between text and background ensures readability, especially for users with visual impairments. WCAG recommends a minimum contrast ratio of 4.5:1 for regular text and 3:1 for larger text.
- Tools: Use WebAIM’s Contrast Checker to verify compliance.
- Avoid Color-Only Cues: Avoid relying solely on color to convey important information, as colorblind users might miss these cues. Pair colors with other indicators, like icons or text labels.
Use Semantic HTML Structure

Build a well-structured HTML hierarchy for better accessibility.

A clear HTML structure is essential for screen readers and other assistive devices. Proper tags help convey the structure and purpose of your content.
- Headings: Use heading tags (<h1>, <h2>, etc.) in a logical order, guiding users through content.
- Landmarks: Include ARIA landmarks like role= “navigation” and role= “main” for easier page navigation.
- Lists and Tables: Use HTML lists for lists and tables for data, not layout purposes.
Check out our articles, “How Semantic HTML Improves Your Accessibility & SEO?” or “How to Implement ARIA Landmarks and Roles for Better Accessibility” for a deeper dive into semantic HTML and ARIA landmarks.

Test with Assistive Technologies

Test your website with various assistive technologies.

Testing with AT tools like screen readers, voice recognition, and magnification provides insights into your site’s accessibility. Common screen readers include JAWS, NVDA, and VoiceOver.
- Screen Reader Testing: Check that all text, buttons, and links are accessible with screen readers.
- Voice Navigation: Confirm that users can navigate all interactive elements using voice commands.
- Magnification Tools: Ensure that the design remains usable when zoomed to 200%.
Incorporate Accessible Forms

Design forms with clear labels and error messages.

Accessible forms enable users to enter information accurately and with ease.
- Labels and Instructions: Each form field should have a visible label. Use placeholder text sparingly.
- Error Handling: Provide clear error messages when input is invalid. Describe what went wrong and how to fix it.
- Field Focus: Ensure that after submission, the keyboard focus moves to the first field needing correction.
Conduct Remediation Based on Prioritized Issues

Address identified accessibility issues based on their impact.

After auditing, prioritize fixes by severity and frequency. Address critical issues first, especially those that affect navigation and content comprehension.

Implement Continuous Monitoring with Tools Like a11y.Radar

Set up ongoing accessibility monitoring to maintain compliance.

Web accessibility is a continuous effort. New content or design changes can create new barriers, so ongoing monitoring tools like a11y.Radar can be part of your accessibility checklist, alerting you to real-time issues.
- Real-Time Alerts: Get notifications for new issues, allowing for prompt fixes.
- Automated Reports: Schedule regular accessibility reports to stay aware of your compliance status.
Conduct Routine Manual and Automated Testing

Schedule consistent accessibility testing intervals.

Automated tools are helpful for common issues, but manual testing finds more complex accessibility gaps. A mix of both ensures a thorough evaluation.
- Automated Testing: Use tools like Google Lighthouse or WAVE for quick assessments.
- Manual Testing: Focus on custom components that automated tools may not fully catch.
Keep Up-to-Date with WCAG Guidelines

Stay current on WCAG updates and best practices.

Accessibility standards evolve to meet new needs. KRegularly updating your accessibility checklist ensures compliance with the latest WCAG guidelines, like WCAG 2.2 or 3.0.
- Review WCAG Changes: Familiarize yourself with new criteria.
- Align with a11y.Radar: Ensure your monitoring tools adapt to updates, maintaining continuous compliance.
Take the First Step Towards Accessibility

Creating an accessible website is essential not only for compliance but for providing a truly inclusive experience for all users. By following a structured approach to accessibility—setting goals, auditing your site, prioritizing fixes, and maintaining continuous monitoring—you’re laying a solid foundation for an accessible, user-friendly site.

If you’re ready to make accessibility a priority but need guidance on how to navigate ADA compliance, consider scheduling an ADA briefing with 216digital. Our team can help you navigate accessibility standards, pinpoint key areas for improvement, and develop a checklist tailored to your site’s needs. Take the first step toward making your website accessible to all—schedule your ADA briefing with 216digital today and ensure your digital presence is compliant, inclusive, and welcoming.
Greg McNeil

November 12, 2024

How-to Guides

Accessibility, accessible checklist, How-to, Website Accessibility
What Retailers Can Expect if They Aren’t Accessible
In today’s digital marketplace, overlooking the accessibility of your website isn’t just a technical oversight—it’s a legal and financial pitfall that could jeopardize your entire business. As consumers increasingly flock to online shopping, retailers have a critical responsibility to ensure their websites are accessible to everyone, including people with disabilities. Failing to meet ADA compliance requirements isn’t just non-compliance; it’s an open invitation to lawsuits, hefty fines, and damaging publicity. The clock is ticking, and the stakes have never been higher. Is your business prepared to face the consequences of an inaccessible website?

Understanding ADA Compliance and Accessibility Laws

The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) was passed in 1990 to ensure that individuals with disabilities have equal access to public spaces. While the law was initially focused on physical spaces, such as stores and offices, the scope has expanded with the rise of the Internet. Today, many courts interpret the ADA as applying to websites, meaning retailers’ websites must be accessible to people with disabilities, including those who are blind, deaf, or have other impairments.

ADA Guidelines for Web Accessibility

Under ADA guidelines, businesses must make reasonable accommodations for disabled individuals by ensuring that their websites are usable by people who rely on screen readers, text-to-speech software, and other assistive technologies. If your website doesn’t meet these requirements, you might find yourself at risk for a lawsuit.

What Are the Legal Risks for Retailers?

If your website isn’t accessible, your business could be exposed to legal action. Retailers face the possibility of demand letters from law firms representing plaintiffs with disabilities. These letters often demand that companies make changes to their websites and may include a settlement request to avoid a lawsuit. A formal lawsuit could follow if these demands are ignored or if the retailer refuses to comply with ADA compliance.

Common Accessibility Issues in Lawsuits
- Images without Alt Text: Alt text describes the content of an image for screen readers. Missing alt text excludes visually impaired users from critical information.
- Unlabelled Form Fields: Forms need clear labels and instructions for accessibility. Missing labels can lead to frustration and abandoned purchases.
- Unclear or Missing Headings: Headings help organize content, making it easier for visually impaired users to navigate.
- Non-Keyboard Accessible Navigation: Some users rely on keyboard shortcuts instead of a mouse. Websites not designed for keyboard navigation can exclude these users.
The Cost of Non-Compliance

So, what happens when a retailer faces a lawsuit or demand letter for not meeting ADA compliance?

Legal Costs

Defending against a lawsuit can be expensive, even if you ultimately win. The average cost of defending a web accessibility lawsuit can run tens of thousands of dollars. This does not include legal fees for settlements or necessary website updates.

Settlements

Many retailers choose to settle lawsuits rather than risk the expense and uncertainty of court. Settlement amounts can vary but often reach six figures. Additionally, companies must typically commit to updating their website for compliance, further adding to costs.

Fines

While the ADA itself doesn’t specify fines, related laws, like the Rehabilitation Act, require federal agencies to ensure accessibility. Violations can lead to significant fines, especially for businesses that accept federal funds or contracts.

Damage to Brand Reputation

Beyond legal costs, lawsuits over website accessibility can damage a brand’s reputation. A public lawsuit can erode consumer trust, lead to negative media coverage, and even cause loyal customers to lose faith in the inclusivity of your business.

Loss of Customers and Sales

The financial impact doesn’t stop with legal costs. Inaccessible websites exclude millions of potential customers, especially those with visual impairments. Poor user experiences can lead to lost sales and customer frustration.

Big Brands, Bigger Penalties

Web accessibility is no longer a theoretical risk—it’s a pressing reality affecting retailers across industries. In recent years, well-known brands have faced significant legal challenges for not meeting ADA compliance standards, underscoring the tangible consequences of non-compliance. Notable cases include:

Target Corporation Settlement

In a landmark 2006 case, the National Federation of the Blind (NFB) sued Target Corporation, arguing that its website’s inaccessibility violated the ADA, barring blind users from equal access to online services. This case culminated in a $6 million settlement in 2008, with Target committing to WCAG 2.0 standards. The settlement set a powerful precedent, establishing that websites are indeed extensions of physical stores and must comply with ADA standards.

Beyoncé’s Parkwood Entertainment

In 2019, a lawsuit against Parkwood Entertainment—the company managing Beyoncé’s official website—brought celebrity and entertainment sites into the accessibility spotlight. The case highlighted key issues, like missing alt text and inaccessible navigation, underlining that ADA compliance requirements extend to all online sectors.

Dick’s Sporting Goods

In 2021, Dick’s Sporting Goods faced a lawsuit over a lack of accessible design elements, from missing alt text to insufficient screen reader support. This case reaffirmed that even leading retailers are vulnerable if they overlook essential accessibility features.

A Surge in Accessibility Lawsuits and the E-Commerce Sector

The growing number of lawsuits drives home the urgency for retailers to proactively address web accessibility. According to Useablenet in 2023 alone, more than 4,600 ADA-related website accessibility cases were filed, with 82% targeting the retail sector. As consumers increasingly rely on online shopping, accessibility becomes essential for retailers to stay competitive and inclusive.

Why E-Commerce Faces Elevated Legal Risks

Retailers with online sales channels, particularly in e-commerce, face intensified scrutiny as customers with disabilities encounter persistent barriers to shopping online. According to the U.S. Center of Disease Control, 7.6 million Americans with visual impairments struggle with inaccessible websites, translating to missed revenue opportunities. By not prioritizing accessibility, e-commerce retailers risk losing out on an estimated $7 trillion in annual spending from the global disability market.

The message is clear: the cost of non-compliance is high, and accessibility lawsuits are on the rise. For retailers, these cases underscore the importance of making accessibility a strategic priority to safeguard brand reputation and revenue alike.

How to Avoid the Legal Pitfalls

If you’re a retailer, the best way to avoid legal issues is to proactively make your website accessible. Here’s how to get started:

Conduct an Accessibility Audit

Use accessibility tools or hire an expert to evaluate your website. Many free and paid tools are available to help identify common accessibility issues.

Follow WCAG Guidelines

The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) set the standard for web accessibility, covering elements like text readability, video captioning, and more.

Train Your Team

Ensure that your website’s content managers are trained in accessibility best practices, helping you avoid common errors and keep your site compliant with updates.

Stay Informed

Accessibility laws and best practices are evolving, so it’s essential to stay updated on the latest requirements and trends.

Secure Your Website’s Future

ADA compliance isn’t just a legal obligation—it’s an opportunity to make your website more inclusive and accessible to a wider audience. Retailers who fail to make their websites accessible face serious legal risks, including lawsuits, legal fees, and damage to their brand’s reputation. On the flip side, ensuring your website is accessible to all users can boost customer trust, loyalty, and, ultimately, sales. By taking the necessary steps to make your website compliant with ADA standards, you protect your business and demonstrate your commitment to inclusivity.

So, take action today to ensure your website is accessible. Your customers—and your bottom line—will thank you!

For personalized guidance on making your website ADA compliant, reach out to 216digital for an ADA briefing. Our experts are here to help you navigate the complexities of web accessibility and secure your business against potential legal risks.
Greg McNeil

November 11, 2024

Legal Compliance

Accessibility, ADA Compliance, ecommerce website, Retail, Web Accessibility
Why Touch Targets Impacts Accessibility
Imagine this: a customer visits your website, excited to snag a deal on their holiday shopping list. They’re scrolling through your page on their phone, ready to click “add to cart,”—but then they hit a roadblock. The buttons are too small, links are crowded together, and navigating your site becomes a frustrating game of “tap and hope.” Now imagine if that customer has limited dexterity or relies on assistive technology. For them, those tiny buttons and cramped links aren’t just an inconvenience; they’re a barrier.

Accessibility issues like these don’t just affect your users’ experience—they impact your bottom line and even your legal compliance. Making sure your site’s touch targets are easy to interact with is one of the simplest yet most impactful changes you can make. In this guide, we’ll cover why large, accessible touch targets matter, how they boost usability for everyone, and what steps you can take to ensure your site is welcoming to all.

What Are Touch Targets and Why Are They Important?

Touch targets are interactive elements—such as buttons, links, and form controls—that users engage with as they navigate your website. The size and spacing of these elements can make or break the experience, especially for users on mobile devices or those with physical limitations. If touch targets are too small or closely spaced, users may struggle to click or tap accurately, leading to frustration and a poor experience. This can be particularly challenging for older adults and individuals with limited dexterity.

Making touch targets sufficiently large and spaced out allows everyone to navigate and interact with your site more easily, enhancing both usability and inclusivity. This is a foundational aspect of web accessibility that ensures your website works well for all.

WCAG Guidelines: Key Standards for Touch Target Size

To provide clear guidance on accessible touch target sizes, the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) have established several success criteria. WCAG 2.1 and the updated WCAG 2.2 outline standards to help developers make online content accessible, mainly through adequately sized touch targets.

Success Criterion 2.5.5 (Target Size)

In WCAG 2.1, Criterion 2.5.5 specifies that interactive elements should meet a minimum touch target size of 44×44 pixels, making it easier for users with limited motor skills or assistive technology to select the right element.

Success Criterion 2.5.8 (Target Size – Enhanced)

WCAG 2.2 expands on this with Criterion 2.5.8, recommending even larger touch targets when interactive elements are positioned close together. This helps users avoid accidentally tapping the wrong element, especially on mobile devices or when using screen readers.

These guidelines establish a foundation for accessible design, giving developers clear targets to create user-friendly, inclusive sites that reduce errors and improve the overall user experience.

Best Practices for Designing Accessible Touch Targets

With WCAG standards in mind, you can take steps to create touch targets that enhance usability. Here are some essential practices for implementing accessible interactive elements:

Use Adequate Padding and Margin

Padding and margins around buttons and links help ensure they meet minimum size requirements while maintaining a clean visual layout. For example:
```
button {
  padding: 12px 20px; /* Increases padding for larger touch target */
  font-size: 16px;
}
```
Ensure Minimum Width and Height

Using min-width and min-height properties guarantees that buttons and other elements stay at least 44×44 pixels, even when the element content is smaller. This maintains accessibility across different screen sizes.
```
button {
  min-width: 44px;
  min-height: 44px;
}
```
Space Out Interactive Elements

Placing enough space between buttons and links prevents mis-taps and ensures usability for all users, especially those on mobile devices or using assistive technologies.
```
button, a {
  margin: 10px;
}
```
Add ARIA Attributes for Enhanced Accessibility

ARIA attributes (Accessible Rich Internet Applications) add context to interactive elements for users relying on assistive devices. For instance, using aria-expanded or aria-haspopup on a menu button helps screen reader users understand its function.
```
<button aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true">Menu</button>
```
Responsive Design: Ensure Touch Target Size Across Devices

Since many users rely on mobile devices for browsing, it’s essential to make touch targets easily accessible on smaller screens. Using responsive CSS ensures that touch targets adapt to various screen sizes:
```
@media (max-width: 600px) {
  button {
    padding: 15px 25px; /* Larger padding on smaller screens */
  }
}
```
Testing Touch Target Accessibility

Once you’ve optimized your touch targets, testing is essential to ensure they’re functional and accessible. Here are a few testing strategies to confirm usability:
- Manual Testing: Test your site on various devices (desktop, tablet, mobile) to ensure touch targets are easy to access and use.
- Accessibility Tools: Tools like Google Lighthouse or WAVE can check WCAG compliance, including touch target sizes.
- User Testing: Feedback from real users, particularly those with disabilities, is invaluable for assessing how accessible and user-friendly your touch targets are.
Wrapping Up

Improving touch target accessibility is just one of many steps toward making your website genuinely inclusive and user-friendly. By focusing on accessible design, you not only enhance the experience for users with mobility challenges and those using assistive technologies but also build a site that’s welcoming and intuitive for everyone. Following WCAG guidelines, using best coding practices, and regular testing are essential—but navigating these standards alone can be overwhelming.

If you’re ready to take accessibility seriously and want to ensure your site is fully ADA-compliant, consider scheduling an ADA briefing with 216digital. Our team of accessibility experts can help you identify potential compliance issues, create actionable solutions, and guide you through the process of building a more accessible and inclusive website. Reach out today to learn how we can help safeguard your site and open new opportunities with ADA compliance.
Greg McNeil

November 8, 2024

How-to Guides

Accessibility, How-to, touch targets, web developers, web development, Website Accessibility
Web Accessibility for Senior Citizens: A Business Case

Have you ever stopped to think about how accessible your website is for senior citizens? You might imagine accessibility only in terms of helping people with visual or hearing impairments, but what about the growing number of seniors who are online every day? Seniors often face unique challenges when navigating websites—things like vision loss, reduced motor skills, and even cognitive decline. As their online presence continues to increase, it’s crucial to ask: Do you have an accessible site? The answer might surprise you.

Making your website senior-friendly isn’t just the right thing to do—it’s a smart business move that can bring both legal and financial rewards. Let’s explore why investing in web accessibility for seniors is a move you can’t afford to overlook.

What Is Web Accessibility?

Web accessibility refers to the practice of designing websites and digital content so that they can be easily accessed and used by all people, including those with disabilities. It’s not just about compliance with regulations or making sure that people with visual or hearing impairments can use your site. Accessibility also benefits people with other challenges, such as limited mobility or cognitive impairments.

Why Does It Matter for Senior Citizens?

Senior citizens—particularly those over 65—are a growing segment of internet users. In fact, according to a study by the Pew Research Center, 73% of people aged 65 and older are now online, and 61% of them use the internet every day. However, many older adults face unique challenges when using websites, such as vision loss, hearing impairments, reduced fine motor skills, and cognitive decline. This is where web accessibility plays a crucial role.

By ensuring your website is accessible to seniors, you’re not just creating a better user experience for them—you’re opening your business up to a larger market with significant spending power.

The Legal Landscape: ADA and Accessibility

In the United States, businesses are legally required to ensure that their websites are accessible to people with disabilities. The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), passed in 1990, mandates that public accommodations—such as businesses, government entities, and nonprofit organizations—provide equal access to their services for people with disabilities. While the law doesn’t explicitly mention websites, courts have increasingly interpreted it to apply to digital spaces.

Legal Risks of Non-Compliance

This means that if your website is not accessible to people with disabilities—including older adults—you could be at risk for legal action. Many businesses have been sued over accessibility violations, with settlements reaching millions of dollars. Even if you’re a small business owner or running a personal blog, failing to provide an accessible experience could open you up to potential lawsuits, fines, or reputational damage.

For example, large companies like Target and Domino’s Pizza have faced high-profile lawsuits for not having accessible sites. These cases highlight the importance of taking accessibility seriously, not just as a moral or ethical issue but as a business risk.

Financial Benefits: Reaching a Larger, Wealthy Audience

One of the most compelling reasons to focus on web accessibility for seniors is the financial advantage. Seniors, particularly those in the 65+ age range, wield significant purchasing power. According to the AARP, people over 50 account for more than $8 trillion in economic activity in the U.S. every year. That’s a massive market—one that’s only going to grow as the senior population continues to expand.

How Accessibility Boosts Your Bottom Line

However, many businesses fail to recognize the importance of this demographic when designing their websites. If your website isn’t accessible, you’re essentially alienating an entire group of people who might have the money and the intent to buy from you. In contrast, an accessible site can tap into this valuable market by ensuring that seniors have a seamless, positive experience when browsing and making purchases online.

Here are some key ways web accessibility can boost your bottom line:

Improved Conversion Rates on Accessible Sites

When seniors can easily navigate your site, understand your content, and complete purchases without frustration, you’ll see higher conversion rates. Research shows that accessibility improvements can lead to better engagement, longer time spent on the site, and more frequent purchases. Whether you run an e-commerce store or offer a service, providing an accessible site can lead to more successful transactions.

Expanding Your Reach

Web accessibility isn’t just about meeting the needs of those with disabilities—it’s also about creating a better experience for everyone. Simple improvements, like larger fonts, clearer color contrast, or the ability to adjust text size, benefit not just seniors but a wide range of users. As your website becomes more accessible to navigate for seniors, you’re also making it more user-friendly for all visitors, which can attract more people and boost your website traffic.

Reducing Bounce Rates

A website that’s hard to use leads to frustrated visitors, and frustrated visitors often leave. If seniors (or anyone else) find your site difficult to navigate or read, they’re likely to abandon it in favor of a competitor’s site. Ensuring your site is accessible makes it more likely that users will stay longer, browse more pages, and return again.

Brand Loyalty and Word-of-Mouth

By demonstrating your commitment to accessibility, you’re sending a powerful message to your customers that you care about inclusivity. This can lead to stronger brand loyalty and positive word-of-mouth referrals. Seniors, like all customers, appreciate brands that make an effort to meet their needs, and they are more likely to become repeat customers. This loyalty can help your business grow over time.

Social Benefits: Building an Inclusive Brand

In today’s competitive market, inclusivity is more than just a buzzword—it’s an expectation. Consumers increasingly expect companies to be socially responsible, and that includes providing accessible sites for people with disabilities. When your website is accessible to seniors, you’re showing that your brand is forward-thinking, compassionate, and dedicated to serving everyone.

This kind of brand identity can strengthen your reputation and create emotional connections with your customers. A business that values diversity and inclusivity is more likely to resonate with socially conscious consumers, not just seniors.

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)

Investing in web accessibility shows that your company is taking steps to fulfill its corporate social responsibility. By ensuring that all people, regardless of age or ability, can engage with your business, you’re positioning yourself as a leader in social responsibility. Consumers are increasingly making decisions based on their values, and a company that prioritizes accessibility can stand out in a crowded marketplace.

Fostering a Positive Reputation

The world is becoming more focused on accessibility, and businesses that lead the charge will be seen as industry pioneers. If you prioritize accessibility, you’re likely to gain recognition and respect for your commitment to inclusivity, both from customers and from the broader business community.

Stay Ahead of the Curve with an Accessible Site

As the senior population continues to grow, the demand for accessible sites will only increase. By taking proactive steps now to make your website accessible, you’re positioning your business to meet future needs. Businesses that adapt early will have a competitive edge over those that wait until accessibility is a legal requirement or until they lose customers because of accessibility issues.

Furthermore, accessibility features that are beneficial for seniors—such as voice recognition, screen readers, or simple navigation—are often beneficial to younger audiences as well. This means that your investment in accessibility has the potential to benefit a wide range of users, not just seniors.

A Forward-Thinking Investment

Web accessibility for senior citizens is not just about compliance; it’s a strategic business move that can expand your market reach, boost conversion rates, and strengthen your brand’s inclusivity. With the financial, social, and legal benefits clear—and a growing senior population—now is the perfect time to make your website accessible to all.

Ready to take the next step? Schedule an ADA briefing with 216digital today. Our team of experts will guide you through the process of enhancing your website’s accessibility, ensuring you meet legal requirements while providing an exceptional user experience for all visitors. Don’t miss this opportunity to future-proof your business and tap into a wider audience.

Greg McNeil

November 7, 2024

The Benefits of Web Accessibility

ADA Compliance, Benefits of Web Accessibility, business case for web accessibility, Web Accessibility
How to Build Accessible React Applications
Building an accessible React application means designing a site that everyone, including people with disabilities, can use and enjoy. Accessibility in web apps isn’t just a legal or ethical responsibility—it’s also a best practice that improves user experience for everyone. React, with its dynamic and component-based nature, offers much flexibility, but without careful planning, accessibility can fall through the cracks. This guide will walk you through critical practices to build a more accessible React app, covering essential tools, effective HTML and ARIA usage, keyboard accessibility, and screen reader management.

Why Accessibility in React Matters

An accessible React app does not create obstacles for people who rely on assistive technology like screen readers, keyboards, or other devices. According to Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG), making web content accessible means people of all abilities can navigate, understand, and interact with your content. With tools and techniques tailored for React, you can ensure that users with disabilities get the best experience possible.

Setting Up an Accessibility-Friendly Development Environment

Setting up your React environment to catch accessibility issues early is a powerful way to build accessible applications. A highly recommended tool for React is eslint-plugin-jsx-a11y, which catches JSX-specific accessibility issues directly in your code editor.

Installing eslint-plugin-jsx-a11y

Install the plugin:
```
npm install eslint-plugin-jsx-a11y --save-dev
```
Configure ESLint: Add the plugin to your ESLint configuration file.
```
{
  "plugins": ["jsx-a11y"],
  "extends": [
    "eslint:recommended",
    "plugin:jsx-a11y/recommended"
  ]
}
```
This plugin identifies accessibility issues in JSX, such as missing ARIA roles, empty <alt> attributes on images, and improper keyboard handling.

The Power of Semantic HTML in React

When it comes to accessibility, semantic HTML is your best friend. Semantic elements like <button>, <header>, and <nav> are designed to convey meaning and functionality to both browsers and screen readers. This minimizes the need for ARIA roles and additional attributes, as semantic HTML elements come with built-in keyboard accessibility and screen reader support.

Examples of Semantic HTML in React

Using semantic elements directly in React makes components accessible by default. For example:
```
import React from 'react';
function AppHeader() {
  return (
    <header>
      <h1>Welcome to My Store</h1>
      <nav>
        <a href="#home">Home</a>
        <a href="#products">Products</a>
        <a href="#contact">Contact</a>
      </nav>
    </header>
  );
}
export default AppHeader;
```
Avoid Using <div> and <span> for Interactive Elements

Avoid using generic elements like <div> and <span> to create buttons or links, as these don’t include native keyboard or accessibility functionality. Instead, use <button> and <a> elements to ensure proper accessibility and functionality. For example:
```
function IconButton() {
  return <button aria-label="Open settings" onClick={() => alert('Settings')}>⚙️</button>;
}
```
Enhancing Accessibility with ARIA Roles (But Use Them Wisely)

ARIA (Accessible Rich Internet Applications) can make custom elements accessible when there’s no HTML equivalent. However, it’s essential to use ARIA roles to enhance existing semantic elements rather than replace them.

Using aria-label for Accessibility

Sometimes, buttons or icons need additional context for screen readers. The aria-label attribute provides descriptive text to communicate functionality.
```
function IconButton() {
  return <button aria-label="Open settings" onClick={() => alert('Settings')}>⚙️</button>;
}
```
Dynamic Updates with aria-live

React apps often have dynamic content. Use aria-live regions to notify screen readers about important changes.
```
function AlertMessage({ message }) {
  return (
    <div aria-live="assertive">
      {message}
    </div>
  );
}
```
Keyboard Accessibility and Focus Management

Keyboard accessibility ensures users can navigate your app without a mouse, which is crucial for many assistive technology users. In React, managing keyboard focus is straightforward with hooks like useRef and useEffect.

Setting Focus with useRef and useEffect

You can use useRef to target an element and useEffect to set focus when a component mounts. This is useful for elements like modals, which should receive focus when they appear.
```
import React, { useRef, useEffect } from 'react';
function Modal({ isOpen, onClose }) {
  const closeButtonRef = useRef(null);
  useEffect(() => {
    if (isOpen) {
      closeButtonRef.current.focus();
    }
  }, [isOpen]);
  return (
    isOpen && (
      <div role="dialog" aria-modal="true">
        <p>Modal content here</p>
        <button ref={closeButtonRef} onClick={onClose}>Close</button>
      </div>
    )
  );
}
```
In this example, the close button gains focus when the modal opens, making navigation intuitive for keyboard users.

Avoiding Focus Traps

Focus traps occur when users get “stuck” within an element, such as a modal, and can’t return to the main content. Ensure that focus can move freely between interactive elements and provide a way to close modals with the Escape key.

Best Practices for Accessible Interactive Elements

When building custom components, pay attention to how they’ll be used with a keyboard:

Provide Clear Labels for Inputs

Forms are essential in any application, and labeling form controls is critical for accessibility. Use labels effectively with inputs, either through <label> elements or aria-label attributes.
```
function NameInput() {
  return (
    <label htmlFor="name">
      Name:
      <input type="text" id="name" aria-required="true" />
    </label>
  );
}
```
Accessible Modals

For custom modal components, set the role= "dialog" and aria-modal= "true" attributes, which inform assistive technology that the content is a modal.

Testing Focus

After adding interactive elements, test that each one can be reached and activated using only the Tab, Enter, and Escape keys. This ensures full keyboard accessibility.

Managing Screen Reader Navigation in SPAs

Single Page Applications (SPAs) often update content dynamically without full page reloads, which can make it difficult for screen reader users to keep track of changes. When the main content area updates, shift focus to the new content or provide a way for screen readers to be alerted about the change.

Example: Setting Focus on Page Updates
```
import React, { useEffect, useRef } from 'react';
function ContentArea({ content }) {
  const contentRef = useRef();
  useEffect(() => {
    contentRef.current.focus();
  }, [content]);
  return (
    <main tabIndex="-1" ref={contentRef}>
      {content}
    </main>
  );
}
```
Here, the main content area receives focus after each update, helping screen reader users navigate SPAs more easily.

Testing Your React App for Accessibility

Testing is crucial to ensure your React application meets accessibility standards. Here are some testing methods and tools:
1. Manual Testing: Use keyboard-only navigation to interact with your app, checking that all elements are accessible and usable. Verify that custom elements respond to the Tab, Enter, and Escape keys.
2. Screen Readers: Test with a screen reader like NVDA (for Windows) or VoiceOver (for macOS). Experience the app as a screen reader user to see how well content updates and ARIA roles are conveyed.
3. Automated Tools: Tools like Google Lighthouse or WAVE identify many accessibility issues. They’re helpful for quickly checking common problems, although they don’t replace manual testing.
Conclusion

Building accessible React applications takes effort but is entirely achievable with the right techniques and tools. Start by setting up your development environment with eslint-plugin-jsx-a11y to catch common issues, and always prioritize semantic HTML elements for inherent accessibility. ARIA roles are powerful but should be used to enhance—not replace—standard HTML.

Ensuring keyboard accessibility, managing focus in SPAs, and regularly testing for accessibility can make a world of difference for users. By following these practices, you’re not only meeting WCAG standards but also creating a better user experience for everyone.

Need help? Reach out to 216digital using the contact form below for a complimentary ADA briefing.
Bobby

November 6, 2024

How-to Guides

ARIA, How-to, React, web developers, web development
Using NVDA to Test Web Accessibility
Making your website accessible isn’t just a checkbox to tick—it’s about creating a space where everyone feels welcome. Imagine trying to browse a site only to hit wall after wall because it wasn’t designed with all users in mind—that’s the reality for millions of people with disabilities. One of the most effective ways to understand and improve your site’s accessibility is by testing it with tools like NVDA (NonVisual Desktop Access). NVDA is a free, open-source screen reader for Windows that provides audio feedback, enabling users who are blind or visually impaired to explore and interact with digital content.

If you’re a developer or designer aiming to make your website user-friendly for everyone, testing with NVDA can be a real eye-opener. This guide will walk you through everything you need to get started—from setting up NVDA to identifying common accessibility barriers. We’ll also compare NVDA with other screen readers and share tips on integrating accessibility checks into your workflow.

Why Testing with a Screen Reader Matters

Testing with a screen reader is crucial for building websites that everyone can use and enjoy. Did you know that over 8 million people in the United States have a visual disability? Worldwide, an estimated 2.2 billion people are affected by some form of visual impairment. That’s a considerable number of users who rely on screen readers like NVDA to navigate the web. Yet, despite this need, studies show that 95.9% of the world’s top million homepages still have detectable accessibility issues, many of which directly impact screen reader users.

Common Accessibility Barriers

While standards like the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) exist to help ensure content is accessible, there’s still a gap between ticking the compliance boxes and actual usability. Some common accessibility barriers impacting screen reader users include:
- Missing or Incorrect Alt Text: Without alt text, images lack context, making it hard for users to understand what’s on the page.
- Improper Heading Structure: Jumping from an H1 to an H3 heading (and skipping H2) can make navigating a page disorienting.
- Inadequate Link Descriptions: Using link text like “Click here” doesn’t tell users where the link will take them.
- Lack of Keyboard Navigation: If elements aren’t reachable by the keyboard, users may not be able to navigate away from certain sections.
By testing your site with a screen reader like NVDA, you can spot and fix these barriers directly, ensuring your content is genuinely usable—not just technically accessible. This step is vital for engaging a wide audience, including customers who rely on screen readers for equal access.

Plus, by prioritizing screen reader accessibility, you’re not just meeting legal requirements; you’re showing that your brand values inclusivity, which can resonate with customers and build loyalty.

Getting Started with NVDA

Ready to dive in? First, you’ll need to install NVDA on a Windows computer. Just head over to its official website and follow the straightforward instructions. Once it’s installed, take a few minutes to explore the settings. NVDA lets you adjust things like speed, voice pitch, and how much information it reads out loud. Tweaking these settings can make your screen reader testing smoother and help you catch all the essential details without getting distracted.

Understanding the Basics of NVDA

At first glance, NVDA might seem a bit overwhelming, but don’t worry—once you get the hang of a few essential controls, you’ll be navigating like a pro. The main control is the Insert key, which you use along with other keys to execute commands. For example, pressing Insert + Spacebar toggles between browse and focus modes, showing how users move between different sections and interact with elements on your site.

Key Shortcuts to Know
- Tab: Move through interactive elements like buttons and links.
- Shift + Tab: Go back through items, helping you check the flow of navigation.
- H: Navigate through headings in sequence (Shift + H moves backward), which is crucial for accessibility.
- K for links or G for graphics: Jump to specific content, helping you quickly assess if important items are accessible.
Testing for Accessibility Barriers with NVDA

Once you’re comfortable with NVDA, it’s time to put your website to the test. The goal is to see how easy (or difficult) it is for a screen reader user to find and understand information on your site.

Check Your Navigation Structure

Screen reader users rely heavily on clear navigation. Headings should be marked in a logical order, and the Tab key should move through items sensibly. As you use NVDA, please pay close attention to how it announces headings, links, and interactive elements. For instance, links labeled “Read More” can be confusing, while “Learn More About Our Services” is much more straightforward. Descriptive link text is vital to helping screen reader users navigate confidently.

Confirm Image Descriptions

Proper alt text is a must for images. Use the G key to move through images and listen to the descriptions NVDA reads aloud. The alt text doesn’t need to be lengthy—just informative enough to give users an idea of the image’s purpose.

For additional information about alt text, read our article “Understanding Image Alt Text Descriptions.”

Test Interactive Elements Like Forms

Forms can be tricky for screen reader users if they’re not labeled well. As you move through form fields, listen to the labels NVDA reads. Each field should have a clear label, and error messages should be accessible, too. Testing with NVDA can reveal unlabeled fields or hidden error messages that might make filling out forms difficult.

Common Accessibility Barriers to Watch For

Using NVDA can help you spot common barriers that affect accessibility:
- Keyboard Traps: These occur when users get stuck in one part of the page. Use the Tab and Shift + Tab keys to move around; if you find yourself stuck, it’s likely a keyboard trap.
- Focus Indicators: Screen reader users (and keyboard users in general) need a visible marker to show where they are on the page. Test this by tabbing through your site to see if each interactive element has a clear indicator.
- Content Flow: Listen to your site in linear order, from top to bottom. Does it make sense as you go? Unclear structure or skipped headings can confuse users trying to navigate the content in a meaningful order.
Documenting What You Find

As you test, it’s helpful to document any issues you come across. Be specific: note where each issue happens, what the problem is, and why it’s an accessibility issue. For example, if a button lacks a label, describe which button it is, where it’s located, and how this impacts screen reader users. Including step-by-step details on how you tested (like key sequences or what NVDA readout) can also help your team quickly recreate and fix the issue.

Trying Out Other Screen Readers

While NVDA is a fantastic tool, remember that users rely on different screen readers like JAWS or VoiceOver on Apple devices. Testing with more than one screen reader can uncover accessibility issues that one tool might miss. NVDA is particularly good with dynamic content and ARIA (Accessible Rich Internet Applications) attributes. So, if you can, try testing with multiple screen readers to get a fuller picture of your site’s accessibility.

Making Accessibility Part of Your Process

Accessibility testing with NVDA shouldn’t be a one-time thing—it works best when it’s part of your development process from the start. By catching issues early, you’ll avoid significant fixes later and create a better experience for everyone. During design, consider accessibility-friendly patterns like high-contrast colors and adjustable font sizes. During development, use NVDA to test as you go and do a final check once your site is live.

And if possible, getting feedback from users with disabilities can be incredibly valuable. While NVDA can help you simulate a screen reader experience, real users bring real-world insights that can highlight usability issues you might not think of.

Wrapping Up

Using NVDA to test your website’s accessibility is a powerful step toward creating a more inclusive online experience, but there’s so much more to accessibility than just technical adjustments—it’s about making your site welcoming to everyone, including customers who rely on assistive technology.

To help you navigate the broader world of ADA compliance and web accessibility, consider scheduling a briefing with 216digital. Our team can walk you through key accessibility requirements, share insights into your site’s current compliance level, and guide you on building a sustainable, accessible web presence. Let’s work together to make your website an inclusive, welcoming space for all users. Schedule your ADA briefing with 216digital today, and take the next step toward true digital accessibility.
Kayla Laganiere

November 5, 2024

How-to Guides

Accessibility, Accessibility testing, ADA Compliance, NVDA, web developers, Website Accessibility
Are ADA Lawsuits Truly Addressing Web Accessibility Concerns or Financial Motives?

The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) was enacted in 1990 to prohibit discrimination and ensure equal opportunities for people with disabilities, promoting accessibility in physical spaces, employment, transportation, and communication. Its core intent was, and still is, to remove barriers, offering individuals with disabilities equitable access to spaces, services, and information. Yet, as technology evolved, so did the legal landscape.

Today, ADA lawsuits increasingly target digital spaces, focusing on web accessibility. However, many argue that many of these cases may be financially motivated rather than genuinely aimed at improving user accessibility.

This article will explore whether ADA lawsuits in the digital realm truly address accessibility concerns or have become vehicles for profit, disproportionately affecting small businesses and often failing to create meaningful accessibility changes.

ADA’s Original Purpose: Accessibility for All

Digital spaces were in their infancy when the ADA was introduced, and web accessibility wasn’t yet a primary focus. Over time, however, the need for digital accessibility became apparent as websites and apps became essential tools for daily life. The ADA’s promise of equal access naturally extended into these new spaces, with courts ruling that websites should be accessible to individuals with disabilities. In principle, these lawsuits aimed to push businesses toward compliance, making the digital world as accessible as the physical one.

However, the sharp increase in web accessibility lawsuits has sparked debates. While some argue that these lawsuits hold businesses accountable, others claim they’ve strayed from the ADA’s purpose and are instead exploited for financial gain.

The Surge in Web Accessibility Lawsuits: Financial Motives or Accessibility Goals?

Data shows a dramatic increase in ADA-related digital accessibility lawsuits. According to a report from UsableNet, over 4,000 digital accessibility lawsuits were filed in 2023 alone, with the majority in industries like retail, food service, and e-commerce. Many of these lawsuits are part of what some legal experts call “drive-by” or “surf-by” suits, where plaintiffs—or law firms—quickly identify accessibility issues, sometimes without ever attempting to use the site.

A well-known case involves Domino’s Pizza, which was sued by a visually impaired man who claimed the company’s website and mobile app were incompatible with his screen reader, making ordering food online impossible. In this instance, the lawsuit gained national attention, ultimately resulting in the Ninth Circuit Court ruling in favor of the plaintiff. While this case had an accessibility-focused outcome, it highlighted the complexities of web accessibility requirements under the ADA. Smaller businesses, however, often lack the resources to navigate lengthy litigation, and settlements can be a quicker option.

High-Profile Examples and “Drive-By” Suits

Certain plaintiffs and legal firms have been linked to hundreds, if not thousands, of ADA lawsuits. These “drive-by” or “surf-by” suits are often filed in large batches across multiple jurisdictions, targeting businesses with minor web accessibility issues. In these cases, it’s common for plaintiffs and attorneys to demand settlements without requiring that accessibility issues be addressed. This approach raises questions about the true intention behind these cases: Are they serving individuals with disabilities or simply a means to extract settlements?

High-profile cases aside, small businesses bear the brunt of such lawsuits. For example, a local bakery or a small online retailer with limited technical knowledge and budget may unknowingly operate a website that needs to be fully ADA-compliant. When targeted by a lawsuit, they often find the cost of defending themselves too high, pushing them toward a settlement which rarely requires accessibility improvements.

The Disproportionate Impact on Small Businesses

Due to limited resources and awareness, small businesses are especially vulnerable to ADA lawsuits. Unlike large corporations, small business owners often lack dedicated legal or compliance departments, making it difficult for them to implement and maintain accessible websites. The financial strain can be significant; they face legal fees, potential settlements, and the cost of redesigning their websites for compliance.

For many small businesses, even the threat of an ADA lawsuit is enough to cause financial stress. Paying legal fees and settlements can exhaust their budgets, sometimes leading to layoffs or even closures. While larger businesses may view these costs as part of risk management, small businesses face disproportionate consequences despite representing a smaller fraction of the digital marketplace.

Are ADA Lawsuits Leading to Real Accessibility Improvements?

With the increase in ADA lawsuits, one might assume that digital accessibility has improved dramatically. However, evidence suggests otherwise. Many cases settle out of court without requiring the business to make its website accessible. In these instances, settlements may address plaintiffs’ demands but leave broader accessibility issues unresolved.

While larger companies might use settlements to improve accessibility, smaller businesses often struggle to implement changes even after legal action. Without clear guidelines from the ADA on web accessibility standards, businesses are left in a legal gray area, leading to inconsistent and often inadequate improvements. For meaningful change, legal actions would need to enforce accessibility upgrades as part of their resolutions. Unfortunately, in many cases, financial gain appears to take precedence over accessibility outcomes.

How to Protect Yourself from Frivolous ADA Lawsuits

Despite the challenges, businesses can proactively mitigate the risk of ADA lawsuits and ensure their websites are accessible. Here are several strategies:

Conduct Regular Accessibility Audits

Regularly assessing your website for accessibility compliance is essential. Automated tools and manual testing can help you catch and fix issues that may otherwise go unnoticed. While automated tools can identify many technical problems, manual testing is often necessary to ensure a website is accessible.

Follow WCAG Guidelines

The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.1 are the global standard for web accessibility. While not legally binding under the ADA, adhering to these guidelines demonstrates a commitment to accessibility and can help businesses defend themselves against lawsuits.

Partner with Accessibility Experts

Hiring an external firm with expertise in web accessibility can provide invaluable insights and help you develop a compliance strategy. Accessibility experts like 216digital understand the nuances of ADA and WCAG compliance, making them well-equipped to help businesses avoid common pitfalls.

Stay Informed on Legal Trends

ADA compliance in the digital space is rapidly evolving, and staying informed on relevant lawsuits and rulings can help businesses understand potential risks. Engaging with industry groups or associations that focus on digital accessibility can also provide guidance and resources.

Maintain Documentation and Accessibility Policies

Documenting your efforts to comply with accessibility standards can help demonstrate a proactive approach. Maintaining a web accessibility policy and records of improvements can strengthen your defense if faced with a lawsuit.

Moving Toward Meaningful Change in Web Accessibility

For ADA lawsuits to truly serve their intended purpose, they need to result in real accessibility improvements rather than financial settlements alone. While some cases serve as important reminders for businesses to make their websites accessible, the prevalence of drive-by suits highlights the need for more explicit standards and legal reform. Small businesses, in particular, require more guidance and support to achieve compliance without facing financial ruin.

A Call for a Balanced Approach

In conclusion, ADA lawsuits can be a powerful tool for advancing web accessibility, but only if they prioritize access over profit. For meaningful progress, lawsuits should focus on enforcing change rather than leveraging settlements. By adopting proactive accessibility strategies, businesses can protect themselves from frivolous lawsuits and contribute to a more inclusive digital landscape for all users.

By taking steps to prioritize accessibility, companies can reduce their exposure to ADA lawsuits and ensure that their websites are accessible to all users, fulfilling the original purpose of the ADA. For any organization, compliance is a legal obligation and an opportunity to create an inclusive and user-friendly digital experience.

Ready to get started? Schedule a complimentary ADA strategy briefing with 216digital today. Let’s work together to protect your online business!

Greg McNeil

November 4, 2024

Legal Compliance

Accessibility, ADA Compliance, ADA Website Compliance, Web Accessibility, Website Accessibility
Why 100% ADA Compliance Isn’t Realistic
If you own a website or create online content, it’s crucial to understand what ADA compliance truly entails. In today’s digital landscape, failing to address accessibility isn’t just a missed opportunity—it’s a potential liability. Despite promises from certain agencies claiming they can make your site “100% ADA-compliant,” the reality is more complex. Can any website truly meet full compliance in an ever-evolving digital world? Let’s take a closer look at what this means and why a one-size-fits-all solution may not be enough to protect you from legal risks or to provide a genuinely accessible experience.

What is ADA Compliance?

The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) was passed in 1990 to ensure that people with disabilities have equal rights and opportunities. While the ADA doesn’t specifically mention websites, it has been interpreted to apply to them, especially under Title II (which covers state and local governments) and Title III (which focuses on public accommodations like businesses).

For websites, ADA compliance often means following the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG). These guidelines help make online content more accessible to everyone, including those with visual, auditory, or other disabilities. The WCAG principles can be summed up as follows:
- Perceivable: Information must be presented in a way that users can perceive, like providing text alternatives for images.
- Operable: Users must be able to navigate and interact with the content using various devices and assistive technologies.
- Understandable: Information and user interfaces should be clear and straightforward.
- Robust: Content must be compatible with current and future user agents, including assistive technologies.
Can a Website Be 100% ADA-Compliant?

Now, here’s the tricky part: claiming that a website can be 100% ADA compliant is not only misleading but also unrealistic, and there is no legal definition. Why is that? Because the web is constantly changing. New technologies, design trends, and content updates can all affect how accessible a website is. Lastly, the Department of Justice has never set in stone what it means for a website to be legally compliant.

Accessibility Standards vs. Ongoing Compliance

Understanding the difference between achieving accessibility standards and maintaining compliance is crucial. You might partner with an agency that helps you meet specific accessibility goals today. However, if you don’t continue to monitor and update your website, you could risk falling out of compliance as your site evolves.

For example, if you add new content or change your design, you need to ensure those changes also meet accessibility standards. This ongoing effort is what keeps your website welcoming and usable for all visitors.

False Claims by Agencies

Many agencies will promise they can make your website “fully ADA compliant.” They might use phrases like “one-time fix” or “permanent compliance.” While that sounds appealing, it’s often not realistic. Here’s why:
1. One-Time Solutions: If an agency offers a quick, one-time fix, be cautious. Accessibility isn’t a set-it-and-forget-it situation. Websites need continuous updates and adjustments.
2. Guaranteed Compliance: Some agencies might claim they can guarantee compliance. However, there is no set legal standard for web compliance. You might still face ADA lawsuits even after working with an agency.
3. Frivolous ADA Lawsuits: It’s unfortunate, but there are frivolous ADA lawsuits out there. Some businesses are sued over accessibility issues that seem exaggerated. This highlights the importance of taking genuine steps toward accessibility rather than relying on empty promises.
What to Look For in an Agency

So, how do you find the right agency for web accessibility services? Here are some tips to help you choose wisely:
1. Continuous Support: Look for agencies that offer ongoing support instead of just a one-time fix. This could include regular audits and updates based on user feedback.
2. Transparency: A reputable agency should be clear about what they can and cannot guarantee. They should help you set realistic expectations for what compliance looks like.
3. Education: The best agencies will not only assist you in making your website compliant but will also educate you on how to maintain accessibility in the long run. Knowledge is power!
4. Customized Solutions: Every website is unique. An effective agency should be willing to tailor their approach to meet your specific needs and goals.
Setting Realistic Expectations

As a website owner, setting realistic expectations about what ADA compliance means for your site is crucial. Accessibility is a journey, not a destination. While you can take significant steps to improve your site’s accessibility, it’s essential to recognize that this is an ongoing commitment.

Be wary of agencies that promise a quick fix or complete compliance. Instead, look for partners who understand the evolving nature of web content and can help you adapt over time.

Secure Lasting Accessibility with 216digital

The web is dynamic, and maintaining accessibility requires ongoing effort. Choosing an agency focused on continuous support and education equips you to create an inclusive online space for everyone

At 216digital, we prioritize not only bringing your website into compliance but also educating you on how to maintain and enhance accessibility long after your project is complete. We’re committed to supporting you on this journey every step of the way.

We encourage you to schedule an ADA briefing with us to learn how we can help you navigate the complexities of web accessibility. Together, we can ensure your website remains welcoming and usable for all visitors.

Embrace the journey, and let’s make the web a better place for everyone!
Greg McNeil

November 1, 2024

Legal Compliance

Accessibility, ADA Compliance, ADA Lawsuit, ADA Website Compliance
Is Your Website ADA-Compliant?
Ever wonder if your website is truly welcoming to all visitors? It’s easy to think, “My site looks great. It works smoothly—why worry?” But here’s the catch: a good-looking, functional site isn’t always an accessible one. And if your website isn’t ADA compliant, you could be unintentionally shutting the door on a massive group of potential visitors and customers—people with disabilities.

Let’s put it this way: imagine if a brick-and-mortar store had narrow, cluttered aisles or no ramps. Customers with mobility challenges would struggle to get in or move around. Now, think of your website as that store. If it isn’t built with accessibility in mind, visitors with disabilities may find it impossible to navigate, use, or even understand what you’re offering.

So, is your website ADA-compliant? If you’re not sure or have never checked, this guide is for you. We’ll break down what ADA compliance means, why it matters, the standards to follow, and how you can ensure your site is welcoming to all. Ready to see if your online space meets the mark? Let’s dive in.

Why ADA Compliance Matters

Making sure your website is ADA-compliant isn’t just a box to check off—it’s a vital part of running a business that’s inclusive and future-proof. An accessible website means everyone, regardless of ability, can navigate, engage with, and enjoy your content. This approach not only helps build trust and loyalty but can also increase your audience and improve user satisfaction. And let’s not forget, it comes with important legal and business benefits.

Legal Implications

The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) requires that businesses—including their websites—be accessible to everyone. If your site isn’t ADA-compliant, you could be in for a rough ride. The number of ADA-related lawsuits has been rising fast. In 2023, for instance, over 4,500 web accessibility lawsuits were filed in the U.S., which was a 15% increase from the year before, according to UsableNet.

Courts have been clear that digital spaces are covered by the ADA, even though it was created before the internet as we know it existed. And it’s not just big businesses being targeted—small and medium-sized businesses have also found themselves in legal hot water over inaccessible sites. Legal fees, settlements, and potential damage to your reputation can add up quickly, costing far more than making your website compliant in the first place. By focusing on accessibility, you’re not just protecting your business; you’re showing that inclusivity is a priority.

Expanding Your Audience

Making your site ADA-compliant isn’t just about sidestepping legal issues—it’s also about reaching more people. The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that over 1 billion people globally live with some form of disability. In the U.S., the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) says that 26% of adults have some kind of disability. This includes a wide range of challenges, from visual and hearing impairments to mobility and cognitive issues.

Think about it: if your website is easier to use for people with disabilities, you’re opening your doors to a vast number of potential customers who might have otherwise struggled with your site. In fact, a study in the U.K. found that 71% of users with disabilities will leave a site that’s hard to use, and 82% of them are willing to spend more on a site that’s accessible. That’s a lot of potential revenue and customer loyalty that can be yours just by making your site more inclusive.

Understanding Web Accessibility Standards

To create an accessible website, it’s essential to understand key standards, particularly the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG). These guidelines, developed by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), provide a roadmap for making web content more accessible to people with disabilities.

Key Principles of WCAG

The WCAG outlines four fundamental principles, often remembered by the acronym POUR:
1. Perceivable: Information must be presented in ways that users can perceive. This means providing text alternatives for images, using captions for videos, and ensuring sufficient contrast between text and background colors.
2. Operable: Users should be able to navigate the site using various methods. This includes keyboard navigation and the ability to pause or stop animations.
3. Understandable: Content and navigation must be easy to understand. This includes using clear language, consistent navigation, and proper labeling of forms.
4. Robust: Content should be compatible with various technologies, including assistive technologies like screen readers. This means writing clean, semantic HTML.
By adhering to these principles, you’ll be well on your way to creating a more accessible website.

Common Barriers to Web Accessibility

Even with the best intentions, many websites still have barriers that prevent people with disabilities from accessing their content. Here are a few common issues:

Images Without Alt Text

Images can be a significant barrier if they don’t have descriptive alt text. Alt text is essential for users who rely on screen readers, as it provides context about the image.

Poor Color Contrast

If the contrast between your text and background is too low, it can be challenging for individuals with visual impairments to read your content. Aim for a contrast ratio of at least 4.5:1 for normal text.

Inaccessible Forms

Forms are often problematic. If they lack labels or instructions, users with disabilities may find it challenging to fill them out. Always ensure that forms are correctly labeled and provide clear instructions.

Lack of Keyboard Navigation

Many users with disabilities rely on keyboard navigation rather than a mouse. If your website doesn’t support this, it can create significant barriers.

Testing Your Website for Accessibility

Now that you understand the importance of ADA compliance and common barriers, how do you ensure your website is accessible? Here are some methods for testing your site:

Manual Checks

Begin with manual checks of your website. Go through your site using only the keyboard. Can you navigate easily? Test your forms to see if they’re usable without a mouse. This basic level of testing can reveal a lot about your site’s accessibility.

Automated Tools

Automated accessibility testing tools can help identify many common issues quickly. Here are a few popular options:
- WAVE: This browser extension evaluates accessibility and highlights issues on your page.
- Lighthouse: Built into Chrome’s developer tools, Lighthouse provides audits of various web aspects, including accessibility.
While these tools are helpful, they don’t catch everything. They should be used in conjunction with manual checks to ensure a truly ADA-compliant website.

User Testing with Assistive Technologies

The best way to understand how ADA-compliant your site truly is is to test it with real users who have disabilities.
- Screen Readers: Ask users to navigate your site using popular screen readers like JAWS or NVDA.
- Keyboard Navigation: Observe how users interact with your site using only a keyboard.
Getting feedback from users with disabilities will give you insights that automated tools might miss.

Practical Steps to Improve Accessibility

Once you’ve identified accessibility issues on your site, what should you do next? Here are some practical steps you can take:
- Start with an Accessibility Audit: Before making any changes, conduct a comprehensive audit of your website. Use both automated tools and manual checks to identify barriers.
- Prioritize Quick Wins: Addressing some accessibility issues can take time, but there are many “quick wins” you can tackle right away.
- Implement Staff Training and Awareness: Accessibility is not just a one-person job. Ensure your content creators, developers, and designers are trained on best practices for maintaining and improving web accessibility.
- Monitor Accessibility Consistently: Regular audits are essential, but ongoing monitoring ensures that new updates don’t introduce issues. Services like 216digital’s a11y.Radar can help by continuously checking for compliance and alerting you to new challenges.
Conclusion

Making sure your website is ADA-compliant is more than just checking a legal box—it’s about creating a space where everyone feels welcome. Prioritizing accessibility can open your business to a wider audience, boost user satisfaction, and even shield you from potential legal issues. But let’s be honest: navigating the ins and outs of accessibility can feel overwhelming.

That’s where we come in. At 216digital, we’re here to make it simple. Schedule an ADA briefing with us to find out if your website is at risk and how we can help make it more inclusive. Don’t wait until there’s a problem; get ahead of it and show your commitment to accessibility today. Your future customers (and your peace of mind) will thank you!
Greg McNeil

October 30, 2024

Legal Compliance

Accessibility testing, ADA Compliance, ADA Lawsuit, WCAG, Web Accessibility
The Importance of Keyboard Accessibility & Why ARIA Widgets Don’t Work
Keyboard accessibility is a fundamental part of creating an accessible web experience. For many people, including those with motor impairments, the ability to navigate a website using only a keyboard is essential. Unfortunately, not all website interactive elements are designed with keyboard users in mind. This is where ARIA (Accessible Rich Internet Applications) widgets often come into play—intended to improve accessibility but frequently falling short when misused.

Understanding the principles of keyboard accessibility and the limitations of ARIA widgets can help website owners, developers, and content creators deliver a more inclusive user experience. Let’s explore the most common keyboard accessibility issues, why ARIA widgets often miss the mark, and how you can design your website to meet Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) standards.

Why Keyboard Accessibility Matters

Keyboard accessibility ensures that all interactive elements on a website—like buttons, forms, links, and menus—are reachable and usable without needing a mouse. Many users, such as those with motor disabilities or vision impairments, rely on keyboards, screen readers, or other assistive devices to navigate web content.

Without keyboard accessibility, people using assistive technology can encounter significant barriers, preventing them from completing tasks or navigating the site. For instance, a checkout form that only allows interaction through mouse clicks will stop a keyboard user in their tracks, impacting their ability to purchase a product or service.

Common Barriers to Keyboard Accessibility

Some of the most common obstacles that keyboard users face on websites include:

Lack of Focus Indicators
- Problem: Without visible focus indicators, keyboard users may not know where they are on the page. This becomes particularly frustrating when navigating forms or interactive menus.
- Solution: Use CSS to style focus indicators and make them highly visible, such as by changing the border color, background, or outline. Here’s an example:
```
button:focus, a:focus {
	outline: 3px solid #005fcc;
	background-color: #f0f8ff;
}
```
Improper Tab Order
- Problem: Elements on a page need to logically match the visual layout. Without a logical tab order, users may be taken through an erratic sequence, which can lead to confusion and missed information.
- Solution: Arrange your elements in HTML to follow the intended visual order and limit use of the tabindex attribute. By default, elements will follow the document’s source order, so it’s best to organize your code this way.
Focus Traps
- Problem: Focus traps occur when users can’t tab away from a particular element, like a popup or modal. Once they’re stuck, the rest of the page becomes inaccessible until they can close the focus-trapped section.
- Solution: Ensure focus returns to the main content once the user dismisses the popup or modal, using JavaScript if necessary:
```
// Example of returning focus after modal close
document.getElementById("closeModalButton").addEventListener("click", function() {
  document.getElementById("mainContent").focus();
});
```
ARIA Widgets and Their Challenges

ARIA (Accessible Rich Internet Applications) is a set of attributes that help improve the accessibility of web applications, particularly for screen readers. However, ARIA widgets—such as dropdowns, sliders, and modals—often don’t work as expected for keyboard users if not implemented carefully. ARIA can enhance accessibility, but it can’t “fix” poor coding practices or make non-native elements fully functional on its own.

Why ARIA Widgets Often Fail

ARIA widgets can be highly effective but only if they’re properly coded, tested, and consistently used with accessibility in mind. Here are some common pitfalls:

Reliance on ARIA Without Semantic HTML

ARIA is not a replacement for HTML5 elements; it’s meant to enhance them. Using ARIA on elements that don’t support native keyboard interactions (like <div> for a button) means the widget might lack inherent keyboard functionality.

For example, instead of creating a clickable div with ARIA, use a <button> tag. Buttons come with native keyboard functionality and don’t require extra scripting or attributes to work as expected.

Overuse of role and tabindex Attributes

Misusing role attributes can disrupt how screen readers interact with elements. For instance, assigning a role= "button" to a div won’t make it work the same way as a real button.

Similarly, improper use of tabindex can cause elements to jump around in an illogical order. Stick to the natural flow of the DOM, using tabindex= "0" only when absolutely necessary to keep the order in sync.

JavaScript-Dependent Behavior

ARIA widgets often rely on JavaScript to replicate native interactions, but these scripts must be meticulously coded and tested. A JavaScript error could render an entire widget inaccessible.

Testing your scripts thoroughly with keyboard-only navigation is essential, especially for ARIA widgets. Missing key events like “Enter” or “Escape” can trap users in a widget or make it difficult to interact with.

Best Practices for Creating Keyboard-Accessible Interactive Elements

To avoid these pitfalls and ensure that your site is truly keyboard accessible, follow these best practices:

Prioritize Native HTML Elements

Whenever possible, use native HTML elements for interactivity (like <button>, <a>, <input>, and <select>). They come with built-in accessibility and keyboard support, reducing the need for complex ARIA attributes or custom JavaScript.

Use ARIA Judiciously

Use ARIA only when there’s no HTML equivalent, like custom dropdowns or sliders. And if you do need ARIA attributes, implement them carefully with an understanding of their purpose. For example, use aria-expanded to indicate the open or closed state of a dropdown menu:
```
<button aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="menu">Menu</button>
<ul id= "menu" hidden>
  <li><a href="#home">Home</a></li>
  <li><a href="#about">About</a></li>
</ul>
```
Enable Logical Focus Management

Ensure that interactive elements maintain a logical and intuitive focus order. When creating modals or popups, use JavaScript to trap focus within the modal until it’s closed and then return focus to the last element interacted with:
```
const modal = document.getElementById("modal");
const lastFocus = document.activeElement;
// Trap focus within modal
modal.addEventListener("keydown", (e) => {
  if (e.key === "Tab") {
    // Logic to keep focus within modal
  }
});
// Restore focus after modal close
modal.addEventListener("close", () => {
  lastFocus.focus();
});
```
Include Skip Links

Skip links are simple yet effective. They allow keyboard users to jump directly to the main content, bypassing repetitive navigation menus. Add a skip link that appears when focused, like this:
```
<a href="#mainContent" class="skip-link">Skip to main content</a>
<main id="mainContent">
  
</main>
```
The Importance of Testing for Keyboard Accessibility

Testing is critical to achieving real keyboard accessibility. Use keyboard-only navigation to interact with your site, ensuring that each element responds to the Tab, Enter, and Escape keys appropriately. Here are a few tips for testing:
1. Turn Off Your Mouse: Try navigating your site using only the keyboard. See if you can reach every interactive element and complete all tasks.
2. Use Assistive Technology Simulators: There are free screen readers (such as NVDA or VoiceOver) that let you experience your website as a keyboard-only user would.
3. Run Accessibility Audits: Automated tools like Google Lighthouse or WAVE can catch many keyboard accessibility issues, but a manual review is still necessary.
Conclusion

Keyboard accessibility is a must for ensuring inclusivity on your website. By avoiding ARIA misuse and sticking to native HTML elements where possible, you’ll reduce barriers for keyboard users and create a smoother experience. Remember, ARIA attributes can enhance interactivity, but they aren’t a substitute for accessible design principles.

Testing with keyboard-only navigation will confirm that your site meets WCAG standards and shows your commitment to creating a web experience that everyone can enjoy—just in time for all your visitors to get the most out of your content and promotions. Reach out to 216digital using the contact form below if you’re unsure if your website is keyboard navigable.
Bobby

October 29, 2024

How-to Guides

ARIA, How-to, keyboard accessibility, web developers, web development
A Case for Starting Accessibility Early in Development
When you’re kicking off a new web project, it’s easy to focus on exciting features and visual design. But here’s something that often gets pushed aside until it’s almost too late: accessibility. The truth? Accessibility isn’t just a box to check off at the end of development; it’s a fundamental part of creating an inclusive, user-friendly experience from day one. To truly succeed, you need to start accessibility early.

Think about it: no one wants to realize their new website or app needs major tweaks just to be usable for everyone. Starting accessibility early not only benefits people with disabilities but boosts usability for all your users, saves you money, and keeps you in line with standards like Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG). And who doesn’t want to avoid headaches later on?

Let’s break down why embedding accessibility into your project from the very beginning is worth every bit of effort—and how to make it happen smoothly.

Why Start Accessibility Planning from the Beginning?

Making accessibility a priority from day one can feel like a big commitment, but here’s what you gain by choosing to start accessibility early:

Avoid Costly Retrofits

Fixing accessibility issues at the end of a project can mean reworking significant parts of your site—an expensive and time-consuming ordeal. Imagine designing your site, launching it, and then realizing it doesn’t meet accessibility standards. Adding features like keyboard navigation or fixing color contrast at that point can mean redoing large chunks of your design. Planning for these details early on keeps everything smoother (and kinder on your budget).

Enhance User Experience for All

When you start accessibility early, you set the stage for a user experience that is friendly and inclusive for everyone. Accessibility isn’t just for those with disabilities—it’s for everyone. Features like clear navigation, easy-to-read text, and well-labeled elements make browsing better for all users. Designing with accessibility in mind from the start ensures these benefits are baked in, rather than added later.

Stay Compliant and Avoid Legal Issues

Starting with WCAG standards and other accessibility guidelines from the get-go helps you avoid legal hiccups. These guidelines form the backbone of inclusive web design and ensure you’re in line with regulations like the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). Following these rules early on makes compliance one less thing to worry about.

How to Integrate Accessibility into Each Stage of Development

Accessibility can be woven into every phase of your project with just a bit of planning. Here are some actionable steps for developers and designers:

Design with Accessibility in Mind

From the beginning, designers play a critical role in accessibility by setting the structure and visual flow of a project. Here are a few accessibility best practices to incorporate during the design phase:

Color Contrast and Readability

Make sure your text is easy to read against its background. According to WCAG guidelines, regular text should have at least a 4.5:1 contrast ratio, while larger text should have a 3:1 contrast ratio. Testing tools like WebAIM’s Color Contrast Checker make this quick and easy to verify.

Intuitive Layout and Navigation

A clear, intuitive layout ensures all users can navigate your site. Place navigation elements consistently, keep forms simple, and use ample white space to make content easier to digest. These are just a few examples of how to start accessibility early in your design strategy.

Descriptive Text for Buttons and Links

Buttons and links should have descriptive text that tells the user exactly what will happen when they click. Instead of a vague “click here,” label it with “Learn More About Accessibility,” for example. Clear labels improve navigation for users and assistive technologies alike.

Use the Right HTML Tags

Developers can make a huge impact when they start accessibility early by using semantic HTML. Semantic HTML tags—like <header>, <main>, <nav>, and <footer>—convey the structure of your webpage to screen readers and other assistive devices, helping users navigate more effectively.

Proper HTML Markup

Use headings (<h1>, <h2>, etc.) in a logical order, and never skip heading levels. This creates a clear hierarchy for users relying on screen readers and assists everyone in navigating your content.

Descriptive Alt Text for Images

Screen readers rely on alternative text (alt text) to describe images to visually impaired users. Ensure every image with meaningful content has a description that conveys what’s in the image or its purpose. If the image is purely decorative, use an empty alt attribute (e.g., alt=" ") to signal to screen readers that it can be ignored.

ARIA Attributes

Accessible Rich Internet Applications (ARIA) roles and attributes provide additional context where HTML alone may fall short. For example, you can use aria-label to describe the function of a button or aria-live to notify screen readers of real-time changes, like alerts.

Test for Accessibility as You Go

Testing for accessibility throughout development lets you catch issues early before they become a headache to fix. Here’s how to implement regular accessibility checks:

Automated Accessibility Tools

Automated testing tools like Lighthouse and WAVE can detect many common accessibility issues, such as missing alt text or incorrect heading levels. However, keep in mind that while these tools are valuable, they’re not a complete solution.

Manual Testing and Keyboard Navigation

Not all accessibility features can be evaluated by automated tools, so manual testing is essential. Many users with disabilities rely on keyboards instead of a mouse, so test your site using keyboard navigation alone. Make sure users can access all interactive elements (like links, forms, and buttons) and follow a logical tab order.

Screen Reader Testing

Use screen readers like NVDA (for Windows) or VoiceOver (for Mac) to simulate how users with visual impairments experience your site. This will help you catch any missing descriptions, confusing elements, or awkward navigation.

Get Feedback from Users with Disabilities

Involving people with disabilities in testing phases offers invaluable insights. Real users bring unique perspectives that automated tools or simulated testing just can’t replicate.

Plan for Inclusive Testing

Recruit a diverse group of testers who use different assistive technologies, including screen readers, magnification software, and voice control. Their feedback can reveal practical challenges and usability issues you might not anticipate.

Iterate Based on Feedback

Make adjustments based on real-world experience and retest if needed. Accessibility is an ongoing process, and user feedback will help you understand where improvements are necessary.

Regularly Check Your Site

Keeping your site accessible isn’t a one-and-done task—it’s an ongoing process. Regular audits help ensure that your site or app stays up to date with accessibility standards as you make changes or add new features. These check-ups can catch any issues that might have been overlooked during development, or that pop up over time. But audits alone don’t cover everything; that’s where regular monitoring comes in.

Services like a11y.Radar makes a big difference by providing continuous monitoring to help keep your website accessible. With automated checks and detailed reports, a11y.Radar alerts you to potential issues early on so you can fix them before they turn into bigger problems. Plus, it helps you stay aligned with current WCAG guidelines, which are always evolving.

Combining regular audits with a monitoring service like a11y.Radar keeps your site running smoothly and ensures a user-friendly experience for everyone.

Building a Culture of Accessibility

Making accessibility a foundational part of your development culture is key to sustaining these practices long term. Here are some ideas to foster an accessibility-first mindset in your team:

Educate and Train Your Team

Provide training on accessibility guidelines and tools for all team members, from designers and developers to project managers and content creators. Workshops, webinars, and resources on WCAG standards and inclusive design can help create a shared understanding of accessibility’s importance.

Keep Accessibility Resources Available

Ensure your team has access to accessibility checklists, WCAG guidelines, and tool recommendations. Having these resources easily accessible means team members can refer to them at any stage of development.

Regularly Review and Share Accessibility Wins

Celebrate small successes, such as completing accessibility testing on a new feature or receiving positive feedback from an accessibility audit. Recognizing and sharing progress reinforces the importance of this work and motivates your team to continue prioritizing accessibility.

Helpful Tools for Accessibility

There are a variety of helpful tools for accessibility checks and improvements. Here are a few top options:
- WebAIM’s Color Contrast Checker: Verifies that contrast meets WCAG standards for readability.
- Lighthouse and WAVE: An open-source accessibility tool that runs quick checks on your web pages for WCAG compliance.
- Screen Readers: Test with NVDA (Windows), VoiceOver (Mac), and TalkBack (Android) to experience your site from the perspective of visually impaired users.
- ARIA Authoring Practices Guide: This guide provides information on implementing ARIA roles and attributes to enhance assistive technology compatibility.
Ready to Make Accessibility Part of Your Game Plan?

So, there you have it—starting accessibility early isn’t just a nice-to-have; it’s a win-win for everyone involved. By weaving accessibility into your project from day one, you’re not only sidestepping costly revisions but also crafting a better experience for all your users. Plus, you’re keeping things legally sound, which is always a good move.

But we get it—navigating the world of WCAG guidelines and accessibility best practices can feel a bit like decoding a secret language. If you’re ready to start accessibility early in your web development process without complicating your project, let’s talk. Schedule an ADA briefing with us at 216digital, and we’ll guide you through your journey in plain English (no tech jargon). Let’s work together to make the digital world a more inclusive place—one accessible website at a time.
Greg McNeil

October 28, 2024

Legal Compliance, The Benefits of Web Accessibility

Accessibility, Accessibility testing, ADA Compliance, UX, web development
Digital Accessibility Should Be of Every eCommerces’ Christmas List
‘Tis the season for eCommerce businesses to sleigh with their hottest sales of the year. Shoppers everywhere are searching for that perfect gift, making it one of the most lucrative times of the year for online retailers. But there’s a crucial part of the market that many are overlooking—digital accessibility. Ignoring this can mean missing out on a significant number of shoppers and facing potential legal issues. In 2021, businesses lost over $828 million due to websites that weren’t accessible, excluding valuable customers and risking their brand’s reputation.

Meeting digital accessibility standards isn’t just a nice-to-have; it’s a must, especially this year when the stakes are even higher. With inflation rising and economic uncertainty looming, shoppers are expected to be pickier about where they spend their money online. ISo, is your business ready to meet this challenge and unwrap its full potential?

Competitive Advantage: Stand Out in a Crowded Market

Since the COVID-19 pandemic, online sales have soared. In 2020 and 2021 alone, retailers made an extra $219 billion because more people shopped online. With so many online stores competing for shoppers’ attention during the holidays, you need to find ways to make your brand stand out. A 2022 report from WebAIM found that about 98% of top websites don’t meet basic accessibility standards. This leaves a lot of business up for grabs, giving you a huge chance to get ahead.

According to the CDC, one in four adults in the United States has a disability. During the holiday season, making your website accessible isn’t just something nice to do—it’s a way to reach millions of potential customers who might have trouble shopping online otherwise. By investing in digital accessibility, you turn your site into a welcoming, easy-to-use place that encourages more shoppers to stay, look around, and make purchases.

Reach a Larger Customer Base That’s Ready to Shop

Many people assume that digital accessibility only helps a small group, but this couldn’t be further from the truth. People with disabilities and older adults are often powerful consumers, especially during the holidays when everyone is buying gifts. If you ignore the huge spending power of the disability community, you miss out on a massive potential customer base. Making your website accessible ensures that people with disabilities can navigate and shop on your site, expanding your customer base and showing inclusivity.

Consider how many sales you could lose if your website isn’t accessible to everyone. Research shows that difficulties with web accessibility could cost your business $8 billion in holiday revenue. The good news is that you can avoid this loss by making your site inclusive and accessible.

Digital Accessibility for People with Disabilities

Over 1 billion people around the world live with some form of disability. In the U.S. alone, about 26% of adults have a disability—that’s one in four adults, according to the CDC. These consumers have more than $175 billion in spending money. By prioritizing digital accessibility, you’re opening your online store to millions of potential customers who might be unable to use your site otherwise.

These customers are eager to join in holiday shopping, and by making your site accessible, you’re welcoming them in. Research from the American Institutes for Research shows that people with disabilities have about $490 billion in disposable income. Including older adults, who also benefit from accessibility improvements, makes this potential customer base even bigger.

Older Buyers are Big Spenders

Many older shoppers, who might have vision challenges or limited mobility, look for websites that are easy to read and use. Simple changes like adjustable text sizes, high-contrast display options, and easy navigation make a big difference for this group. According to AARP, adults over 50 contribute over $7.6 trillion to the economy annually, making up 41% of all online shopping. By making your website more accessible, you can attract their holiday spending and build lasting customer loyalty.

The Digital Accessibility That Makes a Difference

What turns a brief visit into a sale? The experience.

Today’s shoppers are more selective than ever. They expect high-quality products and seamless online shopping. A 2022 report from IBM notes: “Shopping must be fast and efficient some of the time, rich and experiential other times, and always easy and intuitive. What’s more, consumers expect companies to cater to their needs and live up to their social and environmental responsibility claims.”

The Challenges Shoppers with Disabilities Face

How easy your website is to use depends on its accessibility. So, what problems might prevent gift buyers with disabilities from becoming your customers?
- 20% had issues creating an account or logging in to the website.
- 39% couldn’t find the information they needed about a product or service.
- 38% had problems with online purchasing and couldn’t contact customer service for help.
- 28% couldn’t interact with the website to select the items they wanted.
- 25% had issues with checking out and completing the payment process.
The truth is that an accessible website isn’t just for people with disabilities; it benefits everyone. Features like intuitive navigation, readable text, keyboard navigation, and easily clickable buttons improve the user experience for all. For example, video captions not only help those with hearing impairments but also benefit users in a noisy environment or who prefer to read along. When your website is easy to use, you can expect higher conversion rates, which can make a big difference during holiday shopping.

Creating a Positive Brand Image

Your brand reputation is about the relationship you have with your customers and the promises you make every day. People want to shop at brands that share their values. They want to spend money with companies that are doing good in the world and taking a stand—whether it’s in sustainability, climate change, or digital accessibility.

According to a 2022 report from Google Cloud, shared values are more important to consumers than ever before. A striking 82% of shoppers prefer brands that align with their personal values. Even more telling, three out of four buyers said they’ve stopped supporting brands when their values didn’t match. Clearly, meeting these expectations is vital for building and maintaining customer loyalty.

Your website is a crucial part of your brand. It shows where you choose to invest your budget and whether you care about diversity and inclusion. It paints a clear picture of whether you care about creating an easy and accessible shopping experience. Are you creating a welcoming experience? Or are you causing frustration and losing out on a large, powerful customer base?

Higher Conversion Rates

Accessibility features can directly influence your sales. A well-designed site makes shopping easy, which reduces cart abandonment and increases completed purchases. In fact, a Forrester study found that accessible websites can increase online sales by up to 15%.

Features like intuitive navigation, alternative text for images, and clear call-to-action buttons attract more users and guide them through to purchase. The Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI) notes that accessible websites can reach up to 10% more customers and improve SEO.

Digital Accessibility is a Must-Have

Digital accessibility isn’t just about doing what’s right or keeping customers happy—it’s also a legal necessity. E-commerce websites face growing scrutiny, with web accessibility lawsuits on the rise. In 2023 alone, 4,605 web accessibility lawsuits were filed in both Federal and State Courts. The retail sector was hit the hardest, making up nearly 82% of all ADA-related web accessibility cases.

The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) requires businesses to provide equal access to their goods and services, extending beyond physical stores to include online spaces. Not meeting these standards can lead to expensive legal issues, harm your reputation, and weaken consumer trust. As you prepare your website for the holiday season, neglecting digital accessibility could expose your business to significant risks.

Prepare Your Website for the Holidays with 216digital

Preparing your e-commerce site for the holiday season means more than just stocking up on inventory and marketing deals. It’s about making sure your site is accessible to everyone. At 216digital, we specialize in helping e-commerce websites meet digital accessibility standards. From thorough audits to ongoing support and monitoring, we’re here to help you create an inclusive, user-friendly site.

Don’t wait until it’s too late to make your website accessible, or yule be sorry. The holiday rush is the perfect time to ensure your site welcomes all customers. With digital accessibility, you’re not only complying with the law—you’re setting your business up for success.
Greg McNeil

October 25, 2024

The Benefits of Web Accessibility

digital accessibility, ecommerce website, holiday promotions, Retail
Accessibility Tips for Post-Remediation Success
Hey, content creators! Now that you’ve made great strides in remediating your website for accessibility, it’s time to consider how to keep that momentum going. Creating accessible content isn’t just a one-time effort—it’s an ongoing process. Let’s dive into some best practices that will help your team consistently produce accessible content and ensure your website is welcoming to everyone.

Why Accessibility Matters

Let’s take a moment to understand why digital accessibility is so important. Accessibility means making your content usable for people with disabilities. This can include those who are blind, deaf, or have mobility challenges. When you prioritize accessibility, you’re not just meeting legal requirements but also reaching a wider audience and showing that you care about all your users. This can lead to increased engagement, better SEO, and a positive brand image.

Training Your Team

The first step in creating accessible content is training your team. Everyone involved in content creation needs to understand the basics of accessibility. Consider hosting regular workshops or training sessions to cover key topics. Here are some essential areas to focus on:

Writing Alternative Text

Alternative text, or alt text, is a crucial part of accessibility. It describes images for people who can’t see them. When creating content, ensure your team knows how to write compelling alt text. Here are some tips:
- Be Descriptive: Alt text should describe the image accurately. Instead of saying, “A dog,” say, “A golden retriever is playing fetch in the park.”
- Keep It Concise: Aim for around 125 characters. Be descriptive, but don’t overwhelm the reader.
- Skip Decorative Images: If an image is purely decorative and doesn’t add value to the content, it’s best to leave the alt text blank.
Ensuring Proper Heading Structures

Proper heading structures not only help with readability but are also vital for screen readers. When creating web content, remind your team to use headings hierarchically. Here’s how:
- Use H1 for Titles: The main title of your page should always be an H1 tag.
- H2 for Subheadings: Use H2 tags for major sections and H3 tags for subsections. This creates a clear outline for users and helps them navigate your content.
- Avoid Skipping Headings: Don’t jump from H1 to H4 without using H2 and H3. This can confuse users and screen readers.
Creating Accessible Documents

When creating downloadable content like PDFs or Word documents, keep accessibility in mind as well. Here are some tips:
- Use Headings and Styles: Just like web content, use headings in documents to help structure the information.
- Add Descriptive Links: Ensure that links are descriptive. Instead of saying “click here,” use phrases like “read our accessibility guide.”
- Check Reading Order: In PDFs, the reading order matters. Use accessibility features in your document software to ensure the content reads logically.
Ongoing Review and Feedback

Creating accessible content doesn’t stop once you’ve trained your team. It’s essential to implement an ongoing review process. Here’s how to keep improving:
- Peer Reviews
  - Encourage team members to review each other’s content for accessibility. A fresh set of eyes can catch mistakes that might have been missed. Create a checklist for peer reviews that includes items like alt text, heading structure, and color contrast.
- Feedback from Users
  - If possible, seek feedback from users with disabilities. Their insights can help you identify areas for improvement that you might have yet to consider.
- Stay Updated
  - Digital accessibility guidelines can evolve, so it’s essential to stay informed about best practices. Consider subscribing to accessibility blogs or joining professional organizations that focus on digital accessibility.
Wrapping Up

Accessibility isn’t a one-and-done task—it’s an ongoing commitment that helps you maintain a more inclusive and user-friendly website for everyone. Keeping your content accessible means continually refining your approach, training your team, and staying proactive with the latest best practices. But don’t worry, you don’t have to do it alone! Tools like a11y.Radar make it easier to stay on top of accessibility long after your initial remediation. With real-time monitoring, you can catch issues as they arise, ensuring your website remains compliant and welcoming to all users. So, keep the momentum going and know that you’re building not just a compliant site, but a better experience for every visitor.
Greg McNeil

October 24, 2024

How-to Guides, Web Accessibility Monitoring

a11y.Radar, Accessibility, Accessibility monitoring, Accessibility Remediation, Web Accessibility Remediation
ADA Compliance: What You Can and Can’t Control

Let’s be honest—navigating ADA compliance can feel like a lot, especially when you’re managing a busy website. But the good news? There are plenty of things you can control that will make your site more accessible to everyone. By taking a few simple steps, you’ll create a better experience for users, expand your audience, and avoid potential legal issues.

In this guide, we’ll break down what ADA compliance is, explore some actionable steps you can take, and cover ways to handle the parts that might be out of your control. So, let’s roll up our sleeves and dive in!

What is ADA Compliance?

ADA compliance refers to following the guidelines set by the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), which was established to protect the rights of individuals with disabilities. While the ADA initially focused on physical spaces, it now extends to digital spaces like websites.

In simple terms, ADA compliance ensures that your website is usable for everyone—including people with visual, auditory, physical, or cognitive disabilities. The ADA works hand-in-hand with the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG), which outline best practices for creating accessible digital content. Meeting these guidelines is not just about following the law; it’s about making your website open and welcoming to all users.

Website Design and Development

Making your website accessible starts with thoughtful design and smart development choices. Here’s how you can set the stage:

Use Semantic HTML

Think of HTML as your website’s blueprint. When it’s organized logically, it makes it easier for assistive technologies (like screen readers) to guide users through your site. Use clear headings, lists, and tags like <h1> for main headings and <h2> for subheadings. This way, your content isn’t just well-organized—it’s also easy for everyone to navigate.

Enable Keyboard Navigation

Not everyone uses a mouse to get around online, so make sure users can tab through your site smoothly. All interactive elements—buttons, forms, menus—should be accessible via keyboard alone. To test this, try navigating your site using only your keyboard. If you hit a dead end, that’s a sign something needs fixing.

Ensure Sufficient Color Contrast

Nobody wants to squint to read your content, especially users with visual impairments. Use strong color contrast between text and background, so everything is easy to read. The minimum recommended contrast ratio is 4.5:1 for regular text and 3:1 for larger text. Not sure if your colors are cutting it? Tools like WebAIM’s Contrast Checker can help you out.

Provide Descriptive Alt Text for Images

Images are great for grabbing attention, but if they’re not described properly, they can be a barrier for screen reader users. Make sure every image has alt text that explains what’s in the picture and why it’s there. Be descriptive—something like “Red winter coat with a 30% off discount tag” tells a much more straightforward story than just a “sale image.”

Ongoing Monitoring and Testing

Getting your website accessible isn’t a “set it and forget it” deal. It’s more of an ongoing process that keeps your site up to standard:

Conduct Regular Accessibility Audits

Use tools like WAVE or Lighthouse to scan your site regularly for potential accessibility issues. These tools are like your website’s personal trainers—they’ll point out areas that need improvement, like missing alt text or insufficient color contrast.

Engage in User Testing

Automated tools are great, but there’s no substitute for feedback from real users—especially those with disabilities. Invite them to test your site and pay close attention to what they say. Their insights can reveal accessibility gaps that you might not have noticed.

Content Management and Regular Updates

Content is a big part of ADA compliance. Here’s how to keep it accessible and user-friendly:

Provide Content in Accessible Formats

PDFs and Word files are common on websites, but they’re not always easy for assistive technologies to read. Try converting documents to HTML or using accessible PDF tools to ensure everyone can engage with your content.

Keep Content Updated

Just like fashion, accessibility standards change over time. Make a habit of revisiting older content—blog posts, documents, even videos—to ensure they still meet current accessibility standards.

Avoiding Overlays

It can be tempting to install a quick-fix accessibility overlay, especially if you’re short on time. But here’s the thing: overlays often don’t solve the real issues. In fact, they can create more problems for users who rely on assistive technology. The better approach? Make direct changes to your website’s code, design, and structure for more meaningful accessibility improvements.

What You Can’t Control: Third-Party Content and Vendors

Even if you make your website as accessible as possible, certain elements are out of your direct control. But don’t worry—there are still ways to manage these challenges:

Third-Party Plugins and Widgets

Plugins and widgets can boost your site’s functionality, but they can also introduce accessibility barriers. Before installing any third-party tools, check their accessibility features and look for compliance documentation.

Content Management Systems (CMS)

Depending on the CMS you’re using—like WordPress, Shopify, or Squarespace—you might run into accessibility limitations. Whenever possible, choose accessible themes and templates, and use plugins that enhance rather than hinder site accessibility.

Outsourced Web Development and Content Creation

If you hire developers or content creators, make sure ADA compliance is part of your project requirements. Set clear expectations and conduct follow-up audits to ensure everything meets accessibility standards.

User-Generated Content

Comments, reviews, and user-generated content are valuable for your site but can pose accessibility challenges. Moderate content when possible and encourage users to follow basic accessibility guidelines, like adding alt text to images they post.

Strategies for Managing What You Can’t Control

While some aspects are beyond your control, there are ways to work around them:

Vetting and Selecting Accessible Vendors

When choosing third-party vendors or services, go with those that have a reputation for accessibility. Look for vendors that provide compliance documentation and are willing to help with accessibility support.

Adding Disclaimers and Providing Alternatives

If you have third-party content that might not be fully accessible, consider adding a disclaimer to inform users. Offer alternatives, like accessible document formats or a contact method for users who need assistance.

Foster Communication and Collaboration

ADA compliance works best when everyone’s on the same page. Encourage open dialogue about accessibility with your team, developers, and third-party partners. When everyone understands its importance, it’s easier to make your site truly inclusive.

Conclusion

Making your website accessible doesn’t have to be intimidating. By focusing on what you can control and actively managing third-party elements, you can create a site that’s welcoming to everyone. Plus, it’s not just about avoiding legal risks—it’s about building a better experience for all your users.

So, take it one step at a time. As you make improvements, you’ll reach a wider audience and create a more inclusive online space. And if you’re unsure about where your site stands, don’t hesitate to reach out to experts like 216digital for a free accessibility review. You’ve got this!

Greg McNeil

October 23, 2024

How-to Guides, Testing & Remediation

Accessibility, ADA Compliance, ADA Website Compliance, Website Accessibility
ADA Lawsuits: How They’re Shaping the Internet
The Internet is an essential part of daily life. We shop, work, learn, and even socialize online. But for millions of people with disabilities, the digital world can feel like a locked door. That’s where the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) steps in. Originally designed to ensure access to physical spaces, the ADA is now playing a significant role in making sure the digital world is accessible to everyone.

Let’s dive into how ADA lawsuits are shaping the future of the Internet and why this movement towards web accessibility matters for all of us.

Why Web Accessibility Matters

Imagine trying to buy groceries online, book a doctor’s appointment, or read the news—but being unable to do so because the website isn’t accessible. This is the reality for many people with disabilities. Web accessibility aims to remove these barriers, making sure websites are usable by all, whether someone is blind, deaf, has limited mobility, or faces cognitive challenges.

It’s not just about compliance; it’s about creating a better experience for everyone. When websites are more accessible, they’re also more user-friendly. For example, features like closed captions help users with hearing impairments, but they’re also useful for anyone in a noisy environment.

How the ADA Applies to the Digital World

The ADA, passed in 1990, is a law meant to prevent discrimination against people with disabilities. While it initially focused on physical locations, it’s evolved to include digital spaces like websites, mobile apps, and online services.

Title III of the ADA requires “places of public accommodation” to be accessible. While that originally meant places like stores and restaurants, the DOJ published guidance in 2022 confirming its position that the ADA does apply to websites, stating:

“…the Department has consistently taken the position that the ADA’s requirements apply to all the goods, services, privileges, or activities offered by public accommodations, including those offered on the web.”

– U.S. Department of Justice | Guidance on Web Accessibility and the ADA (2022)

This shift is significant because it brings the same standards of accessibility that apply to physical spaces into the digital realm. If a website isn’t accessible, it could violate the ADA—leading to legal action.

Key Lawsuits Driving Change

Several high-profile lawsuits have set important legal precedents for web accessibility, encouraging businesses to prioritize digital inclusivity. Here are some of the most significant cases that have reshaped the digital landscape:

Robles v. Domino’s Pizza (2019)

In 2016, Guillermo Robles, a blind man, sued Domino’s Pizza because he couldn’t use their website or mobile app to order food. Robles relied on screen-reading software, but Domino’s website and app were not compatible with it, making the services inaccessible.

The case went through multiple courts, with Domino’s arguing that the ADA did not clearly apply to websites. However, the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals disagreed, stating that the ADA does cover websites and apps if they are closely tied to a physical location that serves the public. The U.S.

Supreme Court declined to review the case, effectively affirming the lower court’s ruling. This landmark case established a strong precedent that digital services must be accessible, especially if they’re an extension of a physical business.

Winn-Dixie Stores Inc. v. Gil (2017)

In 2016, Juan Carlos Gil, a blind man who uses screen-reading software, attempted to access the website of the grocery chain Winn-Dixie but found it was incompatible with his software. Unlike Robles v. Domino’s, Winn-Dixie had no functional website components for users to complete transactions online; however, the website did allow users to refill prescriptions, access coupons, and find store locations—services that were considered extensions of its physical stores.

The federal court sided with Gil, ruling that the website’s connection to the physical stores meant it had to comply with ADA requirements. Although the Eleventh Circuit later reversed this decision, arguing that websites themselves are not necessarily “places of public accommodation,” this case still sparked important conversations about digital accessibility. It highlighted that when a website is integral to a business’s services, it must meet accessibility standards.

Bashin v. ReserveCalifornia.com (2023)

Bryan Bashin, a blind user, filed a lawsuit against ReserveCalifornia.com, a state-run site responsible for booking campsites in California’s state parks. Bashin faced numerous challenges while using the website, including unlabelled buttons and forms that his screen reader couldn’t interpret. What made this case unique was that Bashin targeted not just the website itself, but also the state contractor responsible for the website’s development and maintenance.

This lawsuit emphasized the importance of holding government contractors accountable for digital accessibility, setting a new precedent. The court ruled in favor of Bashin, making it clear that not only are government-run websites subject to ADA compliance, but so are third-party developers who manage public websites. This ruling added new pressure on contractors and developers to implement accessibility features from the start, ensuring that websites are built with inclusivity in mind.

Evolving Legal Requirements for Web Accessibility

As the number of ADA lawsuits grows, so do the legal requirements for web accessibility. While there’s no one-size-fits-all standard, the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) have become the go-to benchmark. These guidelines are designed to make websites more usable for people with disabilities and cover areas like:
- Text Alternatives: Providing descriptive text for images, videos, and other non-text content.
- Keyboard Accessibility: Ensuring users can navigate sites using only a keyboard.
- Readable Fonts and Color Contrast: Make sure fonts are easy to read, and colors are distinguishable for people with vision impairments.
- Video Captions and Transcripts: Offering captions for videos and transcripts for audio content.
By aligning your website with these guidelines, you reduce the risk of legal challenges and create a better user experience for everyone.

How Businesses Are Adapting

As the legal landscape shifts, many businesses are taking proactive steps to ensure their websites comply with accessibility standards. Here are a few strategies they are employing:

Investing in Training and Resources

Many companies are now training their web development teams on accessibility standards. By understanding the principles of web accessibility, teams can create more inclusive websites from the ground up.

Conducting Accessibility Audits

Regular audits of websites can identify areas needing improvement. Companies are increasingly employing tools and experts to evaluate their sites against WCAG standards. This helps pinpoint issues like missing alt text or improper heading structures.

Integrating Accessibility Features from the Start

More businesses are making accessibility a priority during the design phase. This includes adding features such as keyboard navigation and ensuring that content is structured in an accessible way. By embedding these practices from the beginning, companies can avoid costly retrofits down the line.

Engaging with the Community

Some businesses are partnering with organizations that advocate for individuals with disabilities. By seeking feedback from actual users, they can better understand accessibility challenges and improve their websites accordingly. This not only leads to a better product but also fosters goodwill and loyalty among customers.

Long-Term Implications for the Future of the Internet

The growing emphasis on web accessibility has several long-term implications for the future of the Internet:

Increased Awareness of Inclusivity

As more companies recognize the importance of web accessibility, we will likely see a cultural shift in how businesses approach design and user experience. Prioritizing inclusivity can attract a broader audience and create loyal customers.

Legal Precedents Will Shape Standards

As more ADA lawsuits are filed, legal precedents will increasingly dictate what is considered acceptable in terms of web accessibility. Businesses will need to stay informed about these developments to avoid potential legal pitfalls.

Technological Advancements

The demand for accessible web design will likely spur innovation in technology and tools. We can expect new solutions that simplify the process of making websites accessible, from AI-driven accessibility checkers to improved assistive technologies.

A Culture of Accessibility

As web accessibility becomes a norm, future designers and developers will likely prioritize inclusivity from the outset. This could lead to a more inclusive internet overall, where all users can engage equally.

Conclusion

Web accessibility is reshaping the digital landscape, and it’s clear that the ADA’s influence is paving the way for a more inclusive internet. While compliance with these evolving standards may seem daunting, it’s ultimately about creating a digital environment where everyone can navigate and engage with ease. By enhancing accessibility, you’re not just adhering to legal requirements—you’re fostering a more user-friendly experience for all.

Instead of seeing accessibility as a burden, consider it an opportunity to make your website more welcoming and effective. It’s a chance to lead by example and demonstrate your commitment to inclusivity. If you’re curious about where your website stands, scheduling an ADA briefing with 216digital can be a great first step. Let’s shift the focus from obligation to opportunity, one accessible website at a time.
Greg McNeil

October 22, 2024

Legal Compliance, The Benefits of Web Accessibility

ADA, ADA Compliance, ADA Lawsuit, Web Accessibility
5 Accessibility Mistakes to Dodge This Holiday Season
Many eCommerce businesses make most of their income during the holiday shopping season, so your website must perform to the best of its ability during the Black Friday and Cyber Monday promotions. Web Accessibility is probably the last thing on your mind when you’re already in a frenzy to ensure you’re maximizing every visit to your website. However, you may be leaving money on the table or making yourself vulnerable to expensive litigation if you don’t stay diligent with your digital inclusivity.

For many customers—especially those with disabilities—shopping online is their primary option. If your website isn’t accessible, you’re alienating a significant portion of your audience (up to 20%) and potentially violating the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA).

To help you prepare for the holiday rush, let’s go over five common web accessibility mistakes businesses make during holiday promotions and how you can avoid them.

Insufficient Alt Text for Images

Holiday promotions often rely on eye-catching images, banners, and product displays. However, if those images lack appropriate alt text, customers using screen readers won’t be able to understand their content. Alt text (short for alternative text) provides a textual description of an image that’s accessible to screen reader users.

Why It Matters

Alt text is essential for individuals with visual impairments. If a visually impaired customer is browsing your site and encounters an image without a proper description, they’ll have no idea what’s being displayed. Imagine running a huge Black Friday sale, but your best deals are hidden from a portion of your audience simply because your images aren’t described.

How to Fix It

As you add promotional banners and products to the website, always make sure you’re adding alt text to the images. Here’s an example:
```
<img src=" winter-sale-banner.jpg" alt=" Banner for Winter Sale - Up to 50% off jackets and coats">
```
Do not use image file names or vague text such as “sale-img” or “Sale Image”. Make sure the alt text contains enough information that the user understands the purpose of the image and contains any words that appear on the image.

Poor Color Contrast

With holiday promotions comes festive design—bright colors, eye-catching buttons, and themed decorations. While these designs may look great, they often fail color contrast standards. Having adequate color contrast is not only good for color-blind users, but it also makes the website easier for everyone to navigate.

Why It Matters

According to WCAG, the minimum contrast ratio between text and background should be at least 4.5:1 for normal text and 3:1 for larger text. When the contrast is too low, customers with low vision or color blindness may struggle to read important information, such as product details or discount codes.

How to Fix It

Use tools like the WebAIM Contrast Checker to ensure your color choices meet the WCAG contrast ratio guidelines. For example, a light gray text on a white background will likely fail the contrast test, but switching to a darker gray or black can make a big difference.

Here’s an example of a common mistake and how to correct it:
```

<p style="color: #cccccc; background-color: #ffffff;">50% off all products!</p>

<p style="color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff;">50% off all products!</p>
```
Pay attention to your text color, button colors, and even the contrast of smaller elements like icons.

InaccessibleNavigation and Controls

Most store owners don’t consider that some users do not navigate their website with a mouse. Even some users without disabilities prefer to use other input methods to quickly navigate some sections of your website.

Why It Matters

Blind and motor-impaired users rely on the keyboard, gestures, or voice commands to navigate your website. If your navigation, contact forms, category filters, and product pages are not properly coded to support these input methods, these users will be denied equal access to the website and may not be able to make a purchase with you at all, losing you a valuable customer and potentially damaging your reputation.

How to Fix It

Regularly test the functional portions of your website with a keyboard. Attempt to start at the homepage, navigate to a category page, use the category filters, add/remove product quantities, and select product options without your mouse. If you encounter a problem with an element, it’s likely not coded using the correct element. You can force an element to receive keyboard focus using the tabindex attribute. The role="button" attribute will help users navigating with assistive technology better understand the purpose of the control:
```
<span class="swatch-button" tabindex="0" role="button">Beige</span>
```
Better yet, use the correct semantic HTML tag to accomplish this:
```
<button class="swatch-button">Beige</button>
```
Semantic HTML helps users relying on assistive technology understand the purpose of controls and also helps Google better understand the structure of your website:
```
<nav>
	<a href="/products">All products</a>
	<a href="/products/sale">Sale products</a>
	<a href="/contact">Contact Us</a>
</nav>
```
Missing Captions on Promotional Videos

Videos are an excellent way to showcase products, promote deals, or explain services during the holiday season. However, many businesses forget to include captions, making the content inaccessible to users who are deaf or hard of hearing.

Why It Matters

Videos contain a lot of important information in the form of spoken words and visual cues. Both blind and deaf users rely on accessible closed captions (not just subtitles) to understand the content of the video. Also, some users may be in noisy environments and are unable to hear the video.

How to Fix It

Most popular video platforms have auto-captioning features, but these tend to just subtitle the video rather than create truly accessible closed captions. There are many cheap and easy closed captioning services, such as Rev.com, that have quick turnarounds.

Here’s how you implement closed captions from an external service:
```
 <video controls>
  <source src="promo-video.mp4" type="video/mp4">
  <track kind="captions" src="captions_en.vtt" srclang="en" label="English">
  Your browser does not support the video tag.
</video>
```
Always test the captions to make sure they sync properly with the video and cover both spoken dialogue and important sound effects.

Over-reliance on Automated Accessibility Overlays

It might seem tempting to use automated accessibility overlays, especially during the hectic holiday season. These are often marketed as one-click solutions to make your website accessible. The Department of Justice has issued clear guidance that these solutions are inadequate in addressing web accessibility, and they may get you targeted with litigation.

Why It Matters

Automated accessibility overlays claim to fix all accessibility issues on a website, but they usually fail to address the root problems. Blind users are outspoken that they dislike these solutions as they tend to interfere with the assistive technologies they’re already comfortable with. We’ve also seen these solutions specifically called out in lawsuits as a reason for being targeted.

How to Fix It

The best way to ensure your site is accessible is by addressing the core issues in your code and design. Automated tools can help identify problems, but manual reviews and fixes are essential. Invest in manual audits and focus on meeting the WCAG guidelines through thoughtful design and coding practices.

Here’s an example of using a reliable method instead of relying on an
```

<img src= "holiday-product.jpg" alt= "Red winter coat with a 30% off discount tag">
```
Automated tools tend to use AI to label images and controls and often misrepresent content on the website, leading to a potentially overtly harmful experience.

Conclusion

As you gear up for holiday promotions, make sure accessibility is at the top of your checklist. By avoiding these common mistakes—insufficient alt text, poor color contrast, inaccessible navigation, missing captions, and over-reliance on automated tools—you’ll ensure that your website is welcoming and easy to use for everyone.

Not only does improving web accessibility help you reach a wider audience, but it also protects your business from legal risks and ensures compliance with WCAG and ADA standards. Taking the time to implement these changes now will pay off during the holiday rush and beyond.

If you’re unsure about the accessibility of your site, reach out to 216digital using the contact form below for a free evaluation.
Bobby

October 21, 2024

How-to Guides, Legal Compliance

holiday promotions, How-to, web development, Website Accessibility
How Semantic HTML Improves Your Accessibility & SEO
When creating a website, it’s easy to get caught up in how it looks and how it functions. But have you ever paused to think about how your website is structured behind the scenes? If you’re simply filling your code with <div> and <span> tags, you might be missing an opportunity to make your site better—not just for search engines, but for users, too.

Semantic HTML is more than just good coding practice; it’s a way to make your website more accessible and easier for search engines to understand. This isn’t just about technicalities—it’s about creating a smoother, more meaningful experience for your visitors. Whether you’re a seasoned developer or just starting out, understanding and implementing semantic HTML can make a real difference in how people interact with your site, especially those using assistive technologies.

In this article, we’ll explore what semantic HTML is, why it matters, and how it can improve both accessibility and SEO. We’ll also touch on practical tips, common mistakes to avoid, and how semantic HTML aligns with Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) to make your site more inclusive.

What is Semantic HTML?

Let’s start with the basics. Semantic HTML refers to using HTML tags that have a specific meaning or role within the webpage. These elements are not just for visual structure; they provide information about the type of content within them, helping browsers and assistive technologies (like screen readers) better understand your webpage’s layout and content.

Here are some common semantic HTML tags:
- <header>: Represents the introductory content, often containing the website’s logo or navigation links.
- <nav>: Defines a set of navigation links that help users explore your site.
- <article>: Used for standalone content that could be reused or distributed, such as blog posts.
- <section>: Groups related content together thematically, often with its own heading.
By contrast, non-semantic elements like <div> and <span> don’t convey any meaning other than being containers. While they still have their place, relying solely on them can make your website harder to navigate for both users and search engines.

Why Semantic HTML is Critical for Accessibility

When we talk about accessibility, we’re referring to making sure that your website can be used by everyone, including people with disabilities. Many users rely on assistive technologies like screen readers, which read the content of a webpage out loud. Screen readers depend on the proper use of semantic HTML to interpret the structure of a page.

For example, a screen reader can easily understand what a <header> or <nav> tag is, allowing users to navigate your website more efficiently. If you use a <div> for everything, the screen reader has no idea whether it’s a section of text, a navigation menu, or a footer. This makes the browsing experience confusing and frustrating for users with disabilities.

Helping Screen Readers Navigate Your Website

One of the primary ways semantic HTML improves accessibility is by helping screen readers announce different sections of your website. For example, if you have a blog post wrapped in an <article> tag, the screen reader can announce to the user that they’re about to read an article.

Let’s compare:

Non-Semantic Example:
```
<div class="blog-post">My First Blog Post</div>
```
Semantic Example:
```
<article>My First Blog Post</article>
```
The second example clearly defines that the content is an article. Assistive technologies will pick up on this and offer better navigation and context for the user.

Structured Navigation for All Users

Another advantage of using semantic HTML is structured navigation. Tags like <nav>, <header>, and <footer> help screen readers understand the hierarchy of the page. When users rely on a screen reader to navigate, they can quickly jump to important sections like the navigation bar or the main content by skipping through these well-defined landmarks.

Imagine navigating a website by ear, trying to figure out where the navigation menu ends and where the main content begins—without semantic HTML, it’s a guessing game.

How Semantic HTML Improves SEO

The benefits of semantic HTML don’t stop at accessibility—it also plays a key role in your site’s search engine optimization (SEO). Google and other search engines rely on web crawlers to analyze your site, and these crawlers can better understand the context and structure of your content when you use semantic HTML.

Better Crawling and Indexing

Search engines are smart, but they can’t interpret your content as humans do. Using semantic HTML helps them figure out what each part of your page represents. For instance, wrapping your blog posts in <article> tags signals to search engines that this content is an article, making it easier for them to understand and categorize.

This is how semantic HTML can help with SEO:
- Improved Indexing: Using proper semantic tags can lead to better indexing, as search engines can more easily understand the structure of your content.
- Rich Snippets: Semantic HTML can improve the likelihood of your site showing up with rich snippets in search results, such as a featured article or recipe, depending on the content.
- Enhanced SEO Ranking: Google prioritizes websites that offer a good user experience. Since semantic HTML improves navigation for all users, including those using assistive technologies, your site is more likely to be seen as user-friendly, boosting your SEO.
Best Practices for Using Semantic HTML

Ready to start using semantic HTML? Here are some best practices to keep in mind:

Use the Right Tag for the Right Purpose

Each semantic HTML tag has a specific use, and you should apply them where they belong. For example:
- Use <header> for the top section of your page that contains headings or introductory content.
- Use <nav> for navigation links, not just random lists of links.
- Use <article> for blog posts or other standalone content.
- Use <section> to group related content, and <footer> for the bottom of your page.
Avoid Overusing <div> and <span>

While <div> and <span> are useful for general-purpose containers, overusing them can result in a loss of meaning in your page structure. Whenever possible, replace them with more descriptive elements like <section>, <aside>, or <figure>.

Combine Semantic HTML with ARIA Roles

In some cases, ARIA (Accessible Rich Internet Applications) roles can complement semantic HTML by providing additional context. For example, adding role="navigation" to a <nav> element makes it even clearer that the content is meant for navigation. Just be careful not to rely on ARIA roles as a substitute for semantic HTML—they should be used to enhance, not replace.

Align with WCAG Guidelines

WCAG offer clear recommendations on how to make your content accessible. One of their core principles is ensuring that content is perceivable and navigable by assistive technologies, which is where semantic HTML shines.
- WCAG 1.3.1 (Info and Relationships): This guideline emphasizes the importance of using semantic elements so that content can be understood by assistive technologies.
- WCAG 2.4.1 (Bypass Blocks): Using semantic HTML makes it easier for users with disabilities to bypass repetitive content and jump straight to the main sections, such as navigation menus or headers.
Common Mistakes to Avoid

While semantic HTML is straightforward, there are a few common mistakes that developers often make. Avoid these pitfalls to ensure your content is both accessible and SEO-friendly:
- Overuse of <div> and <span>: These tags should be used sparingly and only when no other semantic element fits. Overloading your page with <div> tags makes it hard for search engines and screen readers to understand your content.
- Forgetting to Add Alt Text: While it’s not directly related to semantic HTML, always remember to add alt attributes to your images. This ensures that screen readers can describe your images to visually impaired users, further enhancing accessibility.
- Misusing ARIA: ARIA attributes are great when used correctly, but they should only be applied when there’s no semantic HTML option available. Overusing or misapplying ARIA can lead to confusion and even reduce accessibility.
Examples of Effective and Ineffective Link Text

Semantic HTML also plays a role in creating meaningful link text, which is crucial for both accessibility and SEO. Here are some examples:

Ineffective Link Text
```
<a href="https://example.com">Click here</a>
```
This link doesn’t tell the user what they’re clicking on, which is confusing for screen readers and doesn’t provide context for search engines.

Effective Link Text
```
<a href="https://example.com">Read our guide on semantic HTML</a>
```
This example clearly indicates the content of the linked page, which is helpful for screen readers and improves SEO.

Conclusion

Semantic HTML isn’t just a coding technique—it’s a way to make the web more understandable, usable, and welcoming for everyone. By using the right tags, you’re not just making your site easier to navigate for search engines; you’re improving the experience for people who rely on assistive technologies. The impact goes beyond lines of code—it’s about making the web a better place for all users.

If you’re looking to enhance your site’s accessibility or simply want a clearer path to SEO success, start by rethinking your HTML structure. It’s a small change that can make a big difference. And if you’re unsure where to begin, 216digital can help. Schedule an ADA briefing with us to see how better accessibility can turn into a real opportunity for your business.
Greg McNeil

October 18, 2024

How-to Guides

How-to, HTML, semantic HTML, WCAG, Web Accessibility, web development
Shifting the Mindset Around Website Accessibility
When you think of “website accessibility,” what immediately comes to mind? For many, it may sound like a checkbox to mark off. But what if we transformed that mindset from an obligation to a valuable opportunity? Let’s delve into how shifting our perspective on accessibility can lead to enhanced experiences for all and generate significant value for businesses.

The Current Mindset Around Website Accessibility

Many website owners and content creators now think of web accessibility as something they “have to do.” It’s often seen as a set of rules to follow—like ensuring websites meet legal requirements or comply with the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). While meeting these standards is important, viewing accessibility solely as a legal obligation misses the bigger picture.

Accessibility isn’t just about rules; it’s about making digital spaces welcoming for all. This includes people with disabilities who may use screen readers or other assistive technologies. When we think of it this way, we can start to see how accessibility can enhance the overall user experience, benefiting everyone—not just those with disabilities.

The Value of Accessibility for All Users

Imagine visiting a website that’s easy to navigate, with clear text and helpful features. Sounds great, right? That’s what accessibility brings—it makes online experiences better for everyone. When websites are designed with accessibility in mind, they become more user-friendly. This means people of all ages and abilities can find what they need quickly and easily.

Think about a busy parent holding a baby in one arm and trying to use your site with one hand. Designs that make it easier to navigate with a keyboard or have larger buttons help them, just like they help users with motor difficulties.

By embracing accessibility, you’re improving the experience for everyone. This leads to happier users, longer visits to your site, and more people doing what you hope they will—like making a purchase or signing up for a newsletter. When customers find your website easy to use, they’re more likely to come back and tell others about it.

So, accessibility isn’t just about helping people with disabilities; it’s about enhancing the experience for everyone who visits your site.

Accessibility as a Business Opportunity

Now, let’s talk business. Making your website accessible isn’t just the right thing to do; it’s also a smart move. When you make your site easy for everyone to use, you show that your brand cares about inclusivity. This can boost your reputation and attract more customers.

Market Potential

Consider the market potential. People with disabilities have significant spending power. In the United States alone, they have an estimated $490 billion to spend. Globally, when you include their friends and families, this amount rises to an astounding $8 trillion, according to the Return on Disability Group. By making your website accessible, you’re reaching a market that’s often overlooked.

Search Engine Optimization

Accessibility also helps with search engine optimization (SEO), meaning your site can rank higher in search results. Many accessibility best practices—like using alt text for images, clear link texts, and well-structured content—also make your site easier for search engines to understand. This can lead to more people visiting your site, which can turn into increased sales and sign-ups.

Mitigate Legal Risk

Lawsuits related to web accessibility are on the rise. In the U.S., the number of ADA Title III lawsuits filed in federal court increased by over 100% from 2018 to 2023, according to Useablenet. By proactively addressing accessibility, you not only avoid potential legal costs but also demonstrate corporate responsibility, appealing to a broader audience and opening doors to new partnerships.

Accessibility, Innovation, and Creativity for Problem Solving

When we focus on accessibility, we often think about making things easier for people with disabilities. But what if we turned that around? Working on accessibility can spark new ideas and creativity within your team. This can lead to solutions that help all users and make your brand stand out.

Some of today’s most popular technologies, like voice assistants and text messaging, were first developed to help people with disabilities but are now used by everyone. Designing with accessibility in mind encourages teams to think outside the box. For example, adding captions to videos not only helps those with hearing impairments but also makes your content more engaging and improves SEO.

In a competitive market, new ideas are crucial to staying ahead. Accessibility challenges your team to consider different perspectives and needs. This can lead to fresh ideas and solutions that set your business apart.

Connecting Accessibility with Corporate Social Responsibility

Today’s consumers care about more than just the products they buy—they also care about the impact companies have on society. By focusing on web accessibility, you can strengthen your company’s commitment to social responsibility. It shows that you value diversity and inclusion, which can connect with customers who want to support businesses that share their values.

A study by Cone Communications found that 87% of consumers would buy from a company that supports an issue they care about, and 76% would stop buying if they found out a brand acted against their beliefs. By making accessibility a priority, you’re showing a commitment to inclusion, which resonates with values-driven consumers.

Accessibility isn’t just the right thing to do; it’s an important part of modern business ethics. It sends a message that your company wants to make a positive difference.

From “Why” to “How”: Putting Website Accessibility into Action

Changing how we view accessibility—from a duty to an opportunity—requires a new approach. By prioritizing web accessibility, your business can create better digital experiences for everyone while boosting your reputation and expanding your reach.

So, how do you begin? Start small but think big:
- Share Real-Life Stories: Use videos or testimonials that show how people with disabilities interact with digital content. Real stories have a way of making abstract concepts tangible. Seeing the difference their work makes can inspire your team to think creatively about building more accessible features.
- Foster Cross-Department Collaboration: Accessibility should be a shared responsibility. Bring together designers, developers, marketers, and content creators to ensure accessibility is part of every stage of a project. This holistic approach helps create a seamless, inclusive experience for users.
- Integrate Accessibility Into Your Core Strategy: Make accessibility a crucial part of your business strategy and product development. Don’t treat it as an add-on or afterthought. Prioritize accessibility from the beginning of your planning process—whether it’s for a website redesign, a new product launch, or a marketing campaign.
- Keep Accessibility Up to Date: Accessibility isn’t a one-time effort. Schedule regular audits to review your website, apps, and other digital content. Stay informed about changing accessibility standards and emerging best practices to make sure you’re continually improving.
Ready to take the next step? Schedule an ADA briefing with 216digital today. Our experts will walk you through the essentials of web accessibility, help identify gaps, and show you how it can become a key driver of growth for your business. Let’s turn this obligation into a lasting opportunity!
Greg McNeil

October 17, 2024

The Benefits of Web Accessibility

Accessibility, ADA Compliance, SEO, UX, WCAG, Website Accessibility
Retail Accessibility: Avoiding Common Pitfalls
The internet is overflowing with retail opportunities, but one crucial element often gets overlooked: accessibility. For online retailers, making your website accessible isn’t just about complying with legal requirements—it’s about expanding your customer base and delivering a better shopping experience for everyone. So, how can you ensure your online store is open to all shoppers and avoid common accessibility pitfalls? Let’s dive into the essentials.

Why Accessibility Matters for Online Retailers

Web accessibility means making sure everyone, including people with disabilities, can easily use and navigate your site. In the world., about 15% of the population lives with some form of disability. By ensuring your website is accessible, you’re tapping into a market with immense buying power—people with disabilities control over $6 trillion in spending globally!

But beyond opening your business to a broader audience, accessibility is also about staying compliant with laws like the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). In 2023, 82% of ADA lawsuits were related to web accessibility issues in the retail industry, affecting both large and small businesses alike. If your website isn’t accessible, you’re not just missing out on customers—you could also be facing legal risks.

The Web Accessibility Guidelines

The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) are the foundation for creating an accessible website. These guidelines revolve around four main principles, often referred to as POUR:
- Perceivable: Content must be presented in a way that all users can perceive, whether visually or audibly.
- Operable: Your site should be fully navigable, whether users are using a mouse, keyboard, or assistive technologies.
- Understandable: Your content should be easy to comprehend and navigate.
- Robust: Your website should work well with a variety of assistive tools, like screen readers.
For retailers, aiming for WCAG 2.1 Level AA compliance is a great starting point, and it’s the level referenced by most legal frameworks for web accessibility.

Steps for Online Retailers to Improve Accessibility Right Now

Improving your website’s accessibility might sound like a big task, but it’s more manageable than you think. Here are some quick and effective steps to make your site web accessible:

Auditing Retail Sites for Accessibility Issues

The first step is knowing where your site stands. Start with automated tools like Lighthouse or WAVE to flag common issues, such as missing image descriptions or poor color contrast. Then, dive deeper with manual testing, working with accessibility experts to uncover more subtle barriers, like challenges with forms or navigation.

Make Visual Content Accessible

People with visual impairments rely on alt text to understand images, so be sure to include detailed alt descriptions for all meaningful visuals. For example, instead of a vague description like “product,” use something more specific like “Blue ceramic coffee mug with a handle.” This simple change helps users with screen readers understand what’s being shown.

Don’t forget about video content! WCAG guidelines require captions for pre-recorded audio in videos. Ensure that auto-generated captions, like those from YouTube, are accurate, and provide transcripts for podcasts to make all media accessible.
```
<img src="coffee-mug.jpg" alt="Blue ceramic coffee mug with a handle">
<video controls>
  <track kind="captions" src="captions_en.vtt" srclang="en" label="English">
</video>
```
Optimize Website Navigation and Structure

Some users navigate your site without a mouse, relying solely on their keyboard. Make sure your site can be fully navigated using just a keyboard, with elements like menus, buttons, and forms accessible through “tab” key navigation. Also, ensure every interactive element has a visible focus indicator, like a border around buttons or links, so users can easily see where they are on the page.
```
button:focus, a:focus {
  outline: 2px solid #ffcc00; /* Provides a visible focus indicator */
}
```
Improve Form Accessibility

Checkout forms can be a stumbling block for accessibility, especially if they aren’t screen reader-friendly. Make sure all form fields have clear labels and that error messages don’t rely solely on color. For example, instead of just using a red outline to indicate a required field, include a text message like “This field is required” to make the error clear for all users.
```
<form>
  <label for="email">Email:</label>
  <input type="email" id="email" name="email" required>
  <span class="error" role="alert">This field is required</span>
</form>
```
The Retail Shopping and Checkout Process

Imagine trying to check out but not knowing where you are in the process—frustrating, right? Break your checkout process into clear, labeled steps and ensure it’s compatible with assistive technologies. Also, consider adding alternative payment methods like PayPal, Google Pay, or Apple Pay to improve usability for all customers.

To meet WCAG SC 2.4.4 standards, you can use visual breadcrumbs or progress indicators to let users know where they are in the checkout process.
```
<nav aria-label="Breadcrumb">
  <ol>
    <li><a href="/cart">Cart</a></li>
    <li><a href="/shipping">Shipping</a></li>
    <li aria-current="page">Payment</li>
  </ol>
</nav>
```
Implement ARIA Landmarks and Roles

ARIA (Accessible Rich Internet Applications) landmarks and roles help assistive technologies identify key sections of your page. For instance, wrapping your site’s header in a role="banner" helps screen readers identify it as the main header, making it easier for users to navigate through your site.
```
<header role="banner">
  <nav role="navigation">
    <ul>
      <li><a href="/home">Home</a></li>
      <li><a href="/products">Products</a></li>
    </ul>
  </nav>
</header>
```
Testing and Ongoing Monitoring for Retailers

Web accessibility isn’t a one-time fix—it’s an ongoing process. Retail websites are constantly changing. Regular testing and monitoring are essential to ensuring that those updates or changes to your site don’t introduce new accessibility barriers. Tools like 216digital’s a11y.Radar can help you stay on top of accessibility issues with automated scans and detailed reports, making it easier to maintain a compliant and user-friendly website as new content is added.

Partnering with Accessibility Experts

If all of this sounds overwhelming, you don’t have to go it alone. Partnering with accessibility experts can fast-track your progress. Whether you need a thorough audit, code remediation, or ongoing support, companies like 216digital specialize in helping retail sites meet web accessibility standards. They can ensure your site is not only compliant but also delivers a seamless, enjoyable shopping experience for all users.

Accessibility Overlays: A Quick Fix or a Long-Term Solution?

You might have heard about accessibility overlays—tools that promise a quick fix for all your accessibility needs. While these overlays might sound tempting, they often fall short. Overlays can miss deeper, underlying issues with your website’s code and design, leaving you vulnerable to ADA lawsuits. In fact, 933 companies were sued last year after installing overlay solutions and many accessibility experts caution against relying on them as a long-term solution.

Instead, focus on making meaningful changes to your website’s design and functionality. Overlays might be a temporary patch, but they shouldn’t replace a full accessibility strategy.

Check Accessibility Off Your Shopping List

By making your website accessible, you’ll not only increase your customer base but also create a better shopping experience for everyone. Accessibility is a journey, and it’s one worth taking. Follow the steps outlined above, test your site regularly, and don’t hesitate to partner with experts to ensure your site stays compliant and user-friendly.

To help you get started on the right path, consider scheduling an ADA briefing with 216digital. Our team of experts can walk you through the latest accessibility guidelines, provide actionable insights, and show you how to ensure your site complies with ADA standards.

Online shopping should be for everyone, so let’s make it happen together!
Greg McNeil

October 16, 2024

How-to Guides, Legal Compliance, WCAG Compliance

Accessibility, ADA Compliance, ADA Website Compliance, ecommerce website, Retail, WCAG
The Dos and Don’ts of Using Tabindex
Running a website, whether for an online store or a blog, means thinking about your users—including making your site accessible to everyone. You want as many people as possible to engage with your site, and that includes those who rely on keyboard navigation or assistive technologies.

One minor but powerful way to improve web accessibility is by using the tabindex attribute. Let’s take a closer look at the tabindex attribute, how it works, and why it’s essential for making your website more user-friendly and accessible.

What Is the Tabindex Attribute?

The tabindex attribute is an HTML attribute that helps control the order in which users can move between interactive elements—like links, buttons, and form fields—using just the keyboard. For users who either can’t or prefer not to use a mouse, the ability to navigate a site using the “Tab” key is essential. This group includes people with motor disabilities, vision impairments, or even people using devices where a mouse isn’t an option.

When you press the Tab key, your focus (i.e., where your keyboard inputs go) jumps to the next interactive element on the page. By default, browsers follow a logical order based on the structure of the page’s HTML, starting from the top of the page and moving down. But sometimes, you’ll want to fine-tune that order, and this is where the tabindex attribute comes into play.

How Does Tabindex Work?

There are a few different values you can assign to the tabindex attribute, each of which affects how elements are navigated:
- tabindex= "0": This means the element will follow the natural tab order as defined by the document’s structure, but it ensures that the element is focusable.
- tabindex= "-1": This removes an element from the tab order, making it not focusable via the keyboard, but it can still be focused by other methods (like using JavaScript). This is useful for things like modal windows, which you only want to be accessible in specific scenarios.
- Positive tabindex values (e.g., tabindex= "1" ): Using positive values lets you create a custom tab order. Only use positive tabindex values if you know what you’re doing!
Best Practices for Using Tabindex

If you’re new to using the tabindex attribute, it might seem simple at first glance, but there are a few essential best practices to follow. These will help you avoid common pitfalls and ensure your site remains accessible and easy to navigate.

Stick to tabindex= "0" for Most Cases

When you want to make an element focusable, it’s almost always best to use tabindex= "0". This keeps the element in the natural tab order, ensuring users can move through the page logically. Using higher positive values to create a custom order can confuse users, especially those using assistive technologies like screen readers.

Here’s an example of how to use tabindex= “0”:
```
<div role="button" tabindex="0">Submit</div>
<a tabindex="0">Learn more</a>
```
Use tabindex= "-1" for Hidden or Conditional Elements

Some elements shouldn’t be part of the regular tab order until they’re needed. For example, if you have a modal that opens up after a button is clicked, it doesn’t make sense for a modal to be focusable before it’s visible. This is where tabindex= "-1" is useful.

Here’s how you might use it for a modal:
```
<div id="myModal" tabindex="-1">
  <p>This is a modal window.</p>
  <button>Close</button>
</div>
```
When the modal is triggered (through JavaScript), you can set focus to it programmatically:
```
document.getElementById('myModal').focus();
```
This ensures the modal is accessible when needed without cluttering the tab order when it’s not.

Test Your Website with Keyboard-Only Navigation

A simple but effective way to check if your tabindex usage is on point is to navigate your site using only the keyboard. Press the Tab key to move forward through the interactive elements, and use Shift+Tab to go backward. Does everything flow smoothly? If you find yourself jumping around the page or missing critical elements, it might be time to revisit your tab order.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

While the tabindex attribute is incredibly useful, it’s also easy to misuse. Here are some common mistakes you’ll want to steer clear of:

Overusing Positive Tabindex Values

It might be tempting to assign custom tab orders everywhere, but overdoing it can lead to a confusing and inconsistent experience. Stick with the natural tab order unless you have a compelling reason to change it.

Skipping Interactive Elements

Make sure that all essential interactive elements—like buttons, form fields, and links—are keyboard-focusable. You don’t want users who rely on keyboard navigation to miss important parts of your site because they’ve been removed from the tab order.

Using Tabindex Instead of Proper HTML

It’s always best to use semantic HTML first. Instead of creating a clickable div with a tabindex= "0", use an actual <button> or <a> element. Not only does this help with accessibility, but it also provides better browser support and consistency across devices.

How Does Tabindex Relate to Web Accessibility Guidelines?

You’ve probably heard of the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) if you’ve been reading up on accessibility. These guidelines are designed to make web content more accessible to people with disabilities, and they’re the foundation of legal requirements like the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA).

When it comes to keyboard navigation, WCAG has some specific guidelines that tabindex helps address:
- WCAG 2.1.1 Keyboard: All site functionality should be operable through a keyboard interface.
- WCAG 2.4.3 Focus Order: Navigating through content should follow a logical order that doesn’t confuse the user.
Using tabindex correctly is a step toward ensuring that your website meets these standards, helping you create a more inclusive and legally compliant experience.

Tabbing It All Together

The tabindex attribute is a powerful yet often overlooked tool in web accessibility. When used correctly, it not only aids users with visual or motor impairments but also enhances the overall user experience for everyone navigating your site. Ensuring that your website is accessible isn’t just about compliance with standards like WCAG and ADA—it’s about making your content reachable and usable for all.

Ready to make your website more inclusive and user-friendly? Schedule an ADA briefing with 216digital today. Our team of experts will guide you through the nuances of web accessibility, helping you implement best practices like proper tabindex usage. Let us help you create a more inclusive and legally compliant digital space.
Bobby

October 15, 2024

How-to Guides

Accessibility, ADA Compliance, How-to, tabindex, WCAG, web development
Why ‘Click Here’ Hurts Your Website’s Accessibility
If you’ve spent any time browsing the web, you’ve probably come across links like “click here” or “read more.” While these phrases seem simple enough, they can actually be confusing or even frustrating—especially for people using screen readers to navigate a site. That’s where descriptive link text comes in. It’s essential for making websites more accessible to everyone, including those with disabilities. So, let’s dive into why using meaningful link text is so important and how you can write it to improve both web accessibility and overall user experience.

What is Descriptive Link Text?

Descriptive link text is just what it sounds like—clickable text that clearly explains what the link is for. Instead of generic phrases like “click here” or “read more,” a good descriptive link gives enough context so users know exactly where the link will take them. This is a win for all users but especially important for people with disabilities who rely on screen readers to navigate the web.

Imagine trying to navigate a website where every link says “click here.” For someone using a screen reader, that’s a frustrating experience because they have no clue where any of those links will lead. Descriptive link text fixes that by making sure all users, no matter how they access the web, have a clear, easy-to-understand experience.

Why “Click Here” and “Read More” Are Problematic

Using generic phrases like “click here” or “read more” might seem harmless, but they can actually create confusion. When someone using a screen reader encounters a page full of links that all say “click here,” they’re left with no context about where the links go or what they do. It’s like being handed a bunch of blank signposts with no labels.

Let’s take a look at an example:
- Bad Link: Click here to read more.
- Better Link: Learn more about our services.
In the second example, the user knows exactly what they’re clicking on, which makes the experience more apparent and more helpful, especially for people using screen readers.

Empty Links and Their Impact on Accessibility

Another issue when it comes to web accessibility is empty links. An empty link is one that has no text or meaningful content for a screen reader to announce. For people using screen readers, these links are useless—they navigate to them but get no information about what they do. And for those using keyboard navigation, empty links can be frustrating roadblocks.

To avoid this, always make sure your links contain text, or if you’re using an image as a link, ensure there’s alternative text (alt text) that clearly describes what the link does.

How Descriptive Link Text Boosts Accessibility

One of the best things about the web is its potential to be accessible to everyone. But if we don’t put some thought into how we design and label things like links, we end up excluding a lot of people. Descriptive link text makes websites more accessible and improves the overall user experience in a few key ways:
- Clarity for Screen Reader Users: Screen readers read links out loud. If the link text is too vague, it isn’t very clear. Descriptive text helps users know exactly what to expect before they click.
- Better Navigation: Clear, simple language helps everyone, especially users with cognitive disabilities or learning differences, by reducing the mental effort needed to figure out what a link does.
- Faster Browsing: Descriptive links let users quickly scan a page and understand where each link will take them. This makes it easier for everyone to find what they’re looking for without guessing.
WCAG Guidelines for Descriptive Links

The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) provide a set of best practices for making the web usable by everyone. According to WCAG SC 2.4.4 Link Purpose, each link should make its purpose clear, either from the link text itself or from its surrounding context.

Here are a few essential tips from WCAG on how to write compelling link text:
- Be Concise and Relevant: Your link text should be short but informative. Don’t go overboard, but include enough detail so users know where they’re headed.
  - Example: Instead of “click here for more,” try “Learn more about accessible landmarks.“
- Skip the Redundancies: You don’t need to add words like “link” or “website” to your link text. Screen readers already announce that it’s a link, so saying “click here to visit the website” is unnecessary. Just say, “Visit our website.“
- Avoid Empty Links: Every link should have meaningful content. Empty links are confusing and serve no functional purpose for users navigating with keyboards or screen readers.
Examples of Effective and Ineffective Link Text
- Ineffective Link Text:
  - Click here
  - Read more
  - Learn more
  - Here
- Effective Link Text:
  - Download the 2024 Annual Report
  - Explore our upcoming events.
  - Read more about creating accessible web links.
In these examples, the goal is to make it crystal clear where the link will take the user, leaving no room for confusion.

Best Practices for Writing Descriptive Link Text
- Think About Context: Consider what the user needs to know about the link’s destination. This is especially important for screen reader users who may jump between links without reading the surrounding text. Make sure the link text alone provides enough information.
- Keep It Short and Sweet: Your link text should be informative but not too long. For example, “Contact Us for Support” is much clearer than “Click here if you need to get in touch with our support team.“
- Use Natural Phrasing: Don’t feel like you always need to add a “click here” to your sentence. Sometimes, the best link text is already part of your content. For instance, instead of “click here to learn more about our programs,” use the “learn more about our programs” link.
- Avoid URLs as Links: Long URLs are difficult for screen readers to interpret, especially if they contain numbers and special characters. Instead of linking a URL directly, use descriptive text like “Visit 216digital’s a11y.Radar Monitoring Page.”
- Alt Text for Image Links: If an image serves as a link, make sure the alt text conveys the purpose of the link. For example, if a shopping cart icon leads to the cart page, use alt text like “View Cart” rather than just “Cart.”
Linking It All Together

Incorporating descriptive link text is a small change that can have a significant impact on your website’s web accessibility. By ditching generic phrases, using clear and concise language, and following WCAG guidelines, you’ll make your site more navigable for everyone—especially users who rely on screen readers.

Creating an inclusive web experience doesn’t have to be complicated, but it does take attention to detail. If you’re unsure whether your website’s accessibility measures, including your link text, are up to standard, it might be time to seek expert advice. At 216digital, we offer ADA briefings that help you identify areas for improvement and ensure your site meets accessibility requirements.

Take the next step towards a more accessible web presence and schedule a complimentary ADA briefing with 216digital today. We’re here to guide you through the process and help you create a site that’s welcoming and usable for everyone.
Greg McNeil

October 14, 2024

How-to Guides, Legal Compliance, WCAG Compliance

Accessibility, Alt text, descriptive link text, WCAG, WCAG Compliance, Web Accessibility
Debunking Common WCAG Myths
When it comes to digital accessibility, misconceptions can lead businesses astray, leaving them vulnerable to compliance issues and missed opportunities. From believing that automated tools can handle everything to thinking that accessibility compromises design, these myths often create unnecessary hurdles. The truth? Achieving web accessibility is not only possible but it can also be seamlessly integrated into your existing processes.

Let’s debunk some of the most common myths about the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) so your business can take the right steps toward an accessible and inclusive online experience.

Myth 1: Conformance with WCAG = Compliance with Accessibility Laws

One of the most prevalent misconceptions is that adhering to WCAG automatically means compliance with all accessibility laws. While WCAG is widely recognized and often used as a benchmark for accessibility, it is important to note that WCAG conformance is not the same as legal compliance.

The Reality

Different countries have varying legal standards for accessibility, and while WCAG is used as a framework, laws such as the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) in the U.S. or the European Accessibility Act (EAA) in Europe may have their interpretations and requirements. For example, the ADA doesn’t explicitly mention WCAG, but U.S. courts frequently use WCAG as the gold standard for determining accessibility in lawsuits.

Therefore, WCAG conformance is essential to achieving legal compliance, but it’s not the only factor. Businesses must stay informed about relevant accessibility laws in their jurisdiction to ensure full compliance.

Myth 2: Automated Tools are All I Need to Conform with WCAG Guidelines

Many organizations believe that using automated tools is enough to ensure compliance with WCAG. Automated testing can catch many accessibility issues, but relying solely on these tools is a mistake.

The Reality

Automated tools are a valuable first step in identifying accessibility issues, such as missing alt text or incorrect HTML elements. However, they cannot fully capture the complexity of human interactions with a website. Accessibility involves factors such as the ability to navigate a site using a keyboard, how intuitive the content is, and whether assistive technologies like screen readers can interpret the content correctly. These are challenges that require manual testing by actual users with disabilities.

Automated testing, manual audits, and user testing with people who rely on assistive technologies are essential to achieving WCAG compliance.

Myth 3: WCAG is a ”One-and-Done”Checklist

Some businesses think that WCAG is a static checklist that, once completed, guarantees permanent accessibility.

The Reality

Digital accessibility is an ongoing process. Websites are living entities that change over time—content updates, new features, or design overhauls. Each change presents the possibility of new accessibility barriers. Furthermore, the WCAG evolves, with updates to reflect new technologies and user needs (e.g., the transition from WCAG 2.0 to WCAG 2.2 with WCAG 3.0 in development).

To maintain compliance, businesses must regularly audit their digital products and ensure that any updates meet the latest WCAG standards. Accessibility should be baked into your organization’s development workflow and continuously revisited.

Myth 4: Only Businesses Who Serve the Disability Community Need to Follow WCAG

A common misconception is that only organizations that cater specifically to people with disabilities need to worry about WCAG compliance.

The Reality

Every business with an online presence should ensure digital accessibility. Over 1 billion people worldwide have some form of disability, which means that nearly every industry has potential customers who need accessible digital experiences. Additionally, in many jurisdictions, accessibility laws apply to many businesses, not just those explicitly serving the disability community.

Web accessibility also benefits a broader audience. For instance, captions on videos can help non-native speakers and accessible forms can improve the experience for all users, regardless of ability.

Myth 5: WCAG Guidelines Will Decrease My Site’s Visual Appeal

There’s a lingering belief that making a website accessible according to WCAG guidelines will compromise its design and visual appeal.

The Reality

Accessibility and good design go hand in hand. WCAG guidelines promote clarity, simplicity, and ease of use—principles that enhance a website’s user experience. Accessible design doesn’t mean dull or unattractive; it means that the site is intuitive and easy to navigate for all users.

Elements like sufficient color contrast, straightforward typography, and intuitive navigation are central to accessibility and aesthetics. Many visually stunning websites are entirely WCAG compliant by incorporating a design that benefits all users without sacrificing creativity or brand identity.

Myth 6: Implementing WCAG Guidelines is Expensive, Time-Consuming, and Resource-Intensive

Some businesses fear that conforming to WCAG guidelines will be a costly, laborious process that demands a complete overhaul of their digital properties.

The Reality

While achieving compliance requires time and resources, it can mean something other than a complete redesign or massive financial outlay. Many accessibility fixes—like adding alt text to images or improving color contrast—are relatively straightforward and inexpensive. Additionally, non-compliance costs, such as legal fees, lost customers, and reputational damage, far outweigh the costs of becoming compliant.

Moreover, integrating accessibility into your development process early on can make future compliance more accessible and cost-effective. Accessibility becomes much more expensive when treated as an afterthought or an add-on rather than part of the core design and development strategy.

How to Make Accessibility Achievable for Every Business

Debunking these myths is essential to understanding that WCAG compliance and digital accessibility are achievable for businesses of all sizes. Here are a few practical ways to approach accessibility:
1. Start Small, Scale Up: If you’re overwhelmed by the scope of WCAG guidelines, start with the most critical aspects and gradually expand your efforts. Begin by addressing the most common accessibility barriers, such as text alternatives and keyboard navigation.
2. Leverage External Expertise: Consider partnering with a digital accessibility expert. External accessibility consultants like 216digital bring specialized knowledge of WCAG guidelines and accessibility testing methods. They can help identify issues, prioritize fixes, and provide ongoing monitoring to ensure your site remains accessible.
3. Use a Hybrid Testing Approach: Combine automated tools with manual and user testing by people with disabilities. Automated tools can handle repetitive checks, but manual testing is vital for uncovering issues that require human judgment and assistive technology testing.
4. Plan for Accessibility from the Start: Integrate accessibility into your design and development process early on. This proactive approach reduces the time and cost of retrofitting accessibility into a live product.
5. Commit to Continuous Improvement: Remember, digital accessibility isn’t a one-time project—it’s an ongoing commitment. Regular audits, training for your team, and staying informed about the latest WCAG updates will ensure you remain compliant over time.
Accessibility is Within Reach

Understanding these common misconceptions about WCAG and digital accessibility is just the beginning. The path to compliance and creating a truly accessible digital experience requires a tailored, proactive approach. At 216digital, we help businesses not only meet WCAG standards but also navigate the complexities of accessibility laws to protect themselves from costly litigation and better serve all users.

Ready to take the next step? Schedule an ADA briefing with our team to ensure your digital presence is compliant, inclusive, and future-proof. Together, we can make accessibility achievable for your business.
Greg McNeil

October 11, 2024

WCAG Compliance

ADA Compliance, WCAG, WCAG Compliance, Web Accessibility, Website Accessibility
Digital Accessibility Lawsuit Targets Contractors
The recent case of Bryan Bashin vs. ReserveCalifornia.com has opened the door to a new type of accessibility lawsuit. It’s not just website owners being held accountable—government contractors who build and maintain websites are now in the spotlight too.

This case is important for developers, designers, and accessibility experts working on government websites, as it sets a strong example of what can happen when accessibility isn’t prioritized. More importantly, it serves as a wake-up call for businesses and contractors alike to understand that accessibility is not just an option but a legal necessity. Failure to comply with accessibility standards could result in costly lawsuits and reputational damage.

In today’s digital world, ensuring that everyone, including people with disabilities, can use your website is not just good practice—it’s the law.

Case Overview: A New Direction

Bryan Bashin, who is visually impaired, sued ReserveCalifornia.com, claiming the site was inaccessible to people with disabilities. This violated both the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and California’s Unruh Civil Rights Act. What made this case different? Bashin didn’t go after the website owner, California State Parks—he targeted the contractors who created and managed the site.

ReserveCalifornia.com is a key website for booking campsites and other outdoor activities in state parks. Because it wasn’t fully accessible, users who depend on assistive technologies, like screen readers, had trouble navigating it. By focusing on the developers, Bashin’s lawsuit sends a clear message: if you’re responsible for public websites, you must meet digital accessibility standards—or you could face legal action.

The Laws: Unruh Act and ADA Title II

This case relies on two important laws: California’s Unruh Civil Rights Act and the updated ADA Title II rules for government websites.
- Unruh Act: This California law allows people with disabilities to sue organizations that don’t make their services accessible. Bashin used this law to seek damages, which gave him additional legal options beyond the federal ADA.
- ADA Title II: This part of the ADA focuses on making sure government services, programs, and activities—including websites—are accessible. Recent updates have strengthened these rules, making it clear that public websites must meet accessibility standards. Bashin’s lawsuit shows how these laws are evolving, putting contractors in the spotlight.
What It Means for Web Developers: Widespread Impacts

While this lawsuit happened in California, its effects could reach across the country. The Unruh Act may be specific to California, but ADA Title II applies nationwide. Developers working on public sector projects need to understand that ignoring accessibility could lead to serious risks, especially as more governments crack down on non-compliance.

Developers and contractors are expected to follow the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG), the international standard for digital accessibility. Not meeting these standards puts them at risk of lawsuits like Bashin’s, and the $2 million settlement in this case shows that courts are willing to hold developers accountable.

What is the WCAG?

WCAG is the go-to guide for making websites accessible to people with disabilities, such as those who are blind, deaf, or have cognitive challenges. It focuses on making content:
- Perceivable: Users must be able to experience content, whether through text, images, or other formats like captions.
- Operable: Users should be able to navigate the site with different tools like a mouse, keyboard, or voice commands.
- Understandable: The site’s information and operations should be clear and easy to use.
- Robust: The site should work with current and future assistive technologies.
For developers, following WCAG not only ensures legal compliance but also opens websites to a wider audience and improves overall user experience.

Why WCAG Matters

You might ask yourself, “Why should I care about WCAG compliance?” First and foremost, it helps make your website accessible to a wider audience. If your site isn’t usable for people with disabilities, you could be missing out on potential customers. In a digital age where online shopping and information-seeking are essential, excluding anyone based on accessibility is not just unfair—it’s bad for business.

Moreover, the Bashin case shows that failing to meet accessibility standards can lead to legal consequences. As more digital accessibility lawsuits arise, companies that don’t prioritize compliance could face significant financial penalties. By adhering to WCAG guidelines, you protect yourself from legal issues and show that you care about your users.

Best Practices for Developers and Digital Accessibility Experts

Bashin’s case is a reminder that developers and consultants must make digital accessibility a priority from the start. It’s no longer enough to just create a good-looking or functional website—it has to work for everyone, including people with disabilities.

Here’s what developers and business owners should focus on:
- WCAG Knowledge: Work with developers who understand WCAG standards and have experience making accessible sites.
- Conduct a Website Audit: Regularly audit your website for accessibility issues. There are tools available online that can help you identify problems, such as missing alt text for images or issues with color contrast.
- Implement Ongoing Training: Train your staff, especially those involved in website management and content creation, about digital accessibility.
- Ongoing Monitoring: Accessibility isn’t a one-time job. Websites need regular testing to stay compliant. This proactive approach helps prevent potential violations before they lead to costly lawsuits.
- Stay Informed and Up-to-Date: Digital accessibility standards and regulations change over time. Make any necessary updates to your website to remain compliant.
The Bigger Picture: Nationwide Repercussions

The Bryan Bashin vs. ReserveCalifornia.com case is a strong reminder for developers everywhere: accessibility is no longer optional. By holding government contractors accountable for digital accessibility violations, this case sets a powerful precedent. Developers and accessibility experts must be proactive and make sure all public-facing websites—especially those for government services—comply with WCAG and other accessibility standards. The future of digital accessibility enforcement is here, and developers need to stay ahead to avoid costly legal risks.

To avoid the risks of costly legal action and make sure your website is accessible to everyone, now is the time to act. Find out if your website is ADA compliant today by scheduling a 15-minute complimentary website audit and consultation with our experts at 216digital. We can help determine if your site is at risk of a lawsuit and provide fast, effective ADA compliance solutions so you can focus on what matters most: running your business.
Greg McNeil

October 10, 2024

Legal Compliance

Accessibility, ADA Compliance, ADA Website Compliance, Bryan Bashin vs. ReserveCalifornia.com, Unruh Civil Rights Act, web developers
Web Accessibility Tips for Restaurants in 2024
As a restaurant owner, creating an accessible and welcoming environment doesn’t just apply to your physical space—it’s equally important online. In 2024, web accessibility is no longer optional. With more diners relying on digital services like online menus and reservation systems, it’s crucial that everyone, regardless of ability, can easily navigate and interact with your website. This guide will walk you through some key ways to make your restaurant’s digital experience accessible for all, including compliance with the latest Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG).

What is Web Accessibility?

Web accessibility is the practice of creating digital content that can be easily used by individuals with disabilities. This means ensuring that people with visual, auditory, motor, or cognitive disabilities can easily access and interact with your content.

For restaurants, this means making sure that your digital menu and reservation systems are easy to use for everyone, whether they navigate with a mouse, keyboard, or screen reader. But making your website accessible isn’t just about being inclusive—it also helps you meet legal requirements like the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA).

WCAG Guidelines for Restaurants

WCAG is the global standard for web accessibility. To ensure your restaurant’s website is accessible, you should aim for compliance with WCAG 2.1 at Level AA. Some of the key WCAG principles to keep in mind include:
- Perceivable: Users must be able to experience content, whether through text, images, or other formats like captions.
- Operable: Users should be able to navigate the site with a mouse, keyboard, or voice commands.
- Understandable: The site’s information and operations should be clear and easy to use.
- Robust: The site should work with current and future assistive technologies.
Let’s break down how these principles apply to specific elements of your restaurant’s website, such as menus and reservation systems.

How to Share Your Menu Accessibly

Your menu is the core of your restaurant’s website, and making it accessible can open up your business to more customers. Start by ensuring that your menu is coded properly so that all users can access it. Avoid using PDF formats, which can be difficult for screen readers to interpret.

Use Semantic HTML

Semantic HTML is the building blocks for an accessible website. By using proper HTML tags, you provide structure and meaning to your content, making it easier for users to understand the structure of your content. For a menu, you can use <div> to separate menu items and <span> or <p> for the item’s name, price, and description.

Here’s a sample code snippet for a restaurant menu using semantic HTML:
```
<div class="menu-item-text">
   <h3 class="menu-item-heading">
      <span class="menu-item-name">Bruschetta</span>
      <span class="menu-item-price">$12.90</span>
   </h3>
   <p class= "menu-item-desc">Crispy toasted bread topped with fresh tomatoes, garlic, basil, and a drizzle of balsamic glaze.
   </p>
</div>
```
Provide Text Alternatives for Images

If your menu includes images of dishes, be sure to include alternative text (alt attributes) to describe them. Screen readers use this alt text to inform users what is in the image.

For example:
```
<img src= "grilled-salmon.jpg" alt= "Grilled salmon with mashed potatoes and steamed vegetables"/>
```
Alt text should describe the content of the image in a way that makes sense contextually. In this case, it’s about what the dish looks like and what ingredients are included.

How to Describe Your Menu Items

When writing descriptions for menu items, keep in mind that clear, concise descriptions benefit everyone, especially people with cognitive disabilities. Use simple language and avoid jargon or overly complex phrases. If you have menu items that cater to specific dietary restrictions (e.g., gluten-free or vegan options), make sure these are clearly labeled.

You could add a label like this:
```
<p><strong>Gluten-Free:</strong> Yes</p>
<p><strong>Vegan:</strong> No</p>
```
By making your menu easy to read and accessible, you’re not only helping users with disabilities but also improving the overall user experience.

How to Improve Reservation Booking Accessibility

Online reservations are convenient for both customers and restaurants, but it’s important to make sure your booking system is accessible to all users. Whether you’re using a third-party booking platform or a custom-built system, accessibility should be a top priority.

Use Accessible Form Controls

Forms are a key part of most reservation systems, and making sure these are accessible is essential. First, ensure that every form element has an associated <label> tag. This allows screen readers to correctly identify form fields.

Here’s an example:
```
<label for="name">Name:</label>
<input type="text" id="name" name="name" required>
```
Also, be sure that all form controls can be navigated using only a keyboard. According to WCAG, all interactive elements should be operable through keyboard commands alone. This is important for people with mobility impairments who may not use a mouse.

ARIA Roles and Live Regions

Accessible Rich Internet Applications (ARIA) roles help make dynamic content more accessible. For example, you can use ARIA attributes to alert users of changes in the reservation system, such as confirming their booking.

Here’s an example of using ARIA for a live region that confirms a reservation:
```
<div aria-live="polite" id="confirmation-message">
  Your reservation has been confirmed.
</div>
```
The aria-live= “polite” attribute ensures that screen readers announce updates to the user without disrupting the current interaction.

Timeouts and Error Handling

When implementing a reservation system, make sure that users are given enough time to complete their forms. WCAG 2.1 guidelines recommend providing a way to extend time limits if necessary.

Additionally, clear and helpful error messages should be provided when users make mistakes while filling out forms. Use ARIA to ensure that these messages are communicated to users with assistive technology:
```
<div aria-live="assertive" class="error-message">
  Please enter a valid phone number.
</div>
```
By following these steps, you make it easier for all customers to book a table at your restaurant, ensuring they have a positive experience.

Keyboard Navigation

Make sure that all interactive elements, like buttons and links, can be accessed using a keyboard. This is crucial for people with mobility issues. A logical tab order should guide users through your site efficiently, moving from the main content areas to interactive elements like forms and buttons.

To test this, try navigating your site using only the “Tab” key and see if you can access all functions.

Accessible Calendar Widgets

If your reservation system includes a date picker, make sure it is keyboard-accessible. Some date pickers are difficult to navigate with a keyboard or screen reader, so consider providing users with an accessible alternative, like allowing manual date entry in addition to the calendar.

Here’s an example of a keyboard-friendly date input:
```
<input type="date" id="reservation-date" name="reservation-date">
```
Going Beyond Compliance: User Experience Matters

Meeting WCAG standards is important, but don’t stop there. Think about the overall user experience. For instance, ensuring text contrast is high enough for readability, using large touch targets for buttons, and testing your website on multiple devices can significantly improve accessibility.

An accessible website isn’t just for compliance—it’s a way to expand your customer base and create a better experience for everyone.

A Taste of Accessibility

Web accessibility is the secret ingredient to running a successful restaurant in 2024. By aligning your website with WCAG guidelines, you can ensure that everyone—from loyal customers to new diners—enjoys a smooth and inclusive experience, whether they’re browsing your menu or making a reservation. Beyond just compliance, an accessible site reflects your commitment to every guest, enhancing your reputation and widening your customer base.

At 216digital, we can help you navigate the world of web accessibility, from ADA compliance to optimizing your user experience. Schedule a free ADA briefing with us today and discover how your restaurant’s website can cater to every customer, no matter their abilities. Let’s make your digital presence as inviting as your dining room!
Greg McNeil

October 9, 2024

How-to Guides

ADA Website Compliance, How-to, Restaurants, WCAG, WCAG Compliance, web development, Website Accessibility
Web Accessibility Overlays: A False Sense of Security
As a website owner, you likely recognize the growing need to make your site accessible to everyone, including individuals with disabilities. With increased emphasis on ADA compliance, you may have encountered web accessibility overlays—automated tools that offer quick-fix solutions.

While they might seem like a convenient solution, these overlays can create significant pitfalls that could leave you vulnerable to legal risks and fail to provide true accessibility.

In this article, we’ll explore why relying on overlays could lead to a false sense of security and why a more comprehensive approach to addressing web accessibility is critical.

What Are Web Accessibility Overlays?

Overlays are software solutions that scan websites for barriers and apply superficial fixes with minimal user involvement. Their promise is simple: They claim to help your site meet Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) and ADA standards, making your content more accessible.

At first glance, overlays seem appealing, with features like adjustable text sizes and color contrast options. However, they fail to deliver a truly inclusive online experience. While some surface level issues can be address, deeper accessibility barriers are frequently ignored or mishandled.

The Illusion of ADA Compliance

The biggest misconceptions surrounding web accessibility overlays is that they will guarantee ADA compliance. The harsh reality is that ADA compliance is multifaceted and cannot be achieved through automated fixes alone.

True web accessibility goes far beyond superficial adjustments. It requires a detailed understanding of the diverse barriers people with disabilities face when interacting with digital content. Overlays, which only focus on cosmetic changes, leave significant gaps in compliance, neglecting critical components of accessibility. Unfortunately, this gives many website owners the false impression that their sites are fully compliant when, in fact, they still fall short in several critical areas.

Automated Fixes Miss Critical Issues

While overlays can identify some common accessibility problems, they rely too heavily on automation, often leading to overlooking essential elements.

Here are some areas where they typically fall short:
- Semantic HTML: Using HTML elements correctly ensures that people using screen readers and other assistive technologies can understand your website’s content. Overlays cannot address issues like improper heading structures or missing ARIA labels.
- Alt Text for Images: Descriptive alt text provides essential context for visually impaired users. Automated tools can only see that they are missing. They cannot interpret the meaning or purpose of the image to generate meaningful descriptions.
- Keyboard Navigation: Many users are unable to use a mouse, requiring them to navigate a website through the use of a keyboard. To make a website accessible through keyboard navigations corrections must be made on a code level. As discussed above, overlays can only make superficial changes, and cannot make changes directly to the code.
By relying on these automated solutions, you may inadvertently overlook crucial aspects of web accessibility, leaving your site vulnerable to an ADA lawsuit.

The False Sense of Security

The use of web accessibility overlays can foster complacency, leading to a false sense of security. The mere presence of an overlay might make you believe your site is fully accessible, yet significant barriers may still be lurking beneath the surface.

This illusion is particularly dangerous. If your overlay doesn’t meet full accessibility standards, your website remains non-compliant with the ADA and other state regulations. As a result, businesses that thought they were protecting themselves with an overlay can find themselves in court, dealing with expensive settlements and lasting damage to their reputation.

In fact, 20% of all accessibility-related lawsuits this year targeted websites using these so-called “accessibility solutions,” and that number continues to grow. Relying solely on overlays not only fails to address critical accessibility issues but also opens the door to legal risks.

True web accessibility is not a one-time fix; it requires ongoing attention, regular audits, and user feedback. Overlays might provide a band-aid solution, but they can prevent you from developing a genuine commitment to accessibility, which is vital for both compliance and user experience.

A Human-Centered Approach to Web Accessibility

To meet the needs of all users and ensure ADA compliance, businesses must adopt a comprehensive, human-centered approach to web accessibility. Here are a few critical steps to achieving this:
- Understand Web Accessibility Guidelines: WCAG is a set of standards designed to make web content more accessible. Familiarize yourself with these guidelines to understand what needs to be done. They cover aspects like text readability, alternative text for images, and keyboard navigation.
- Conduct a Website Audit: Regularly audit your website for accessibility issues. There are tools available online that can help you identify problems, such as missing alt text for images or issues with color contrast. Consulting with a specialist firm like 216digital to conduct a thorough audit can also be a wise investment.
- Engage with Users: Real feedback from individuals with disabilities is invaluable. Understanding their experiences navigating your site will provide critical insights for meaningful improvements.
- Train Your Team: Train your staff, especially those involved in website management and content creation, about web accessibility principles and best practices. This knowledge is essential to maintaining an accessible online experience over time.
- Ongoing Monitoring: Compliance is not a one-time task. This proactive approach helps prevent potential violations before they lead to costly lawsuits.
By prioritizing a human-centered approach, you can create an online environment that truly serves all users rather than settling for a quick-fix solution that only gives the illusion of compliance.

216digital’s Approach to Web Accessibility

At 216digital, we understand that genuine web accessibility requires more than just automated tools. Our comprehensive, human-centered approach goes beyond quick fixes to provide long-lasting solutions that focus on risk mitigation and compliance with WCAG 2.1/2.2 AA standards.

Through a11y.Radar, we offer ongoing monitoring, ensuring your website remains compliant and accessible to all users. By emphasizing thorough auditing and remediation services, we help businesses not only meet legal requirements but also tap into the underserved market of individuals with disabilities.

Our approach is built around long-term accessibility, protecting your business from potential lawsuits and positioning you to serve a broader, more inclusive audience better.

Conclusion

Web accessibility overlays may seem like an easy answer, but they often fall short of delivering the accessibility experience your users need and the compliance your business requires. Relying solely on these tools could leave your website open to legal risks and frustrate users with disabilities who still encounter barriers on your site.

At 216digital, we’re here to help you navigate the complexities of ADA compliance with a human-centered approach. Schedule an ADA briefing with our team today to ensure your website is fully accessible, compliant, and welcoming to every visitor. Don’t settle for quick fixes—invest in meaningful accessibility that makes a real difference.
Greg McNeil

October 8, 2024

Legal Compliance, WCAG Compliance

ADA Compliance, ADA Lawsuit, Overlay widgets, Overlays, Web Accessibility
The Hidden Accessibility Barriers in Popular Plugins

Plugins offer an easy way for blogs or e-commerce websites to add helpful functionality like newsletter signups, product filters, or bundles to their website without paying costly development fees. But while these popular plugins promise seamless user experiences, many hide serious accessibility barriers that can exclude people with disabilities from entirely using your site.

Even if you follow accessibility guidelines and best practices throughout your site, plugin vendors may not do the same, which causes your website to become non-conformant despite your excellent work. Understanding how plugins can impact web accessibility is essential to maintaining an accessible website, even if you install them to accomplish simple tasks.

Let’s explore the common accessibility pitfalls of plugins and what you can do to avoid introducing accessibility errors on your website when utilizing them.

What Are Plugins, and Why Do They Matter for Accessibility?

Plugins are pre-built software modules you can add to your website to perform specific tasks. Whether improving SEO, adding an image slider, or embedding a social media feed, plugins extend your website’s features without needing custom development.

However, plugins don’t always come with accessibility in mind. Many developers focus on functionality and design, overlooking essential elements that make their plugins usable for all, especially people with disabilities who use assistive technology.

Plugins become a problem when they introduce barriers that prevent users from navigating or interacting with your site. Even if the rest of your website is built according to accessibility standards, a plugin can break that accessibility with one update or feature.

Common Accessibility Barriers in Popular Plugins

So, what does an inaccessible plugin look like? These issues can be subtle and not immediately apparent to someone without accessibility experience. Here are a few common barriers often found in popular plugins:

1. Poor Keyboard Navigation

Many users with mobility impairments or visual disabilities rely on a keyboard to navigate a website. A plugin that lacks proper keyboard navigation can make it impossible for these users to interact with your site. For example, sliders, pop-up forms, or dropdown menus in some plugins may trap keyboard users, preventing them from moving between page elements using the Tab key.

One primary culprit is the “tabindex” attribute, which allows developers to control the order in which interactive elements are focused. Some plugins misuse this attribute, causing the focus to jump around illogically, making navigation difficult or impossible.

2. Lack of ARIA Landmarks and Roles

ARIA (Accessible Rich Internet Applications) roles and landmarks are essential for users who navigate using screen readers. These assistive technologies rely on ARIA to communicate the structure and purpose of elements on the page. When plugins don’t correctly implement ARIA roles—such as mislabeling buttons or failing to designate headings—it becomes harder for users to understand the content.

For instance, a popular image gallery plugin may not correctly assign ARIA roles to buttons for navigating between photos. To a screen reader user, those buttons may be entirely invisible, making the gallery feature inaccessible.

3. Inconsistent Focus Indicators

Focus indicators are visual cues that help users see which element on the page is currently selected, such as a glowing outline around a button. These indicators are crucial for keyboard users, but many plugins either remove or don’t include focus indicators at all, leaving users stranded without knowing where they are on the page.

A typical example is sliders that fail to highlight which slide is active or forms where the submit button doesn’t show any visual indication of focus.

4. Non-Semantic HTML and Improper Heading Structure

Semantic HTML, which uses elements like <nav>, <article>, and proper headings (<h1>, <h2>), helps assistive technologies interpret content. Unfortunately, some plugins rely on non-semantic HTML—like using <div> or <span> elements for interactive content or headings—which screen readers may not understand as intended.

For example, a form plugin that uses <div> for form fields instead of <label> elements makes it difficult for screen readers to identify the label of each field, leading to confusion for the user.

5. Missing or Incorrect Alt Text

Images used in plugins, especially image-heavy ones like sliders or galleries, often lack alternative text. Alt text is essential for visually impaired users who rely on screen readers to describe the content of images. Without it, users are left in the dark about the purpose of the images in the plugin.

Some plugins automatically generate alt text, but they may do so incorrectly—using file names or generic labels like “image123,” which provide no meaningful information to users.

WCAG Guidelines: How Plugins Often Fall Short

The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) are the gold standard when it comes to web accessibility, but many plugins fail to meet these guidelines. Here’s how:

Perceivable

Plugins often fail to provide text alternatives for non-text content, like images and icons. This makes it impossible for screen readers to convey the content to users who are blind or have low vision.

Operable

As mentioned, poor keyboard navigation is a major issue with plugins. Any plugin that doesn’t allow users to operate all of its functions via keyboard alone falls short of this WCAG principle.

Understandable

Plugins that misuse ARIA roles or use non-semantic HTML can create confusion for users of assistive technology, making the content harder to understand.

Robust

Many plugins don’t integrate well with assistive technologies. A plugin that only works in one browser or on certain screen readers is not robust enough to be considered accessible.

How to Handle Inaccessible Plugins

So, what should you do if you suspect that a plugin on your site is inaccessible? Here are a few practical tips:

1. Evaluate the Plugin for Accessibility Barriers

First, you’ll want to check to see if the plugin vendor has any posted policies or guidance regarding web accessibility. After that, you can install the plugin in a test environment and use standard evaluation tools such as WAVE or Google Lighthouse to determine if any issues appear.

2. Consider Replacing the Plugin with an Accessible Alternative

If you find that a plugin is inaccessible, consider replacing it with a more accessible competitor. For example, there are many form, slider, and gallery plugins designed with accessibility in mind. These often prioritize compliance with WCAG guidelines, making it easier for your site to remain accessible.

3. Reach Out to Plugin Developers

If you’re committed to a specific plugin that has accessibility issues, don’t hesitate to reach out to the developer. Politely inform them of the barriers their plugin creates and ask if they have plans to address accessibility in future updates. Many developers are open to feedback and may not be aware of the issues until they are brought to their attention.

4. Use ARIA Landmarks and Roles to Improve Plugin Accessibility

If you have some technical knowledge, you can manually add ARIA roles or improve the HTML structure of the plugin elements. While this is a more advanced solution, it can be effective in making a plugin more accessible.

5. Test Regularly with Accessibility Tools

Tools like WAVE or Lighthouse can help you assess the accessibility of your entire site, including any plugins you’ve added. Regular testing can ensure that your site remains accessible as plugins update and evolve over time.

Plugins Are Powerful—But Watch Out for Hidden Barriers

Plugins are a fantastic way to improve your website’s functionality, but they can also introduce hidden accessibility barriers if you’re not careful. As a website owner or developer, it’s your responsibility to ensure that every part of your site, including third-party plugins, is accessible to all users.

By being proactive—whether through testing, replacing, or communicating with developers—you can avoid the common pitfalls of inaccessible plugins and keep your site welcoming and functional for everyone. Remember, it’s not just about compliance; it’s about creating an inclusive experience that ensures all users can access and interact with your content.

So, next time you’re about to install that flashy new plugin, pause for a second and ask yourself: Is this accessible?

Ready to get started? Schedule a personalized ADA briefing with 216digital and get expert guidance tailored to your needs.

Greg McNeil

October 7, 2024

How-to Guides, Legal Compliance

ADA Compliance, plugins, Web Accessibility, web development, website plugins
What is Keyboard Navigation?
Have you ever tried navigating a website without a mouse, using only your keyboard? If not, it’s an eye-opening experience. For many users with disabilities, keyboard navigation isn’t just an option—it’s essential. Keyboard accessibility ensures that users who rely on keyboards can interact with your website effectively. Let’s dive into what keyboard accessibility is, why it matters, and how you can implement it on your website.

What is Keyboard Navigation?

Keyboard navigation allows users to interact with a website without the need for a mouse. Instead of pointing and clicking, users rely on keyboard keys—like the Tab, Enter, and arrow keys—to move through web content. This form of navigation is vital for individuals with mobility impairments, vision impairments, or anyone who cannot use a mouse due to injury or physical limitations.

For example, users can move from one link or button to the next using the Tab key and activate the selected item with Enter or Space. Think of it as a roadmap through your website, where each interactive element is a stop along the way. If your site isn’t set up for proper keyboard navigation, some users may get lost or, worse, be unable to use your site altogether.

Why Keyboard Accessibility is Important

Keyboard accessibility plays a crucial role in web usability, particularly for people with disabilities. Here’s why:
1. For Users with Disabilities: Many individuals rely on assistive technologies, like screen readers or alternative input devices, to access websites. These technologies are often keyboard-based. Without proper keyboard navigation, these users may be blocked from interacting with your site.
2. WCAG Guidelines: The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG), which serve as the global standard for web accessibility, emphasize the need for keyboard accessibility. WCAG 2.1, for example, highlights explicitly that all functionality should be operable through a keyboard interface (SC 2.1.1 – Keyboard).
3. Compliance with Laws: In the U.S., legal frameworks like the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) can hold websites accountable for not being accessible to people with disabilities. Making your site accessible isn’t just good for your users—it can also help you avoid legal trouble.
Implementing Proper Keyboard Navigation

Keyboard navigation isn’t just about letting users “tab” through your site. It’s about ensuring a smooth, logical, and functional user experience. Let’s look at some key steps to making your site keyboard-friendly.

Make All Interactive Elements Accessible

Every element that a user can interact with—like buttons, links, forms, and dropdown menus—should be accessible by the keyboard. This means ensuring that as a user “tabs” through the page, they can reach these elements and activate them without needing a mouse.

Here are a few ways to achieve this:
- Use semantic HTML: Elements like <button>, <a>, and <input> are inherently keyboard-accessible. If you create custom interactive elements with <div> or <span>, ensure they are accessible by adding tabindex= "0" and using JavaScript to handle key events like pressing “Enter” or “Space” to activate them.
- Avoid tabindex misuse: While tabindex= "0” ensures elements are focusable in the tab order, using tabindex values other than 0 can cause issues with navigation. Elements should appear in the tab order based on their natural position in the document flow.
Example:
```

<button>Submit</button>
<a href="contact.html">Contact Us</a>

<div role="button" tabindex="0" onclick="alert('Button clicked')">Click me</div>
```
Ensure Logical Tab Order

When users navigate your website using the Tab key, they should move through the content in a logical order. If the tab order is confusing, users can miss important information or interactive elements. The order should generally follow the visual structure of the page, moving left to right and top to bottom.

Best Practices for Logical Tab Order:
- Check the natural tab order: Test your site by navigating with the Tab key. Does it follow the expected order? Are there elements that seem out of place or skipped entirely?
- Avoid skipping key elements: Ensure that every interactive element is included in the tab order. Hidden or inactive elements should not be focusable until they are visible or active.
Use Clear Focus Indicators

When a user navigates with their keyboard, they rely on focus indicators to know where they are on the page. Without a clear visual indicator, users may become lost.

What’s a Focus Indicator?

The focus indicator is a visible outline or highlight that shows which element is currently selected. For example, by default, most browsers add a visible outline to buttons, links, and form fields when they are focused.

Best Practices for Focus Indicators:
- Don’t disable default focus outlines: Some designers remove these outlines for aesthetic reasons, but this is a big no-no for accessibility.
- Customize focus styles: If the default outline doesn’t fit your design, you can customize it. Just make sure the indicator is clear and easy to see.
Example:
```
/* Customize focus outline */
button: focus, a: focus {
    outline: 2px solid #007BFF; /* High contrast color */
}
```
Avoid Keyboard Traps

A keyboard trap occurs when a user navigates into a section of the page but can’t get out using the keyboard. This can happen if a dialog box or modal window doesn’t allow the user to tab away or close it using keyboard commands.

Best Practices to Avoid Keyboard Traps:
- Ensure users can tab away: If a modal or popup appears, users should be able to close it or continue navigating the rest of the site with the Tab key.
- Provide a clear way to exit: Offer an accessible “Close” button or an “Esc” key option to dismiss popups.
Example:
```

<div role="dialog" aria-labelledby="modal-title" aria-describedby="modal-description">
    <h2 id="modal-title">Modal Title</h2>
    <p id= "modal-description">This is a description of the modal.</p>
    <button onclick="closeModal()">Close</button>
</div>
```
Referencing WCAG Guidelines

To meet web accessibility standards, your site should align with the WCAG guidelines, particularly the following:
- WCAG 2.1.1 – Keyboard: Ensure all content and functionality can be accessed using a keyboard.
- WCAG 2.4.3 – Focus Order: Make sure users can navigate through the page in a logical sequence.
- WCAG 2.4.7 – Focus Visible: Provide a clear indicator of focus when keyboard navigation is used.
These guidelines are vital for ensuring that your site is accessible to all users, including those who depend on keyboard navigation.

Making Your Website Accessible for All

Keyboard navigation is not just about compliance—it’s about ensuring that every visitor can use your site, regardless of their physical abilities. By focusing on proper keyboard navigation, logical tab order, clear focus indicators, and avoiding keyboard traps, you’re creating an inclusive experience that benefits all users. Whether it’s improving the experience for users with disabilities or meeting the legal requirements of the ADA, the rewards of accessibility are significant.

Implementing these changes might feel overwhelming, but you don’t have to go it alone. 216digital specializes in making websites accessible, ensuring they meet WCAG standards and ADA compliance. Our human-centered approach focuses on both the user experience and reducing legal risks.

Ready to make your site accessible? Schedule an ADA compliance briefing with 216digital today, and let us guide you through the process of creating a website that’s usable for everyone.
Greg McNeil

October 4, 2024

How-to Guides

Accessibility, How-to, Keyboard Navigation, WCAG, WCAG Compliance, Web Accessibility, web development
ADA Compliance vs Web Accessibility: What is the Difference
As more businesses move online, understanding web accessibility and ADA compliance becomes crucial. These terms are often used interchangeably but represent different aspects of making a website user-friendly for everyone, including individuals with disabilities. Knowing the distinction between web accessibility and ADA compliance can help protect your business from lawsuits while ensuring your site provides an inclusive experience.

In this article, we’ll examine the definitions of web accessibility and ADA compliance, explore their differences, discuss the legal risks associated with non-compliance, and explain how businesses can proactively address accessibility issues using services like 216digital’s Phase 1 remediation.

What is Web Accessibility?

Web accessibility involves designing and developing websites, tools, and technologies to ensure they are usable by people with a wide range of abilities and disabilities. This includes individuals who have visual, auditory, physical, speech, cognitive, or neurological disabilities. The goal of web accessibility is to ensure that everyone, regardless of their disability, can perceive, understand, navigate, and interact with the web.

Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG)

The primary standard for web accessibility is the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG), created by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). The latest version, WCAG 2.1, provides a comprehensive set of guidelines aimed at making web content accessible. These guidelines are organized around four core principles, commonly known as POUR:
- Perceivable: Information and user interface components must be presented in ways that all users can perceive.
- Operable: User interface components and navigation must be operable for everyone, including those using assistive technologies like screen readers.
- Understandable: Information and the operation of the user interface must be understandable.
- Robust: Content must be strong enough to work with a wide range of technologies, including those used by people with disabilities.
While WCAG provides the framework for web accessibility, compliance with it is generally voluntary unless law or legal action requires otherwise.

What is ADA Compliance?

ADA compliance refers to meeting the requirements set forth by the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), which was enacted in 1990. The ADA mandates that businesses, public services, and other organizations provide equal access to individuals with disabilities. Although the ADA was passed before the internet became mainstream, courts have increasingly ruled that websites are considered public accommodation places, meaning they must be accessible to people with disabilities.

ADA compliance, specifically in the context of websites, refers to whether your site meets the legal requirements of the ADA as interpreted by courts and the Department of Justice (DOJ). No official legal mandate states that WCAG 2.1 must be followed to achieve ADA compliance, but it is widely accepted that adhering to WCAG is the best way to meet ADA requirements.

How Does It Differ From Web Accessibility?
- Web accessibility is the broader concept of ensuring that people of all abilities can use websites.
- ADA compliance is a legal requirement for businesses in the U.S. to provide equal access to individuals with disabilities, which includes making websites accessible.
Web accessibility is a best practice, while ADA compliance is a legal standard. Following web accessibility guidelines, like WCAG 2.1, helps businesses meet the requirements of ADA compliance, but the two terms are not identical.

Is It Possible to Achieve and Maintain Full WCAG 2.1 Compliance?

Yes, but it’s not always easy, especially for bigger, more complex websites. WCAG 2.1 covers a lot of areas—like how text shows up, how media is handled, how forms work, and more. As technology and user needs evolve, keeping up with compliance is an ongoing effort. Regular testing, monitoring, and updates are needed to ensure the site meets the latest accessibility standards.

If you’re worried about protecting yourself from ADA lawsuits, aiming for full WCAG 2.1 compliance is a smart move. It can help reduce your legal risks, but it is only legally required in some cases. Courts have ruled in favor of plaintiffs in ADA lawsuits when websites were not accessible, even if they didn’t meet every single WCAG criterion.

Does Your Website Need to Be Fully Web Accessible to Protect Your Business?

To protect your business from ADA compliance lawsuits, it’s crucial to address the most common accessibility barriers, even if full WCAG 2.1 compliance is not achieved. Many companies focus on making the most essential parts of their website accessible, such as navigation, forms, and checkout processes. This approach can reduce the risk of a lawsuit while allowing businesses to improve their site’s accessibility gradually.

It’s also worth noting that courts have yet to require businesses to meet every WCAG 2.1 guideline to comply with the ADA. However, companies that demonstrate they are actively working to make their sites more accessible—by following best practices and improving critical accessibility issues—are generally better positioned to defend against lawsuits.

The Risk of ADA Compliance Lawsuits

ADA compliance lawsuits have skyrocketed in recent years, especially against businesses with inaccessible websites. These lawsuits can be costly, both in terms of financial settlements and reputational damage. Predatory law firms have begun targeting businesses—tiny and mid-sized companies—that have websites with accessibility issues. These firms often file “copycat” lawsuits, sometimes targeting hundreds of companies with nearly identical complaints.

The financial risk is real. Businesses are often forced to settle the lawsuit or pay legal fees, which can run into tens or even hundreds of thousands of dollars. In addition, businesses may also have to invest in website remediation services to fix accessibility issues.

How Predatory Law Firms Target Websites

Predatory law firms often conduct automated scans of websites to identify accessibility violations, such as missing alt text, poor contrast ratios, or non-functional navigation for keyboard-only users. Once they identify these issues, they send demand letters or file lawsuits, typically hoping that the business will settle quickly to avoid costly litigation.

Unfortunately, even well-meaning businesses that are working on improving accessibility can be targeted. This is why it’s essential to address website accessibility proactively rather than waiting for a lawsuit to happen.

Is Full WCAG 2.1 Compliance Required to Mitigate Lawsuits?

While full WCAG 2.1 compliance is not explicitly required to avoid lawsuits, businesses should aim to make their websites as accessible as possible. The more barriers that are removed, the less likely it is that a website will be the target of a lawsuit.

In most cases, addressing key accessibility issues—such as ensuring all images have alt text, providing video captions, and making the site navigable by keyboard—will significantly reduce the risk of a lawsuit.

Protect Your Business with 216digital

To help businesses avoid the pitfalls of non-compliance, 216digital offers Phase 1 remediation services designed to address the most critical accessibility issues quickly. These services focus on mitigating the risk of ADA lawsuits by resolving common accessibility barriers that predatory law firms often target. By implementing these initial fixes, businesses can start protecting themselves while working toward broader web accessibility goals.

In addition to Phase 1 remediation, 216digital offers ongoing monitoring and testing services to ensure your site remains accessible over time. With a proactive approach, businesses can avoid costly lawsuits and provide a better user experience for all visitors.

Ready to Make Your Website ADA Compliant?

As the digital landscape continues to evolve, ensuring your website is both accessible and ADA-compliant is more important than ever. While full WCAG 2.1 compliance may not always be required, addressing key accessibility issues can significantly reduce your risk of lawsuits and enhance the user experience for all visitors.

Take the next step toward protecting your business and making your website more inclusive. Schedule a personalized ADA compliance briefing with 216digital today. Our team can guide you through Phase 1 remediation and ongoing strategies to keep your site accessible and compliant.
Greg McNeil

October 3, 2024

Legal Compliance, WCAG Compliance

Accessibility, ADA Compliance, ADA Website Compliance, WCAG, WCAG Compliance, Website Accessibility
Avoid ADA Lawsuits: Lessons from Big Companies
Over the past few years, many well-known companies have faced lawsuits under Title III of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) for failing to make their websites accessible. From retail giants like Nike and Target to entertainment brands like Beyoncé’s Parkwood Entertainment, these companies have all encountered legal challenges due to non-compliant websites.

These cases provide an important lesson for website owners and content creators: web accessibility is not just a risk for big corporations but especially those running small businesses. Small companies are quickly becoming targets for Title III lawsuits as well. But by proactively making your website accessible, you can avoid legal trouble and enjoy several long-term benefits.

Let’s examine some of the big companies that have been sued over website accessibility and how small businesses can protect themselves.

1. Winn-Dixie: The ADA Case that Set the Standard

Winn-Dixie was one of the first major brands to face a Title III lawsuit over website accessibility. In 2017, a blind customer sued the grocery chain because its website wasn’t compatible with screen reader software. The court ruled in favor of the plaintiff, marking a major precedent for future cases. This case highlighted how even websites that aren’t strictly e-commerce-based can be required to meet ADA standards.

2. Domino’s Pizza: The Fight Over Online Ordering

Domino’s Pizza was sued because a blind customer couldn’t use their website and app to order food. The case gained national attention when it reached the U.S. Supreme Court in 2019. Domino’s argued that the ADA didn’t apply to websites, but the Supreme Court declined to hear the case, leaving the lower court ruling in favor of the plaintiff. The lesson? ADA Title III applies to digital spaces just as much as physical locations.

3. Nike: Accessibility in the Retail Space

Nike was sued for having an inaccessible website that prevented visually impaired users from making purchases. The company quickly settled the case and implemented changes, demonstrating that the cost of fighting a lawsuit can be much higher than simply fixing accessibility issues upfront.

4. Blue Apron: The Subscription Service Challenge

Blue Apron, a meal-kit delivery service, faced a lawsuit when a blind customer was unable to sign up because the website didn’t work with screen readers. Blue Apron’s case showed that even digital-first businesses are vulnerable to accessibility claims.

5. KitchenAid: The Importance of Universal Access

KitchenAid, known for its appliances, was sued after a visually impaired user couldn’t navigate their website to access product information. This case underscores that accessibility isn’t just about e-commerce; it also includes providing equal access to all the content and information on your website.

6. Fox News Network: ADA in Online Media

Even media companies aren’t immune. Fox News faced a lawsuit for not making its website accessible to people with visual impairments. News outlets, entertainment brands, and other content-heavy websites should ensure that their pages are fully compliant with ADA guidelines.

7. Beyoncé’s Parkwood Entertainment: Entertainment and Inclusivity

In 2019, a visually impaired woman sued Beyoncé’s Parkwood Entertainment, claiming that her website wasn’t accessible with screen readers. This case shows that artists, musicians, and entertainment companies are also responsible for making sure their digital content is inclusive for all.

8. H&R Block: Financial Services

Tax preparation giant H&R Block was sued over their inaccessible website. The company settled by agreeing to make its site accessible and compliant with the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG). This case demonstrates that financial services are held to the same standards as retail or entertainment when it comes to web accessibility.

9. Burger King: Fast Food, Fast Accessibility Fixes

Burger King was sued when a visually impaired customer couldn’t use its website to place an order. Like many companies, Burger King settled the case by agreeing to fix its accessibility issues rather than dragging out a lengthy court battle.

10. Target: A Retailer Making ADA a Priority

Target was sued in 2006 and eventually settled, becoming one of the first major retailers to make their website fully accessible. Their case set an early example that many other companies have followed.

How Small Businesses Are Becoming Targets for ADA Lawsuits

While these cases involved large companies, small businesses are increasingly being targeted by ADA Title III lawsuits. This shift is largely due to the rise in website accessibility lawsuits in general, which have grown significantly in recent years. Small businesses are often seen as easier targets because they may lack the resources to fight a lawsuit or may be unaware of their legal obligations under the ADA.

The reality is that no business is too small to be sued over website accessibility. This means that whether you’re running a local boutique or a nationwide e-commerce store, you need to be proactive about making your site accessible.

The Benefits of Web Accessibility

Beyond avoiding lawsuits, making your website accessible offers several benefits:
- Broaden Your Audience: An accessible website can be used by people with disabilities, which represents a significant portion of the population. By making your site accessible, you’re opening your business to more customers.
- Improved SEO: Many accessibility improvements, like proper alt text for images, can also boost your search engine ranking.
- Enhanced User Experience: Accessibility improvements often go hand-in-hand with usability improvements, making your site easier to navigate for all users.
- Positive Brand Reputation: By demonstrating that your business values inclusivity, you can enhance your brand’s reputation and build customer loyalty.
How to Calculate Your Return on Investment (ROI)

When thinking about the cost of making your website accessible, it’s important to consider the return on investment (ROI). While the upfront cost of an accessibility audit or remediation might seem high, the long-term benefits far outweigh the cost of a lawsuit.

To calculate your ROI for ADA Compliance, consider:
1. Initial Accessibility Audit: This will tell you where your site currently stands and what changes need to be made. The cost will vary depending on the size and complexity of your website.
2. Implementation Costs: These are the costs associated with fixing the accessibility issues identified in the audit. Again, this can vary but should be viewed as an investment in future-proofing your business.
3. Avoided Lawsuits: The cost of fighting a Title III lawsuit can be substantial, both financially and reputationally. By being proactive, you can avoid these costs altogether.
4. Expanded Customer Base: More accessible websites mean more potential customers. The boost in revenue can quickly outweigh the costs of compliance.
How Being Proactive with Web Accessibility Offers an Incredible ROI

The companies mentioned earlier learned the hard way that it’s always better to be proactive rather than reactive when it comes to website accessibility. Fixing accessibility issues after a lawsuit is filed is much more expensive than addressing them upfront. Not to mention, proactively making your website accessible can help you avoid the reputational damage that often accompanies ADA lawsuits.

Protect Your Online Business

Don’t wait for a lawsuit to take action on web accessibility. Get ahead of potential risks by ensuring your site is compliant now. At 216digital, we’re here to help you navigate the complexities of ADA compliance and safeguard your business. Schedule a personalized ADA briefing with us today to understand how you can protect your online presence, avoid costly lawsuits, and expand your customer base through an accessible website. Let’s future-proof your business together—schedule your ADA briefing now!
Greg McNeil

September 27, 2024

Legal Compliance

ADA, ADA Compliance, ADA Lawsuit, ADA Title II, web accessibility lawsuits
Accessibility Remediation: Definitions & Guidelines

When you’re getting started with digital accessibility, it’s easy to feel overwhelmed by all the technical jargon to wrap your head around. However, getting familiar with these key concepts is the first step toward making your website more accessible for everyone to use. In this guide, we’ll break down some of the most important terms you’ll come across in accessibility remediation. Whether it’s ensuring your site works well with keyboard navigation or understanding how assistive technologies come into play, we’ve got you covered. This quick rundown will help you get comfortable with the basics and take meaningful steps toward a more accessible site.

Key Terminology in Accessibility Remediation

When it comes to making your website accessible, there are a few key terms you’ll want to get familiar with. Here’s a quick breakdown of the essential terms you’ll encounter as you work to ensure your site is welcoming and usable for everyone.

Usability

Usability is all about how easy it is for people to navigate and interact with your website. The goal is to make sure that no one—regardless of their abilities—struggles to find what they’re looking for or complete tasks. It’s not just about making things functional, but about making them simple, intuitive, and frustration-free for all users.

Remediation

Remediation is just a fancy way of saying “fixing accessibility issues.” These are problems uncovered during an audit or assessment. This could mean tweaking your code, updating content, or adding features to make your site easier for people with disabilities. The idea is to go beyond patching things up and ensure your site works smoothly in the long run.

Compliance

Compliance refers to meeting specific legal guidelines and standards, like the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) or the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG). Following these rules isn’t just about staying out of legal trouble—it’s about making sure your site is usable by people with disabilities. By staying compliant, you protect your business and ensure an inclusive online space.

Auditing

An accessibility audit is a deep dive into your website to identify any barriers that might prevent people with disabilities from using it fully. These barriers can range from missing image descriptions to confusing layouts. Auditing is the first step in figuring out what needs to be fixed, giving you a clear roadmap to improving your site’s accessibility.

User Testing

User testing is a hands-on way to see how real people—especially those with disabilities—interact with your website. While automated tools can catch some issues, real users can point out things machines might miss, like tricky navigation or features that don’t work well with assistive technologies. It’s like getting an inside scoop on how to make your site better for everyone.

Assistive Technologies

Assistive technologies are tools that help people with disabilities use the web. These include screen readers, voice control software, and alternative keyboards. Knowing how your site interacts with these tools is key to ensuring that all users can access your content.

Screen Reader

A screen reader is software that converts the text on a website into spoken words, allowing visually impaired users to “hear” the content. It’s a vital tool for those who can’t see the screen, helping them access everything from written text to image descriptions.

Keyboard Navigation

Not everyone uses a mouse to browse a website—many people rely on their keyboard to move through a site. That’s why it’s crucial to make sure that all site functions can be accessed using keyboard shortcuts. This includes things like filling out forms, clicking buttons, and navigating menus without needing a mouse.

Alternative Content

Alternative content refers to substitutes for visual or interactive elements that some users can’t access. For example, adding descriptive text (alt text) for images helps visually impaired users understand what’s in the picture. It’s not just about including something—it’s about making sure the alternative content adds value for those who need it.

Accessibility Overlay

An accessibility overlay is a quick-fix tool that can be added to your site to address specific accessibility problems. While it might provide some immediate help, it often doesn’t get to the root of the issues. True accessibility needs to be built into your site’s design and code rather than relying on these temporary fixes.

Accessibility Monitoring

Digital accessibility isn’t something you do once and forget about—it’s an ongoing effort. Monitoring means regularly checking your site to ensure it continues to meet accessibility standards as you make updates or add new content. This way, you can catch any new issues early and make sure your site stays user-friendly for everyone over time.

Compliance Standards and Laws

When it comes to making sure your website is both accessible and legally compliant, there are a few essential standards and laws you need to be aware of. Understanding these helps you avoid potential legal issues and ensures your site is inclusive.

W3C (World Wide Web Consortium)

The W3C is the leading organization that sets the rules and standards for how the web functions. They’re responsible for creating protocols that guide the future of the web, and one of their most important contributions is the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG). These guidelines are the go-to standards for digital accessibility, ensuring that online content is usable for people of all abilities.

Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG)

WCAG is a comprehensive set of recommendations to make web content more accessible to everyone, especially people with disabilities. These guidelines are built around four main principles—Perceivable, Operable, Understandable, and Robust (often called POUR).

In short, these principles ensure that all users can perceive and interact with content, understand how to use the site and that the content works reliably across different technologies and platforms. Following WCAG isn’t just good practice—it’s often a legal requirement.

Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)

The ADA is a prominent civil rights law in the U.S. that protects people with disabilities from discrimination in various areas of life, including employment, public services, and, now, digital spaces. While the ADA doesn’t specifically mention websites, courts have increasingly ruled that digital accessibility falls under its umbrella. This means your website must be accessible, or you could be at risk of legal action for not complying with the ADA.

Section 508

Section 508 is a law that specifically applies to federal agencies and any organization working with them. It requires that all electronic and information technology, including websites, be accessible to people with disabilities. The good news is that Section 508 closely aligns with the WCAG standards, so if you’re following WCAG, you’re likely on the right track for Section 508 compliance, too.

IDEA (Individuals with Disabilities Education Act)

IDEA ensures that students with disabilities receive a free and appropriate education, and in today’s world, that includes access to digital learning materials. Whether it’s a website, software, or other digital resource used in schools, it must be accessible to all students, including those with disabilities. If you’re involved in the education sector, this law is critical for ensuring digital accessibility in the classroom.

Accommodation Approaches

Making digital content accessible takes a variety of approaches. Here are some essential methods to ensure your website can be used by everyone, regardless of their abilities.

Alt Text

Alt text, or alternative text, is a short description you add to images on your website. This ensures that people using screen readers can understand what the image is showing, even if they can’t see it. Alt text is essential for making visual content accessible to everyone.

Captions and Closed Captioning

Captions provide a text alternative for the spoken content in videos, which is helpful for people who are deaf or hard of hearing. Closed captions take it a step further, including descriptions of non-verbal sounds like music or laughter, so users get the full experience of the video.

Video Description

Video descriptions offer a spoken narration of the visual elements in a video. This allows visually impaired users to understand what’s happening on screen, beyond just the dialogue, by hearing descriptions of actions, settings, or critical visual cues.

Color Contrast

Good color contrast between text and its background makes it easier to read, especially for people with visual impairments or color blindness. By ensuring your site has good contrast, you improve readability and make sure that everyone can engage with your content.

Headings and Landmarks

Using proper headings and landmarks on your website helps users navigate more easily, especially those relying on screen readers. These tools allow users to quickly jump between sections or locate specific content without having to scroll through the entire page.

Text-to-Speech

Text-to-speech technology can convert written text into spoken words, offering another way for users to access content. This is especially helpful for users with learning disabilities, visual impairments, or even those who prefer listening over reading.

Inclusive Design

Inclusive design means thinking about a wide range of user needs from the very beginning of the design process. By considering accessibility from the start, you can build a website that works for as many people as possible, without needing to retrofit fixes later.

Text Resize and Screen Magnification

Some users need to increase text size or zoom in on parts of your website to see them clearly. By allowing for easy text resizing and screen magnification, you’re giving users with visual impairments more control over how they view your content.

Why Accessibility Remediation is Critical

Accessibility remediation isn’t just about checking boxes for legal compliance—it’s about creating an inclusive, user-friendly digital space that welcomes everyone. Let’s dive into why making your website accessible is so important:

1. Inclusivity

At its core, digital accessibility is about inclusivity. Making sure your website is accessible means that people of all abilities can engage with your content, products, or services. This enhances the user experience for everyone, whether they have a disability or not. When your site is easy to use and navigate, you’re creating a welcoming space where everyone can participate equally in the digital world.

2. Legal Protection

Compliance with accessibility standards like WCAG and laws like the ADA isn’t optional—it’s a legal requirement. Failing to meet these standards can result in lawsuits, hefty fines, and serious damage to your brand’s reputation.

3. Improved SEO

Here’s a bonus: many of the same practices that make your site accessible also happen to be great for SEO. For example, providing descriptive alt text for images not only helps visually impaired users but also helps search engines better understand your content. Structured content, clear headings, and easy navigation improve both accessibility and your search rankings. In short, making your site accessible can help you get noticed by more users—including search engines.

4. Market Reach

By ensuring your site is accessible, you’re opening your business up to a much larger audience. About 16% of the global population lives with some form of disability, and when your site is accessible, you’re making sure they can engage with your brand. This isn’t just a moral win—it’s good for business. More accessibility means more customers, which can directly lead to a boost in your customer base and your bottom line.

Take the First Step Toward Accessibility

Now that you’re more familiar with the key terms and concepts behind accessibility remediation, you’re in a great position to start making meaningful changes to your website. From ensuring proper keyboard navigation to creating alt text for images, every step you take improves the experience for users of all abilities—and keeps you on the right side of compliance.

But you don’t have to tackle this alone. At 216digital, we specialize in helping businesses create accessible websites that meet legal standards and enhance user engagement and reach. If you’re ready to make your site more inclusive and avoid potential legal risks, we’re here to guide you through the process.

Schedule a complimentary ADA strategy briefing with our team today. Together, we’ll map out a plan tailored to your business, helping you integrate WCAG 2.1 compliance into your development roadmap. Let’s start creating a digital space that welcomes everyone and sets your business up for long-term success.

Greg McNeil

September 26, 2024

Legal Compliance, Testing & Remediation, WCAG Compliance, Web Accessibility Training

accessibility Definitions & Guidelines, Accessibility Remediation, ADA Compliance, Web Accessibility Remediation, Website Accessibility
Common Web Accessibility Pitfalls That Invite ADA Lawsuits
The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) requires businesses to make their websites accessible to everyone, including people with disabilities. When websites fail to meet accessibility standards, they risk facing lawsuits. In recent years, ADA lawsuits related to digital accessibility have surged, with businesses large and small getting sued for non-compliance. But what exactly are the most common issues that lead to these lawsuits?

This article will highlight the most common web accessibility barriers that lead to ADA lawsuits and provide real-world examples of lawsuits related to these issues.

1. Missing Alt Text

Alt text, or alternative text, provides a written description of an image on a webpage. Screen readers, which visually impaired users use to navigate the internet, read this description aloud.Without alt text, users with visual impairments have no way of knowing what an image represents.

For example, if a website has an image of a product for sale, the alt text might say, “Red shoe, size 8.” Without this text, screen reader users won’t know what the image shows, making it difficult to interact with the website.

Missing or incorrect alt text is one of the most common reasons for ADA lawsuits. Many businesses overlook this small but important step, leaving essential images without descriptions.

WCAG 2.1 Guideline: 1.1.1 – Non-text Content

All non-text content, such as images, must have a text alternative that serves the same purpose.

Example ADA Lawsuit: Fox News Network LLC

Fox News Network LLC was sued because its website didn’t provide proper alt text for many images. Luc Burbon, a visually impaired user, relied on screen readers to browse the internet. When trying to navigate Fox News’ website, he encountered images without alt text, leaving him unable to understand key content. The court agreed with Burbon, emphasizing that websites must be accessible to everyone, including people with disabilities.

2. Non-Descriptive Interactive Elements

Interactive elements, like buttons and links, are crucial for navigating a website. However, if these elements aren’t appropriately labeled, users who rely on screen readers won’t know what a button or link does. This leads to confusion, frustration, and can make essential parts of the website inaccessible to users with disabilities.

For example, a button labeled “Click Here” without explaining what it does will leave screen reader users guessing, especially if there’s more than one on a page. Adding contextually relevant content to the visual or accessible label, such as “Click here to learn more about our coffee” will differentiate the element while also giving users additional context.

WCAG 2.1 Guideline: 4.1.2 – Name, Role, Value

Interactive elements should have clear labels that explain their purpose.

Example ADA Lawsuit: NIKE, Inc.

Maria Mendizabal filed a class-action lawsuit against Nike, claiming that the website had many links that were either redundant or completely empty. Users with visual impairments couldn’t understand the purpose of these links, making it challenging to navigate the site. This lawsuit demonstrates the importance of appropriately labeling interactive elements so everyone can understand them.

3. Lack of Keyboard Navigation

Many users with disabilities rely on keyboards to navigate websites, especially those who can’t use a mouse. If a website doesn’t allow for keyboard-only navigation, or if drop-down menus can’t be accessed with a keyboard, it becomes unusable for people with mobility impairments.

For example, if a menu only opens when hovered over with a mouse, someone using only a keyboard won’t be able to open it, blocking their access to critical sections of the site.

WCAG 2.1 Guideline: 2.1.1 – Keyboard

All functionality should be accessible using a keyboard.

Example ADA Lawsuit: Parkwood Entertainment LLC

In 2019, a lawsuit accused Parkwood Entertainment because Beyoncé’s official website, Beyonce.com, did not provide accessibility for users relying on screen readers.. Mary Conner, the visually impaired plaintiff, couldn’t navigate the drop-down menus using her keyboard. This prevented her from accessing important content and services, leading to a lawsuit.

4. Inaccessible Forms

Forms are commonly used on websites—for everything from signing up for newsletters to making purchases. However, forms that are difficult for people with disabilities to fill out can create barriers. Missing labels on form fields, unclear error messages, or forms that don’t work with keyboard navigation are common accessibility issues that lead to lawsuits.

For instance, if a form field asks for a phone number but doesn’t have a proper label, a screen reader user won’t know what to enter. Or, if an error message isn’t clear about what went wrong, visually impaired users won’t be able to correct their mistakes.

WCAG 2.1 Guideline: 3.3.2 – Labels or Instructions

Ensure input fields have proper labels and instructions so users know what information is required.

Example ADA Lawsuit: H&R Block Lawsuit

A notable example of this issue is the lawsuit involving the National Federation of the Blind and H&R Block. In this case, visually impaired users discovered that H&R Block’s website did not correctly label the forms. When these users tried to input their contact information or create an account, they struggled because the screen readers failed to indicate what information they needed or where to enter it.

5. Inaccessible Pop-Ups and Modals

Pop-ups and modals (dialog boxes that appear on top of a page) are common features on websites for everything from newsletter sign-ups to product promotions. However, if they are not designed with accessibility in mind, they can disrupt the user’s experience.

Pop-ups cause confusion if they appear without warning or if users can’t close them using a keyboard. Users relying on screen readers or assistive devices may not even know that a pop-up has appeared, making it impossible for them to continue interacting with the page.

WCAG 2.1 Guideline: 1.3.1 – Info and Relationships

When new content, like a pop-up, appears on the screen, announce it to the user and explain how it connects to the rest of the website.

Example ADA Lawsuit: Five Guys Enterprises

In a lawsuit against Five Guys, a visually impaired customer couldn’t complete an online order because an inaccessible pop-up appeared when trying to add fries to her cart. Her screen reader didn’t recognize the pop-up, making it impossible for her to finish the purchase. This case highlights the importance of making pop-ups accessible to everyone.

How to Avoid ADA Lawsuits

Avoiding ADA lawsuits starts with a proactive approach to web accessibility. Making your website accessible is not only a legal obligation but also an opportunity to provide a better user experience for all visitors, regardless of ability. Here are key steps you can take to avoid common accessibility pitfalls:
1. Understand Web Accessibility Guidelines: The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) are a set of standards designed to make web content more accessible. Familiarize yourself with these guidelines to understand what needs to be done. They cover aspects like text readability, alternative text for images, and keyboard navigation.
2. Conduct a Website Audit: Regularly audit your website for accessibility issues. There are tools available online that can help you identify problems, such as missing alt text for images or issues with color contrast. Consulting with a specialist firm like 216digital to conduct a thorough audit can also be a wise investment.
3. Implement Ongoing Training: Train your staff, especially those involved in website management and content creation, about web accessibility. This helps create a culture of inclusivity and ensures that accessibility remains a priority.
4. Stay Informed and Up-to-Date: Web accessibility standards and best practices can evolve over time. Stay iCompliance is not a one-time task. 216digital’s a11y.Radar service provides ongoing monitoring. It detects any new accessibility issues that may arise over time. This proactive approach helps prevent potential violations before they lead to costly lawsuits.”
Conclusion

Making sure your website is ADA-compliant is not just about avoiding lawsuits—it’s about ensuring that everyone, no matter their abilities, can access and enjoy your content. With the rise in ADA lawsuits, it’s more important than ever to take a proactive approach to web accessibility. Whether it’s fixing missing alt text or ensuring keyboard navigation, addressing these common issues can save your business time and money in the long run.

If you’re unsure where to start or need help maintaining compliance, 216digital is here to help. Through our years of experience analyzing these cases, we understand how ADA non-compliance lawsuit firms identify their targets. We can help you protect your business from these risks. At 216digital, we will develop a strategy to integrate WCAG 2.1 compliance into your development roadmap. This will allow you to focus on other tasks on your to-do list.

So don’t wait any longer; find out where you stand by scheduling a complementary ADA strategy briefing today.
Greg McNeil

September 25, 2024

Legal Compliance, WCAG Compliance

Accessibility, ADA Compliance, ADA Lawsuit, ADA Website Compliance, digital accessibility, WCAG, WCAG Compliance, Web Accessibility
Closed Captions for Online Video Content
With online video content becoming a cornerstone of business, marketing, and education, ensuring your videos are accessible to everyone is essential. One of the most effective ways to ensure your videos reach the widest audience possible is through closed captioning. But what exactly are closed captions? How do they work, and what actions must you take as a business or website owner? Let’s dive into everything you need to know about closed captions.

What Are Closed Captions?

Closed captions are text alternatives for words spoken in video or information conveyed through visual actions, designed to help people who are deaf or hard of hearing understand the content. Captions appear at the bottom of the frame and include the spoken dialogue and describe sound effects, music, or other audio cues critical to understanding the video. Closed captions can be toggled on and off by the video player, giving them control over how they experience the content.

Who Benefits From Closed Captions?

You might think closed captions are just for people with hearing impairments, but they benefit a much broader audience. Closed captions can help:
- Deaf and hard-of-hearing individuals: This is the primary group that closed captions serve, allowing them to access video content on an equal footing with hearing viewers.
- Non-native language speakers: Captions help people learning English or other languages follow along with the dialogue.
- People in noisy environments: Imagine watching a video in a busy coffee shop or on public transportation—captions make it possible to follow along even if you can’t hear the audio.
- People in quiet environments: Maybe you’re watching a video while a baby sleeps in the next room. With captions, you can follow the content without turning up the volume.
Closed Captions vs. Subtitles: What’s the Difference?

Though often used interchangeably, closed captions and subtitles aren’t quite the same. Subtitles are a text representation of the spoken words in a video. They benefit individuals with hearing impairments or people who can’t understand the spoken language but can otherwise visually perceive the content. For instance, subtitles often appear in foreign films. They don’t include sound effects or non-dialogue audio, which makes them less accessible for people who are deaf or hard of hearing.

On the other hand, closed captions include not just the dialogue but also sound effects and other crucial audio information, making them more comprehensive.

What are the Differences Between “Closed Captions” and “Open Captions”?

You’ve likely heard about “closed captions” and “open captions.” The critical difference between the two is control. Closed captions can be toggled on or off by the viewer, while open captions are always on—they’re embedded into the video file and cannot be turned off. While open captions may seem convenient, they don’t provide viewers the choice to disable them, which can sometimes detract from the viewing experience for those who don’t need them.

What Are the Legal Obligations for Closed Captioning?

As a website owner, business owner, or content creator, you must understand your legal obligations regarding closed captions. In the U.S., several laws and regulations address digital accessibility, including captioning for video content.

The ADA’s Requirements for Closed Captions

The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) states that businesses and organizations make their services accessible to people with disabilities. While the ADA doesn’t specifically mention closed captions, it requires that public-facing businesses and websites provide equal access to their services, which can include providing captions for video content.

The Department of Justice has provided guidance that websites should be accessible to everyone, and providing captions for videos is an integral part of ensuring your content meets the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG), which help businesses comply with the ADA.

FCC Requirements for Closed Captions

For online video content that has aired on TV in the U.S., the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) requires closed captions. This regulation was expanded in 2012 with the introduction of the Twenty-First Century Communications and Video Accessibility Act (CVAA), which requires that any video programming aired on television with captions must include captions when distributed online.

This act means that if your business uses TV ads or commercials and also posts them online, they must be captioned. Even if your content hasn’t aired on TV, following FCC rules for captioning is a good best practice.

What Are the Benefits of Using Closed Captioning?

Adding closed captions to your videos isn’t just about legal compliance—it can offer significant benefits to your business:
- Expanded audience: Captioning your videos makes them accessible to more people, including those with hearing impairments, non-native speakers, and people in noisy or quiet environments.
- Improved SEO: Search engines can’t watch videos but can read captions. By adding captions, you give search engines more context to the relevance of your content, which can improve your rankings in search results.
- Better engagement: Captions can help viewers stay engaged with your content. Studies have shown that videos with captions have higher engagement compared to those without.
- Increased social media reach: Many social media platforms autoplay videos without sound. Captions can ensure your message gets across, even if the audio isn’t playing.
Best Practices for Closed Captioning

Here are some best practices for closed captioning video content:
- Ensure the captions are accurate: Inaccurate captions can confuse viewers or misrepresent your content. Invest in high-quality captioning services or use tools that offer high accuracy.
- Include non-dialogue audio: Remember that closed captions provide a complete audio experience for viewers who can’t hear. Include descriptions of music, sound effects, and other audio cues that are important to understanding the content.
- Use appropriate timing: Ensure that captions appear on-screen at the same time as dialogue or actions.
- Keep the text readable: Ensure the text is easy to read by using a legible font, high contrast between the text and background, and large enough size to be legible.
How to Add Captions to Videos

There are several ways to add captions to your videos, depending on the platform and your budget:
1. Automated captioning tools: Platforms like YouTube and Facebook offer automatic captioning, though these tools often require manual review to ensure accuracy.
2. Manual captioning: You can create captions manually if you have the resources. Many video editing tools allow you to add captions by entering the text.
3. Professional captioning services: You should invest in a professional service specializing in closed captioning for high-quality, accurate captions. These services usually charge based on the length of the video.
What If My Video Service Doesn’t Support Closed Captions?

If your platform doesn’t support closed captions, consider switching to one that does. Most popular video hosting services, including YouTube, Vimeo, and Wistia, provide captioning options. If switching platforms isn’t feasible, you can include a transcript of the video as an alternative. However, this is not a perfect substitute for closed captions, as transcripts don’t provide the real-time viewing experience that captions do.

Conclusion

Closed captions are a great way to make online video content accessible to everyone, and they offer many benefits, from legal compliance to better engagement and SEO. As a business or website owner, adding captions to your videos can broaden your audience, improve your content’s reach, and ensure you’re providing a digital experience that’s inclusive to everyone.

Remember to follow the ADA, FCC, and WCAG guidelines, and always aim for accuracy and readability when adding captions to your videos. If you’re unsure if your video content is leaving you vulnerable to expensive litigation or causing you to miss out on revenue, reach out to 216digital for a courtesy evaluation.
Bobby

September 24, 2024

How-to Guides, Legal Compliance, The Benefits of Web Accessibility

ADA Compliance, Closed caption, digital accessibility, How-to, WCAG, Web Accessibility, web development
How to Build Accessible Slideshows and Carousels
Slideshows and carousels can add style and organization to a website, but they often pose accessibility challenges. If not designed with care, they can be difficult for people with disabilities—especially those who use screen readers or rely on keyboard navigation—to interact with. The good news is that by following a few key practices, you can make sure your slideshows and carousels are accessible for everyone, enhancing user experience and making your site more inclusive. Let’s break it down step by step.

Why Accessibility Matters for Slideshows and Carousels

Before we dive into the “how,” let’s talk about the “why.” Making sure your slideshows are accessible isn’t just the right thing to do; it’s essential. Accessibility is about making sure everyone can use your website, and it helps you comply with important standards like the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG).

If you skip over accessibility, you could end up frustrating visitors, losing potential customers, or even dealing with legal trouble. Plus, accessible content doesn’t just help those with disabilities—it actually improves the experience for all users and makes your site more welcoming.

Key Considerations for Accessible Slideshows

So, how do you make your slideshows and carousels accessible? Here are a few key things to keep in mind:

Keyboard Navigation

Not everyone uses a mouse to navigate a website—some people rely entirely on their keyboard. This means your slideshow should be easy to move through using just the keyboard without users getting stuck or confused.

Best Practices:
- Tab Key Navigation (WCAG SC 2.1.1): Make sure users can use the Tab key to move forward through the slides and Shift + Tab to move backward.
- Arrow Key Control (WCAG SC 2.1.2): Allow users to switch slides with the left and right arrow keys so they can navigate without getting lost.
- Visible Focus(WCAG SC 2.4.7): Ensure that buttons and interactive elements like arrows have visible focus indicators so keyboard users can easily see what they’re interacting with.
Descriptive Labels and Alt Text

For people using screen readers, descriptive labels and alt text are super important. Without them, the screen reader can’t tell the user what a button or slide is for.

Best Practices:
- Alt Text for Images (WCAG SC 1.1.1): Every image in your slideshow should have alt text that describes what’s in the image. For example, if one slide shows a chart about “Website Accessibility,” the alt text should explain the key points of the chart.
- ARIA Labels: Use an aria-label attribute to give a text label to an object, such as a “Next” and “Previous” buttons. When a screen reader encounters an object, the aria-label text is read aloud to inform the user about what it is. So, instead of a generic label like “Button,” make it something like “Next slide: About Us” so users know exactly where they’re headed.
Pause/Play Buttons

Automatic slideshows that move on their own can be frustrating—especially for people with cognitive or motor disabilities. Always give users control over the slideshow with pause and play options.

Best Practices:
- Pause/Play Button (WCAG SC 2.2.2): Make sure there’s a clearly labeled button to pause or play the slideshow and that it’s easy to use with both the mouse and keyboard.
- Adjustable Timing (WCAG SC 2.2.1): For each slide transition, users should be able to turn off, adjust, or extend the time before the slide changes. This ensures that users have enough time to read and understand the content before the next slide appears.
Using ARIA Roles for Screen Reader Compatibility

ARIA roles help screen readers understand the structure and behavior of a slideshow. They provide extra information about how it’s organized and how users can interact with it.

Best Practices:
- Role Assignment: Use ARIA roles like role= "region" to define different parts of the slideshow so that screen readers can identify them quickly.
- Live Regions: Use aria-live= "polite" to let screen readers know when a new slide has appeared, keeping users in the loop without disrupting their experience.
- Hide Inactive Slides: Only show one slide at a time to screen readers. You can do this by adding aria-hidden= "true" to the slides that aren’t currently visible.
Poor Color Contrast

Even with the best intentions, it’s easy to fall into some design traps that can hurt accessibility. If the text on your slides blends into the background, users with low vision will have a hard time reading it.

Best Practices:
- High Contrast Text(WCAG SC 1.4.3): Make sure there’s plenty of contrast between the text and background. For example, white text on a dark background or black text on a light background works well. Aim for a contrast ratio of at least 4.5:1 for standard text and 3:1 for larger text, as recommended by WCAG. You can use color contrast checkers to make sure your text stands out against the background.
Testing for Accessibility

Once you’ve added accessibility features, testing is critical to making sure everything works as it should. There are a few easy ways to test your slideshows:

Ways to Test:
- Use a Screen Reader: Try out your slideshow with popular screen readers like NVDA (NonVisual Desktop Access) or JAWS (Job Access With Speech) to see if everything is being read in the correct order and labeled correctly.
- Keyboard Navigation: Go through your slideshow using only your keyboard to make sure you can interact with all the buttons and slides.
- Automated Tools: Use tools like WAVE or the Google Lighthouse browser feature to check for common accessibility issues like missing alt text or incorrect ARIA roles.
Final Thoughts

Making your slideshows and carousels accessible might take a little extra effort, but it’s totally worth it. Not only will it make your site more inclusive, but it’ll also create a smoother experience for all your users. From ensuring easy keyboard navigation to adding meaningful labels and controlling autoplay features, each step brings you closer to a more accessible website.

So, the next time you’re adding a slideshow to your site, remember—accessibility isn’t just a nice-to-have; it’s a must-have! With a bit of planning and regular testing, you can create slideshows that everyone can enjoy.

Are you ready to make sure your website is accessible? Then, schedule an ADA Strategy Briefing with the web accessibility experts at 216digital.
Greg McNeil

September 23, 2024

How-to Guides

Accessibility, ADA Compliance, Carousels, digital accessibility, Slideshowes, WCAG, Web Accessibility, web development
Is Your Restaurant Website ADA Compliant?

If you own or manage a restaurant, you probably spend a lot of time making sure your customers have the best experience—from delicious food to a welcoming atmosphere. But have you thought about how your customers interact with your restaurant online?

In today’s digital world, your website is often the first point of contact for people looking to check out your menu, make a reservation, or order food online. But here’s the thing—if your website isn’t accessible to everyone, you could be at risk of a lawsuit. And yes, it’s happening more than you might think.

Over the past few years, more and more restaurants have been hit with lawsuits for having inaccessible websites. So, what’s going on? Let’s dive into why this is happening, what kind of issues are putting restaurants in the crosshairs, and what you can do to protect your business.

The Rise of ADA Lawsuits Against Restaurant Websites

What is the ADA?

The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) is a civil law that protects the rights of people with disabilities in all areas of public life. While it doesn’t specifically mention websites, the courts have made it clear that the ADA applies to websites, including restaurants. If your website is not accessible to people with disabilities, it is not compliant with the ADA, as websites are considered public places.

The ADA’s Impact of Online Interactions

In other words, if your website doesn’t provide accessibility to people with disabilities, it doesn’t comply with the ADA since websites count as public places. So, why are restaurants facing so many challenges? The answer is simple: people are doing more online than ever before—looking up menus, making reservations, and even ordering food. Now imagine someone with a disability trying to use your website and hitting roadblock after roadblock. It’s frustrating, and unfortunately, it happens all the time.

The Growing Trend of Lawsuits

If your website isn’t accessible to everyone, including people with disabilities, you’re at risk of being sued for violating the ADA. And these lawsuits aren’t rare—they’re happening more and more, especially in the restaurant industry. In fact, the food service industry is now one of the most targeted for ADA lawsuits, second only to eCommerce. It doesn’t matter if you’re running a big franchise or a small local café—if your website isn’t accessible, it is at risk. And the cost of these lawsuits? It can add up fast, even if you settle out of court.

Why Are Restaurants Being Targeted for ADA Lawsuits?

Restaurants are a prime target for several reasons:

High Online Traffic

People rely on restaurant websites for crucial information, like menus, reservations, and online orders. This makes them one of the most frequently visited business websites. The more people visit a website, the higher the chances are that someone with a disability will encounter barriers to access. When those barriers exist, lawsuits often follow.

Common Accessibility Issues

Many restaurant websites have the same accessibility problems, which makes them easy to target. Features like menus, online ordering systems, and location finders are commonly inaccessible to people with disabilities. For example, a visually impaired person might not be able to use a screen reader to read an online menu because the text isn’t coded correctly. Similarly, someone with limited mobility might struggle to navigate a reservation system that requires complicated mouse clicks.

Lack of Awareness

Some restaurant owners may not even realize that their websites need to be accessible. They focus on the day-to-day operations of running a business, not on the technical aspects of web development. Unfortunately, ignorance of the law isn’t a valid defense, and that lack of awareness can leave restaurants open to lawsuits.

Automated Tools for Testing

Just like in the retail industry, plaintiffs can use automated tools to check a website for accessibility problems quickly. These tools can scan for issues like missing alt text on images, poor color contrast, or difficulties with navigating menus. If a website fails these basic tests, it can be flagged as non-compliant, leading to a lawsuit.

Common Accessibility Issues on Restaurant Websites

The truth is, most restaurant websites have accessibility problems. They’re not always easy to spot if you don’t know what to look for, but for someone using a screen reader or other assistive technology, it can make your website almost impossible to use.

Menus That Aren’t Accessible

If you’ve ever uploaded a menu as a PDF or image file, it might seem like the easiest option. However, people using screen readers may struggle with these formats. Screen readers are tools that read text aloud for visually impaired users. Unfortunately, PDFs and image files can be impossible for them to navigate. If someone can’t read your menu, they can’t place an order. They also can’t decide if they want to visit your restaurant.

No Keyboard Navigation

Some people don’t use a mouse—they navigate websites using only their keyboard. If your website doesn’t support keyboard navigation, they won’t be able to click through your pages or make a reservation.

Unlabeled Form Fields

Let’s say you have an online reservation form. If the fields (like “name” and “email”) aren’t properly labeled, someone using a screen reader won’t know what information to enter. This could stop them from making a reservation at all.

Color Contrast Issues

Design is essential, but if your website uses colors that blend together too much, it can be hard to read, especially for people with visual impairments. High contrast between your text and background makes everything easier to see.

Missing Alt Text for Images

Do you know all those mouth-watering pictures of your food on your website? If they don’t have alt text (a written description of the image), someone using a screen reader won’t know what’s being displayed. This can be a huge barrier to fully experiencing your website.

What Can You Do to Avoid a ADA Lawsuit?

Now that you know what makes a restaurant website vulnerable, let’s talk about what you can do to protect yourself. The good news? You don’t have to be a tech expert to make your website accessible. Here are some simple steps you can take:

Get an Accessibility Audit

The best place to start is to have a professional conduct a web accessibility audit. They’ll go through your site and find the issues that need fixing. It’s like getting a health checkup for your website. Many companies specialize in ADA web accessibility audits and can provide you with a clear roadmap for improvements.

Use Accessibility Tools

There are free tools out there that can give you a quick idea of where your website might be falling short. Tools like Google Lighthouse can scan your site for fundamental accessibility issues, like missing alt text or poor color contrast. While these tools aren’t perfect, they are a good starting point.

Make Your Menus Accessible

One of the most common accessibility issues for restaurants is their menus. Make sure your menus are available in a text format that screen readers can easily read. Avoid using images or PDFs for your menu unless they’re tagged properly.

Train Your Team

Educate your staff about web accessibility best practices. Whether they’re creating content, updating the menu, or managing online reservations, everyone on your team should know how to make sure the website stays accessible.

Work With a Developer Who Understands Accessibility

If you’re making significant changes to your website or starting from scratch, it’s essential to work with a web developer who understands ADA compliance like 216digital. They can ensure your site is built with accessibility in mind from the start.

Stay Informed

Web accessibility laws and standards are constantly evolving. Keeping up with the latest guidelines—like the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG)—can help you stay compliant and avoid future legal trouble.

Update Your Website Regularly

Websites change often, especially in the restaurant industry, where businesses frequently update menus, promotions, and events. Make sure that any new content you add is accessible. It’s also important to ensure that your website stays compliant with the latest web accessibility standards (like WCAG 2.1).

Wrapping Up

making sure your restaurant’s website is accessible to everyone is more important than ever. With the rise in ADA lawsuits targeting restaurant websites, it’s crucial to take proactive steps to create an inclusive online experience. Not only will this help protect your business, but it will also ensure that every customer can enjoy what you have to offer.

At 216digital, we understand the challenges you face and are here to help. Whether you want to protect against a frivolous ADA accessibility lawsuit or become WCAG 2.1 AA compliant, we have you covered. After years of analyzing ADA lawsuits, we’ve discerned the tactics used by law firms to pinpoint websites for groundless ADA claims and how to protect businesses against them.

Don’t wait until it’s too late— schedule a complimentary ADA briefing with 216digital to take the first step towards website accessibility.

Greg McNeil

September 20, 2024

Legal Compliance

ADA, ADA Compliance, ADA Lawsuits, digital accessibility, Restaurants, Web Accessibility
Web Accessibility: What to Ask Your Digital Agency
When choosing a digital agency to build or maintain your website, one of the most crucial factors to consider is accessibility. Digital Accessibility ensures that your website is usable by everyone, including people with disabilities. But how do you know if your agency partner understands web accessibility and can meet your needs? Asking the right questions can make all the difference.

Why It’s Important to Ensure Your Agency Understands Digital Accessibility

Web accessibility isn’t just about checking a box; it’s about making your website available to all users, regardless of their abilities. In the United States, over 70 million adults live with a disability. If your website isn’t designed with accessibility in mind, you could miss out on a large audience. Beyond that, failing to meet accessibility standards can expose your business to legal risks, including lawsuits under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA).

Moreover, accessible websites provide a better overall user experience, which can lead to increased engagement and customer satisfaction. If a website is easy to navigate for individuals with disabilities, it’s also likely more intuitive for everyone. That’s why it’s vital to ensure your digital agency understands and prioritizes web accessibility.

When Is the Best Time to Ask Your Agency About Accessibility?

The short answer? As early as possible.

Accessibility should be baked into the foundation of your website, not an afterthought. Whether you’re designing a new website or revamping an existing one, accessibility discussions should start in the planning phase.

If you’re already working with a digital agency, it’s never too late to ask about accessibility. It’s better to make improvements now than to wait until you’re facing a lawsuit or losing customers. By prioritizing accessibility from the start, you ensure your site meets legal requirements and offers a smooth, inclusive experience for all users.

Key Web Accessibility Questions to Ask Your Digital Agency

What Is the Current State of Web Accessibility on Our Website?

Before diving into solutions, it’s essential to assess where your website currently stands in terms of accessibility. Your digital agency should conduct an accessibility audit to identify any existing issues. Here are a few questions you can ask:
- Do you offer an initial accessibility audit?
- Can you provide examples of accessibility issues that have been flagged?
- What tools or methods do you use to test for accessibility?
A comprehensive audit should highlight potential barriers on your site, like empty headers, missing alt text for images, or lack of keyboard navigation. Starting with an audit gives you a clear picture of where improvements are needed.

What Is Your Approach to Web Accessibility?

Every digital agency has a process for implementing accessibility. You’ll want to understand how your agency handles it from start to finish. Ask them about their approach and experience:

How well do you know WCAG 2.1 guidelines?

The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.1 are the industry standard for web accessibility. Your agency should be familiar with these guidelines and know how to apply them to your website.

Do you integrate accessibility into every stage of development?

Accessibility isn’t just a one-time fix. You should implement steps during the design, development, and content creation phases. Ask your agency if they have a process for embedding accessibility throughout the entire project.

Do you use both automated and manual testing methods?

Automated tools can catch many accessibility issues, but manual testing is essential for uncovering complex problems. Your agency should combine both methods for a thorough approach.

How Will You Ensure Accessibility Is Maintained?

Accessibility is an ongoing commitment. Websites change over time as content is updated and features are added. It’s important to ask how your agency plans to maintain accessibility once the site is live:

Do you offer ongoing accessibility monitoring?

Regular monitoring can help you stay compliant as web standards evolve and your website grows. Ask your agency if they provide services like continuous testing or accessibility check-ups.

Can you train our team to maintain accessibility?

If your website content is managed internally, your team should know how to keep it accessible. Some agencies offer training for content creators and developers to ensure new additions meet accessibility standards.

What is your process for updating the site to stay compliant with new regulations?

Digital accessibility laws are constantly evolving, and you need to ensure your website stays compliant. Your agency should have a plan for keeping your site up-to-date with the latest guidelines and legal requirements.

How Do You Prioritize Web Accessibility Issues?

Accessibility issues vary in severity. Some barriers, like missing alt text, are easier to fix, while others may require significant changes to your website’s structure. Ask your agency how they prioritize accessibility fixes:

How do you determine which issues need immediate attention?

Critical issues that block users from accessing content should be resolved first. Make sure your agency knows how to prioritize fixes to address the most pressing concerns first.

How long will it take to resolve accessibility issues?

Accessibility improvements should be made in a timely manner. Understanding the expected timeline helps you plan your next steps and set realistic expectations.

What’s Your Experience with Similar Projects?

Experience is vital when it comes to accessibility. You want to work with a digital agency that has a proven track record of making websites accessible:

Have you worked with other companies in our industry?

Different industries have unique accessibility challenges. For example, e-commerce sites may need to focus on accessible forms and shopping carts, while media companies may prioritize video captions and transcripts.

Can you show us examples of websites you’ve made accessible?

Case studies or portfolio examples can give you an idea of the agency’s capabilities. Look for examples that demonstrate a deep understanding of accessibility best practices.

Prioritize Accessibility from the Start

Web accessibility isn’t just a legal requirement – it’s a business imperative. By asking your digital agency the right questions, you can ensure your website is accessible to all users while avoiding the risk of legal issues.

Remember, accessibility should be an ongoing effort. Choose a digital agency that understands the importance of maintaining compliance and improving your website over time. By doing so, you’ll create an inclusive online experience that benefits both your users and your business.

Contact 216digital for Your Accessibility Needs

If you’re unsure where to start, 216digital can help. Our team specializes in ADA remediation and web accessibility, and we’re here to guide you every step of the way.

Schedule an ADA briefing with 216digital today to learn more about how we can help you maintain a compliant and accessible website. Let’s work together to make your site welcoming to everyone while keeping your business protected from legal risks.

Don’t wait—make accessibility a priority from the start!
Greg McNeil

September 19, 2024

How-to Guides, Legal Compliance

ADA Compliance, ADA Web Accessibility, digital accessibility, digital agency, Web Accessibility
Making Your Website Accessible Across All Devices
In today’s digital world, websites aren’t just accessed on desktops—they’re viewed on everything from smartphones to tablets. But with this variety of devices comes a significant challenge: ensuring your website works for everyone, no matter what screen they’re using. This is especially important for people with disabilities.

Web accessibility is about more than just following the rules. It’s about making sure everyone can navigate, interact with, and enjoy your site. If your website isn’t accessible, you’re not only missing out on a large audience but also putting your business at risk of legal trouble. And as devices become more diverse, testing your site across different screen sizes and input methods is crucial.

In this article, we’ll explore why web accessibility matters across different devices and share ways you can ensure your site is user-friendly and inclusive for everyone.

Why Web Accessibility Matters

Ensuring web accessibility is not just a best practice; it’s a vital responsibility. Web accessibility guarantees that people with disabilities can fully engage with digital content—whether that’s perceiving, understanding, navigating, or interacting with it. In the U.S., this is a legal requirement under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). Failing to meet these standards doesn’t just alienate a significant portion of your potential audience; it can also expose businesses to serious legal risks.

But accessibility is about more than avoiding lawsuits. It’s about creating a digital experience that works for everyone, regardless of how they access your site. Users interact with websites across a wide range of devices—desktops, mobile phones, and tablets—each bringing its own set of accessibility challenges. Comprehensive, device-specific testing is essential to make sure that your website remains fully functional and inclusive, no matter how users access it.

Understanding Device-Specific Accessibility Challenges

Web Accessibility on Desktops

Desktops typically offer a full-sized screen and a mouse with a keyboard. While this setup may seem straightforward, it presents its challenges. Many users rely on keyboard navigation due to mobility impairments. If your site isn’t designed for keyboard users, navigating through forms, menus, and interactive elements can be frustrating.

Web Accessibility Challenges:
- Missing or improper use of semantic HTML.
- Lack of focus indicators for interactive elements.
- Insufficient contrast between the text and background colors.
Mobile Devices

Mobile devices are now a primary way people access the internet. However, small screens and touch interfaces create unique hurdles. For example, touch targets (like buttons) must be large enough for users with dexterity issues to tap accurately.

Accessibility Challenges:
- Inadequate touch target sizes.
- Poorly designed forms that are difficult to fill out on a small screen.
- Inconsistent navigation may confuse users who switch between mobile and desktop views.
Web Accessibility on Tablets

Tablets straddle the line between desktop and mobile devices, often combining features. Users may interact with tablets via touch or keyboard, making it vital for websites to accommodate both methods. Tablets can also be used in various orientations, which may affect layout and functionality.

Accessibility Challenges:
- Orientation changes that disrupt layout.
- Inconsistent behavior between touch and keyboard navigation.
- Complications with zoom functionality affect users with visual impairments.
Effective Testing Methods and Tools

Now that we’ve explored the challenges let’s discuss how to test for accessibility effectively across different devices. Testing for web accessibility is an ongoing process that requires attention to detail and a proactive approach.

1. Manual Testing for Web Accessibility

Manual testing involves using your website as a user would. This means navigating through your site using keyboard-only navigation and screen readers. Pay close attention to how easily you can access all content.

Tips for Manual Testing:
- Navigate your site using only the keyboard (Tab, Enter, Arrow keys).
- Test with various screen readers (like JAWS, NVDA, or VoiceOver).
- Attempt to use your site on different devices and in different orientations.
2. Automated Testing Tools

While automated tools can’t catch every issue, they can help identify many common accessibility problems. Tools like Lighthouse and WAVE can scan your website to ensure compliance with WCAG (Web Content Accessibility Guidelines) standards.

Recommended Tools:
- Lighthouse: Built into Chrome Developer Tools for performance and accessibility audits.
- WAVE: A visual feedback tool that shows you accessibility issues directly on your site.
3. User Testing for Web Accessibility

Involving real users in your testing process is invaluable. This approach can reveal issues that automated tools might miss. Consider creating a focus group that includes users with various disabilities to gather their feedback.

How to Conduct User Testing:
- Recruit participants with different abilities and device preferences.
- Observe them as they navigate your site.
- Collect qualitative feedback on their experience.
Final Thoughts

Making your website accessible to everyone is not just a legal requirement—it’s a crucial part of creating a welcoming online experience. With people accessing websites on various devices, understanding and addressing web accessibility challenges is essential.

To ensure your site meets these standards, consider scheduling an ADA briefing with the experts at 216digital. Our experts will guide you through the steps needed to ensure your website not only meets legal standards but also serves all users effectively. Let’s work together to create a web that’s accessible to everyone!
Greg McNeil

September 18, 2024

Legal Compliance

ADA Compliance, digital accessibility, responsive web design, User Experience, user testing, Web Accessibility
Are Web Accessibility Overlays Hurting Users?
When it comes to making websites accessible, many businesses turn to web accessibility overlays, believing they’re a simple and quick fix. These tools promise to enhance usability for people with disabilities by adding features like text size adjustments or color contrast options. However, beneath this shiny exterior lies a troubling reality. Far too often, overlays create more problems than they solve, leaving users frustrated and excluded.

Instead of providing real solutions, these overlays can break essential functions on a website, making it even harder for people to navigate. Imagine a visually impaired user trying to read a page only to find that the overlay has garbled the text or made buttons unclickable. This isn’t just a minor inconvenience; it’s a barrier that undermines the very purpose of accessibility. With countless users reporting negative experiences, the reliance on overlays is more than just misguided—it can be harmful.

In this article, we’ll explore why web accessibility overlays often fall short of their promises and what businesses can do to truly support all users. Let’s take a closer look at the pitfalls of these quick fixes and uncover the importance of genuine web accessibility.

What Are Web Accessibility Overlays?

Web accessibility overlays are tools or widgets that website owners can add to their sites to enhance accessibility. They typically involve inserting a small JavaScript code snippet into your site, which then adds a floating button or widget. When users interact with this button, they can adjust various aspects of the site’s appearance and functionality—like changing text size, altering color contrasts, or enabling screen reader compatibility.

The appeal of these overlays is their promise of quick, low-cost accessibility improvements. They offer an attractive option for businesses looking to make their sites more inclusive without undergoing a major redesign. However, while the intention behind these tools is good, the reality often falls far short.

Overlay’s Intended Purpose

The goal of web accessibility overlays is to make websites more accessible to people with disabilities. For instance:
- Visual Impairments: Users who have difficulty seeing might benefit from high-contrast modes or text enlargement.
- Motor Impairments: Customizable interface elements can help users navigate the site using alternative input methods.
- Cognitive Impairments: Simplified navigation and text-to-speech features can make content more understandable.
In theory, these overlays should help users interact with a website more effectively by allowing them to tailor the site to their needs.

The Reality: Why Overlays Often Fall Short

Despite their good intentions, web accessibility overlays often fail to deliver on their promises. Here’s a closer look at why:

Broken Functionality

Many users with disabilities find that these overlays break essential website functions. For example, after activating an overlay’s high-contrast mode, a screen reader might start reading out garbled or irrelevant text. Interactive elements like forms or buttons may become unusable or misaligned. This can make the website even less accessible than it was before the overlay was applied.

Limited Customization

While overlays offer some level of customization, they usually fall short of addressing all accessibility needs. For instance, they allow users to change text size but do nothing to improve keyboard navigation or fix structural issues. This limited scope can be frustrating for users who need more comprehensive adjustments to navigate the site effectively.

Disruptive Presence

The floating button or widget that overlays add can sometimes interfere with the user experience. For example, it might obscure important content or navigation options. Users who rely on screen readers or keyboard navigation may find the overlay itself to be a barrier rather than a help.

Overlay’s Provide a False Sense of Security

Relying on overlays can give website owners a misleading sense of security. Just because an overlay provides some accessibility features doesn’t mean your site is fully accessible. True accessibility involves more than just adding a few features—it requires thoughtful design and regular testing to ensure that all users can interact with your site effectively.

Common Issues with Overlays

To better understand the real-world impact, let’s explore some common issues faced by users with disabilities when dealing with web accessibility overlays:
1. Navigation Problems: Overlays often disrupt keyboard navigation. For users who rely on keyboards instead of mice, this can make it challenging to move through the site or interact with elements. Buttons and links might become unreachable or behave unpredictably.
2. Inconsistent Text Appearance: Overlays might change text size or color, but they often don’t adjust all text elements uniformly. This inconsistency can make reading difficult, especially for users with low vision who rely on specific text settings.
3. Broken Links and Forms: Features like forms and links can become broken or non-functional when an overlay is applied. This issue can prevent users from completing actions like submitting information or navigating through pages, leading to frustration and abandonment of the site.
4. Visual Overlaps: High-contrast modes or other visual changes introduced by overlays can sometimes cause elements to overlap or become misaligned. This can make content harder to read and interact with, defeating the purpose of the accessibility improvements.
Firsthand User Experiences

As highlighted in the New York Times article, For Blind Internet Users, the Fix Can Be Worse Than the Flaws, and echoed by accessibility advocates, overlays often complicate rather than simplify website navigation.

Patrick Perdue, a 38-year-old blind user from Queens, sums it up well: “I’ve not yet found a single one that makes my life better.” Many like him find themselves spending more time navigating around these overlays than actually using websites effectively.

Last year, over 862 advocates and developers urged organizations to reconsider their use of overlays, citing practical ineffectiveness and potential accessibility flaws in an open letter. Even the National Federation of the Blind has condemned these tools, describing them as inadequate solutions.

Brian Moore, a 55-year-old blind user from Toronto, raises a critical question: “If you can’t fix the basic issues, what value are you adding?”

Why Overlays Are Seen as a “Quick Fix”

Web accessibility overlays are often chosen as a quick fix because they appear to offer a fast, cost-effective solution. For businesses, especially those with limited budgets or technical resources, these tools seem like an easy way to address accessibility concerns without a full site overhaul.

However, this approach is problematic for several reasons:

Superficial Solutions

Overlays generally provide superficial solutions rather than addressing underlying accessibility issues. Real accessibility involves more than just adding features—it requires a deep understanding of diverse user needs and thoughtful site design.

Potential for Increased Barriers

As highlighted by user experiences, overlays can sometimes introduce new barriers or exacerbate existing ones. This can lead to increased frustration and exclusion for users who rely on accessibility features.

Legal and Ethical Concerns

Relying on overlays alone may not meet legal standards for accessibility under regulations like the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). A genuine commitment to accessibility involves more than just using tools—it requires ensuring that your site is fully accessible to all users.

The Path to Genuine Accessibility

So, what should you do instead of relying on overlays? Here are some steps to take:
1. Invest in Design: Start by designing your website with accessibility in mind. This includes using proper HTML semantics, ensuring good color contrast, and creating keyboard-friendly navigation.
2. Conduct Regular Testing: Test your site with real users who have disabilities to identify and address issues. This helps ensure that your site performs well in real-world scenarios.
3. Seek Professional Advice: Consider consulting with accessibility experts like 216digital, who can guide you through the process of making your site truly accessible. They can provide valuable insights and help you implement best practices.
4. Commit to Continuous Improvement: Accessibility is an ongoing process. Regularly review and update your site to address new challenges and improve the user experience.
Take the Next Step Towards Accessibility

If you’re serious about making your website accessible to everyone, don’t settle for quick fixes like overlays. Instead, invest in long-term solutions that truly improve the user experience for people with disabilities. At 216digital, we specialize in helping businesses achieve genuine web accessibility and stay compliant with ADA requirements.

To learn more about how you can make your site more inclusive and avoid the pitfalls of web overlays, schedule an ADA briefing with 216digital today. Our experts will guide you through the steps needed to ensure your website not only meets legal standards but also serves all users effectively. Let’s work together to create a web that’s accessible to everyone!
Kayla Laganiere

September 17, 2024

Legal Compliance

ADA Compliance, Overlay widgets, Overlays, screen overlays, Users experience, Widgets
How to Make Your Website’s Pop-Ups Accessible
Pop-ups are often used on websites to capture leads, promote special offers, or guide users through certain actions. However, while they can be powerful tools for engagement, they can also be a nightmare for users, especially those with disabilities. An inaccessible pop-up can frustrate users, prevent them from completing tasks, or even drive them away from your site.

To ensure your pop-ups enhance the user experience for everyone, including those using assistive technology, it’s essential to focus on accessibility. Let’s dive into the challenges of pop-ups and explore actionable steps and coding techniques to make them accessible.

Challenges of Website Pop-Ups for Accessibility

Hard to Close or Dismiss

One of the most common complaints about pop-ups is how difficult they can be to close. Whether it’s a tiny “X” button or a disappearing background overlay, some pop-ups seem almost impossible to dismiss without frustration. For users with mobility impairments, small targets like these can be especially problematic. Additionally, people who rely on keyboards or screen readers may not be able to easily navigate to the close button.

Improperly Labeled Pop-Ups

Screen reader users rely heavily on clear labels and descriptions to understand the content on a page. When a pop-up appears without proper labeling, it can be incredibly confusing. If there’s no clear announcement of what the pop-up is for or if the content isn’t properly described, these users may struggle to engage with the pop-up at all.

Focus Trap

A “focus trap” happens when a user is unable to move out of the pop-up window using their keyboard. This can cause frustration and make it difficult, if not impossible, to return to the main content. For users who rely on keyboard navigation, a focus trap can completely halt their browsing experience.

Disruption of Browsing Experience

A poorly timed or intrusive pop-up can disrupt the browsing experience for all users, but it’s especially challenging for people with disabilities. Imagine navigating a website with a screen reader, and a pop-up interrupts your flow. If the pop-up isn’t well integrated or easy to dismiss, it can leave users feeling lost or overwhelmed.

Now that we’ve identified the challenges, let’s explore how to address these issues and ensure your pop-ups are accessible to everyone.

Best Practices for Accessible Pop-Ups

Make Sure Pop-Ups Are Easy to Close

One of the easiest ways to make your pop-ups more user-friendly is to ensure they’re easy to close. Provide a large, clearly visible close button, and place it in a predictable spot, like the top-right corner of the pop-up. Avoid small, hard-to-click targets, especially for users with mobility issues.

Code Tip: Include a Keyboard Shortcut

Make sure the pop-up can be dismissed using the Esc key. Adding this functionality allows keyboard users to close the pop-up quickly, without needing to navigate to a specific button.
```
document.addEventListener('keydown', function(event) {
  if (event.key === "Escape") {
    closePopup();
  }
});
```
In this example, the Esc key is programmed to trigger the closePopup() function, providing an easy way to dismiss the pop-up.

Properly Label the Pop-Up for Screen Readers

When a pop-up appears, it should be immediately announced to users who rely on screen readers. This helps provide context so they can understand what’s happening on the page. You can do this by using ARIA (Accessible Rich Internet Applications) attributes.

Code Tip: Use ARIA Attributes for Accessibility
```
<div role="dialog" aria-labelledby="popupTitle" aria-describedby="popupDescription">
 <h2 id="popupTitle">Special Offer</h2>
  <p id="popupDescription">Get 20% off your next purchase when you sign up for our newsletter.</p>
</div>
```
In this code, the role="dialog” attribute lets screen readers know that a pop-up window (dialog box) has appeared. The aria-labelledby and aria-describedby attributes provide titles and descriptions that help users understand what the pop-up is about.

Prevent Focus Trapping

A common accessibility mistake with pop-ups is trapping focus within the pop-up window, which prevents keyboard users from returning to the main content. To avoid this, ensure that users can freely navigate between the pop-up and the rest of the page.

Code Tip: Manage Focus Correctly

When the pop-up opens, move the user’s focus to the first interactive element (like a form field or close button). When the pop-up closes, return focus to the element that triggered it, allowing users to continue where they left off.
```
const popup = document.getElementById("popup");
const triggerButton = document.getElementById("triggerPopup");
triggerButton.addEventListener('click', function() {
  popup.style.display = "block";
  popup.querySelector('input').focus(); // Move focus to the first element in the popup
});
function closePopup() {
  popup.style.display = "none";
  triggerButton.focus(); // Return focus to the triggering element
}
```
Avoid Disrupting the Browsing Experience

Pop-ups should never interrupt the user’s browsing experience unexpectedly. It’s important to trigger pop-ups at the right time and make them easy to interact with.
- Don’t use pop-ups on page load – This can be jarring for users, especially those using screen readers. Instead, trigger pop-ups based on user action, like clicking a button or scrolling to a specific section of the page.
- Use overlays carefully – Ensure that any background overlay that appears when a pop-up opens doesn’t obscure important content or make it difficult for users to navigate.
- Provide Accessible Text for Pop-Up Links and Buttons
You should clearly label and make the buttons and links in your pop-up easy to understand.Avoid generic text like “Click Here” or “Submit.” Instead, use descriptive text that explains the action.

Example:
- Good: “Sign Up for Our Newsletter”
- Bad: “Submit”
This helps all users, including those using screen readers, understand exactly what will happen when they click on a button.

Keep the Design Simple and Clear

Simplicity is key when it comes to accessible pop-ups. Avoid cluttering the pop-up with too much information or distracting animations. Use high-contrast colors and large, readable fonts to make the content easy to digest.

Test with Real Users and Assistive Technologies

The best way to ensure your pop-ups are truly accessible is to test them with real users, especially those who rely on assistive technologies. Tools like screen readers, voice commands, and keyboard-only navigation can help you understand how users will interact with your pop-up.

Tools for Testing Pop-Up Accessibility:
- Screen readers: Test your pop-up with screen readers like NVDA (NonVisual Desktop Access) or JAWS (Job Access With Speech).
- Keyboard navigation: Make sure all interactive elements in the pop-up can be accessed using only a keyboard.
- Accessibility checkers: Use automated tools like WAVE or Axe to scan your site for accessibility issues.
Make a Pop with 216digital

Making sure your website’s pop-ups are accessible isn’t just about ticking boxes—it’s about making sure everyone has a great experience on your site. Simple steps like ensuring your pop-ups are easy to close, clearly labeled, and don’t trap users can make a big difference in how people interact with your content.

Whether you’re a website owner, developer, or content creator, making your pop-ups accessible means more people can engage with what you have to offer. It also shows that you care about creating a web experience that everyone can enjoy.

To take your pop-ups from good to great, consider scheduling an ADA briefing with 216digital. We’ll help you make thoughtful adjustments and test your pop-ups with assistive technologies to ensure they enhance, rather than hinder, the user experience. Let’s work together to make sure your pop-ups are welcoming and accessible to all your visitors!
Greg McNeil

September 13, 2024

How-to Guides

digital accessibility, How-to, pop-ups, Web Accessibility, web development
Web Accessibility: The Legal Risks of Ignoring It
In recent years, web accessibility lawsuits have skyrocketed, jumping from around 2,285 cases in 2018 to over 4,605 in 2023.

Today, web accessibility isn’t just a matter of inclusivity—it’s a crucial legal requirement. Websites that fail to meet accessibility standards, including those set by the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), risk facing expensive fines and legal battles.

Regardless of whether you’re running a small business or managing a big company, implementing web accessibility isn’t optional—it’s crucial. We’ll explore the legal dangers of ignoring web accessibility, review recent cases, and provide guidance on how businesses can protect themselves by ensuring they comply with the ADA.

Why Web Accessibility Matters

Accessibility is not just a legal requirement—it’s a fundamental aspect of creating an inclusive digital world. For individuals with disabilities, web accessibility means the difference between being able to fully engage with a website or facing barriers that prevent them from accessing vital information, products, or services. This includes those who may be:
- Visually impaired (e.g., blind or low vision)
- Deaf or hard of hearing
- Individuals with mobility, cognitive, or neurological disabilities
For example, a visually impaired person relies on screen readers to navigate websites, while someone with a motor impairment might depend on keyboard navigation or voice commands. Without these adaptive measures, individuals with disabilities face exclusion from participating in the digital space, which can affect their ability to work, learn, shop, or connect socially.

Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG)

The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) developed the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG), which offer a set of standards to ensure that websites are accessible. The most commonly referenced standards are WCAG 2.1 Level A and AA, and they form the basis for many legal requirements, including those found in the ADA.

ADA and Web Accessibility

The ADA was initially drafted to apply to physical spaces, but courts have since interpreted it to include websites. When a website isn’t accessible, it can be viewed as discriminatory and may lead to the business violating Title III of the ADA, which prohibits discrimination against individuals with disabilities in public accommodations.

ADA Compliance and Legal Consequences

Failure to comply with web accessibility standards can lead to serious legal issues, particularly in ADA lawsuits. Many companies have faced litigation for not having accessible websites, which could lead to court-mandated accessibility updates, financial penalties, and legal fees.

ADA Lawsuits

If your website fails to meet web accessibility standards, you risk being sued. In 2023, federal and state courts saw 4,605 ADA-related digital lawsuits, and the trend continues to grow.Organizations of all sizes, from small businesses to Fortune 500 companies, are facing these lawsuits. Every year, thousands of businesses get sued because their websites are not accessible to people with disabilities, leading to costly legal fees and settlements.

Case Study: Robles v. Domino’s Pizza

For example, in 2016, Guillermo Robles sued Domino’s Pizza, arguing that the company violated Title III of the ADA because its website and mobile app were not accessible to screen readers. A district court initially dismissed the case, but Robles took it to the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals, which disagreed with the earlier ruling. The court decided that the ADA did apply to websites and stated that Domino’s had “received fair notice” that its digital content needed to comply with the ADA. This case set a precedent for the applicability of the ADA to the digital space, reinforcing the legal obligations businesses have to ensure online accessibility.

In October 2019, the U.S. Supreme Court declined to review the Ninth Circuit’s decision. Later, in June 2021, a California federal court found that Domino’s was still in violation of both Title III of the ADA and California’s Unruh Act, as their website and mobile app remained inaccessible for ordering. As part of the settlement, Robles received $4,000 in statutory damages, and Domino’s was required to update its website to meet WCAG 2.0 guidelines.

These lawsuits often result in more than just legal fees. They can lead to significant financial penalties that can be just as damaging to a business’s bottom line.

Financial Penalties

Ignoring web accessibility can result in more than just lawsuits; businesses face hefty financial penalties that can disrupt their operations and tarnish their brand image. These penalties typically include settlement costs, attorney fees, and fines mandated by the courts. Moreover, non-compliant businesses often incur additional expenses for accessibility audits, website remediation, and ongoing maintenance to ensure compliance. The financial strain can be particularly overwhelming for small businesses, but even large corporations aren’t immune to the consequences.

Below are case studies that illustrate the severe financial penalties companies can face when ignoring web accessibility.

Case Study: Target Corporation Settlement

In 2008, Target Corporation faced a class-action lawsuit filed by the National Federation of the Blind (NFB).

The NFB claimed that Target’s website was not accessible to people who are visually impaired. Users with vision impairments couldn’t navigate the site or make purchases using screen readers. This was seen as a violation of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), which protects people with disabilities from discrimination.

As part of the settlement, Target paid $6 million to those affected. This showed businesses that not following web accessibility rules could lead to big financial penalties. Target also had to update its website to make sure it worked with screen readers and other assistive technologies.

This case was a wake-up call for many companies, highlighting that failing to meet web accessibility standards can lead to expensive legal and business problems. It set a clear example that websites, like physical stores, must be accessible to everyone.

Case Study: Beyoncé’s Parkwood Entertainment

In 2019, a visually impaired person sued Beyoncé’s company, Parkwood Entertainment. The claim was that Beyonce.com was hard to use with screen readers. The lawsuit alleged the site lacked basic accessibility features. These included image descriptions and easy navigation for screen readers. This lack of accessibility went against the ADA. It also prevented people with disabilities from accessing Beyoncé’s products and services.

The settlement details are private. However, the case shows the risks of ignoring web accessibility, even for famous brands.

Mitigating Legal Risks: Proactive Steps for ADA Compliance

To avoid expensive legal issues and damage to your reputation from not following web accessibility rules, businesses should act proactively. Here are some key steps to help you meet accessibility standards and protect your organization from ADA lawsuits.
- Understand Web Accessibility Guidelines: WCAG provides rules to make web content more accessible. Learn about these guidelines to know what changes are needed. They cover things like making text easy to read, providing alternative text for images, and ensuring keyboard navigation is smooth.
- Conduct a Website Audit: Regularly check your website for accessibility problems. There are online tools that can help spot issues, such as missing alt text for images or color contrast problems. By leveraging the expertise of professionals like 216digital, you can ensure that every aspect of your website meets WCAG standards.
- Implement Ongoing Training: Train your team, especially those who manage and create content for your website, on web accessibility. This builds a culture of inclusivity and makes sure accessibility stays a priority.
- Stay Informed and Up-to-Date: Web accessibility standards and best practices can change over time. Keep up with any updates and make necessary changes to your website to stay compliant.
- Ongoing Monitoring: Compliance isn’t a one-time task. 216digital’s a11y.Radar service offers ongoing monitoring of your website or app to catch any new accessibility issues. This proactive approach helps prevent potential violations before they result in costly lawsuits.
Get Proactive about ADA Web Accessibility

Neglecting web accessibility can lead to serious legal troubles and hefty fines, especially with the rise in ADA lawsuits. Ensuring your website is accessible is crucial for protecting your business and avoiding potential risks.

To safeguard your business and ensure you’re meeting all accessibility standards, consider scheduling an ADA briefing with 216digital. We understand developing a strategy for ADA Website accessibility and liability can be a beast of a project. So, why let web accessibility hijack your development backlog?

We will help develop a strategy to integrate WCAG 2.1 compliance into your development roadmap on your terms. To learn more about how the ADA experts at 216digital can help build an ADA WCAG 2.1 compliance strategy on your terms, schedule an ADA Strategy Briefing.
Greg McNeil

September 12, 2024

Legal Compliance

ADA Lawsuits, digital accessibility, Web Accessibility, web accessibility lawsuits
WCAG: Web Accessible Coding 101
Creating an inclusive online experience is more important than ever in today’s digital world. Accessible coding isn’t just a nice-to-have; it’s a must-have. But what does accessible coding mean, and why should you care? In this article, we’ll dive into the basics of accessible coding, explore seven fundamental principles with examples, and explain why following these guidelines benefits everyone.

What is Web Accessibility?

Web accessibility means making websites usable by everyone, including people who rely on assistive technologies like screen readers, people who can’t use a mouse, or those with visual or cognitive impairments. The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) offer a framework for creating accessible content. Adhering to WCAG helps ensure that your site is user-friendly for all.

Why Accessible Coding is Important

Accessible coding is crucial for a variety of reasons:
- Wider Audience Reach: By making your site accessible, you expand your audience and enhance user experience for everyone.
- SEO Benefits: Accessibility often overlaps with good SEO practices, boosting your website’s visibility.
- Legal Requirements: Laws like the ADA in the U.S. require websites to be accessible, protecting you from potential legal issues.
Now let’s dive into seven core principles of accessible coding and see how you can implement them in your website’s code.

1.Provide Alt Text for Non-Text Components

Alt text (short for “alternative text”) is one of the most basic, yet essential, components of web accessibility. According to WCAG 2.1 SC 1.1.1 (Non-text Content), it serves as a textual description for images and non-text content, enabling users who rely on screen readers to understand what the visual content represents.

Why Alt Text is Important:
- Screen Reader Accessibility: People with visual impairments use screen readers that read aloud the alt text. If an image lacks alt text, the user will miss out on important information.
- SEO Benefits: Alt text improves SEO by giving search engines more information about the content of your images. Search engines can’t “see” images, but they can index alt text, helping your site rank better in image search results.
Best Practices for Writing Alt Text:
- Be Descriptive and Specific: Describe the content and purpose of the image. For example, instead of just saying “image of a tree,” say, “A large oak tree in a park during autumn.”
- Keep it Concise: Alt text should typically be no longer than 125 characters. This keeps the description brief while still conveying necessary information.
- Use Empty Alt Attributes for Decorative Images: For images that serve a purely decorative purpose (i.e., they don’t convey information or serve a functional purpose), use an empty alt attribute (alt=””). This prevents screen readers from wasting time on irrelevant content.
Example:
```
<img src="award-ceremony.jpg" alt="CEO receiving the 'Best Company Award' at the 2024 Business Awards" />
```
In this example, the alt text describes the image in a way that conveys its significance. This provides context for users who cannot see the image and helps them understand its role on the page.

For purely decorative images that don’t add meaning, you would use an empty alt attribute:
```
<img src="border-decoration.png" alt="" />
```
For more information about Alt text for images, check out our article Understanding Image Alt Text Descriptions.

2. No Keyboard Traps

Keyboard accessibility is critical for users who cannot use a mouse and instead rely on keyboard navigation. “Keyboard traps” occur when users get stuck in a particular interactive element (such as a form field or a modal window) and can’t navigate out using the keyboard alone.

According to WCAG SC 2.1.1 Keyboard, websites need to be fully navigable using just a keyboard. This means that all buttons, links, and forms should be reachable and usable without a mouse. If a site doesn’t meet this standard, it can exclude many users and make it less accessible.

How to Prevent Keyboard Traps:
- Ensure All Interactive Elements Are Focusable: Elements like buttons, form fields, and links must be easily accessible via the keyboard’s “Tab” key.
- Provide a Clear Way to Escape Modals: If using pop-ups or modal windows, ensure that users can exit using keyboard controls, typically the “Escape” key.
Example:
```
<a href="submit.html" id="submit-btn" tabindex="0">Submit</a>
```
This code ensures that the “Submit” button can be accessed via keyboard. The tabindex="0" attribute allows it to be included in the natural tab order of the page.

3. Allow Users to Resize Text

People with visual impairments often need to increase the text size on websites. Accessible websites allow users to resize text up to 200% without breaking the page layout or losing content.

How to Implement Text Resizing:
- Use Relative Font Sizes: Avoid using fixed units like px for font size. Instead, use relative units such as em or percentages (%). This ensures that text can scale properly.
- Test Text Scaling: After implementing relative font sizes, test your site by increasing text size to 200% in different browsers to ensure the content remains legible and the layout doesn’t break.
Example:
```
body {
font-size: 100%; /* Base font size that scales */
}
h1 {
    font-size: 2em; /* 200% of the body text size */
}
```
In this example, the body text is set at a flexible 100%, and the headings use a relative size (2em) that will scale based on the user’s settings.

4. Avoid Seizure Triggers

Flashing elements or rapid changes in brightness can trigger seizures in people with photosensitive epilepsy. The WCAG SC 2.3.1 recommends that content should not flash more than three times per second.

How to Prevent Seizure Triggers:
- Avoid Fast Animations: If you need animations, make sure they don’t flash rapidly or use extreme changes in brightness.
- Limit Flashing to Below 3 Hz: Ensure that any flashing or blinking elements do not exceed three flashes per second.
Example:
```
/* Safe animation with no rapid flashing */
@keyframes safe-flash {
    0%, 100% { opacity: 1; }
    50% { opacity: 0.5; }
}
.flash-warning {
    animation: safe-flash 2s infinite;
}
```
This animation fades in and out at a safe pace, avoiding any rapid flashing that could trigger seizures.

5. Follow a Logical Reading and Code Order

Users who rely on screen readers navigate websites based on the underlying HTML code order, which means the structure of your code must match the logical flow of the content.

According to WCAG Success Criterion 2.4.3, websites should be designed to allow users to navigate easily using links, headings, and other navigation tools. This means your website should allow users to effortlessly find what they’re looking for without feeling lost.

How to Implement a Logical Code Order:
- Use Semantic HTML Elements: Elements like <header>, <nav>, <main>, and <footer> create a well-structured HTML document that is easy for screen readers to understand.
- Organize Content in a Meaningful Way: Ensure that headings, paragraphs, and sections appear in the correct order in your code, as this will directly impact the reading experience for users with assistive technology.
Example:

Here, the content is organized in a logical structure, making it easier for screen readers to understand and navigate.
```
  <header>
    <h1>Welcome to Our Store</h1>
    <nav>
        <ul>
            <li><a href="#home">Home</a></li>
            <li><a href="#shop">Shop</a></li>
            <li><a href="#contact">Contact Us</a></li>
        </ul>
    </nav>
</header>
<main>
    <section id="shop">
        <h2>Shop Our Latest Collection</h2>
        <p>Browse our new products for this season.</p>
    </section>
</main>
<footer>
    <p>&copy; 2024 Our Store</p>
</footer>
```
6. Use Headings Appropriately

Headings are critical for organizing content and allowing users to quickly scan and understand the page structure. Screen readers rely on headings to navigate through content, making proper heading hierarchy essential.

Best Practices for Headings:

WCAG SC 1.3.1 Info and Relationships requires that content structure and relationships be programmatically determined or available in text. Proper use of headings and a clear content structure ensure that users can navigate and understand the content more easily.
- Use Headings to Structure Content: Use <h1> for the main title of the page, <h2> for section titles, and so on. Don’t skip heading levels (i.e., don’t jump from <h1> to <h3>).
- Avoid Using Headings Solely for Styling: Headings should not be used just to make text look bigger or bolder. Use them to represent the content hierarchy.
Example:
```
<h1>Guide to Accessible Coding</h1>
<h2>Why Accessibility Matters</h2>
<h3>Legal Requirements</h3>
<h3>Improved User Experience</h3>
```
In this example, the headings follow a logical order, making the content easy to navigate for users with screen readers.

7. Use HTML Tags That Make Websites Accessible

HTML provides several built-in tags that make websites more accessible. Using these elements correctly ensures that assistive technologies can understand and interact with the content.

Key Accessible HTML Elements:
- <label>: Associates a form field with a text description, making it easier for screen readers to understand.
- <button>: Creates a clickable button that is accessible via keyboard and screen readers.
- ARIA Attributes: These attributes, such as aria-label and aria-required, provide additional context for assistive technologies.
Example:
```
<form>
    <label for="email">Email Address:</label>
    <input type="email" id="email" name="email" aria-required="true">
</form>
```
In this example, the <label> tag clearly associates the input field with its description, while the aria-required="true" attribute informs screen readers that the field is mandatory.

Don’t Just Code—Create a Welcome Mat for the Web

Creating accessible websites isn’t just about meeting guidelines—it’s about making sure everyone has equal access to information and services online. Accessible coding improves user experience for everyone and can even boost your site’s search engine ranking. Plus, it shows that you care about all your users.

By following these principles and using the resources provided, you can build websites that are welcoming and usable for everyone. Keep these guidelines in mind as you code, and your website will be a better place for all its visitors!

For more information on web accessibility and coding best practices, you can visit the WCAG website.
Greg McNeil

September 10, 2024

How-to Guides

digital accessibility, How-to, WCAG, WCAG Compliance, Web Accessibility, web development
Web Accessibility Overlays: Myths vs. Reality
You’ve just added a shiny new widget to your website, promising instant accessibility and compliance with laws like the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). Sounds too good to be true, right? That’s because it often is. Many companies market web accessibility overlays as the magic solution to all your accessibility problems. They promise that with just a quick install, your site will be fully compliant and accessible to everyone. It sounds like the easiest fix in the world—but is it really?

The truth is, while these overlays might seem like a simple answer, they don’t solve everything. From complex guidelines to ongoing legal risks, relying on an overlay alone can give you a false sense of security. In this article, we’ll dive into the real story behind these widgets and explore why genuine web accessibility requires more than just a quick fix. So, buckle up and let’s uncover the truth about web accessibility overlays and what it really takes to make your site inclusive for all users.

Myth #1: Web Accessibility Overlays Fully Automate Web Accessibility Compliance

One of the biggest misconceptions about web accessibility widgets is that they can fully automate compliance with web accessibility standards. Many companies selling these overlays promise that adding their widget to a site will instantly make it accessible and compliant with laws like the ADA or the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG). This sounds great, right? A simple piece of code can fix all your accessibility problems in a matter of minutes!

The Truth: Overlays Can’t Fix Everything

Here’s the thing: overlays can’t fix everything. While they may assist with some accessibility needs—like text resizing or color contrast—they fall short of addressing complex issues that require thoughtful design and coding. Real accessibility involves:

Complexity of WCAG Standards

The WCAG guidelines cover a wide range of disabilities—visual, auditory, motor, and cognitive. Meeting these standards often requires more than what widgets can provide. For example, overlays might not solve issues such as:
- Navigation menus that aren’t keyboard-friendly
- Popups or modals that don’t properly capture focus
- Logical tab order problems
- Incorrectly labeled images, buttons, or form fields
- Buttons made with non-interactive HTML tags
While most of these issues are not visible to all users, these issues are significant barriers for users with disabilities. This means that while overlays might help with some parts of compliance, they can’t cover everything.

Surface-Level Changes

Many overlays offer features like enlarging text or adjusting color contrast. While these can be helpful, they only address surface-level issues. True compliance involves deeper changes to the website’s code and design—something they can’t provide.

Dynamic Content Challenges

Overlays may struggle with dynamic content like live updates or interactive features. These parts of a website that change often might not work well with overlays, leading to potential accessibility problems.

Myth #2: Overlays Are a One-Size-Fits-All Solution

Some believe that widgets are a one-size-fits-all solution for every website. The idea is that once you add an overlay, it will work for every visitor, no matter their needs. Marketing claims often suggest that they can solve accessibility issues for all types of disabilities.

The Truth: Overlays Aren’t Universal Fixes

Every website is unique, and so are its users’ needs. Here’s why overlays often fall short:

Different Needs for Different Sites

Websites come in various forms, from simple blogs to complex e-commerce sites. An overlay might offer basic features, but it might not be suitable for every site. For example, a shopping site with complex navigation might need specific accessibility adjustments that an overlay can’t provide.

Incompatibility Issues

Overlays can sometimes interfere with a site’s existing design or functions, especially for custom-built websites or those with complex interactive elements. Instead of helping, the overlay might cause problems or make the site less accessible.

User Preferences

Different users have different needs. While overlays might offer some customization options, like changing font size or color contrast, they can’t cater to all specific needs. For example, someone with a motor disability might need easy keyboard navigation, while someone with a cognitive disability might need simpler content. Overlays often lack the flexibility to address all these diverse needs.

Myth #3: Overlays Improve Accessibility for All Users

It’s easy to believe that if you add an overlay, you’ve made your website more accessible for everyone. This myth is particularly damaging because it can lead to a false sense of security. Site owners might think they’ve done enough and may not feel the need to make further efforts toward accessibility.

The Truth: Overlays Can Create Barriers

Overlays can actually create new barriers for some users. For example, screen readers—used by people who are blind or have low vision—might conflict with overlays, causing confusion or glitches. In some cases, users have reported that they make websites even harder to navigate. So, while widgets might help some users in certain situations, they can also cause new challenges for others.

Myth#4: Overlays Are a Substitute for Genuine Accessibility Practices

There’s a belief that adding an overlay is all you need to do for accessibility compliance. Some think this means they can skip the hard work of manual audits, coding standards, and user testing. After all, if the overlay claims to handle accessibility, why bother with anything else? But that’s far from the truth. Genuine accessibility takes more than just a quick fix.

The Truth: Real Accessibility Requires Real Effort

True web accessibility means creating an inclusive experience for everyone, which involves more than just using an overlay. Here’s why:

Genuine Accessibility Takes Effort

Accessibility involves a mix of automated tools and human effort. Overlays might be part of an accessibility strategy, but they aren’t a replacement for manual audits and user testing. Human testers, especially those with disabilities, can provide insights that automated tools can’t. Real accessibility requires following coding standards, testing with real users, and regularly updating the site based on feedback. It’s a continuous process, not a one-time fix.

Myth #5: Web Accessibility Overlays Decrease Legal Liability

There’s a common myth floating around that adding a web accessibility overlay to your website will reduce your legal liability for not meeting accessibility standards. The idea is that if you just slap on an overlay, you’re covered, and you won’t have to worry about being sued for accessibility issues. Sounds tempting, right? Especially if you’re looking for a quick fix to avoid legal trouble.

The Truth: Overlays Don’t Eliminate Legal Risks

Here’s the reality: using an overlay doesn’t guarantee you’re legally safe. While overlays might help with some features, they don’t always meet legal requirements or ensure full compliance with laws like the ADA.

Incomplete Compliance

Overlays might improve some aspects, but they often miss key parts of accessibility, like keyboard navigation or dynamic content. If your site doesn’t fully meet accessibility standards, it can still be considered non-compliant. Legal requirements ensure all users, including those with disabilities, can access and use your website properly.

Ongoing Legal Risk

There were 933 lawsuits last year against websites using these so-called “accessibility solutions,” and the number is growing. This year, we’re on track for over 1,100 lawsuits against sites with these ineffective widgets. In the first half of 2024 alone, 503 lawsuits targeted sites with active widgets, making up 20% of all accessibility-related lawsuits this year.

Overlays in Settlement Agreements

Recently, many settlement agreements have made it clear that using overlay solutions like AudioEye, AccessiBe, and Accessibility Spark doesn’t meet compliance standards. This shows the need for strong accessibility measures integrated into your site’s design.

Overlays Can Make You a Target

Businesses using overlays are facing a rise in copycat lawsuits. Lawyers target companies with third-party widgets, knowing these tools often fall short. Tools like BuiltWith can show which websites use specific tools, making it easy to target sites with these solutions.

Why Genuine Accessibility Practices Matter

Web accessibility is about more than just meeting legal requirements—it’s about making your site usable for everyone. Genuine accessibility practices, like following WCAG guidelines, conducting manual audits, and testing with real users, ensure your site is accessible to people with various disabilities. This not only helps avoid legal problems but also improves your website for all users.

To truly reduce legal risk and provide a better experience for all users:
- Adopt Comprehensive Accessibility Standards: Follow guidelines like WCAG to meet all user needs through thoughtful design and development.
- Conduct Regular Audits and Testing: Perform manual audits and usability testing with real users, especially those with disabilities, to find and fix issues that overlays might miss.
- Continuous Improvement: Regularly update your site and re-evaluate your accessibility practices to keep up with new standards and user needs.
Final Thoughts

While web accessibility overlays might seem like a quick and easy fix for making your website compliant with the ADA, they’re far from a complete solution. Overlays often fall short in addressing complex accessibility issues, and relying solely on them can lead to incomplete compliance and even create new barriers for users. Genuine web accessibility requires a thoughtful approach that includes adhering to comprehensive standards like WCAG, conducting manual audits, and testing with real users.

If you’re serious about making your website truly accessible and reducing legal risks, consider scheduling an ADA briefing with 216digital. Our experts can help you understand the full scope of accessibility requirements and develop a strategy that goes beyond quick fixes. With our guidance, you’ll ensure your site meets all necessary standards and provides an inclusive experience for everyone. Don’t leave your website’s accessibility to chance—contact 216digital today to get started on a path to genuine compliance and better user experience.
Greg McNeil

September 9, 2024

Legal Compliance

digital accessibility, Overlay, Overlay widgets, Web Accessibility
How to Implement ARIA Landmarks and Roles for Better Accessibility
For users of assistive technologies, accessing and interacting with websites can be difficult if the proper structure and cues aren’t in place. This is where ARIA (Accessible Rich Internet Applications) landmarks and roles come in handy. Implementing ARIA landmarks and roles can significantly improve your website’s accessibility, helping users navigate more easily and interact with web elements effectively. If you’re new to ARIA, don’t worry! This guide will walk you through ARIA landmarks and roles, why they matter, and how to implement them step-by-step.

What Is ARIA and Why Is It Important?

ARIA is a set of HTML attributes intended to make webpages easier to navigate for people who rely on assistive technology, such as screen reading software. These attributes help bridge gaps in standard HTML that might not convey sufficient meaning to people with disabilities.

By using ARIA, developers can label, describe, and define the functionality of elements in ways that ensure everyone has a better user experience. Regarding web accessibility, ARIA attributes are recommended in some cases by the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG), which provide standards to help websites comply with accessibility requirements.

ARIA landmarks and roles are two essential aspects of making sure your website content is accessible for all users to understand and interact with.

ARIA Landmarks: What Are They?

ARIA landmarks are unique markers you can add to different sections of your webpage to make navigation easier for users with disabilities. These landmarks help people who use screen readers understand the structure of a webpage and quickly jump to different sections. Think of them as signposts, making it clear where key sections—like the header, main content, navigation, and footer—are located.

The major ARIA landmarks include:
- <header>: Identifies the top section of the webpage.
- <main>: Indicates the main content of the page.
- <nav>: Points to the area that contains navigational links.
- <footer>: The bottom section of the webpage.
Why Are ARIA Landmarks Important?

ARIA landmarks are invaluable for users with visual or motor impairments who use the keyboard or screen reader to navigate the web. They allow users to skip repetitive elements (like navigation bars) and jump directly to the content they’re looking for. Without these landmarks, a user would have to listen to every single line of the page to figure out where the main content starts or how to get to the footer. Using ARIA landmarks ensures that your website is easy to navigate for everyone.

How to Implement ARIA Landmarks Step-by-Step

Now that you understand the importance of ARIA landmarks let’s look at how to implement them in your website’s code. The good news? Adding ARIA landmarks is simple and can be done using standard HTML elements.

Adding the Header Landmark

The <header> element is used to define the global top section of your page, which typically contains things like the website logo, title, or main navigation links. Here’s an example of the correct usage of the HTML5 <header> region:

<header>
```
<h1>My Cool Website</h1>
<h1>My Cool Website</h1>
  <nav>
    <ul>
      <li><a href="/">Home</a></li>
      <li><a href="/about">About</a></li>
      <li><a href="/products">Products</a></li>
    </ul>
  </nav>
</header>
```
The Main Landmark

The <main> element is crucial because it defines the primary content of the page. The <main> element, along with a skip link, can allow users of assistive technology to skip past repetitive content such as the navigation:
```
<main role="main">
  <h2>Main Content</h2>
  <p>This is the most important part of the page.</p>
</main>
```
By using role=”main”, you’re ensuring that screen readers can quickly identify and jump to the core content of your page. Only one main landmark should be used per page.

Using the Navigation Landmark

The navigation area of your website should be easy to identify and skip if necessary. You can use the <nav> element or the ARIA role, but you do not need to use both:
```
<nav>
  <ul>
    <li><a href="#section1">Section 1</a></li>
    <li><a href="#section2">Section 2</a></li>
  </ul>
</nav>
<div role="navigation">
  <ul>
    <li><a href="/products">Products</a></li>
    <li><a href="/about">About Us</a></li>
  </ul>
</div>
```
With the navigation region, you’re clearly marking the section of the page that contains links for navigating to other parts of the site.

Adding the Footer Landmark

Finally, the <footer> element typically contains secondary content, such as copyright information or additional links. Adding a landmark here helps screen reader users know when they’ve reached the end of the page:
```
<footer role="contentinfo">
  <p>&copy; 2024 Your Company</p>
</footer>
```
In this case, role= "contentinfo" tells screen readers that this section provides supplementary information about the website.

ARIA Roles: What Are They?

ARIA roles go beyond marking sections of the page—they describe the functionality of specific elements. By using ARIA roles, you’re defining how an element should behave or be interacted with, especially when using assistive technologies.

Some commonly used ARIA roles include:
- “button”: Makes non-biased elements like <div> behave like a button.
- “dialog”: Defines a pop-up dialog window.
- “alert”: Marks an element as an important alert that needs immediate attention.
Why Are ARIA Roles Important?

ARIA roles give more meaning to non-standard HTML elements. For example, if you create a custom button using a <div> instead of the traditional <button> element, a screen reader might not recognize it as a button. By assigning it an ARIA role, you ensure it’s interpreted correctly, making the interaction more intuitive and accessible.

How to Implement ARIA Roles Step-by-Step

Let’s check out some examples of proper ARIA implementation.

Creating a Custom Button

If you have a custom button element (like a <div> styled as a button), you can add the role="button" to make sure it’s recognized as an interactive button by screen readers:
```
<div role="button" tabindex="0" onclick="submitForm()">Submit</div>
```
The ARIA role “button” tells assistive technology to announce this element as a button, and the “tabindex” attribute makes the element focusable via the keyboard. However, it’s always best to use the correct semantic HTML5 <button> tag whenever possible.

Adding a Dialog Role

For models or pop-up windows, you can use the role= "dialog" to make them accessible:
```
<div role="dialog" aria-labelledby="dialogTitle" aria-describedby="dialogDescription">
  <h2 id="dialogTitle">Confirmation</h2>
  <p id="dialogDescription">Are you sure you want to delete this file?</p>
  <button onclick="closeDialog()">Cancel</button>
</div>
```
The aria-labelledby and aria-describedby attributes help give context to the dialog box for users relying on assistive technologies.

Creating an Alert

If you need to display important, time-sensitive information—like an error message or form feedback—you can use the role= "alert":
```
<div role="alert">
  <p>Error: The "password" field is required.</p>
</div>
```
This role makes sure that screen readers announce the alert immediately, ensuring the user doesn’t miss critical information.

Going Beyond ARIA: Continue Your Accessibility Journey

The HTML markup of your website is far more critical than just defining the visual style of the site. It is used by screen reading software, assistive technologies, and keyboard navigation to ensure users have easy access to content. SEO crawlers also use it to determine the accuracy and relevance of your content.

By adding landmarks like header, main, navigation, and footer, and using roles like button, dialog, and alert, you’ll not only meet the accessibility standards outlined by WCAG, but you’ll also create a more user-friendly website for everyone.However, this is just one piece of the web accessibility puzzle.

Team Up with 216digital

At 216digital, we understand that keeping up with ADA compliance and accessibility best practices can be challenging. That’s why we’re here to help. We specialize in helping businesses achieve and maintain ADA compliance with expert guidance and actionable strategies. Schedule an ADA briefing with our experts today to learn more about how we can guide you through the complexities of accessibility, ensuring your website meets legal standards and delivers a great experience for all users.

Let’s make the web more accessible, together—book your ADA briefing today!
Bobby

September 6, 2024

How-to Guides

Accessibility, ADA Compliance, ARIA, How-to, WCAG, Web Accessibility, web development
How to Make Your Blog Accessible to All Readers

Creating a blog that’s accessible to everyone isn’t just good for your readers—it’s also a win for your website’s success. When we talk about web accessibility, we mean making sure that people of all abilities can access and understand your content. This includes individuals with disabilities who may use assistive technologies like screen readers. And there’s an added bonus: making your blog accessible can also improve your SEO (Search Engine Optimization), boosting your site’s visibility in search engines.

In this guide, we’ll explore several steps to ensure your blog is accessible to everyone, with a focus on improving usability and optimizing it for search engines. Whether you’re a website owner, developer, or content creator, these practical tips will help you reach a wider audience and provide a better experience for all users.

How Accessible Content Helps SEO

Let’s start with the big question: How does making your blog accessible help with SEO? Search engines, like Google, favor websites that provide a better user experience, and accessibility plays a big role in this.

When your blog is accessible, it’s easier for search engines to understand the content. Things like descriptive image alt text, structured headings, and meaningful links all give search engines more information about what’s on your page. This helps your content rank higher in search results. And since more people (including those with disabilities) can interact with your site, you’ll have a broader audience—another positive signal for SEO.

By making your blog accessible, you’ll not only help people who rely on assistive technology, but you’ll also make your content easier to find for everyone. It’s a win-win!

Use Headings to Convey Meaning and Structure

One of the easiest ways to make your blog more accessible is by using headings properly. Headings help break up your content and make it easier to follow. But they’re more than just big, bold text—they’re essential for screen readers to understand the structure of a page (per WCAG 1.3.1).

When you use headings (H1, H2, H3, etc.), you’re telling both readers and search engines what’s important on the page. Your main title should be an H1, and any subtopics should be in descending order of importance using H2s and H3s. For example, in this article, “Use Headings to Convey Meaning and Structure” is an H2 because it’s a main section, while smaller points could be H3s.

Headings allow users to skim your blog and quickly find the information they’re looking for. This is especially helpful for readers using assistive technology, as screen readers rely on heading tags to navigate a webpage.

Keep Content Clear and Concise

Nobody likes wading through long, complicated paragraphs. Most people scan online content rather than reading it word-for-word. That’s why it’s important to keep your writing clear, concise, and easy to digest (per WCAG 3.1.5).

Simple, straightforward language isn’t just good for accessibility—it’s good for your readers in general. If someone lands on your blog and can quickly understand the point you’re making, they’re more likely to stick around.

This is especially true for people with cognitive disabilities who may have difficulty processing complex information. Break up your text into short paragraphs, use bullet points or numbered lists where appropriate, and avoid using jargon unless absolutely necessary.

Remember: the clearer your content, the more accessible it is to everyone.

Describe Your Images

Images add visual interest to your blog posts, but they can create barriers if not handled properly. For people who are blind or have low vision, images need to be described in a way that makes sense with the content (per WCAG 1.1.1).

That’s where alt text comes in. Alt text is a short description of an image that is read aloud by screen readers. It should be clear and concise, describing the image’s purpose in the context of your blog post. For example, if you have a picture of a dog in a blog about pet care, your alt text might say “Golden retriever lying on grass” rather than just “dog.”

Good alt text is essential for both accessibility and SEO. Search engines can’t “see” images, but they can read alt text. By describing your images accurately, you’re helping both users and search engines understand your content better.

Make Link Text Meaningful

“Click here” is a common phrase you’ll see in blogs, but it’s not very helpful for accessibility or SEO. Instead, make your link text descriptive and relevant to the page it’s pointing to (per WCAG 2.4.4).

For instance, instead of writing “Click here for more information,” you could write “Learn more about web accessibility.” This is more meaningful for readers and screen readers alike because it gives them an idea of what they’ll find when they click the link.

Meaningful link text also helps with SEO because it gives search engines more context about the linked content. It’s another small tweak that can make a big difference in accessibility and search visibility.

Check the Comment Form—Is It Labeled Properly?

If you allow comments on your blog, it’s important to make sure your comment form is accessible. Many standard comment forms aren’t labeled properly, which can be a problem for people using screen readers (per WCAG 1.3.1).

Check that each field (like “Name,” “Email,” and “Comment”) has a label that screen readers can read aloud. This will make it easier for everyone to interact with your blog, and it shows that you care about your entire audience’s experience.

If you’re using a popular blogging platform like WordPress, there are plugins that can help ensure your forms are accessible. But it’s always a good idea to double-check that everything is labeled correctly.

Use Flexible Font Sizes

Another way to make your blog accessible is by using flexible font sizes. Not everyone has perfect vision, and some users may need to increase the font size to read your content comfortably (per WCAG 1.4.4).

Make sure your blog’s text can be resized without breaking the layout or making the page hard to navigate. You can do this by using relative units like “em” or percentages instead of fixed pixel sizes. This way, readers can adjust the font size according to their preferences.

In addition, choose fonts that are easy to read. Avoid overly decorative fonts and make sure there’s enough contrast between your text and background.

Put Your Blogroll on the Right-Hand Side

Placing your blogroll or navigation bar on the right-hand side of the page can improve accessibility. Many users with screen readers or keyboard navigation tools scan content from left to right. By placing the most important content (your actual blog post) on the left side and your blogroll or other navigation elements on the right, you make it easier for people to access what they came for (per WCAG 2.4.3).

It’s a small change, but it can significantly enhance the usability of your blog for people using assistive technology.

Conclusion

Making your blog accessible isn’t just about being inclusive—it also helps with SEO and makes your site easier to use. By using clear headings, adding alt text to images, writing simply, and making sure your site is easy to navigate, you’ll make your blog better for everyone.

Accessibility can be simple. With a few easy updates, you can make your blog a welcoming place for everyone, including people with disabilities. Not only will this improve your SEO and grow your audience, but it will also make your site more user-friendly.

If you’re unsure where to start or want to make sure you’re on the right track, schedule an ADA briefing with 216digital. We’re here to help you make your blog accessible and successful!

Greg McNeil

September 5, 2024

How-to Guides

Content Writing, digital accessibility, How-to, SEO, Web Accessibility
What to Ask When Choosing a Partner for Title II ADA Compliance

When ensuring your organization’s compliance with ADA Title II, selecting the right partner to guide you through the process is crucial. ADA Title II mandates that state and local governments, as well as any of their departments, agencies, or other instrumentalities, must not discriminate against individuals with disabilities. Compliance with these regulations safeguards your organization against legal risks and ensures your services are accessible to all individuals. To make an informed decision when choosing a partner for ADA Title II compliance, here are key questions you should ask.

Have You Worked with ADA Title III Compliance Before?

ADA Title II compliance shares similarities with ADA Title III, which focuses on public accommodations provided by private entities. A partner with experience in ADA Title III compliance will have a solid understanding of accessibility requirements across different sectors. While Title II and Title III address various types of entities, the underlying accessibility principles remain consistent. A partner with experience in both areas will bring a comprehensive understanding of the legal landscape, helping you navigate the complexities of ADA compliance more effectively.

How Well Do You Know WCAG 2.1 A/AA Standards?

The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.1 are the most widely recognized standards for digital accessibility. They provide a framework for making web content more accessible to people with disabilities, including those with visual, auditory, cognitive, and motor impairments. Ensuring your partner has an in-depth knowledge of WCAG 2.1 A/AA standards is crucial because these guidelines serve as the benchmark for evaluating your organization’s digital accessibility. A knowledgeable partner can guide you through implementing these standards, ensuring that your digital properties meet or exceed compliance requirements.

How Skilled is Your Team in Accessibility?

The expertise of the team working on your ADA compliance project is a critical factor in your success. Ask about the qualifications and experience of the team members handling your account. Do they have certifications in accessibility, such as Certified Professional in Accessibility Core Competencies (CPACC) or Web Accessibility Specialist (WAS)? How many years of experience do they have in the field? A skilled team with a deep understanding of accessibility can assure you that your project will be handled with the utmost care and expertise.

What is Your Process for Conducting Accessibility Audits?

An accessibility audit is the foundation of any compliance effort. It identifies areas where your organization falls short of ADA requirements and provides a roadmap for remediation. Ask potential partners to explain their audit process in detail. How thorough is their approach? Do they conduct both automated and manual testing? How do they document their findings?

Understanding their process will give you insight into the level of detail and accuracy you can expect in their audit reports. A rigorous audit process is essential for identifying all accessibility issues and ensuring nothing is overlooked.

How Do You Prioritize and Address Accessibility Issues?

Not all accessibility issues are created equal. Some may have a significant impact on users with disabilities, while others may be less critical. A competent partner should have a clear strategy for prioritizing and addressing accessibility issues. Ask them how they determine which issues to tackle and how to address them. Do they focus on issues that have the most significant impact on user experience first, or do they take a different approach? Understanding their prioritization process will help you resolve the most pressing issues promptly, reducing the risk of non-compliance.

What Testing Methods Do You Use?

Testing is a critical component of ensuring ADA compliance. Ask your potential partner about the testing methods they use to evaluate accessibility. Do they rely solely on automated tools, or do they also conduct manual testing?

Automated tools are excellent for identifying specific issues but can’t catch everything. Manual testing by individuals with disabilities provides valuable insights into how real users experience your digital content. A combination of both methods is ideal for a comprehensive assessment of your organization’s accessibility.

How Will You Help Us Maintain Accessibility Over Time?

Achieving ADA compliance is not a one-time effort; it’s an ongoing process. Your digital content will evolve, and new accessibility challenges may arise. Ask your potential partner how they plan to help you maintain accessibility over time. Do they offer ongoing monitoring services to ensure your digital properties remain compliant as updates are made? How do they stay up to date with changes in accessibility standards and regulations? A partner committed to long-term support will help you remain compliant and avoid potential legal pitfalls in the future.

What Technology and Tools Do You Use for Accessibility?

The tools and technology your partner uses can significantly impact the effectiveness of their accessibility efforts. Ask about the specific tools they use for auditing, testing, and remediation. Do they use industry-standard tools such as WAVE or JAWS? How do they leverage these tools to identify and resolve accessibility issues? Additionally, ask about any proprietary tools they may have developed. A partner with advanced technology and tools will be better equipped to handle complex accessibility challenges and deliver effective solutions.

Do You Offer Training?

Training is a vital component of sustaining ADA compliance. Your staff needs to be educated on accessibility best practices to ensure your digital content remains compliant as it evolves. Ask your potential partner if they offer training services. Do they provide customized training sessions tailored to your organization’s needs? Do they offer resources and support for your team to continue learning about accessibility?

A partner who offers comprehensive training will empower your organization to maintain accessibility independently, reducing the need for constant external intervention.

Conclusion

Choosing the right partner for ADA Title II compliance is a crucial decision that can have long-lasting implications for your organization. By asking the right questions, you can ensure that your partner has the expertise, experience, and resources needed to guide you through the complexities of ADA compliance. A knowledgeable and skilled partner will help you achieve and maintain compliance, mitigating legal risks and ensuring that your services are accessible to all individuals, regardless of their abilities. Prioritize partners who demonstrate a deep understanding of accessibility, a commitment to ongoing support, and a comprehensive approach to testing and remediation.

At 216digital, we specialize in helping organizations like yours successfully navigate ADA compliance with expert guidance, tailored solutions, and ongoing support. Schedule an ADA compliance briefing with our team today to learn how we can help you stay ahead of regulations, reduce legal risks, and build an inclusive digital experience. Let’s work together to ensure your organization meets and exceeds accessibility standards.

Kayla Laganiere

September 4, 2024

Testing & Remediation

ADA Compliance, ADA Website Compliance, digital accessibility, Title II, Web Accessibility
The Legal Pitfalls of Web Accessibility Overlays
Web accessibility overlays have been popping up everywhere, promising to make websites accessible with just a quick fix. These tools, often marketed as a simple solution, claim to solve accessibility issues with just a few clicks. But are they really the answer? Unfortunately, relying on an overlay might not be the quick fix it seems. Instead, it could lead to even more problems down the road, including legal trouble. Let’s take a closer look at what overlays are and the risks involved depending on them.

What Are Web Accessibility Overlays?

First, let’s break down what web accessibility overlays actually are. Overlays are tools that use a snippet of JavaScript to change a website’s code. They often come in the form of toolbars, plugins, apps, or widgets. These overlays claim to detect and fix accessibility problems on a website automatically. However, they don’t actually fix the website’s original source code. Instead, they identify basic accessibility issues, like color contrast and text size, and make adjustments. While these features are important for accessibility, the real issue is how overlays are used and depended upon.

The Legal Landscape: Recent Lawsuits and Challenges

Now that you know what overlays are and what they aim to do, let’s dive into the legal implications surrounding their use. In recent years, web accessibility overlays have faced growing scrutiny in U.S. courts. You might have heard about the recent class action lawsuit against accessiBe—one of the most popular accessibility widget providers. If you haven’t, this could be a game-changer for you.

Case Study: Tribeca Skin Care vs. accessiBe

On June 24, 2024, Tribeca Skin Care, a small dermatology practice in New York City, filed a class action lawsuit against accessiBe. Even though Tribeca used accessiBe’s overlay, a blind person still sued the practice, claiming their website didn’t meet ADA requirements. This case clearly shows the serious risks of relying solely on these tools for web accessibility.

Problems and Risks with Overlays

So, what’s the problem? Overlays like accessiBe promise to fix accessibility issues with just a few lines of code. But in reality, they can sometimes create new barriers instead of removing them. As we look at more legal cases, it becomes evident that courts are increasingly siding with plaintiffs who argue that these overlays aren’t a real substitute for having accessibility built directly into a website’s code. By mid-2024, over 20% of web accessibility lawsuits were filed against companies using these widgets. This raises a big question: Can overlay vendors really deliver the protection from lawsuits or the ADA compliance they promise?

Copycat Lawsuits: A Growing Threat

To make things even more challenging, businesses using overlays are now facing a new wave of copycat lawsuits. These lawsuits come from a new wave of ambulance chasers targeting companies that rely on third-party overlays. They know these tools often fall short of providing true accessibility. Tools like BuiltWith make it easy for anyone to see what a website is built with. With just a click, you can access a full list of websites using a specific tool—like AccessiBe or another accessibility overlay.

Exploitation of Overlay Data

What are the chances that these serial lawsuit-filing firms are using data like this to find new targets? Especially when they see success in filing lawsuits or sending demand letters against websites using overlays.

The legal argument is straightforward: if an overlay doesn’t fully meet accessibility standards, then the website is still not compliant with the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and other regulations. As a result, businesses that thought they were protecting themselves with an overlay end up in court, dealing with expensive settlements and damage to their reputation.

Why Overlays Aren’t a Solution

So, why are overlays so problematic? The answer lies in their limitations. Overlays are designed to be a one-size-fits-all solution, but accessibility needs are diverse and complex. No single tool can address every issue, especially when it comes to accommodating users with different types of disabilities. For instance, while an overlay might help someone with mild visual impairments by adjusting contrast, it can’t add quality alt-text to images, or ensure that you’re using descriptive link text, for example.

Additionally, overlays are often implemented as a quick fix rather than a comprehensive solution. This can lead to a false sense of security, where businesses believe they are fully compliant with accessibility laws when, in reality, they are not. This false confidence can backfire when a lawsuit reveals the shortcomings of the overlay, leading to financial and legal repercussions.

What Can Business Owners Do Instead?

Given the risks associated with overlays, what should business owners do instead to ensure their websites are accessible? The answer lies in taking a proactive and comprehensive approach to web accessibility. Here are some steps to consider:
1. Understand Web Accessibility Guidelines: The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) are a set of standards designed to make web content more accessible. Familiarize yourself with these guidelines to understand what needs to be done. They cover aspects like text readability, alternative text for images, and keyboard navigation.
2. Conduct a Website Audit: Regularly audit your website for accessibility issues. There are tools available online that can help you identify problems, such as missing alt text for images or issues with color contrast. Consulting with a specialist firm like 216digital to conduct a thorough audit can also be a wise investment.
3. Implement Ongoing Training: Train your staff, especially those involved in website management and content creation, about web accessibility. This helps create a culture of inclusivity and ensures that accessibility remains a priority.
4. Stay Informed and Up-to-Date: Web accessibility standards and best practices can evolve over time. Stay informed about any changes and make updates to your website as necessary to remain compliant.
5. Ongoing Monitoring: Compliance is not a one-time task with 216digital’s a11y.Radar service provides ongoing monitoring of your website or app to detect any new accessibility issues that may arise over time. This proactive approach helps prevent potential violations before they lead to costly lawsuits.
Overlays Are Not a Shortcut

Web accessibility overlays might appear to be a quick solution, but they come with significant legal risks. Recent lawsuits have demonstrated that these tools often fall short of meeting the required standards, leaving businesses exposed to potential legal issues. Instead of opting for an overlay, invest in a comprehensive approach to web accessibility. By integrating accessibility from the ground up, you can avoid the pitfalls of overlays and ensure that your site is genuinely welcoming and usable for all visitors.

True accessibility is about more than just sidestepping legal troubles—it’s about creating a web experience that everyone can use and enjoy. Don’t settle for a temporary fix. Invest in building a fully accessible website that serves all users effectively.

Team Up with 216digital

Ready to take the next step? Whether you want to protect against a frivolous ADA accessibility lawsuit or become WCAG 2.1 AA compliant, 216digital has you covered. Our team of accessibility experts can also develop strategies to integrate WCAG 2.1 compliance into your development roadmap on your terms.

Don’t wait for a lawsuit to push you into action. Schedule a complimentary ADA strategy briefing with 216digital to take the first step toward website accessibility.
Greg McNeil

September 3, 2024

Legal Compliance

ADA Compliance, digital accessibility, Overlay, Overlay widgets, Web Accessibility
Why Your Navigation Menu Needs Accessibility
When you visit a website, one of the first things you probably notice is the navigation menu. It’s usually at the top or on the side of the page, guiding you to different parts of the site. Think of it as the roadmap to all the good stuff a website has to offer. But what happens if that roadmap isn’t clear? This is where accessible navigation menus come into play.

Let’s dive into what a web navigation menu is, common accessibility challenges, why they matter, and how you can make yours more accessible!

What is a Website Navigation Menu & Structure?

A navigation menu is a list of links or buttons usually found at the top or side of a website. These links guide users to different sections of the site, like the homepage, about page, blog, or contact page. Think of it as a roadmap that helps visitors get where they want to go without wandering aimlessly.

The structure of a navigation menu can vary from simple to complex, depending on the size and type of website. Most websites use one or more of these types of menus:
- Horizontal Menus: Commonly found at the top of a webpage.
- Vertical Menus: Often located on the left or right side of a webpage.
- Dropdown Menus: This appears when you hover over or click a menu item.
- Hamburger Menus: Those three stacked lines you see on mobile websites or apps.
The structure needs to be clear and intuitive so users can find what they’re looking for quickly and easily. For example, if you’re on an online store’s website, you’d expect to find “Products” in the main menu, not buried under “About Us.”

When the navigation is well-organized, visitors can explore your site and enjoy their experience. But if it’s confusing or hard to use, people might leave — and that’s not good for any website.

Common Accessibility Challenges with Navigation Menus

Creating a navigation menu might seem simple, but there are a few common accessibility challenges that can make it tricky for some users to navigate. Here are a few examples:
- Keyboard Navigation: Not everyone uses a mouse. Some people rely on a keyboard or other assistive devices to move around a website. If your menu isn’t keyboard-friendly, it can be impossible for these users to access parts of your site.
- Screen Readers: Screen readers are tools that help people with visual impairments by reading the text on the screen out loud. If your menu isn’t designed with screen readers in mind, it might not make sense to the user.
- Color Contrast: If the text in your menu doesn’t have enough contrast with the background, it can be hard for people with visual impairments to read. For example, light gray text on a white background might look sleek, but it’s not easy for everyone to see.
- Dropdown Menus: Dropdown menus are those extra links that appear when you hover over a main menu item. They can be challenging for screen readers and keyboard users if not properly coded.
Why Are Accessible Navigation Menus Important?

Accessible navigation menus aren’t just about being kind or doing the right thing—they’re also good for business. When your site is accessible, it’s usable by everyone, including people with disabilities. This means you’re not excluding potential customers or visitors, which can lead to a better return on investment (ROI).

Additionally, accessibility is a legal requirement under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) in the United States. Websites that don’t comply with these guidelines can face lawsuits, which can be costly and damage your brand’s reputation.

Simply put, investing in web accessibility isn’t just good ethics—it’s good business.

Features of an Accessible Navigation Menu

To make sure your navigation menu is accessible, you should include several features. These features align with Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG), the go-to standards for web accessibility.

1. Keyboard Accessibility (WCAG 2.1.1 – Keyboard Accessible):

Keyboard accessibility is one of the most critical aspects of web accessibility. Some users may not be able to use a mouse due to motor disabilities, repetitive strain injuries, or personal preference. For these users, navigating a website entirely via the keyboard is essential. Here’s how you can make your navigation menu keyboard-friendly:
- Tab Order: Ensure that users can navigate through all menu items using the Tab key. The order should be logical and follow the visual flow of the website.
- Enter and Arrow Keys: When a menu item has a dropdown, users should be able to expand or collapse it using the Enter or Arrow keys. Once expanded, users should be able to navigate through the submenu items using the Arrow keys.
- Focus Management: Users should always know where they are on the page. Make sure that when a user opens a dropdown, the focus shifts to the first item in that dropdown.
Here’s an example of how you can make a simple navigation menu keyboard accessible:
```
<nav>
  <ul>
    <li><a href="#home" tabindex="0">Home</a></li>
    <li><a href="#about" tabindex="0">About</a></li>
    <li><a href="#services" tabindex="0">Services</a></li>
    <li><a href="#contact" tabindex="0">Contact</a></li>
  </ul>
</nav>
```
2. Visible Focus Indicator (WCAG 2.4.7 – Focus Visible):

Focus indicators show users where they are on a webpage when they navigate using a keyboard. Without a visible focus indicator, users can get lost, particularly if they are relying solely on the keyboard. The WCAG guidelines require that the focus indicator be clearly visible when users navigate through menu items.

Styling Focus Indicators

Customize the default focus style to make it more visible. You can use CSS to create a more prominent outline or make a background change. For example:
```
a:focus {
  outline: 3px solid #ff9800; /* Orange border for focused links */
  background-color: #f0f0f0; /* Light gray background for contrast */
}
```
Accessible Color Choices

Ensure that the color of the focus indicator has enough contrast with the background to be easily noticeable.

3. ARIA Roles and Attributes (WCAG 4.1.2 – Name, Role, Value):

ARIA (Accessible Rich Internet Applications) roles and attributes provide extra information to assistive technologies like screen readers, helping users understand the purpose and state of navigation elements. This is especially important for menus that have complex structures, such as dropdowns.

ARIA Roles

Use roles like role= “navigation” to indicate the navigation region and role= “menu” or role= “menuitem” to define menus and items within them. For example:
```
<nav role="navigation" aria-label="Main Navigation">
  <ul role="menubar">
    <li role="none"><a href="#home" role="menuitem">Home</a></li>
    <li role="none"><a href="#about" role="menuitem">About</a></li>
    
  </ul>
</nav>
```
ARIA Attributes for State

Use aria-expanded to indicate if a dropdown is expanded or collapsed. This helps users who rely on screen readers understand whether they can interact further with the menu item.
```
<button aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="submenu">Services</button>
<ul id="submenu" role="menu">
  <li role="none"><a href="#design" role="menuitem">Design</a></li>
  <li role="none"><a href="#development" role="menuitem">Development</a></li>
</ul>
```
When the button is clicked to expand the menu, JavaScript should change aria-expanded= “true”.

4. Color Contrast (WCAG 1.4.3 – Contrast (Minimum)):

Ensuring sufficient color contrast is vital for users with visual impairments, including color blindness. The contrast ratio between the text and its background should be at least 4.5:1 for normal text and 3:1 for large text.
- Choosing Accessible Colors: Use online tools like the WebAIM Contrast Checker to ensure your menu items meet the WCAG color contrast standards.
- Avoid Low-Contrast Hover States: While hover effects can be helpful, make sure they don’t reduce the text’s visibility. For example, avoid light text on light backgrounds.
5. Responsive and Mobile-Friendly Design (WCAG 1.4.10 – Reflow):

Navigation menus must be accessible across different devices and screen sizes. This is especially important given the widespread use of mobile devices.
- Responsive Design Techniques: Ensure that the menu collapses into a mobile-friendly version, like a hamburger menu, without losing accessibility features.
- Mobile Screen Readers: Make sure mobile screen readers can read and navigate the menu. Test with VoiceOver on iOS and TalkBack on Android to ensure compatibility.
6. Skip Navigation Links (WCAG 2.4.1 – Bypass Blocks):

A “Skip to Content” link allows users to bypass repetitive navigation links and go straight to the main content. This is crucial for users who rely on keyboard navigation.

<a href=”#maincontent” class=”skip-link”>Skip to Content</a>

When the page loads, users can press Tab to immediately focus on this link, skipping the menu altogether.

7. Clear and Descriptive Labels (WCAG 3.3.2 – Labels or Instructions):

Menu items should be labeled clearly to describe what users can expect when they click on them. This reduces confusion and ensures all users, including those with cognitive disabilities, can easily navigate the site.
- Avoid Vague Labels: Instead of “Explore,” use something like “Our Services” to make it clearer what users will find.
Tips for Creating an Effective Accessibility Navigation Menu

Creating an accessible navigation menu isn’t just about meeting the guidelines—it’s about creating a better experience for everyone. Here are some tips to help:
1. Keep it Simple: A clear and straightforward menu structure is easier for all users to navigate.
2. Use Clear Labels: Avoid jargon and use common terms. For example, instead of “Explore Our Solutions,” just use “Services.”
3. Include Skip Links: A “Skip to content” link allows keyboard users to skip repetitive navigation links.
4. Test with Real Users: Get feedback from people with different disabilities to understand how accessible your menu really is.
5. Provide Descriptive Anchor Text: Use anchor text that tells users where they’re going. For example, use “About Us” instead of “Click Here.”
Testing for an Accessible Menu

Once you’ve built your navigation menu, you need to test it for accessibility. Here are a few ways to do that:
- Keyboard Navigation: Try navigating your site using only the keyboard. Can you access all the menu items? Are dropdowns easy to use?
- Screen Readers: Use a screen reader like NVDA (NonVisual Desktop Access) or JAWS (Job Access With Speech) to navigate your site. Does the menu make sense when read aloud?
- Color Contrast Tools: Use color contrast checkers to make sure your text stands out against the background.
- Real User Testing: Consider asking users with disabilities to test your site and provide feedback on the navigation menu. This real-world input can be invaluable.
Conclusion

Creating a web-accessible navigation menu isn’t just about checking a box; it’s about making your website easy for everyone to use. When you improve accessibility, you also boost user experience and even your ROI. By learning about the best practices and challenges of accessible navigation menus, you can make your website more welcoming to all visitors.

Remember, accessibility is not a one-time fix. It’s important to regularly test and update your navigation menu to keep it user-friendly. If you want to take the next step in making your website more inclusive, consider scheduling an ADA compliance briefing with 216digital. Our team can help you ensure your site is accessible to everyone.
Greg McNeil

August 30, 2024

How-to Guides

digital accessibility, How-to, navigation menu, Web Accessibility, web development
Understanding HB 21-1110: Colorado’s Web Accessibility Law
Colorado has always been a leader in creating inclusive policies, and it was one of the first states to make web accessibility a law.

On July 1, 2021, House Bill 21-1110 was passed, outlining clear steps for state agencies and other organizations to ensure their websites and communication platforms are accessible to everyone.

So, what does this mean for you? How can you tell if this law affects you? And what does it mean to meet WCAG 2.1 at Level AA?

Understanding these questions is important—not just because it’s a legal requirement, but also to make sure everyone, including people with disabilities, can access digital content. This guide will explain everything you need to know about complying with HB 21-1110 and making your digital content accessible.

What is House Bill 21-1110?

House Bill 21-1110 is a major law in Colorado that requires all state and local government websites to follow digital accessibility standards. Signed by Governor Jared Polis on June 30, 2021, this bill builds on the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and gives the Chief Information Officer (CIO) of the Office of Information Technology (OIT) a key role in making sure these standards are met.

One of the biggest changes with this bill is that people can now file accessibility lawsuits not only in federal courts but also in state courts. This means more opportunities to challenge government websites that aren’t meeting accessibility standards.

The Deadline for Compliance

House Bill 21-1110 set a deadline of July 1, 2024, for all state and local government websites in Colorado to meet WCAG 2.1 Level AA standards for digital accessibility. The CIO is responsible for creating guidelines based on the latest Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG).

If government agencies don’t meet these standards by the deadline, they could face legal action from individuals with disabilities who can now file suits directly in Colorado state courts. This bill impacts over 4,000 local government entities in Colorado, pushing them to make web accessibility a priority.

Extension Grant Introduced in May 2024

In May 2024, Colorado introduced an extension for some government entities that might not meet the July deadline. These agencies could extend their compliance deadline until July 2025, but they had to show a good-faith effort toward meeting digital accessibility standards by July 19, 2024. This includes:
- Creating a detailed progress report on their websites and updating it quarterly.
- Providing an easy-to-find way for visitors to report accessibility issues, with clear contact information on public-facing pages.
Who Does HB 21-1110 Apply To?

HB 21-1110 applies to all state and local government entities in Colorado, including:
- State agencies
- Local governments (cities and counties)
- Content owners managing government websites
Any public entity providing digital services or information must comply, ensuring that people with disabilities can access government resources.

What About Non-Government Entities?

Currently, HB 21-1110 only applies to government websites. However, if you run a private business, you may still need to follow the ADA. Many U.S. courts apply the ADA to websites and use WCAG as the standard for web accessibility. It’s a good idea to make sure your site is accessible.

How Can You Know if Your Website is Compliant with HB 21-1110?

To comply with HB 21-1110, websites need to be audited for digital accessibility. This means checking the site’s content, structure, and design against WCAG 2.1 Level AA standards. While automated tools can help, it’s best to work with digital accessibility experts who can catch issues automated tools might miss, like keyboard navigation or color contrast problems.

After the audit, you’ll need to make updates, such as adding alt text to images, captioning videos, improving content structure, and enhancing form navigation.

Steps to Ensure HB 21-1110 Compliance

Here’s a simple guide to help you comply with House Bill 21-1110:
1. Conduct a Website Audit: Check your site against WCAG 2.1 Level AA standards, focusing on readability, navigation, and multimedia accessibility. Consulting with a specialist firm like 216digital to conduct a thorough audit can also be a wise investment.
2. Develop a Remediation Plan: Create a plan based on your audit to address the most pressing accessibility issues.
3. Make Necessary Updates: Work with a web development team or hire accessibility experts to implement fixes like adding alt text or improving keyboard navigation.
4. Test for Compliance: After updates, test your site again to ensure it meets the standards. It’s also helpful to get feedback from users with disabilities.
5. Monitor Accessibility Regularly: Keep auditing your site as you add new content or make changes to ensure continued compliance. 216digital’s a11y. Radar service provides ongoing monitoring of your website or app to detect any new accessibility issues that may arise over time. This proactive approach helps prevent potential violations before they lead to costly lawsuits.
6. Train Your Staff: Ensure your team understands how to create accessible content, such as writing proper alt text and making PDFs accessible.
What Are the Consequences of Non-Compliance?

If a government entity doesn’t meet the OIT’s digital accessibility standards, it could face:
- Court orders
- Monetary damages
- Fines of $3,500 per violation
- Loss of funding
- Public backlash
To avoid these penalties, it’s crucial to take action now. If you haven’t started working toward compliance, now is the time to focus on digital accessibility.

Conclusion

While House Bill 21-1110 currently applies only to state and local governments, private businesses should be proactive about preparing for future changes in digital accessibility requirements. If your business falls under Title III, now is a great time to schedule an ADA briefing with 216digital. Staying ahead of digital accessibility standards will help protect your business and ensure your website is accessible to all. Don’t wait Don’the laws to catch up—start planning today!
Kayla Laganiere

August 29, 2024

Legal Compliance

digital accessibility, HB 21-1110, House Bill 21-1110, Web Accessibility
Senators Push for Section 508 Update
In recent news, U.S. senators have advocated for an update to Section 508, a vital law ensuring federal websites and digital resources are accessible to all individuals, particularly those with disabilities. But why does this matter to you as a website owner, developer, or content creator? Let’s break down what Section 508 is, why web ADA compliance matters, and how an update could reshape the digital accessibility landscape.

What is Section 508?

Section 508, part of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, is a law focused on barriers for people with disabilities. In 1998, when the internet became crucial in everyday life, Section 508 was updated to require federal government entities to make their digital services accessible to people with disabilities. Section 508 guides everything from websites and apps to PDFs and videos.

At its core, Section 508 ensures that government websites and digital content are navigable and usable for individuals with disabilities. Some examples of accessibility improvements are implementing features like screen readers for visually impaired users, captioning for those with hearing impairments, or ensuring that people with motor disabilities can navigate websites using only a keyboard.

Check out our article “A Closer Look at Section 508” for more info on Section 508.

What is Web ADA Compliance?

While Section 508 applies specifically to federal agencies, it overlaps with the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), particularly when it comes to website accessibility. The ADA, enacted in 1990, requires public accommodations (including businesses and organizations) to be accessible to people with disabilities. Although the ADA doesn’t mention websites, courts have increasingly interpreted its provisions to apply to the digital world.

Now, let’s introduce web ADA compliance. Website owners, especially businesses, are increasingly expected to ensure their digital spaces are as accessible as their physical ones. Some examples of accessibility improvements include ensuring websites meet specific standards, such as providing text descriptions for images (alt text), creating keyboard-friendly navigation, and ensuring that users can zoom in on text without losing content functionality.

If your website isn’t compliant, you may be at risk of legal action, not to mention alienating potential customers or clients who are unable to access your site.

Why the Push for an Update to Section 508?

The internet and technology have evolved significantly since 1998, and while Section 508 has received updates over the years, many argue that it still falls short when ensuring comprehensive digital accessibility. A U.S. Government Accountability Office report found that 48% of federal websites still fail to meet basic accessibility standards.

This failure highlights the growing need for more robust, precise guidelines reflecting the rapidly changing digital landscape. U.S. Senators Bob Casey (D-PA), Chairman of the U.S. Senate Special Committee on Aging, Ron Wyden (D-OR), Chairman of the U.S. Senate Finance Committee, John Fetterman (D-PA), and Tammy Duckworth (D-IL) are advocating for an update to Section 508. They are pushing for modernized standards that consider the latest web technologies and accessibility tools in the Section 508 Refresh Act.

For example, the original guidelines didn’t account for mobile devices or advanced multimedia content, now everyday parts of online experiences. By updating Section 508, the government hopes to set a more potent example for digital accessibility that private sector websites can follow.

Section 508 Refresh Act Proposed Updates

The Section 508 Refresh Act will bring much-needed updates to the law. Here’s what the bill will do:
- Involve People with Disabilities: Federal departments and agencies will now have to include people with disabilities—both as users of government services and information, and as government employees—in the process of acquiring and testing federal technology for accessibility.
- Improve the Complaint Process: The act will reform how complaints under Section 508 are handled and set up a new process for deciding which federal technology gets purchased, with strict accountability to ensure the technology is accessible.
- Require Regular Testing: Federal departments and agencies will need to regularly test their technology to make sure it’s accessible to both federal workers and all Americans who use federal programs and information.
- Appoint Compliance Officers: Each federal department and agency will be required to have qualified, dedicated Section 508 compliance officers to ensure the technology they buy and use is accessible.
How Does Section 508 Affect Your Website?

Although Section 508 primarily applies to federal agencies, its standards can serve as a guideline for businesses and organizations striving to meet web ADA compliance. Here’s how the push for a Section 508 update could affect website owners like you:

Rising Accessibility Expectations

The conversation around digital accessibility is growing, and consumers are becoming more educated about their rights. A more substantial Section 508 could raise the bar for accessibility standards, creating a ripple effect in the private sector. While your business may not be legally bound by Section 508, failing to meet modern accessibility standards can cause a loss of revenue and costly legal engagements.

Avoiding Legal Risks

Over the past few years, ADA-related website lawsuits have increased. Big and small businesses have received expensive lawsuits for not providing accessible websites. An update to Section 508 could bring more attention to web ADA compliance, meaning your business might face heightened scrutiny. To protect yourself, it’s a good idea to stay ahead of any legal requirements by ensuring your website is accessible to all. 216digital offers complimentary ADA risk assessments.

Improving Usability for All Users

Let’s face it: accessibility isn’t just about meeting legal standards. It’s about making your website better for everyone. When your website is accessible, it’s easier to navigate, more user-friendly, and more likely to attract a wider audience. An update to Section 508 could bring more explicit guidelines and tools that can help website owners like you make necessary improvements to usability.

What Does Digital Accessibility Look Like?

Now that you understand why the push for a Section 508 update is essential let’s dive into what digital accessibility looks like. Ensuring your website is accessible means implementing changes that benefit users with disabilities, including those who are blind, deaf, or have mobility impairments. However, these changes often improve the experience for all users.

Here are a few key accessibility features to consider for your website:

Alt Text for Images

People using screen readers rely on descriptive text for images to understand the content on the page. Someone visually impaired would only know what the image is about with alt text. Adding alt text for images isn’t just a best practice for accessibility—it’s also good for SEO, helping your images rank better in search engines.

Keyboard Navigation

Not all users can use a mouse. Many people with mobility impairments rely on keyboard navigation to move through websites. Testing for keyboard navigability (with features like tabbing and clear focus indicators) is critical for accessibility.

Captioning for Videos

People who are deaf or hard of hearing rely on captions to understand video content. Providing captions for all videos on your site is a must for web ADA compliance. Fortunately, many video platforms, like YouTube, offer automated captioning services that you can edit to improve accuracy.

Text Resizing

For users with low vision, being able to zoom in on text is essential. Test your site by zooming pages to 200% and ensure your content adjusts accordingly without breaking the layout. Text resizing is especially important for mobile users who often zoom in to read content on small screens.

Readable Fonts and Colors

Some users need help with reading specific fonts or color combinations. Use simple, easy-to-read fonts and ensure adequate contrast between text and background colors. Contrast improvements will help users with vision impairments and make your website more accessible to read for everyone.

What Can You Do as a Website Owner?

With all this in mind, what steps can you take to ensure your website meets digital accessibility standards and remains web ADA compliant?

Run an Accessibility Audit

Several online tools, such as 216digital’s Accessibility Radar, can help you identify accessibility issues on your website. By running an audit, you’ll see where your site falls short and what areas need improvement.

Learn About WCAG

The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) is the gold standard for digital accessibility. Familiarizing yourself with WCAG 2.2, the latest version, can be a guideline for site improvements. These guidelines cover everything from text alternatives for non-text content to ensuring your site is compatible with assistive technologies.

Work with an Accessibility Expert

If you’re unsure how to start or need help making significant changes, consider hiring an accessibility experts like 216digital. They can help ensure your website meets Section 508 and web ADA compliance standards, reducing your risk of legal issues and improving your overall user experience.

Regularly Update Your Site

Web accessibility requires ongoing maintenance. As your site grows and changes, continually check for accessibility issues. Whether adding new content, launching a redesign, or building new features, accessibility should always be a priority.

Stay Ahead of the Game

With senators pushing for an update to Section 508, there’s never been a better time to focus on digital accessibility. Not only will improving your website’s accessibility help you avoid legal risks, but it will also create a better experience for all users. Staying on top of accessibility trends and best practices is essential for any website owner, developer, or content creator. So take the time now to ensure your site is accessible—it’s not just the right thing to do; it’s good business.

Schedule a complimentary ADA Strategy Briefing to talk with one of our accessibility experts and take the next step with confidence into web accessibility.
Greg McNeil

August 28, 2024

Legal Compliance

digital accessibility, Section 508, Web Accessibility, web compliance, Website Accessibility
Does WCAG Apply to Mobile Apps?
If you’re a website owner or app developer, you’ve probably heard about WCAG (Web Content Accessibility Guidelines). But when it comes to mobile apps, you might wonder: Does WCAG apply here too? The short answer is yes! WCAG isn’t just for websites—it extends to mobile apps as well. Let’s dive into why WCAG is important for mobile apps, what it means for accessibility, and how to ensure your app meets these guidelines.

What is WCAG, and Why Does it Matter?

WCAG, developed by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), provides guidelines to make web content more accessible for everyone, particularly people with disabilities. These guidelines help ensure that users with visual, auditory, motor, or cognitive impairments can interact with websites—and, as it turns out, mobile apps—with ease.

When WCAG was first introduced, it focused on websites, but as technology evolved, so did our understanding of accessibility. With the rise of mobile apps, it’s clear that WCAG also applies to them. Whether you’re building an e-commerce app, a social media platform, or a mobile version of your website, adhering to WCAG is crucial for staying compliant with accessibility standards and avoiding legal issues.

Does WCAG Apply to Mobile Apps?

Yes, WCAG applies to mobile apps. While WCAG wasn’t initially designed with mobile apps in mind, its principles are just as relevant in the mobile space. The guidelines are technology-agnostic, meaning they can be applied to any digital content, including mobile apps.

Mobile apps, like websites, must be accessible to everyone, and the same types of barriers that exist on websites—like unreadable text, poor color contrast, or unclear navigation—can also affect mobile apps. That’s why WCAG compliance is essential for mobile app development. Not only does it help create a better user experience for people with disabilities, but it also ensures that your app is legally compliant.

The Growing Importance of Mobile Accessibility

Mobile devices have become an essential part of our daily lives, with more people accessing information and services via apps than ever before. This makes it even more important to ensure that mobile apps are accessible. In fact, a significant portion of users rely on mobile devices as their primary way of accessing the internet, including people with disabilities. Ensuring your app meets accessibility standards isn’t just good practice; it’s a way to reach a broader audience.

Failing to consider accessibility in mobile apps can result in lost users, bad reviews, and even legal consequences. There have been several lawsuits filed in the U.S. where businesses were held accountable for not providing accessible mobile experiences. By following WCAG, you reduce the risk of these issues and open your app to a more diverse audience.

How WCAG Applies to Mobile Apps

WCAG guidelines revolve around four core principles: Perceivable, Operable, Understandable, and Robust (often abbreviated as POUR). These principles are crucial when designing both websites and mobile apps.
1. Perceivable: Information and user interface components must be presented in ways that users can perceive. For mobile apps, this means ensuring that text is readable, images are described through alt text, and media elements are captioned or have transcripts available.
2. Operable: Users must be able to interact with all interface elements using various input methods, such as screen readers or voice commands. In mobile apps, this could include ensuring that buttons are large enough to be tapped easily and that the app works with assistive technologies like voice control or switch access.
3. Understandable: The interface must be easy to understand and navigate. This is especially important for mobile apps, where the small screen size can make navigation more difficult. Make sure that users can easily understand how to use your app, with clear instructions and intuitive design elements.
4. Robust: The app must be compatible with current and future technologies. This includes ensuring that your app works well across different devices, platforms, and with assistive technologies.
Mobile App Accessibility Checklist

Now that we’ve established that WCAG does apply to mobile apps, how do you ensure that your app is compliant? Here’s a mobile app accessibility checklist to get you started:

Text and Readability
1. Text Resizing: Make sure your text can get bigger without messing up the layout. This is part of WCAG 1.4.4 (Resize Text), which means users should be able to increase text size up to 200% without losing content or functionality.
2. High Contrast: Use colors that are easy to read against each other, like dark text on a light background. This helps everyone, including those with vision problems. WCAG 1.4.3 (Contrast Ratio) suggests a contrast ratio of at least 4.5:1 for normal text and 3:1 for larger text.
3. Alternative Text: Always include a description for images, icons, and buttons. This helps screen readers explain what’s on the screen to people who can’t see the images. This follows WCAG 1.1.1 (Non-Text Content).
Keyboard and Assistive Technology Compatibility
1. Keyboard Accessibility: Make sure all parts of your app can be used with just a keyboard. This is covered by WCAG 2.1.1 (Keyboard), ensuring that users who can’t use a mouse can still navigate your app.
2. Assistive Technology: Check that your app works well with tools like screen readers, voice controls, and switches. This is important for WCAG 4.1.2 (Name, Role, Value), which ensures that assistive technologies can interpret user interface elements.
3. Screen Reader Testing: Test your app with popular screen readers like VoiceOver (for iPhones) and TalkBack (for Android phones) to make sure they work well together.
Navigation and Interaction
1. Consistent Navigation: Keep navigation easy and the same across different screens. This is part of WCAG 3.2.3 (Consistent Navigation), which helps users get around without getting lost.
2. Touch Targets: Make sure buttons and icons are big enough for everyone to tap easily. WCAG 2.5.5 (Target Size) recommends making touch targets at least 44×44 pixels.
3. Simple Gestures: Avoid using complex gestures like multi-finger swipes without offering simpler options. WCAG 2.5.1 (Pointer Gestures) suggests providing alternatives for complex gestures.
Audio and Video Content
1. Captions: Add captions to all your videos so people who can’t hear well can still understand what’s being said. This is part of WCAG 1.2.2 (Captions (Pre-recorded)).
2. Transcripts: Include transcripts for audio content and podcasts. This is a text version of the audio that helps people who are deaf or hard of hearing, covered by WCAG 1.2.1 (Audio-only and Video-only (Prerecorded)).
3. Playback Controls: Let users control the audio playback, including volume and speed, and make sure they can pause or stop it. This aligns with WCAG 1.4.2 (Audio Control).
Color and Contrast
1. Color Contrast: Ensure there’s a strong contrast between text and background colors to help users with color blindness or vision problems. Aim for a contrast ratio of at least 4.5:1 for regular text and 3:1 for large text, as recommended by WCAG 1.4.3 (Contrast Ratio).
2. Avoid Color Alone: Don’t use color as the only way to show important info. For example, if you use red to highlight an error, also include text to explain it. This follows WCAG 1.4.1 (Use of Color).
Error Identification and Recovery
1. Error Highlighting: Clearly show when something goes wrong, like a missing form field, and give tips on how to fix it. This is part of WCAG 3.3.1 (Error Identification) and 3.3.3 (Error Suggestion).
2. Clear Error Messages: Make sure error messages are easy to understand, not full of technical jargon. This helps users fix mistakes, as outlined in WCAG 3.3.3 (Error Suggestion).
3. Easy Recovery: Allow users to fix mistakes without starting over. For example, let them undo actions or correct errors easily. This is covered by WCAG 3.3.4 (Error Prevention (Legal, Financial, Data)).
Test with Real Users
1. User Testing: Even if you follow all the WCAG guidelines, it’s crucial to test your app with real users who use assistive technologies. Their feedback is invaluable for ensuring your app is truly accessible.
2. Keep Improving: Use feedback from user testing to make your app better. Keep updating and checking your app to make sure it stays accessible as you add new features.
The Benefits of Accessible Mobile Apps

Making your mobile app accessible is not just about complying with regulations—it’s about providing a better user experience for everyone. Here are some key benefits:
- Wider Audience: Accessible apps reach a broader audience, including users with disabilities who may not be able to use apps that don’t meet WCAG guidelines.
- Improved Usability: Many accessibility improvements, like clearer navigation and larger touch targets, make your app easier to use for all users, not just those with disabilities.
- Avoiding Legal Risk: Compliance with WCAG helps you stay on the right side of web compliance laws, reducing the risk of lawsuits related to accessibility.
- Better Reputation: Being proactive about accessibility can enhance your brand’s reputation and show your commitment to inclusivity.
Final Thoughts

In the digital age, mobile apps are a key part of how we interact with the world, and making sure they’re accessible is crucial for providing an inclusive experience. WCAG does apply to mobile apps, and by following the guidelines, you can create apps that are usable by everyone, regardless of their abilities. Whether you’re just starting out or you’re improving an existing app, using the mobile app accessibility checklist can help ensure that your app is WCAG-compliant and ready to serve all users.

Remember, accessibility isn’t just about following the law—it’s about doing the right thing for your users and your business. To learn more about becoming accessible and staying compliant, schedule an ADA briefing with 216digital today. We’re here to help you take the next steps!
Greg McNeil

August 27, 2024

WCAG Compliance

digital accessibility, mobile apps, WCAG, WCAG Compliance, Web Accessibility
Understanding the Limitations for Unruh Act
The Unruh Civil Rights Act (Unruh Act) is a critical piece of California legislation that ensures everyone is entitled to full and equal accommodations, advantages, facilities, privileges, or services in all business establishments. Initially passed in 1959, it is a cornerstone of California’s commitment to prohibiting discrimination based on sex, race, color, religion, ancestry, national origin, disability, medical condition, genetic information, marital status, or sexual orientation.

With the increasing number of online transactions and the expansion of e-commerce, there has been a notable rise in Unruh Act claims related to web accessibility, making it more important than ever for businesses to understand their legal obligations.

Expansion to Online Businesses

While the act initially focused on physical spaces like hotels, restaurants, and stores, its application has expanded to cover online businesses. Many online businesses, particularly those that have recently moved into the digital space, may not fully realize that their websites and apps are considered ‘places of public accommodation’ under the Unruh Act. This oversight can lead to unintentional violations and subsequent legal action.

Common Scenarios for Unruh Act Claims

Businesses that fail to comply with the Unruh Act can face serious legal consequences. The act allows individuals who have experienced discrimination to file lawsuits against offending businesses. In recent years, one of the most prominent areas of litigation under the Unruh Act has been web accessibility. Here’s a closer look at a landmark case:

Robles v. Domino’s Pizza

One of the most notable cases involving the Unruh Act is Robles v. Domino’s Pizza. In this case, Guillermo Robles, a blind man, sued Domino’s Pizza, claiming that the company’s website and mobile app were inaccessible to visually impaired users who rely on screen readers. Robles argued that this lack of accessibility violated both the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and the Unruh Act.

The case eventually made its way to the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals, which ruled in favor of Robles. The court affirmed that websites and mobile apps are considered places of public accommodation under both the ADA and the Unruh Act.

The Robles case has set a significant precedent, leading to increased scrutiny of businesses’ digital accessibility efforts. Since this ruling, numerous lawsuits have been filed against companies that fail to provide accessible online services, highlighting the importance of proactive compliance.

Statute of Limitations for Unruh Act Claims

In legal terms, the statute of limitations is a set period during which a person must file a lawsuit or claim after an event occurs. It helps protect both sides: the person bringing the case (plaintiff) and the person being sued (defendant). This time limit ensures that cases are addressed in a reasonable amount of time and prevents legal actions from dragging on forever.

Timeframes for Filing Claims

In California, the timeframe for filing a claim under the Unruh Act depends on how the claim is handled.
- Through the California Civil Rights Department (CRD): If a plaintiff wants to file a claim through the CRD, they must do so within one year from the date of the alleged discrimination.
- Privately: If the claim is filed privately, not through the CRD, the timeframe extends to two years from the date of the discriminatory act.
Consequences of Missing the Deadline

Missing the statute of limitations for an Unruh Act claim can have significant consequences. For plaintiffs, it means the loss of the opportunity to seek compensation for the harm they have suffered. This could include financial damages and the chance to force a business to change its discriminatory practices.

Missing the deadline does not absolve businesses of the underlying issue. While they may avoid a particular lawsuit, the continued failure to comply with the Unruh Act leaves them vulnerable to future claims. Moreover, the reputational damage associated with non-compliance can negatively impact customer trust and loyalty.

It’s also worth noting that businesses that repeatedly fail to comply with the Unruh Act may become targets for serial litigants—individuals who seek out violations specifically to file lawsuits. This can result in multiple lawsuits, leading to substantial legal fees, settlements, and other costs.

Protecting Your Online Business

Given the complexities and potential risks associated with the Unruh Act, online businesses must take proactive steps to ensure compliance. This is where partnering with a knowledgeable and experienced firm like 216digital can make a significant difference.

216digital’s Accessibility Services

At 216digital, we specialize in web accessibility and compliance services designed to protect businesses from the legal risks associated with the Unruh Act and other similar regulations. Our comprehensive approach includes:
- Accessibility Audits: We conduct thorough accessibility audits of your website or app to identify potential issues that could lead to Unruh Act claims. Our audits cover both automated and manual testing methods to ensure that all aspects of accessibility are addressed.
- Remediation Services: Once issues are identified, we provide expert remediation services to bring your digital properties into compliance. This includes making necessary code changes, optimizing for assistive technologies, and ensuring all content is accessible.
- Ongoing Monitoring: Compliance is not a one-time task with 216digital’s a11y.Radar service provides ongoing monitoring of your website or app to detect any new accessibility issues that may arise over time. This proactive approach helps prevent potential violations before they lead to costly lawsuits.
- Consulting and Training: We offer consulting services to help your team understand the requirements of the Unruh Act and other accessibility laws. Additionally, we provide training to ensure your team maintains compliance as you update and expand your digital presence.
By partnering with 216digital, you can protect your business from the risks of Unruh Act claims and demonstrate your commitment to inclusivity and accessibility, which can enhance your brand reputation and customer loyalty.

Wrapping Up

The Unruh Civil Rights Act is a powerful tool for protecting the rights of individuals in California, and its application to online businesses underscores the importance of web accessibility. Understanding the limitations of the Unruh Act, including the statute of limitations for filing claims, is essential for both individuals seeking to enforce their rights and businesses aiming to avoid legal pitfalls.

For businesses, the best defense against Unruh Act claims is a proactive approach to web accessibility. By working with an expert partner like 216digital, you can ensure that your online presence fully complies with the law, protecting your business from legal risks while enhancing the user experience for all visitors.
Greg McNeil

August 26, 2024

Legal Compliance

digital accessibility, Unruh Act, Unruh Civil Rights Act, Web Accessibility, Website Accessibility
Digital Accessibility: Efficiency & ROI Tips
When you think about digital accessibility, what comes to mind? For many website owners and content creators, it might feel like another box to check or a task that’s too complicated to tackle without a big team and a bigger budget. But here’s the thing: making your website accessible doesn’t have to be overwhelming, and it certainly doesn’t have to break the bank. In fact, when done right, digital accessibility can offer a significant return on investment (ROI) while helping you do more with less.

Why Efficiency Matters in Digital Accessibility

Let’s start with why efficiency is so crucial. The digital landscape is ever-evolving, and keeping up with accessibility standards can feel like trying to hit a moving target. But efficiency isn’t just about working faster; it’s about working smarter. When approaching accessibility efficiently, you streamline your processes, prioritize what matters most, and maximize your resources.

Here’s why efficiency should be at the heart of your accessibility strategy:
1. Save Time and Resources: Time is money, and when you work efficiently, you save both. By focusing on high-impact areas first and using the right tools, you can make meaningful progress without wasting time on tasks that offer little value.
2. Ensure Ongoing Web Compliance: Digital accessibility isn’t a one-time fix; it’s an ongoing commitment. An efficient approach helps you maintain compliance with laws like the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and stay ahead of any changes in regulations.
3. Enhance User Experience: Accessibility isn’t just about checking off boxes; it’s about creating a better experience for all users. When your website is accessible, it’s easier to navigate, more user-friendly, and ultimately, more engaging.
How to Accomplish More with Less in Digital Accessibility

So, how can your team achieve efficiency in digital accessibility? It starts with a strategic approach that leverages the right tools and focuses on what really matters. Here are some tips to help you do more with less:
1. Prioritize the Big Wins: Not all accessibility issues are created equal. Focus on fixing the most critical problems first—those that affect the largest number of users or that are legally required. By prioritizing these big wins, you can make a significant impact quickly.
2. Automate Where Possible: Automation is your friend when it comes to digital accessibility. Use automated tools to handle repetitive tasks like scanning your website for common accessibility issues. This frees up your team to focus on more complex tasks that require human judgment and creativity.
3. Standardize and Reuse Components: If your website uses consistent design patterns or templates, make sure these are accessible from the start. By creating standardized, reusable components that are already accessible, you reduce the need for rework and ensure new content is compliant from the get-go.
4. Keep Your Team Educated: Accessibility is a team effort. Make sure everyone involved in your website—from designers to developers to content creators—understands the basics of digital accessibility. This way, accessibility becomes part of your team’s workflow, not an afterthought.
5. Monitor and Adapt: Accessibility isn’t static. Regularly monitor your website to ensure it remains compliant and accessible. Stay updated on changes in accessibility standards and be ready to adapt your approach as needed.
Accelerate Accessibility with an Expert Partner

Even with the best strategies in place, tackling digital accessibility on your own can still be a challenge. That’s where an expert partner like 216digital comes in. By working with a team that specializes in web accessibility, you can accelerate your efforts, achieve better results, and ensure long-term success.

Here’s how an expert partner can help:
1. Tailored Solutions: Every website is different, and a one-size-fits-all approach to accessibility won’t cut it. 216digital offers customized solutions that address your specific needs, ensuring you’re focusing your efforts where they’ll have the most impact.
2. Experience and Expertise: Accessibility experts bring a wealth of knowledge and experience to the table. They can help you navigate the complexities of web compliance, from understanding the latest guidelines to implementing the most effective strategies.
3. Ongoing Support and Monitoring: Accessibility isn’t something you can set and forget. With ongoing support from an expert partner, you can stay on top of accessibility issues and ensure your website remains accessible over time. 216digital’s services, like their a11y.Radar monitoring service, offer continuous oversight, helping you maintain accessibility and avoid legal pitfalls.
4. Risk Mitigation: Proactively addressing accessibility issues reduces the risk of facing costly lawsuits. By partnering with experts who understand the legal landscape, you can protect your business while creating a more inclusive online presence.
The ROI of Digital Accessibility

So, what’s the return on investment for all this effort? The truth is that the benefits of digital accessibility go far beyond just avoiding legal trouble. Here’s how investing in accessibility can pay off:
1. Reach a Broader Audience: Making your website accessible means opening it up to everyone, including people with disabilities. This expands your potential audience, leading to more traffic, engagement, and conversions.
2. Enhance Your Brand Reputation: Companies that prioritize accessibility are seen as more inclusive and socially responsible. This not only enhances your brand’s reputation but also builds trust with your audience, leading to increased loyalty and customer retention.
3. Improve SEO: Accessible websites are often better optimized for search engines. By making your site easier to navigate and more user-friendly, you can improve your search rankings and attract more visitors.
4. Reduce Costs: Addressing accessibility issues early on—or even better, from the start—saves you money in the long run. You avoid the need for costly retrofits and minimize the risk of legal fees from potential lawsuits.
5. Future-Proof Your Website: As technology evolves, so do accessibility standards. By investing in accessibility now, you’re future-proofing your website, ensuring it remains relevant and compliant as new technologies and regulations emerge.
Boost Your RIO with 216digital

Digital accessibility isn’t just a legal requirement; it’s a smart business move with a substantial return on investment. By focusing on efficiency, leveraging the right tools, and partnering with experts like 216digital, you can make your website accessible to all users while maximizing your resources and boosting your bottom line.

Don’t wait until you’re facing a lawsuit or losing customers to start thinking about accessibility. Take a proactive approach now and set up a briefing with 216digital to ensure your website is fully compliant and optimized for all users. Scheduling an ADA briefing today and start reaping the benefits of a more inclusive, user-friendly website. Your users—and your ROI—will thank you.
Greg McNeil

August 23, 2024

The Benefits of Web Accessibility

Benefits of Web Accessibility, digital accessibility, ROI, Web Accessibility, Website Accessibility
Top 9 Web Accessibility Issues and Fixes
Imagine trying to explore a website but not being able to get the information you need because the site wasn’t made with you in mind. For many people with disabilities, this is a frustrating reality.

Web accessibility isn’t just a technical requirement—it’s about making sure everyone can use your website. Whether you’re a developer, IT director, or content manager, making your website accessible is essential. By fixing common accessibility problems, you not only meet legal standards but also make your site better for everyone.

Let’s dive into the top 10 web accessibility issues and how to fix them.

1. Missing Alt Text for Images

Alt text, or alternative text, is a brief description added to images on a website. It helps people who can’t see the images understand what they are about, as the alt text is read aloud by screen readers or displayed if the image doesn’t load. When alt text is missing, people with visual impairments miss out on important information, making the website less accessible. This can lead to frustration for users and might even cause legal issues, as websites are expected to be accessible to everyone.

According to WCAG 2.1 SC 1.1.1 (Non-text Content), all non-text content, like images, needs a text alternative that serves the same purpose or provides the same information.

How to Fix:
- Add Descriptive Alt Text: For each image, write meaningful alt text that clearly describes what it’s showing or its purpose. For example, instead of just saying “Image of a dog,” say “Golden Retriever playing in a park.”
- Use Empty Alt Attributes for Decorative Images: If an image is just decorative, use an empty alt attribute (alt=””). This way, screen readers skip over these images, making navigation easier for users.
- Review and Update Regularly: Regularly check your alt text to make sure it’s still relevant, especially if you update the images or content on your site.
For more information about Alt text for images, check out our article Understanding Image Alt Text Descriptions.

2. Web Accessible Forms

Forms that are not web accessible can be a big problem for people with disabilities. When forms are not designed with web accessibility in mind, they may be hard to understand or use with assistive technologies like screen readers. For example, if a form doesn’t have clear labels or instructions, someone using a screen reader might not know what information to put in the fields. This can make it difficult or even impossible for them to complete the form.

WCAG 2.1 SC 1.3.1 (Info and Relationships)requires that the information and relationships between form elements be clear and properly coded so that assistive technologies can read and interpret them correctly.

How to Fix:
- Label Form Elements Clearly: Use the <label> tag to connect labels with each form field. This helps screen readers explain each field’s purpose. For example, use <label for=”email”>Email Address</label> with <input type=”email” id=”email”>.
- Provide Accessible Error Messages: Make sure error messages are clear and easy to understand. Use ARIA attributes like aria-live to alert users to errors and make sure screen readers can easily read the messages.
- Include Clear Instructions: Give clear instructions for filling out the form, especially for fields with specific requirements like date format or password criteria.
3. Poor Color Contrast

Low color contrast between text and background can make content hard to read, especially for users with visual impairments or color blindness. For example, light gray text on a white background is hard for many users to see.

WCAG SC 1.4.3 (Contrast – Minimum) requires a contrast ratio of at least 4.5:1 for normal text and 3:1 for large text to meet web accessibility standards.

How to Fix Color Contrast:
- Check Contrast Ratios: Use online tools like WebAIM’s Contrast Checker to make sure the color contrast between text and background meets accessibility guidelines. Aim for a contrast ratio of at least 4.5:1 for normal text and 3:1 for large text.
4. Missing Keyboard Navigation

Web keyboard navigation is a way for people to use a website just by pressing keys on their keyboard, instead of using a mouse. This is important for people who can’t use a mouse, like those with certain disabilities.

When a website doesn’t support keyboard navigation, it means that users who rely on keyboards might not be able to access all parts of the site. This is a problem because it makes the website more challenging to use for people with disabilities.

According to WCAG SC 2.1.1 Keyboard, websites need to be fully navigable using just a keyboard. This means that all buttons, links, and forms should be reachable and usable without a mouse. If a site doesn’t meet this standard, it can exclude many users and make it less accessible.

How to Fix:
- Enable Keyboard Navigation: Ensure that all interactive elements, such as links, buttons, and menus, can be accessed using only a keyboard. This includes allowing users to tab through items and activate them using the Enter or Space keys.
- Implement Proper Tab Order: Use the tabindex attribute to manage the order in which elements receive focus when tabbing. Avoid skipping focusable elements or creating confusing navigation paths.
- Use Focus Management: When interactive elements like modal dialogs or dropdown menus open, move the focus to the first interactive element within the component, and return it to the triggering element when the component closes.
5. Video and Audio Captions

Videos and audio content that lack captions or transcripts are inaccessible to users who are deaf or hard of hearing. Without captions or transcripts, these users miss out on the audio information provided in multimedia content.

WCAG SC 1.2.2 Captions (Pre-recorded) mandates that videos and audio content include captions to assist users who are deaf or hard of hearing. Without captions, these users may miss crucial information, making it more challenging for them to grasp or engage with the content fully.

How to Fix:
- Provide Captions: Make sure your videos include captions that match what people say. Start with tools like YouTube’s automatic captions, but edit them manually to ensure accuracy.
- Create Transcripts: Give users transcripts for your audio content. A transcript is a written version of what’s said in a video or audio file, including important sounds. Users can read these transcripts or use them with text-to-speech tools.
- Make Captions and Transcripts Available: Allow users to turn captions on or off and offer transcripts for download. This gives people the choice to use captions or read the text in a way that works best for them.
6. Missing Skip Links

Web accessible skip links are special links on a website that let people quickly jump past repetitive content, like navigation menus, to get to the main part of the page. This is especially helpful for people using screen readers or keyboard navigation.

If a website is missing these skip links, it can make it much harder for users to navigate, which goes against WCAG SC 2.4.1 Bypass Blocks.” This helps users quickly get to the content they need, reducing the effort required to access important content.

How to Fix Skip Links:
- Add Skip Navigation Links: Place “skip to content” links at the top of your web pages. These links should be one of the first elements in the tab order, allowing users to bypass repetitive navigation and go directly to the main content.
- Make Skip Links Visible: Ensure that skip navigation links are visible when focused. Use CSS to make them visually prominent when selected by a keyboard, so users know where they are skipping to.
7. Unclear Headings and Structure

Poorly structured headings can make it difficult for users with screen readers to understand the organization of the content. For example, if headings are not used correctly or if they are missing, users may struggle to comprehend the hierarchy and flow of the information.

WCAG SC 1.3.1 Info and Relationships requires that content structure and relationships be programmatically determined or available in text. Proper use of headings and a clear content structure ensure that users can navigate and understand the content more easily.

How to Fix:
- Use Proper Heading Tags: Implement <h1>, <h2>, <h3>, etc., in a logical order to reflect the content’s structure. The <h1> tag should represent the main title, with subsequent headings breaking down the content into logical sections.
- Ensure Headings Are Descriptive: Headings should clearly describe the content that follows, helping users understand what each section covers. For example, instead of a generic heading like “Details,” use “Product Specifications.”
- Maintain a Consistent Structure: Consistently apply heading tags across your website to create a predictable and accessible content structure, making it easier for users to navigate.
8. Inconsistent Link Text

Links with vague or repetitive text like “click here” or “read more” can be confusing for screen reader users as they lack context about the link’s destination or purpose. For example, if several links are labeled “read more,” users may not know which topic they are referring to.

WCAG SC 2.4.4 Link Purpose (In Context) requires that the purpose of each link be clear from the link text alone or from the surrounding context. This helps users understand where a link will take them and ensures that all users can navigate effectively.

How to Fix:
- Use Descriptive Link Text: Ensure that the link text clearly indicates what the link will do or where it will take the user. For instance, instead of saying “click here,” use “Download our accessibility guide.”
- Avoid Repetition: Ensure that each link’s text is unique, especially if links are close to each other. This helps users distinguish between different links and understand their destinations.
- Provide Context in Surrounding Text: If necessary, add context around the link text to clarify its purpose. However, the link text itself should still be sufficiently descriptive on its own.
9. No Focus Indicators

Web accessible focus indicators are visual cues that show which part of a website a user is currently interacting with, like when using a keyboard or a screen reader.

According to WCAG SC 2.4.7 Focus Visible, “Focus Visible,” these indicators are crucial for making websites easy to navigate. Without them, users might struggle to see where they are on the page, which can make the site hard to use, especially for people with disabilities. Proper focus indicators help everyone use a website more effectively and inclusively.

How to Fix Focus Indicators:
- Ensure Visible Focus: Use CSS to create clear, visible focus indicators for all interactive elements. For example, you can use outline: 2px solid #000; to ad a solid black outline when an element is focused.
- Customize Focus Styles: Enhance default focus styles to make them more visible, especially if the default outline blends into the background. Consider using a contrasting color or a thicker border.
How to Test for Web Accessibility Issues

Testing for web accessibility can be done using a combination of manual checks and automated tools. Let’s take a look at a quick guide:
1. Manual Testing: Use a keyboard to navigate your site and check all interactive elements. Utilize screen readers to ensure that content is read out correctly and that forms, buttons, and links are accessible.
2. Automated Tools: Use tools like WAVE, Axe, or Lighthouse to perform automated accessibility audits. These tools can quickly identify many common issues, but manual testing is still essential for thorough accessibility checks.
3. User Testing: If possible, involve users with disabilities in your testing process. They can provide valuable feedback on real-world accessibility issues that automated tools might miss.
Building a Path to Web Accessibility

Making sure your website is accessible goes beyond just checking off boxes—it’s about creating a welcoming space where everyone can connect with your content. By tackling common accessibility issues, you not only improve how people experience your site but also protect your organization from potential legal problems and open up new audience opportunities.

If you want to learn more about improving your website’s accessibility initiative, schedule a complimentary ADA strategy briefing with the experts at 216digital. We make web accessibility simple and achievable, helping you develop a strategy to integrate WCAG 2.1 compliance into your development roadmap on your terms.

Don’t let your website fall behind on accessibility. Let’s work together to make sure everyone can fully experience your site.
Greg McNeil

August 22, 2024

How-to Guides

Accessibility, ADA Compliance, digital accessibility, Web Accessibility, web development, Website Accessibility
Why Small Businesses Face More ADA Web Lawsuits
In the bustling world of small business, every penny counts. So, it’s no wonder that when an unexpected expense pops up, it can feel like a huge blow. One such cost that’s been increasingly affecting small businesses lately is the rise in web ADA lawsuits. These lawsuits, centered around web accessibility, are not just a concern for big corporations but have also become a significant issue for mom and pop shops. Let’s dive into why small businesses are particularly vulnerable to these lawsuits, how ADA website compliance has become a recent battleground, and what you can do to ensure your site is up to snuff.

Understanding Web Accessibility and ADA Lawsuits

Before we get into why small businesses are targeted, let’s start with the basics. The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) is a law designed to ensure that people with disabilities have equal access to all aspects of public life, including the digital world. Web accessibility falls under this mandate, meaning that websites need to be usable by people with various disabilities, such as vision impairments, hearing loss, or mobility issues.

In recent years, ADA lawsuits focusing on web accessibility have surged. In 2023 alone, plaintiffs filed 4,605 federal and state-filed ADA-related digital lawsuits across the United States. This trend shows no sign of slowing down, with organizations of all sizes—small businesses to Fortune 500 companies—finding themselves in litigation.

The idea is that if your website isn’t accessible to everyone, including those with disabilities, you could be breaking the law. This has led to a spike in legal actions, with plaintiffs’ lawyers targeting businesses they believe are not compliant with ADA standards.

Why Are Small Businesses Targeted by Plaintiffs’ Lawyers?

You might wonder why small businesses, especially those run by hardworking mom and pop owners, seem to be hit harder by these lawsuits than larger companies. Here are a few reasons why small businesses are often in the crosshairs:
1. Limited Resources: Small businesses often operate with tight budgets and limited staff. This means they might not have the resources to keep up with all the legal and technical requirements for web accessibility. Large corporations, on the other hand, typically have dedicated teams and budgets for compliance and legal matters.
2. Less Robust Defense: When a lawsuit is filed, it often involves extensive legal fees and time-consuming processes. Small businesses might find it harder to mount a strong defense against these lawsuits compared to larger companies that have in-house legal teams or access to experienced attorneys.
3. Higher Visibility: Many small businesses have websites that might not be as well maintained or as accessible as those of larger businesses. This makes them more noticeable targets for plaintiffs’ lawyers who are on the lookout for non-compliant sites.
4. Insurance Coverage: Small businesses might not have insurance that covers ADA-related lawsuits, or their coverage might not be comprehensive enough to handle the costs. Larger businesses are more likely to have insurance policies that include legal protections for such issues.
ADA Website Compliance: The Latest Tactic Used by Plaintiff’s Lawyers

As the internet has become a crucial part of doing business, ADA website compliance has emerged as a new tactic for plaintiffs’ lawyers. Here’s why this is happening:
1. Increased Focus on Digital Accessibility: With the rise of online shopping and digital services, accessibility issues have become more visible. Plaintiffs’ lawyers have noticed this trend and are using it as a new avenue to pursue claims.
2. Ambiguity in the Law: The ADA was enacted in 1990, long before the internet became a staple of daily life. As a result, there is some ambiguity about what constitutes compliance for websites. This lack of clear guidelines means that plaintiffs’ lawyers can argue their cases based on their interpretations of the law.
3. Settlement Potential: For many businesses, settling out of court is less costly than fighting a lawsuit. Plaintiffs’ lawyers know this and may target small businesses that are more likely to settle quickly rather than face lengthy legal battles.
4. Rising Awareness: As more people become aware of web accessibility issues, there is an increased chance of someone noticing and reporting non-compliant websites. This rising awareness has led to more lawsuits being filed.
How to Make Sure Your Small Business Website is ADA-Compliant

Now that we’ve covered why small businesses are often targeted and how ADA website compliance has become a popular legal battleground, let’s talk about what you can do to ensure your website is up to standard.
1. Understand Web Accessibility Guidelines: The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) are a set of standards designed to make web content more accessible. Familiarize yourself with these guidelines to understand what needs to be done. They cover aspects like text readability, alternative text for images, and keyboard navigation.
2. Conduct a Website Audit: Regularly audit your website for accessibility issues. There are tools available online that can help you identify problems, such as missing alt text for images or issues with color contrast. Consulting with a specialist firm like 216digital to conduct a thorough audit can also be a wise investment.
3. Incorporate Accessibility Features: Make sure your website includes features that assist users with disabilities. This can include adding captions to videos, ensuring that your site is navigable by keyboard, and using descriptive link text.
4. Test with Real Users: If possible, get feedback from real users who have disabilities. Their experiences can provide valuable insights into areas where your website might need improvement.
5. Stay Informed and Up-to-Date: Web accessibility standards and best practices can evolve over time. Stay informed about any changes and make updates to your website as necessary to remain compliant.
6. Seek Professional Help: If you’re unsure where to start or need assistance, consider consulting with an accessibility expert or web developer who specializes in ADA, like 216digital. We can guide you through the process and help ensure that your website meets all necessary standards.
7. Implement Ongoing Training: Train your staff, especially those involved in website management and content creation, about web accessibility. This helps create a culture of inclusivity and ensures that accessibility remains a priority.
Protect Your Small Business With 216digital

ADA website compliance is crucial for small businesses, with significant implications that shouldn’t be overlooked. Plaintiffs’ lawyers often target mom-and-pop shops, making it essential to take proactive steps to ensure your website meets accessibility standards. By staying informed, conducting regular audits, and integrating accessibility features, you not only safeguard your business against costly lawsuits but also create a more inclusive experience for all your customers.

To ensure your website is fully compliant and accessible, consider scheduling an ADA briefing with 216digital. Our team can guide you through the complexities of web accessibility, helping you create a welcoming online space for everyone while protecting your business from potential legal risks. Don’t wait until it’s too late—reach out to us today to secure your website’s future.
Greg McNeil

August 21, 2024

Legal Compliance

Accessibility, ADA Compliance, ADA Website Compliance, Small Business, Web Accessibility, Website Accessibility
2024 Mid-Year Report ADA Lawsuits Trends

As we reach the midpoint of 2024, it’s crucial for business owners, project managers, and web development teams to stay informed about trends and challenges related to ADA lawsuits, especially concerning web accessibility. In recent years, the landscape of digital accessibility has evolved significantly, impacting businesses of all sizes across various industries. This article aims to provide a comprehensive mid-year report on ADA lawsuits, upcoming trends, and proactive measures to protect your online business.

Trends in 2024 for ADA Lawsuits

As we move through 2024, the landscape of Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) lawsuits is undergoing significant changes. Several emerging trends reflect shifts in legal practices, targets of litigation, and evolving standards in web accessibility. Here’s a comprehensive look at what you can expect in the upcoming months.

Decrease in Overall ADA Lawsuit Numbers

For the first time in years, there has been a slight decrease in the number of ADA lawsuits filed. In fact, we are anticipating to have 600 less federal court case than in 2023. This reduction is primarily due to increased judicial scrutiny. Judges now require plaintiffs and their legal teams to present more detailed and specific claims. Vague or generic allegations no longer suffice to move forward in court. This heightened scrutiny is filtering out cases deemed frivolous or opportunistic, leading to a decrease in the overall number of filings.

Impact of Recent Defense Victories

Recent defense victories in federal ADA claims have also contributed to this decline. These victories have set precedents that make it more challenging for plaintiffs to succeed with less substantiated claims. As a result, some law firms are shifting their focus to state courts, where they might perceive a higher chance of success. This shift is impacting the overall landscape of ADA lawsuits, with fewer cases reaching the federal level.

Small Companies Are in the Crosshairs

Interestingly, there has been a significant shift in the targets of ADA lawsuits. Over 66% of the lawsuits filed through June 2024 have been against companies with revenues under $25 million. In contrast, 34% have been against larger companies. This shift is a natural progression after years of lawsuits targeting major corporations. Many of the largest companies have already faced lawsuits and implemented comprehensive accessibility programs, leaving smaller businesses as the new focus for plaintiffs.

The Rise of eCommerce and ADA Violations

The rise in eCommerce, driven by changing consumer spending habits, has exposed more small and medium-sized businesses to potential ADA violations. As these businesses expand their online presence, they become more susceptible to lawsuits if their websites are not fully accessible. Smaller businesses may lack the resources or knowledge to ensure full compliance with ADA requirements, making them vulnerable targets for litigation.

Overlays Could Make You a Target Now More Than Ever

Despite significant investments in accessibility widgets, these tools often fail to reduce legal risks effectively. In fact, in 2024, plaintiffs have already filed 503 lawsuits against websites with active widgets, compared to 449 in 2023. This is a 20% increase in lawsuits against websites using widgets and screen overlays. These tools are marketed as quick fixes for accessibility issues but frequently fall short of their promises.

Common Problems with Widgets

It has been proven that accessibility widgets can create additional barriers for users with disabilities. Common problems include incompatibility with screen readers, failure to address all accessibility concerns, and even introducing new issues. These limitations highlight that relying solely on widgets is not an adequate solution for legal protection or genuine accessibility improvements. Businesses must seek comprehensive solutions to ensure their websites are fully accessible.

Evolving Legal Standards

The legal landscape surrounding web accessibility is continuously evolving. On April 8, the U.S. Attorney General signed a new rule under ADA Title II, setting clear web accessibility standards for state and local governments. This means their services, programs, and activities must now be accessible to people with disabilities. Depending on the size of their websites, these entities have two to three years to implement these accessibility standards.

Potential Changes to ADA Title III

While the current update focuses on public sector entities under ADA Title II, it could serve as a model for changes to Title III, which covers public accommodations and commercial facilities. This potential shift might lead to stricter and more uniform accessibility standards in the private sector, affecting businesses and nonprofits that interact with the public.

Increased DOJ Enforcement

The Department of Justice (DOJ) is expected to increase enforcement efforts, ensuring that businesses comply with these evolving standards. This means that businesses must stay informed about these changes and proactively work towards compliance to avoid potential lawsuits and penalties. Staying ahead of these legal standards will be crucial for businesses to minimize legal risks and enhance accessibility for all users.

The Importance of Staying Informed

Staying informed about the latest trends and legal changes in ADA compliance is crucial for businesses of all sizes. This not only helps in avoiding potential lawsuits but also ensures that businesses are accessible to all customers, enhancing their reputation and customer satisfaction. Companies should consider consulting with legal experts and accessibility professionals to stay ahead of the curve and implement best practices in web accessibility.

How to Protect Your Online Business

Navigating the complexities of ADA compliance can seem daunting, especially for those with limited knowledge of web accessibility standards. However, there are practical steps you can take to mitigate the risk of lawsuits and foster a more inclusive digital environment:

1. Conduct an Accessibility Audit

Start by conducting a comprehensive accessibility audit of your website. This involves assessing your site’s adherence to WCAG standards and identifying areas that may pose accessibility barriers. Consider engaging accessibility experts or using automated tools to assist in this process.

2. Implement Accessibility Improvements

Based on the findings of your audit, prioritize and implement necessary accessibility improvements. This may include optimizing navigation for keyboard users, providing alternative text for images, ensuring color contrast ratios comply with standards, and making multimedia content accessible.

3. Train Your Team

Educate your web development team, content creators, and digital marketers about web accessibility best practices. Training sessions can help increase awareness of accessibility guidelines and empower your team to proactively address accessibility issues in their respective roles.

4. Monitor and Maintain Accessibility

Accessibility is an ongoing commitment. Regularly monitor your website for accessibility compliance and address any new issues that arise. Incorporate accessibility checks into your regular maintenance routines to ensure ongoing compliance.

5. Seek Legal Guidance if Needed

If you receive a demand letter or face a lawsuit related to ADA non-compliance, seek legal guidance promptly. ADA litigation can be complex, and legal professionals specializing in accessibility law can provide valuable counsel and representation.

Conclusion

As we move forward in 2024, the landscape of web accessibility and ADA compliance continues to evolve. By prioritizing accessibility in your digital strategy and staying informed about legal requirements, you not only mitigate legal risks but also enhance the overall user experience for all visitors to your website. Remember, accessibility is not just a legal obligation but also a moral imperative to ensure inclusivity and equal access to information in the digital age.

For more information on ADA compliance and web accessibility best practices, schedule a complimentary ADA strategy briefing with 216digital. Together, we can create a more inclusive online environment that benefits businesses and individuals alike.

Greg McNeil

August 19, 2024

Legal Compliance

ADA Compliance, ADA Lawsuit, ADA non-compliance, ADA Website Compliance, Website Accessibility
User Testing: A Crucial Step Towards Web Accessibility
When you think about your website, what comes to mind? Maybe it’s the design, the layout, or the content. But how often do you think about how accessible your website is to everyone, including people with disabilities? Web accessibility is not just a nice-to-have; it’s a must-have. This is where user testing comes into play. Let’s dive into what website user testing is, how it benefits web accessibility, and why it should be an essential part of your web development process.

What is Website User Testing?

Website user testing is like putting your website under a microscope to see how well it performs for real users. It involves having actual people—who could be potential users of your site—interact with your website to see how easy it is to navigate, how intuitive the design is, and how well it meets their needs. But it’s not just about looking good or being easy to use; it’s also about making sure everyone can access and use your site, no matter their abilities.

Think of it this way: You wouldn’t launch a product without testing it first, right? The same goes for your website. User testing helps you catch any issues or barriers that might prevent users from having a smooth and enjoyable experience on your site. It’s vital for web accessibility because it ensures that your website is usable for people with disabilities, which is crucial for web compliance.

How is User Testing Beneficial for Web Accessibility?

Now that we know what user testing is let’s talk about how it benefits web accessibility. Web accessibility is all about making sure that people with disabilities can use your website just as easily as anyone else. This includes people who are blind or have low vision, those who are deaf or hard of hearing, people with mobility impairments, and others.

Identifying Accessibility Barriers

One of the biggest benefits of user testing for web accessibility is that it helps you identify barriers that might prevent people with disabilities from using your site. For example, during testing, you might discover that your website’s navigation is difficult to use with a screen reader, or that your color scheme doesn’t provide enough contrast for people with low vision. These are things that might not be obvious if you’re not using assistive technologies yourself, but they can make a huge difference for someone who is.

Improving User Experience for All

Another benefit of user testing for web accessibility is that it can actually improve the user experience for everyone, not just people with disabilities. For example, adding alt text to images is crucial for people who use screen readers, but it’s also helpful for users who have slow internet connections and can’t load images. Similarly, making sure your site is keyboard navigable isn’t just important for people with mobility impairments—it can also make your site easier to use for anyone who prefers keyboard shortcuts.

Ensuring Legal Compliance

In the United States, web accessibility isn’t just a best practice—it’s also a legal requirement under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). Failing to make your website accessible can lead to legal challenges and fines. By incorporating user testing into your web development process, you can ensure that your site meets the necessary accessibility standards and is compliant with the law.

Accommodating a Range of Assistive Technologies

When we talk about web accessibility, it’s important to remember that people with disabilities use a variety of assistive technologies to navigate the web. These technologies include screen readers, voice recognition software, alternative input devices, and more. To ensure your website is accessible to everyone, you need to make sure it works well with these tools.

Screen Readers

Screen readers are software programs that read the text on a screen out loud, allowing people who are blind or have low vision to access content. During user testing, it’s important to check that your website is compatible with popular screen readers like JAWS or NVDA. This includes making sure that all images have descriptive alt text, that form fields are properly labeled, and that the site is navigable using keyboard commands.

Voice Recognition Software

Voice recognition software allows people to control their computer and enter text using their voice. This can be especially helpful for people with mobility impairments. To accommodate these users, your website should have clear and simple navigation that can be easily controlled by voice commands. During testing, make sure to check that your site’s forms and menus can be accessed using voice commands.

Alternative Input Devices

Some people use alternative input devices, such as switch systems or eye-tracking technology, to navigate the web. These devices allow users to control their computers in non-traditional ways, such as by pressing a switch or moving their eyes. To make your site accessible to these users, it’s important to ensure that all interactive elements, such as buttons and links, are easy to access and operate.

Accommodating these and other assistive technologies is a crucial part of web accessibility, and user testing is the best way to make sure your site is up to the task.

What is the User Testing Process?

So, how do you actually go about user testing your website for accessibility? Here’s a simple, step-by-step process that you can follow:

Planning

Start by defining your goals for the user testing process. What do you want to learn? Are you testing a new feature, or are you trying to identify accessibility barriers? Decide which users you want to include in the testing process. It’s important to include people with a variety of disabilities, as well as people who use different assistive technologies.

Recruiting Testers

Once you’ve defined your goals, it’s time to recruit testers. Look for people who represent your target audience, including people with disabilities. You can reach out to organizations that work with people with disabilities, or you can use online platforms that connect you with testers.

Conducting the Tests

During the testing process, have your testers complete specific tasks on your website. For example, you might ask them to navigate to a particular page, fill out a form, or find specific information. Make sure to observe how they interact with your site and ask for feedback on their experience. It’s also important to test your site with a variety of devices and browsers, as accessibility issues can vary depending on the platform.

Analyzing the Results

After the tests are complete, analyze the results to identify any accessibility barriers or usability issues. Look for patterns in the feedback and prioritize the issues that are most critical to address.

Making Improvements

Based on the results of the testing, make the necessary improvements to your website. This might include adding alt text to images, adjusting the color contrast, or making your forms more accessible. Once you’ve made these changes, it’s a good idea to conduct another round of testing to make sure the issues have been resolved.

Ongoing Testing

Web accessibility is not a one-time effort—it’s an ongoing process. As you add new features or content to your site, continue to conduct user testing to ensure that your site remains accessible to everyone.

Best Practices for Web Accessibility Testing

To get the most out of your user testing efforts, here are some best practices to keep in mind:
1. Include Diverse Testers: The more diverse your group of testers, the more comprehensive your accessibility testing will be. This includes people with a variety of disabilities and those who use different assistive technologies.
2. Test Early and Often: Don’t wait until your website is finished to start testing. Incorporate user testing throughout the development process to catch accessibility issues early.
3. Use Realistic Scenarios: When conducting user tests, create realistic scenarios that your users might encounter on your site. This will give you a better sense of how your site performs in real-world situations.
4. Document Everything: Keep detailed notes on the testing process, including the issues that were identified and the changes that were made. This will help you track your progress and ensure that accessibility remains a priority.
5. Stay Up-to-Date: Web accessibility standards and technologies are constantly evolving. Stay informed about the latest developments and update your testing process accordingly.
Conclusion

User testing is a critical part of creating a website that is accessible to everyone. By incorporating accessibility testing into your web development process, you can ensure that your site meets the needs of all users, including those with disabilities. Not only does this improve the user experience, but it also helps you stay compliant with legal requirements and build a more inclusive online presence.

Remember, web accessibility is an ongoing journey, not a one-time task. Make it a priority to continuously apply best practices and conduct regular user testing. For personalized guidance on achieving web accessibility compliance, schedule a complimentary ADA strategy briefing with 216digital today. Let’s ensure your website is welcoming and usable for everyone.
Greg McNeil

August 19, 2024

Testing & Remediation

Accessibility testing, digital accessibility, user testing, Web Accessibility, Website Accessibility
5 Best Practices for Maintaining Web Accessibility
You’ve dedicated a lot of time and money to ensure your website is accessible to users with disabilities. But web accessibility is not just a one-time task; it’s an ongoing commitment. Once your website or app is built or remediated, how do you keep it accessible? Maintenance.

Maintenance is one of the most important pieces of the puzzle, yet it is often overlooked. By maintaining compliance with WCAG 2.1 (Web Content Accessibility Guidelines), you not only uphold inclusivity but also safeguard your site against potential legal risks.

Here, we explore five best practices for maintaining web accessibility to prevent pitfalls that may cause your site to drift into non-compliance.

Why Maintain Your Website’s Web Accessibility?

Change is a constant in online business. Websites are dynamic, with frequent updates to content, design, and functionality. Unfortunately, each change can impact accessibility. For instance, adding a new video without captions or an image without alt text can create barriers for users with disabilities. Even small changes can create new barriers, putting you in legal hot water.

Legal Compliance

ADA compliance is not just about being inclusive; it’s also about staying on the right side of the law. The ADA requires that websites be accessible to people with disabilities. Failing to meet these standards can lead to costly lawsuits. With the rise of copycat lawsuits targeting businesses for ADA violations, staying compliant is more important than ever. In 2023 alone, more than 700 lawsuits—25% of all web accessibility cases—were filed against companies previously sued for ADA violations.

So, we often hear the same question from our clients: How do we stay compliant?

1. Conduct Manual Testing and User Testing

Manual audits are crucial for maintaining ADA compliance. These audits involve a comprehensive review of your website to identify and address any accessibility issues. While automated tools can detect clear-cut technical issues, they miss out on nuances only a trained professional can spot. Accessibility experts will navigate your site, examining each element to make sure it meets WCAG 2.1 AA.

It’s a meticulous process that requires experts to use a variety of browsers and assistive technologies, such as screen readers or voice recognition software, to diagnose subtle accessibility barriers.

In every report that we conduct at 216digital, we include the steps needed to recreate non-compliant issues, including:
1. A Detailed List of Issues: Specific WCAG criteria were violated, their location on your website, screenshots and code snippets for clarity, and their severity.
2. Recommendations for Remediation: Practical solutions to remediate issues, the urgency of fixing them, and a link to exact WCAG guidelines.
3. Compliance Level: How compliant your website is with established accessibility standards.
Learn more about the importance of manual audits in our article, ‘What is Manual Testing and Remediation?’

User Testing with Individuals with Disabilities

In addition to technical audits, user testing with individuals with disabilities provides invaluable insights. These users can identify real-world accessibility barriers that automated tools might miss. Regular user testing ensures that your website is usable by everyone and helps you stay connected with your audience’s needs.

2. Automate Testing Whenever Possible

Automation can be a lifesaver when it comes to maintaining web accessibility. These tools can scan your website for common issues like missing alt text, low-contrast text, and improper heading structures—allowing your team to address them promptly.

Tips for automating testing:
- Choose the Right Tools: Several popular automated testing tools, such as WAVE, Axe, and Lighthouse, are available. These tools provide detailed reports on accessibility issues and offer suggestions for remediation.
- Continuous Integration (CI) Pipelines: Integrate accessibility checks into your CI pipelines. Every time the code is pushed, it’s automatically checked for accessibility issues. This proactive approach ensures that problems are caught and fixed before they reach your users. It also empowers developers to verify their work regularly.
216digital’s a11y.Radar Monitoring Service

If you’re looking for a more hands-off approach, consider using a monitoring service like 216digital’s a11y.Radar. Through our work in the trenches of the ADA web remediation space, we were able to reverse-engineer the process in which many of the prolific ADA non-compliance lawsuit firms identify their targets. We realized that the vast majority of cases are filed solely based on the results of automated scanning tools. That’s why we developed Accessibility Radar—to help you stay clear of their legal actions without constant oversight.

How Does a11y.Radar ADA Monitoring Work?

a11y.Radar monitors your ongoing efforts to improve accessibility, whether done by your digital team or an outside agency. You’ll get detailed reports and updates on content, code, and user experience issues that could hinder users or threaten your accessibility standards. Plus, our easy-to-use interface lets your team see current issues and manage fixes efficiently.

a11y.Radar includes:
- Site-wide Accessibility Audit
- Detailed Issues Reports
- Archived Issues Over Time
- Automated Email Risk Assessment
- Current Web Compliance Status
3. Screen Reader Validation

The best way to make sure people with disabilities can use your website is to test it with assistive technology tools like screen readers. This is similar to how you check your site on both desktop and mobile devices. Screen reader testing can cover many different situations. With some training, your QA team can handle these tests, or you could hire a third-party vendor to help. Every time you make a big update or add new content, it’s important to check the changes with a screen reader.

How to Conduct Screen Reader Testing

Screen readers like JAWS, NVDA, and VoiceOver are available. Testing your site with these tools can help you identify and fix issues that automated testing might not catch. For instance, ensure that all interactive elements are accessible via keyboard and that descriptive text is provided for links and buttons. When issues are identified, work with your development team to address them promptly. This ensures that your website remains accessible with each update.

How to Do It:
- Pre-Release Testing: Include screen reader testing as part of your pre-release checklist for major updates.
- Feedback Loop: Gather feedback from screen reader users and address any issues promptly.
- Documentation: Keep thorough documentation of screen reader test results and the steps taken to resolve any issues.
4. Provide Ongoing Training and Education

Maintaining web accessibility is a team effort. Training your team on accessibility best practices ensures everyone involved in your website’s development and maintenance is aware of their responsibilities. This includes designers, developers, content creators, and project managers.

Ongoing Education

Accessibility training should be an ongoing process. Regular workshops, webinars, and courses can help keep your team updated on the latest WCAG guidelines and technologies. There are many online resources available, such as the W3C’s Web Accessibility Initiative, which offers tutorials and guidelines on various aspects of web accessibility.

5. Integrate Accessibility into Your Workflow

Accessibility isn’t just a one-time project—it should become a part of how your company operates every day. While senior leaders and management bear the ultimate responsibility for making sure your website or app is accessible, everyone in the organization plays a role in achieving and maintaining it.

Accessibility must be seen as a priority that guides every decision. When everyone understands and embraces this goal, reaching it becomes much easier.

Here’s how you can make it happen:

Making Accessibility a Core Value

Accessibility needs to be a core value of your organization to maintain ADA compliance effectively. This means integrating accessibility into every aspect of your web development process. From the initial design phase to content creation and coding, consider how each decision will affect users with disabilities.

Support from Leadership

Make sure your company’s leaders fully understand the importance of accessibility and are committed to maintaining it. Their support is crucial for driving organizational change and allocating necessary resources.

Team Collaboration

Encourage different departments—like marketing, design, development, and customer service—to work together. Each team member should understand how they contribute to accessibility and why their role matters.

Stay Web Accessible with 216digital

Just one update to your website is enough to make it inaccessible. After months or years of hard work and money spent on accessibility, shouldn’t you put in the last-mile effort to make sure it stays that way?

Remember, accessibility is not a destination but a journey. Stay proactive, stay informed, and keep making your website a welcoming place for everyone.

216digital is happy to be an ongoing resource. While your project with us may be complete, we are still an ongoing reference and partner to help you with future projects.
Greg McNeil

August 16, 2024

Web Accessibility Monitoring

Accessibility monitoring, digital accessibility, Maintaining Web Accessibility, Web Accessibility, web accessibility monitoring, Website Accessibility
How Accessibility Is a Business Advantage

In today’s digital world, accessibility isn’t just about doing the right thing; it’s about gaining a competitive edge. Embracing web accessibility can open doors to new customers, boost your search engine rankings, and protect your business from potential legal risks. More than that, it enhances the overall user experience, which translates to customer loyalty and retention. Let’s explore how making your website accessible benefits your business and why you should prioritize it today.

Accessibility Drives Customer Experience and Retention

At the heart of any successful business is a strong customer experience. When you prioritize accessibility, you ensure that every visitor, regardless of their abilities, can navigate and interact with your site. Imagine a potential customer with a visual impairment trying to read your content. If your website isn’t designed with accessibility in mind, you might lose that customer before they even get to know your products or services.

By making your website accessible, you send a message that you care about all your customers. This commitment builds trust, a key ingredient in customer loyalty. When people know they can rely on your site to meet their needs, they’ll keep coming back. And repeat customers are more likely to recommend your business to others, creating a positive cycle of growth and retention.

Mitigating Legal and Reputational Risks

The legal landscape around digital accessibility is changing rapidly. In the United States, businesses are increasingly being held accountable for failing to make their websites accessible. Lawsuits related to the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) are on the rise, and the costs can be significant—not just in terms of fines but also in damage to your reputation.

By proactively addressing accessibility issues, you can avoid these legal headaches. More importantly, you’ll be seen as a leader in your industry, committed to inclusivity and fairness. This can boost your brand’s reputation and set you apart from competitors who may still be lagging in this area.

216digital’s web remediation services are designed to help businesses like yours stay ahead of the curve. We can help you identify potential risks and address them before they become legal liabilities, ensuring that your website is welcoming to all users.

Enhancing User Experience and Engagement

Good design is accessible design. When you make your website accessible, you’re not just helping people with disabilities; you’re improving the user experience for everyone. For instance, clear and easy-to-read fonts, intuitive navigation, and fast load times benefit all users, regardless of their abilities.

When visitors have a smooth and enjoyable experience on your site, they’re more likely to engage with your content, stay longer, and make purchases. Accessibility features like keyboard navigation, text-to-speech options, and video captions can make your content more engaging and accessible to a broader audience.

At 216digital, we focus on enhancing user experience through our comprehensive web remediation services. Our phased approach ensures that your website is not only accessible but also optimized for engagement and performance, creating a seamless experience for all users.

Expanding Your Customer Base

Did you know that over 61 million adults in the United States live with a disability? That’s 26% of the population that could be your customers—if your website is accessible. By making your site more inclusive, you can tap into this often-overlooked market.

But it’s not just about people with disabilities. Accessible websites are easier for everyone to use, including older adults, people with temporary injuries, and even those with slow internet connections. In other words, accessibility broadens your reach, allowing you to connect with a more diverse audience.

Expanding your customer base means more potential sales, and that’s a win for any business.

Cost Savings

You might think that making your website accessible is an expensive undertaking. However, consider the long-term savings. Investing in accessibility upfront can save you from costly lawsuits, as we mentioned earlier, but it can also reduce future development costs.

By incorporating accessibility into your website from the beginning, you avoid the need for expensive redesigns or retrofits later on. Plus, accessible websites are often more streamlined and efficient, which can reduce hosting and maintenance costs.

Our team at 216digital is skilled at integrating accessibility into your website in a cost-effective way. Our approach ensures that you get the most value for your investment, with no unnecessary expenses.

Improved Search Engine Ranking

Accessibility and search engine optimization (SEO) go hand in hand. Search engines like Google prioritize websites that are easy to navigate, with clear headings, alternative text for images, and fast load times—all key components of an accessible website.

When your website is accessible, it’s more likely to rank higher in search engine results. This means more visibility, more traffic, and more potential customers finding your business online.

For more information on SEO and web accessibility, check out our article “Web Accessibility and Search Engine Optimization: a Powerful Combination.”

Brand Reputation

In today’s socially conscious world, consumers are paying attention to how businesses treat their customers. Companies that prioritize accessibility are seen as forward-thinking, inclusive, and caring. This positive perception can enhance your brand reputation and attract loyal customers who appreciate your commitment to inclusivity.

When your brand is associated with positive values like accessibility, you’re more likely to stand out in a crowded market. People want to support businesses that align with their values, and accessibility is increasingly becoming a priority for many consumers.

Future-Proofing Your Business

The digital world is constantly evolving, and accessibility is no exception. What’s considered accessible today might not meet the standards of tomorrow. By making accessibility a priority now, you’re future-proofing your business against changes in technology and regulations.

Being proactive about accessibility means you’re prepared for whatever comes next. Whether it’s new laws, emerging technologies, or shifts in consumer expectations, having a solid foundation in accessibility ensures that your business can adapt and thrive.

216digital’s web remediation services are designed to help you stay ahead of the curve. Our ongoing support and a11y.Radar monitoring services ensure that your website remains compliant and accessible as standards evolve, giving you peace of mind and a competitive edge.

Wrapping Up

Accessibility isn’t just a buzzword; it’s a business advantage. From driving customer experience and retention to mitigating legal risks, enhancing user engagement, and improving your search engine rankings, accessibility offers countless benefits. It’s an investment that pays off in the form of a more inclusive, engaging, and successful website.

At 216digital, we’re here to help you unlock the full potential of web accessibility. Our comprehensive web remediation services ensure that your website is optimized for performance and engagement. Don’t miss out on the opportunity to make accessibility your business’s secret weapon.

Whether you’re just starting your accessibility journey or looking to enhance your current efforts, 216digital has the expertise and tools to help you succeed. Let’s make your website a place where everyone feels welcome.

Find out where you stand by scheduling a complementary ADA Strategy Briefing today.

Greg McNeil

August 15, 2024

The Benefits of Web Accessibility

Accessibility, ADA Compliance, ADA Website Compliance, digital accessibility, SEO, Web Accessibility, Website Accessibility
Creating Accessible Web Forms
In today’s digital world, ensuring your content forms are accessible is more important than ever. Whether you’re a website owner, a developer, or a content creator, ensuring that everyone can use your forms is key to providing a great user experience. This article will dive into why accessible content forms matter, how to ensure your forms meet accessibility standards and tips for creating inclusive digital spaces. Let’s explore how you can make your forms better for everyone!

Why Should Content Forms Be Accessible?

Accessible content forms are crucial for several reasons:
1. Inclusivity: Everyone should have equal access to information and the ability to participate in discussions. By making your forms accessible, you’re ensuring that users with disabilities can join in the conversation just as easily as anyone else.
2. Legal Compliance: In the United States, there are legal requirements for digital accessibility under laws like the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). Making your forms accessible helps you stay compliant and avoid potential legal issues.
3. Broader Audience: Accessible forms reach a wider audience. More people can engage with your content when your forms are easy to navigate and use, leading to increased traffic and a better community experience.
The Importance of Accessible Forms

Accessible forms are not just about following the law—they’re about creating a better, more inclusive online environment. Here’s why it matters:
1. Improves User Experience: Accessible forms provide a smoother experience for all users. Features like clear navigation, readable text, and proper color contrast benefit everyone, not just those with disabilities.
2. Enhances SEO: Search engines favor well-structured websites that are easy to navigate. By making your forms accessible, you improve your SEO, leading to higher search rankings and more visibility.
3. Fosters Community: An inclusive forum encourages participation from a diverse group. When users feel they can easily engage with your content, they are more likely to become active members of your website.
How to Create Accessible Digital Forms

Creating an accessible digital forum involves several key steps. Here’s a breakdown to help you get started:

1. Understand the WCAG Guidelines

The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) are standards designed to make web content more accessible. They provide a framework for creating content that is usable by everyone, including people with disabilities. The guidelines are organized into four principles:
- Perceivable: Information must be presented in a way that all users can perceive, such as providing text alternatives for images.
- Operable: Users must be able to navigate and interact with your site using tools like keyboard navigation and screen readers.
- Understandable: Content must be easy to read and understand, with clear instructions and a consistent layout.
- Robust: Your content should work well across various devices and browsers, ensuring compatibility with assistive technologies.
2. Ensure Text Readability

Text readability is vital for all users, especially those with visual impairments or dyslexia. Here’s how you can improve it:
- Use Clear Fonts: Choose fonts that are easy to read. Avoid overly decorative fonts and ensure your text size is large enough to read comfortably.
- Provide Text Alternatives (WCAG 1.1.1): Include alt text for images, charts, and other non-text content. This helps users who rely on screen readers understand what’s in the visuals.
3. Implement Keyboard Navigation

Many users with disabilities rely on keyboards rather than mice. Make sure your forms are fully navigable using keyboard shortcuts:
- Focus Order (WCAG 2.4.3) : Ensure that users can tab through all interactive elements in a logical order.
- Keyboard Shortcuts (WCAG 2.1.1): Implement keyboard shortcuts for common actions to improve efficiency.
4. Use Descriptive Links and Buttons

Links and buttons should be easily identifiable and descriptive:
- Meaningful Link Text (WCAG 2.4.4): Avoid vague link text like “click here.” Instead, use descriptive text that tells users where the link will take them, such as “Read more about our forum guidelines.”
- Button Labels (WCAG 3.3.2) : Ensure buttons have clear labels that describe their action, like “Submit” or “Cancel.”
5. Ensure Color Contrast and Visual Elements

Good color contrast and visual elements are essential for readability:
- Contrast Ratios (WCAG 1.4.3): Use high contrast between text and background colors. Use tools like the WCAG Contrast Checker to verify that your button colors meet accessibility standards.
- Visual Cues (WCAG 1.3.3): Use visual indicators, such as icons or patterns, in addition to color to convey information. This helps users who are colorblind or have low vision.
6. Test with Real Users

Testing is crucial to ensure your forum is truly accessible:
- User Testing: Involve real users with disabilities in your testing process. Their feedback can help you identify and address accessibility issues you might not have considered.
- Automated Tools: Automated accessibility testing tools such as WAVE or Lighthouse to catch common issues. But remember that these tools can’t catch everything.
7. Stay Updated with Accessibility Trends

Digital accessibility is an evolving field. Stay informed about the latest updates and best practices:
- Ongoing Training: Regularly train your development team on accessibility best practices.
- Community Resources: Participate in accessibility forms and follow industry news to keep up with new developments.
Wrapping Up

Creating accessible web content forms is more than just meeting compliance standards—it’s about fostering a welcoming and inclusive digital space for everyone. By adhering to WCAG guidelines, enhancing text readability, ensuring keyboard navigation, and conducting regular accessibility tests, you can build a forum that all users can navigate and enjoy.

To take your commitment to accessibility to the next level, schedule a complimentary ADA strategy briefing with 216digital. Our team of experts will help develop a strategy to integrate WCAG 2.1 compliance into your development roadmap on your terms.Start integrating these practices today to build a more inclusive and user-friendly forum for everyone. Reach out today to start making a difference!
Greg McNeil

August 14, 2024

How-to Guides

accessible forms, ADA Compliance, digital accessibility, forms, Web Accessibility, web development, Website Accessibility
Why Are Federal Web Accessibility Lawsuits Dipping in 2024?
If you’re a business owner with a website, you’ve probably heard about web accessibility lawsuits. These are legal cases where people or organizations sue companies for not making their websites accessible to everyone, including those with disabilities. In recent years, these lawsuits have been quite common, but there’s a noticeable trend so far in 2024: federal web accessibility lawsuits are on the decline.

This drop is something worth paying attention to if you manage a website. So, why exactly are there fewer of these cases, and what does this mean for you? Let’s dive into the details.

Overview of the Decrease in Federal Web Accessibility Lawsuits

Between 2023 and 2024, federal web accessibility lawsuits have significantly decreased, according to Useablenet’s 2024 Midyear Report. In fact, we anticipate a 600-case drop from last year. This change is noteworthy for anyone keeping an eye on digital accessibility and legal trends. Understanding why this decrease is happening can help you better manage your website and avoid potential legal trouble.

Increased Judicial Scrutiny Influences the Shift

One major reason for the drop in federal web accessibility lawsuits is increased scrutiny from the courts. Federal judges are now demanding more detailed and specific claims from plaintiffs. This means that simply alleging a website isn’t accessible isn’t enough. Plaintiffs must provide concrete evidence and detailed arguments to support their claims.

For example, if someone is suing a business because they believe the website isn’t accessible, they now need to show exactly how the website fails to meet accessibility standards and how it impacts them personally.

This shift means that many cases that might have been filed in the past are now getting dismissed or not even making it to court.

Judges Now Demand More Detailed Claims

The increase in judicial scrutiny is not just about being picky. It’s about ensuring that cases have a solid foundation before they proceed. Judges are looking for detailed claims that clearly outline how a website fails to comply with accessibility guidelines. They want to see specific examples and evidence showing how the lack of accessibility affects users.

This higher bar for evidence means that plaintiffs and their legal teams need to do more homework before taking a case to court. It’s not enough to say a website is inaccessible; they need to provide a thorough analysis and proof of their claims.

Recent Defense Victories Prompt Shifts to State Courts

Another factor contributing to the decrease in federal web accessibility lawsuits is recent victories by defense teams in federal ADA claims. Businesses that have successfully defended themselves against these lawsuits have shown that it’s possible to win these cases if you have a solid defense strategy.

As a result, some plaintiffs’ firms are shifting their focus from federal to state courts. State courts can have different rules and may offer a more favorable environment for plaintiffs, depending on the jurisdiction. This shift impacts the volume of federal filings, as more cases are being heard at the state level instead.

The Impact on Filing Volumes

With more cases moving to state courts and the increased difficulty of winning in federal court, the overall number of federal web accessibility lawsuits has decreased. Businesses that have been targeted in the past might find themselves facing fewer federal lawsuits, but this doesn’t mean they should let their guard down.

It’s important to note that while federal cases might be dropping, the need for web accessibility remains just as crucial. Whether the lawsuits are happening in federal or state courts, ensuring your website is accessible is key to avoiding legal issues and serving all potential customers.

Practical Steps to Improve Web Accessibility

If you’re concerned about web accessibility, here are some practical steps you can take:
1. Audit Your Website: Conduct an accessibility audit to identify any issues. You can use tools like WAVE or Lighthouse to help with this.
2. Follow Accessibility Best Practices: Familiarize yourself with the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) and make it a goal to achieve these standards.
3. Update Regularly: Web accessibility isn’t a one-time fix. Regularly update your website to address any new issues that arise.
4. Consult Professionals: If you’re unsure where to start, consider consulting with web accessibility experts like 216digital, who can provide guidance and support.
5. Educate Your Team: Ensure that your team understands the importance of web accessibility and is trained to implement best practices.
Stay Compliant with 216digital

As the landscape of federal web accessibility lawsuits evolves, it’s clear that staying ahead of the curve is crucial. While the decrease in lawsuits in 2024 signals a shift, web accessibility remains a vital concern for all businesses. By staying informed and proactively enhancing your website, you not only protect your business but also ensure that your site is accessible to everyone.

At 216digital, we’re here to guide you every step of the way. No matter where you are on your accessibility journey, our ADA experts can help you develop a strategy to seamlessly integrate WCAG 2.1 compliance into your development roadmap. Ready to take the next step? Schedule a complimentary ADA strategy briefing with us today to discover how we can support you in achieving ongoing, real-world accessibility tailored to your needs.
Greg McNeil

August 13, 2024

Legal Compliance

ADA Lawsuits, ADA non-compliance, digital accessibility, Web Accessibility, web accessibility lawsuits, Website Accessibility
What CFOs Need to Know to Mitigate the Risk of Digital ADA Lawsuits
As the digital landscape becomes more integral to business operations, the responsibilities of a Chief Financial Officer (CFO) have expanded beyond traditional financial oversight. One area that garnered significant attention is mitigating risks associated with digital Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) lawsuits. These lawsuits are on the rise and pose a legal threat as well as a financial and reputational one. For CFOs in Corporate America, understanding how to navigate these risks is crucial.

The Rise of Digital ADA Lawsuits

The ADA was enacted in 1990 to ensure equal access to public spaces for individuals with disabilities. While initially focused on physical locations, the ADA has evolved to include the digital realm. As more businesses operate online, websites and mobile applications are increasingly considered “public spaces” under the ADA. Companies must ensure that their digital platforms are accessible to people with disabilities.

Failure to comply with these requirements can result in costly lawsuits. In recent years, there has been a significant increase in digital ADA lawsuits, with thousands of cases filed annually. These lawsuits often target companies with websites or apps that are not accessible to individuals with disabilities, such as those with visual, auditory, or cognitive impairments.

Why CFOs Should Be Concerned About ADA Lawsuits

CFOs are responsible for managing their organization’s financial health, which includes mitigating risks that could lead to financial loss. Digital ADA lawsuits represent a significant risk for several reasons:
1. Financial Penalties: Non-compliance with ADA requirements can result in substantial fines and legal fees. These costs can quickly escalate, mainly if a company is involved in multiple lawsuits. For example, businesses that violate Title III of the ADA may face a maximum civil penalty of $75,000 for a first violation. Subsequent violations have been seen with up to a $150,000 fine.
2. Reputational Damage: In today’s socially conscious environment, failing to provide accessible digital experiences can harm a company’s reputation. Negative publicity from an ADA lawsuit can lead to losing customer trust and loyalty, ultimately affecting the bottom line.
3. Operational Disruption: ADA lawsuits can be time-consuming and disruptive to business operations. Companies may need to divert resources to address the legal proceedings and change their digital platforms.
4. Market Competitiveness: Companies prioritizing digital accessibility are better positioned to reach a broader audience, including the estimated 26% of the U.S. population living with a disability. This can provide a competitive advantage in the marketplace.
Critical Steps to Mitigating Digital ADA Lawsuit Risks

CFOs are critical in mitigating the risks associated with digital ADA lawsuits. They can help protect their organization from legal action by taking proactive steps and ensuring compliance with ADA requirements. Here are the key steps CFOs should consider:

Conduct a Comprehensive Accessibility Audit

The first step in mitigating ADA risks is to understand the current state of your organization’s digital accessibility. This involves conducting a comprehensive accessibility audit of your website, mobile apps, and other digital platforms. An audit will identify areas where your digital assets fall short of ADA compliance and provide a roadmap for remediation.

There are different types of accessibility audits, ranging from automated scans to manual testing by accessibility experts. While automated tools can quickly identify some issues, manual testing is essential for detecting more nuanced problems that automated tools might miss. A combination of both methods is often the most effective approach.

Implement a Remediation Plan

Once the audit is complete, the next step is implementing a remediation plan to address the identified issues. This plan should prioritize the most critical accessibility barriers and outline a timeline for making the necessary changes. It’s essential to involve key stakeholders, including web developers, content creators, and legal teams, in the remediation process to ensure that all aspects of digital accessibility are covered.

Establish Ongoing Monitoring and Maintenance

Digital accessibility is not a one-time project; it requires ongoing monitoring and maintenance. As your organization updates its digital platforms, new accessibility issues may arise—regular accessibility audits and monitoring tools, such as 216digital‘s a11y. Radar can help ensure that your digital assets remain compliant over time.

Ongoing monitoring is also essential for preventing frivolous ADA lawsuits. By maintaining a high level of digital accessibility, your organization can demonstrate its commitment to compliance, making it less likely to be targeted by opportunistic lawsuits.

Integrate Accessibility into Your Business Strategy

CFOs should advocate for integrating digital accessibility into the broader business strategy. This includes incorporating accessibility considerations into the design and development processes of new digital products and services. By making accessibility a core component of your organization’s digital strategy, you can reduce non-compliance risk and create a more inclusive user experience.

Stay Informed About Legal Developments

The legal landscape surrounding digital ADA compliance is continually evolving. CFOs must stay informed about changes in regulations, court rulings, and best practices for digital accessibility. This knowledge will enable you to anticipate potential risks and proactively mitigate them.

Partnering with legal experts who specialize in ADA compliance can also be beneficial. These professionals can guide the latest developments and help ensure your organization’s digital assets align with current legal requirements.

Build a Culture of Accessibility

Finally, fostering a culture of accessibility within your organization is critical to long-term compliance. This means educating employees about the importance of digital accessibility and providing them with the tools and training they need to create accessible content and experiences.

CFOs can lead by example by championing accessibility initiatives and allocating the necessary resources to support them. By embedding accessibility into your organization’s culture, you can create a sustainable approach to compliance that extends beyond the minimum legal requirements.

Wrapping Up

As CFOs in Corporate America, mitigating the risk of digital ADA lawsuits is a critical responsibility. By conducting thorough accessibility audits, implementing effective remediation plans, establishing ongoing monitoring, and integrating accessibility into the business strategy, CFOs can protect their organizations from legal, financial, and reputational harm. Moreover, by building a culture of accessibility, they can position their companies as leaders in inclusivity, ultimately driving long-term success.

Digital accessibility is not just a legal obligation; it’s a business imperative to enhance your company’s reputation, expand its customer base, and ensure compliance in an increasingly complex regulatory environment. Taking proactive steps today can save your organization from costly lawsuits and contribute to a more inclusive digital world for everyone.

Ready to take the next step? Schedule a complimentary ADA Strategy Briefing with 216digital today and start building a more accessible future for your company.
Greg McNeil

August 9, 2024

Legal Compliance

ADA, ADA Compliance, ADA Lawsuit, ADA Lawsuits, digital accessibility, Web Accessibility, web accessibility lawsuits, Website Accessibility
How CTOs Can Mitigate the Risk of ADA Lawsuits
As the Chief Technology Officer (CTO) in a corporate environment, you bear a significant responsibility: overseeing the technological backbone of your organization. This Role has evolved beyond managing IT infrastructure and software development in today’s digital landscape. One critical aspect that demands your attention is digital accessibility—a legal and ethical obligation that, if neglected, can expose your organization to the growing threat of digital ADA (Americans with Disabilities Act) lawsuits.

Understanding the Digital ADA Landscape

The ADA, enacted in 1990, was initially intended to ensure that people with disabilities have equal access to public spaces. With the digital revolution, this principle has extended to the online world, mandating that websites, mobile apps, and other digital assets be accessible to all users, including those with disabilities. In recent years, lawsuits have been filed targeting companies whose digital properties are not compliant with the ADA. These lawsuits allege that inaccessible websites and apps discriminate against users with disabilities, violating the ADA’s principles.

The Rising Tide of Digital ADA Lawsuits

The number of digital ADA lawsuits has skyrocketed over the past few years. In 2023 alone, plaintiffs filed 4,605 federal and state-filed ADA-related digital lawsuits across the United States. This trend shows no sign of slowing down, with organizations of all sizes—small businesses to Fortune 500 companies—finding themselves in litigation.

What’s driving this surge? Several factors contribute:
1. Increased Awareness and Advocacy: Disability advocacy groups are more vocal than ever, raising awareness about digital accessibility issues and encouraging individuals to take legal action.
2. Legal Precedents: Courts have increasingly ruled that websites and other digital platforms are extensions of physical spaces and must be accessible under the ADA.
3. Regulatory Scrutiny: The Department of Justice (DOJ) has clarified that digital accessibility is a priority, further emboldening plaintiffs to file lawsuits, stating:
4. “…the Department has consistently taken the position that the ADA’s requirements apply to all the goods, services, privileges, or activities offered by public accommodations, including those offered on the web.”– US Department of Justice | Guidance on Web Accessibility and the ADA (2022)
5. Automation of Legal Processes: Some law firms leverage automation to identify non-compliant websites and initiate lawsuits at scale, making pursuing such cases more accessible and lucrative. In fact, the top 10 plaintiff law firms in 2023 account for more than 80% of all federally filed cases.
The Financial and Reputational Risks

For CTOs, the implications of a digital ADA lawsuit are significant. The financial costs can be staggering, including legal fees, settlement amounts, and the expenses associated with remediating your digital properties to meet compliance standards. Additionally, there is the risk of punitive damages, mainly if your organization is found to have willfully ignored accessibility requirements.

Beyond the financial impact, there is also the potential damage to your organization’s reputation. A lawsuit can tarnish your brand image, leading to negative press coverage and losing trust among consumers, partners, and investors. In a world where corporate responsibility and inclusivity are increasingly valued, failing to prioritize digital accessibility can undermine your organization’s standing in the marketplace.

Key Areas of Vulnerability for a ADA Lawsuits

As CTO, you must recognize the key areas where your organization may be vulnerable to digital ADA lawsuits:
1. Website Accessibility: Your organization’s website is often the primary target of ADA lawsuits. Key issues include missing alt text for images, poor keyboard navigation, and a need for compatibility with screen readers. Even minor oversights can lead to significant legal trouble.
2. Mobile Applications: With the rise of mobile-first strategies, ensuring your apps are accessible is crucial. This includes providing text alternatives for non-text content and ensuring that all interactive elements are readily usable by individuals with disabilities.
3. Digital Documents: PDFs, Word documents, and other downloadable files on your website must be accessible. This means using proper tagging, ensuring screen readers can interpret content accurately, and providing alternative formats when necessary.
4. E-commerce Platforms: If your organization operates an online store, the checkout process must be fully accessible. Issues such as inaccessible forms, missing labels, and problematic error messages can expose your organization to legal action.
5. Third-Party Integrations: Any third-party tools or plugins used on your website or app must also be accessible. Relying on non-compliant third-party solutions does not absolve your organization of liability.
Proactive Measures to Mitigate Risk

Mitigating the risk of digital ADA lawsuits requires a proactive approach. As CTO, you are pivotal in implementing strategies that ensure your digital properties are compliant and accessible. Here’s how to get started:
1. Conduct a Comprehensive Accessibility Audit: Conduct a thorough audit of your digital properties. This should include both automated and manual testing to identify accessibility issues. Automated tools can quickly highlight apparent problems, while manual testing ensures that the most nuanced matters are caught. Partnering with a firm like 216digital can give you the expertise needed to conduct a robust audit.
2. Implement Accessibility Remediation: Once the audit is complete, prioritize the remediation of identified issues. This may involve updating your website’s code, redesigning certain elements, or working with third-party vendors to ensure their tools are accessible. Remember, accessibility is an ongoing process, not a one-time fix.
3. Adopt an Accessibility-First Mindset: Integrate accessibility into your development lifecycle. This means ensuring that all new digital products and updates are designed with accessibility. Educate your development team on accessibility best practices and incorporate accessibility checks into your quality assurance processes.
4. Stay Informed on Legal and Regulatory Developments: The legal landscape surrounding digital accessibility is constantly evolving. Stay informed about the latest court rulings, DOJ guidance, and state-specific regulations that may impact your organization. This knowledge will help you anticipate potential risks and adapt your strategy accordingly.
5. Engage in Ongoing Monitoring and Maintenance: Accessibility is not a set-it-and-forget-it task. Regularly monitor your digital properties to ensure ongoing compliance. Tools like 216digital’s a11y.Radar service offers continuous monitoring, helping you stay ahead of potential issues and avoid costly lawsuits.
6. Develop an Accessibility Statement: An accessibility statement on your website demonstrates your commitment to inclusivity and transparency. It should outline your organization’s steps to ensure accessibility, provide contact information for users to report issues, and offer alternative ways to access content.
The Role of 216digital in Mitigating ADA Lawsuits

At 216digital, we understand the complexities and challenges of achieving and maintaining digital accessibility. Our comprehensive services are designed to support CTOs like you in mitigating the risk of ADA lawsuits while ensuring that your digital properties are inclusive for all users, from conducting thorough accessibility audits to providing ongoing monitoring with our a11y. Radar service offers the expertise and tools needed to safeguard your organization.

Conclusion

As a CTO in Corporate America, understanding and mitigating the risk of digital ADA lawsuits is crucial to your Role. By prioritizing accessibility, you protect your organization from legal and financial repercussions and contribute to a more inclusive digital landscape. With the right strategies and partners, you can confidently navigate this complex issue, ensuring that your digital properties are compliant, accessible, and free from the threat of costly litigation.Ready to take the next step? Schedule a complimentary ADA Strategy Briefing with 216digital today and start building a more accessible future for your organization.
Greg McNeil

August 9, 2024

Legal Compliance

Accessibility, ADA Compliance, ADA Lawsuit, ADA Lawsuits, ADA Website Compliance, CTOs, web accessibility lawsuits, Website Accessibility
ADA Compliance for Videos
If you’re a website owner, developer, or content creator, you might already be familiar with the importance of making your site accessible. You might have heard about adding alt text to images or ensuring that your site is navigable using just a keyboard. But what about videos?

Videos are a powerful way to communicate with your audience, but if they aren’t accessible, you could be missing out on a large portion of your audience and might even run into legal issues. In this article, we’re diving into ADA compliance for videos, why it’s important, and how to make sure your videos are accessible to everyone.

What is ADA Video Compliance?

ADA stands for the Americans with Disabilities Act, which was passed in 1990 to prevent discrimination against individuals with disabilities. While it originally focused on physical spaces like buildings, the ADA has evolved to include digital spaces, including websites and the content they host. When we talk about ADA compliance for videos, we’re referring to making sure that your videos can be accessed and understood by everyone, including people with disabilities.

ADA compliance for videos is closely related to the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG), which provide a set of standards for making web content more accessible. The most recent version, WCAG 2.1, lays out specific guidelines for making videos accessible.

Why is ADA Video Compliance Important?

You might be wondering why ADA video compliance is so crucial. There are a few key reasons:
1. Inclusivity: Making your videos accessible ensures that everyone, regardless of ability, can engage with your content. This isn’t just the right thing to do, it also makes good business sense. When your content is accessible, you open up your site to a broader audience.
2. Legal Requirements: The ADA requires that digital content be accessible, and failure to comply can result in lawsuits. While the law may not specifically mention videos, courts have interpreted the ADA to include all web content, including multimedia such as videos.
3. Better User Experience: Accessible videos provide a better experience for all users. Features like captions can help people understand your content in noisy environments or when they’re not able to use sound.
4. Search Engine Optimization (SEO): Adding captions, transcripts, and other accessibility features can also help with SEO. Search engines can’t watch videos, but they can read captions and transcripts, which can help your content rank better in search results.
WCAG 2.1 Video Requirements

Understanding and following WCAG guidelines can help make sure your videos meet ADA requirements. The latest version, WCAG 2.1, sets clear rules for making videos accessible, which are important for legal reasons.

WCAG 2.1 details most video-related requirements in Section 1.2. This section focuses on providing alternatives for time-based media like audio and videos. Here are the key guidelines for video content for Level A and AA:
1. 1.2.1: For prerecorded videos with no audio, there must be an audio track that gives the same information.
2. 1.2.2: Captions should be included for all prerecorded audio in videos.
3. 1.2.3: Prerecorded videos should have audio descriptions.
4. 1.2.4: Live videos should include captions for all spoken content.
5. 1.2.5: All prerecorded videos must have audio descriptions.
Tips for Creating Accessible Videos

Provide Captions for Multimedia Content

Captions are text versions of the spoken part of a video or audio. They display the dialogue, sound effects, and other audio cues. For example, if a character in a video says, “I’m going to the store,” the caption will show this text on the screen. Captions are usually placed at the bottom of the video, so they don’t cover up important parts of the visuals.

SC 1.2.2 Captions (Prerecorded) states that all prerecorded video and audio content must have captions. This helps people who can’t hear or who prefer to read understand what’s going on in the media.

Think About Your Audience When Writing Captions

Just adding captions to your videos isn’t enough. You need to ensure they’re accurate, easy to read, and truly helpful for viewers.

Here’s what your captions should do:
- Include All Dialogue and Key Sounds: Capture every word spoken in the video, and don’t forget important sounds and music—for instance, sound effects from sports events.
- Match the Audio and Video: Make sure captions sync up with what’s happening in the video. They shouldn’t lag behind someone speaking or an animation on screen.
- Be Readable: Use a font size that’s big enough for everyone to see comfortably.
- Cover All Your Videos: Add captions to every video you share, even on social media.
Watch Out for Automated Captions

When it comes to captions, it’s best to steer clear of automated tools. While AI has gotten a lot better, these automatic captions still make mistakes that can be annoying and distracting for viewers.

If you do use automated captions, make sure to check them thoroughly for errors. The ideal approach is to create your own captions and transcripts while you’re working on your video scripts.

Include Audio Descriptions

Audio descriptions are better than transcripts for people who are blind or visually impaired. Think of them like a podcast that explains what’s happening in a video. They provide information without requiring the viewer to see the screen.

Adding audio descriptions to your videos might feel a bit unusual at first, but it quickly becomes second nature. Audio descriptions are specifically created to help users with vision loss by describing the visual elements of a video. They include a voice track that fits into the pauses between dialogue and other audio; whenever you can, include audio descriptions in your videos.

Provide a Transcript

WCAG guidelines don’t require transcripts for pre-recorded videos with audio. However, if you publish videos without audio, you need to provide a detailed transcript to meet WCAG SC 1.2.1 (Audio-only and Video-only).

While captions alone can make videos accessible, providing transcripts is a good practice. Transcripts let people read at their own pace, which helps those using assistive technology, non-native speakers, and individuals with learning disabilities.

Make Sure Your Video Player Has Accessible Controls

Many people use keyboards to navigate the web without a mouse. Keyboard accessibility is an important part of making websites usable for everyone, but video players can sometimes create problems for keyboard users. These issues usually come from poor coding or JavaScript problems.

To check if your video player works well with a keyboard, open your website in a browser and use the Tab and Shift-Tab keys to move through the controls. As you test, ask yourself these questions:
- Can I use all the controls on the video player?
- Does the keyboard seem to get “stuck” on any control or part?
- Which part is currently selected by the keyboard?
Avoiding Flashing Content

Videos that flash or flicker can be problematic for people with photosensitive epilepsy. WCAG guidelines recommend avoiding content that flashes more than three times per second to prevent triggering seizures.

How to Install Videos on Your Website to Be Accessible

Now that you understand the importance of ADA video compliance and the relevant WCAG guidelines, let’s talk about how to install videos on your website to ensure they are accessible.

Choose an Accessible Video Player

The first step is to choose a video player that is designed with accessibility in mind. Many popular video players, like YouTube’s embedded player, already have features like keyboard accessibility and customizable captions. If you’re using a custom video player, make sure it meets WCAG guidelines by testing it with keyboard navigation and screen readers.

Add Captions to Your Videos

When you upload a video to your site, you’ll want to make sure it has captions. If you’re using a platform like YouTube, you can upload your own captions or use the platform’s automatic captioning feature, though it’s a good idea to review and edit these captions for accuracy. If you’re hosting videos yourself, there are many tools available for creating and syncing captions.

Provide Transcripts

After you’ve added captions, the next step is to create a transcript of the video. You can offer the transcript as a downloadable file or display it directly on the page below the video. Providing a transcript not only helps with accessibility but can also improve your site’s SEO.

Include Audio Descriptions

For videos with important visual content that isn’t described in the audio, consider creating a version of the video with audio descriptions. This can be as simple as adding a voiceover that describes key visual elements or creating a separate audio track that users can turn on if they need it.

Test Your Videos for Accessibility

Once you’ve added all the necessary accessibility features, it’s important to test your videos to ensure they are actually accessible. This means watching the video with captions and a screen reader, navigating the player with just a keyboard, and making sure the video content is clear and understandable, even without sound or visuals.

Use an Accessibility Checker

There are many tools available that can automatically check your site’s accessibility, including your videos. These tools can identify issues you have missed and suggest ways to fix them. Regularly running these checks can help you maintain ADA compliance as you add new content to your site.

Make Accessibility a Priority

Web accessibility isn’t just a legal requirement—it’s a way to make your content more inclusive and reach a wider audience. By focusing on ADA video compliance, you’re taking important steps to ensure that everyone, regardless of ability, can enjoy and engage with your content. Whether you’re a website owner, developer, or content creator, making your videos accessible should be a top priority.

Remember, accessibility is an ongoing process. As you continue to create and share video content, keep WCAG guidelines in mind, and make it a habit to review and update your accessibility features regularly. Not only will this help you avoid legal issues, but it will also help you create a more inclusive and welcoming online experience for all your users.

If you need help with video accessibility or legal compliance, we’re here to help. Schedule a briefing with 216digital today so that you can confidently take this next step into digital accessibility.
Greg McNeil

August 9, 2024

How-to Guides

Accessibility, ADA Compliance, ADA Website Compliance, videos and audio content, Web Accessibility, web development, Website Accessibility
Choosing the Right Accessibility Audit for Your Goals
Ensuring your website is accessible to everyone, regardless of their abilities, is a legal obligation and a crucial aspect of good business practice. Digital accessibility is about creating an inclusive web experience, allowing everyone to navigate, interact, and engage with your online content without barriers. A vital component of this effort is accessibility testing, which identifies and helps rectify issues that could prevent users with disabilities from accessing your site. But with so many accessibility audits available, how do you choose the right one for your goals?

This post will explore different accessibility testing methods, their benefits, and how you can select the best approach to meet your needs.

What is Accessibility Testing?

Accessibility testing evaluates a website or digital product to ensure people of all abilities can use it. This includes users with visual, auditory, physical, speech, cognitive, or neurological disabilities. The goal is to identify any barriers that might prevent these users from fully interacting with your site, whether that’s difficulty reading text, navigating menus, or accessing multimedia content.

Accessibility testing typically involves checking against established guidelines, such as the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG), which provide a comprehensive framework for creating accessible web content. Testing can be done using various methods, from automated tools to manual assessments by accessibility experts.

Why Your Website Needs Accessibility Testing

Web accessibility is not just a matter of ethics—it’s a legal requirement in many regions, including the United States, where the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) mandates that websites be accessible to people with disabilities. Failing to meet these requirements can result in costly lawsuits, damage to your brand’s reputation, and loss of potential customers.

Beyond legal compliance, accessibility testing is essential for ensuring a positive user experience for all visitors. An accessible website can increase your audience reach, improve customer satisfaction, and boost your SEO efforts, as search engines like Google favor easy-to-navigate and understand sites.

Overview of Different Accessibility Testing Methods

Several methods of accessibility testing exist, each with strengths and limitations. Understanding these methods will help you choose the right approach for your goals.

Automated Testing

Automated accessibility testing uses software tools to scan your website for accessibility issues. These tools can quickly identify common problems, such as missing alt text, improper heading structures, or color contrast issues.

Pros: Automated testing is fast, cost-effective, and can cover large portions of your site in a short amount of time. It’s an excellent first step in identifying apparent issues.

Cons: While automated tools can catch many issues, they only cover 30-40% of accessibility guidelines. They can miss more subtle or complex problems that require human judgment.

Manual Testing

Manual testing involves human testers evaluating your website’s accessibility by simulating users’ experience with disabilities. This might include using screen readers, navigating with a keyboard, or testing for cognitive load.

Pros: Manual testing is thorough and can identify issues that automated tools miss, such as keyboard navigation problems, improper use of ARIA (Accessible Rich Internet Applications), or issues with interactive elements like forms and buttons.

Cons: Manual testing is time-consuming and more expensive than automated testing. Expertise and experience are required to assess a site’s accessibility accurately.

Hybrid Testing

Hybrid testing combines automated and manual approaches to determine your site’s accessibility comprehensively. Automated tools are used to quickly identify issues, while manual testing addresses more complex problems.

Pros: Hybrid testing offers the best of both worlds—speed and thoroughness. It ensures that no stone is left unturned in your accessibility audit.

Cons: While more comprehensive, hybrid testing can be more costly and time-consuming than automated tools alone.

Choosing the Right Accessibility Audit for Your Goals

When selecting an accessibility audit, consider your specific goals, resources, and the complexity of your website. Here are a few scenarios to help guide your decision:
- Initial Compliance Check: If you’re new to accessibility and looking for a quick overview of your site’s compliance with basic guidelines, an automated audit might be a good starting point. This can help you identify low-hanging fruit that can be quickly addressed.
- Comprehensive Accessibility Review: For businesses that need a thorough assessment of their website’s accessibility, a hybrid audit combining both automated and manual testing is ideal. This approach will provide a complete picture of your site’s strengths and weaknesses.
- Ongoing Monitoring and Maintenance: If your goal is to maintain accessibility over time and avoid compliance issues, consider an ongoing monitoring service that regularly checks your site for new issues as content and technology change.
Overview of 216digital’s Accessibility Services

At 216digital, we understand that navigating the complexities of digital accessibility can be overwhelming. That’s why we offer a structured approach to accessibility audits through our Phase 1 Risk Mitigation and Phase 2 Real World Accessibility services.

Phase 1: Risk Mitigation Service

This initial phase focuses on identifying and addressing high-risk accessibility issues that could expose your business to legal action. Using automated tools and expert manual review, we prioritize the most critical issues that need immediate attention.

Phase 2: Real-World Accessibility Service

In Phase 2, we dive deeper into the user experience, focusing on real-world scenarios and how users interact with your site. This phase includes extensive manual testing to uncover complex issues and provides actionable recommendations for improving your site’s accessibility.

How Combining Automated and Manual Testing Enhances Accessibility

A combined approach to accessibility testing offers a more robust and reliable audit process. Automated tools quickly handle large-scale issues, but manual testing ensures your site meets the nuanced needs of all users. By integrating both methods, you can create a more accessible and user-friendly website, reducing the risk of missed issues and ensuring a more inclusive experience.

216digital’s a11y.Radar Service for Ongoing Monitoring

Maintaining accessibility is an ongoing process. 216digital’s a11y. Radar service continuously monitors your website, automatically scanning for new accessibility issues as they arise. This service helps ensure that your site complies with accessibility guidelines over time, catching potential problems before they become costly liabilities.

a11y.Radars Key Features include:
- Dynamic Dashboard Display
- Compliance Scans
- Detailed Issues Reports
- Issues Over Time
- Manual Testing Reports
- Email Alerts
- Current Web Compliance Status
How a11y.Radar Helps Prevent Frivolous ADA Lawsuits and Maintains Accessibility Compliance

One of the biggest concerns for businesses today is the threat of frivolous ADA lawsuits. These lawsuits can be costly and time-consuming, even if the claims are unfounded. 216digital’s a11y. Radar service acts as a safeguard, continuously monitoring your site for compliance and helping you address issues before they lead to legal action. By keeping your site up-to-date with accessibility standards, a11y.Radar protects you from lawsuits and ensures a better user experience for all visitors.

Conclusion

Choosing the proper accessibility audit is crucial for ensuring your website meets the needs of all users while staying compliant with legal requirements. Whether you’re just starting with accessibility or looking for a comprehensive review, understanding the different testing methods and services available will help you make an informed decision.

At 216digital, we can help develop a strategy to integrate WCAG 2.1 compliance into your development roadmap on your terms. To learn more about how our experts can help you confidently create and maintain an accessible website that meets both your business goals and the needs of your users, schedule a complementary ADA Strategy Briefing today.
Greg McNeil

August 8, 2024

Testing & Remediation

Accessibility Audit, Accessibility testing, digital accessibility, Web Accessibility, Web Accessibility Solution, Website Accessibility Tools
Navigating International Accessibility Laws
In today’s digital age, having an online presence is crucial for businesses of all sizes. But with the global reach of the internet comes a maze of regulations and standards, especially when it comes to web accessibility. If you’re a website owner or content creator in the United States, you might wonder how international accessibility laws affect your business. This article will walk you through the basics of these laws, help you understand which ones apply to your online business, and explain why staying compliant is not just about following the rules but also about expanding your audience and boosting your brand’s reputation.

What Are the Different International Accessibility Laws?

When it comes to accessibility laws, different countries have their own rules and guidelines to ensure that websites are accessible to everyone, including people with disabilities. Let’s take a look at some of the key international laws and what they cover:

The European Accessibility Act (EAA)

The EAA is a significant law in the European Union that came into effect in 2019. It aims to make products and services more accessible to people with disabilities. For online businesses, this means ensuring that websites, apps, and e-commerce platforms are usable by everyone. The EAA covers a broad range of industries, from banking services to e-books and online shopping. If your business operates or sells products in the EU, compliance with the EAA is a must.

The Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act (AODA)

In Canada, the AODA sets out guidelines to make Ontario more accessible by 2025. It applies to both public and private sectors, requiring businesses to ensure their websites are accessible to people with disabilities. This includes providing text alternatives for images, ensuring that website navigation is straightforward, and making online forms accessible. If your online business targets customers in Ontario, following AODA guidelines is essential.

The UK Equality Act 2010

The UK Equality Act is a comprehensive piece of legislation that protects people from discrimination in the workplace and wider society. For online businesses, this means ensuring that websites are accessible to everyone, regardless of their abilities. The law covers all aspects of web accessibility, including content readability, keyboard navigation, and screen reader compatibility. If your business has customers in the UK, the Equality Act’s requirements apply to you.

The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG)

While not a law, WCAG is a set of guidelines developed by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) that is widely used as the global standard for web accessibility. Many international laws, including those mentioned above, reference WCAG as the benchmark for accessibility. WCAG provides a clear roadmap for making web content more accessible, covering everything from text alternatives to visual content, to ensuring that your website works well with assistive technologies.

What International Laws Apply to Your Online Business?

Understanding which international accessibility laws apply to your online business can feel overwhelming, especially if you’re targeting customers from different parts of the world. Here’s a simple way to figure it out:
- Identify Your Audience: Start by identifying where your customers are located. If you have a global audience, it’s important to consider the accessibility laws in each region. For example, if you sell products in the EU, the EAA will apply to your business.
- Assess Your Operations: If your business operates in multiple countries, you’ll need to comply with the accessibility laws in each of those regions. This might include following the EAA for the EU, AODA for Ontario, and the UK Equality Act for the UK. If your business is based solely in the United States but reaches customers globally, you should still be mindful of these laws to avoid potential legal issues.
- Check the Legal Requirements: Different countries have different thresholds for when their laws apply to foreign businesses. For instance, if your business has a significant presence in the EU, you are required to comply with the EAA. Similarly, if you provide goods or services in Ontario, Canada, the AODA will apply.
Do These Laws Apply to Your Online Business?

The big question for many website owners and content creators is whether these international laws actually apply to their online business. The answer depends on a few factors:
- Business Location: If your business is based in a country with specific accessibility laws (like the EU or Canada), you’re automatically required to comply with those laws.
- Global Reach: Even if your business is based in the United States, you might still be subject to international accessibility laws if you sell products or services to customers in other countries. For example, if you ship products to the UK or have a website that targets European customers, you need to comply with the relevant accessibility laws.
- Legal Consequences: Non-compliance with international accessibility laws can lead to fines, legal action, and damage to your brand’s reputation. Even if you’re not legally required to follow these laws, doing so voluntarily can help you avoid these risks and demonstrate that you value inclusivity.
The Importance of Web Compliance and Accessibility

Web compliance and web accessibility aren’t just about avoiding legal trouble—they’re also about doing the right thing and expanding your reach. By making your website accessible, you’re ensuring that everyone, including people with disabilities, can access your content and services. This can lead to increased customer satisfaction, a larger audience, and a stronger brand reputation.

At 216digital, we understand the complexities of navigating international accessibility laws. Our web remediation services are designed to help your business stay compliant and accessible, no matter where your customers are located. From initial audits to ongoing support, we offer a comprehensive approach to web compliance that ensures your website meets the latest standards and guidelines.

Whether you’re just starting to explore international accessibility laws or need help bringing your website up to code, 216digital is here to guide you through the process. Our team of experts stays up-to-date with the latest regulations and guidelines, ensuring that your website is not only compliant but also user-friendly for everyone.

Conclusion

Navigating international accessibility laws might seem daunting, but with the right approach, it can be manageable and even beneficial for your business. By understanding the different laws, knowing which ones apply to your online business, and taking steps to ensure compliance, you can avoid legal pitfalls, expand your audience, and enhance your brand’s reputation.

If you’re ready to take the next step in making your website accessible and compliant with international laws, 216digital is here to help. Our web remediation services are tailored to your business needs, ensuring that you meet the necessary standards while creating an inclusive online experience for all users. Don’t wait—let’s work together to make your website accessible to everyone, everywhere.
Contact us today to schedule a complementary ADA Strategy Briefing so that you can confidently take this next step into digital accessibility.
Greg McNeil

August 7, 2024

Legal Compliance

accessibility laws, ADA Compliance, digital accessibility, International Accessibility Laws, Web Accessibility, Website Accessibility
Insights from WebAIM’s Screen Reader Survey #10
In today’s digital age, ensuring that your website is accessible to everyone is more important than ever. WebAIM’s Screen Reader Survey #10 offers valuable insights into how people with disabilities use screen readers, which can help you make your website more accessible. If you’re an IT director, company owner, or anyone involved in managing a website, understanding these takeaways can help you improve your site’s digital accessibility and ensure it meets standards like Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG).

Targeted Demographic: Who Uses Screen Readers?

The WebAIM Screen Reader Survey #10 highlights a diverse group of people who use screen readers. These users come from various backgrounds and have different needs, but they all rely on screen readers to access content online. Knowing your audience is vital to making your website accessible. Here is a breakdown of who these users are:
1. People with Visual Impairments: This is the largest group of screen reader users, with 76.6% of respondents being visually impaired. They might have complete blindness or low vision that prevents them from reading text on a screen. Screen readers convert text into spoken words for these individuals, allowing them to navigate and understand web content.
2. People with Learning Disabilities: Some users with learning disabilities find screen readers helpful. They might have difficulty processing written text or need assistance with comprehension. Screen readers can help by reading text aloud and breaking it down into more manageable parts.
3. Older Adults: As people age, they may experience vision loss or other difficulties that make screen reading challenging. Older adults may use screen readers to compensate for reduced vision or cognitive changes that affect their ability to interact with digital content.
4. People with Physical Disabilities: Some users with physical disabilities that affect their ability to use a mouse or keyboard may rely on screen readers to navigate websites. They might use adaptive technology to interact with their devices, making screen readers an essential tool for accessing web content.
Targeted Age: Understanding the Age Range

The survey also reveals insights into the age range of screen reader users. While screen readers are crucial for users of all ages, certain age groups use them more frequently:
1. Younger Users: Younger users with disabilities are increasingly tech-savvy and may use screen readers alongside other assistive technologies. They often expect modern websites to be accessible and are quick to notice when accessibility features are lacking.
2. Middle-Aged Users: This group may include people who have acquired disabilities later in life or who are managing long-term conditions. They often need screen readers to access work-related or personal online content.
3. Older Adults: As mentioned earlier, older adults may use screen readers due to age-related vision loss or other issues. This demographic is growing, making it essential for websites to cater to their needs.
Understanding the age range of screen reader users can help you design your website in a way that accommodates different life stages and technological preferences.

Disabilities and Disability Types: Types of Disabilities Addressed

Screen readers are used by individuals with a range of disabilities. Let’s take a closer look at the types of disabilities that screen readers help address:
1. Visual Impairments: This includes both complete blindness and low vision. Screen readers convert on-screen text into speech, making content accessible to users who cannot see it. For users with low vision, screen readers can be combined with other assistive technologies, such as screen magnifiers.
2. Cognitive Disabilities: Users with cognitive disabilities might struggle with memory, attention, or processing information. Screen readers can assist by reading text aloud, which can make it easier for these users to understand and retain information.
3. Motor Disabilities: Individuals with motor disabilities might have difficulty using a keyboard or mouse. Screen readers can help by allowing users to navigate websites using voice commands or other adaptive technologies.
4. Hearing Impairments: While screen readers are primarily used by people with visual impairments, some individuals with hearing impairments might also use them. For example, screen readers can be used in conjunction with other assistive technologies to provide a complete experience for users with multiple disabilities.
The Importance of Digital Accessibility

Understanding these demographics and disability types underscores the importance of digital accessibility. Web accessibility ensures that your website can be used by everyone, regardless of their abilities. This is not just about compliance with standards like WCAG; it is about creating an inclusive digital environment.

This is why digital accessibility should be a priority for your business:
1. Legal Compliance: Many countries, including the United States, have laws that require websites to be accessible. Failing to meet these requirements can result in legal action, which can be costly and damaging to your reputation.
2. Broader Audience: By making your website accessible, you open it up to a wider audience. This includes not only people with disabilities but also those who use assistive technologies or have temporary impairments.
3. Better User Experience: Accessible websites often provide a better overall user experience. Features that help screen reader users can also benefit other users, such as more straightforward navigation and more readable content.
4. Enhanced Brand Image: Companies that prioritize accessibility are seen as more inclusive and socially responsible. This can improve your brand’s image and help build a positive reputation.
Making Your Website Accessible

To ensure your website meets digital accessibility standards, follow these best practices:
1. Adhere to WCAG Guidelines: WCAG is the gold standard for web accessibility. They provide specific recommendations for making web content more accessible. Familiarize yourself with these guidelines and implement them on your site.
2. Test with Screen Readers: Regularly test your website with screen readers to identify any accessibility issues. This can help you ensure that your content is being read correctly and that users can navigate your site effectively.
3. Seek Feedback: Get feedback from actual screen reader users. Their insights can be invaluable in identifying and addressing accessibility issues that you might not have considered.
4. Stay Updated: Digital accessibility is an evolving field. Keep up with the latest trends and updates to ensure your website remains compliant and accessible.
Wrapping Up

WebAIM’s Screen Reader Survey #10 provides crucial insights into who uses screen readers and how they interact with web content. By understanding the demographics, age ranges, and disability types of screen reader users, you can make informed decisions about improving your website’s digital accessibility. Adhering to WCAG guidelines and incorporating accessibility best practices will not only help you comply with legal requirements but also enhance the user experience for everyone.

For IT directors and company owners, prioritizing web accessibility is a smart move that benefits both your users and your business. By taking these insights to heart, you can create a more inclusive and effective online presence.

If you’d like to talk further about your web accessibility initiative, Schedule a Complimentary ADA Strategy Briefing with the experts at 216digital. We will help you take the steps towards web accessibility on your terms by developing a strategy to integrate WCAG 2.1 compliance into your development roadmap.
Greg McNeil

August 6, 2024

WCAG Compliance

digital accessibility, screen readers, Web Accessibility, WebAIM’s Screen Reader Survey, WebAIM’s Screen Reader Survey #10, Website Accessibility
Why Screen Overlays Can Harm Your Website and Business

In today’s digital world, having a website that’s accessible to everyone is not just a nice-to-have; it’s essential. As a business owner, you want to ensure your website is user-friendly for all potential customers. However, when it comes to web accessibility, there’s a common misconception that screen overlays are a quick fix. Unfortunately, these overlays can create more problems than they solve. In this article, we’ll explore why screen overlays can actually hinder users with visual impairments and how they can put your business at risk for an ADA lawsuit.

What Are Screen Overlays?

Screen overlays are tools that can be added to a website to provide accessibility features. These overlays are designed to make a website more usable for people with disabilities by adding features like text-to-speech, color contrast adjustments, and font size changes. While the intention behind these tools is good, their effectiveness and actual impact are often questionable.

Why Screen Overlays Can Be Problematic

1. They Can Create More Barriers

Screen overlays might seem like a helpful solution, but they often end up complicating things. For individuals who rely on assistive technologies such as screen readers, overlays can interfere with how these tools work. Screen readers, for instance, may not interact well with overlays, making it harder for users to navigate the site. Instead of enhancing accessibility, overlays might add another layer of complexity that can make it more difficult for disabled users to access the information they need.

2. They Can Conflict with Existing Accessibility Features

Many websites already incorporate accessibility features that follow the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG). These features are carefully designed to work together to provide a seamless experience for all users. When you add a screen overlay, it can conflict with these existing features, creating inconsistencies that can confuse users. This is especially problematic for people who rely on keyboard navigation or voice commands.

3. They May Not Address the Root Issues

Screen overlays often tackle symptoms rather than the root causes of accessibility issues. For example, if your website has poor color contrast or inaccessible navigation, an overlay might offer temporary solutions like color adjustments. However, these adjustments might not fully resolve the underlying problems, leaving users with disabilities facing ongoing challenges. The real solution lies in making the website itself more accessible through proper design and development practices.

Impact on Your Business: ADA Lawsuits and Legal Risks

Increased Risk of ADA Lawsuits

The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) requires businesses to make their websites accessible to people with disabilities. If a website is not accessible, it can be subject to legal action. There has been a significant increase in ADA lawsuits targeting websites. Many of these lawsuits are filed because businesses use screen overlays that fail to genuinely improve accessibility.

Websites relying on screen overlays are often scrutinized in legal cases. Courts and advocacy groups are increasingly aware that these overlays do not always meet ADA requirements. As a result, businesses using screen overlays could find themselves in legal trouble, facing expensive lawsuits and the potential need for significant site redesigns.

Reputational Damage

Beyond legal risks, using screen overlays can damage your brand’s reputation. Customers who encounter accessibility issues on your website may feel excluded or undervalued, which can hurt your business’s image. In the digital age, word spreads quickly, and negative experiences can lead to unfavorable reviews and a tarnished reputation. Investing in true accessibility improvements not only helps you avoid legal trouble but also shows that you care about all of your customers.

Lessons from Recent News

A recent New York Times article, For Blind Internet Users, the Fix Can Be Worse Than the Flaws, highlights the growing concern around the effectiveness of AI-based accessibility tools, including screen overlays. The article reveals that while these tools are marketed as solutions, they often fall short of providing real accessibility improvements. The focus has shifted towards creating genuinely accessible websites from the ground up rather than relying on add-ons that may not address the fundamental issues.

The article underscores a key point: businesses should focus on building websites that are inherently accessible, rather than relying on tools that might offer only partial solutions. This approach aligns better with ADA compliance and ensures that your website meets the needs of all users.

Best Practices for True Web Accessibility

1. Follow Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG)

The best way to ensure your website is accessible is to follow WCAG. These guidelines provide a comprehensive framework for making web content accessible to people with disabilities. They cover areas such as text alternatives for images, keyboard accessibility, and clear navigation. By adhering to these guidelines, you create a website that is genuinely accessible to all users.

2. Conduct Regular Accessibility Audits

Regular accessibility audits can help identify and address potential issues before they become major problems. These audits involve evaluating your website’s design and functionality to ensure it meets accessibility standards. Professional audits can provide valuable insights and recommendations for improvements, and working with accessibility specialists like 216digital can give insight on the ADA requirements to avoid potential legal issues.

3. Invest in Inclusive Design from the Start

Incorporating accessibility into your website’s design from the beginning is the most effective approach. This involves considering the needs of users with disabilities during the design and development phases. By prioritizing accessibility from the start, you create a more inclusive experience for all users and reduce the risk of legal challenges.

Stay Web Accessible with 216digital

Screen overlays might seem like a convenient solution for improving web accessibility, but they often fall short of providing meaningful benefits. Instead, they can create additional barriers for users with disabilities and increase your risk of facing an ADA lawsuit. To ensure your website is genuinely accessible, focus on following established guidelines, conducting regular audits, and investing in inclusive design from the start.

By taking these steps, you will demonstrate your commitment to providing an inclusive and user-friendly experience for all visitors. In the long run, this approach will help you avoid legal troubles, protect your reputation, and create a better online environment for everyone.

Ready to get started? At 216digital, our expert team can assist you in developing a strategy to make this journey of WCAG 2.1 compliance as smooth as possible. Contact us today to schedule a complementary ADA Strategy Briefing so that you can confidently take this next step into digital accessibility.

Greg McNeil

August 5, 2024

Legal Compliance

ADA non-compliance, Overlay, Overlay widgets, screen overlays, Web Accessibility, Website Accessibility
Why Web Accessible Fonts Matter for Your Website
Design, page layout, and navigation all play a big role in making a website accessible. But the smaller details—like font—are just as important. Designing accessible content isn’t just about picking an easy-to-read font. Even with accessible fonts, people with low vision, cognitive, language, and learning disabilities might still have trouble reading due to factors like font spacing, size, and contrast —to name a few.

Let’s go over what makes a font accessible and how you can choose the right one for your website.

WCAG and Accessible Fonts

Websites are considered ADA-compliant when they follow the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG). These guidelines make web content more accessible for people with disabilities. Fonts play a big role in this—they need to be clear, readable, and usable by everyone, including those with visual impairments or cognitive disabilities.

WCAG includes many sections that focus on content visibility and design, helping website owners and designers pick fonts that are accessible. Here are the key WCAG sections that relate to fonts:
- Presenting Web Content in Different Ways: Fonts should be easy to read when resized or presented with different styles or spacing.
- Making Web Content Easy to See or Hear: Consider a font’s family, size, spacing, and color to make sure the content is easy to see.
We’ll dive deeper into these principles and explain how they relate to specific font styles and families.

The Importance of Using Accessible Fonts

Using accessible fonts on your website is really important for people with disabilities, making sure they can easily read your content. But it’s not just for them—everyone benefits from easy-to-read fonts. Many people skim through text rather than reading every word, especially if they’re distracted, stressed, or juggling multiple tasks. That’s why a clear, easy-to-read font can be a big help.

Plus, accessible fonts can actually boost your site’s search engine ranking. How readable your text is plays a big role in how search engines like Google rank your website. Sites that are easy to read often get a higher ranking.

For more details on how accessibility and SEO go hand in hand, check out our guide on SEO and web accessibility.

So, What Makes a Font Accessible?

Choosing the right font isn’t one-size-fits-all, but some key things like size and color really do matter. Here are a few WCAG guidelines to help you pick fonts that meet ADA requirements.

Spacing

Spacing is a big deal when it comes to making sure your website is accessible. Good spacing helps keep your letters, words, and lines clear and easy to read without overlapping.

According to WCAG’s Success Criterion 1.4.12, you should also think about how text can be adjusted. Some people with disabilities or those using assistive technology might need to change text size or spacing to make reading easier. For instance, individuals with dyslexia might find that increased spacing between letters and lines helps them read better. It’s important that when users adjust text in their browsers, the words don’t disappear or overlap.

Use Sufficient Text Spacing

To make text readable, here’s what you should keep in mind for spacing:
- Line Height: Make it at least 1.5 times the font size.
- Paragraph Spacing: Set it to at least 2 times the font size.
- Letter Spacing: Add at least 0.12 times the font size.
- Word Spacing: Ensure it’s at least 0.16 times the font size.
To figure out the best spacing for your font, use the Google Fonts Type Tester. It’s a handy tool that helps you see how different fonts look with various spacings so you can pick what works best for your project.

Color Contrast

You might think that black text on a white background is easy to read, but it’s not always that simple. Just like text with too little contrast can blend into the background, text with too much contrast can strain your eyes and cause visual fatigue.

For instance, compare these two color combos:
- Light gray text on a white background (low contrast, hard to read).
- Black text on a white background (high contrast, easy to read).
Whenever possible, go for the second option to make your text easier to read.

WCAG offers tips on making your text readable for everyone, including those with vision impairments. They recommend using a contrast ratio of at least 4.5:1 for regular text and 3:1 for larger text. If you want to meet WCAG 2.1 Level AAA, which is the highest level of accessibility, you’ll need a contrast ratio of 7:1 between your text and background.

And remember, don’t rely on color alone to convey important information—always use other ways to ensure your content is accessible to everyone.

Size

WCAG does not have a specific minimum font size, but they do suggest that your text should be resizable up to 200% without losing content or functionality. This means your text should still be readable, and your layout should still work when someone zooms in. For instance, if your website text is 16px, users should be able to resize it to 32px without breaking the page layout.

This is especially important for people with visual impairments who may need to enlarge text to read it comfortably.

Text with Graphics

Some web designers use text within images instead of regular text blocks, but this can be a problem for accessibility. Regular text can be easily adjusted in size, spacing, and color to keep it readable. On the other hand, text in images doesn’t adapt well. It can get pixelated and hard to read when you zoom in, which is a big issue for people with visual disabilities.

According to WCAG 1.4.5, you should be using text instead of images of text whenever possible. For example, instead of putting text on a banner image, create a text element directly on your website. This way, screen readers can read the text, and users can adjust its size as needed.

How to Choose an Accessible Font Family

If you want to make your text easier to read, here are some tips to help with accessibility:
- Pick Simple and Clear Fonts: Use fonts that are easy to read and familiar. Steer clear of fancy scripts or handwriting styles.
- Avoid Confusing Characters: Choose fonts where letters and numbers are distinct. You don’t want “O” and “0” or “l” and “I” to look too similar.
- Limit Font Variations: Stick to one, two, or at most three different fonts. Too many variations can be overwhelming.
- Consider Spacing: Make sure there’s plenty of space around your text. Avoid making text too close together or overlapping.
- Check Color Contrast: Use tools like the WCAG Contrast Checker to verify that your text color stands out well against the background. Good contrast helps make reading easier.
- Avoid Tiny Text and Crowded Blocks: Don’t use very small font sizes or cram too much text into one space. It can be hard to read if the text is too small or packed too closely.
Examples of Accessible Fonts

Choosing the right font for your website and other digital projects can make a big difference. While there are many unique fonts out there, the most familiar ones are popular for good reasons. They are often the easiest to read and recognize.

Here are a few fonts known for their accessibility:
- Arial: This font is easy to read because it has wide letter spacing, clear distinctions between similar letters, and a high x-height (the height of lowercase letters). Arial works well with assistive technologies and screen magnifiers.
- Verdana: Like Arial, Verdana is designed for readability. It has a large x-height, bold outlines, and wide spacing between characters, making it clear and accessible for both people and assistive tech.
- Helvetica: Known for its bold outlines and generous character spacing, Helvetica is another great choice for accessibility. Its design helps people with visual impairments read more easily and is compatible with various assistive technologies.
- Times New Roman: This classic font is widely used because of its simple and clear design. It’s easy to read and understand, making it a reliable choice for many types of content.
- Tahoma: Tahoma is similar to Times New Roman but with a modern twist. Its clean design and good character spacing make it quick and easy to read.
Remember, there’s no one-size-fits-all answer when it comes to the most accessible font. It’s important to consider the specific needs of your audience when choosing a font.

Key Takeaways

Whether you’re designing infographics, videos, slideshows, or blog posts, choosing an accessible font is a simple yet powerful way to make your content more accessible. By following WCAG guidelines and selecting fonts that prioritize readability and legibility, you can create a more inclusive and user-friendly experience for all visitors. Remember, accessibility benefits everyone, and taking these steps can make a significant difference.

So, next time you’re designing a website or creating digital content, keep these tips in mind. Your audience will thank you, and you’ll be contributing to a more accessible and inclusive web.

Happy designing!
Greg McNeil

August 1, 2024

How-to Guides

Accessible Design, accessible fonts, Fonts, Web Accessibility, Web Accessible Design, Website Accessibility
Screen Readers 101: Making Your Site Accessible
In today’s digital age, making your website accessible to everyone is more important than ever. One critical aspect of digital accessibility is ensuring that your site is compatible with screen readers. But what exactly are screen readers, and why is it so important to make sure your website works well with them? In this blog post, we’ll dive into what screen readers are, who uses them, how they browse the Internet, and how you can test your website to ensure it’s screen reader-friendly.

What are Screen Readers and Who Uses Them?

Let’s start with the basics. A screen reader is a piece of software that reads aloud the text displayed on a computer or mobile device screen. It’s a vital tool for people who are blind or have severe visual impairments. However, screen readers are also used by individuals with other disabilities, such as those with learning disabilities or certain cognitive impairments, who may find it easier to listen to content rather than read it.

So, who exactly uses screen readers? The answer is billions of people around the world. In the United States alone, there are an estimated 12 million people over 40 with a visual disability. For these individuals, screen readers are essential for accessing the Internet, working, and communicating. Without screen readers, many websites would be entirely inaccessible to them.

How Do Screen Reader Users Browse the Internet?

Browsing the Internet with a screen reader is a completely different experience than browsing with sight. For starters, screen reader users don’t navigate web pages visually—they rely on audio cues and keyboard commands to get around.

Here’s a simplified version of how it works:
1. Screen Reader Starts Reading: When a screen reader user opens a webpage, the screen reader begins reading the content from top to bottom. It reads out the text, describes images (if alt text is provided), and announces the presence of links, buttons, and other interactive elements.
2. Keyboard Navigation: Instead of using a mouse, screen reader users navigate through the website using keyboard commands. They might use the Tab key to move between links, headings, and form fields, or shortcuts to jump to specific sections of the page, such as the main content or a list of links.
3. Listening for Context: Screen reader users often listen to the content at a much faster speed than normal. They also rely heavily on headings, landmarks, and other structural elements to understand the layout and flow of the page. For example, a user might jump from heading to heading to quickly scan the page and find the information they need.
4. Interacting with Elements: When a user encounters a form field, button, or link, the screen reader announces what it is and sometimes gives instructions on how to interact with it. For example, if there’s a “Submit” button, the screen reader might say, “Button: Submit. Press Enter to activate.”
For screen reader users, a well-structured, accessible website is key to having a smooth and efficient browsing experience. But if a website is not properly optimized for screen readers, it can become frustrating, confusing, or even impossible to use.

Why is Screen Reader Testing Important?

Now that you have a basic understanding of what screen readers are and how they’re used, let’s talk about why testing your website for screen reader compatibility is so important.

Ensuring Digital Accessibility

First and foremost, screen reader testing is crucial for ensuring digital accessibility. As a website owner, developer, or content creator, it’s your responsibility to make sure that your website is accessible to everyone, including people with disabilities. Screen reader testing helps you identify and fix issues that could prevent people who rely on these tools from accessing your content.

Complying with Legal Requirements

In the United States, websites are required by law to be accessible to people with disabilities. The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) Title II and Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act are two key laws that apply to web accessibility. If your website is not accessible, you could be at risk of legal action, which could result in costly fines and damage to your reputation. By performing screen reader testing, you can ensure that your website complies with these laws.

Improving User Experience

Accessibility isn’t just about legal compliance—it’s also about providing a better user experience for everyone. When your website is accessible to screen reader users, it’s also likely to be more user-friendly for other visitors. For example, clear headings, logical page structure, and well-labeled buttons benefit all users, not just those with disabilities.

Reaching a Wider Audience

By making your website accessible to screen reader users, you’re opening it up to a wider audience. This can lead to more traffic, better SEO, and ultimately, more success for your business. Accessibility should be seen as an investment in your website’s future, not just a legal obligation.

What Are the Different Approaches to Accessibility Testing?

There are several different approaches to accessibility testing, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. To ensure that your website is fully accessible, it’s important to use a combination of these methods.

Automated Testing

Automated testing tools can scan your website for common accessibility issues, such as missing alt text, insufficient color contrast, and incorrect HTML structure. These tools are fast and can cover a lot of ground in a short amount of time. However, they can’t catch every issue—especially those related to screen reader compatibility.

Some popular automated accessibility testing tools include:
- WAVE: A web accessibility evaluation tool that highlights accessibility issues directly on your webpage.
- Lighthouse: A tool built into Chrome that can audit your website for performance, SEO, and accessibility issues.
While automated testing is a great starting point, it should never be the only method you use. Automated testing covers only 30-40% of accessibility guidelines and can miss more subtle or complex problems that require human judgment.

Manual Testing

Manual testing involves a human tester navigating your website and checking for accessibility issues. This approach is essential for catching issues that automated tools might miss, such as how well your website works with a screen reader. Manual testing can be more time-consuming and requires a deeper understanding of web accessibility, but it provides a more accurate picture of your website’s accessibility.

During manual testing, you should:
- Check Keyboard Navigation: Ensure that all interactive elements, such as links, buttons, and form fields, can be accessed and activated using only the keyboard.
- Test with a Screen Reader: Use a screen reader to navigate your website and listen to how the content is announced. Pay attention to whether the screen reader correctly identifies headings, lists, buttons, and other elements.
User Testing

User testing involves real users with disabilities testing your website and providing feedback on their experience. This is the most effective way to identify and fix accessibility issues, as it provides insight into how your website works in the real world.

To conduct user testing:
- Recruit Testers: Find users who rely on screen readers and other assistive technologies to test your website. You can reach out to local organizations, online communities, or professional networks to find willing participants.
- Observe and Take Notes: Watch how the testers interact with your website and take note of any issues they encounter. Pay attention to their feedback and use it to make improvements.
- Iterate and Improve: After making changes based on user feedback, test again to ensure that the issues have been resolved.
User testing can be more expensive and time-consuming than other methods, but it provides the most valuable insights.

Not sure what form of accessibility testing is right for you? Check out our article, Choosing the Right Accessibility Audit for Your Goals, for more information.

How to Perform Screen Reader Testing

Screen reader testing is a crucial part of manual and user testing. Here’s a step-by-step guide to performing screen reader testing on your website.

Choose Your Screen Readers

There are several different screen readers available, each with its own unique features and quirks. The most commonly used screen readers in the United States are:
- NVDA (NonVisual Desktop Access): A free and open-source screen reader for Windows.
- JAWS (Job Access With Speech): A popular screen reader for Windows, often used in workplaces.
- VoiceOver: The built-in screen reader for MacOS and iOS devices.
- TalkBack: The built-in screen reader for Android devices.
To ensure that your website is accessible to the widest audience possible, it’s important to test with more than one screen reader.

Familiarize Yourself with Screen Reader Commands

Screen readers are controlled through a series of keyboard commands. Before you start testing, take some time to familiarize yourself with the basic commands for the screen reader you’re using. Most screen readers have a “practice mode” where you can learn and try out different commands.

For example, in NVDA, you can press Ctrl + Alt + N to start the screen reader, use the Tab key to move through links and buttons, and press H to jump between headings.

Navigate Your Website

Start by opening your website with the screen reader turned on. Listen to how the screen reader announces the content, and use keyboard commands to navigate through the site. Pay attention to the following:
- Headings: Are they announced correctly? Do they provide a clear structure for the page?
- Links and Buttons: Are they labeled correctly? Do they make sense out of context?
- Forms: Are the form fields and labels announced clearly? Is it easy to fill out the form using only the keyboard?
Identify and Fix Issues

As you navigate your website, take note of any issues you encounter. For example, if the screen reader doesn’t announce a button’s label, it may be missing an aria-label attribute. If a heading is skipped, it might be due to incorrect HTML markup.

Once you’ve identified the issues, go back and fix them in your website’s code. Then, test again to ensure that the problem has been resolved.

Test on Different Devices

Screen reader behavior can vary depending on the device and browser being used. After testing on your primary device, try testing on different devices and browsers to ensure a consistent experience for all users.

Conclusion

In today’s world, making your website accessible to everyone isn’t just a nice-to-have—it’s a must-do. Ensuring your site works smoothly with screen readers is a big part of that. By taking the time to test and optimize your website for screen readers, you’re not only complying with legal requirements but also creating a better experience for all users. Plus, you’re opening the doors to a wider audience, which is always good for business.

If you’re ready to take the next step in making your website truly accessible, why not schedule a complimentary ADA Strategy Briefing with 216digital? We’re here to help you navigate the ins and outs of digital accessibility and ensure your site is welcoming to everyone. Let’s make the web a better place, one website at a time.
Greg McNeil

July 31, 2024

WCAG Compliance

assistive technology, digital accessibility, screen readers, Web Accessibility, web development, Website Accessibility
Why Use an Outside Firm for Accessibility Remediation
In the digital age, web accessibility is more than just a compliance checkbox—it’s a commitment to inclusivity and a critical aspect of your website’s user experience. However, ensuring your website is accessible can be complex and time-consuming, requiring specialized knowledge and skills. This is where an outside firm for accessibility remediation becomes invaluable. Let’s explore why partnering with an experienced firm like 216digital can be a game-changer for your business.

Expertise and Knowledge

Accessibility remediation is not a one-size-fits-all solution. It demands a deep understanding of the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG), the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), and other relevant standards and regulations. An outside firm brings a wealth of expertise to the table, ensuring that every aspect of your website meets the required accessibility standards.

Professionals in accessibility firms stay current with the latest updates and changes in guidelines and regulations. This continuous learning is crucial because web accessibility is an evolving field. For instance, WCAG 2.1 introduced new criteria that were not present in WCAG 2.0. Keeping up with these changes requires a dedicated team that is always on top of industry developments.

Comprehensive Testing

Effective accessibility remediation goes beyond automated tools. While these tools are useful for identifying obvious issues, they often miss more nuanced problems that can significantly impact users with disabilities. An outside firm utilizes a combination of automated tools and manual testing to ensure thorough coverage.

Manual testing is essential for evaluating how real users with disabilities interact with your website. This includes testing with screen readers, keyboard navigation, and other assistive technologies. Experienced accessibility professionals can identify and fix issues that automated tools might overlook, ensuring a truly accessible user experience.

Making Judgment Calls

Accessibility is not always black and white. There are situations where judgment calls are necessary to balance design, functionality, and accessibility. Professionals with experience in accessibility remediation can make informed decisions about how to address complex issues.

For example, consider a data table that is essential for conveying information but difficult to navigate with a screen reader. An expert can determine the best approach to make the table accessible without compromising its functionality or usability. These judgment calls require a deep understanding of both accessibility principles and user experience design.

Up-to-date with Current Guidelines and Regulations

Web accessibility guidelines and regulations are constantly evolving. An outside firm specializing in accessibility remediation ensures that your website is not only compliant with current standards but also prepared for future changes.

For instance, the European Accessibility Act (EAA) mandates that websites and mobile applications of certain businesses must be accessible by 2025. Staying ahead of such regulations can save your business from potential legal issues and ensure a smoother transition to compliance.

Efficiency and Focus

Partnering with an outside firm allows your internal team to focus on core business activities. Accessibility remediation can be a time-consuming process, especially for teams that lack specialized knowledge. By outsourcing this task, you can ensure it is handled efficiently and effectively without diverting your team’s attention from other important projects.

Considering 216digital as a Partner

When choosing an outside firm for accessibility remediation, it’s crucial to select a partner with a proven track record of success. 216digital stands out as an excellent choice for several reasons:
- Proven Expertise: With years of experience in web accessibility, 216digital has a deep understanding of the challenges and solutions involved in making websites accessible.
- Comprehensive Services: We offer a full range of services, from initial audits to ongoing maintenance, ensuring your website remains accessible over time.
- Client-Centric Approach: Working closely with our clients, we understand their unique needs and provide tailored solutions that meet both accessibility standards and business goals.
- Up-to-date Knowledge: 216digital stays current with the latest accessibility guidelines and regulations, ensuring your website is compliant now and in the future.
Wrapping Up

Web accessibility is essential for creating an inclusive online environment and avoiding potential legal pitfalls. While it might be tempting to handle accessibility remediation in-house, the benefits of partnering with an outside firm like 216digital are clear. Our expertise, comprehensive testing, ability to make informed judgment calls and up-to-date knowledge of current guidelines and regulations can transform your website into an accessible and user-friendly platform.

Investing in accessibility is not just about compliance; it’s about demonstrating a commitment to all your users and enhancing the overall user experience. By choosing an experienced partner for accessibility remediation, you can ensure your website meets the highest standards of accessibility and remains a valuable asset for all visitors.

Ready to get started? Contact us today to schedule a complementary ADA Strategy Briefing so that you can confidently take this next step into digital accessibility.
Greg McNeil

July 30, 2024

Testing & Remediation

Accessibility, Accessibility Remediation, Web Accessibility Remediation, Web Accessibility Solution, Website Accessibility, Website Accessibility Tools
Unlocking the Power of Web Accessibility: Boost Your ROI
Hey there, website owners and content creators! Let’s talk about something that’s important for your website but often gets overlooked: web accessibility. You might wonder why you should care about it or what’s in it for you. Well, we’re here to tell you that making your website accessible is not just a nice thing to do—it’s also a smart business move with great return on investment (ROI).

The Benefits of Web Accessibility

First things first, what is web accessibility? Simply put, it means making your website usable for everyone, including people with disabilities. This can involve adding captions to videos for the hearing impaired, ensuring your site can be navigated with a keyboard for those who can’t use a mouse, and much more.

Here are some fantastic benefits of web accessibility:
1. Reach a Larger Audience: Around 16% of the world’s population has some form of disability. In the United States, that’s millions of potential visitors. By making your website accessible, you open the door to a whole new audience.
2. Improved SEO: Search engines love accessible websites. Features that make your site easier for people to use, like alt text for images and clear headings, also help search engines understand and rank your content better.
3. Better User Experience: An accessible website is easier for everyone to use, not just people with disabilities. Clear navigation, readable text, and fast load times make for a smoother, more enjoyable experience.
4. Legal Compliance: In the US, there are laws and regulations like the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) that require websites to be accessible. Avoiding legal trouble is always a good idea!
5. Positive Brand Image: Showing that you care about all your users can boost your brand’s reputation. People appreciate companies that are inclusive and socially responsible.
Calculating Your ROI on Web Accessibility

So, how do you figure out if investing in web accessibility is worth it? Let’s break it down:
1. Determine Your Costs: Start by figuring out how much you’ll spend on making your website accessible. This can include hiring an accessibility expert, buying software tools, and training your team. Let’s say you spend $10,000 on these improvements.
2. Estimate Your Returns: Next, think about the benefits you’ll gain. These might include increased traffic from people with disabilities, better SEO rankings leading to more organic traffic, and avoiding legal fines. If these changes bring in an additional $20,000 in revenue, your return is $20,000.
3. Calculate Your ROI: The formula for ROI is (Returns – Costs) / Costs * 100. In our example, it’s ($20,000 – $10,000) / $10,000 * 100, which equals 100%. That’s a 100% return on your investment!
Remember, these numbers are just examples. Your actual costs and returns will vary, but the key idea is that investing in web accessibility can bring in more money than you spend.

Being Proactive Pays Off

Now, let’s talk about why being proactive with web accessibility offers an incredible ROI.
1. Stay Ahead of the Curve: Many businesses wait until they face a legal challenge or public backlash to make their websites accessible. By being proactive, you can avoid these issues and stay ahead of your competition.
2. Long-Term Savings: Fixing accessibility issues early is often cheaper than doing a major overhaul later. Think of it like maintaining your car. Regular maintenance is less costly than a major repair down the road.
3. Continuous Improvement: When you make accessibility a priority, you’re always improving your site. This keeps it up-to-date and user-friendly, which means visitors are more likely to stick around and come back.
4. Enhanced Customer Loyalty: When users know they can rely on your website to be accessible, they’re more likely to become repeat visitors and loyal customers. This can lead to increased sales and a stronger, more loyal customer base.
Steps to Get Started with Web Accessibility

Feeling convinced? Great! Here are some steps to help you get started:
1. Conduct an Accessibility Audit: Start by checking how accessible your current website is. There are tools and experts who can help with this.
2. Set Clear Goals: Decide what you want to achieve with your accessibility improvements. This could be a certain level of compliance, better user experience, or higher SEO rankings.
3. Make a Plan: Outline the steps you need to take to reach your goals. This might include updating your website’s code, adding accessibility features, and training your team.
4. Implement Changes: Start making the necessary changes. It’s okay to start small and make improvements gradually.
5. Test and Iterate: Regularly test your website to ensure it remains accessible. Make adjustments as needed to keep up with new standards and technologies.
Web Accessibility:A Win-Win Investment

Investing in web accessibility is a win-win for everyone. It not only helps people with disabilities but also enhances your website’s performance and elevates your brand’s image. The return on investment can be incredibly rewarding. By prioritizing accessibility, you’re positioning your website for long-term success.

Ready to take the next step? Schedule a complimentary ADA strategy briefing with 216digital today. Let’s work together to make your website accessible and ensure that your investment pays off!
Greg McNeil

July 29, 2024

The Benefits of Web Accessibility

Benefits of Web Accessibility, ROI, Web Accessibility, Website Accessibility
How Long Does It Take to Make Your Website Accessible?
In today’s digital age, having an accessible website is not just a nice-to-have—it’s essential. Whether you’re running a small business or managing a large enterprise, ensuring your website is accessible to everyone, including those with visual impairments, is crucial. But just how long does it take to make your website accessible, and what steps should you take? Let’s dive into the process and explore the differences between various approaches to web accessibility.

The Journey to Web Accessibility: A Long Road?

Making a website fully accessible often seems like a daunting and lengthy process. You might have heard about the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.1 AA standards, which provide a comprehensive framework for web accessibility. These guidelines cover a wide range of accessibility features and can seem overwhelming to tackle all at once.

What is WCAG 2.1 AA?

WCAG 2.1 AA is a set of guidelines created by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) to ensure that websites are accessible to people with disabilities. These standards include recommendations for making content perceivable, operable, understandable, and robust. To be WCAG 2.1 AA compliant, a website must meet specific criteria in these areas.

The process of making your site fully conformant can be complex. It involves:
1. Auditing Your Site: This means reviewing your website to identify all accessibility issues.
2. Fixing Issues: After identifying problems, developers need to resolve them, which can involve code changes, redesigns, and adjustments to content.
3. Testing: Ensuring that the fixes are working as intended and that the website remains functional and user-friendly.
4. Ongoing Maintenance: Accessibility is not a one-time fix; continuous updates and audits are necessary to keep up with new content and technologies.
Depending on the size and complexity of your website, this comprehensive process could take several months. It’s a detailed approach aimed at achieving full compliance, but it may not be the most efficient route for every business.

The Focused Approach: Quick Fixes for High-Risk Issues

Not every website needs to go through a full WCAG 2.1 AA conformance process right away. For many businesses, focusing on specific, high-risk accessibility issues can provide significant benefits with a much shorter timeline.

High-Risk Accessibility Issues

Certain accessibility problems are more likely to lead to legal action or complaints. By addressing these critical issues first, you can reduce the risk of Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) lawsuits and significantly improve the user experience for those with visual impairments. Companies like 216digital offer a focused approach to accessibility, where they tackle these high-risk areas in a matter of days—often within a week.

Benefits of a Focused Approach
1. Speed: You can quickly address the most critical issues, reducing your legal risks and improving accessibility in a short timeframe.
2. Cost-Effective: Targeting specific issues can be less expensive than a full overhaul, especially if you’re on a tight budget.
3. Immediate Impact: High-impact fixes can make a noticeable difference in user experience right away.
For many businesses, starting with a focused approach provides a practical solution and a strong foundation for further accessibility improvements over time.

Consulting Firms: Audit Reports vs. In-House Fixes

When choosing a firm to help with web accessibility, you’ll often encounter two types of services:
1. Audit-Only Firms: These companies provide a detailed report of accessibility issues but do not fix them. The responsibility for implementing changes falls on your shoulders.
2. Full-Service Firms: These firms, like 216digital, not only identify accessibility issues but also handle the fixes in-house.
Audit-Only Firms

Audit-only firms give you a comprehensive overview of what’s wrong with your website but leave the fixing to you. This approach has some downsides:
- Implementation Delays: Without a dedicated team to make changes, it can take time to address the issues yourself or through another developer.
- Additional Costs: You’ll likely need to hire another service to implement the changes, which can lead to increased costs and extended timelines.
- Unclear Prioritization: The report might highlight many issues without prioritizing them, making it harder to know where to start.
Full-Service Firms

On the other hand, full-service firms provide a more integrated solution:
- End-to-End Service: They handle both the audit and the fixes, streamlining the process and ensuring that accessibility issues are resolved efficiently.
- Faster Turnaround: With an in-house team managing everything, changes are made more quickly, often within a week or two.
- Expertise: These firms have specialized knowledge and experience, which can lead to higher quality and more effective fixes.
Choosing a full-service firm like 216digital can save you time, reduce stress, and provide peace of mind knowing that your accessibility needs are being handled by experts.

The Realities of Web Accessibility

Making your website accessible is not just about compliance; it’s about creating a better experience for all users. Here’s why investing in web accessibility is worthwhile:
1. Legal Protection: By addressing key accessibility issues, you minimize the risk of legal action related to ADA compliance.
2. Wider Audience: Accessible websites reach a broader audience, including individuals with disabilities who might otherwise be excluded.
3. Improved User Experience: Many accessibility features, such as clear navigation and text alternatives, also benefit users without disabilities.
A Practical Timeline

To sum up, if you’re looking to address high-risk accessibility issues quickly, focusing on these areas can be done in as little as a week with the right team. For a full WCAG 2.1 AA conformance, the process is more involved and can take several months. Choosing between an audit-only firm and a full-service firm can significantly impact your timeline and overall experience.

If you’re concerned about web accessibility for your website and want to get started quickly, consider working with a firm like 216digital. Our expertise and focused approach can help you address critical issues fast, giving you a solid start toward a more accessible website. Contact us today to schedule a complementary ADA Strategy Briefing so that you can confidently take this next step into digital accessibility.

Remember, web accessibility is an ongoing journey, not a one-time project. Investing in accessibility is investing in a better, more inclusive web experience for everyone.

By understanding the different approaches to web accessibility and the timelines involved, you can make informed decisions that align with your business needs and goals. Whether you opt for a focused fix or a full WCAG 2.1 AA compliance, taking steps toward a more accessible website will benefit both your users and your business.
Greg McNeil

July 26, 2024

Testing & Remediation

Accessibility, Accessibility Remediation, ADA Compliance, digital accessibility, Web Accessibility Remediation, Website Accessibility
Why is Web Accessibility Training Important?

So, you’ve engaged with a web remediation specialist and improved your website’s digital inclusivity. What’s next? To avoid moving backward and introducing new accessibility barriers, your team should attend an accessibility training session. Let’s discuss why digital accessibility and accessibility training are so important and how they can benefit not only your users but also your business.

What is Digital Accessibility?

Digital accessibility refers to making websites, applications, and other digital content usable by everyone, including people with disabilities. A wide range of disabilities may impact user experience, including visual, auditory, physical, speech, cognitive, and neurological disabilities. By ensuring that your digital content is accessible, you’re making it possible for all users to navigate, understand, and interact with your website.

Why Does Web Accessibility Matter?

Inclusivity and Equality

At its core, digital accessibility is about inclusivity and equality. The internet should be a place where everyone can participate, regardless of their abilities. By making your website accessible, you’re promoting equal access to information and services for all users.

Legal Requirements

The United States has legal requirements to ensure websites are accessible. The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act are two critical pieces of legislation that mandate accessibility. Failing to comply with these laws can result in legal action, fines, and damage to your reputation.

Business Benefits

Accessible websites can reach a larger audience. According to the World Health Organization, over one billion people, or about 16% of the world’s population, have some form of disability. By making your website accessible, you’re doing the right thing and tapping into a significant market. Additionally, accessible websites tend to have better SEO, which can lead to higher search engine rankings and increased traffic.

Enhanced User Experience

Accessibility features often improve everyone’s overall user experience. For example, captions on videos can benefit users in noisy environments, and clear, simple navigation can help users find information more quickly.

What is Accessibility Training?

Although many web platforms strive to build accessibility into their products, it is still essential for anyone who modifies the site to pursue training on how to avoid introducing accessibility barriers. This training covers a wide range of topics, from understanding the needs of people with disabilities to implementing specific accessibility features on a website.

The Importance of Accessibility Training

Understanding User Needs

Accessibility training helps you understand the diverse needs of your users. By learning about the different types of disabilities and how they affect how people interact with digital content, you can create more inclusive websites.

Staying Up-to-Date with Best Practices

The field of digital accessibility is constantly evolving. New technologies and standards are continually being developed to improve accessibility. Accessibility training ensures you stay up-to-date with the latest best practices and guidelines.

Improving Technical Skills

Accessibility training can enhance your technical skills as a developer. You’ll learn to implement accessibility features, such as alt text for images, keyboard navigation, and screen reader compatibility. These skills enhance your website and make you a more versatile and valuable developer.

Avoiding Legal Issues

As mentioned earlier, there are legal requirements for web accessibility. Accessibility training helps you understand these laws and helps avoid frivolous lawsuits. Being proactive can help you avoid legal issues, associated costs, and reputational damage.

Critical Components of Accessibility Training

Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG)

The WCAG is a set of guidelines developed by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) to ensure accessible web content to people with disabilities. Accessibility training covers these guidelines, including the four principles of accessibility: Perceivable, Operable, Understandable, and Robust (POUR).

Assistive Technologies

Training includes information on various assistive technologies, such as screen readers, braille displays, and speech recognition software. Understanding how these technologies work is crucial for creating accessible content.

Practical Implementation

Accessibility training provides practical, hands-on experience with implementing accessibility features. Common concepts include writing accessible code, providing text alternatives for graphical content, and testing your website for accessibility.

User Testing

User testing is an essential part of accessibility training. You’ll learn how to conduct accessibility audits and usability testing with people with disabilities. Through user testing, you can identify any accessibility issues and proactively remove accessibility barriers.

How to Get Started with Accessibility Training

Online Courses

216digital includes accessibility training in every web remediation project. When we evaluate your website, we have an excellent opportunity to understand your team’s specific processes and can develop tailored training that is highly targeted and easy to follow.

Professional Certifications

Earning a professional certification in accessibility can enhance your skills and credibility. Certifications such as the Certified Professional in Accessibility Core Competencies (CPACC) and the Web Accessibility Specialist (WAS) from the International Association of Accessibility Professionals (IAAP) are recognized in the industry.

Join Accessibility Communities

Joining accessibility communities can provide support and resources as you learn about digital accessibility. Websites like WebAIM (Web Accessibility In Mind) and the W3C Web Accessibility Initiative offer forums, articles, and guidelines to help you stay informed.

Hands-On Practice

The best way to learn about accessibility is through hands-on practice. Start by conducting an accessibility audit of your website and implementing the necessary changes. Use tools like the WAVE (Web Accessibility Evaluation Tool) and Google Lighthouse to test your website and identify areas for improvement.

Conclusion

Digital accessibility is not just a legal requirement but a moral obligation. By making your website accessible, you’re ensuring that everyone can access and interact with your content regardless of their abilities. Accessibility training is crucial in this process, providing you with the knowledge and skills to create inclusive digital experiences.

Investing in accessibility training benefits your users, your business, and society. It enhances the user experience, expands your audience, and helps you avoid costly litigation. As website owners, developers, and content creators, it’s our responsibility to make the web a more accessible place for everyone.

So, take the first step today. 216digital has accessibility experts on deck, ready to help with all your accessibility needs. Your users will thank you, and you’ll be contributing to a more inclusive digital world.

Greg McNeil

July 25, 2024

Web Accessibility Training

Accessibility, Accessibility Training, ADA Compliance, Web Accessibility Training, Website Accessibility, Website Accessibility Tools
Choosing the Right Web Accessibility Solution
In today’s digital age, ensuring that your website is accessible to all users, including those with disabilities, is not just a legal obligation but also a moral imperative. With the implementation of laws like the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and the European Accessibility Act (EAA), businesses must prioritize website accessibility to avoid potential legal repercussions and to foster an inclusive online environment. This guide will help you choose the right web accessibility solution for your organization, depending on your needs, goals, and budget. We will also highlight the ADA remediation services offered by 216digital, a leader in the field.

Understanding Website Accessibility and ADA Conformance

Website accessibility refers to the inclusive practice of ensuring that websites are usable by people of all abilities and disabilities. This includes making content perceivable, operable, and understandable, and robust for individuals with visual, auditory, motor, and cognitive impairments. ADA conformance means that a website meets the standards set by the ADA, which often align with the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) developed by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C).

Assessing Your Needs and Goals

Before diving into the web accessibility solutions available, it’s crucial to assess your organization’s specific needs and goals. Here are some key considerations:
1. Legal Compliance: Determine the legal requirements applicable to your business. For U.S. companies, ADA compliance is mandatory, while European companies must adhere to the EAA. Understanding these requirements will guide your accessibility efforts.
2. Audience: Consider your target audience and their potential accessibility needs. For example, if your website serves a large population of elderly users, you may need to focus more on features that improve readability and navigation.
3. Current State of Accessibility: Conduct an accessibility audit to identify existing issues. This will help you understand the scope of work required and prioritize improvements.
4. Budget: Establish a budget for accessibility improvements. Costs can vary widely depending on the complexity of your website and the extent of remediation needed.
5. Internal Expertise: Assess whether your team has the necessary skills and knowledge to implement accessibility changes or if you need external support.
Choosing the Right Web Accessibility Solution

Once you have a clear understanding of your needs and goals, you can start exploring the available solutions. Here are some tips for choosing the right web accessibility solution for your organization:

Automated Accessibility Tools

Automated audits like Lighthouse, WAVE, and Firefox Inspector are a great starting point for identifying common accessibility issues. These tools quickly show potential problems, such as missing alt text, incorrect heading structures, and broken links. They give you a report with these findings, which you can use as a starting point to make your site more accessible. Some popular automated tools include:
- Google Lighthouse: An open-source tool that provides audits for performance, accessibility, SEO, and more, generating detailed reports and actionable insights to improve website accessibility and user experience.
- WAVE (Web Accessibility Evaluation Tool): A web accessibility evaluation tool that highlights accessibility issues directly on the webpage, providing visual feedback and detailed reports to help identify and address barriers for users with disabilities.
- Firefox Inspector: A built-in tool in Firefox’s developer tools that allows users to inspect, modify, and debug HTML and CSS, including accessibility properties, helping developers ensure compliance with accessibility standards.
Pros of Automated Accessibility Tools
1. Speed: Automated tools can scan an entire website in minutes, providing a quick overview of accessibility issues.
2. Cost-Effective: These tools are generally less expensive than manual audits or professional services.
3. Convenience: useful for identifying widespread issues to ensure ongoing compliance.
Cons of Automated Accessibility Tools
1. Limited Scope: Automated tools cannot catch all accessibility issues, especially those involving user experience and context.
2. False Positives/Negatives: These tools can sometimes flag issues that aren’t actually problems or miss real issues, leading to incomplete compliance.
3. Lack of Detailed Guidance: While they provide suggestions, they often lack the detailed guidance needed to fix complex issues.
Manual Audits and User Testing

Manual audits and user testing provide a more in-depth analysis of your website’s accessibility. Accessibility experts will go through your site carefully, checking each part to make sure it follows WCAG’s guidelines. This is a detailed process where experts use different browsers and assistive tools, like screen readers or voice recognition software, to find and fix any small problems with accessibility.

Pros of Manual Audits and User Testing
1. Thoroughness: Human experts can identify complex issues that automated tools might miss.
2. Real-World Testing: User testing ensures that your site is usable for people with disabilities.
3. Detailed Reports: Manual audits provide in-depth reports and specific recommendations for improvement.
Cons Manual Audits and User Testing
1. Cost: Manual audits and user testing can be expensive, especially for large websites.
2. Time-Consuming: These processes take longer than automated scans, delaying the implementation of fixes.
3. Resource-Intensive: They require skilled professionals to coordinate with users with disabilities.
Accessibility Overlays and Plugins

Accessibility overlays and plugins offer quick fixes for improving accessibility. These solutions typically add features like screen reader compatibility, keyboard navigation, and color contrast adjustments by modifying a website’s code with a snippet of JavaScript.

Pros Accessibility Overlays and Plugins
1. Quick Implementation: Overlays can be added to your site quickly, offering an immediate boost in accessibility.
2. User Control: They often allow users to customize their experience, such as adjusting font sizes or contrast levels.
3. Cost-Effective: Generally cheaper than comprehensive manual audits or professional services.
Cons Accessibility Overlays and Plugins
1. Superficial Fixes: Overlays may not address the root causes of accessibility issues, leading to only superficial compliance.
2. User Frustration: Some users with disabilities find overlays intrusive or ineffective.
3. Potential Legal Risks: Reliance on overlays alone may not meet legal accessibility standards, potentially exposing your site to legal action.
Check out our guide on web accessibility overlays for more details on how they might make your website a target for a frivolous ADA lawsuit.

Consulting and Professional Services

For organizations seeking a thorough and sustainable approach to accessibility, consulting, and professional services are ideal. These provide customized solutions based on your specific needs, including expert guidance, comprehensive audits, remediation, and ongoing support.

Pros Consulting and Professional Services
1. Expert Guidance: Professionals bring a wealth of experience and expertise to ensure comprehensive accessibility.
2. Custom Solutions: Services are tailored to your website’s unique needs and requirements.
3. Ongoing Support: Many consulting firms offer ongoing support and training to maintain accessibility.
Cons Consulting and Professional Services
1. High Cost: Professional services are typically the most expensive option.
2. Dependency: Relying on external consultants can create dependency, potentially slowing down internal development processes.
3. Implementation Time: Custom solutions take time to develop and implement, potentially delaying compliance.
216digital’s ADA Remediation Services

When it comes to professional web accessibility solutions, 216digital stands out as a trusted provider of ADA remediation services. Here’s why 216digital is a top choice for ensuring your website meets ADA conformance:

Risk Mitigation

Through our extensive experience and collaboration with key legal players, 216digital has determined the metrics and red flags that cause companies to get hit with ADA non-compliance lawsuits. We know exactly how to take the target off of your back so that you can forget about the ambulance chasers and focus on growing your business.

Our goal through this service is to get the best possible settlement through the improvement of your automated scan results. Identifying and removing web accessibility errors detected with scanning tools and those addressed in the lawsuit. Providing an Accessibility Statement, Skip Link, and Focus Outlines as window dressing to further prevent copycats. Ensure you don’t fall victim to copycat legislation by getting your metrics below internally established risk tolerance thresholds.

Real-World Accessibility

While automated accessibility scans are functional and convenient, they only curate about 30% of issues, leaving your website exposed to a lawsuit and your customers with a poor user experience.

WCAG 2.1 Professional Audits provide insight that accessibility software can’t, which is essential to ensuring that disabled users can access your website to their fullest extent. Only through professional auditing, page-by-page click-throughs, and testing assistive technology such as screen readers and keyboard-only commands can your website reach full accessibility compliance.

Our Web Accessibility Professionals will evaluate and examine the accessibility level of your website’s UI, source code, usability, and design. Then, they will implement solutions focused on three key areas:
- Screen reader and assistive technology compatibility
- Keyboard-only navigation, operation, and orientation
- UI and design
Ongoing Support and Monitoring

Accessibility monitoring is an ongoing and proactive process that regularly checks online content for accessibility violations. Think of it as an early warning system, allowing developers and content creators to identify and fix potential barriers quickly.

216digital’s a11y. Radar is an automated tool that regularly checks your website for ADA compliance. It tracks your ongoing efforts, whether they’re done by your in-house team or an outside agency. You’ll get access to detailed dashboards and updates on any content, code, or user experience issues that might affect your website’s accessibility. Plus, our easy-to-use interface lets your team see current problems and manage any changes that need to be made.

Here are some of a11y. Radar’s key features:
- Dynamic Dashboard Display
- Compliance Scans
- Detailed Issue Reports
- Issue Tracking Over Time
- Manual Testing Reports
- Email Alerts
- Current Web Compliance Status
Conclusion

Choosing the right web accessibility solution is crucial for ensuring that your website is inclusive, usable, and conforms to legal standards. By assessing your needs, goals, and budget, you can determine the most appropriate approach, whether it’s using automated tools, conducting manual audits, implementing accessibility overlays, or partnering with professional services like 216digital.

216digital‘s ADA remediation services offer a comprehensive, customized, and user-centered solution to web accessibility. By leveraging their expertise, you can achieve ADA conformance and provide a better online experience for all users, ultimately fostering an inclusive digital environment and protecting your organization from potential legal challenges.

Investing in web accessibility is not just about compliance; it’s about creating a web that works for everyone. Take the first step today and choose the right accessibility solution for your organization.
Greg McNeil

July 23, 2024

Testing & Remediation

Accessibility Remediation, ADA Web Accessibility, digital accessibility, Web Accessibility, Web Accessibility Remediation, Web Accessibility Solution
Why Accessible Buttons Matter for Your Website
As a website owner, developer, or content creator, you’ve probably heard the term “web accessibility” tossed around. But what does it really mean, and why should you care? Specifically, how do accessible buttons fit into this equation? In today’s blog post, we’ll break down everything you need to know about web accessibility for buttons. We’ll cover why it’s essential, the guidelines you need to follow, and practical tips on creating buttons that everyone can use.

Why Web Accessibility for Buttons is Important

Let’s start with the basics: what is web accessibility? Simply put, web accessibility means designing websites and digital tools so that everyone, including people with disabilities, can use them. This includes people with visual, auditory, cognitive, and motor impairments. Accessible buttons play a huge role in this.

Think about how often you click a button online—whether you’re submitting a form, making a purchase, or navigating to another page. Now imagine trying to do those things if the buttons were hard to see, difficult to click, or didn’t make sense when read by a screen reader. For millions of people, this is a daily reality.

Creating accessible buttons isn’t just about following guidelines—it’s about ensuring that everyone can interact with your website easily and effectively. By making your buttons accessible, you’re not only improving the user experience but also reaching a wider audience, boosting your SEO, and demonstrating social responsibility.

Understanding the WCAG Guidelines for Accessible Buttons

The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) are the go-to resource when it comes to web accessibility. They provide a set of recommendations designed to make web content more accessible to people with disabilities. When it comes to buttons, there are specific guidelines to keep in mind.

Perceivable

Text Alternatives (WCAG 1.1.1)

Every button should have a text alternative that conveys the same information as the visual button. This can be done using alt text or aria-labels. This ensures that users who rely on screen readers can understand the button’s purpose.

Contrast (WCAG 1.4.3)

Buttons should be easily noticeable by all users, not just those with disabilities. Color plays a significant role in this. You’ll want to ensure that both the button color and the text have sufficient contrast. Buttons should have a high contrast ratio of at least 4.5:1 between the text and background colors to ensure they are easy to see, even for users with visual impairments.

Operable

Keyboard Accessibility (WCAG 2.1.1)

Make sure that all buttons can be accessed and activated using a keyboard. This is crucial for users who cannot use a mouse. Not all users are able to use a mouse to navigate the web which means users need to be able to navigate and click on buttons using just their keyboard.

Focus Indicators ( WCAG 2.4.13)

When a button is selected or “focused,” it should be visually distinct so users can easily see which button they’re interacting with. Button elements should be designed to give a clear visual cue to the user. WCAG 2.4.13 recommends at least a 2 CSS pixel thick perimeter around the button.

Understandable

Clear Labels (WCAG 3.3.2)

When creating buttons, make sure the labels are clear and easy to understand, so that users know what will happen when they click the button. You can use WAI-ARIA (ARIA roles) to help with this. By including ARIA labels in your HTML, you can avoid confusion and anxiety around buttons and clearly communicate what action will follow when the button is clicked.

Consistent Navigation (WCAG 3.2.3)

If your website uses buttons for navigation, ensure that the buttons are consistent across pages to avoid confusion.

Robust

Screen Reader Compatibility (WCAG 4.1.2)

Did you know that buttons have different states besides their default one? This includes hover, click, active, and more. Each of these states needs to have clear cues so that users with disabilities and assistive technologies can easily use them. It’s important to make sure your buttons work on different devices and web browsers, including with tools like screen readers.

We recommend testing your content with different types of screen readers, like NVDA, Voiceover, or JAWS, to ensure that they are being announced as buttons and not links.

How to Create Accessible Buttons

Now that you understand the importance and guidelines of web accessibility for buttons, let’s explore the practical steps you can take to make them accessible.

Use Semantic HTML

One of the simplest ways to make your buttons accessible is to use the correct HTML elements. For example, use the <button> tag for buttons rather than trying to repurpose other tags like <div> or <span>. The <button> tag is designed for user interaction and is inherently more accessible because it’s recognized by assistive technologies.

Here’s a quick example:
```
<button type="submit">Submit</button>
```
This button is easy for screen readers to identify and interact with. It also works well with keyboards, making it accessible to a broader audience.

Make Sure Button Labels are Clear and Descriptive

Button labels should be straightforward and describe the action that will occur when clicked. Avoid using vague labels like “Click Here” or “More” because they don’t provide enough context. Instead, be specific. For instance, “Submit Form,” “Download Report,” or “Add to Cart” are much better options.

A clear label helps everyone, but it’s especially crucial for screen reader users. When the screen reader announces the button, the user should instantly understand what will happen if they activate it.

Provide Alt Text or ARIA Labels for Buttons

If your button uses an image or icon instead of text, you need to provide an accessible name for the button. This can be done with alt text or an aria-label. This ensures that screen readers can announce the button’s function to the user.

Here’s an example:
```
<button aria-label="Search">
<img src="search-icon.png" alt="">
</button>
```
In this case, the aria-label tells the screen reader that this is a search button, even though the button itself only displays an image.

Ensure High Contrast for Better Visibility

High contrast between the button text and background is essential for users with visual impairments, including color blindness. WCAG recommends a contrast ratio of at least 4.5:1 for normal text and 3:1 for large text.

For example, if your button has white text on a blue background, make sure the shade of blue is dark enough to provide sufficient contrast.

Test Keyboard Accessibility

Many users rely on a keyboard rather than a mouse to navigate a website. Ensure that all buttons can be accessed using the Tab key and activated with the Enter or Space key.

To test this, try navigating your site using only the keyboard. If you can’t reach or activate a button, you’ll need to adjust your code to make it keyboard accessible.

The Role of Button Labels in Web Accessibility

Button labels are crucial in web accessibility. They guide users on what to do next and are particularly important for those using screen readers or other assistive technologies. Here’s how to get button labels right:

Write Alt Text as Simple Sentences

If your button includes an image or icon, write alt text that clearly and succinctly describes the button’s action. Alt text should be simple, direct, and written as a complete sentence whenever possible.

For example:
```
<button aria-label= "Download report">
<img src="download-icon.png" alt="Download report">
</button>
```
This alt text tells the user exactly what the button does. Avoid overly complex or vague descriptions, as they can confuse users.

Avoid Repeat or Redundant Button Labels

On some websites, you might find multiple buttons with the same label, like several “Learn More” buttons on a single page. This can be confusing for users who rely on screen readers, as they won’t know which “Learn More” button corresponds to which section of content.

To avoid this, make sure each button label is unique and descriptive. If you have several buttons that perform similar actions, differentiate them by adding context. For example:
- “Learn More About Our Services”
- “Learn More About Our Products”
- “Learn More About Our Team”
Testing and Maintaining Accessible Buttons

Once you’ve created accessible buttons, it’s important to test them regularly to ensure they work as expected. Here are some ways to test your buttons:

Screen Reader Testing

Use a screen reader like NVDA (Windows), Voiceover (Mac), or JAWS to navigate your website. Ensure that each button is announced correctly and that its purpose is clear.

Keyboard Navigation

Test your site using only a keyboard to make sure that all buttons are accessible and functional. Check that the focus state is visible and that buttons can be activated with the Enter or Space key.

Color Contrast Testing

Use tools like the WCAG Contrast Checker to verify that your button colors meet accessibility standards.

Ongoing Maintenance

Web accessibility is not a one-time task. As you add new content and features to your website, make sure that any new buttons meet accessibility guidelines. Regularly audit your site to catch and fix any issues.

216digital’s a11y.Radar ADA Monitoring

With 216digital’s a11y.Radar, maintaining an ADA-compliant website is easier than ever. This automated platform continuously audits your site, reporting on accessibility efforts by your team or an external agency. You’ll get real-time updates on potential issues, access to an intuitive dashboard, and tools to manage and resolve problems.

Key Features:
- Dynamic Dashboard
- Compliance Scans
- Detailed Issue Reports
- Issues Over Time Tracking
- Manual Testing Reports
- Email Alerts
- Current Compliance Status
Schedule a complimentary ADA Strategy Briefing to speak with one of our accessibility experts about a11y.Radar ADA Monitoring today.

Button Up for Web Accessibility

Web accessibility is essential for creating an inclusive online experience, and accessible buttons are a crucial part of that equation. By following the WCAG guidelines, using clear and descriptive labels, and testing your buttons for accessibility, you can ensure that your website is usable by everyone.

Remember, accessible buttons not only help users with disabilities—they improve the overall user experience for everyone. As a website owner, developer, or content creator, making your buttons accessible is a simple yet powerful way to make your site more inclusive and effective.

So, the next time you add a button to your website, take a moment to consider its accessibility. It’s a small effort that can make a big difference.
Greg McNeil

July 23, 2024

How-to Guides

Accessibility, Accessible Buttons, ADA Compliance, ADA Website Compliance, web development, Website Accessibility
The European Accessibility Act: How to Prepare
In an increasingly digital world, accessibility is more than just a buzzword—it is necessary. The European Accessibility Act (EAA) is a transformative piece of legislation that will significantly impact businesses and organizations across the European Union. Understanding what the EAA entails and taking proactive steps to comply can ensure legal compliance, expand your audience, and improve the user experience.

What is the European Accessibility Act (EAA)?

The European Accessibility Act, adopted in 2019, aims to improve the functioning of the internal market for accessible products and services by removing barriers created by divergent rules in Member States. This directive focuses on enhancing accessibility for people with disabilities, ensuring they have equal access to products and services, particularly in the digital domain.

The EAA applies to various sectors, including:
- Computers and operating systems
- ATMs, ticket kiosks, and check-in terminals
- Smartphones
- Digital TV equipment and related accessories
- Telecommunication services and equipment
- Access to audio-visual media, including TV broadcasts and related consumer devices
- Transportation services for air, bus, rail, and maritime travel
- Banking services
- E-books
- Online shopping and e-commerce
The deadline for compliance is June 28, 2025, giving organizations a clear timeframe to adapt their products and services to meet these new standards. Non-compliance can lead to significant penalties, and more importantly, it may alienate a substantial portion of the market.

Preparing for the EAA: Steps to Increase Digital Accessibility

Preparing for the EAA involves thoroughly understanding the requirements and taking systematic steps to ensure your organization is compliant. Here are essential steps to help you prepare:

1. Understand the Specific Requirements for the EAA

The first step towards compliance is to understand the specific requirements of the EAA fully. Begin by …
- Reviewing the text of the legislation to understand the general and specific obligations.
- Identify which products and services your organization offers fall under the scope of the EAA.
- Consult legal experts or accessibility consultants to interpret the requirements for your specific case.
2.Conduct an Accessibility Audit

An accessibility audit comprehensively evaluates your digital products and services to identify areas not meeting accessibility standards. This audit should cover:
- Websites and web applications
- Mobile apps
- Electronic documents (e.g., PDFs, e-books)
- Software and hardware interfaces
The audit should be conducted by professionals well-versed in the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.1, as these guidelines form the basis for many of the EAA’s requirements.

3.Develop an EAA Accessibility Strategy

Based on the audit findings, develop a clear and actionable accessibility strategy. This strategy should include:
- Setting Goals: Define specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound (SMART) goals for accessibility improvements.
- Allocating Resources: Determine the budget, personnel, and tools required to implement accessibility improvements.
- Creating a Timeline: Establish a timeline for achieving compliance, with milestones to track progress.
4.Implement Accessibility Improvements

With a strategy in place, begin implementing the necessary changes. Key areas to focus on include:
- Web and Mobile Accessibility: Ensure your websites and mobile apps comply with WCAG 2.1 AA standards. This includes providing text alternatives for non-text content, making content easily navigable, and making all functionalities available via keyboard.
- Document Accessibility: Make sure electronic documents, such as PDFs and e-books, are accessible. This involves proper formatting, including headings, lists, and tables, and ensuring screen readers can interpret the content correctly.
- Software and Hardware Interfaces: Ensure that software interfaces are navigable and operable by people with disabilities. This might involve providing tactile indicators, voice control, or other assistive features for hardware.
5.Train Your Team on the EAA

Accessibility is not a one-time project but an ongoing commitment. Train your team on accessibility best practices to ensure that accessibility is integrated into your organizational culture. This training should cover:
- Designers and Developers: Training on how to create accessible user interfaces and code.
- Content Creators: Guidance on writing accessible content and using accessible formats.
- Customer Service Staff: Educating on how to assist customers with disabilities.
6.Engage with Users with Disabilities

User testing is a critical component of accessibility. Engage with users with disabilities to test your products and services. Their feedback will provide invaluable insights into real-world accessibility issues and help you make necessary adjustments.

7.Monitor and Maintain Accessibility

Accessibility is an ongoing process. Establish procedures for regularly monitoring and maintaining accessibility standards. This includes:
- Regular Audits: Conduct regular accessibility audits to ensure continued compliance.
- User Feedback: Create channels for users to report accessibility issues and ensure these reports are addressed promptly.
- Staying Updated: Keep abreast of updates to accessibility standards and legislation to ensure ongoing compliance.
Benefits of Compliance

Complying with the EAA goes beyond avoiding legal repercussions. It offers several significant benefits:
- Wider Audience Reach: By making your products and services accessible, you open your business to a broader audience, including the estimated 135 million people with disabilities in Europe.
- Improved User Experience: Accessibility improvements often enhance the overall user experience, benefiting all users, not just those with disabilities.
- Enhanced Reputation: Demonstrating a commitment to accessibility can improve your organization’s reputation, showing that you value inclusivity and diversity.
- Competitive Advantage: Early compliance can set your organization apart from competitors who may delay or neglect these essential improvements.
Conclusion

The European Accessibility Act is a landmark step towards a more inclusive digital world. By understanding the requirements and taking proactive steps to ensure compliance, organizations can avoid legal penalties, enhance their user experience, reach a broader audience, and demonstrate a commitment to inclusivity.

Schedule a briefing with 216digital today to start preparing to ensure your organization is ready for the EAA and can thrive in an increasingly accessible digital landscape.
Greg McNeil

July 22, 2024

Legal Compliance

Accessibility, digital accessibility, EAA, WCAG Compliance, Website Accessibility
What Are The Most Accessible Shopify Themes?
Hey there, Shopify store owners, developers, and content creators! If you’re reading this, having a stunning online store is critical to attracting customers. But have you ever thought about making your store accessible to everyone, including people with disabilities? In today’s digital age, digital accessibility is crucial and more than just a buzzword. It’s about ensuring everyone can enjoy your site, no matter their abilities. Let’s dive into accessible Shopify themes and why they matter.

Understanding Digital Accessibility

Digital accessibility means designing websites and digital tools so everyone, including people with disabilities, can use them. Disabilities can be visual, auditory, physical, speech, cognitive, or neurological. When your site is accessible, you’re not just following best practices but also reaching a broader audience, enhancing your SEO, and showing you care about all your visitors.

Why Accessibility Matters for Shopify Stores

Shopify is one of the best e-commerce platforms for creating beautiful online stores. But beauty isn’t everything. Accessibility matters because:
1. Inclusivity: Making your site accessible ensures everyone can use it, including those with disabilities. This increases your potential customer base.
2. Legal Compliance: In the US, websites must comply with the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). Not following these guidelines can lead to lawsuits.
3. SEO Benefits: Accessible sites are often better optimized for search engines, meaning better rankings and more traffic.
4. Better User Experience: An accessible site is usually more user-friendly, keeping customers returning.
What Makes a Shopify Theme Accessible?

So, what should you look for in an accessible Shopify theme? Here are some key features:
1. Keyboard Navigation: Users should be able to perform actions on your site using just a keyboard.
2. Screen Reader Compatibility: Your site should work well with screen readers, which helps visually impaired users navigate the web.
3. Text Alternatives: All images should have alt text so screen readers can describe them to users.
4. Color Contrast: Text should have enough contrast with the background to be easily readable.
5. Resizing Text: Users should be able to zoom and resize text without breaking your site’s layout.
6. Clear Labels and Instructions: Forms and buttons should be clearly labeled so users know what they’re for.
Top Accessible Shopify Themes Compatible with Online Store 2.0

Now, let’s get into some of the most accessible Shopify themes compatible with Online Store 2.0. These themes are designed with digital accessibility in mind, ensuring your store is usable for everyone.

Dawn

Dawn is Shopify’s flagship theme for Online Store 2.0 and is built with accessibility in mind.
- Keyboard Navigation: Dawn is fully navigable via keyboard, making it accessible for users who can’t use a mouse.
- Screen Reader Support: The theme is compatible with screen readers, ensuring visually impaired users can access all content.
- High Contrast: Dawn offers excellent contrast between text and background, which helps users with low vision.
Craft

Craft is perfect for stores with a focus on aesthetics and usability.
- Text Alternatives: Every image in Craft can have alt text, making it accessible for screen readers.
- Flexible Design: The theme’s layout adjusts well when text is resized, ensuring it remains readable.
- Clear Instructions: Forms and interactive elements in Craft are clearly labeled.
Sense

Sense is a clean and modern theme designed for ease of use and accessibility.
- High Contrast Mode: Sense offers a high-contrast color scheme, improving readability for low-vision users.
- Accessible Forms: Forms are well-labeled and easy to use, ensuring everyone can complete purchases without hassle.
- Keyboard-Friendly: Like the others, Sense is designed to work well with keyboard navigation.
Crave

Crave is a stylish theme that combines modern design with robust accessibility features.
- Responsive Design: Crave’s responsive design ensures it looks great and works well on all devices, which is crucial for accessibility.
- Alt Text: All images can have alt text, which is essential for screen reader users.
- Clear Navigation: The navigation is straightforward to use, making it accessible to everyone.
Refresh

Refresh is ideal for stores that want a clean, modern look without compromising on accessibility.
- Keyboard Navigation: The theme supports full keyboard navigation, ensuring users with disabilities can easily browse.
- High Contrast: Refresh uses high contrast in its design, improving readability.
- Screen Reader Friendly: It’s built to work seamlessly with screen readers.
Tips for Enhancing Accessibility on Your Shopify Store

Choosing an accessible theme is just the first step. Here are some additional tips to make your Shopify store even more accessible:
1. Add Alt Text to Images: Every image on your site should have alternative text. This action helps screen reader users understand what’s on your site.
2. Use Descriptive Links: Instead of “click here,” use descriptive text like “view our latest collection.”
3. Ensure Text Readability: Use large, clear fonts and high-contrast colors.
4. Test Your Site: Regularly check your site with the WAVE Web Accessibility Evaluation Tool for accessibility issues.
5. Provide Keyboard Shortcuts: Offer keyboard shortcuts for common actions to make navigation easier.
6. Accessible Forms: Make sure forms are easy to use and clearly labeled.
7. Regular Updates: Keep your site and theme updated to fix any accessibility issues.
Conclusion

Digital accessibility isn’t just about ticking a box; it’s about creating an inclusive and user-friendly experience for all your visitors. Choosing an accessible Shopify theme like Dawn, Craft, Sense, Crave, or Refresh is a great start.

Remember, an accessible site broadens your customer base, boosts your SEO, and helps you comply with legal requirements. So, take the time to invest in digital accessibility—it’s worth it!

Starting your web accessibility journey on Shopify has never been easier with 216digital by your side. Schedule a complimentary ADA Strategy Briefing with our experts to craft a tailored plan for integrating WCAG 2.1 compliance into your development roadmap. We’re here to guide you every step of the way, ensuring that your online store meets accessibility standards while you focus on growing your business.

Happy selling, and here’s to a more inclusive web!
Greg McNeil

July 18, 2024

WCAG Compliance

Accessibility, digital accessibility, Shopify, Shopify Themes, web development, Website Accessibility
The True Cost of ADA Lawsuits: More Than Just Settlements
As a business owner with an online presence, you’re likely familiar with the importance of keeping up with legal requirements and ensuring your website meets certain standards. However, one area that might not be on your radar but deserves serious attention is web accessibility and the potential for ADA lawsuits.

Understanding Web Accessibility

Web accessibility refers to the practice of ensuring that websites and web applications are usable by everyone, including people with disabilities. This includes making content perceivable, operable, understandable, and robust for all users, regardless of their abilities or disabilities.

The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) was enacted in 1990 to prohibit discrimination against individuals with disabilities in all areas of public life, including jobs, schools, transportation, and public and private places that are open to the general public. Over the years, courts have extended ADA requirements to include websites and digital platforms, considering them as places of public accommodation.

The Rise of ADA Lawsuits

In recent years, there has been a significant increase in lawsuits against businesses alleging that their websites are not accessible to individuals with disabilities. These lawsuits typically cite violations of the ADA, claiming that inaccessible websites prevent full and equal access to goods and services.

The cost implications of these lawsuits are often underestimated by businesses. While the immediate financial impact of a settlement can be substantial, the true costs extend far beyond just the monetary figure agreed upon.

Direct Costs: Settlements and Legal Fees

Let’s start with the obvious: the direct costs. When a business is sued for ADA non-compliance, the most immediate expense is usually the settlement paid to the plaintiff. Settlement amounts can vary widely but often range from several thousand to tens of thousands of dollars. In addition to the settlement, businesses often incur significant legal fees defending against these lawsuits, which can escalate quickly depending on the complexity and duration of the case.

Indirect Costs: Reputational Damage and Lost Opportunities

Beyond the financial impact, ADA lawsuits can also have indirect costs that are harder to quantify but equally damaging. One such cost is reputational damage. In today’s digital age, news of an ADA lawsuit can spread quickly through social media and online platforms, potentially tarnishing a business’s reputation and undermining customer trust. For businesses that pride themselves on inclusivity and fairness, being embroiled in an accessibility lawsuit can contradict their values and negatively impact their brand perception.

Moreover, while dealing with a lawsuit, businesses may lose focus on core activities and strategic initiatives. The time and resources spent on legal proceedings could otherwise be invested in improving products and services, expanding market reach, or enhancing customer experiences.

Long-Term Costs: Compliance and Accessibility Upgrades

Perhaps the most overlooked aspect of ADA lawsuits is the long-term cost of achieving compliance and maintaining accessibility. Achieving ADA compliance involves not just fixing issues highlighted in the lawsuit but implementing a comprehensive accessibility strategy that ensures ongoing compliance with evolving standards.

This may include redesigning website elements, restructuring content, integrating assistive technologies, and training staff to create and maintain accessible digital content. These efforts require investments in time, technology, and expertise, all of which contribute to the total cost of addressing accessibility concerns raised by an ADA lawsuit.

The ROI of Web Accessibility

Despite the daunting costs associated with ADA lawsuits, there is a compelling case for investing in web accessibility beyond mere compliance. Research indicates that accessible websites tend to have better usability for all users, resulting in improved user experience, increased engagement, and potentially higher conversion rates. Moreover, catering to a broader audience can open up new market opportunities and enhance customer loyalty.

Taking Action: Protecting Your Business

As a website owner, protecting your business from ADA lawsuits begins with understanding and prioritizing web accessibility. Here are some proactive steps you can take:
1. Conduct an Accessibility Audit: Start by assessing your website’s current level of accessibility. Identify areas that need improvement and prioritize fixes based on their impact on usability and compliance.
2. Implement Accessibility Best Practices: Familiarize yourself with web accessibility guidelines such as the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG). Implementing these best practices not only helps in compliance but also improves usability for all users.
3. Train Your Team: Educate your content creators, designers, and developers about accessibility standards and best practices. Encourage a culture of accessibility within your organization to ensure that accessibility considerations are integrated into all aspects of your digital presence.
4. Monitor and Maintain Accessibility: Accessibility is not a one-time fix but an ongoing commitment. Regularly monitor your website for accessibility issues and address them promptly. Keep abreast of changes in accessibility standards and technology to stay ahead of potential compliance issues.
5. Consult with Experts: If you’re unsure where to start or need guidance, consider consulting with accessibility experts or hiring professionals who specialize in web accessibility audits and remediation.
Conclusion

Navigating the complexities of ADA compliance and web accessibility can seem daunting, but you don’t have to go it alone. The financial and operational impacts of ADA lawsuits can be far-reaching, from legal fees to reputational damage, and the ongoing investment in accessibility upgrades. By proactively integrating web accessibility into your business strategy, you not only mitigate the risk of costly lawsuits but also enhance the overall user experience and showcase your commitment to inclusivity.
At 216digital, we’re here to help you navigate these challenges with ease. Schedule a complimentary ADA strategy briefing with us to gain valuable insights and practical solutions tailored to your needs. Let us help you turn accessibility into a strategic advantage, ensuring that your digital presence is inclusive, innovative, and poised for success.
Greg McNeil

July 17, 2024

Legal Compliance

Accessibility, ADA Compliance, ADA Lawsuit, ADA Lawsuits, ADA non-compliance, ADA Website Compliance
5 Common Image Alt Text Mistakes
If you’re a website owner, developer, or content creator, you’ve probably heard about the importance of alt text for images. Alt text, short for alternative text, is crucial for web accessibility. It helps people with visual impairments understand what’s in the images on your site, using screen readers. It also has SEO benefits, helping search engines understand and index your images. However, writing good alt text isn’t always straightforward. Here are some common mistakes people make and how to avoid them.

1.Some Images Should Use an Empty Alt Attribute

One of the most common mistakes is thinking every image needs alt text. Not all images require detailed descriptions. Decorative images, like those used purely for design or spacing, should use an empty alt attribute (alt=””). This tells screen readers to skip these images, preventing unnecessary clutter for users.

For instance, if you have a decorative border or a purely aesthetic icon, you don’t need to describe it. Including alt text for these elements can overwhelm users with information and make their browsing experience frustrating. Always ask yourself if the image conveys essential information. If not, it’s a good candidate for an empty alt attribute.

2.Context Matters

Context is everything when it comes to writing alt text. The same image might need different alt text depending on where and how it’s used. For example, a picture of a dog on a veterinary website might need different alt text than the same picture on a pet adoption site.

Let’s say you have an image of a golden retriever. On a veterinary site, the alt text might be “Golden retriever receiving a check-up at the vet.” On a pet adoption site, it could be “Golden retriever available for adoption.” The context gives users the specific information they need based on where they are and what they’re looking for.

3.Screen Readers and Search Engines Already Know That It’s an Image

Another mistake is being redundant in alt text. Screen readers and search engines already know the element is an image, so you don’t need to start with “Image of…” or “Picture of…”. Jump straight into the description.

Instead of saying, “Image of a woman using a laptop,” just say, “Woman using a laptop.” This makes your alt text more concise and easier for screen readers to process. Remember, simplicity and clarity are key.

4.Write Alt Text as Simple Sentences

Good alt text is clear and straightforward. Using simple sentences helps ensure that everyone can understand your descriptions, including those using screen readers. Avoid complex phrases and jargon that could confuse users.

For example, if you have a photo of a sunset, instead of saying, “A stunningly beautiful sunset with hues of orange and pink casting a magnificent glow over the tranquil sea,” you could say, “Sunset over the sea with orange and pink colors.” Simple, right? It’s all about making the information as accessible as possible.

5.Don’t Repeat Captions in Alt Text

If your image already has a caption, don’t just copy and paste it into the alt text. Alt text and captions serve different purposes. Captions are visible to all users and often provide context or additional information, while alt text is specifically for those who can’t see the image.

For instance, if you have a caption that says, “John Doe speaking at the annual tech conference,” the alt text could be “John Doe at a podium,” giving a brief description without repeating the same information. This way, you enhance the user’s understanding without redundancy.

The Importance of Web Accessibility

Web accessibility is about making the internet usable for everyone, including people with disabilities. Alt text plays a significant role in this effort. By providing descriptive alt text, you ensure that all users, regardless of their abilities, can access the information on your site.

Accessible websites don’t just benefit those with disabilities. They can improve the overall user experience, increase your audience reach, and even boost your SEO. Search engines like Google use alt text to understand what images are about, which can help your site rank better in search results.

Practical Tips for Writing Good Alt Text

Here are some practical tips to help you write better alt text:
1. Be Descriptive but Concise: Aim for a balance between being detailed and keeping it short. Generally, 125 characters is a good length to shoot for.
2. Focus on What’s Important: Describe the most important aspects of the image. Think about what information the user needs to understand the image in the context of the content.
3. Avoid Redundancy: As mentioned, don’t use phrases like “image of” or repeat the caption.
4. Use Proper Grammar and Punctuation: Even though alt text might seem less formal, proper grammar and punctuation help with clarity.
5. Think About the User’s Experience: Always consider how a user relying on a screen reader will interpret your alt text. Will it provide the necessary information in a clear and straightforward manner?
Common Scenarios and Examples

To make things clearer, let’s look at some common scenarios and examples of good alt text.

Scenario 1: Product Images

If you’re running an e-commerce site, your product images need good alt text. For a photo of a red dress, a good alt text might be “Red cocktail dress with ruffle sleeves.” This description is concise and gives potential buyers the information they need.

Scenario 2: Infographics

Infographics can be tricky because they often contain a lot of information. A good approach is to summarize the key points. For example, if your infographic shows the steps of a process, the alt text might be “Infographic showing 5 steps to start a blog: Choose a platform, Pick a domain, Set up hosting, Design your site, Publish content.”

Scenario 3: Event Photos

For event photos, focus on who, what, where, and when. An image from a company event might have alt text like “CEO Jane Smith speaking at the annual company meeting in June 2023.”

Conclusion

Writing effective alt text is an essential skill for anyone managing a website. It’s not just about ticking a box for accessibility; it’s about making your content accessible and useful for everyone. By avoiding common mistakes like over-describing, repeating captions, or using complex sentences, you can create a better experience for all users.

Remember, the goal of alt text is to provide essential information to those who can’t see the image. Keep it simple, relevant, and in context, and you’ll be well on your way to making your website more accessible and inclusive. Web accessibility isn’t just a legal requirement; it’s a way to show that you care about all your users, making your site more welcoming to everyone.

At 216digital, our expert team can assist you in developing a strategy to make this journey of WCAG 2.1 compliance as smooth as possible. Contact us today to schedule a complementary ADA Strategy Briefing so that you can confidently take this next step into digital accessibility.
Greg McNeil

July 15, 2024

How-to Guides

Accessibility, Alt text, digital accessibility, Image Alt Text, Website Accessibility
Do You Need Web Accessibility Monitoring?
Your website is now accessible, but there’s more to be done. Web Accessibility is not a one-and-done task – it’s an ongoing effort to make sure that everyone can easily use and access your site.

While remediation is an excellent first step, the truth is that you’re just getting started. You now have to keep up the progress you’ve made with your site through constant observation, assessment, and development.

In this post, we’ll go over why you need web accessibility monitoring and what you should look for to maintain your digital properties.

Challenges in Maintaining Accessibility

To run an online business successfully, you must be prepared to adapt to constant change. However, updates to your website, such as adding new content or features like forms or plugins, can affect its accessibility.

Even small changes can create accessibility barriers. Each change carries the risk of making your website difficult to use for people with disabilities,, and you may not even be aware of it.

Challenges A Website Could Experience

Here are some common challenges a website might face:
- Lack of Training: Staff responsible for maintaining the website may lack awareness or understanding of accessibility principles and techniques.
- Content Updates: Modifying the website’s content and adding new features.
- Third-Party Widgets or Plugins: Websites rely on external plugins and tools, which can be challenging to keep up-to-date and accessible.
Regular audits and testing are essential to ensure your website is accessible to everyone. One way to do this is through monitoring. But how do you monitor your website?

What is Web Accessibility Monitoring?

Accessibility monitoring is an ongoing and proactive process that regularly checks online content for accessibility violations. Think of it as an early warning system, allowing developers and content creators to identify and fix potential barriers quickly.

There are two ways to monitor accessibility: automated and manual. However, they differ significantly in their approach and the level of thoroughness they provide. Below, you can find a description of both.

Automated Monitoring

Automated tools use algorithms to quickly scan web pages for accessibility issues based on predefined criteria. They are efficient for identifying certain barriers, such as missing alternative text for images or improper use of headings. However, automated tools will only catch 30% of issues and should be used with manual testing.

Manual Monitoring

Manual testing involves human experts reviewing web pages to identify accessibility barriers using assistive technologies such as screen readers. Human testers can provide a deeper insight that automated tools may miss, such as understanding the context of content or the user experience for people with disabilities. However, manual testing is time-consuming and labor-intensive. It may not be feasible for frequent updates or large-scale projects.

Why You Should Use a Monitoring Service

Having a web accessibility monitoring service is crucial for various reasons:

1. Legal Compliance

In many countries, including the United States, laws require websites to be accessible to individuals with disabilities. For instance, the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) mandates that both state and federal agencies make their online content usable for everyone. Monitoring services are vital in ensuring compliance with these regulations by regularly checking a website’s accessibility.

To learn more about laws regarding web accessibility, check out our article, “Navigating Digital Accessibility Regulation in 2024.”

2. Risk Management

ADA compliance isn’t just a one-time task; it’s an ongoing commitment. Failing to meet accessibility standards can lead to legal risks such as lawsuits and fines. In 2023 alone, federal and state courts dealt with 4,605 lawsuits related to web accessibility, with over 25% targeting companies previously sued for similar issues.

Regularly monitoring your website helps mitigate these risks by identifying any violations promptly.

3. Spotting Barriers Early

Monitoring services can detect accessibility barriers caused by updates, changes in code, or new content. Addressing these issues early in development can help save time and resources.

4. Documentation

These services also document a website’s accessibility level, which is crucial for tracking improvements and proving compliance with standards.

Analyzing this data helps teams identify recurring issues and patterns, enabling strategic planning to enhance accessibility through regular maintenance and updates.

5. Enhancing User Experience

Accessibility isn’t just about following rules; it’s about providing a better experience for all users. Accessible websites are easier to use, leading to higher user satisfaction and retention. Monitoring services enable you to identify usability issues and enhance the overall user experience.

6. Cost-Effective Development

Dealing with accessibility issues early in development is more cost-effective than making changes later. Regular monitoring helps catch problems before they escalate, reducing the resources needed for fixes and potential legal fees.

What to Look for in a Monitoring Service

Choosing the right web accessibility monitoring service is crucial to ensure your website is usable by everyone, including those with disabilities. Here are key factors to consider:
1. Accessibility Standards: Check if the service follows recognized standards like the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG), covering levels A, AA, or AAA.
2. Type of Monitoring: Look for a service offering automated and manual testing
3. Scalability: Check if the service can handle large or multiple websites. It should handle the scale of your site and provide accurate results.
4. Integration: Select a service that seamlessly integrates with your existing workflows, including your Content Management System (CMS) or development environment.
5. Reporting: Opt for a service that offers detailed reports for tracking progress.
6. Training and Resources: Look for resources such as training materials to help your team understand and implement accessibility improvements.
7. Cost: Evaluate pricing based on factors such as the number of pages, frequency of scans, and additional features.
Before deciding, try out a few services to find the best fit for your needs.

216digital’s a11y.Radar ADA Monitoring

Ensuring your website remains accessible is an ongoing task, but it needn’t be daunting. With 216digital‘s a11y.Radar ADA monitoring service, you’re equipped with the tools and insights needed to maintain an ADA-compliant website that welcomes all users.

a11y.Radar is an automated recurring ADA web compliance auditing platform.a11y.Radar ADA monitoring service reports on your ongoing accessibility efforts, whether conducted by your internal digital teams or an outside web agency. Access enhanced dashboards and receive updates to content, code, and user experience that could pose potential blocks to users or threaten your accessibility standards. In addition, our seamless interface allows your team members to view current issues and manage pending adjustments.

a11y.Radars Key Features include:
- Dynamic Dashboard Display
- Compliance Scans
- Detailed Issues Reports
- Issues Over Time
- Manual Testing Reports
- Email Alerts
- Current Web Compliance Status
Schedule a complimentary ADA strategy briefing to speak with one of our accessibility experts about a11y.Radar ADA Monitoring today.
Greg McNeil

June 27, 2024

Web Accessibility Monitoring

Accessibility, Accessibility monitoring, ADA, ADA Compliance, web accessibility monitoring, Website Accessibility, Website Accessibility Tools
Is Your Website Exempt From the ADA?
As experts in digital accessibility, we get asked a lot of questions by potential clients. But one question stands out: Why should I make my website accessible if disabled customers can’t use my products or services? Do I have to follow the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)?

It can be hard to know exactly how the ADA applies to your website amidst all the legal jargon and technical standards. Plus, it’s undeniable that implementing and maintaining web accessibility takes time and resources. So, do you need to put effort into making your website accessible for all users?

It is time we tackled this question head-on and address the elephant in the room.

Understanding the ADA

The ADA is a civil rights law that protects the rights of people with disabilities in all areas of public life. This includes workplaces, schools, transportation, and places open to the public, whether they’re run by the government or by private businesses.

For example, the ADA requires employers to provide necessary adjustments, like ramps, to employees with disabilities. The goal is to make sure that people with disabilities have the same opportunities and rights as everyone else.

We often think of the ADA as only applying to physical places we can visit, like stores or schools. But what about places we visit online, like websites?

Do Websites Have to be Accessible?

Websites are not exempt from ADA compliance. Even though the ADA doesn’t directly mention digital accessibility or websites, the Department of Justice (DOJ) has clarified that websites do fall under the ADA’s purview, stating:

“…the Department has consistently taken the position that the ADA’s requirements apply to all the goods, services, privileges, or activities offered by public accommodations, including those offered on the web.”– US Department of Justice | Guidance on Web Accessibility and the ADA (2022)

In other words, if your website is not accessible to people with disabilities, it is not compliant with the ADA, as websites are considered public places. But what if a disabled person can’t use your product or service?

Are You Exempt From the ADA?

Some businesses believe they are exempt from ADA compliance if their products or services are not specifically tailored for people with disabilities. However, this is far from the truth.

The ADA applies to all businesses, regardless of their target audience. These misconceptions often stem from false assumptions and a lack of context. Let’s explore this issue in further detail.

Avoiding Assumptions About User Capabilities

Deaf individuals can be skilled musicians.

Wheelchair users can drive cars.

People with physical disabilities excel in sports.

Sometimes, our assumptions stem from picturing ourselves attempting tasks with specific disabilities. While you might initially struggle with a particular activity, those with disabilities possess unique skills and knowledge.

Moreover, disabilities vary widely in nature and severity, and what may work for one individual may not hold true for another. Take vision, for instance. While one person might be color blind, another might grapple with legal blindness.

Even within the same person, capabilities may fluctuate depending on the context. For example, a person with Parkinson’s Disease might be able to walk on certain days but not others.

Why Someone Might Access Your Content

But what if a disabled customer clearly can’t use my products or services? As with anything, context is everything. Let’s take a look at a few real-life examples.

Mirrors and the Visually Impaired

One of our clients was recently sued for ADA compliance by a visually impaired user. If you are wondering why a visually impaired user would be shopping for a mirror, you would not be alone. However, once more, context is everything.

A visually impaired person could have many reasons to look at a mirror company’s website. Some examples could include:
- Buying a gift for a family member or friend
- Decorations in their home or office
- Looking for someone else or work
- The severity of their disability isn’t that severe
- Interest in the product or service
However, while some users might wander onto your site with pure intentions, others might be seeking an easy target.

The Risks of ADA Non-Compliance

Over the past 20 years, several lawsuits and DOJ settlements have been filed due to accessibility barriers. Just in 2023, plaintiffs brought 4,605 ADA-related lawsuits to federal and state courts, 683 more than the previous year.

But that’s not all. In addition to these lawsuits, there were countless demand letters addressing digital accessibility concerns. In 2022 alone, an estimated 1,500 of these letters were sent out every week. These letters typically list the web accessibility issues plaintiffs encountered on the site. Plaintiffs can seek restitution in the form of tens of thousands of dollars.

The expenses of these lawsuits and settlements can be hefty, covering legal fees, settlements, and damages. By investing in digital accessibility now, your business can avoid getting tangled up in expensive legal disputes down the road.

A Step Towards ADA Compliance

If you’re a website owner, you might feel overwhelmed or even caught off guard. But here’s the deal:

Web and digital accessibility isn’t just about compliance; it’s about inclusivity. Anyone, at any time, may encounter barriers to accessing your website, and it’s your responsibility to accommodate diverse user needs. Whether selling products, offering services, or providing information, your website must be accessible to all users.

Here are some steps you can take to improve your digital accessibility:
1. Conduct an Audit: Scan your website to identify any barriers to accessibility.
2. Make a Plan: Address the barriers identified in the audit, prioritizing the most critical ones first.
3. Consult the Experts: Consider partnering with an accessibility expert to oversee ongoing web accessibility efforts and ensure compliance with ADA requirements.
4. Train and Education: Educate your staff on WCAG best practices and how to maintain accessibility standards moving forward.
5. Regular Monitoring: Continuously monitor your website for accessibility issues and address them promptly.
Why Federal Web Accessibility Lawsuits Are

Digital accessibility is not just a legal requirement but a fundamental aspect of providing equal online access to goods and services. To ensure your website complies with the ADA and serves a key demographic — it’s essential to find and fix accessibility barriers on your site. And that’s where 216digital can help.

Whether you want to protect against a frivolous ADA accessibility lawsuit or become WCAG 2.1 AA compliant, 216digital has you covered. Our team of accessibility experts can also develop strategies to integrate WCAG 2.1 compliance into your development roadmap on your terms.

Don’t wait for a lawsuit to push you into action. Schedule a complimentary ADA strategy briefing with 216digital to take the first step towards website accessibility.
Greg McNeil

June 20, 2024

Legal Compliance

ADA, ADA Compliance, ADA Web Accessibility, ADA Website Compliance, Website Accessibility
New ADA Title II Guidelines: What You Need to Know
For years, digital accessibility advocates and state and local governments have grappled with the lack of clear guidelines regarding web accessibility under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). Thankfully, that’s about to change. On April 8, the U.S. Attorney General signed a new rule under ADA Title II, setting clear web accessibility standards for state and local governments. This means their services, programs, and activities must now be accessible to people with disabilities. In this post, we’ll walk you through these updates, explain their implications, and show you how to stay compliant.

What is ADA Title II?

The ADA is a landmark civil rights law passed in 1990. It prohibits discrimination against people with disabilities in all public areas. Title II specifically addresses the obligations of public entities, such as state and local governments, to provide equal access to their programs, services, and activities. This includes services, programs, and activities offered online and through mobile apps.

What Are the New Regulations Under Title II?

In a significant move towards inclusivity, the new regulations under ADA Title II require all U.S. state and local government websites and mobile apps to comply with the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.1 AA. Created by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), these guidelines are the gold standard for making digital content accessible to individuals with disabilities.

Following these standards ensures everyone can access essential services like paying taxes, viewing public records, and participating in community events.

Who is Affected by This New Rule?

The new ADA Title II rule on accessibility casts a wide net, impacting various entities:
- State and Local Governments: All branches, departments, and agencies, such as city councils, health departments, police departments, and fire departments.
- Special Districts: Districts focused on specific public functions or services, like water distribution, public transportation, and park management.
- Contractors and Third Parties: Companies contracted by state or local governments to provide public services.
Content Created by Third-party Contractors and Software Vendors

To comply with the new rule, governments must ensure that all their websites and mobile apps are accessible, including any digital content from third-party vendors or agencies. The rule states that any online content a public entity shares with users must meet accessibility standards, regardless of whether it comes directly from a public entity or a third-party organization under contract.

For example, suppose a city hires a third-party app to handle parking payments. In that case, that app must meet the WCAG 2.1 AA accessibility guidelines.

When Will the New Rule Take Effect?

The final rule took effect in June 2024, 60 days after being published in the Federal Register. Public entities now have two to three years to ensure their websites and mobile apps meet WCAG 2.1 AA standards, depending on their size:
- Public entities with a population of 50,000 or more: Must comply within two years (by April 24, 2026).
- Public entities with a population of less than 50,000 and all special district governments: Have three years to comply (by April 24, 2027).
After these deadlines, state and local governments must maintain WCAG 2.1 Level AA standards for their digital content.

Why Were These Regulations Made Now?

Many state and local governments now offer most of their services, programs, and activities online and through mobile apps. This shift has increased the risk of people with disabilities facing barriers when trying to access essential services or participate in civic activities.

As a result, many organizations sought guidance from the federal government on what ADA compliance looks like for digital content. The Department of Justice‘s (DOJ) new rule provides that clarity by outlining specific technical standards for measuring compliance.

Associate Attorney General Vanita Gupta emphasized this commitment, saying: “We will use all our tools, including enforcement, to ensure people with disabilities have equal access to online services.”

How Will the DOJ Enforce Compliance with ADA Title II?

The new rule will use existing methods for enforcement, including:
- Self-evaluation and Reporting: Organizations need to regularly check their websites and mobile apps to ensure they meet ADA standards and report their findings to federal agencies.
- Technical Assistance and Guidance: The DOJ and other agencies provide resources to help organizations understand and follow the ADA Title II guidelines.
- Public Complaints: Anyone affected by barriers on state or local government websites can file a complaint directly with the DOJ.
- DOJ Audits and Reviews: The DOJ periodically audits public entities’ websites and mobile apps to find issues that haven’t been reported through complaints.
What Are the Penalties for Non-compliance?

Government entities that don’t follow the new regulations could face legal trouble, fines, and orders to fix their websites. If an entity fails to meet the standards on time, several things could happen:
- Mediation and Resolution: Usually, the first step is mediation to help the entity understand the issues and find ways to fix them.
- Penalties and Fines: In severe cases or if problems persist, penalties can be imposed to motivate quick action.
- Mandated Corrective Actions: Entities might have to make specific changes, like redesigning their websites or updating mobile apps.
- Legal Action: If an entity continues to ignore the rules, the DOJ may take legal action.
State and local governments must take these regulations seriously and prioritize accessibility.

How State and Local Governments Can Achieve Compliance

To comply with ADA Title II, state and local governments must follow WCAG 2.1 Level AA standards. If you’re a government leader or a business working with public entities, here are some steps to ensure compliance:
1. Conduct an Audit: Start with a thorough web accessibility audit to identify any barriers to user access.
2. Make a Plan: After identifying the barriers, create a plan to address them, focusing first on the most critical issues.
3. Use Clear Communication: Use simple and clear language. Provide alternatives like text transcripts for videos and audio content.
4. Integrate Assistive Technologies: Regularly test your websites or apps with tools like screen readers to ensure they support various accessibility features.
5. Train Your Staff: Educate your team on best practices for web accessibility to ensure future accessibility.
6. Set Up Monitoring: Establish ongoing digital accessibility policies and regularly update your platforms based on user feedback, especially from users with disabilities.
7. Partner with Experts: Seek support from accessibility experts to ensure you meet ADA requirements.
8. Stay Updated: Keep up with WCAG standards and make necessary updates to your websites and apps.
Could These Updates Impact Private Businesses Eventually?

The current update focuses on public sector entities under ADA Title II. However, it could serve as a model for changes to Title III, which covers public accommodations and commercial facilities. This might lead to stricter and uniform accessibility standards in the private sector, affecting businesses and nonprofits interacting with the public.

Since the mid-1990s, the DOJ has included company websites, e-commerce platforms, and other digital experiences in defining public accommodations. Many U.S. courts have supported this view, ruling in favor of individuals who claim a company’s website is not accessible to people with disabilities.

However, any proposed rule changes will likely depend on various factors, including the outcome of the next federal election.

216digital is Here to Help

The new ADA Title II regulations are a significant step toward making digital spaces accessible for everyone, ensuring that state and local governments provide equal access to their services online. But navigating these changes can be challenging. That’s where 216digital comes in!

As leading experts in web accessibility, 216digital has the tools, knowledge, and experience to make your online space both compliant and welcoming for all. Our team will work with you to create a strategy that integrates WCAG 2.1 compliance into your development roadmap on your terms. Let us help you make your website compliant and welcoming for all users so you can focus on what you do best—serving your community!

Don’t wait. Schedule a complimentary ADA strategy briefing today to ensure your digital presence is accessible to everyone.
Greg McNeil

June 13, 2024

Legal Compliance

Accessibility, ADA, ADA Compliance, ADA Title II, ADA Web Accessibility, ADA Website Compliance
Navigating Digital Accessibility Regulation in 2024

Significant changes in digital accessibility legislation took place in 2023 that will significantly affect how businesses operate online in 2024. Accessibility has become a central focus in the United States Department of Justice, state legislatures, and even in Europe. These changes will have implications for businesses going forward, and it is essential for them to remain informed, assess their current status, and comply with the latest regulations.

To help you stay updated on these developments, we have created this blog post to assist you in keeping track of everything in the digital accessibility space.

ADA Digital Accessibility at the Federal Level in the US

In August 2023, the Department of Justice shared a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NPRM) about digital accessibility that’s been getting a lot of attention. This NPRM proposes a specific technical standard that state and local governments must follow to meet their existing obligations under Title II of the ADA.

Key points from the NPRM proposals include:

WCAG 2.1 AA

The proposal suggests using WCAG Version 2.1, Level AA, as the rules for making websites and mobile apps easier to navigate. WCAG stands for Web Content Accessibility Guidelines, and it was created to help make the Internet more accessible for everyone.

Websites and Mobile Apps

These rules would apply to the websites and mobile apps that state and local governments use to share information or provide services to the public. For instance, if a local government lets people pay for parking using a mobile app, that app would need to follow these rules to make sure it’s easy for everyone to use.

Compliance Timeline

The DOJ also suggests that state and local governments follow these technical standards within two or three years after the final rule is published, depending on their population size. Smaller public entities, with populations under 50,000 people, would have three years to comply. In contrast, larger ones, with populations of 50,000 or more, would have two years to meet the standard.

Additional details are available in the NPRM‘s “Requirements by Entity Size” section.

State-led Legislation for Digital Accessibility

While federal regulations set a baseline, several states are proactively addressing digital accessibility within their own jurisdictions. Let’s look at some notable examples:

California Assembly Bill 1757

California has introduced Assembly Bill 1757. This bill aims to make it illegal for any provider of online resources to create, license, distribute, or maintain an internet website for public use that does not meet the accessibility standards outlined in the [WCAG 2.1 Level AA].

If this bill becomes law, it may have an impact on business activities within the state, as well as have personal consequences for individual web developers. Developers may find themselves facing lawsuits from both businesses and individuals with disabilities. The recent changes to the bill eliminate the possibility of developers claiming ignorance, as the responsibility threshold has shifted from “knowingly or intentionally to include “negligently” engaged in constructing an inaccessible website. Furthermore, the updated wording prevents developers from shifting liability to the companies that hired them.

AB 1757 is currently under consideration by the Senate Judiciary Committee, and there is heightened attention on whether it will progress into law. All eyes are on this legislation, anticipating its potential implications.

Rhode Island Bills 2023 H-5106 and S-0105

Senators Ujifusa and Representative Vella-Wilkinson are focused on the DOJ’s NPRM proposal. They’ve put forward two bills in Rhode Island: 2023 H-5106 (PDF) and 2023 S-0105 (PDF). These bills aim to make sure that all new websites available to the public follow the ADA’s digital accessibility rules before they go live. On the other hand, existing public websites have until July 1, 2028, to meet WCAG 2.1 AA standards.

The Minnesota House Bill HF-480

Minnesota has proposed Bill HF-480, aiming to allocate funds to the Minnesota Council on Disabilities. The goal is to offer training, aid, and assistance to cities and counties, helping them meet the required standards for website accessibility. Additionally, the bill proposes an annual report detailing the figures related to website accessibility training, technical support, and outreach. It also includes estimates of the costs involved in implementing recommended changes to the websites of cities and counties.

Rhode Island’s Digital Accessibility and Equity Governance Board

Governor Healey of Massachusetts is following in the footsteps of Rhode Island and Minnesota by taking a proactive stance on digital accessibility. She recently signed an Executive Order creating the Digital Accessibility and Equity Governance Board. The board’s goal is to make sure that all digital applications are fully functional and accessible to everyone.

The board will establish and maintain standards, guidelines, and policies for digital accessibility and equity. It will also collaborate with other executive branch offices and agencies to develop procurement policies, contractual standards, and other relevant documents that support digital accessibility efforts.

Hawaii’s HB1419 Bill

On January 1, 2023, Hawaii’s Bill HF-480 brought in the “Hawaii Electronic Information Technology Disability Access Standards” to make digital content more accessible. As of July 1, 2023, all state organizations must check these access standards and update their rules, policies, and procedures for getting and creating digital content.

Kansas Takes a Different Approach

While some states are becoming stricter about digital accessibility, Kansas is making headlines with a unique law. As of July 1, 2023, The Act Against Abusive Website Access Litigation allows local businesses to take legal action against individuals and their lawyers who file lawsuits about website accessibility under the ADA.

The purpose is to counter what is considered “abusive” litigation and seek compensation for defense costs and even punitive damages. Lawsuits can be filed in any jurisdiction. However, this Kansas law will only be in effect until the Department of Justice issues regulations on website accessibility under Title III of the ADA.

The European Accessibility Act

Looking beyond the US, the European Accessibility Act (EAA) is set to bring about substantial changes. With a looming deadline of June 28, 2025, the act aims to improve the accessibility of products and services. This includes public and private websites and mobile applications, including US-based companies selling to the EU sector.

Before the EAA, different accessibility rules existed throughout EU member states, making it difficult for digital product vendors and purchasers. The EAA has standardized accessibility requirements, making it easier for everyone involved.

But suppose you are an online business selling to the EU sector. In that case, it is crucial to make sure that your practices comply with the European Accessibility Act before the deadline arrives.

Implications for Online Businesses

Staying informed about digital accessibility legislation is essential for online businesses aiming to foster inclusivity and avoid legal challenges. The 2023 announcements at both federal and state levels in the US and the impending deadline in the EU underscore the global importance of ADA compliance.

Businesses should closely monitor updates, assess their current digital accessibility status, and take steps to align with the latest regulations. By doing so, they not only mitigate legal risks but also contribute to a more accessible and inclusive online environment.

Preparing for the Future with 216digital

Regardless of where you are on your journey, we’re here to help. At 216digital, we can assist you in developing a strategy to integrate WCAG 2.1 compliance into your development roadmap on your terms. Our expert team will assess your website, provide recommendations, and implement the necessary adjustments to make sure your website meets the latest accessibility standards.
Contact us today to schedule a complementary ADA Strategy Briefing so that you can confidently embrace the future of digital accessibility.

Greg McNeil

February 27, 2024

Legal Compliance

Accessibility, ADA Compliance, ADA Lawsuit, ADA non-compliance, ADA Website Compliance, digital accessibility, Website Accessibility
Why Accessibility Overlays Might Make You a Target
For many website owners, ensuring their site is accessible to everyone, especially those with disabilities, is a priority. This makes sense, not only from an ethical standpoint but also from a legal one. Web accessibility has become a hot topic, with the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) taking action against websites that fail to provide equal access. One solution that has garnered attention is the use of overlay widgets. However, if you’re considering using overlay widgets to meet these demands, pause! This may not be the solution you think it is.

In this post, we will explore the pitfalls of relying on such solutions and why they may not be the best choice for safeguarding your online business.

What is an Overlay Widget?

In simple terms, an overlay refers to tools or technologies that incorporate third-party code, typically JavaScript, into a webpage to enhance accessibility. Over recent years, these overlays have surged in popularity and are now featured on numerous websites across the internet. Among the many available, UserWay and accessiBe stand out as the top contenders on the market.

For a monthly charge, these tools claim to offer complete ADA and WCAG compliance, shielding them from litigation and an improved user experience for people with disabilities, all by adding just a single line of code to a website.

On the surface, it sounds ideal for website owners wanting a quick solution. But the truth is more complex.

What Do Accessibility Overlays Claim to Offer?

These overlay companies often promise three key concepts to consumers:
1. Your website will be fully accessible
2. Their technology will automate fixes, removing the need for web accessibility experts.
3. Their products will protect you from accessibility lawsuits.
Does it sound too good to be true? It is. While overlays might seem like a cost-effective solution for web accessibility, they might leave hopeful business owners with a target on their backs.

Accessibility Experts Voicing Concern

Experts in web accessibility have expressed skepticism about the effectiveness of accessibility overlays. Many experts argue that these tools may create a false sense of compliance and fail to address the root causes of accessibility issues.

Around 800 experts in accessibility have promised not to support, suggest, or use overlays that pretend to comply with laws or standards automatically. Karl Groves, an industry expert with over 20 years of experience, has put together a detailed fact sheet and statement from these experts, and it’s available on overlayfactsheet.com as a helpful online resource.

But why are these experts opposing overlays? First, we have to talk about ADA Compliance.

What is ADA Compliance?

While using an overlay may help meet some rules in accessibility standards, it cannot ensure

Conformance means meeting or satisfying the requirements of the web accessibility standards. According to Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG), the ‘requirements’ for web accessibility are called Success Criteria. To conform to WCAG’s guidelines, you must meet or satisfy all the Success Criteria.

Since conforming to a standard involves meeting all its requirements, products that claim to bring a website into compliance but cannot fix all issues should be approached with caution.

Why Overlays Are Not Fully Accessible

Here’s a simplified analogy: Imagine a pothole in the road. Instead of fixing it properly, someone places cardboard over it. It might look covered, but it’s still there, and it’s just a matter of time before someone falls through.

Similarly, while overlay widgets might give the appearance of an accessible website, they often merely cover up underlying issues. The worst part? Sometimes, they introduce new problems.

The Limitations of Accessibility Overlays

While overlays may provide some surface-level improvements, they often fail to address the comprehensive requirements for ADA compliance. Automated fixes can be incomplete or inaccurate, leaving certain accessibility issues unaddressed and potentially leading to legal consequences.

Here’s why:
- Partial Fixes: While overlays can assist in certain areas, like making text bigger for those with vision problems, they don’t treat the root problems in the website’s code, leaving site owners vulnerable to ADA lawsuits.
- Inconsistency: Overlay performance can be unpredictable across different devices and browsers, particularly on mobile.
- False Assurance: Sole reliance on overlays can be deceptive. They detect only about 30% of accessibility barriers. The intricate WCAG guidelines mean that overlays can only handle some necessary adjustments. A hands-on review is needed to find the remaining 70% of issues.
- User Experience: Some overlay tools give users an overwhelming number of choices, making things more perplexing or even creating new hurdles for disabled users.
- Conflicts with Assistive Tools: Many people with disabilities use specific tools to navigate the web. Overlays can disrupt these tools, making the website even less accessible.
To learn more about how overlay widgets fail to make a website compliant, check out our blog post, Why AI & Overlay Widgets Fail ADA Website Compliance.

Overlays Don’t Protect Against Web Accessibility Lawsuits

Many website owners opt for overlay widgets, believing they will shield them from potential lawsuits. However, this couldn’t be farther from the truth. Some advocates argue that these overlays can create a false impression of compliance, attracting attention from individuals keen on holding non-compliant websites accountable or with a desire for a quick payout.

At the 2021 Digital Accessibility Legal Summit, Jeremy Horelick, Jason Taylor, and Richard Hunt discussed overlays being marketed as one-step software solutions for website accessibility. The answer was a clear no when asked if overlays reduce the risk of litigation expenses.

“They absolutely do not. And there are two reasons why this is true. The first reason is simply because they don’t actually fix websites. […]

The other reason is because the law firms, not all the law firms, but many of the law firms that are in this area do not care whether the website is really accessible or not. Their desire is to find something that they can identify as an error, usually by measuring it against WCAG, and if they can find that error, they can file a lawsuit in good faith. Remembering that their goal is to settle the lawsuit as soon as possible.”

Accessibility Overlays Can Make You A Target

Using an overlay widget is like announcing, “I’m trying to be compliant.” But when that compliance is only surface-deep, it can make you an easy target for litigation.

So you might wonder, “Why would an overlay make me a target?” Here’s a deep dive into the mechanics:

Lawsuit Mechanics

Lawsuits related to web accessibility often rely on demonstrating that a website remains non-compliant despite attempts to rectify it. Scanning tools most plaintiff firms use won’t reliably pick up the solutions provided by widgets and overlays. While suggesting an effort to comply, overlay widgets often fall short of genuine accessibility. As such, your site will “scan” in exactly the same way and not at all change the initial filter most plaintiff firms use to determine who to go after. This discrepancy provides an avenue for legal action.

Lawsuit Claims

Most lawsuits nowadays don’t primarily address WCAG compliance concerns. They cite issues of functional use—things that impact a person with a disability’s ability to use a site. However, overlays won’t affect those claims and will often worsen the functionality. Many claims pinpoint overlay widgets’ inconsistent and ineffective nature, emphasizing that they don’t provide a uniform solution for every user.

Public Record Evidence

Implementing a widget or overlay on your website highlights potential shortcomings in your approach to accessibility. This public display could be referenced in future legal proceedings as evidence of your organization’s consistent lack of attention to accessibility. In the context of the ADA, this could be seen as a failure to adapt policies, practices, and procedures to ensure accessibility.

2023 Overlay Litigation Wave

In 2023, we saw 933 websites become targets for ADA non-compliant lawsuits because they relied solely on overlay widgets. This marked a notable 62% increase from the previous year. The legal actions brought against these companies often point fingers at the features and functions of these widgets, claiming they contribute to accessibility issues, along with the common failures outlined in WCAG.

Attorney Richard Hunt, who specializes in digital ADA cases at Hunt Huey PLLC, was among the first to focus on such legal matters. In a post titled “Is there a silver bullet for ADA website accessibility? Sorry, but the answer is no,” he emphasized that using an accessibility overlay or widget won’t protect businesses from ADA lawsuits.

Hunt stated, “If your business wants to avoid getting sued under the ADA because of an inaccessible website an accessibility overlay or widget isn’t going to help you. I can say this with some certainty because in the last two weeks alone five lawsuits have been filed against businesses that use an accessibility widget or overlay on their websites.”

Privacy Concerns

Besides potential legal problems tied to web accessibility, privacy concerns have surfaced. Overlays that automatically activate certain features, such as those for screen reader or speech recognition users, do this by detecting when an assistive technology is in use on the device. This reveals that the person using the device at that time has a disability. In some instances, it even exposes more personal information, like age, ethnic background, or preferred gender. Collecting such data should only happen with the informed consent of the person to whom it belongs.

Privacy Concerns and Legal Consequences

Some overlays keep users’ settings consistent across different websites that use the same overlay. This is achieved by placing a cookie on the user’s computer. When the user activates a setting for a specific overlay feature on one site, the overlay will automatically activate that feature on other sites.

Although the overlay company may believe they are benefiting the end user, the major privacy issue is that the user never agreed to be tracked, and there’s no way to opt out. Because there’s no opt-out option (except for explicitly turning off that setting), this poses a risk under the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) for the overlay customer.

What Actions Should Website Owners Take?

For website owners, the lesson is clear. While overlay widgets might seem like an easy fix for web accessibility, they’re anything but. Not only do they fail to address the root accessibility issues, but they also paint a target on your back for potential litigation.

If you’re a website owner considering using overlay widgets, tread cautiously. Instead of looking for shortcuts, invest in a comprehensive web accessibility evaluation and manual review from the experts at 216digital to ensure that all accessibility barriers are identified and addressed correctly.

It is crucial to recognize the limitations of AI and use it in conjunction with other accessibility tools, such as regularly testing and evaluating accessibility compliance through automated and manual audits. By adopting a multi-faceted approach to accessibility, you can minimize the risk of legal action and make sure that digital content is accessible to all users.

Team Up with 216digital

After years of analyzing ADA lawsuits, we’ve discerned the tactics used by law firms to pinpoint websites for groundless ADA claims and how to protect businesses against them. Our team of accessibility experts can also develop strategies to integrate WCAG 2.1 compliance into your development roadmap on your terms to save you from potential legal headaches in the future.

Remember, web accessibility is not just about legal compliance but about creating an inclusive web for all. So don’t wait any longer—find out where you stand by scheduling a complementary ADA Strategy Briefing today.
Greg McNeil

February 27, 2024

Legal Compliance

Accessibility, ADA Compliance, ADA Web Accessibility, ADA Website Compliance, Ai and Overlay Widgets, Overlay widgets, Website Accessibility, Website Accessibility Tools
2023 Web Accessibility Lawsuit Trends and Insights
Web accessibility is no longer just a buzzword for the tech-savvy; it has become a crucial aspect of every online business. The surge in ADA-related lawsuits in 2023 serves as a wake-up call for website owners, developers, and digital marketers. Ignorance is no longer bliss, and understanding the trends can be the key to safeguarding your online presence in 2024.

For companies of all sizes, this raises a pair of essential questions:
1. What is behind this rise in litigation?
2. Is my business at risk?
In this post, we break down the 2023 web accessibility lawsuit trends and provide insights to help you navigate the evolving landscape. In today’s digital world, being informed isn’t just advantageous—it’s essential.

A Shift in Web Accessibility

Advocates for digital platforms being included in the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) have made significant progress in 2023. The Department of Justice (DOJ) declared that by 2024, all state and local websites must adhere to WCAG AA standards. This move shows that websites and mobile apps are just as important as physical places.

Right now, the declaration above only applies to state and local government groups under Title II of the ADA. But private businesses, often under Title III, might have to follow similar rules soon. This success, along with other updated state laws like California’s Assembly Bill (AB) 1757, has encouraged supporters to take legal action in record numbers.

A Closer Look at the Numbers

The numbers are in, and they’re striking: Plaintiffs filed 4,605 federal and state-filed ADA-related digital lawsuits, 683 more than in 2022. 3,086 of these lawsuits went through federal courts, whereas 1,519 were in state courts. This shift emphasizes the growing significance of state lawsuits in digital accessibility.

New York and Web Accessibility Lawsuits

In fact, Plaintiff firms file almost 75% of all lawsuits in New York federal or state courts. Although we have seen increased lawsuits outside the prominent three regions of New York, California, and Florida, New York is still the king.

But don’t get excited if you are outside of these states. The internet has no boundaries; having customers in a state is enough to be susceptible to legal action. For instance, your online business may be in Ohio. Still, a customer in New York State can file a claim in New York for your website having web accessibility barriers. Your location has no bearing.

But what if you are just a small online business? You should be safe, right?

What Industries Are Most at Risk?

eCommerce websites are more likely to be sued than other industries, such as Food Service and Education. In fact, 80% of all lawsuits are against eCommerce websites, with the majority of cases filed by visually impaired or blind individuals. This is because more and more businesses are selling online than ever before. eCommerce websites constantly change and frequently have complex functionality, making them more susceptible to legal issues.

Want to know more about eCommerce ADA litigation? In that case, check out our article, “Retail is the Prime Target for ADA Web Accessibility Lawsuits.“

Suppose you have already been sued for web accessibility, you should be safe from subsequent lawsuits, right? Unfortunately, the data says otherwise.

Copycat Accessibility Lawsuits Are On the Rise

It is not surprising that 25% of web accessibility lawsuits in 2023, more than 700, were filed against businesses that have previously been involved in ADA digital lawsuits. This highlights the prevalence of legal issues related to accessibility.

Why the Surge in Copycat Lawsuits?

Unfortunately, the ADA does not protect a company with an inaccessible website, regardless of how often they have been sued, when the lawsuits occurred, or whether they settled to make improvements.

Any new user who encounters barriers on a website can file a lawsuit against that website or any other websites or apps owned by the same company. This may lead to copycat lawsuits from new plaintiffs.

The bottom line? If digital content is not accessible, the risk of legal repercussions is substantial. But how should online businesses protect themselves against ADA claims in 2024? Web accessibility widgets and overlays?

Web Accessibility Widgets and Overlays

Many companies that offer accessibility widgets claim to be the ultimate solution for overcoming barriers and even promise legal protection from ADA cases. If you search on Google for web accessibility solutions, you’ll find numerous companies competing for your attention. However, these widgets fall short of being the magical fix many hoped for.

In 2023, 933 businesses using accessibility widgets faced lawsuits, a 62% increase from the previous year. These legal actions often point out the widget features and functionality as causes of accessibility barriers, along with common WCAG failures. But why is that the case?

The Pitfalls of Web Accessibility Widgets and Overlays

One major issue with accessibility widgets is that they don’t address the fundamental access barriers on websites. Although these issues are not visible to most users, they pose significant challenges for people with disabilities.

Furthermore, overlays can only identify 30% of web accessibility errors. Unfortunately, overlay tools struggle to handle the complexity of WCAG guidelines and cannot make the comprehensive changes necessary. The remaining 70% of issues can only be identified through manual testing.

The trend of filing ADA complaints and lawsuits against companies using accessibility widgets will continue into 2024. Achieving complete ADA or WCAG compliance requires more than just overlays or widgets. So, what should you do?

How to Keep Your Online Business Safe

It’s crucial to make sure that your website and online applications follow ADA web accessibility rules to lower the risk of getting sued. This might mean teaming up with web accessibility experts to review your site and make any necessary changes.

To avoid ADA web accessibility litigation, online businesses should take the following steps:
1. Review your website: Conduct a comprehensive web accessibility audit to identify all barriers.
2. Make a plan: Once you find the barriers, address the issues identified in the audit. Start with the most critical issues first.
3. Train Staff: Show your team how to follow the best practices for web accessibility and keep things accessible in the future.
4. Use helpful tools: Frequently test your websites or apps for accessibility with tools like web accessibility monitoring services.
5. Accessibility Partner: Get support from experts who focus on accessibility to make sure you’re following ADA requirements.
6. Stay Updated: Stay updated on WCAG standards and update your websites and apps when needed.
Conclusion

In today’s digital age, web accessibility is non-negotiable. Whether you aim to protect against ADA lawsuits or strive for WCAG 2.2 AA compliance, taking immediate and comprehensive action is vital. At 216digital, we understand the nuances of ADA lawsuits and can help develop a strategy to integrate accessibility into your development roadmap.

Schedule a complimentary ADA Strategy Briefing today to learn more about securing ongoing, real-world accessibility on your terms.
Greg McNeil

January 23, 2024

Legal Compliance

ADA Compliance, ADA Lawsuit, ADA Web Accessibility, ADA Website Compliance, Web Accessibility, web accessibility lawsuits
Unwrap Web Accessibility: A Gift for All Shoppers
‘Tis the season of joy, laughter, and, of course, holiday shopping! As the holiday spirit fills the air, retailers are gearing up to capture their share of the holiday shopping extravaganza. But in the midst of the twinkling lights, festive decor, and holiday cheer, there’s an aspect you may be overlooking – web accessibility.

To add an extra dose of cheer to this season, our team at 216digital has put together a list of simple and immediate steps that every online retailer can take to ensure their online content caters to all shoppers.

‘Tis the Season for All Shoppers

The holiday season is when people actively hunt for gifts and turn to online shopping in their quest for the perfect presents. However, many website owners are missing out on a massive, often overlooked market share: people with disabilities.

According to the World Health Organization, roughly 16% of the world’s population has some form of disability. When your website isn’t accessible, you’re closing the door on this large group of potential consumers.

To put this into perspective, let’s consider some statistics:
- In the United States, approximately 27% of adults have some form of disability. That’s more than 61 million people who could become your future customers.
- Shoppers with disabilities have a combined disposable income of about $490 billion. By neglecting their needs, you are missing out on a substantial source of revenue.
- Research has shown that 71% of disabled customers will leave a website if they find it difficult to use. Therefore, improving web accessibility can have a direct impact on your conversion rates.
Holiday Shopping Challenges

For people with disabilities, shopping online can pose challenges. According to WebAIM’s 2023 analysis of the top 1 million websites on the internet, a staggering 96.3% of them had severe accessibility issues. These issues included the inability to view product descriptions, make a purchase, or book an appointment.

During the holiday shopping season, people with disabilities may face even more challenges while shopping online. For instance:
- Most holiday promotions are shared through email or social media, which can be challenging to access for some people with disabilities.
- Each website update, which often includes fresh branding, promotional banners, and product pages, presents an opportunity to introduce new accessibility barriers
- The holiday rush can overwhelm customer service teams, making it more challenging for people with disabilities to receive the assistance they may need.
So, how can you make your website accessible to all holiday shoppers?

Understanding Web Accessibility

Web accessibility is about making your website usable and navigable by people with disabilities. That means designing and developing your holiday content in a way that allows everyone to access and use your site effectively.

Here are a few key aspects of web accessibility you should focus on this holiday season.

Paint a Clear Picture with Alt Text

During the holiday season, visuals play a significant role in attracting shoppers to your site. In fact, 75% of online shoppers rely on product photos when purchasing. However, some users may have visual impairments and rely on screen readers to navigate your website. To make sure they don’t miss out on your visually appealing content, it’s crucial to use image alternative text or alt text.

What is Alt Text?

Alt text is a description added to an image’s HTML code. It provides a textual alternative to the image, allowing screen readers to convey the image’s content and function to users who cannot see it.

When done right, it can help paint a picture of your products and services. Unfortunately, many businesses forget to provide alt text, or they treat it like a file naming system. For example, an image of a size chart with alt text that says “size chart.” It might as well not be there.

You can write more helpful alt text by following these best practices:

Be Descriptive

When adding alt text to your images, be descriptive but concise. For instance, if you’re selling a holiday-themed sweater, the alt text could be “Cozy red holiday sweater with reindeer patterns.” This way, users with visual impairments understand the image’s content.

Avoid Redundancy

It might seem helpful but do not include phrases like “picture of” or “image of” in your alt text. Screen readers will know from the preceding HTML tag to announce the alt text as an image. Including these phrases in your description will only disrupt the user’s experience.

Write for People, Not Search Engines

It’s important to remember not to treat alt text as an SEO tool. Many content creators make the mistake of trying to include keywords in their site’s alt text. But while alt text can contribute to SEO, your priority should be accessibility and user experience. Remember, at the end of the day, you’re trying to sell a product to a person, not Google. So, focus on creating descriptive and concise alt text that helps users with visual impairments understand the image’s content.

For more information on alt text, check out our article “Understanding Image Alt Text Descriptions.”

Design for Sound Off Videos

Videos are an engaging way to showcase your holiday products or promotions. However, videos often rely on visual and auditory elements, which can be problematic for those with hearing impairments. To make your videos more inclusive:
- Invest in High-Quality Audio: If you use VoiceOvers or soundtracks in your videos, ensure that the audio quality is top-notch. Clear audio is essential for users who rely on sound to understand your content.
- Use Audio Descriptions: For videos with crucial visual content, provide audio descriptions. Audio descriptions are narrations that explain what’s happening in the video. This helps users with visual impairments understand the context and content of the video.
- Proof Captions by Hand: Automatic captioning can be unreliable, and errors in captions can lead to misunderstandings. Take the time to review and edit captions to ensure they accurately reflect the spoken content.
Make Your Email Campaigns Web Accessible

Email marketing is a powerful tool during the holiday season. However, most of the images used in email marketing lack accessibility.

For instance, in many promotional emails, you’ll find special offers, product names, sale prices, and other important information. If all of this information is only presented in images, it excludes people who rely on screen readers.

As a general rule, businesses should avoid using images as the sole content of their emails. And when images are used, they must include descriptive alt text. However, there’s more to email accessibility than just alt text.

To ensure that your emails reach and resonate with all potential customers, consider the following:
- Set the Role Attribute of Every Table to “Presentation.”: Tables in emails can be challenging for screen readers to interpret. By setting the role attribute of every table to “presentation,” you tell assistive technologies that the table is for layout purposes only, making the email easier to navigate.
- Underline Inline Links: When creating links in your emails, use descriptive link text. For example, instead of “Click here,” use “Shop our holiday collection now.” This provides clarity and context to users.
- Make Sure Links are Descriptive: When creating links in your email content, use descriptive anchor text that indicates where the link leads. Avoid generic terms like “click here” and instead use specific text that tells users what to expect when they click.
Heading Towards Holiday Content

It’s that time of year when new content and blog articles are in full swing, highlighting future sales and this year’s latest products. However, the essential element of all good content is using headings. Headings aren’t just big, bold, decorative text. They’re the signposts that guide readers through your content from most to least important.

For instance, just like a tree has a trunk, main branches, and smaller branches, your content should have a main heading, subheadings, and further divisions if necessary.
- Here are a few pointers when you are generating your online content:
- Write concise, meaningful headings that provide insight into the content.
- Elements that are repeated across different pages within a site should maintain a consistent order. That one bold font may be more eye-catching, but that doesn’t mean you need to use it.
- Headings and labels should aid shoppers in navigating content and understanding their current location by clearly describing the topic or objective.
Don’t Let Web Accessibility Be Your New Year’s Resolution

The holiday season is the perfect time to implement these changes and make your website more accessible. So, don’t let web accessibility be your New Year’s resolution; make it a top priority for your online business now, and watch your holiday sales soar.

Ready to get started? Schedule a Complimentary ADA Strategy Briefing with the experts at 216digital. We will help you take the steps towards making your content web accessible on your terms by developing a strategy to integrate WCAG 2.1 compliance into your development roadmap.
Greg McNeil

December 8, 2023

How-to Guides, The Benefits of Web Accessibility, WCAG Compliance
Web Accessibility: The Wayfair Example
Wayfair, one of the internet’s leading home goods and furniture retailers, was hit with another class action lawsuit in June. The lawsuit alleged that the company’s website was not accessible to legally blind customers.

In this legal action, Seana Cromitie, a visually impaired woman, claimed that she encountered accessibility issues while attempting to purchase a shoe rack from Wayfair’s website. These issues, she argued, denied her the same level of access to Wayfair’s online products, content, and services as sighted customers.

Cromitie’s lawsuit is part of a growing wave of web accessibility litigation filed under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). But what can business owners learn from Wayfair’s recent allegations and the dangers of ignoring web accessibility?

Below, we’ll discuss the plaintiff’s claims, providing tips for avoiding and responding to ADA demands.

The Americans with Disabilities Act

The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) is a civil law designed to protect the rights of people with disabilities in all areas of public life. While it doesn’t specifically mention websites, the courts have made it clear that the ADA applies to websites, whether they’re owned by government agencies or private businesses.

In July 2023, the Department of Justice (DOJ) suggested a new rule to ensure that online services provided by state and local governments become more accessible under Title II of the ADA. Although Title III, pertaining to privately owned businesses, has yet to see changes, the DOJ published guidance in 2022 confirming its position that the ADA does apply to websites, stating:

“…the Department has consistently taken the position that the ADA’s requirements apply to all the goods, services, privileges, or activities offered by public accommodations, including those offered on the web.”– US Department of Justice | Guidance on Web Accessibility and the ADA (2022)
– US Department of Justice | Guidance on Web Accessibility and the ADA (2022)

Failure to do so can result in legal action, as Wayfair’s recent case demonstrates. But what are the legal standards for ADA compliance?

For an in-depth look at the proposed changes to Title II of the ADA, check out our article “The ADA’s New Shift Towards Web Accessibility”

Title III and WCAG

Due to the DOJ’s delay in releasing technical standards for web accessibility, confusion has emerged among businesses and website owners about what is required for ADA compliance.

As a result, the DOJ often refers to the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) as the standard for ADA web compliance. The DOJ has even joined lawsuits against businesses and organizations that have failed to meet the WCAG standards.

However, Title III of the ADA has no legal standard for web accessibility— even achieving WCAG 2.1 AA conformance does not fully protect you from lawsuits.

So, how can businesses close the door to potential litigation? Let’s take another look at Wayfair’s June court case.

Background to the Wayfair’s 2023 ADA Case

The plaintiff, Seana Cromitie, asserts that Wayfair’s website falls under the definition of a public accommodation in Title III of the ADA. Therefore, it is considered discriminatory and illegal to deny people with disabilities access to the same products and services offered to others.

The 2023 court case centers on issues that made Wayfair’s website challenging for screen reader users. Screen readers are essential tools for users with visual impairments, as they provide an auditory interpretation of the website’s content. However, Wayfair’s website lacked the necessary features to accommodate these users.

Wayfair’s Web Accessibility Barriers

The class action complaint cites several specific issues with Wayfair’s website. These key issues include:
- Missing alternative text (or alt text): Alt text is vital for users to understand what an image looks like and its function on a website. Wayfair’s website had numerous images without meaningful alt-text, making them incomprehensible to visually impaired visitors.
- Incorrectly Formatted Lists: Screen readers rely on well-structured lists for proper navigation. When the lists aren’t correctly formatted, the screen readers might read items in the wrong order or convey the list incorrectly, making it challenging for users to understand the content and move around the site.
- Unannounced Pop-ups: Pop-up windows on the website without proper announcements caused confusion for screen reader users, hindering their navigation and comprehension.
- Broken and “empty” hyperlinks: Broken links can disrupt the user’s experience by not explaining where the link or image will lead. This can frustrate users and make accessing various parts of the website challenging.
- Missing Keyboard Navigations: Requiring a mouse for specific actions creates barriers for people with motor impairments or those who rely on keyboards or other assistive tools.
Unfortunately, these barriers are widespread, leaving millions of businesses unknowingly open to frivolous lawsuits.

Common Web Accessibility Barriers

In their annual analysis of the top 1 million website home pages, WebAIM (Web Accessibility In Mind) found that 96.3% of home pages had detectable failures of WCAG.

According to their finding, many of the same barriers cited in Wayfair’s case appear in their top WCAG 2 failures, including 58.2% of homepages missing alt text for images, while 50.1% had empty links. However, both of these barriers can take seconds to remove.

Suppose businesses recognize their mistakes early and make immediate changes. In that case, the cost to correct these barriers won’t accumulate or cost as much later. Remediating thousands of issues on an e-commerce website will require a substantial investment while building for accessibility will cost much less over time.

No Business is Too Small

While Wayfair is a major retailer, small businesses are also covered by Title III of the ADA. They are responsible for providing web content that works for all users, regardless of their abilities.

In fact, smaller companies with revenues under $25 million have been frequent targets. They accounted for 77% of ADA non-compliance cases in the first half of 2023, and many plaintiffs allege the same issues cited in the Wayfair class action case.

So, what steps can your website take to ensure ADA compliance?

A Step Towards Web Accessibility

Making sure your website is web-accessible is not only a legal requirement but also a moral and business imperative. This may involve working with web accessibility experts to conduct an audit and any necessary changes.

Here are some steps you can take to improve your web accessibility:
1. Conduct a web accessibility audit: Conduct a comprehensive web accessibility audit to identify all web accessibility barriers.
2. Make a plan: Familiarize yourself with WCAG’s guidelines and work to meet or exceed their standards. Address the issues identified in the audit, prioritizing the most critical issues first.
3. Consider a dedicated accessibility team: Partner with an accessibility team to oversee ongoing web accessibility efforts and ensure compliance with ADA requirements.
4. Train and Education: Educate staff on WCAG best practices and how to maintain accessibility standards moving forward.
5. Regular Monitoring: Continuously monitor your website for accessibility issues and address them promptly.
6. Stay up-to-date: Stay informed about ADA web accessibility requirements and update websites and apps as needed.
Start Your Journey to ADA Compliance

The recent lawsuit against Wayfair is a stark reminder of the importance of web accessibility under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). It’s not just a legal requirement; it’s a moral and business imperative—no matter the size of your business, accessibility matters. The case of Wayfair demonstrates the very real risks of ignoring web accessibility and the potential for costly legal action.

Whether you want to protect against a frivolous ADA accessibility lawsuit or become WCAG 2.1 AA compliant, 216digital has you covered. After years of analyzing ADA lawsuits, we’ve discerned the tactics used by law firms to pinpoint websites for groundless ADA claims and how to protect businesses against them. Our team of accessibility experts can also develop strategies to integrate WCAG 2.1 compliance into your development roadmap on your terms.

Don’t wait for a lawsuit to push you into action. Schedule a Complimentary ADA Strategy Briefing with 216digital to take the first step towards website accessibility.
Greg McNeil

October 26, 2023

Legal Compliance

Accessibility, ADA Compliance, ADA Lawsuit, ADA non-compliance, ADA Website Compliance, Website Accessibility
What Is An Accessibility Statement?
You are making your website’s content accessible to all users, including those with disabilities. But how do you let them know?

An accessibility statement is a way to show your commitment to web accessibility. It provides your users with information about your accessibility plans, letting them know what to expect and what steps they can take if they encounter problems with your online content. But what is an accessibility statement — and does your website need one?

Below, we explore the key components of an effective web accessibility statement, why they are crucial, and how to create one for your website.

What Are Accessibility Statements?

An accessibility statement is a document or webpage on your site that shows your dedication to making the web inclusive for everyone. It’s like a formal promise to ensure that all users, no matter their abilities, can easily use your online content.

In general, it states that your website follows specific standards for accessibility, like the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG). It provides detailed information about your website’s accessibility goals and the steps your company is taking to achieve them.

Think of it as a way to bridge your efforts to make your website accessible and your users’ understanding of those efforts. It’s like a virtual handshake, showing your users that you care about their experience on your site and that you’re working hard to improve it.

Why are Accessibility Statements Important?

Accessibility statements offer a range of benefits, not only for users but also for website owners.

Here are some of the benefits:

Your Commitment to Diversity and Inclusion

An accessibility statement is a tangible way to show your users that you care about their needs — providing them equal access to products, services, and company information.

By proactively communicating your company’s commitment to accessibility will foster trust and loyalty among your potential and existing customers. This can create new opportunities for those who may otherwise not be able to enjoy certain products or services due to a disability.

Encouraging Feedback

Accessibility statements provide users with contact information they can use if they encounter problems. This feedback can be invaluable in addressing specific issues and making your website more user-friendly.

Legal and Ethical Compliance

In many countries, there are legal requirements to make digital content accessible. Publishing an accessibility statement is a step toward compliance. It can be used as evidence of your commitment should the need arise.

Reduce Legal Risk

To the potential plaintiff firm, an accessibility statement serves as a flag to say, “We’re on this. Move along”. There is so much ripe low-hanging fruit that most will skip to the next website on the list.

Transparency

Transparency is key to building trust with your audience. Your accessibility statement should reflect your efforts, showcasing your organization’s values and ethics.

Writing an Accessibility Statement

Writing a solid web accessibility statement comes down to the chosen language, structure, and content.

Language

Accessibility statements are for users of your content — not lawyers or web developers. It is important to make your accessibility statement easy to understand for everyone, regardless of their background or expertise. This means avoiding technical jargon and using clear, simple language while providing useful information.

If you need to refer to a specialized term or phrase, clearly define its functionality and known limitations so readers understand them. For example, words like “WCAG Success Criterion 1.2.2 was not met” may not be familiar to everyone. Instead, it’s essential to explain them in a way that is easy to comprehend, such as “videos do not have captions.”

Tone

Language should also be clear and avoid assumptions about a person’s abilities. Therefore, statements should be written from a third-person perspective and in a professional tone.

Use words that are matter-of-fact and avoid language that could be seen as condescending or patronizing. This will help ensure that all users feel respected and valued and that your commitment to accessibility is communicated in a positive and inclusive way.

Format

Accessibility statements should follow this format:
- Use bold fonts or highlighted phrases to emphasize important parts of the statement. This will make it easier for readers to understand the message.
- Usually, italics are used to highlight technical terms or words related to the WCAG standards mentioned in the statement.
- Instead of long paragraphs, use lists with bullets or numbers to organize and present the main points.
- Add alt text to meaningful images if they are relevant.
Content

The content in an accessibility statement needs to be checked and kept current to make sure it stays accurate and reflects any changes or enhancements made to a website as time goes on.

The W3C-WAI offers a set of details to put in an Accessibility Statement. Normally, these statements include the following:
- Clearly state your commitment to making your website accessible to all users.
- Make it clear what accessibility standard is applied, such as WCAG 2.2
- Provide contact information, like a phone number or email address, for users to reach out if they face any issues.
Depending on your content, you may also want to include other relevant information:
- Summarize your efforts toward web accessibility.
- Environments in which the content has been tested to work, such as specific web browsers or operating systems
- Identify any known barriers or accessibility limitations. Explain the steps you plan to take to improve accessibility, such as ongoing audits, training, and user testing.
- Include a disclaimer that addresses your 3rd party plug-ins or social media sites.
- List the date the accessibility statement was last updated.
You can include as much information as you want, but remember that people will read your Accessibility Statement to find out how accessible your content is. Avoid adding irrelevant content, such as promoting products or services.

Do I Need an Accessibility Statement to be Compliant?

In most cases, the answer is yes. Conformance with accessibility standards, like WCAG, is essential for ensuring an inclusive online experience. While WCAG doesn’t require websites to publish an Accessibility Statement, some non-discrimination laws do.

For example, the European Union’s Web Accessibility Directive requires public websites in the EU to publish Accessibility Statements that follow an established format.

However, suppose one of your goals is compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). In that case, it’s still best to publish an Accessibility Statement even if it isn’t legally required.

An accessibility statement serves as proof of your compliance and your dedication to meeting these standards. A well-written statement can help you show that you value users and your commitment to web accessibility.

What If Our Website Isn’t Accessible Yet? Should We Still Publish a Statement?

Having an accessibility statement on your website is essential, even if your website is not yet fully accessible. It shows your users that you acknowledge the issue and are committed to making your website more accessible.

If your site has not been fully audited and remediated, then to start, you’re going to want to express your intent…. “we are in the process of…. our goal is to…” Your statement should convey your plans to improve and address accessibility issues. Being transparent about the areas where your site falls short and your dedication to improvement can help build trust with your users and demonstrate your commitment to accessibility.

Where to Publish an Accessibility Statement?

Your accessibility statement should be easy to find on your website. Consider placing it in the footer, help menu, and other prominent areas where users can readily find it. Additionally, you should use consistent link names for your accessibility statements to help users recognize them. For example, if the link in your footer is labeled “Accessibility Statement,” so should the link in your help menu.

Make a Statement with 216digital

Accessibility is not just a checkbox; it’s an ongoing journey that requires transparency, communication, and dedication to ensuring a more inclusive online space.

At 216digital, our team is committed to helping you take the steps towards web accessibility on your terms by developing a strategy to integrate WCAG 2.2 compliance into your development roadmap. We offer comprehensive services that not only audit your website for accessibility but also provide solutions to meet ADA compliance requirements.
To learn what more you should do to achieve and maintain accessibility for your terms, schedule a Complimentary ADA Strategy Briefing with the experts at 216digital.
Greg McNeil

October 26, 2023

Testing & Remediation

Accessibility, Accessibility Statment, ADA Compliance, ADA Website Compliance, Website Accessibility
Creating Web Accessible Links
The Internet has always been about connectivity. The links that crisscross every site play a vital role in guiding users as they explore the online realm. As one of the most basic elements of web accessibility, hyperlinks help users navigate to another page to access different types of digital content. While creating hyperlinks is easy, making them web accessible takes careful consideration. But how can we make sure they are accessible to everyone?

What are Descriptive Links?

A descriptive link provides clear information about where the link will take the user. Instead of generic terms like “click here” or “read more,” a descriptive link might say “learn about our sustainability practices” or “view our summer collection.”

Why Use Descriptive Links?

People using screen readers either tab through links or bring up a list. This can take the link out of the context of the surrounding text. However, descriptive link text provides clarity, aiding users with assistive tools in grasping the destination of a link without additional information. By ensuring links are descriptive, users can confidently know the link’s destination, allowing those using assistive technologies to navigate more efficiently.

Types of Links That Need to Be Accessible

There are three types of links that need to be accessible:

Anchor Text

Anchor text is clickable text linking to another page or file. The best practice is to ensure it’s descriptive. For example, instead of “Click here for more information about web accessibility,” use “Learn more about web accessibility.”

Image Links

Images links are clickable images or call-to-action buttons that link to another page or file. When using an image or button, an alternative text (alt text) must describe its purpose. This helps screen readers in conveying the link’s purpose to the user.

Adjacent Links

Adjacent links are two links next to each other that point to the same destination—for example, an image with text beneath it both linking to the same page.

Creating Valid and Accessible Links

Start with Valid HTML

The foundation of any accessible website is its underlying code. Think of your site’s HTML as the skeleton, providing structure and meaning. Just as a well-built house begins with a solid foundation, a fully accessible website starts with clean, valid HTML.

When crafting links, it’s essential to use the correct tags and attributes. The <a> (anchor) tag is the standard for creating links.

Here’s a basic example:
```
<a href="https://www.example.com">Visit our homepage</a>
```
This link is valid and clear, ensuring that screen readers and other assistive devices can interpret and present it correctly to the user.

To be a valid link, it must have the following:
- A href Attribute: The location or URL of the anchor, page, or resource. Without the href attribute, the <a> tag won’t work.
- Link Content Text describing where the link is going. This could be plain text or the alt attribute of an image.
- Opening and closing tags: An opening tag begins the link, and a closing tag ends it. A closing tag always precedes the element with a /.
Write Helpful Link Text

The actual text of your link is crucial for web accessibility. Avoid generic terms like “click here” or “read more.” Instead, aim for descriptive, context-rich text that clearly indicates the link’s destination or purpose.

For example:

Instead of using
```
 <a href= "#">click here</a>.
```
Use:
```
 <a href="#">View our comprehensive guide</a>.
```
This approach benefits those using assistive technologies and improves the user experience for everyone, making your content more intuitive and navigable.

What About the Title Attribute?

The title attribute can provide additional information about a link. However, not all browsers present the title attribute accessibly, so individuals using keyboards or touch-only devices might not see this information. Therefore, using the title attribute on <a> elements is not recommended.

Focus State and Keyboard Navigation

Web accessibility isn’t just about screen readers. Many users use keyboards for navigation due to motor disabilities or personal preferences. It’s essential to ensure that all links are navigable and clearly highlighted when accessed via a keyboard.

This is where the WCAG’s success criteria 2.4.7, focus visible, comes into play. Essentially, when someone tabs through a website using the keyboard, the “focused” element (like a link) should have a clear visual indicator, such as a border or a change in background color.

If you’re using CSS, you might apply a focus style like:
```
a: focus { 
outline: 2px solid black; }
```
This will give a black outline to any link that’s currently selected via keyboard navigation.

Moreover, make sure that the tab order (the sequence in which elements are selected when tabbing through) is logical and follows the flow of your content.

When Should You Use a Button Instead?

Links and buttons are often used interchangeably on the web. However, they serve distinct purposes:
- Links: Primarily navigate users from one page or resource to another.
- Buttons: Used for actions like submitting a form, opening a popup, or toggling content.
From an accessibility standpoint, it’s essential to use them appropriately. Screen reader users, for instance, might need clarification if a link behaves like a button or vice versa.

So, if you’re leading users to a different resource, use a link. Consider using a button if you’re prompting an action on the same page.

Designing Accessible Buttons and Linked Images

Design plays a significant role in digital accessibility. For buttons and linked images:
1. Clear Labels: Ensure every button or link has a clear label. This assists not just visually impaired users but everyone. “Read more” is often ambiguous. Instead, be specific, like “Read more about web accessibility.”
2. Contrast: Make sure there’s enough contrast between the button’s link text and its background. This helps people with visual impairments and disabilities easily identify and read content.
3. Descriptive Alt Text for Linked Images: If an image acts as a link, ensure it has descriptive alternative text. This allows screen reader users to understand the purpose of the link. For instance, instead of “image1.jpg”, use “Click to view our accessibility guide.”
4. Focus Indicators: Ensure links and buttons have a visible focus indicator. This helps keyboard-only users identify which element is currently in focus.
Understanding Touch Target Size Accessibility

Touch target is the area that responds to a user can press or click. It’s especially vital for touchscreen devices. Here’s what you should consider:
1. Minimum Size: According to many WCAG guidelines, the touch target size should be at least 24×24 pixels. This ensures even users with motor disabilities can easily tap the element.
2. Spacing: Ensure there’s enough space between tappable elements. Crowded links or buttons can lead to mistaken taps or clicks, frustrating users.
3. Visual Feedback: When a user taps a link or button, provide visual feedback, like a color change, so they know their tap was successful.
4. Font Size: The smallest acceptable font size is 14 points, but anything between 14 to 18 points, or equivalently 18.5 to 24 pixels, is considered compliant by WCAG.
Take the Next Steps Toward Web Accessibility

The digital realm has evolved, and web accessibility has emerged as a fundamental right, not just a trend. Making your website accessible isn’t just about compliance but inclusion. It’s about ensuring everyone can access and enjoy the content you’ve painstakingly created, regardless of their abilities. And while the nuances of accessibility can seem daunting, there are experts available to assist you.

216digital has been at the forefront of web accessibility, armed with the tools, knowledge, and experience to make your online space both compliant and welcoming for all. We will help you take the steps towards web accessibility on your terms by developing a strategy to integrate WCAG 2.1 compliance into your development roadmap.

So, if you’re committed to creating a digital space where everyone feels valued, don’t leave it to chance. Schedule a Complimentary ADA Strategy Briefing with the experts at 216digital, where web accessibility is more than just a checklist—it’s a mission.
Greg McNeil

October 10, 2023

How-to Guides

Accessibility, ADA Compliance, ADA Website Compliance, Links, Web Accessible Links, web development, Website Accessibility
The ADA’s New Shift Towards Web Accessibility
In an age where our online and offline worlds are increasingly intertwined, ensuring web accessibility for all is not just a matter of convenience—it’s a matter of civil rights. Enter the U.S. Department of Justice, which is poised to take a monumental step toward making the virtual world more inclusive. As they gear up to propose a new ADA Title II Web Accessibility Rule, we delve deep into its implications and the future landscape of digital accessibility.

What is the American with Disability Act?

The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), enacted in 1990 by President George H.W. Bush, is a civil rights law that prohibits discrimination against individuals with disabilities in all areas of public life. This includes jobs, schools, transportation, and public or private places open to the public. The primary goal of this law is to ensure that people with disabilities have the same rights and opportunities as everyone else.

For instance, the law required that employees with disabilities have the adjustments they need at work, that those with hearing or sight issues can communicate effectively, and that buildings are accessible.

Often, we think of the ADA in terms of physical places. But what about online spaces, like websites?

Is ADA Compliance Mandatory for Websites?

From the start, we knew the ADA would impact physical stores, but it wasn’t clear if it would also apply to websites and online apps. As the internet became a major way for customers to connect with businesses, the rules for ADA and website accessibility had to evolve.

Redefining the ADA

In late 2021 and early 2022, the Department of Justice (DOJ) made several agreements about making COVID-19 vaccine websites more accessible. The DOJ stated that the ADA’s requirements should apply to all goods and services offered by public accommodations, including those provided online.

Up to this point, the absence of clear standards has caused confusion about what “ADA compliance” means for online content. This has led to inconsistent rulings in federal courts and has caused many businesses, numbering in the tens of thousands, to face predatory litigation.

The Department of Justice and Web Accessibility

The DOJ, responsible for enforcing parts of the ADA, recently explained its stance on website accessibility. In March 2022, they shared guidelines on this topic. They emphasized that the ADA’s rules do apply to online content.

However, they didn’t set clear standards for what makes a website compliant. In fact, the DOJ mentioned they don’t have a detailed set of rules. Still, they believe the ADA’s general principles of fairness and clear communication should apply to websites.

Despite this, the DOJ’s March 2022 guidelines didn’t spell out clear options or ways businesses can make sure their websites are accessible. They only cited third-party resources, which do not have the force of law.

WCAG is the Golden Standard for Web Accessibility

In the absence of set standards, the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG 2.0 & 2.1) Level A.A. has become the go-to standard. Many federal courts recognize WCAG as a trusted guideline for making websites accessible. In fact, many website-related lawsuits end with an agreement to follow WCAG standards.

Although WCAG is widely respected, it’s not legally binding. A private international industry group, not a government body, creates and maintains these guidelines.

DOJ Proposes New ADA Web Accessibility Rule

On July 25, 2023, the 33rd year since the ADA was introduced, the DOJ proposed a rule to improve online services offered by state and local governments more accessible.

This marks the first time in the history of the ADA that the DOJ has proposed rule on website accessibility. The DOJ recognizes that many online services have left out people with disabilities in the past. This new rule aims to set clear guidelines for all state and local government programs, services, and activities accessible.

What Does the New Ruling Include?

The proposed rule is expected to give clear technical guidelines on how to make websites more accessible. According to a White House statement, this will include adding text descriptions of images for those using screen readers, putting captions on videos, and allowing keyboard-only navigation for those with limited mobility.

President Joe Biden shared on X (formerly Twitter): “Our Administration’s new proposed web accessibility rule will improve online accessibility to state and local services for nearly 50 million people with vision, hearing, cognitive, and manual dexterity disabilities – One more step towards a more inclusive and accessible America”.

The details of this rule will be available in the Federal Register. The public can share their thoughts on it for 60 days at regulations.gov

Impact of the New ADA Web Accessibility Rule

The new rule will affect public programs and services like employment, education, voting, healthcare, and transportation schedules. Its primary goals are to:
1. Students with disabilities can fully understand and access their class materials, even in advanced subjects like math and science.
2. Upgrade voter registration websites so that those with disabilities can easily sign up on their own.
3. Provide better online information about buses and trains to assist people with disabilities in commuting.
During a press conference, Associate Attorney General Vanita Gupta emphasized, “[I]t is now more important than ever to ensure that there are clear standards for what state and local programs must do to make their online programs, services, and activities accessible to people with disabilities.”

What Online Businesses Must Keep in Mind

The DOJ has introduced a new rule aimed at making sure everyone, including those with disabilities, can use online content easily and fairly. This rule not only sets a clear legal standard but also addresses other online accessibility issues. This includes the role of third-party content creators, when making a website accessible might be too difficult, and grace periods for fixing sites.

Right now, this rule is only for state and local government groups under Title II of the ADA. However, private businesses, often covered by Title III, might soon have to follow similar standards. So, private companies should keep an eye on this rule as it might hint at future regulations for them.

Preparing for the Future with 216digital

Regardless of where you are on your journey, we’re here to help. At 216digital, we can help develop a strategy to integrate WCAG 2.1 compliance into your development roadmap on your terms. To learn more about how the ADA experts at 216digital can help build an ADA WCAG 2.1 compliance strategy to achieve ongoing, real-world accessibility on your terms, schedule a complementary ADA Strategy Briefing today.
Greg McNeil

October 5, 2023

Legal Compliance

Accessibility, ADA Compliance, ADA non-compliance, ADA Website Compliance, Website Accessibility
Heading Towards Web Accessible Content
Content is the backbone of your website. You’ve crafted a brilliant website or churned out stellar content, but have you ever paused to consider if everyone can access and experience it? If your website’s content is not easy to find, navigate, and consume, you risk losing visitors and potential earnings.

The importance of having web accessible content and structure can’t be stressed enough. If you’re new to this concept, fret not! This article shares the basics of building user-friendly web page content, from accessible headings to typography.

Semantic HTML

Have you ever wondered how screen readers help visually impaired users navigate websites? It all boils down to the magic of Semantic HTML.

HTML, or HyperText Markup Language, is the foundation of your website. It’s the code behind the scenes that structures your website’s content. Using semantic HTML elements correctly is like setting a well-organized table for dinner: everything is in its right place, and the guests know where to find what they need.

What is Semantic HTML?

Semantic HTML enhances the accessibility and user-friendliness of web content. It gives context and meaning to web page content using tags that align with human language and logic instead of non-semantic tags, which are meant solely for computer interpretation and don’t hold inherent human meaning.

Take the tag <p> for instance. This semantic tag denotes that a specific text block is a standalone paragraph, providing users with clarity about the text’s structure and informing the browser on how to present it. On the other hand, non-semantic tags like <b>, which merely instructs that the text be bold, dictate only visual presentation without conveying additional contextual significance.

Why Semantic HTML Matters

Well-structured and semantically sound HTML aids search engines and assistive tools like screen readers in deciphering the nature and context of the content you’re sharing. Such HTML constructs make it simpler for browsers and accessibility technologies to grasp the meaning and interrelations within your website content.

To illustrate, through semantic HTML, screen readers can identify the hierarchy of headers on a page (from <h1> to <h6>), determine where the webpage or section footer (<footer>) is, or discern added navigation aids (<nav>) in data tables.

With such semantic guidance in HTML, people using assistive technologies will be able to comprehend the layout and intent of your web content. In fact, heading navigation is very common. The 2021 Screen Reader User Survey by WebAIM, shows that 67.7% of users use headings to find information.

Page Formatting

A well-structured webpage isn’t just visually appealing; it’s easier to understand and navigate. Think of your website as a book. It becomes easier to follow with a proper table of contents and clear headings.

What are Headings?

One of the fundamental elements in creating web accessible content is the proper use of headings. Headings aren’t just big, bold text. They’re the signposts that guide readers through your content. Think of headings as the chapter titles in a book. You wouldn’t flip open a book and find chapters named randomly. Similarly, your web content should be clearly labeled in your HTML markup.

A clear, well-structured heading system aids those using assistive technology and benefits your average reader by allowing them to skim and understand the flow of your content quickly.

What Does “Hierarchical” Mean?

At its core, a hierarchical structure means organizing content in a specific order or rank. In the context of a webpage, this refers to the arrangement of headings from most to least important. For instance, just like a tree has a trunk, main branches, and then smaller branches, your content should have a main heading, subheadings, and further divisions if necessary.

The h1 is the most important heading level, while the h6 is the least. For example, you will use h1 for the page title, whereas h2 would be a subheading and so forth if needed. The hierarchical structure allows both readers and screen readers to navigate through content easily.

One h1 per Page

The cardinal rule of web accessibility is that there should be only one main heading (h1) per page. Like a book’s title, this serves as the page’s main topic or purpose. Subtopics or related points should be categorized under subheadings like h2, h3, etc.

Having multiple h1s on a web page is bad practice for accessibility and SEO. It creates a flat and meaningless structure. However, it’s not a WCAG 2 AA violation.

WCAG on Headings

The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) is the go-to standard for web accessibility. However, WCAG is not very specific on its requirements for headings.

However, a few WCAG 2 AA criteria do specifically address headings and structures. For instance:
- Success Criterion 2.4.6 Headings and labels: Ensure headings and labels aid users in navigating content and understanding their current location by clearly describing the topic or objective
- Success Criterion 3.2.3 Consistent Navigation Level: When navigation elements are repeated across different pages within a site, they should maintain a consistent order unless the user decides to alter it.
- Success Criterion 1.3.1 Info and Relationships: The information and its structural relations provided visually should also be discernible through its code. This implies the necessity of using the correct HTML tags, like h1 through h6, to represent heading levels.
In essence, headings should be used to define content clearly and should be applied in a consistent and meaningful manner. Doing so aids all users, especially those using screen readers, in navigating and comprehending a website more effectively.

What Makes Good Heading Text?

A screen reader user can access a list of headings and skim through them to decide where to start reading on a webpage. While there is no accessibility requirement for the length of a heading text, usability is a factor to consider.

Making complete paragraphs into headings results in a horrible screen reader experience. Write concise, meaningful headings that provide insight into the content.

When you are generating your headings, ask yourself the following:
- Does the header describe the content being discussed?
- Are you able to skim the content using only headings?
- Does every page have a clear and unique heading above the content?
Headings in Design

Here are some factors to consider when incorporating headings into your website’s design.

Using Heading Labels for Styling

When used appropriately, headings guide the reader through the content, highlighting the main topics and their relative importance. However, choosing heading levels based on their visual appearance or sizing rather than their semantic meaning is a common mistake.

For example, using an h2 tag simply because it looks “right” visually rather than because it denotes the second level of importance or hierarchy is misguided. This can confuse both users and assistive technologies, making content less accessible.

All Caps

Using all capital letters makes the text more challenging to read. When every word is in uppercase, it loses its unique shape and starts to look like a rectangle. Research has shown that text in all caps is particularly hard for those with dyslexia. Make life easy for your readers; avoid using all capital letters.

Crafting Web Accessible Content with 216digital

Navigating the intricacies of web accessibility can be challenging, but the rewards are immense. An accessible website is not just a legal obligation but an opportunity for your voice to be heard. Your content is valuable, and it should be accessible to everyone. If you’re still unsure where to start or how to enhance your website’s accessibility, the experts at 216digital are here to help.

If you’d like to talk further about your web accessibility initiative, Schedule a Complimentary ADA Strategy Briefing with the experts at 216digital. We will help you take the steps towards making your content web accessible on your terms by developing a strategy to integrate WCAG 2.1 compliance into your development roadmap.
Greg McNeil

October 5, 2023

How-to Guides

Accessibility, ADA Compliance, ADA Website Compliance, web development, Website Accessibility, Website Accessibility Tools
Understanding the New California Assembly Bill
Web accessibility is a topic that’s gaining significant traction in the digital landscape. If you’re a website owner, it’s essential to be aware of the ongoing changes in legislation, particularly the New California Assembly Bill. Why? Because these changes have the potential to affect your online business directly.

The New California Assembly Bill is a groundbreaking law focusing on making the web more accessible, not just for California but for everyone. But what does this mean for website owners?

What is the New California Assembly Bill?

On June 12, 2023, the California Assembly’s Judiciary Committee changed a proposed law, Assembly Bill (AB) 1757. AB 1757 has been completely revised from its original content. Initially, it proposed changes to laws associated with the court system. However, its current version has replaced that content with the language from AB 950, a bill that previously didn’t pass the house.

This change introduces new requirements for all websites and mobile apps of “business establishments” to meet certain accessibility guidelines, known as WCAG 2.1 Level AA.

The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines are internationally shared guidelines for improving web accessibility.WCAG included specific checkpoints and recommendations based on a principle-based approach to ensure all users can share the same experience regardless of disability or assistive software

But there is already well-established legislation for web accessibility. How is AB 1757 different?

Change in the Legal Landscape

While web accessibility has been a concern for many years, the new bill could profoundly change the legal landscape. By requiring conformance with WCAG 2.1, the bill would establish firm technical requirements for website accessibility. However, it would allow people with disabilities and businesses to sue third-party developers if they create non-compliant apps and websites.

People with disabilities could take legal action if a website stops them from getting the same access as everyone else. But these ideas aren’t new and already exist in legislation. So, businesses aren’t getting any unique advantages from this part of the bill. What’s really changing is that there will be more legal risks for companies and their website developers if they don’t follow the WCAG 2.1 AA guidelines.

A Supplement for California’s Unruh Act

California’s Unruh Act is a landmark civil rights bill that prevents businesses from discriminating against individuals based on sex, race, color, religion, and disability. If a company violates the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), it also infringes the Unruh Act. However, a recent court decision stated that the Unruh Act does not apply to online-only businesses.

With the introduction of the new California Assembly Bill, there is an extension in this space, but with a specific focus on web accessibility. The new bill supplements the Unruh Act by bringing digital spaces into the fold. It recognizes that, in today’s age, discrimination can also occur in online environments — regardless of whether those organizations have a physical office in the state.

The Impact on Online Business Owners

If you’re an online business owner, especially in California, this new bill might impact you in more ways than one:

WCAG 2.1 AA Becomes the National Standard

The bill has adopted the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.1 AA as the de facto standard. You might face legal implications if your website or mobile app violates these guidelines.

This is a tall order considering that federal government websites only need to meet the less demanding WCAG 2.0 Level AA requirements. But according to the DOJ, many websites don’t even do that. Moreover, because all websites in the United States can be accessed in California, WCAG 2.1 AA will become the legal national standard for website accessibility.

No Transition Period

Once the bill becomes law, businesses won’t have a ‘grace period.’ Immediate compliance will be expected, so companies should be proactive in ensuring their digital platforms comply with WCAG 2.1 AA, or you might be at risk.

No Specific Provisions for Small Businesses

While accessibility is crucial, the bill doesn’t necessarily consider the potential undue hardship on small businesses. Many need more money or know-how to update their websites to meet and maintain WCAG 2.1 AA standards. Even the DOJ acknowledges that some small businesses might need more time to make these changes.

The threat of legal exposure might result in small businesses removing their websites, which could hurt their ability to drive customers to their business.

Potential Cost Increase for Web Development

One of the less-discussed implications is the potential liability for website and mobile app developers. If developers knowingly construct, license, distribute, or maintain a digital platform that fails to comply with WCAG 2.1 Level AA could be held accountable.

While this will likely incentivize developers to create compliant websites, it will also drive the cost of website development higher. This increase in pricing is due to the need for specialized skills and tools to ensure that sites and apps meet the required accessibility standards.

While upfront costs might be higher, ensuring your website is accessible can save potential litigation costs down the road. Furthermore, a more accessible website means a broader audience can engage with your content, leading to potential growth in business.

What Does This Mean For Website Owners?

If you’re a website owner, especially one with a limited understanding of web accessibility, you might feel overwhelmed. But here’s the deal:

Web and digital accessibility isn’t just about compliance; it’s about inclusivity. By ensuring your website is accessible, you’re expanding your audience base, catering to a broader demographic, and reinforcing your brand’s commitment to equality.

Yes, the initial steps toward compliance might seem daunting. And while the bill might not explicitly factor in the undue hardship on small businesses, it’s essential to recognize that accessibility is an ongoing journey, not a destination. Start with small steps:
- Educate Yourself: Understand the basics of WCAG 2.1 AA guidelines. They’re not as complex as they sound. Many online resources break them down into easily digestible recommendations.
- Seek Expertise: If you’re unsure about your website’s compliance, consider getting an accessibility audit. These audits, conducted by professionals, provide actionable recommendations.
- Developer Communication: If you’re in the process of building or revamping your website, communicate with your developers about the importance of accessibility. Remember, awareness is the first step.
Find Out If Your Website is WCAG-compliant

Recognizing the growing need for web accessibility compliance, companies like 216digital are at the forefront of web accessibility remediation. Leveraging years of experience and specialized tools, we can help you navigate the often complex waters of digital accessibility.

We will help develop a strategy to integrate WCAG 2.1 compliance into your development roadmap on your terms so that you can focus on the other tasks on your to-do list. Not only will they ensure your website meets the required standards, but we can also guide you in maintaining this standard in the future.

If you need clarification on whether your site complies with AB 1757’s WCAG 2.1 level-AA criteria, contact 216digital for a complementary ADA Strategy Briefing. We can help determine if your website is at risk of a lawsuit and offer fast and effective ADA compliance solutions that ensure your site is accessible to everyone and reduce your risk of litigation — letting you focus on what you do best.
Greg McNeil

August 25, 2023

Legal Compliance
An Insight On 2023 Digital Accessibility Lawsuits

Navigating the online marketplace as a business owner has never been more intricate. The echoing chime of “web accessibility lawsuit” has grown louder this year, and for many, the threat of a web accessibility lawsuit looms large.

Web accessibility, once a buzzword for the tech-savvy, is now a focal point for every online entrepreneur. And if the stats from 2023’s mid-year report are anything to go by, ignorance is not bliss. In fact, it’s downright risky.

Let’s dive deep into the data, exploring everything from the uptick in ADA non-compliance lawsuits to the pivotal “Dear Colleague” Letter recently released. In today’s digital world, being informed isn’t just advantageous—it’s essential.

Digital Accessibility Lawsuits Are on the Rise

The numbers are in, and they’re striking: An estimated 4,220 digital accessibility lawsuits are predicted by the end of 2023. This marks a staggering 182% rise from the 2,314 cases in 2018. This trend has shown no signs of slowing down. In fact, it’s only gaining momentum, especially in states like New York, Florida, and California.

This sunshine state has recorded a whopping 228 web accessibility lawsuit filings in just the first half of 2023. That’s a 30% increase from the 160 lawsuits filed in the first half of 2022. This trend highlights the imperative for businesses to be compliant, especially if they operate in these states.

But how can this data help online business owners? Let’s look at how websites are targeted in 2023 to help you mitigate the risk of an ADA lawsuit.

Which Industries Are Most at Risk?

From e-commerce platforms where seamless user experiences drive sales to educational institutions striving for inclusive online learning environments, the pressure to ensure equal access intensifies. With both legal implications and ethical considerations at stake, let’s delve deeper into which industries are most at risk in the current landscape.

E-commerce At The Forefront

E-commerce platforms are the usual suspects when it comes to ADA non-compliance cases. The U.S. Census Bureau’s Annual Retail Trade Survey (ARTS) highlighted a significant shift in consumer habits during the pandemic, leading to a 43% surge in e-commerce sales within its first year.

With the world shopping online more than ever, the demand for accessible e-commerce sites has never been higher. Since 2018, 406 of the top 500 e-commerce retailers have been hit with ADA digital lawsuits, with a striking 13% filed just this year.

These sites often become targets for digital accessibility lawsuits due to their vast online presence, intricate nature, ever-evolving content, and multi-platform structure. However, it’s crucial for e-commerce business owners to emphasize web accessibility, not only to avoid legal complications but also to ensure a positive customer experience.

For an in-depth look at e-commerce ADA litigation, check out our article “Retail is the Prime Target for ADA Web Accessibility Lawsuits.”

Industries in Focus: The Shift to Education

While e-commerce is a frequent target, there’s been a notable shift in the industries being targeted. In 2023, the education sector experienced a surge in legal cases, positioning it as the third most frequently sued industry. With increasing focus on accessibility within higher education and significant lawsuits against universities, this trend is expected.

The joint letter, “Dear Colleague,” from the Department of Education (DOE) and the Department of Justice (DOJ) in May 2023 delivered a comprehensive assessment of the relationship between the ADA and Section 504 and the online content produced by tertiary institutions.

This May 2023 document clarifies the requirements universities and colleges must adhere to remain ADA-compliant. Furthermore, the letter underscores the DOE and DOJ’s commitment to pursue institutions that fall short of compliance firmly. In line with the DOJ’s impending updates about online accessibility, this reinforces the importance of web accessibility in education.

Small Companies Bear the Brunt

Size doesn’t matter when it comes to ADA non-compliance. In fact, smaller companies with revenues under $25 million have been on the receiving end. They accounted for 77% of ADA non-compliance cases in the first half of 2023.

This figure will likely rise, as many large companies have already been the target of an ADA lawsuit in the past four years. They have since remediated their digital platforms and developed comprehensive accessibility initiatives.

This proves that no company is too small to be overlooked. As we enter the second half of 2023, smaller companies must begin taking action to make their online presence fully accessible. This is especially crucial as legal plaintiffs and firms shift their focus from just the large e-commerce players to a broader range.

Web Accessibility Widgets: A Double-Edged Sword?

Many businesses have adopted accessibility widgets in an attempt to meet ADA standards. However, these widgets haven’t been the magic solution many hoped for. Lawsuits against companies using these tools surged to 414 this year from 336 in 2022.

The trend of filing ADA complaints and lawsuits against companies using accessibility widgets will likely continue, as full ADA or WCAG compliance cannot be achieved using overlays or widgets alone.

One of the biggest problems with accessibility widgets is that they do not address the inherent access barriers on websites. While most of these issues are invisible to most users, they are significant barriers for people with disabilities.

Moreover, overlays can only detect 30% of web accessibility errors. Unfortunately, the WCAG guidelines are too complex for overlay tools to provide the robust modifications required. The remaining 70% of the issues are seen only through manual testing.

For more information about the risks of overlay widgets, check out our article, Why AI & Overlay Widgets Fail ADA Website Compliance.

Why the Surge in Web Accessibility Lawsuits?

The ADA’s legal scope concerning digital accessibility remains somewhat ambiguous, leaving substantial room for interpretation. Established in 1990, the ADA predates the Internet’s widespread use, leading many to believe it was solely for physical establishments. However, the digital landscape has drastically evolved since the ADA’s inception.

The Internet is indispensable today, offering avenues for communication, entertainment, goods, and services. With countless businesses operating online, inaccessible websites mean individuals with disabilities miss out on a significant societal aspect, making businesses susceptible to legal actions.

The rising number of lawsuits against companies not offering inclusive web interfaces, coupled with the DOJ’s active participation in verdicts against them, indicates the ADA’s relevance to online platforms. Notably, the DOJ’s prospective Title II regulations and President Biden’s emphasis on online accessibility in July of this year have further underscored its importance. If companies remain non-compliant, the surge in lawsuits is likely to persist.

Reduce Your Risk with 216digital

In today’s digital age, web accessibility is more crucial than ever. As an online business owner, it’s essential to recognize the significance of ADA compliance, both ethically and legally. Investing in web accessibility widens your customer base and shields you from potential legal repercussions.

Now is the time to act, as the cost of non-compliance could be detrimental.
Whether you want to protect against a frivolous ADA accessibility lawsuit or become WCAG 2.1 AA compliant, 216digital has you covered. After years of analyzing ADA lawsuits, we’ve discerned the tactics used by law firms to pinpoint websites for groundless ADA claims and how to protect businesses against them. Our team of accessibility experts can also develop strategies to integrate WCAG 2.1 compliance into your development roadmap on your terms. So don’t wait any longer—find out where you stand by scheduling a complementary ADA Strategy Briefing today.

Greg McNeil

August 25, 2023

Legal Compliance
Does Your Image Need Alt Text to be Web Accessible?
Images are the bread and butter for any website. You put a lot of time and effort into creating engaging visual content for your audiences. But that’s only half of the battle — making your content accessible to as many people as possible is the other half.

Despite the accelerated pace of the digital era, many businesses and organizations still lag behind in making their websites accessible to people with disabilities. This is partly due to the lack of awareness and/or technical knowledge of different web accessibility barriers and how to solve them.

What happens when your users have visual impairments? How do they receive and understand this visual information?

In this article, we answer one of the most commonly asked questions — does my image need alt text to be web accessible?

Image Types And Alternative Text

Before we analyze an image for web accessibility, we must first take a step back and think about its purpose. Is it to inform, evoke emotion, serve as a link, or just for visual appeal?

To understand how to make the image accessible for users with assistive technologies (AT) like screen readers, ask:
- “What is the message the image is trying to convey?”
- “Is the message simple or complex, emotional or actionable?”
An online tool like an image decision tree can help categorize your image. Or, think about if the image disappeared. Would you still understand the content’s meaning without it?

If the answer is yes, the image is purely decorative. However, the image is necessary if the image provides the user with valuable information and context.

Once you determine what kind of image you are working with, there are some basic web accessibility guidelines to consider.

Decorative Images

There is a lot to consider when it comes to decorative images. If you find yourself saying, “But what about X? or “How about Y?” you might need to reevaluate your image as it might not be decorative.

One of the most challenging images to categorize tends to fall in the “emotional” or “mood” category since these images are more subjective. What one person considers decorative, another might consider informative. So, use your best judgment.

Hiding Decorative Images

While decorative images can enhance visual appeal, they don’t convey any meaningful information. If the image is decorative, then programmatically, the image needs to be hidden from assistive technology.

There are several ways to hide alternative text, including using empty or null alt (alt=””), using ARIA role=” presentation”, or implementing the image as a CSS background. This will signal the AT device to ignore this image as it is not vital to understanding the content.

However, it’s important to note that an empty or null alternative text attribute is not the same as a missing attribute. If the alternative text attribute is missing, the AT device might read the file name or surrounding content instead to provide the user with more information about the image.

While aria-hidden= “true” is an option, be cautious, as it will remove the entire element from the accessibility API.

Informative Images

If you decide your image is informative, there are a lot more things to consider. Visually impaired individuals often rely on screen readers to navigate the web. These devices read out textual content, but they can’t “see” images. To bridge this gap, we must have programmatically-discernible alternative text within the website’s HTML.

Alt text is a brief description that conveys the essential information of an image. But having alternate text is not enough — it must also be meaningful. For example, the alt text for a picture of a woman baking might be” Woman baking” — does that convey the whole message? Instead, the alt text should be “Racheal Ray preparing chocolate chip cookies.”

Of course, AT users will have to listen to your alternative text, so do not go overboard. While your descriptions should paint a vivid picture for the user, limiting the number of characters to only 150 is best practice. If you need to add more context to the image, you can use other, more descriptive methods to add more detail.

To learn more about writing alt text, check out our blog post, Understanding Image Alt Text Descriptions.

Charts, Graphs, and Other Complex Images

Sometimes written copy is part of an image, such as in the case of charts, graphs, or diagrams. These images contain too much information to fit into an alt-text description. Instead, you need two parts to describe them. The first part is a short description to identify the image and, if required, the location of the long description. A long description is a textual representation of the essential information conveyed by the image.

Description Containing Structured Information

We can use the <figure> and <figcaption> to associate visible text with an image. When using <figure> and <figcaption>, the alt attribute can be more minimal, and the <figcaption> can be more expressive.

This approach provides a link next to the image that will send the user to a separate web page or a section containing a more detailed description of the image. However, the link text must clarify the destination and associate it with the image. The <figure> and <figcaption> elements can also be used for groups of images.

To identify the complex image, we can also provide accessible names to the image programmatically using the aria-describedby attribute. AT devices will ignore the image’s alt text when these attributes are present and read the ARIA label instead without forcing the users to leave the page. However, this approach can only work if the long description is text-only and does not require structural information.

Meeting Image Accessibility Standards

In an increasingly digital world, ensuring that every user, irrespective of their ability, can access and understand your content is paramount. Ignoring the significant segment of people with disabilities is not only a detriment to your brand’s inclusivity but also a missed opportunity for engagement and growth.

Partnering with 216digital takes the complexity out of the equation, providing expert guidance, tools, and techniques tailored to your needs. We understand that every aspect of your site requires thoughtful consideration, and we’re ready to assist you every step of the way. Don’t leave your web accessibility to chance; schedule a Complimentary ADA Strategy Briefing with our team today, and let us help you make your site truly accessible for everyone.
Greg McNeil

August 10, 2023

How-to Guides, WCAG Compliance

Accessibility, ADA Compliance, ADA Website Compliance, Alt text, Image Alt Text, Website Accessibility
Are Bots Sending Web Accessibility Demand Letters?
Web accessibility has increasingly become a focal point for online businesses in recent years. In the digital era, the importance of making sure every user has access to web content cannot be overstated. But what happens when this rightful concern becomes a potential legal pitfall for businesses?

A recent wave of demand letters related to web accessibility has left many business owners questioning their source. Are they from genuine concerned human plaintiffs, or are bots behind them?

What are Web Accessibility Demand Letters?

For those unfamiliar, a web accessibility demand letter is a legal notice sent to businesses alleging that their website is inaccessible according to the standards set by the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). If true, these businesses must take specific actions to become compliant or face potential legal action. This can not only dent their reputation but also incur substantial legal fees.

The number of businesses receiving these letters has increased exponentially in recent years. In 2022, more than 1,500 demand letters were sent per week. While many of these lawsuits are initiated by people with disabilities, many have questioned whether these letters are starting to come from bots.

The Wave of Demand Letters

Ogletree Deakins, a reputable legal firm, has recently noticed some unusual patterns in the series of web accessibility demand letters received by their clients. The consistency in the phrasing, formatting, and even the nature of the complaints has led them to question if these are genuinely from diverse plaintiffs or if there’s a more automated process at play.

According to Ogletree Deakins, bots may use artificial intelligence (A.I.) to scan websites for potential violations of the ADA quickly. This could allow plaintiffs to pursue hundreds of ADA claims at once, pressuring businesses to settle those claims before they lead to litigation.

What are Automated Tools?

Automated accessibility audits are tools designed to test websites for compliance with ADA guidelines. These tools can scan hundreds of web pages quickly to identify potential violations. Could plaintiffs use these tools to test large numbers of websites for ADA violations? The answer is yes, and here’s how.

Automated tools are efficient at identifying general issues with web accessibility, such as missing alt text for images, incorrect use of headings, or other standard HTML violations. While these tools might not catch every nuance of a site’s accessibility, they can provide a quick overview, potentially leading to web accessibility demand letters.

For more information about automated tools, check out our blog post, Are Web Accessibility Testing Tools Enough to Ensure Compliance.

The Problem with Bots Using Automated Tools

While it is conceivable that a plaintiff could use an automated tool to test websites for ADA violations, there is one major issue. Automated tools have substantial limitations.

Even the best-automated tools are prone to false positives. For example, an automated test could identify missing alt text for images. However, not all images are required to have alt text. Humans often must determine whether alt text is necessary, and A.I. is currently incapable of making those decisions.

Automated tools are a valuable part of thorough accessibility remediation. Their limitations could make them a poor tool for filing massive waves of lawsuits, exposing potential law firms to penalties for filing fraudulent claims.

However, this also brings into question whether a person with no intention to use a business’s products or services can file an ADA non-compliance lawsuit.

The Concept of a “Tester”

There have been instances where individuals, referred to as “testers“, detect ADA violations even when they have no real intention of using a business’s products or services. A prominent example is the case of Acheson Hotels, LLC v. Deborah Laufer, where the legitimacy of the plaintiff’s intent came into question.

The U.S. Supreme Court will likely weigh in on that question in the coming months. Depending on the outcome of that case, the prospect of bots generating demand letters doesn’t seem far-fetched.

But what could this mean for website owners?

What Does This Mean for Website Owners?

For online business owners, the implications are significant. If your website isn’t ADA compliant, the risk isn’t just alienating potential customers but also facing potential litigation. The growing number of demand letters and lawsuits highlights the urgency of making your website accessible to all users, including those with disabilities. However, the question remains: should businesses react to these seemingly “copycat.”

Should You React To These Copycat Claims?

With the specter of potential bot-generated demand letters and ADA lawsuits, website owners are in a precarious position. While it’s crucial not to panic, it’s equally vital to take these claims seriously. Dismissing them offhand could lead to legal complications and considerable costs.

If you receive a web accessibility demand letter:
- Consult an Expert: Before taking any steps, consult a legal expert knowledgeable in ADA compliance and web accessibility.
- Assess Your Website: Use automated and manual audits to gauge your site’s accessibility. Automated tools offer a quick overview, but human evaluations provide in-depth insight.
- Document Everything: Keep a record of all improvements and changes made to ensure accessibility. This will be beneficial in defending your business if faced with litigation.
A New Landscape for Web Accessibility

The fear of bots sending web accessibility demand letters is not unfounded. Automated tools and the emergence of “tester” lawsuits have created a new landscape that online business owners must navigate. The primary concern for businesses should be clear: make your websites accessible. Whether the threat comes from genuine users or automated tools, ensuring compliance is not just a legal necessity but also a testament to a company’s commitment to inclusivity and equality.

Partnering with Experts: 216digital

If you’ve received an ADA demand letter, we’re here to help. Through our years of experience in the trenches analyzing and studying these cases, we can determine how ADA non-compliance lawsuit firms identify their targets and how to protect your business. At 216digital, we will develop a strategy to integrate WCAG 2.1 compliance into your development roadmap on your terms so you can continue focusing on what matters most: running your business.
Scheduling a 15-minute complimentary website audit and consultation with our experts at 216digital.
Greg McNeil

August 8, 2023

Legal Compliance

Accessibility, ADA Compliance, ADA Lawsuit, ADA non-compliance, ADA Website Compliance, Website Accessibility
ADA Web Compliance Demand Letters
As an online business owner, you’ve likely heard about the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). You understand its importance and that your website needs to be accessible to all users, including those with disabilities. However, when a website is found to be in violation of the ADA, its owner can face legal repercussions.

These may include receiving a demand letter.

But what should you do if you receive one? Who sends them? And how do you adequately address what is stated in the letter?

In this guide, we’ll cover everything you need to know about ADA website compliance demand letters. We’ll explain what a demand letter is, who sends them, and how to respond.

What is ADA Web Compliance?

Before we dive into the specifics of ADA web compliance demand letters, let’s first explore what ADA website compliance means. ADA stands for the Americans with Disabilities Act, which was enacted into law in 1990. This Act seeks to prohibit discrimination against people with disabilities in all public and private places open to the general public.

Although the ADA law was enacted before the internet became widely used, U.S. court decisions have extended the law’s scope to include websites and online platforms. Unfortunately, the DOJ has failed to formally adopt a set of standards or legal guidelines for what constitutes ADA web compliance, which means there is no way to absolutely stay protected from these lawsuits and demand letters. However, the disabled community has widely recognized the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) as the best existing standard for web inclusivity. WCAG 2.1 Level AA is the most up-to-date version of this standard.

ADA Web Compliance Demand Letters

An ADA web compliance demand letter is a legal notice sent to businesses to rectify non-compliant areas of a website. The letter aims to inform business owners that their website is not fully accessible, giving them the opportunity to correct it.

In recent years, the number of businesses receiving these letters has increased exponentially. In 2022, more than 1,500 demand letters were sent per week. This rise is partly due to heightened awareness of accessibility rights and the growing number of people with disabilities using the internet. Until equal access is provided for people with disabilities, the rate at which ADA website compliance demand letters are sent will likely continue to grow.

Who Sends ADA Web Compliance Demand Letters?

Demand letters are typically sent by an attorney representing clients with disabilities or advocacy groups who have identified ADA violations on a website. However, anyone with a disability who has been denied access to a public-facing website or digital platform can send a demand letter. These violations can range from difficult-to-use navigation menus to missing alt text and keyboard navigability.

While demand letters primarily come from attorneys, the Department of Justice (DOJ) also plays a critical role in enforcing accessibility standards. If a person with disabilities finds that a website is not accessible, they can file a complaint with the DOJ. The DOJ may then investigate and enforce action if necessary.

Who is at Risk of Receiving an ADA Web Compliance Demand Letter?

All online businesses open to the public risk receiving ADA web compliance letters, including eCommerce website owners, small businesses, large corporations, and nonprofits.

However, websites heavily reliant on visual content, such as online retailers, are among those most commonly targeted. In 2022, 2,387 businesses faced web accessibility lawsuits, and the retail industry accounted for almost 77% of cases.

While visual content is stimulating for some, images and videos may be inaccessible to certain website visitors. In fact, 58.2% of home pages are missing alternative text for images for visually impaired users. If website owners do not take proper measures to adjust their online content, the likelihood of receiving a demand letter is considerably higher.

Breaking Down the ADA Web Compliance Demand Letter

Receiving an ADA demand letter may seem intimidating, but don’t panic. While the letter isn’t a formal legal complaint or lawsuit, it serves as a warning. However, failure to take action when receiving one can lead to further legal recourse.

A typical ADA web compliance demand letter may include the following sections:

Violation Details

The ADA compliance demand letter will typically begin by explaining that your website has been assessed and found non-compliant with ADA standards. It will outline in clear language what the specific violations are. This may include thorough descriptions of accessibility barriers, such as incompatibility with screen reader technology or lack of keyboard navigability.

Request for Modifications

After highlighting the violations, the letter will contain a request for modifications you need to make to your website to achieve compliance. It might include specific WCAG checkpoints your site fails to meet and suggest remedies. For example, your website lacks sufficient contrast between text and background. In that case, the request might demand an improvement in this area.

Timeline for Achieving Compliance

The sender will specify a reasonable timeline for you to make the requested modifications. This could range from a few weeks to several months, depending on the nature and extent of the violations. It’s crucial to note this timeline and make sure you comply within the given time frame. Remember, this timeline is legally binding, and any delay can escalate the situation to a full-fledged ADA lawsuit.

Consequences

If you fail to meet the ADA web compliance demands within the stated timeline, you risk being subject to legal action. The consequences could include hefty penalties, court-ordered website modifications, and the stigma of a public ADA lawsuit. All of this could significantly impact your business’s reputation and profitability.

What to Do if You Receive a Demand Letter?

If you’ve received an ADA website compliance demand letter, it usually means someone has identified your website as ADA non-compliant. So what should you do?

Here are some steps to guide you:
- Understand the Requirements for ADA Web Compliance: Familiarize yourself with ADA website conformance standards and guidelines. WCAG 2.1 Level AA is the best measure for web accessibility.
- Seek Legal Advice: A knowledgeable attorney with experience in ADA website compliance can help you understand the legal requirements and guide you on the best course of action.
- Review the Letter and Evaluate Your Website for Compliance: Carefully review the demand letter and evaluate your website based on the violations outlined. Determine if the claims are valid and identify areas that need improvements.
- Get a Website Audit and Remediate: Hire a professional to conduct an accessibility audit of your website and make the necessary changes to achieve compliance.
- Communicate with the Plaintiff: Respond to the letter, outlining the steps you’re taking to address the issues raised. Proactive communication can help de-escalate the situation and avoid a lawsuit.
- Monitor and Maintain: ADA Web Compliance is not a one-time event. Regularly review your website to ensure ongoing compliance. This proactive approach can help prevent future demand letters.
Stay Ahead of the Curve with 216digital

ADA web compliance is not optional for online businesses. Demand letters pose a real risk and can lead to serious legal consequences if not appropriately addressed. However, with a clear understanding of ADA standards and the right support, you can take steps to rectify issues and protect your business from potential legal action.

At 216digital, we understand the complexities of web accessibility and are here to help. We offer comprehensive services that not only audit your website for accessibility but also provide solutions to meet ADA compliance requirements. Our experienced team thoroughly understands WCAG guidelines, and we can help your business implement the necessary adjustments.

Don’t wait for a demand letter to land on your desk. Get ahead of the curve and ensure your website is ADA-compliant today with 216digital by scheduling a complementary 15 minute briefing.
Greg McNeil

July 13, 2023

Legal Compliance

Accessibility, ADA Compliance, ADA Lawsuit, ADA non-compliance, ADA Website Compliance, Website Accessibility
A Closer Look at Section 508
When we discuss web accessibility, Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act often surfaces as a critical element. However, understanding its full scope and whether it applies to your website can be confusing. That’s why we want to clear the air. In this post, we will discuss everything you need to know about Section 508, from its latest revision to how it could impact your business.

What is Section 508?

In the early 1970s, American lawmakers started to become aware of the need for legislation that ensured accommodation for citizens with disabilities. The first federal law was the Rehabilitation Act of 1973.

This law was mainly concerned with how the government would support people with disabilities. It expanded approval for state vocational rehabilitation service grants, established federal accountability for research and training programs for those with disabilities, and designated government bodies, such as the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, to coordinate disability programs.

However, it did not have anything to do with web accessibility issues. It wasn’t until the introduction of the Internet and the rise of digital services that made Section 508 a cornerstone of digital accessibility.

Section 508

In 1998, Congress revised the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 to include Section 508. Section 508 states that all federal agencies must make electronic and information technology (EIT) accessible to disabled employees and members of the public. The law applies to EIT’s development, procurement, maintenance, or use, including government websites, documents, software, and multimedia.

The Latest Revision

In March 2017, the United States Access Board revised Section 508’s accessibility requirements for information and communication technology(ICT). The update provides more specific definitions of accessibility for EIT, offering clear guidelines for developers and website owners to follow.

There are five significant changes to Section 508:
- Focus on Functionality: Organized by functionality instead of product type to keep pace with technological advances.
- WCAG Compliance: The 2017 update formally established the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.0 as the accessibility framework for agencies. Federal websites are required to meet at least WCAG 2.1 Level A and AA compliance.
- Content Accessibility: All official agency content aimed at the general public, along with specific non-facing categories, must be accessible to those with disabilities.
- Synchronized Tools and Technology: All software and operating systems must be compatible with assistive technologies like screen readers.
- Expanded Marketplace: This combines chosen global standards such as WCAG 2.0 and aligns with the European Commission’s ICT Standards (EN 301 549) to broaden the range of accessibility solutions available.
How Does WCAG Affect Section 508?

As mentioned earlier, the latest revision of Section 508 aligns with WCAG 2.1. WCAG, or the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines, are the international standards for web accessibility developed by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C).

So, in effect, WCAG informs the standards set forth by Section 508. WCAG is often considered the golden standard in web accessibility, and following its guidelines can be a big step toward achieving both Section 508 and ADA compliance.

How is Section 508 Different from the ADA?

The American with Disabilities Act (ADA), passed in 1990, prohibits discrimination against individuals with disabilities in all areas of public life. While Section 508 specifically deals with federal agencies, the ADA applies more broadly. It prohibits discrimination against people with disabilities in all places of public life. Title II of the ADA pertains to state and local government functions. At the same time, Title III involves private businesses and commercial entities operated by private entities.

Both acts relate to accessibility for people with disabilities but have significant differences.

Section 508

Section 508 is a set of rules that primarily apply to government entities. However, it also applies to organizations that receive federal funding. This means that government-supported institutions like museums, universities, medical centers, and programs partially federally funded must follow Section 508.

Section 508’s accessibility rules also extend to contractors or third-party workers who provide services to government bodies or federally funded organizations. Therefore, any digital platform or website associated with a federally funded entity and used by the public must meet Section 508 standards. Small businesses should consider this if they want to pursue government grants or contract work with federal agencies.

The ADA

Section 508 primarily concerns digital accessibility for federal agencies and federally funded organizations. In contrast, ADA has a broader reach, covering both physical and digital spaces across public and private sectors.

The ADA requires businesses to make accommodations for their employees and their customers so that those with a disability may not be excluded from participation in or denied services.

While court cases have interpreted the ADA to include websites as part of “public accommodations,” it does not provide specific technical guidelines like Section 508. Instead, a sharp increase in lawsuits over the last few years has confirmed that the ADA applies to websites and online applications just as much as to physical stores and offices. For example, in 2022, there were 2,387 web accessibility lawsuits filed in Federal Court and California State Court under the Unruh Act.

Does Section 508 Apply to My Business?

You might wonder if Section 508 applies to you if you’re a business owner. The answer largely depends on your business type. If you are a federal contractor, receive federal funding, or serve a federal agency, Section 508 compliance is mandatory. Consult with a legal expert to fully understand your obligations when in doubt.

If you’re not a federal agency and still want to make your website accessible, following Section 508 guidelines can be an excellent place to start. It’s always a good idea to strive for inclusivity in your business practices.

What’s the Risk of Non-Compliance?

Non-compliance with Section 508 can result in serious legal consequences.

Let’s take a look at some real-life examples:

NAD vs. Harvard and MIT

In 2015, the National Association of the Deaf (NAD) filed lawsuits against Harvard University and the Massachusetts Institution of Technology (MIT). The NAD argued that the universities failed to caption online course content, discriminating against people with hearing disabilities. Both universities settled, leading to more rigorous captioning commitments.

On November 8, 2019, the National Association of the Deaf (NAD) reached a settlement with Harvard University requiring high-quality captioning services for its publicly available online content. The settlement, memorialized in a class action consent decree, was approved by the Court on February 27, 2020. The Plaintiffs reached a similar settlement with MIT, which was approved on July 21, 2020.

NFB vs. Department of Education

Similarly, the National Federation of the Blind (NFB) filed a complaint against the United States Department of Education in 2009. The NFB claimed that one of the Department’s websites, called the U.S.A. Learns violated Section 508 because it’s inaccessible to those who rely on text-to-speech technology or Braille displays to access information.

The U.S.A. Learns, a free English-language learning website operated by the Department of Education, underscores the requirement for any government-funded online platform to comply with Section 508.

These cases highlight that non-compliance can result in time-consuming litigation, financial penalties, and damage to reputation. Prioritizing digital accessibility is critical for businesses and institutions, not only for legal compliance but also to ensure inclusiveness for all users.

Section 508 Compliance with 216digital

Understanding and implementing web accessibility guidelines, like those set out by Section 508 and WCAG, is essential for any business operating in the digital landscape today. Non-compliance can result in severe legal and financial consequences, as demonstrated by the real-life lawsuits against Harvard, MIT, and the Department of Education. But beyond compliance, embracing web accessibility is about inclusivity and fairness, ensuring all users, regardless of ability, have access to information and services.

That’s where 216digital comes into play. We understand that navigating the complex landscape of web accessibility can be daunting for businesses of all sizes. Our experienced team is equipped with in-depth knowledge of Section 508, WCAG, and ADA compliance. We offer comprehensive services to ensure your digital platforms are not only legally compliant but also inclusive and user-friendly for all users, regardless of ability.

By choosing to work with 216digital, you are not only safeguarding your business against potential legal repercussions but also championing digital inclusivity. Don’t wait until it’s too late – contact us today to ensure your website is accessible for everyone. Together, we can make the internet a more inclusive space.
Greg McNeil

July 13, 2023

Legal Compliance

Accessibility, ADA Compliance, ADA Lawsuit, ADA non-compliance, ADA Website Compliance, Website Accessibility
Can ADA Web Accessibility “Testers” Sue?
As a website owner, you’ve likely heard about web accessibility and the implications of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) on your digital space. Web accessibility is an integral part of the digital world, aiming to ensure that everyone, including individuals with disabilities, can access and use web content effectively.

In recent years, there has been a surge in ADA web compliance lawsuits that could impact your website and business. One key issue is the debate over whether ADA web accessibility “testers” have the legal standing to sue. This article aims to elucidate this complex issue and help you understand how it may affect your business.

The Americans with Disabilities Act and Web Accessibility

The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), signed into law in 1990, prohibits discrimination against individuals with disabilities in all areas of public life. However, it was initially unclear whether this act extended to websites, as they were less prevalent when the act was passed.

With the advent of the digital era, courts have gradually expanded the ADA’s scope to include websites, considering them as ‘places of public accommodation.’ This interpretation implies that websites should be accessible to individuals with disabilities, including those who have visual, auditory, or motor impairments.

In 2022, the Department of Justice (DOJ) published guidance confirming that the ADA applies to business websites. Non-compliance could expose your business to the risk of legal action, including lawsuits and fines.

The Rise of ADA Web Compliance Lawsuits

Recently, lawsuits related to ADA web compliance have become increasingly common. Many businesses, both small and large, have faced legal challenges due to the lack of accessibility of their websites. In 2023 alone, federal and state courts dealt with 4,605 lawsuits related to web accessibility.

These lawsuits argue that inaccessible websites create a discriminatory environment, depriving people with disabilities of the same opportunities afforded to those without. While many of these lawsuits are initiated by individuals with disabilities, a new group known as “testers” has emerged as a significant force.

Learn more about What You Need to Know About ADA Web Accessibility Lawsuits.

What is an ADA Web Accessibility “Tester”?

An ADA web accessibility “tester” is an individual who checks websites for ADA compliance. Their primary goal is to identify ADA violations, not necessarily to use the services or products provided on the website.

These individuals, sometimes people with disabilities themselves or professionals in accessibility consulting, are equipped with the knowledge and tools to test whether a website complies with established accessibility standards, such as the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG).

If the tester deems the website inaccessible, they may file a lawsuit against the business. Some view this role as essential for holding companies accountable, while others see it as an opportunity for lawsuit abuse and exploitation.

What Gives Someone Ground to Sue?

Under the United States Constitution, a party must have standing to sue. ‘Standing’ is a legal term that refers to a person’s ability to demonstrate a sufficient connection to and harm from the law or action being challenged, supporting that person’s participation in the case. This requirement implies the person must allege that they attempted to access the business but were unable to or were interested in doing so but could not due to the website’s non-compliance.

In ADA lawsuits, the person suing must show that they experienced discrimination due to the website’s non-compliance. The question of standing has been a significant point of contention, especially when it comes to testers.

Can someone who has no intention of using your services or buying your products sue you because your website is not accessible?

This question brings us to a landmark case in ADA web accessibility lawsuits – Acheson Hotels, LLC v. Deborah Laufer.

Acheson Hotels, LLC v. Deborah Laufer

In late March, the case of Acheson Hotels, LLC v. Deborah Laufer became a focal point in the discussion surrounding the ADA web accessibility testers’ right to sue.

Plaintiff Deborah Laufer, a self-proclaimed “tester,” has filed over 600 lawsuits alleging ADA web accessibility violations since 2018, primarily targeting the hospitality industry.

The lower courts initially dismissed Laufer’s case against Acheson Hotels, arguing that Laufer did not intend to visit the hotel and, therefore, had not suffered any injury. However, Laufer appealed the decision, asserting that she was indeed affected by being unable to access information on the hotel’s website due to her disability. Despite acknowledging her role as a tester, Laufer argues that her motive is irrelevant.

In their brief in opposition, Laufer’s counsel referred to the text of the ADA, writing, “[…] One can readily find that a disabled person’s encounter with violations of the ADA is a real-world harm by reviewing the plain language in the findings and purposes set forth by Congress.”

The First Circuit Court of Appeals agreed and reversed the initial decision, asserting that Laufer had standing.

Supreme Court Case Takes Unexpected Turn

On March 27, 2023, the Supreme Court agreed to hear a case, but the matter took an unexpected twist. Laufer’s attorney was suspended from practicing law for defrauding hotels by lying in fee petitions and during settlement negotiations. Consequently, Laufer voluntarily dropped her lawsuit, rendering it moot. In a unanimous decision, the Supreme Court agreed.

A lawsuit can become moot when its central conflict has been resolved, as was when Laufer withdrew her claim. While the Supreme Court frequently addresses issues of standing, the Court can still address issues of mootness and the cases standing in any order it chooses.

While this particular lawsuit was declared moot, the split among the circuits regarding tester standing is still “very much alive,” and it is open to ruling on this issue in future cases.

The Future of Web Accessibility

216digital is not a law firm; we cannot provide legal advice. However, as experts in web accessibility, we understand that significant Supreme Court cases often influence the accessibility landscape. Although the Court’s ruling in Acheson Hotels, LLC v. Laufer does not alter the law, it signals the Court’s willingness to address concerns regarding the legal standing of ADA testers.

This stance may dissuade some ADA testers from initiating lawsuits, particularly against well-defended, high-profile defendants. Yet, as we’ve emphasized in previous articles, the prevalence of serious accessibility barriers is not few and far between.

With the uptick in web accessibility lawsuits each year, prioritizing web accessibility has never been more crucial. To minimize potential legal risks, online businesses must monitor their website’s accessibility and collaborate with accessibility experts to adhere to the WCAG standards.

Steps Businesses Should Take to Ensure ADA Compliance

Considering current affairs, it’s crucial that businesses ensure their websites are ADA-compliant. Here are some steps to take:
1. Audit Your Website: Conduct a thorough website audit using ADA compliance tools or hire a professional.
2. Follow WCAG Guidelines: The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines are reliable recommendations for making your website accessible. Aim for WCAG 2.1 Level AA compliance, which covers a broad range of recommendations for making web content more accessible.
3. Regularly Update Your Website: Web accessibility is not a one-time task. Regularly review and update your website to ensure ongoing compliance as guidelines and technologies evolve.
4. Train Your Team: Ensure your team understands the importance of ADA compliance. Provide them with training on maintaining accessibility during website updates and content creation.
5. Regular Monitoring: Regularly monitor your website to ensure ongoing compliance.
6. Consult with an Expert: If in doubt, consult with a web accessibility expert or lawyer specializing in ADA compliance to fully understand your legal obligations and ensure you’re doing everything necessary to comply.
Learn more about Mitigating ADA Lawsuit Risk: Affordable Solutions for Online Business.

Protect Your Online Business

ADA and web accessibility are crucial considerations for all website owners. The debate over whether ADA web accessibility “testers” can sue carries potentially significant implications. Regardless of the outcome, businesses need to strive towards full ADA compliance to avoid lawsuits and ensure a better, more inclusive user experience for all.

Find out if your website is ADA compliant today by scheduling a 15-minute complimentary website audit and consultation with our experts at 216digital. We can help determine if your website is at risk of a lawsuit and offer fast, effective ADA compliance solutions. This ensures your site is accessible to everyone, reducing your risk of litigation so you can continue focusing on what matters most: running your business.
Greg McNeil

July 10, 2023

Legal Compliance

Accessibility, ADA Compliance, ADA Lawsuit, ADA non-compliance, ADA Website Compliance, Website Accessibility
The Financial Benefits of Digital Accessibility
When we consider the landscape of digital accessibility, many business leaders and web professionals grapple with the notion of cost. The perception of digital accessibility as a high-expense venture has led to a staggering reality: a mere 3% of the internet is accessible to people with disabilities. This statistic is all the more alarming given that 1.3 billion people live with a disability.

However, it’s time to rethink this perspective and perceive digital accessibility not as a financial hurdle but as an untapped goldmine. This post aims to unravel how investing in digital accessibility can magnify your website’s traffic and lead to significant cost savings.

Buckle up as we navigate the myriad benefits that this overlooked aspect of digital strategy can bring.

Increased Website Use

A major benefit of digital accessibility is the potential for direct and indirect financial gains from increased website use. For instance, web accessibility can make it easier for people to find a website, access it, and use it successfully. As a result, you increase the site’s audience and usage.

An increase in website audience can result from the following benefits of digital accessibility:

Extended Market Reach

Web accessibility refers to the inclusive practice of removing barriers that prevent interaction with, or access to, websites by people with disabilities. But did you know that an accessible website has the potential to expand your customer base significantly?

According to the CDC, about 27% of adults in the United States live with a disability. That’s a significant part of the population, all of whom have the right to engage in the services that a business can provide.

When you prioritize digital accessibility, you’re opening your business to millions of additional potential customers who could not engage with your online content. This not only benefits potential customers but also contributes to the growth of your business with an increase in sales.

By embracing this demographic, you are bound to witness a rise in customers, clients, or consumers. The extent of this increase hinges on your ability to cater to diverse levels of abilities and the reputation your company earns through its ethical business practices.

Improved SEO

A well-known fact in the digital world is that search engines favor websites that are accessible. Search engines like Google prioritize websites that are easy to navigate, have clear content, and offer an optimal user experience—things you improve when you make your website accessible.

Google’s index is like a user with vision impairment and a billion friends. It relies on text to understand images and media content. Websites providing valid alternative text to images, audio, and videos make the site easier to find, increase its ranking, and get recommended. Many of the same principles for good SEO overlap with accessibility standards like the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG).

When your site is accessible, it’s easier for search engines to index your content, making it more findable for users and potentially improving your organic search rankings. For instance, the radio program and podcast This American Life has an audience of around 2 million each week. By offering transcripts for each episode, they boosted their search traffic by 6.86%.

Improved User Experience

An accessible website provides a better user experience for all users, not just those with disabilities. There is a misconception in the business world that accessibility is only meant to accommodate users with disabilities, but that’s not entirely true.

According to a Forrester Research Economic Impact Study commissioned by Microsoft, 252 out of 319 companies agreed that inclusive software improved usability and customer experience. Features that make a site more accessible, such as straightforward navigation, easy-to-read text, and an intuitive layout, also make it more user-friendly.

This improved user experience can increase customer satisfaction and retention. Customers who enjoy their experience on your site are more likely to return and recommend your services to others.

Enhanced Brand Reputation

In our current economic landscape, reputation can go a long way, especially regarding how a company considers members of marginalized communities. Among these communities are people with disabilities.

Being recognized as a business that takes digital accessibility seriously can help establish a strong and positive standing in the market. However, the influence of this reputation extends beyond just customers with disabilities.

Consumers who value principles of social justice will look to your company as an example of the positive change needed in society. With the increasing emphasis on accessibility, making this conscious stride is paramount.

Direct Cost Savings

Aside from the growth in site usage and customer base, many organizations realize direct cost savings from improving Web accessibility. Let’s dive into how digital accessibility can lead to immediate cost savings for your business.

Mitigating Legal Risks

The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) requires businesses to make their websites accessible to people with disabilities. By ensuring your website is accessible, you could mitigate frivolous ADA lawsuits, hefty fines, and negative publicity.

In recent years, there has been a sharp increase in lawsuits related to website accessibility. For example, in 2022 alone, there were 2,387 web accessibility lawsuits filed in Federal Court and California State Court under the Unruh Act. By investing in web accessibility, you reduce the risk of such legal repercussions.

Reduced Development and Maintenance Costs

While incorporating digital accessibility into your website will take time, it will result in cleaner and more efficient code. This can make the website faster and easier to maintain in the long run, saving you money on development resources. Here’s how:
- Improved accessibility diminishes maintenance needs, resulting in lower staff costs for site maintenance.
- Accessibility lowers the need for additional server resources. Reducing the need for other server resources and their associated costs.
- Eliminates the need for creating multiple site versions as accessibility enables responsive content to work on various devices.
- Reduces future expenses to adopt new technologies as accessibility utilizes cutting-edge web technologies and readiness for future advancements.
How to Make Your Business More Accessible

Making your business more accessible isn’t a one-time activity—it’s an ongoing commitment. Here are a few steps to get you started:
1. Familiarize Yourself with WCAG: The first step toward improving web accessibility is understanding the WCAG guidelines. These guidelines provide the international standard for creating accessible web content.
2. Conduct an Accessibility Audit: Hire a professional to audit your website for accessibility, or use an online tool to get an overview of the areas that need improvement.
3. Create an Accessibility Plan: Based on your audit results, create a plan to address the accessibility gaps. This plan should be integrated into your overall website design and content strategy.
4. Educate Your Team: Everyone involved in creating your website content—from writers and designers to developers—should understand web accessibility and its importance. Regular training sessions can ensure this.
5. Regularly Test for Accessibility: Making your website accessible isn’t a one-and-done deal. Regular testing can ensure that all new content meets accessibility standards.
Remember, web accessibility is an ongoing commitment, not a one-time project. By dedicating time and resources to maintaining accessibility, you are investing in the growth of your business and ensuring a better user experience for all.

The Way Forward

Digital accessibility might seem like a high upfront cost, but the benefits far outweigh the initial investment. From expanding your market reach and enhancing your brand’s reputation to reducing development costs and mitigating legal risks, accessibility has proven financially beneficial. With the right approach and a commitment to inclusivity, your website can become a powerhouse for your business, accessible to all, and profitable in the long run. So make web accessibility a priority today and reap significant financial rewards tomorrow.

To learn more about how the ADA experts at 216digital can help build an ADA WCAG 2.1 compliance strategy to achieve ongoing, real-world accessibility on your terms, schedule an ADA Strategy Briefing.
Greg McNeil

July 10, 2023

The Benefits of Web Accessibility

Accessibility, ADA Compliance, ADA non-compliance, ADA Website Compliance, Website Accessibility
Understanding Image Alt Text Descriptions
Even though digital transformation is progressing rapidly, many online businesses still lag behind in making their websites accessible to people with disabilities. This is partly due to a lack of awareness or technical knowledge of different accessibility issues and how to solve them.

In this article, we will cover one of the most common accessibility barriers — providing alternative text descriptions for images. When done correctly, alt text can paint a complete picture for people who cannot perceive images visually. Unfortunately, many content creators and developers forget to provide alt text or write something that doesn’t quite hit the mark.

So, what exactly is Image Alt Text, and how should you integrate it into your website?

What is Alt Text?

Image alt text, also called image alternative text descriptions, is the written copy that appears in place of an image on a website if the image fails to load on a user’s screen. This text can also help screen-reading tools describe images to visually impaired users and allows search engines to better crawl your website.

Alt text should be brief but vivid enough to clarify the image’s content to someone listening to the description. This includes any information contained within graphs or charts. Well-written alt text doesn’t just describe a photo but also communicates its purpose and context.

But how do you add alt text to images?

How to Add Alt Text to Your Images?

Image Alt Text is the descriptive text that is included in a website’s foundational HTML code to describe an image on a webpage.

However, adding Alt Text to images varies slightly depending on your web-building platform. Generally, when you upload a photo, there should be an ‘Alt Text’ or ‘Alt Description’ field where you can input your description.

For HTML users, you can add Alt Text to an image by including the ‘alt’ attribute within the ‘img’ tag:
```
<img src="example.jpg" alt="A description of the image">
```
Suppose you use a Content Management System (CMS) like WordPress. In that case, there’s a designated field for image optimization where you can create and change the image’s alt text.

When Should I Use Alt Text?

According to the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), all images must have a text alternative that describes their function or the information they represent. However, that doesn’t mean every image should be treated the same.

Follow these rules when writing alt text:

1. Images of Text

Does the image contain text?

If readable text is presented within an image, the text alternative must contain every word in the image. However, it’s essential to mention images with text should be avoided, except in the case of logos.

2. Functional Images

Is the image used in a link or a button, and would it be hard to understand the function if it wasn’t there?

Suppose an image is used as a link or button. In that case, the alt text must describe the functionality and destination, if it doesn’t already from the text or graphical content. For instance, a button to “download in App Store” image link would have an alternative text description stating: “Click here to download the Bittrex app on the App Store.”

3. Informative Images

Does the image contribute meaning to the current page or context?

Informative images are images or illustrations that convey vital information to the context of information surrounding them. The text alternative for these images should include the image’s essential information. The description should be colloquial as if you are explaining it to someone sitting next to you. For example, suppose an image is of a truck driving. In that case, the alternative text should state: “A truck driving over rough terrain”.

However, complex images such as infographics or diagrams used to convey data or detailed information should have a complete text equivalent to the data or information provided in the infographic or chart.

4. Decorative Images

Is the image purely decorative or not intended for the user?

If an image’s only purpose is to add visual decoration, it does not require alt text. However, the image must then be explicitly marked as presentational so that it is ignored by screen reading software. It must still have an alt attribute, so give it “null” alt text, which is an alt attribute with no value, as seen below:
```
<img src=”../img.jpg” alt=”” />
```
Need help with how to treat a specific image? The W3C has developed an alt text decision tree to help you determine the right approach depending on the image’s purpose.

Image Alt Text Best Practices

Ultimately, image alt text needs to be specific and representative of the topic it supports. Just adding alt text isn’t enough. It’s essential to ensure it’s effective.

Here are some best practices to follow:

Describe an Image and Be Specific

Alt Text should accurately represent the content and function of an image. Use both the image’s subject and context to guide you. For example, instead of writing “dog” for an image, use a more specific description such as “A golden retriever playing fetch in the park.”

Avoid Redundancy

It might seem like a helpful cue, but remember not to include phrases like “picture of” or “image of” in your alt text. Screen readers and Search Engines will know from the preceding HTML tag to announce the alt text as an image. Including these phrases in your description will only disrupt the user’s experience and waste valuable characters.

Write for People, Not Search Engines

Many content creators make the mistake of trying to stuff keywords into their site’s alt text. While it’s true that alt text can contribute to SEO, your priority should be accessibility and user experience. If you can naturally fold a keyword into your alt text, excellent. But don’t fall into the trap of treating alt text like an SEO tool.

Review for Spelling Errors and Punctuation

Like all website content, proper punctuation makes information easier to understand. Ensure that your alt text is free of mistakes for a professional and clear description.

In addition, when hiding decorative images, you should be aware of spacing when using a null or empty alt text. If there is a space between the quotes, assistive technologies may still pick it up as alt text, confusing the user.

Image Alt Text Example

Alt text that doesn’t appropriately describe the image and its purpose could prove detrimental or puzzling to website users relying on assistive technology.

Follow alt-text best practices, and you’ll get a feel for what needs to be said. A more detailed description may be beneficial. However, there are instances when it can be redundant. Consider the example below.

Bad Alt Text
```
<img src= "example.jpg" alt="a city's bridge at night">
```
The line of alt text above is technically descriptive — but it does not describe the image in a meaningful way for the user. Yes, the photo above shows a city’s bridge, and it is night. But this is also a picture of Cleveland, Ohio — and the Detroit-Superior Bridge. These are essential specifics that your users might need to comprehend the image if it’s on, say, a blog post about Cleveland landmarks.

Good Alt Text

With context in mind, a better alt text for this image might be:
```
<img src= "example.jpg" alt="Cleveland Ohio's Detroit-Superior Bridge at night">
```
Why is Image Alt Text Important?

We’ve already alluded to several reasons why image alt text is essential. However, understanding these reasons will help you write the best alt text possible for your users. Below we’ll look at the significant reasons image alt text is essential.

Web Accessibility and User Experience

Image alt tags allow screen reader users to understand what is happening on a webpage besides the written basic text. Images may be the only form of instruction for some websites or other digital assets. Without alt text, these users may miss out on the information conveyed through images, affecting their overall site experience. It is, therefore, a key component in meeting the World Wide Web Consortium (WCAG) success criteria for image alternative text descriptions.

Ignoring these standards could lead to potential legal consequences due to non-compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). Such non-compliance limits your website’s audience reach and could result in lawsuits or hefty fines. Hence, incorporating alt text in your website design is an inclusive practice and a legal imperative.

Search Engine Optimization

Search engines like Google, unable to visually understand images, rely on Alt Text to determine their content. This information helps them provide relevant results for image searches, significantly boosting your website’s visibility.

However, while Alt Text can contribute to SEO, it should not be used to manipulate search rankings by overstuffing keywords. Google can penalize such practices, leading to a decrease in your overall SEO performance.

Learn more about Web Accessibility and SEO Optimization: A Powerhouse Combination.

Take the Next Steps Toward Accessibility

In a digital era where inclusivity and accessibility are of utmost importance, alt text is a vital tool for website owners and developers. If, until now, you were not aware of the importance of image alt text, don’t stress! You can add these elements at any time to increase the accessibility of your website.

If you’d like to talk further about your web accessibility initiative, Schedule a Complimentary ADA Strategy Briefing with the experts at 216digital. We will help you take the steps towards web accessibility on your terms by developing a strategy to integrate WCAG 2.1 compliance into your development roadmap.

Remember, alt text is not just an option—it’s an essential step in building a successful and accessible online presence.
Greg McNeil

July 10, 2023

How-to Guides

Accessibility, ADA Compliance, ADA non-compliance, ADA Website Compliance, Alt text, Image Alt Text, Website Accessibility, Website Accessibility Tools
Understanding WCAG for Better Digital Compliance
The World Wide Web is an interconnected network of knowledge accessible to anyone with an internet connection. However, the term ‘anyone’ isn’t always accurate. Some individuals, particularly those with disabilities, may find it challenging to access information and services online.

Fortunately, the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) are here to change this. WCAG can help websites follow the best practices of accessible design and eliminate accessibility barriers that could expose your business to the risk of legal action.

But what is WCAG — and how does it apply to your online business? In this post, we answer these questions and provide a few tips for making your web content WCAG-compliant.

The World Wide Web Consortium

The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) is an international organization committed to improving the web. In 1997, the W3C launched the Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI) with the goal of providing strategies, guidelines, and resources to make the web accessible to people with disabilities. This initiative includes technical specifications for HTML, CSS, XML, and other technologies used to build websites.

Out of the WAI was born the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines or WCAG.

What is WCAG?

The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines, commonly known as WCAG, are a set of recommendations designed to make web content more accessible, primarily for people with disabilities. However, following these guidelines can also make your web content more accessible to all users, regardless of the device they’re using or their internet access circumstances.

The initial version of WCAG, WCAG 1.0, was released in 1999 with 14 guidelines. Since then, it has undergone significant revisions to better address the needs of various users and keep pace with rapidly evolving technologies. The most recent version at the time of this writing, WCAG 2.1, was published in 2021. However, the WAI plans to introduce WCAG 2.2 in the fall of 2023. Learn more about WCAG 2.2 and the future of accessibility standards.

WCAG Structure

WCAG is organized around four fundamental principles, which state that all content must be Perceivable, Operable, Understandable, and Robust (POUR). These four principles are expanded upon by supporting guidelines and further divided into distinct Success Criteria. These Success Criteria serve as precise and verifiable requirements for accessibility.

An Example of WCAG Success Criteria

Success Criterion 1.1.1 Non-text Content states: “All non-text content presented to the user has a text alternative that serves the equivalent purpose, except for the situations listed below…”

This Success Criterion is one of the Success Criteria under Guideline 1.1 Text Alternatives: “Provide text alternatives for any non-text content so that it can be changed into other forms people need, such as large print, braille, speech, symbols, or simpler language.”

This Guideline is one of the Guidelines under Principle 1. Perceivable: “Information and user interface components must be presentable to users in ways they can perceive.”

WCAG Conformance Levels

WCAG success criteria are organized into three levels of conformance: Level A, Level AA, and Level AAA. Each Success Criterion is assigned a conformance level of A, AA, or AAA, with each Level including all success criteria from the lower levels.

For instance, Level AA includes all Level A success criteria, while Level AAA includes both Level A and AA success criteria. To qualify as meeting a certain conformance level, all content on a website must fully meet at least that Level.

While Level A conformance makes a website accessible, Level AA conformance of WCAG 2.0 or 2.1 is the most common. Websites that meet the Level AA requirements of the current version of WCAG are generally considered reasonably accessible to most users with disabilities.

Achieving Level AA conformance means satisfying all Level A and AA Success Criteria. However, it’s important to note that meeting Level AAA is optional as it’s impossible for some content to meet all Level AAA Success Criteria.

Understanding How WAI Maintains and Updates WCAG

The WAI regularly updates the WCAG to keep up with advancements in technology and user needs, ensuring the guidelines remain relevant and effective.

The WAI organizes this process through milestones, which are as follows:
1. Working Draft: The WAI team publishes the document as a Working Draft to ask for review and input from the community. The team updates the draft based on feedback. Usually, multiple Working Drafts of a technical report are published.
2. Wide Review Working Draft: Once all the comments and technical requirements have been addressed, it provides the complete document for community review. At this stage, members of the public are invited to leave comments.
3. Candidate Recommendations: The main purpose of the Candidate Recommendation is to ensure that the technical report can be implemented. At this stage, developers are encouraged to use the new version of WCAG in their projects.
4. Proposed Recommendation: After implementing each feature of the technical report, the W3C announces it as a Proposed Recommendation for W3C membership endorsement
5. W3C Recommendation: Once there is significant support for a new version of WCAG from the W3C Members, the W3C Director, and the public, it becomes an official W3C Recommendation.
It’s important to understand that WCAG is a living document, consistently updated to meet changing technology and digital accessibility needs. Hence, reaching each milestone takes time. WCAG needs to apply to different types of digital content and be reasonably future-proof.

But which version of WCAG should you use to test your content?

Which Version of WCAG Should I Use To Test My Content?

WCAG offers businesses a straightforward way to test their web content for accessibility issues. Each version of WCAG is designed for backward compatibility, including all previous guidelines and adding new ones. While recent versions of WCAG extend the requirements of older versions, the old standards still apply.

But which version of WCAG should you use for testing? When deciding which version of WCAG to use for testing your content, it’s generally recommended to use the latest version. Using the most recent version will ensure your website complies with the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and other nondiscrimination laws, mitigating the risk of frivolous ADA lawsuits.

Is WCAG a Legal Requirement?

While WCAG is not legally binding in every country, many governments require compliance with its guidelines to ensure digital accessibility. For instance, in the US, federal websites must meet WCAG 2.1 Level A and AA requirements under Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act.

Similarly, Title III of the ADA applies to private businesses but doesn’t explicitly mention WCAG or provide technical standards for online content. However, the Department of Justice (DOJ) published guidance in 2022 confirming its position that the ADA applies to business websites, stating:

“…the Department has consistently taken the position that the ADA’s requirements apply to all the goods, services, privileges, or activities offered by public accommodations, including those offered on the web.”
– US Department of Justice | Guidance on Web Accessibility and the ADA (2022)

The Rise of ADA Web Compliance Lawsuits

Failure to meet these standards can expose businesses to legal challenges, as was the case with Domino’s Pizza in 2019. More recently, there has been a sharp increase in lawsuits related to website accessibility. For example, in 2022 alone, there were 2,387 web accessibility lawsuits filed in Federal Court and California State Court under the Unruh Act. This number doesn’t include the rising number of ADA legal complaints and ADA compliance demand letters sent to businesses with non-accessible websites.

While WCAG conformance might not be legally required elsewhere, it’s still considered a best practice and can significantly improve the user experience for all visitors.

Understanding What Conformance Means

WCAG conformance means that your website meets the criteria set by the WCAG guidelines. This involves more than just ticking off a list of guidelines; it means ensuring your website is accessible and usable for people with various disabilities.

W3C’s Understanding Conformance explains: “Conformance to a standard means that you meet or satisfy the ‘requirements’ of the standard.”

There are five requirements for conformance, per W3C:
1. Conformance Level: Websites must fully meet Level A, AA, or AAA levels.
2. Full Pages: Conformance and conformance levels account for the entire website or web page. It does not exclude a part of the website or a web page or evaluate each page individually.
3. Complete Process: If a web page is part of a multi-page process where a sequence of steps must be completed to accomplish an activity, all web pages must conform at the specified Level or better. Conformance can only be achieved if all pages in the sequence of steps conform at that Level or better.
4. Only Accessibility-Supported Ways of Using Technologies: Accessibility-supported technologies must be used to satisfy the success criteria. Any information or functionality not supported must also be available in a way that is accessibility supported.
5. Non-interference: If technologies are used in a way that is not accessibility supported, or if they are used in a non-conforming way, they must not prevent users from accessing the rest of the page. Additional requirements may also apply.
For more information, review W3C’s Understanding Conformance.

Building a Strategy for WCAG Conformance

Every online business should commit to web accessibility. Thankfully, WCAG makes this process more manageable. By planning to test your content against WCAG Level AA, you can find and address barriers affecting your users.

At 216digital, we’re dedicated to helping businesses achieve WCAG conformance. We can help develop a strategy to integrate WCAG 2.1 compliance into your development roadmap on your terms so you can focus on your other tasks.

Would you like to know where your business stands today? Schedule a complimentary ADA Strategy Briefing with 216digital to get a free scan of any URL and uncover accessibility issues on your site.
Greg McNeil

July 10, 2023

WCAG Compliance

Accessibility, ADA Compliance, ADA non-compliance, ADA Website Compliance, WCAG, Website Accessibility
AI for ADA Web Remediation: Is It the Right Choice?

The web, a vast and sprawling network of information, has become a fundamental part of our lives. From education to work, communication to commerce, it shapes how we interact and learn. However, it’s not always as accessible as it should be for everyone. Web accessibility is a pivotal matter that guarantees everyone, including people with disabilities, can perceive, understand, navigate, and interact with the web. But what role does powerful artificial intelligence (AI), like Accessibe, UserWay, and ChatGPT, play in this realm? And, is it suitable for web remediation?

What is AI?

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a field of computer science that aims to create systems capable of performing tasks that usually require human intelligence. This includes learning, understanding language, recognizing patterns, solving problems, and making decisions.

AI uses various techniques, most commonly machine learning (ML), where machines are programmed to learn and improve from experience. ChatGPT is, of course, a famous example.

ChatGPT

ChatGPT is a state-of-the-art AI language model developed by OpenAI. It leverages machine learning to understand and generate human-like text based on the inputs it receives. ChatGPT and similar machine learning models have vast potential in their applications. Its applications include coding, composing music, writing emails or essays, and playing complex games like Chess.

While some worry that the mass adoption of AI might take away jobs or make it easier for people to cheat or plagiarize, it has made others question if AI could help with ADA web remediation. While AI has shown tremendous potential in various fields, there are reasons why it may not be the best solution for ADA web remediation.

AI and Machine Learning in Web Remediation

AI and machine learning shows great promise in various fields, including web accessibility. Common AI web accessibility solutions include tools like Accessibe, UserWay, and AudioEye. However, even the most sophisticated AI, like ChatGPT, has limitations. Let’s explore how AI and ML can be applied to web accessibility.

AI Testing for ADA Web Compliance

AI systems can be trained to recognize certain patterns, enabling them to evaluate websites against Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) criteria. However, this method is not foolproof.

Many WCAG requirements, such as ensuring content makes sense when read out of context or assessing whether a site is easy to navigate, require a nuanced understanding of human interaction that AI currently lacks. In fact, AI can only identify 30% of WCAG 2.1 A and AA success criteria.

David O’Neill, a well-known figure in accessibility and technology, says, “[AI] can identify accessibility issues, but it cannot replace a human being in terms of applying the necessary context or making the relevant decisions.”

AI Remediating Accessibility Issues

When it comes to fixing accessibility issues, AI may fall short. AI can automate some remediation tasks, like adjusting elements on a webpage, such as text size, color contrast, or page navigation. However, this automatic correction can also introduce new accessibility issues. AI algorithms can misinterpret complex web page elements, leading to flawed solutions that don’t fully address accessibility needs or might cause more barriers.

AI Creating Alternative Text Descriptions

AI has made significant strides in image recognition, leading to the idea that it could be used to generate alternative text descriptions for images. However, though AI can identify the objects in a photo, it still struggles to provide meaningful context. For example, an AI might recognize and describe an image as “a person standing in a room,” but a human could provide more context, like “John, laughing while decorating the Christmas tree.”

Predicting and Prioritizing Accessibility Issues

AI and ML algorithms can predict common accessibility issues based on patterns from past data. However, predicting is one thing; prioritizing and rectifying these issues is the real challenge. AI lacks contextual understanding, which is often vital in prioritizing and addressing barriers. For instance, AI might deprioritize fixing small font sizes based on frequency. Still, for an elderly user or someone with visual impairments, this is a critical issue.

So, at a glance, AI offers some promising solutions. But should we entirely trust AI for web remediation?

Limitations of AI for ADA Remediation

While AI and ML have made strides in web accessibility, it is clear they can’t replace the expertise and experience of a web accessibility agency.

AI can certainly help identify some common accessibility issues. But to thoroughly evaluate the accessibility of a website and remediate potential problems, you need a detailed understanding of how people with disabilities interact with digital content. This level of insight requires human empathy, contextual understanding, and years of experience, something AI currently lacks.

AI cannot comprehend the intent of a web page or the nuance behind the design. It can’t understand the user journey in the same way that a professional with experience in web accessibility can.

Manual Auditing: The Gold Standard

While automating the process might be tempting, manual auditing remains the gold standard for ADA web remediation.

A manual audit offers depth and understanding that AI currently cannot match. With a comprehensive understanding of user experience from various perspectives, human auditors can identify barriers to accessibility that AI might miss. This is because professional auditors are experienced in recognizing how individuals with disabilities navigate and interact with web content.

By leveraging the expertise of professionals, you can ensure that every aspect of your website meets WCAG standards. They can understand the unique context and nuances of your website, something which even the most advanced AI, like ChatGPT, cannot fully emulate.

Partner with 216digital for ADA Web Remediation

When it comes to ADA web remediation, consulting professional web accessibility agencies like 216digital provides a distinct advantage. Our team of experts understands the intricacies of web accessibility and how to make your website more accessible and compliant with ADA and WCAG guidelines.

Unlike AI, 216digital offers customized strategies based on a comprehensive understanding of your website and its users. We don’t just look for issues; we also devise the best ways to remediate them in light of your site’s purpose and design.

As David O’Neill points out, “There is a role for automation in accessibility… [But] there is also a clear need for manual testing.” At 216digital, we combine the best of both worlds, using technology to aid in identifying issues while relying on our human expertise for effective remediation.

For comprehensive ADA web remediation, trust the experts at 216digital. Schedule a complimentary ADA Strategy Briefing today.

Greg McNeil

June 15, 2023

Testing & Remediation

Accessibility, ADA Compliance, ADA non-compliance, ADA Website Compliance, Website Accessibility, Website Accessibility Tools
What is Manual Testing and Remediation?
Are you a website owner striving to make your site more accessible? If so, you’re already ahead of the curve, recognizing the critical role of web accessibility in our digital age. So far, you might have relied on automated tools for testing web accessibility. While these are useful, they have limitations. That’s where manual testing and remediation come into play.

But what is manual testing? If you’ve heard of the term but aren’t quite sure what it means, don’t worry! We’ve got you covered. This article will give you an in-depth understanding of manual audits and how to use them to make your site more inclusive. Let’s dive in!

The Current Limits of Automation

Automated tools have made testing websites for accessibility issues a breeze, detecting common problems quickly and efficiently. However, they can’t replicate the intuition, judgment, and understanding of real human users. While automated tools can detect clear-cut technical issues, they miss out on nuances only a trained professional can spot.

In fact, 70% of accessibility issues require a human review to correctly interpret standards and navigate gray areas outside automation’s grasp. The limited scope of even the most advanced automation will leave many compliance issues unresolved and your company at risk for a frivolous ADA lawsuit. That’s because web accessibility isn’t just about ticking boxes or passing tests; it’s about creating an enjoyable user experience for everyone. And this is where manual testing excels.

What is Manual Testing and Remediation?

Manual testing and remediation is a hands-on approach to web accessibility. Accessibility experts will navigate through your site, examining each element to ensure it meets the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG).

It’s a meticulous process that requires experts to use a variety of browsers and assistive technologies, such as screen readers or voice recognition software, to help diagnose subtle hindrances to accessibility. This thorough testing method often helps to find accessibility issues caused by code that technically conforms to WCAG. However, these issues will cause unexpected problems for some or all users with disabilities.

Once the manual audit is complete, the experts will deliver a report providing recommendations for remediation. A developer will then use that report to analyze and fix the site’s source code.

Why Choose Manual Testing?

It’s the human touch! Computers are great for many things, but they can’t replicate the intuition, judgment, and understanding of real human users. While automated tools can detect clear-cut technical issues, they miss out on nuances only a trained professional can spot. Some of these include:

Functionality

Imagine trying to navigate your site without a mouse. Sounds challenging, right? Yet, this is a reality for many users. Some people may use only a keyboard or switch devices to navigate the web due to physical impairments or personal preference.

Manual audits involve navigating your website using only a keyboard to ensure that all interactive content and functionalities are reachable and usable. Basic keyboard controls include the Tab and arrow keys to navigate through links, buttons, and form fields and Enter to select. Your site should allow users to skip to main content areas or navigation menus with keyboard shortcuts to prevent ‘Tab fatigue.’

While automated audits can detect some critical features for functionality, they are not able to test for the following:
- Contains focus outlines, highlighting focused elements such as form fields or button
- Navigating header menus and links
- Navigating through one and or multiple pages
- Keyboard traps (Users are unable to move away from a selected element)
Screen Reader Compatibility

Screen readers are assistive tools that convert on-screen text into spoken words or braille output. Low-vision users most commonly utilize this tool, and it can be challenging to replicate through automated testing.

During manual testing, however, professionals can use screen readers to navigate the website to ensure that all visual information is read aloud accurately, allowing low-vision users to interact effectively with all elements. This includes images, links, form fields, buttons, and more.

For example, if you have an image on your site, that’s essential for understanding the content. Automated tools might recognize the existence of the image and its associated text description. Still, they won’t be able to judge if the alt text accurately represents the image’s content.

Content Review

The content of your website is its bread and butter. Without your content functioning as intended, you could leave your users scratching their heads.

While it’s not difficult for an automated scanner to detect if pages have missing content, such as alt text or page header, it can’t notice if they are used in the correct context or if it makes sense for the user. Utilizing a manual audit will ensure that content is readable and makes sense not just for the user but for search engines, which can directly lead to more business opportunities for a company.

A content review includes ensuring text is clear and readable, images have alternative text descriptions (also known as ‘alt text’), and information is presented logically and in understandable order.

When a Manual Audit is Needed

A manual audit must be conducted on a website instead of just an automated scan. Automated audits can’t account for the nuances of human consciousness, and it’s essential that all users have the same experience regardless of their disability. For people with disabilities, navigating online is a personalized and delicate process, as should the auditing process.

Facing an ADA Web Accessibility Lawsuit

Under more severe circumstances, if you’re facing a lawsuit, you must fix any issues cited in the complaint. The biggest problem with these complaints is that they’re vague, and this is usually done on purpose for two reasons:
- Easier to justify the lawsuit
- Allows enough wiggle room to allow plaintiffs to file a copycat lawsuit or sue again for a different issue, claiming that the problems were never fixed.
So getting a manual audit and taking your website through some digital remediation is significantly less than the cost of a lawsuit because not only do you have to pay for the suit, but you’ll also be paying legal fees and your chances of actually getting out of a lawsuit are slim to none as 95% of them are settled outside court.

What Components Make A Good Manual Audit?

All audits are not created equal, but a good audit report will be very detailed and thorough. It starts with the scope of the audit in conjunction with the detail and clarity in which it is conveyed to you and your web developer.

Your audit serves as a blueprint that needs to be followed step-by-step to fix the problems on your website and make it accessible. So having a report that is too broad can cause you to miss important details or, if they’re too vague, you could still be missing vital information.

In every report that we conduct at 216digital, we include the steps needed to recreate non-compliant issues, including:
1. A detailed list of issues: The report will specify what WCAG criteria were violated, their location on your website, screenshots and code snippets for clarity, and how severe they are.
2. Recommendations for remediation: The report will offer practical solutions to remediate issues, the urgency to fix them, and the link to exact WCAG guidelines
3. Compliance level: It should indicate how compliant your website is with established accessibility standards, like the WCAG.
4. User-focused insights: It should include feedback from users with disabilities, offering a real-world perspective on how accessible your website is.
5. Ongoing Web Accessibility: Suggest tools or practices for maintaining accessibility in the future.
We use an Excel Spreadsheet with multiple tabs detailing these issues comprehensively to ensure that you or a developer can clearly understand the problems and methodically go through the audit to implement the required changes.

What You Should Look for in an Accessibility Partner

When choosing an accessibility partner, you should first look for expertise and experience. Website accessibility is both a confusing and highly litigious process that requires experts to guide clients through and resolve these problems.

A good measurement of whether you have a qualified accessibility partner is by asking:
- How many audits have they done?
- What are the professional credentials?
- How many years have they been in business?
- What is their process to find non-compliant issues?
- Do they offer remediation services or guidance for identified issues?
- Do they provide aftercare training or tools to maintain accessibility in the future?
Every website is different, so having professionals that are thorough and will check every non-compliant finding is critical.

Bring Your Site to a New Level of Accessibility

Enhancing your website’s accessibility is an ongoing process. While automation is an excellent starting point, manual testing, and remediation are indispensable for comprehensive web accessibility. By going beyond the capabilities of automated tools, you’ll create a site that meets legal requirements and a platform that truly resonates with your entire audience, opening doors to even greater user engagement and broader markets. So, make the move and bring your site to a new level of accessibility today with 216digital!

At 216digital, we can help develop a strategy to integrate WCAG 2.1 compliance into your development roadmap on your terms. To learn more about how the ADA experts at 216digital can help build an ADA WCAG 2.1 compliance strategy to achieve ongoing, real-world accessibility on your terms, schedule an ADA Strategy Briefing.
Greg McNeil

June 15, 2023

Testing & Remediation

Accessibility, ADA Compliance, ADA non-compliance, ADA Website Compliance, manual audit, Manual Testing, Website Accessibility
A Comprehensive Guide to ADA Web Compliance
As a business owner, you are likely aware that the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) is a federal law mandating inclusion for people with disabilities in all areas of public life. Did you know, however, that these protections also extend to websites? The number of website accessibility lawsuits has steadily risen — from 2,314 in 2018 to 4,061 in 2022.

But don’t worry. We’ve got you covered! In this guide, we’ll take a look at what you need to know as an online business owner about the ADA and its implications for your website, including:
What is the ADA?

The ADA, or the Americans with Disabilities Act, is a federal law that prohibits discrimination against people with disabilities in all areas of public life. The primary goal of this law is to ensure that people with disabilities have the same rights and opportunities as everyone else.

The ADA draws on the precedent set by Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act, which guarantees certain rights to people with disabilities. However, the Rehabilitation Act was very limiting, only applying to the government sector (later amended and updated by Section 508).

What Does the ADA Cover?

ADA is a very broad piece of legislation that is divided into five titles. The part of the ADA that affects the way that businesses serve customers and employees is called “Title III.”

Title III of the ADA, which affects how businesses serve customers and employees, prohibits discrimination in “places of public accommodation.” These “public accommodations” refer to privately owned entities such as restaurants, schools, recreation facilities, and retail stores.

The ADA necessitates two main things:
1. Employers must provide necessary accommodations for employees with disabilities to perform their job duties, which may involve accessible restrooms and appropriate office equipment.
2. Businesses must ensure that their services are accessible to customers with disabilities. This requires features such as wheelchair ramps for building entrances, American Sign Language (ASL) interpretations, and accommodations for service animals.
Who Has To Be ADA Compliant?

There’s a common misconception that ADA only applies to large corporations or physical brick-and-mortar stores. Any business with 15 or more employees or any that operates publicly must comply with the ADA. However, this rule does not apply to websites—businesses of all sizes may be served with ADA non-compliance litigation.

That means that ADA affects:
- Places of entertainment such as theaters and concert halls
- Restaurants
- Retail stores
- Doctors’ offices
- State and local government offices, employment agencies, and labor unions
- Schools and daycare facilities
Is ADA Compliance Mandatory for Websites?

While it was clear from the beginning that the ADA would affect brick-and-mortar stores, it was less obvious if it would cover websites and online applications. As the internet and websites started to play a bigger role in how consumers interact with businesses, the way the ADA is applied to web accessibility had to change.

In 2010, the Department of Justice (DOJ) began rulemaking activity to assert that all business websites are “places of public accommodation” under Title III of the ADA. The final Notice of Proposed Rulemaking, however, has been postponed by the DOJ multiple times.

It wasn’t until late 2021 and early 2022 that the DOJ entered into multiple settlement agreements concerning the accessibility of websites used for COVID-19 vaccines. These emphasized that the DOJ “…has consistently maintained that the ADA’s requirements apply to all goods, services, privileges, or activities offered by public accommodations, including those offered on the web.”

Today, US courts apply ADA accessibility requirements to all online domains, including websites and other web-based applications. Consequently, businesses should strive to comply with ADA rules.

How Does the ADA Assess Web Accessibility?

Due to the DOJ’s delay in releasing technical standards for web accessibility, confusion has emerged among businesses and website owners about what is required for ADA compliance. As a result, the DOJ often refers to the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG), developed by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), as the standard for ADA web compliance.

WCAG 2.1 Level AA has become the benchmark for ADA web compliance, even referenced in many joint lawsuits with the DOJ. However, it is important to note that there is no legal standard— even achieving WCAG 2.1 AA conformance does not fully protect you from lawsuits.

WCAG 2.1 consists of 78 success criteria written as pass-or-fail statements that address common accessibility issues, such as miss or non-descriptive alternative text and keyboard navigation.

The Rise of ADA Web Compliance Lawsuits

An ADA web accessibility lawsuit can be filed by anyone who feels they have been discriminated against due to a website’s inaccessibility.

The ADA’s relevance to websites and online applications is more than just theoretical. Since 2017, ADA Title III related lawsuits have skyrocketed, with 2,314 lawsuits filed in 2018 and over 4,061 cases in 2022. Overall, web accessibility lawsuits have increased by 175% over the past five years. Furthermore, these figures don’t include the rising number of ADA legal complaints and ADA compliance demand letters sent to businesses with non-accessible websites.

In 2022, 1,500 demand letters were sent per week. This represents a steep incline in legal actions pursued following the notice of non-accessible websites on the internet.

As an online business or website owner, it’s critical to ensure your website is accessible to everyone, regardless of their disability. Doing so not only helps avoid legal action but also broadens your audience.

What Are the Most Common Accessibility Issues Cited In Legal Claims?

Most ADA website compliance lawsuits center around a few recurring issues, including:
1. Missing Image Descriptions or Alt Text: Images should have descriptive alt text that provides context or meaning for those who can’t see them.
2. Empty Links and Buttons: All links and buttons should have descriptive labels or text to inform users about their purpose.
3. Info and Content Structure: Information should be organized logically, and the content structure should be easily navigable by assistive technologies.
Why You Need to Take ADA Web Compliance Lawsuits Seriously

Web accessibility cases against large companies like Domino’s, Netflix, and H&R Block made headlines. However, most lawsuits are against small to medium-sized businesses. In 2022, 72% of ADA non-compliance lawsuits involved companies with less than $50 million in annual revenue.

These lawsuits can lead to stiff penalties. For example, businesses that violate Title III of the ADA may face a maximum civil penalty of $75,000 for a first violation. Subsequent violations have been seen with up to a $150,000 fine. Since the court would inevitably favor the plaintiff, small business owners often feel they have no choice but to settle out of court. But even the average ADA website lawsuit settlement still comes to $35,000.

The implications are clear: a non-accessible website is a significant liability for any company operating on the web today.

Find Out If Your Website is ADA Compliant

As a website owner, you must ensure your site is accessible to all, including those with disabilities. Understanding ADA Title III is a crucial step toward achieving this goal. Although the process may seem daunting, it’s a worthy investment that helps you avoid legal complications and improves your website’s usability and reach. So, why not start reviewing your website’s accessibility today?

Find out if your website is ADA compliant today by scheduling a 15-minute complimentary website audit and consultation with our experts at 216digital. We can help determine if your website is at risk of a lawsuit and offer fast, effective ADA compliance solutions. This ensures your site is accessible to everyone, reducing your risk of litigation so you can continue focusing on what matters most: running your business.
Greg McNeil

June 15, 2023

Legal Compliance

Accessibility, ADA Compliance, ADA non-compliance, ADA Website Compliance, Website Accessibility, Website Accessibility Tools
Mitigating ADA Lawsuit Risk: Affordable Solutions for Online Businesses
Are you worried about your ADA compliance as an online business owner or website manager? If so, you may be aware that many companies have faced lawsuits due to non-compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). These guidelines protect people with disabilities and provide barrier-free access to web content. Failing to comply with these guidelines could lead to costly legal battles. However, achieving full ADA compliance might appear daunting and costly.

The good news is that there are several steps you can take to mitigate the risk of an ADA lawsuit without breaking the bank. In this blog, we will discuss practical and budget-friendly solutions to enhance your website’s accessibility.

The Americans with Disabilities Act

The Americans with Disabilities Act is a civil law that protects the rights of people with disabilities in all areas of public life. While the ADA does not explicitly mention online content, the courts have clarified that the law does apply to websites, specifically Title III. Title III of the ADA prohibits the discrimination of those with disabilities in places of public accommodation.

In fact, in 2010, the Department of Justice (DOJ) stated that websites are public places subject to the ADA’s requirements. Unfortunately, this ruling has exposed millions of online businesses to the risk of a frivolous ADA lawsuit.

What is an ADA Web Accessibility Lawsuit?

An ADA Web Accessibility Lawsuit can be filed by anyone who feels that they have been discriminated against due to the inaccessibility of a website. The consequences of such a lawsuit can be severe, including hefty fines, legal fees, and damage to the business’s reputation.

In recent years, there has been an increase in lawsuits filed against website owners for failing to comply with ADA. In 2022, 2,387 web accessibility lawsuits were filed in Federal and California State Courts under the Unruh Act. However, 97% of demand letters are settled and never evolve into a case. This means plaintiffs sent more than 1,500 demand letters per week in 2022.

As an online business or website owner, it is essential to ensure your website is accessible to everyone, regardless of their disability. By doing so, you can not only avoid legal action but also open yourself up to a wider audience and improve the overall user experience for your customers.

How to Mitigate the Risk of a Website Accessibility Lawsuit

The best way to avoid an ADA lawsuit is to ensure your website is accessible to all users, including those with disabilities. You may not have the time or money to make your site fully compliant, but fear not! There are steps you can take to make your website more accessible:

Conduct a Self-Evaluation

The first step is understanding your website’s current level of accessibility. Conduct a self-evaluation of your website to identify areas where it may not comply with the ADA. This can involve using automated testing tools or manual testing with assistive technologies such as screen readers.

Many free tools are available online to help with this process, such as WAVE (Web Accessibility Evaluation Tool) and Google Lighthouse. These tools will generate reports highlighting areas of your website that need improvement, making it easier to prioritize the most critical issues.

Prioritize High-Impact Issues

Not all accessibility issues carry equal weight. To make the most of your limited time and resources, focus on the high-impact issues that will benefit the most users. These may include:
- Ensuring your website is keyboard-accessible
- Providing alternative text descriptions for images
- Offering clear and concise labels for forms and buttons
- Navigational menus and links
Addressing these areas will significantly improve the user experience for those with disabilities, reducing the likelihood of complaints and lawsuits.

Develop a Plan

Now that you’ve identified and prioritized your website’s accessibility barriers, develop a plan to address them. Break your plan into manageable steps, set realistic deadlines, and allocate resources accordingly. While it might not be possible to address all issues immediately, demonstrating a commitment to improving accessibility can help mitigate legal risks.

Add an Accessibility Statement and Contact Information

Include an accessibility statement to demonstrate your commitment to web accessibility. This can be an essential part of your defense in an ADA lawsuit. Your statement should include information about your commitment to accessibility, steps taken to improve accessibility, and how users can report issues or request accommodations.

Make sure your contact information is easily accessible on your website, allowing users with disabilities to reach out to you with concerns or suggestions.

Be Responsive to Complaints

Addressing accessibility complaints promptly and effectively can demonstrate your commitment to making your website more accessible. If a user reports an issue, take the time to understand their concerns and work to resolve the problem as quickly as possible. In addition, documenting your responsiveness to complaints can be invaluable in case of a legal challenge.

Keep an Eye on Updates

Web accessibility standards and best practices are constantly evolving. Stay informed about updates to the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) and other relevant resources, such as the ADA‘s website. Regularly reevaluate your website to ensure that it remains compliant with current standards.

Get an ADA Lawsuit Risk Audit

Finally, consider investing in a professional ADA lawsuit risk audit. While it may be an additional expense, a professional audit can provide valuable insights into your website’s accessibility status and potential legal risks. An audit can help identify areas that need improvement and provide guidance on how to address them.

Prevent an ADA Website Lawsuit

Achieving full ADA compliance can be challenging, especially for small businesses with limited time and resources. However, it’s essential to keep in mind that, even if you take these steps, it is still possible to be sued for having a website that is not fully compliant with the ADA. But, by taking these steps, you can demonstrate that you are taking the matter seriously and making a good-faith effort to comply with the law. Remember, the key is to be proactive, prioritize high-impact issues, and demonstrate a commitment to accessibility. By doing so, you’ll protect your business from legal exposure and create a more inclusive online experience for all users.

216digital Specializes in Web Accessibility

If you would like to learn more about your risk of an ADA lawsuit and the steps you can take to protect your website against frivolous ADA lawsuits, schedule a complementary ADA Strategy Briefing with 216digital.

216digital’s can let you know whether your website is at risk of an ADA lawsuit and provide professional services dedicated to ensuring your website stays off of the radar of predatory law firms so you can continue focusing on what matters most, running your business.
Greg McNeil

April 28, 2023

Legal Compliance

Accessibility, ADA Compliance, ADA Lawsuit, ADA non-compliance, ADA Web Accessibility, ADA Website Compliance, Website Accessibility
5 Types of Assistive Technology Tools
The Internet is an essential resource for people worldwide. It provides access to information, entertainment, and services that make daily life easier. However, for people with disabilities, navigating the web can be a daunting task. That’s where assistive technology comes in. They help to bridge the gap and make the web more accessible for everyone.

So, what does your online business need to know about assistive technologies, and how can you make sure your website is compatible? In this post, we’ll break down the following:
- What Is Assistive Technology?
- What are 5 Types of Assistive Technology Tools?
- How Can I Make My Website Accessible?
What Is Assistive Technology?

Assistive technology(AT) is any tool or device that helps individuals with disabilities to access, navigate, and interact with web content. These tools can be hardware or software solutions that make it easier for people with various impairments to access and use websites and other digital resources. For example, a switch device using blinking or tapping can replace the need for a keyboard or mouse.

Typically, four main types of disabilities need to be considered.
- Visual: People who are blind, have low vision, or are color blind.
- Auditory: People who are hard of hearing or deaf.
- Motor: People who have limited fine motor control, muscle slowness, or tremors and spasms
- Cognitive: Cognitive disabilities hinder the behavior and intellectual development of a person. This includes a broad range of disabilities, from mental illnesses to learning disabilities or old age.
Different types of ATs are built to help each of these groups access web content. These tools are designed to bridge the gap between the users’ abilities and the demands of websites, making the web more accessible and inclusive.

What are 5 Types of Assistive Technology Tools?

With so many different types of assistive technology, it can be challenging to know where to start. So here are five of the most common types and how they help support people with disabilities browse the web:

1. Screen Magnification Software

Did you know that over 200 million people worldwide have a visual impairment that makes it difficult to read standard-sized text on a screen? Users with low vision often rely on magnification tools, such as screen magnifiers or browser zoom features, to make content legible or to reduce eye strain.

Most web browsers can “zoom in” on content, but screen magnification software works differently. Tools like MAGic, Windows Magnifier, and Apple’s Zoom magnify a part of the screen at a time, preserving the web page’s layout.

However, many users prefer to use the zoom function on their browsers. So don’t assume anyone with a visual impairment will only use screen magnification software when accessing your website.

The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) are a set of intentionally shared standards for website accessibility. For example, WCAG’s “Resize Text” guideline requires content to be zoomed in at least 200% before losing content or functionality.

2. Screen Readers

Screen readers are essential for users who are blind or have severe visual impairments. These software programs convert on-screen text into spoken words or braille output. As a result, users can navigate and interact with your website using only auditory feedback.

Popular screen readers include JAWS (Job Access With Speech), NVDA (NonVisual Desktop Access), and VoiceOver (for Apple devices). Each screen reader has its capabilities and limitations for carrying out tasks. However, screen readers only work if websites are compliant.

Here are a few examples of WCAG guidelines that are essential for screen readers:
- Providing all non-text content (images, form fields, video, audio, etc.) with alternative text descriptions. For example, images should have a text description that explains the image’s purpose on the page.
- Websites should use clear, descriptive headings and labels.
- Websites can be navigated with a keyboard or an alternate keyboard only.
3. Voice Recognition

One of the growing advances in AT is voice recognition. Voice recognition technology lets users control their browsers, dictate text, and interact with websites using only their voices. By enabling voice commands, users can navigate, click on links, fill out forms, and perform other tasks without using their hands.

Users should be able to use common commands such as “go to the homepage” to operate websites in predictable ways. However, web content must be designed and coded for users to use voice recognition tools.

Here are a few WCAG guidelines that can help improve the browsing experience for speech recognition users:
- Provide users with a clear visual indicator of which element is the current focus. Without focus indicators, users might not know what they’re controlling.
- Use labels and identifiers for interactive elements. Each element’s programmatic label should match its visual presentation. For instance, if a user sees a “submit” button on a page form, they should be able to say “submit” to activate the control and complete the form.
- Remove any keyboard traps that would prevent users from navigating your site after focusing on a certain element.
4. Switch Devices

A switch device is a specialized input tool that replaces the need for a keyboard or mouse. It is used by people with physical disabilities or fine motor impairments to access and control computers, smartphones, and other communication devices.

However, switch devices vary based on the user’s mobility, preferences, and settings. This can include pressing a button, blowing into a tube, or even moving an eyebrow. For example, users can press a large, round button with their hand, foot, or whatever is most comfortable. Then, on the screen, a focus indicator will automatically cycle through different elements on the site, and the user can click to activate the switch.

Like voice recognition AT, switch devices require similar WCAG standards to be implemented on a website for users to engage in the content.

5. Closed Captioning Services

Most of us are more familiar with closed captions, from streaming services and YouTube to video calls with Zoom. However, although it’s one of the more popular ATs, it is often overlooked.

Closed captioning services provide on-screen text corresponding to video and multimedia presentations’ audio content. By providing accurate and synchronized text captions for your multimedia content, you’re allowing users who are deaf or hard of hearing to understand and engage with your website. For this reason, WCAG requires all pre-recorded audio content to be clearly labeled, except for media with an alternative text option.

However, while automatic caption tools are available, they are far from perfect. For instance, we have all watched a YouTube video where captions do not always align with the speaker’s words. If it was not for our ability to hear, the message’s meaning would be different based on what the auto caption filled in. Therefore, it is highly recommended to use closed captioning services that employ human transcribers to make captions and transcripts more accurate.

How Can I Make My Website More Accessible?

With so many different types of AT available, it can be hard to know where to start. But regardless of where you are on your accessibility journey, we’re here to help. At 216digital, we can help develop a strategy to integrate WCAG 2.1 compliance into your development roadmap on your terms. Providing an accessible browsing experience to all your users, including those with disabilities.

To learn more about how the ADA experts at 216digital can help build an ADA WCAG 2.1 compliance strategy to achieve ongoing, real-world accessibility on your terms, schedule an ADA Strategy Briefing.
Greg McNeil

April 28, 2023

WCAG Compliance

Accessibility, ADA Compliance, ADA Website Compliance, Website Accessibility
What to Expect from WCAG 2.2
Are you an online business or website owner? If so, you must be aware of the critical changes in the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.2! The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) is expected to release the latest version of WCAG in May 2023. So stay ahead of the curve and ensure your website remains accessible to all users, including those with disabilities. Here’s what you need to know about the proposed changes — and how they will affect your current WCAG compliance. And remember, when WCAG 2.2 goes live, 216digital will be here to help.

Why is WCAG Changing?

WCAG is a set of guidelines designed to help make web content more accessible to people with disabilities. However, as technology and user preferences change, so must WCAG’s standards. Each new standard introduced is developed by the Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI). In 2021, WAI announced they were starting to work on the draft for WCAG 2.2, which is finally expected to be released sometime next month.

WCAG can be changed to add new success criteria or to change a current guideline’s conformance level. But, it will not remove any guidelines or change any language. Currently, WCAG 2.2 is based on the same three conformance levels as the previous versions: Level A, AA, and AAA.

Level A

Level A is the lowest level of conformance and the easiest to achieve with minimal impact on a website’s structure or design. It allows websites to be broadly accessible as it addresses the most basic access issues.

Level AA

By meeting the success criteria for Level AA, websites are considered reasonably accessible as they offer a higher level of conformity than Level A. AA is most often used as the compliance standard in lawsuits and is usable for most people.

Level AAA

Level AAA is the highest level of conformance and the most difficult to achieve. It is not often used as a goal to strive toward since it is not feasible for most websites to have the resources to meet this level.

What’s Changing In WCAG 2.2?

WCAG 2.2 introduces nine new success criteria along with minor changes to the instructions accompanying several established guidelines. However, each of these criteria is still up for feedback and changes, so there’s no guarantee that all of them will make it into the final version of WCAG 2.2.

Here’s a quick overview of the new guidelines — and how each one can help address web accessibility issues:

Guideline 2.4 Navigable

2.4.11 Focus Appearance (Minimum)

Level AA

Focus Appearance builds on two existing WCAG criteria, specifying the minimum requirements for focus indicators. The new guideline ensures that keyboard focus indicators are visible and easily distinguishable. They must have a clear border, are not obscured by other content, and have at least a color contrast ratio of 3:1 against the unfocused state and all adjacent colors.

The intent of WCAG 2.4.11 is to help low-vision users who use a keyboard for navigation. Users can quickly tell where they are on a page by ensuring the current focus point is visible.

2.4.12 Focus Not Obscured (Minimum)

Level AA

Knowing the current focus point is essential for sighted users who use a keyboard or keyboard-like device. However, sticky headers, pop-ups, and other content can sometimes obscure focused elements while a user is browsing.

However, Criterion 2.4.12 requires user interface components not to be entirely hidden from other content on the page. This lets users easily track the current focus point and avoid confusion.

2.4.13 Focus Not Obscured (Enhanced)

Level AAA

Similar to 2.4.12, 2.4.13 requires that no part of the focus indicator is hidden by other content.

Guideline 2.5 Input Modalities

2.5.7 Dragging Movements

Level AA

Drag and drop movements can be difficult and error-prone for many website users. Therefore, WCAG 2.5.7 requires that any functionality that uses a dragging movement for operation can also be achieved in other ways, like clicking. For example, a user could use a single tap, double tap, long presses, or path-based gestures instead of dragging an item. However, a dragging action is allowed when it is essential to the functionality of the content.

2.5.8 Target Size (Minimum)

Level AA

When buttons and other clickable elements are small, they can be challenging to interact with for people with fine motor impairments. The purpose of 2.5.8 is to ensure that when users select a target with a mouse or other device, they can do so easily without activating other nearby targets. Therefore, all clickable elements, such as links, must be at least 24 by 24 CSS pixels in size and spacing between adjacent targets.

2.5.8 provides a level AA alternative to 2.5.5: Target Size (Enhanced), which was introduced as part of WCAG 2.1. However, 2.5.5 requires the target size for all clickable elements to be at least 44 by 44 CSS pixels.

Guideline 3.2 Predictable

3.2.6: Consistent Help

Level A

The goal of 3.2.6 is to ensure that all users can easily find help when completing tasks on a web page. For example, suppose a help feature — such as search bars and help buttons — is available on multiple pages of a website. In that case, it must appear in the same relative place an order on each of the pages where it appears. This is particularly beneficial for users with cognitive disabilities or limited web experience, as they can quickly access help when needed.

Guideline 3.3 Input Assistance

3.3.7 Redundant Entry

Level A

For people with cognitive disabilities, logging into a website or mobile app can be challenging. The 3.3.7 level AA guideline tackles authentication processes that require the user to remember, manipulate, or transcribe information. Websites that use cognitive function tests must provide at least one other authentication method.

For instance, asking users to remember a password is a standard cognitive function test. But suppose the website allows entries from password manager browser extensions. In that case, the website has provided them with a mechanism to complete the process.

3.3.8 Accessible Authentication (Minimum)

Level AA

3.3.8 takes 3.37 further by not allowing any exceptions for cognitive function tests. For multi-step processes, 3.3.8 requires websites to auto-populate fields or enable users to select the information that they’ve previously entered. For example, suppose a website’s form requires the user to enter their address multiple times. In that case, the second field should either provide users with an option to select their address from the previous entry or auto-populate.

3.3.9: Redundant Entry ( Enhanced)

Level AAA

Similar to 3.3.7 and 3.3.8, 3.3.9 applies to the authentication process. However, 3.3.9 is a Level AAA guideline that does not require an authentication process unless that step provides an alternative authentication process or auto-populate.

Getting Ready for WCAG 2.2

While the full implementation of WCAG 2.2 may still be on the horizon, it’s never too early to start preparing. Here are some steps you can take to ensure a smooth transition:
1. Familiarize yourself with the new success criteria and understand their implications for your website.
2. Conduct an accessibility audit to identify areas that need improvement and align with WCAG 2.2 requirements.
3. Update your website’s design, content, and functionality to address the new criteria and improve accessibility.
4. Train your team on the importance of web accessibility and the new guidelines to ensure consistent implementation.
How Will the Revisions Affect My Current WCAG Compliance?

The transition from WCAG 2.1 to 2.2 will require some adjustments to your website, particularly in the areas of navigability, input modalities, predictability, and input assistance. However, these updates are designed to build upon the existing guidelines, so your current efforts will not be wasted. By proactively addressing these changes, you’ll ensure that your website remains compliant and accessible to all users.

When WCAG 2.2 Goes Live, We’ll Be Here to Help

When WCAG 2.2 goes live, you can count on 216digital to help you navigate the changes and maintain an accessible website. Our expert team will assess your website, provide recommendations, and implement the necessary adjustments to ensure your website meets the latest accessibility standards. Reach out to us today by scheduling a complementary ADA Strategy Briefing so that you can embrace the future of web accessibility with confidence.
Greg McNeil

April 28, 2023

WCAG Compliance

Accessibility, ADA Compliance, ADA Website Compliance, WCAG, WCAG 2.2, Website Accessibility
Facing an ADA Web Accessibility Lawsuit? Here’s What You Should Do

As an online business owner, the last thing you want is a lawsuit on your hands. Of course, you may have heard about the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and how it affects your website. But what happens if you’re faced with an ADA web accessibility lawsuit? Don’t worry, we’ve got you covered! This article will guide you through the process, covering everything from consulting your attorney to negotiating a settlement.

What is an ADA Web Accessibility Lawsuit?

A web accessibility lawsuit is a legal action taken against a website owner for violating the ADA due to a lack of accessibility on a website. The ADA is a civil law that protects the rights of people with disabilities in all areas of public life.

While ADA law does not explicitly mention digital content, the courts have interpreted the law to also apply to websites — specifically, Title III. Title III prohibits the discrimination of those with disabilities in places of public accommodation. In 2010, the Department of Justice (DOJ) stated that websites are public places and are subject to the ADA’s requirements.

In recent years, there has been an increase in lawsuits filed against website owners for failing to comply with the ADA. In 2022, there were 2,387 web accessibility lawsuits filed in Federal and California State Courts under the Unruh Act. However, each year there are an untold number of demand letters issued by law firms threatening legal action. It is estimated the number of ADA lawsuits filed each year is only a small fraction of the demand letters sent.

So, what should you do if you receive a demand letter?

Do Not Ignore the Demand Letter

If you receive a demand letter regarding your website’s accessibility, it’s crucial not to ignore it. This letter is often the first step in an ADA lawsuit and gives you a chance to address the issue before things escalate.

Ignoring the letter could result in a lawsuit, potential fines, and damage to your business’s reputation. Instead, take this opportunity to address the issues mentioned in the letter and avoid further legal complications.

But what if it’s too late, and you have already received an ADA web accessibility lawsuit? How should you respond?

How to Respond to an ADA Website Lawsuit

Suppose you find yourself facing an ADA web accessibility lawsuit. In that case, it’s crucial to understand the steps you should take to protect your business and resolve the issue.

1. Consult an Attorney

If you receive a complaint alleging that your website does not comply with ADA web accessibility guidelines, the first thing you should do is consult an attorney. Find a lawyer experienced in ADA compliance to help you understand the lawsuit and determine the best course of action. Your attorney will review the complaint, determine its validity, and advise you on the necessary steps to address the issues raised.

2. Review and Answer the Complaint

After consulting with your attorney, you will need to review the complaint thoroughly. This includes understanding the specific accessibility barriers the plaintiff claims to have encountered on your website. Then, work with your attorney to craft a response to the complaint. Address each of the allegations in the complaint and provide any necessary evidence to support your case. It’s essential to respond promptly and professionally. Any delays or lack of cooperation may negatively impact your case.

3. Get a Website Audit

Now that you know what the issues are in the complaint, you need to determine if your website is truly non-compliant. The best way to do this is by getting a website audit. A web accessibility expert will evaluate your website, identify any issues, and provide recommendations on how to make it ADA-compliant.

4. Remediate the Website

Once you have identified the issues with your website, it’s time to remediate them. This means updating your website to meet the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) and addressing specific issues in the lawsuit. It’s crucial to work closely with your web developer and accessibility consultant to ensure all the changes are implemented correctly. Keep in mind that making your website accessible is an ongoing process. It’s essential to monitor and maintain your accessibility over time.

5. Communicate with the Plaintiff

Throughout this process, maintain open communication with the plaintiff. Keeping the lines of communication open will demonstrate your commitment to resolving the issue and may lead to a more favorable outcome. Be transparent about the steps you’re taking to make your website accessible. This can help establish goodwill and demonstrate your commitment to resolving the issue. In some cases, proactive communication may lead to a quicker and more favorable resolution.

6. Negotiate a Settlement

If appropriate, negotiate a settlement with the plaintiff to resolve the lawsuit. Work with your attorney to negotiate a fair and reasonable settlement that both parties find acceptable. This may include monetary compensation for the plaintiff, a commitment to make your website accessible, and an agreement to cover the plaintiff’s attorney’s fees.

Don’t Wait to Get Sued: Prevent an ADA Website Lawsuit

It’s important to note that it is always better to proactively make your website accessible to individuals with disabilities in order to avoid getting sued in the first place. If a lawsuit has already been filed, it’s essential to work quickly to come into compliance and to demonstrate a good faith effort to resolve the issue.

It’s also important to keep in mind that even if you make your website compliant, it doesn’t mean that you are protected from any future lawsuits, as the standards are constantly evolving, so it’s crucial to keep your website updated and accessible for all users.

Worried About a Web Accessibility Lawsuit

Developed from our experience completing over 300 ADA remediation projects, 216digital’s Phase I ADA Remediation is custom developed to chart the steps you can take to quickly put your company in a position of strength to settle your ADA lawsuit. Each Phase I ADA remediation project is custom developed incorporating ADA Phase I remediation plan, timeline, staff training, and ongoing monitoring services. To learn more about engaging the ADA experts from 216digital to develop and lead a Phase I remediation project as part of your ADA lawsuit defense strategy, schedule a complementary ADA Strategy Briefing.

Greg McNeil

April 10, 2023

Legal Compliance

Accessibility, ADA Compliance, ADA Website Compliance, Website Accessibility
Do PDFs Need To Be Web Accessible?
PDFs have become a content staple for online businesses. From brochures and forms to e-books and reports, everyone uses PDFs, and with good reason. They’re compatible with most online content and are the ideal way to share and view information online.

But have you ever considered how accessible these documents are for disabled users? Despite their many advantages, PDFs often remain a closed book for people with disabilities.

Read on to learn what an accessible PDF is, how it will benefit your online business, and how to make your PDF files accessible to everyone.

The Popularity of PDF Documents

It’s not surprising that PDFs are used so much in the workplace. They are the perfect medium for presenting different types of information in a single document. Text, photos, charts, logos, and other items become fixed in a PDF, so the end-user can’t delete or reorder page elements.

PDFs also preserve the original formatting, fonts, and layout across different devices and operating systems. This ensures that your documents look the same to all users, regardless of their device.

Today, PDFs are the most widely used online document format. However, not all PDFs are made with accessibility in mind. While they may appear visually perfect, they can pose challenges for people with disabilities. But why are web-accessible PDFs important?

Why is PDF Accessibility Important?

While many businesses use PDFs for essential purposes, it’s important to remember that all online content must be fully accessible. Title III of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) requires businesses open to the public to provide complete and equal access to people with disabilities. Moreover, the Department of Justice (DOJ) has continuously taken the position that the ADA does apply to all online content, including PDFs.

When authoring your online documents, you must avoid creating barriers for individuals with disabilities. For example, many PDFs need the appropriate tags to define their structure and non-text content. These issues can create barriers for people who use screen readers and other assistive technologies. In that case, you may expose yourself to legal implications and accessibility-related lawsuits. So don’t take the risk; ensure that your PDFs are accessible.

Aren’t all PDFs Web Accessible?

Contrary to popular belief, PDFs are not automatically web-accessible. While all PDFs are created using standard desktop publishing tools, they are not explicitly designed with accessibility in mind. As a result, many PDFs contain severe obstacles that can be difficult for users with disabilities to navigate or understand.

For example, suppose someone with low vision or who is legally blind uses a screen reader. In that case, they won’t be able to read a standard PDF if it lacks alternative text descriptions for images. This is because assistive technology tools like screen readers are not automatically compatible with PDFs.

In order to make PDFs truly accessible, additional efforts must be taken to address these concerns.

How are Accessible PDFs Different?

The fundamental difference between an accessible and inaccessible PDF file is that one can be accessed, viewed, and interacted with by everybody. For a PDF to be considered accessible, it must meet a set of accessibility guidelines:
1. Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG): WCAG is the set of guidelines created by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) to make web content more accessible to people with disabilities. They provide pass-or-fail success criteria with recommendations that can be applied to web-delivered documents.WCAG 2.1 is the current standard, including specific guidelines for PDF accessibility.
2. PDF/UA 1 (ISO 14289-1) This is an international standard for accessible PDFs, which provides detailed technical specifications for creating accessible documents.
What Are Tag Trees, and How Do They Help Make PDFs Web Accessible?

Tagged trees, or “tag trees,” are the main elements for making a PDF accessible. These tags tell assistive technologies how to read the PDF content and identify headings, paragraphs, sections, and tables.

They ensure that assistive tech tools move from section to section in the correct order without skipping non-text items like graphs or images. By doing so, tag trees can help convey information about the document’s layout, reading order, and organization to assistive technologies.

Tag trees help make a PDF accessible in several ways:
1. Reading Order: Properly tagged PDFs define the correct reading order for the content, ensuring that the text is presented in a logical sequence that makes sense to the user. This is especially important for screen reader users who rely on a linear reading experience.
2. Alternative Text: Tags can include alternative text descriptions for non-text elements, such as images or charts. This allows screen readers to convey the purpose or meaning of these elements to users who cannot see them.
3. Navigation: Proper tagging enables users to navigate between different sections or elements of the document easily. For example, the user wants to move from one heading to another or jump to a specific list or table, proper tagging makes this possible.
To make PDFs accessible, they must be appropriately tagged. This can be done using various tools and software, such as Adobe Acrobat Pro, which allows you to add, edit, or validate tags in a PDF. By making PDFs accessible through the use of tag trees, you help ensure that people with disabilities can access, navigate, and understand your documents more effectively.

How to Make Your PDF Accessible

PDFs can be made accessible if you structure and tag them correctly to meet accessibility standards. However, creating your document with accessibility in mind from the beginning is much easier than editing it once it has been made!

Here are some tips to make your PDFs more accessible:
- Add descriptive text for images, charts, and other non-text elements.
- Ensure that your document follows a clear hierarchy with headings, lists, and tables (i.e., H1, H2, H3)
- Choose fonts that are easy to read and ensure sufficient contrast between text and background colors.
- If interactive form fields need to be completed, ensure the user can enter values and move from one field to the next logically using the keyboard.
Some tools like Adobe Acrobat Pro and Acrobat DC add tags automatically with the “save as accessible PDF” function. However, they are not perfect. You’ll still need to check tags manually to ensure they match the content and are ADA-compliant.

How to Check PDFs for Web Accessibility

Every organization needs to consider accessibility from the first stages of document creation. PDFs are not only a legal requirement in many jurisdictions but also a smart business strategy. By making your PDFs accessible, you can reach a larger audience, improve your SEO, and demonstrate your commitment to inclusivity. Start implementing web accessibility into your PDF documents today by scheduling a complementary ADA Strategy Briefing with 216digital. Unlock the full potential of your online business.
Greg McNeil

April 10, 2023

Legal Compliance, WCAG Compliance

Accessibility, ADA Compliance, ADA Website Compliance, Website Accessibility, Website Accessibility Tools
How Much Does Web Remediation Cost
For many businesses, one of the biggest barriers to web accessibility is the fear of how much it might cost. However, most people are a bit cloudy about what it does cost to make a website accessible. Or even the steps involved.

In this post, we suggest a framework to help you determine how much it will cost to make your website accessible with 216digital, and discuss the role of compliance in web accessibility.

Why Does Web Accessibility Matter?

Before we get into the basics of web remediation, it’s worth clarifying why it matters.

There are some clear ethical reasons to make sure everyone can access your website, regardless of their abilities. In the United States alone, up to 1 in 4 adults have a disability. If your site is not accessible, you may be turning away a large portion of the population.

There’s also an element of compliance and risk mitigation.

Title III of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) prohibits private businesses and other places of public accommodation from discrimination based on disability. Moreover, the Department of Justice (DOJ) has continuously reiterated that the ADA does apply to websites.

If your website is not accessible, you may be exposing your business to the threat of legal action. In fact, more than 4,000 lawsuits were filed in the United States in 2022.

How Can I Make Sure My Website is ADA Compliant?

The ADA requires that businesses ensure equal access to their goods and services, including websites. One of the best ways to mitigate risk is to follow the latest Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG). WCAG is the set of guidelines created by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) to make web content more accessible to people with disabilities. By complying with these guidelines, you can ensure your website is accessible to all users.

For more information on WCAG, check out our post What are the Levels of WCAG Compliance.

Determining the Cost of Compliance for Your Website

Imagine asking a mechanic for a quote without specifying what’s wrong with the vehicle. You probably wouldn’t get the answers you’re looking for.

Web accessibility usually works the same way. However, the cost of web accessibility can vary depending on the size and complexity of your website, the level of compliance you need to achieve, and the resources you have available. Factors that influence cost include:
- The number of pages on your site
- The complexity of the site’s features, including forms, interactive elements, or plugins
- The number and complexity of accessibility barriers
- The approach to manual remediation
- The complexity of the website’s environment or platform
- If there is a pending lawsuit, the number of listed barriers in the complaint
Why Do You Want Your Website to Be Accessible?

If remediation has no one-size-fits-all price, how do you determine its cost? Start by figuring out why you want your website or online application to be accessible / ADA-compliant.

Do you want to prevent an ADA web accessibility lawsuit?

Have you received an ADA web accessibility lawsuit?

Do you want to be fully inclusive?

Are you looking for ongoing ADA monitoring?

While you might think the focus for each of these goals would all be WCAG 2.1 AA compliance, it’s not. Instead, over a five-year period, our team of ADA experts analyzed and dissected the process of how 48 law firms select and target websites for ADA lawsuits. The results were surprising as it has little to do with real-world accessibility. But, sadly, even achieving WCAG 2.1 compliance can’t guarantee you won’t get hit with an ADA lawsuit because of the way law firms target websites for ADA lawsuits.

That’s why at 216digital, we have developed different services based on your ADA business objectives to put you in a position of strength.

Do You Want to Prevent an ADA Web Accessibility Lawsuit?

Our ADA Quick Audit is a fast and simple way to measure your website’s visibility to ADA non-compliance lawsuits. Through our years of experience in the trenches analyzing and studying these cases, we were able to develop internal monitoring processes and tools to determine their targeting process in which many of the prolific ADA non-compliance lawsuit firms identify their targets. As a result, we realized that the vast majority of cases are based on the results of automated scanning tools, so we developed ADA Quick Audit as a way for business owners to get ahead of the game and dramatically reduce their risk.

Have You Received an ADA Web Accessibility Lawsuit?

Our Phase I ADA Remediation project plans are custom developed to chart the steps you can take to quickly put your company in a position of strength to settle your ADA lawsuit and add the safeguards to ensure you’ll never have to waste another minute of your time on a frivolous ADA lawsuit. Each Phase I ADA remediation project includes an ADA Phase I remediation plan, timeline, staff training, and ongoing monitoring services.

Do You Want to be Fully Inclusive?

For individuals with disabilities or impairments, navigating online is a personalized and delicate process, as should the auditing process. However, more than half the work contributes nothing to ADA risk mitigation. So, why let real-world compliance hijack your development backlog with all the competing website enhancements that could add value to your business?

Real-World Accessibility on Your Terms means developing a strategy to integrate WCAG 2.1 compliance into your development roadmap as part of the development process. Our Web Accessibility Professionals will evaluate and examine the accessibility level of your website’s UI, source code, usability, and design. Then they will implement solutions focused on three key areas:
- Screen reader and assistive technology compatibility
- Keyboard-only navigation, operation, and orientation
- UI and design
Are You Looking for an ADA Monitoring Service

You’ve devoted countless hours and resources to making your website accessible. However, achieving WCAG 2.1 compliance can’t guarantee you won’t get hit with an ADA lawsuit.

We have found the majority of our clients had the same question – how can we make sure this doesn’t happen again, and who do we reach out to if we need further WCAG 2.1 AA expertise?

Whether you’ve already been served with an ADA non-compliance lawsuit or want to prevent being targeted, Accessibility Radar is a hands-off way to ensure you stay out of the crosshairs.

a11y.Radar ADA monitoring service reports on your ongoing accessibility efforts, whether conducted by your internal digital teams or an outside web agency. Access enhanced dashboards and receive updates to content, code, and user experience that could pose potential blocks to users or threaten your accessibility standards.

As a business owner, you have enough to worry about. So leave it 216digital to ensure you remain compliant.

Why Partner with 216digital?

Most web accessibility remediation agencies go straight for WCAG 2.1 AA compliance. Often, delivering automated audits identify accessibility barriers with little to no help in fixing them or maintaining your accessibility.

216digital intentionally focuses on identifying and remediating just the barriers that got you sued in the first place, putting you in a position of strength to settle your case sooner and prevent copycat lawsuits. To learn more about how the ADA experts at 216digital can help build an ADA WCAG 2.1 compliance strategy to achieve ongoing, real-world accessibility on your terms, schedule a complimentary 15-minute ADA Strategy Briefing with our experts.
Greg McNeil

April 10, 2023

Testing & Remediation

Accessibility, ADA Compliance, ADA Website Compliance, Website Accessibility
What’s the Difference Between Usability and Accessibility?
Imagine surfing the internet and being unable to read the text due to size. Or not being able to enjoy video content because it has low volume and lacks closed captions. That’s where web usability and accessibility come into play. These two concepts might seem the same at first, but usable content isn’t always accessible. So, what exactly do these terms mean, and how do they affect your online experience?

In this post, we’ll explore the differences between web usability and accessibility and how they work together to create an optimal user experience. Let’s look at each concept in more detail.

Understanding Usability

Website usability helps us understand the user’s needs. It applies a user-centric design process to make sure that websites are efficient, easy to use, and satisfy users. In other words, a website should be easy to navigate, have a clear layout, and include a responsive design.

For example, a website with excellent usability will make it simple for users to find information, complete tasks, and engage with the site’s content.

Some key principles of web usability include:
- Ease of learning: How easily can users accomplish basic tasks when encountering a website for the first time?
- Efficiency: Once users have learned the workings of a website, how quickly can they perform tasks?
- Recognition: When previous users return to a website, how easily can they remember what and how to do something?
- Errors: How often do users make errors, and how easily can they recover from them?
- Satisfaction: How pleasant is the website in terms of design and layout?
While usability is based on user experience, it doesn’t focus on users with disabilities. Web accessibility, on the other hand, does.

What is Web Accessibility?

Web accessibility is the practice of making websites usable by people with disabilities. It aims to remove barriers preventing these users from accessing, navigating, and interacting with the content. Allowing them to perceive, understand, navigate, and interact with websites and tools equally.

Some key principles of web accessibility include:
- Providing all non-text content (images, form fields, video, audio, etc.) with a text alternative that serves the equivalent purpose
- Making sure everything on the website can be done through keyboard navigation
- Using webpage titles that describe each page’s topic or purpose.
- Ensure the site’s navigational elements are consistent and predictable across every page.
- Allowing users with visual impairments to adjust the text size and contrast on a website.
Web Accessibility is a Part of Usability

While web accessibility focuses on ensuring that people with disabilities can use websites, web usability is about making a website easy to use for everyone. Although these concepts have different goals, they do share some similarities. For instance, both require clear navigation, readable text, and a logical structure.

However, it’s important to remember that a usable site and an accessible site are not always the same, and vice versa. For example, a website can be usable if it works well for everyone. Still, it could be inaccessible if it creates barriers for those with disabilities. On the other hand, a website can be accessible but not usable if it is designed for people with disabilities but lacks user-friendly features.

The goal is to create a website or tool that is both web accessible and usable, benefiting the widest range of users possible.

Web Accessible Design

There are guidelines and techniques for web accessibility. The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) is a set of recommendations created by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) to ensure web accessibility. These guidelines are organized under four main principles: perceivable, operable, understandable, and robust (POUR).

However, designers, developers, and business owners often only approach web accessibility as a checklist of standards to meet. As a result, the user’s interaction is often lost, and accessibility is not achieved.

Only by combining the accessibility standards and usability process can we make sure a website is technically and functionally usable by people with disabilities. This process is often referred to as usable accessibility or accessible user experience.

Testing for Web Accessibility and Usability

Testing is an essential step in making sure that your website is accessible and usable. For web accessibility, you can use automated testing tools like Lighthouse, WAVE, and Firefox Inspector. Automated audits scan your website for accessibility barriers, such as missing alt text, improper header structures, and broken links. These tools provide quick insights into potential problems, such as missing alt text, improper heading structures, and broken links. However, automated testing is not enough.

For web usability, it’s helpful to conduct a manual audit. Manual reviews are more thorough, providing a more accurate assessment of how people with disabilities experience and engage your website. A web accessibility expert assesses your website using tools and human judgment. This includes screen readers, keyboard navigation, and magnifiers.

Web Accessibility and Usability

Web accessibility and web usability are two different yet interconnected concepts that help create a better online experience for all users. By understanding and implementing both, you can create a website that is inclusive, user-friendly, and compliant with accessibility standards.

As you become aware of the importance of web accessibility and its impact on your users, it is important to know you are not alone. 216digital is here to help regardless of where you are in your web accessibility journey. Schedule a complementary ADA Strategy Briefing today to find out how we can help.
Greg McNeil

April 10, 2023

WCAG Compliance

Accessibility, ADA Compliance, ADA Website Compliance, Website Accessibility
What is a Web Accessibility Audit and Why It Matters
Have you ever thought about how easy it is for you to navigate the internet and access information? For some people, it isn’t as simple. Web accessibility is all about making the internet more inclusive so everyone, including those with disabilities, can use it without any barriers. One way to ensure web accessibility is through a web accessibility audit. But what is it, and why does it matter? Let’s dive in and explore!

What is a Web Accessibility Audit?

The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) are a set of intentionally shared standards. Those standards define how to make web content more accessible for all users — including people with disabilities.

A web accessibility audit is a series of tests using WCAG’s success criteria, which are written as pass-or-fail statements. These audits identify potential barriers on your website that need improvement, ensuring compliance with the WCAG and enhancing the overall user experience.

To make your website accessible for all users, you should regularly audit your online content using the latest version of WCAG (WCAG 2.1 as of August 2022, with WCAG 2.2 expected for release in April 2023).

Why Are Web Accessibility Audits Important?

The real question is: why commit to removing barriers from your website?

It’s not just good business to make your website accessible to all users. In the United States alone, up to 1 in 4 adults have a disability. If your site is not accessible, you may be turning away a large portion of the population.

There are also legal risks to having inaccessible content on your site. Many countries have laws requiring websites to be accessible, such as the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). Failing to comply could expose your business to the threat of legal action, including lawsuits and fines. For example, more than 4,000 ADA lawsuits were filed in the United States in 2022.

Many websites have accessibility issues that can make it difficult or impossible for people with disabilities to use them. That’s why web accessibility audits are so important. They provide a clear set of rules that you can use to evaluate your content.

What Is the Goal of a WCAG Audit?

For a successful audit, you’ll need to start with a clear goal. WCAG is organized into three levels of conformance:

WCAG Level A

WCAG Level A is the minimum level of conformance. Level A contains essential success criteria for removing serious accessibility barriers that affect a wide range of users. However, Level A issues do not impact the design or structure of the website. Failure to fulfill will result in an inaccessible website and will be impossible or exceedingly difficult for users with disabilities to use.

WCAG Level AA

WCAG Level AA conformance is a reasonable and achievable goal. It removes additional barriers and establishes a level of accessibility that works for most assistive technologies, such as screen readers. For this reason, the Department of Justice has referenced WCAG 2.1 Level AA standards in a number of settlements and court filings.

WCAG Level AAA

The most strict level of conformance, Level AAA contains additional success criteria to establish the highest possible level of accessibility. Unfortunately, it is also the most challenging level to achieve. While this level of compliance would be ideal, it is optional. W3 states they do not recommend or require Level AAA compliance for an entire website since it is impossible to achieve Level AAA for some content.

Key Considerations When Choosing a Web Accessibility Audit Tool

While dozens of resources are available for automated WCAG audits, they vary in features and capabilities. Some factors to consider when choosing an audit tool:
- Scope: Every page on your website must conform with WCAG, not just your homepage.
- Timeframe: To maintain compliance, you must test your website whenever content changes.
- Remediation Capabilities: Most audit tools will identify WCAG conformance issues but won’t fix them.
At 216digital, we believe that the best way to achieve and maintain an accessible website is a combination of automated tools and human testing.

What Does an Accessibility Audit Process Involve?

An automated web accessibility audit and a manual audit are two different methods of evaluating a website’s compliance with accessibility standards. Each method has its strengths and weaknesses, and they are often used together to provide a comprehensive accessibility evaluation.

Automated Tools

Automated audits, such as Lighthouse, WAVE, and Firefox Inspector, are used to scan your website for accessibility barriers. These tools provide quick insights into potential problems, such as missing alt text, improper heading structures, and broken links. The results from these tools come in the form of a report, which can be used as a starting point to improve accessibility.

While automated testing is a great starting point, it cannot identify all accessibility issues. Manual testing is necessary to ensure your website is genuinely accessible. For example, an automated test might not detect if the alternative text for an image is appropriate, while a manual test by an experienced evaluator can.

Manual Audit

Manual audits are more thorough and time-consuming, but they provide a more accurate assessment of website accessibility. A manual review involves a human evaluator assessing your website for accessibility issues that automated tools may not identify. It consists of testing a website using various assistive technologies, such as keyboard-only navigation, screen reader testing, and evaluating color contrast.

Can I Complete a Web Accessibility Audit Myself?

It may be tempting to do your own accessibility audit—especially when you hear about automated tools. However, the difference is all in the experience. Web accessibility experts can find issues that automation and untrained staff can’t, fix the errors, and identify false positives.

Manual and functional testing is an indispensable component of a complete, professional accessibility audit. If your audit skips these steps, you will leave your business exposed to the threat of legal action.

When Should I Start Testing for ADA Web Compliance?

It’s best to start testing for WCAG compliance as early as possible, ideally during the design and development stages of your website. This way, you can address any issues before they become more challenging and costly to fix. However, it’s never too late to begin the process. Even if your website is already live, you can still conduct an audit and make improvements.

Regardless of where you are on your journey, we’re here to help. At 216digital, we can help develop a strategy to integrate WCAG 2.1 compliance into your development roadmap on your terms. To learn more about how the ADA experts at 216digital can help build an ADA WCAG 2.1 compliance strategy to achieve ongoing, real-world accessibility on your terms, schedule an ADA Strategy Briefing.
Greg McNeil

April 10, 2023

Testing & Remediation
Who Enforces ADA Web Compliance
ADA web compliance is not optional. The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) is a law that prohibits discrimination against people with disabilities. The ADA covers many areas of life, including the internet. However, not all websites are ADA web compliant, and enforcing those laws can be difficult. But who enforces ADA web compliance, and what does this mean for businesses and organizations?

Below, we’ll take a closer look at enforcing ADA web compliance — and provide tips for making sure your online content is fully compliant.

What is ADA Web Compliance?

ADA web compliance refers to the adherence of websites to the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), a law enacted in 1990 to protect the rights of people with disabilities and requires that places of public accommodation provide equal access. In recent years, this has been extended to websites and digital content.

People with disabilities can use websites and applications when properly designed and coded. However, many have barriers that make it difficult or impossible for some people to use.

Some common ways to ensure ADA web compliance include:
- Including alternative text descriptions for images and multimedia content
- Incorporating captioning or transcripts for audio and video content
- Implementing a skip navigation link for keyboard navigation
Enforcing ADA Web Compliance

The Department of Justice (DOJ) is the federal agency enforcing the ADA. In 2010, the DOJ issued new regulations that established specific requirements for ADA web compliance. These regulations would provide specific technical standards for ADA web compliance.

However, in 2017 the DOJ put the final regulations on hold. This has created uncertainty and led to confusion among businesses and website owners about what is required to achieve ADA compliance. As a result, the DOJ has referred to the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) as the standard for ADA web compliance. WCAG was developed by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) to set internationally shared guidelines for web content accessibility. The DOJ has even joined lawsuits against businesses and organizations that have failed to meet the WCAG standards.

The Department of Justice Enforcing ADA Web Compliance

In recent years, the number of ADA web compliance lawsuits has skyrocketed. These lawsuits are filed under Title II, which applies to government websites, and Title III, which applies to private businesses and other places of public accommodation.

The DOJ has repeatedly reiterated that these laws also apply to websites. These investigations can lead to stiff penalties. For example, businesses that violate Title III of the ADA may face a maximum civil penalty of $75,000 for a first violation. Subsequent violations have a maximum fine of $150,000.

H&R Block ADA Lawsuit

In one such case, the DOJ filed a lawsuit against H&R Block, a tax preparation company, for failing to make their website ADA web compliant. As a result, H&R Block had to make its website accessible and pay $100,000 in damages to the individuals affected by their non-compliance. This case serves as a warning to website owners that the DOJ is serious about enforcing ADA web accessibility.

However, the DOJ usually only investigates ADA violation if it affects a large number of consumers, as a result, most cases are initiated through private litigation.

Who Can File a Web Accessibility Lawsuit?

Anyone with a disability who has been denied access to a website or digital platform due to inaccessibility can file a lawsuit against the business or organization that owns or operates the site. However, the law does not contain a list of qualifying disabilities.

To meet the ADA’s definition of disability, the plaintiff must meet one of the following descriptions:
- Mental or physical impairment limiting one or more major life activities.
- History or record of such an impairment
- Can be perceived by others as having an impairment.
If the lawsuit is successful, the plaintiff may recover legal expenses. Plaintiffs may also obtain federal court orders to stop ADA violations.

How Common Are ADA Lawsuits?

The number of ADA digital accessibility lawsuits has skyrocketed. In 2022, there were more than 4,000 web accessibility lawsuits filed in the United States under the Unruh Act.

Many of these lawsuits are filed by a small number of plaintiffs and law firms. For example, the top 10 plaintiff law firms account for 75% of all federally filed cases. However, most ADA compliance cases are settled before going to trial. As a result, businesses and organizations that prioritize web accessibility and take proactive steps to improve accessibility are much less likely to face legal action.

Make Sure Your Website is ADA Web Compliant

By conforming with the WCAG guidelines, businesses can limit their legal risk. However, it’s essential to understand that web accessibility has profound benefits apart from legal compliance.

Modern consumers value diversity, equity, and inclusion. As a result, accessible websites help to promote brand loyalty and customer retention. In addition, accessibility can help search engines crawl and index your site. This can help improve your search engine position and deliver a better experience for everyone.

You can embrace web accessibility by taking a few simple steps:
- Conduct an audit. Use a combination of manual and automated tests to find and remediate barriers.
- Train your team about the importance of ADA web compliance. Your team should be aware of basic WCAG guidelines to avoid unintentionally adding barriers with content updates to your website.
- Create a plan for maintaining ADA web compliance. Accessibility is an ongoing process. Work with an accessibility partner to adopt (and maintain) a best-practice approach.
Team up with 216digital for ADA Web Compliance

Whether you want to protect against a frivolous ADA accessibility lawsuit or become WCAG 2.1 AA compliant, we have you covered. Through years of analyzing ADA lawsuits, we have uncovered how law firms target websites for frivolous ADA lawsuits and how to protect businesses against them. Our team of accessibility experts can also develop strategies to integrate WCAG 2.1 compliance into your development roadmap on your terms. So don’t wait any longer—find out where you stand by scheduling a complementary ADA Strategy Briefing today.
Greg McNeil

April 10, 2023

Legal Compliance
What You Need to Know About ADA Web Accessibility Lawsuits
In today’s digital age, having an accessible website is more important than ever. The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) requires businesses to provide equal access to goods and services, including online content. Failure to comply with these regulations can impact your brand and result in costly lawsuits.

Whether you’re just at the beginning of the research process and trying to determine your exposure to an ADA lawsuit, responding to a recently received demand letter, or actively defending yourself against an ADA web accessibility lawsuit, you will need to know what you’re up against. In this post, we’ll explore what ADA compliance means, examine some high-profile lawsuits, and provide tips on protecting your website from ADA compliance lawsuits.

What is ADA Compliance?

When talking about ADA website compliance lawsuits, it’s important to understand that the ADA isn’t just any kind of law. It’s a civil rights law to ensure fairness and equality for all Americans. By prohibiting discrimination based on disability across five distinct parts of modern American life:
- Employment
- Government
- Places of public accommodation
- Telephones
- Other U.S. laws and regulations
The ADA is a “strict liability” law because it violates a person’s civil rights, inflicting inherent harm. Strict liability means that damage is possible without fault, and there is no defense against violations. In other words, you can’t say you didn’t know which requirements to follow or did not intend to cause any harm.

Losing an ADA accessibility lawsuit can be costly and result in an order to comply with the law and make your website compliant.

How Does ADA Compliance Relate to Websites?

Website accessibility enables individuals with disabilities to access and navigate websites using assistive technologies, such as screen readers or keyboard-only navigation. However, websites with barriers can limit the ability to access information and services online.

While the ADA does not explicitly mention digital content, the courts have interpreted the law to also apply to websites — specifically, Title III. Title III prohibits discrimination in places of public accommodation, including businesses and organizations that are open to the public. In 2010, the Department of Justice (DOJ) issued that websites are considered public places subject to the ADA’s requirements.

In recent years, a number of lawsuits have been filed against businesses and organizations failing to make their websites accessible. Unfortunately, these lawsuits can result in high financial costs, negative publicity, and reputational damage.

Examples of ADA Web Accessibility Lawsuits

ADA website compliance lawsuits can drag on for years, draining your time and resources. To give you an idea of what can happen, we will look at three notable ADA website accessibility lawsuits.

ADA Website Lawsuit #1: Netflix

In 2012, the National Association of the Deaf (NAD) filed a lawsuit against Netflix for denying equal access to deaf and hard-of-hearing individuals in the United States. The underlying lawsuit claimed that Netflix violated the Title III of the ADA by failing to provide closed captioning for “Watch Instantly” content streamed on its website.

The consent decree compelled Netflix to provide closed captioning to their online content within two years, along with all future content. In addition, Netflix had to pay $755,000 in legal costs and $40,000 to the National Association of the Deaf for monitoring.

ADA Website Lawsuit #2: H&R Block

Just one year later, in 2013, the DOJ joined the National Federation of the Blind, Mika Pyyhkala, and Lindsay Yazzolino in a suit against tax services firm H&R Block.

The suit required H&R Block to conform to WCAG 2.0 level-AA standards for their website and mobile app. The other terms of the agreement were:
- Provisions for designating a full-time website accessibility coordinator.
- Providing annual accessibility training to employees.
- Retaining an independent consultant.
H&R Block was also required to pay $22,500 to both Pyyhkala and Yazzolino, as well as a $55,000 civil penalty.

ADA Website Lawsuit #3: Domino’s Pizza

In 2016, Guillermo Robles claimed that Domino’s Pizza violated Title III of the ADA because their website and mobile app were not accessible to screen readers. A district court dismissed the initial case, but Robles appealed to the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals, which came to a much different conclusion. The court opined the ADA does apply to websites and that Domino’s “had received fair notice” that its digital content must conform to the ADA.

In October 2019, the U.S. Supreme Court denied Domino’s petition to overrule the Ninth Circuit Court’s opinion. In fact, in June 2021, California federal court found that Domino’s had violated both Title III of the ADA and California’s Unruh Act, showing they still did not have an accessible website or mobile app for ordering. In the settlement summary, Robles was entitled to a mere $4,000 in statutory damages and Domino’s was required to bring its website into compliance with WCAG 2.0 guidelines.

How to Protect Your Site Against ADA Website Compliance Lawsuits

To limit your legal risk, you should endeavor to adhere to the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.1 AA. WCAG is a set of internationally shared guidelines necessary for improving web accessibility. These guidelines are put together by the W3C (World Wide Web Consortium), athe defacto source for ensuring your website is accessible to all users.

To protect your website from ADA website compliance lawsuits, here are a few ideas of what the criteria require:
- Add alternative text descriptions for all non-text content (images, form fields, video, audio, etc.)
- Do not rely on only color as a visual means of conveying information, indicating an action, or prompting a response.
- Make sure everything on the site can interact through a keyboard interface.
- Navigational elements on the website are consistent and predictable across each page.
Team up with 216digital for ADA Web Compliance

ADA website compliance is no longer optional; it’s a legal requirement. If you need clarification on whether your site complies with the ADA’s WCAG 2.1 level-AA criteria, reach out to 216digital for a complementary ADA Strategy Briefing. We can help determine if your website is at risk of a lawsuit and offer fast and effective ADA compliance solutions that ensure your site is accessible to everyone and reduce your risk of litigation — letting you focus on what you do best.
Greg McNeil

April 10, 2023

Legal Compliance

Accessibility, ADA Compliance, ADA Website Compliance, Website Accessibility
What is Color Contrast and How Does it Affect Your Web Accessibility?
Color can be a tricky subject for an online business. It’s not just about how they look or your brand. Your color choices, and the relationships between them, can impact the user’s experience. For example, suppose your website’s colors don’t have enough contrast. As a result, portions of your site may be hard to read and navigate for people with visual impairments. So, what is color contrast, and how does it affect web accessibility?

What is Color Contrast?

Color contrast refers to the difference in brightness between two colors. When two colors have high contrast, they are easy to distinguish. On the other hand, when two colors have low contrast, they can be hard to tell apart.

Contrast is measured by a ratio, a numerical value ranging from 1:1 (no contrast) to 21:1 (maximum contrast). For example, white(#FFFFFF) and black(#000000) have the highest possible contrast ratio of 21:1. In contrast, white(#FFFFFF) and pure green(#00FF00) have a ratio of just 1.4:1.

When two colors overlap, such as text on a background, the benefits of a high contrast ratio become clear. For instance, reading black text on a white background is much easier than reading pure green text on a white background.

Why Does Color Contrast Matter for Web Accessibility?

For many people with visual impairments, color contrast can decide the readability and perception of content on a website. Unfortunately, many types of visual impairment can make reading text with low color contrast difficult.

For example, low contrast can cause problems for those who are color-blind. If two colors have the same brightness level, they can be almost impossible to tell apart. Similarly, users with low vision may require a high contrast to make the text more readable.

Therefore, if your website does not prioritize color contrast, you will risk cutting off a large portion of users from your online services or products.

Color Contrast and Web Accessibility

The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) is a civil rights law prohibiting discrimination against individuals with disabilities. The law requires reasonable accommodations to ensure that people with disabilities have the same opportunities as everyone else.

However, the ADA is not explicit about the criteria for the web or how to implement web accessibility. Instead, the courts and the Department of Justice (DOJ) rely on the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) as the international standard for web accessibility.

Under the ADA, WCAG is almost universally cited in lawsuits and settlements, showing that WCAG is essential to ADA compliance.

WCAG 2.1 Contrast Ratio

The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.1 provides guidelines for color contrast that all websites should follow, including font size, weight, and color contrast.

Contrast Minimum

According to WCAG Success Criterion 1.4.3: Contrast (Minimum), the visual presentation of text and images of text must have at least a contrast ratio of 4.5:1.

However, there are three exceptions to the WCAG’s 4.5:1 contrast requirement:
- Large Text: Since large text is easier to read, the contrast requirement is reduced to 3:1. However, WCAG defines large text as 18pt or 14pt bold and larger.
- Incidental: Text or images of text that are part of a user interface component, pure decoration, not visible, or part of an image containing other significant content have no contrast requirement.
- Logotypes: Logos or brand names with text do not have contrast requirements.
Resize Text

On the other hand, WCAG Success Criterion 1.4.4: Resize Text requires that text can be resized up to 200% without assistive technology or loss of content and functionality. However, there is an exception for captions and images of text.

Images do not scale as well as text because they tend to pixelate. Therefore WCAG highly suggests using text wherever possible. It is also tricky to change foreground and background contrast or the colors of an image, which are necessary for some users.

Color Contrast and Litigation

WCAG’s 1.4.3 and 1.4.4 must be met to achieve real-world accessibility. However, there is some flexibility and nuance regarding these guidelines in litigation.

Generally speaking, color contrast does not tend to appear in ADA web accessibility lawsuits. Color-blind and low-vision users can use assistive technology to enhance contrast.

Since these tools are available, and most business owners are averse to altering their brand’s colors, we focus on barriers that assistive technology cannot resolve. We do not recommend making edits surrounding color contrast to fulfill the requirements of a non-compliance lawsuit. That said, working color contrast best practices into your design workflows is always encouraged.

However, WCAG 1.4.4 does appear in complaints and creates a bona fide access barrier if violated. All websites must be able to be zoomed to 200% while leaving a significant operable region of the page.

How Can I Make My Website More Accessible?

Plenty of design considerations go into website accessibility — from the layout of content to the use of images, typography, and even color.

However, your choice of color is one of the first things people notice about your brand. And if you implement it wrong, it can impact the user experience for all visitors — not just those with visual impairments. By following the WCAG 2.1 guidelines and considering factors like font size and weight, you can create a website accessible to everyone.

Are you ready to make sure your website is accessible? Then, schedule an ADA Strategy Briefing with the web accessibility experts at 216digital.
Greg McNeil

March 14, 2023

Legal Compliance

ADA Compliance, ADA Website Compliance, Website Accessibility
Debunking Common Web Accessibility Myths

“Web accessibility is too expensive.“

“There’s no real business value to making my website accessible.“

These are just a few of the concerns we hear when talking to organizations about web accessibility for the first time. And while it’s easy enough to poke holes in each one, it’s worth mentioning these myths are one of the many reasons digital accessibility lags so far behind.

To better understand why online businesses are slow to build accessible experiences, let’s debunk some of these myths and explain why web accessibility is essential for your business.

Common Myths in Website Accessibility

Common misconceptions about web accessibility have impacted the way organizations approach any accessibility initiative — particularly when it comes to time, cost, and compliance. Here’s what we learned.

Myth: There Are No Benefits to an Accessible Website

Why is digital accessibility so important? We can all agree that delivering an equal browsing experience to every user is the right thing to do. However, there are other benefits, like improved search engine optimization (SEO).

Many of the same principles for good SEO overlap with web accessibility best practices. Companies spend tens of thousands of dollars every year to improve their searchability. Search engines rank websites based on the content and user experience.By working on one, we enhance the other. After all, a better user experience for your visitors also offers a better understanding to search crawlers.

Myth: Web Accessibility Only Affects Those Who Are Blind or Have Low Vision

Most believe visual impairments are the most prominent disability an inaccessible website can impact. However, web accessibility can benefit several impairments, including hearing, cognitive, and motor. In fact, mobility and cognitive impairments affect a higher percentage of the population than visual.

That means digital accessibility is essential for people who cannot move their limbs and require a switch device. Similarly, people with dyslexia need the option to change fonts or line spacing.

The bottom line is an accessible website benefits users of all abilities. And your website’s design doesn’t have to suffer in the process.

Myth: Web Accessibility Means Redesigning My Entire Website

Most online business owners believe that providing an accessible online experience means starting from scratch — redesigning and developing the entire site. That, without exception, sounds both time-consuming and expensive. While we agree that it’s ideal to design an accessible website from the first line of code, it’s not feasible for the millions of existing sites.

However, it is often possible to make a website accessible by making minor adjustments, such as adding alternative text to images, adding focus outlines on interactive elements, and ensuring that videos have closed captions. These changes can significantly improve the website’s accessibility without requiring a complete redesign.

Myth: Using Automated Tools On My Site is All I Need to Make It Accessible

Automation is a powerful tool that is getting better all the time. But automation alone cannot identify and fix every accessibility error. In fact, automated scans can only detect 30% of barriers for users with disabilities. The limited scope of even the most advanced automation will leave many compliance issues unresolved and your company at risk.

That’s not to say automated tools are not a great starting point. However, it’s essential to think of them as a tool in a more extensive toolkit, including regular monitoring, manual testing, and reporting.

At 216digital, we believe in a hybrid approach. That combines the speed of automation with the precision of manual auditing to achieve and maintain an accessible website.

For more information about automated tools and ADA web compliance, check out the article, Are Web Accessibility Testing Tools Enough to Ensure Compliance.

Myth: Screen overlays can make my website compliant and protect me from an ADA lawsuit

Screen overlay products, also known as accessibility widgets or plugins, can help make a website more accessible to users with disabilities. Still, they do not guarantee that a website will fully comply with the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) or other accessibility guidelines.

These products typically provide a range of accessibility features, such as increasing text size, changing the background color, and providing alternative text descriptions for images. However, they do not address all of the accessibility issues that a website may have. For example, they may not address issues related to the structure and organization of content, or the use of appropriate headings and labels.

Additionally, these products do not address the issue of accessibility for users who are using assistive technologies such as screen readers. These technologies rely on the underlying code of the website, and a screen overlay does not address these barriers.

While these products can be a helpful tool for improving accessibility, they should not be considered a substitute for a comprehensive accessibility audit and remediation process to mitigate ADA lawsuit risk. Approximately 600 companies with an accessibility widget installed on their websites were hit with ADA accessibility lawsuits in 2022.

Myth: Web Accessibility Litigation is Frivolous and Invalid

Shockingly, most online companies believe accessibility lawsuits have no merit. Yet huge brand-named companies, such as Domino’s, have also been targeted with frivolous ADA lawsuits.

But huge name brands aren’t the only ones. Thousands of small and mid-size businesses face legal action. If you think your business is small enough to fly under the radar and avoid litigation, you’re wrong. Many mom-and-pop restaurants and small stores have recently fought and lost website accessibility lawsuits.

Failure to provide an accessible website can result in legal action and potentially significant financial penalties. Therefore, it’s crucial to take web accessibility seriously and ensure your website is accessible to everyone.

Fact: Web Accessibility is Smart Business

You’re not alone if you’ve fallen victim to believing some of these common myths and misconceptions. In ethical terms, individuals of all abilities deserve the right to barrier-free web use. And as we’ve seen, there are strong legal incentives for ensuring that your website is as accessible as possible. But you can take action.

216digital has made it easier to achieve website accessibility compliance without breaking your budget, taking all of your time, or completely redesigning your website. We can help develop a strategy to integrate WCAG 2.1 compliance into your development roadmap on your terms.

To learn more about how the ADA experts at 216digital can help build an ADA WCAG 2.1 compliance strategy to achieve ongoing, real-world accessibility on your terms, schedule an ADA Strategy Briefing.

Greg McNeil

March 14, 2023

Legal Compliance, Testing & Remediation, WCAG Compliance

ADA Compliance, ADA Website Compliance, Website Accessibility
Retail is the Prime Target for ADA Web Accessibility Lawsuits
Today, almost everyone is shopping online. Consumers expect the ability to browse, compare and shop from any device rapidly. However, as more consumers shift to online shopping, retailers face increasing legal challenges for failing to meet minimum standards for ADA web accessibility.

The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) requires that all public-facing digital content be accessible to people with disabilities. Failure to comply with the ADA web accessibility guidelines can result in legal action, settlement costs, and reputational damage. In this article, we’ll explore why retail is the number one industry targeted by ADA web accessibility lawsuits and what you can do to protect your online business.

What is Web Accessibility for Retail

Web Accessibility is about creating an inclusive experience for all customers with barrier-free access to your online store. Websites must allow customers with visual, auditory, physical, and cognitive disabilities to access information, make purchases, and interact with your online business.

However, customers with disabilities can have vastly different experiences on a website based on their disability and the assistive technologies used. For example, customers with mild-to-moderate vision may rely on their browser’s built-in zoom function. In contrast, customers with more severe visual impairments require a screen reader to access information, browse your products, and shop. But how does web accessibility affect retail business owners?

Key Insights Retailers Need to Know

In recent years, there has been a sharp increase in lawsuits related to website accessibility, and retailers have been among the hardest hit. In 2022, there were more than 4,000 web accessibility lawsuits filed in Federal and California State Court under the Unruh Act. However, the retail industry was the number one industry targeted by ADA web accessibility lawsuits, accounting for almost 77%.

In fact, 391 of the Internet Retailer Top 500 list received an ADA-based web accessibility lawsuit within the last five years. Likewise, 72% of cases filed in 2022 were against companies with less than 50 million annual revenue. For large and small eCommerce companies, web accessibility is critical as consumers and plaintiffs become more aware of their rights under the ADA and seek legal recourse.

For more information on recent ADA web accessibility filings, check out Accessibility.com’s Digital Accessibility Lawsuits Database.

Why Are Retailers Vulnerable?

With the rise of e-commerce, online retailers face increasing web accessibility lawsuits. But why? Are retail sites less accessible than other industries?

Large Online Presence

Online retailers are everywhere! With more and more eCommerce websites created daily, there are 24 billion estimated globally. Undoubtedly, the retail industry has the most prominent digital presence, making them easy to find and visit.

As a result, e-commerce stores can quickly become victims of frivolous ADA-based lawsuits. Plaintiffs can quickly surf the web, engage with products or information, and determine whether a company prioritizes web accessibility.

Complex Websites Can Be Difficult to Make Accessible

It can be challenging for retail sites to reach and maintain the international standards for web accessibility, Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG). E-commerce stores are notoriously complex, with many pages, dynamic content, and intricate navigation. Making such websites accessible to individuals with disabilities can be a daunting task. In addition, it can present financial and logistical challenges, especially in a constantly evolving industry.

Many online retailers may not have the resources to hire web developers with expertise in ADA compliance or keep up with the constantly evolving standards and guidelines for web accessibility, increasing their vulnerability to litigation.

A Constantly Changing Industry

Online retailers frequently update their content to inform customers about new products, services, promotional sales, and resources. However, these changes can also make it more challenging to ensure the website remains accessible. Unfortunately, creating an accessibility barrier for disabled users is almost too easy.

Retailers must stay vigilant and up-to-date with web accessibility standards and guidelines. Failure to do so can leave retailers vulnerable to an ADA web accessibility lawsuit. Plaintiffs can easily find web accessibility barriers, document them, and file an ADA lawsuit, frequently creating a vicious cycle.

Easy to Test for ADA Web Accessibility

Most retail websites have the same or similar accessibility barriers. This can make it relatively easy for plaintiffs to test websites using automated tools and target many websites simultaneously. Automated tools can quickly scan a website and identify potential accessibility barriers based on the WCAG 2.1 guidelines, such as missing alt text, improper header structures, and broken links.

This means plaintiffs can quickly and easily identify accessibility issues and file ADA web accessibility lawsuits against retailers in minutes. In contrast, website owners are left spending thousands on settlement costs and website remediation. Retailers must take the necessary steps to ensure ADA web accessibility compliance to minimize the risk of litigation.

Existing Department of Justice Settlements

The US Department of Justice has settled several high-profile ADA web accessibility lawsuits with retailers, including Winn-Dixie and Walmart. These settlements have resulted in significant financial penalties and required these retailers to take extensive measures to make their websites more accessible.

As a result, these settlements have set a precedent for other plaintiffs now targeting retailers with similar accessibility issues. They can directly reference past DOJ actions within their case. Retailers must be aware of these settlements and ensure their website is accessible to all customers.

Quick Settlements

Plaintiffs’ attorneys often target online retailers for ADA web accessibility lawsuits because they are settled quickly and relatively easily. This is because online retailers usually prefer to pay out of court rather than go to trial, as they can avoid additional costs and negative publicity associated with a lengthy legal battle. As a result, plaintiffs’ attorneys can often secure quick settlements, making it a lucrative and attractive option to target online retailers.

How to Protect Your Online Business

It is essential to ensure that your website and online applications comply with ADA web accessibility standards to mitigate the chance of a lawsuit. This may involve working with web accessibility experts to conduct an audit and any necessary changes.

To protect against ADA web accessibility lawsuits, retail companies should take several steps:
1. Conduct a web accessibility audit: Conduct a comprehensive web accessibility audit to identify all web accessibility barriers.
2. Make a plan: Address the issues identified in the audit, prioritizing the most critical issues first.
3. Train staff: Educate staff on web accessibility best practices and how to maintain accessibility standards moving forward.
4. Use accessibility tools: Use accessibility tools, such as web accessibility monitoring services, to test websites and apps for accessibility.
5. Consider a dedicated accessibility team: Partner with an accessibility team to oversee ongoing web accessibility efforts and ensure compliance with ADA requirements.
6. Stay up-to-date: Stay informed about ADA web accessibility requirements, and update websites and apps as needed.
Get Proactive about ADA Web Accessibility

Everyone, especially those in the online retail industry, should be proactive about ADA web accessibility. By taking proactive steps to ensure the accessibility of your website, you can mitigate legal challenges and provide easy access to all customers.

Through our years of experience in the trenches analyzing and studying these cases, we can determine how ADA non-compliance lawsuit firms identify their targets and how to protect your business. At 216digital, we will develop a strategy to integrate WCAG 2.1 compliance into your development roadmap on your terms so that you can focus on the other tasks on your to-do list. So don’t wait any longer; find out where you stand by scheduling a complementary ADA Strategy Briefing today.
Greg McNeil

February 28, 2023

Legal Compliance

Accessibility, ADA Compliance, ADA Website Compliance, Website Accessibility
Web Accessibility and Search Engine Optimization: a Powerful Combination
On-page search engine optimization (SEO) and web accessibility are two crucial components of a successful website. But what many people don’t realize is that web accessibility and SEO have a lot more in common than you might think. Both aim to make websites more usable and understandable, whether for human users or search engines. By making your web pages accessible to everyone, you’re also boosting your chances of being found on search engines. Below, we will examine how web accessibility and SEO work hand in hand when it comes to:
1. Meaningful Page Titles

A page title is a short, concise name of a web page. It appears in the HTML code as a <title> tag and is usually visible at the top of the user’s browser bar. Page titles help improve web accessibility and SEO by determining the content of a page.

How Do Meaningful Page Titles Help Web Accessibility?

Web accessibility requires page titles that provide a brief and accurate description of the page’s content. For example, Success Criterion 2.4.2 of the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.1 says that users should be able to quickly understand the page’s purpose without reading the content.

The title tag should be concise and should be at most 60 characters. Short and snappy page titles provide a better user experience, especially for users with a screen reader that hear content. The title should also be unique to each page on a website, and it should be relevant to the content. Good page titles help users identify content quickly and reliably.

How Does a Meaningful Title Tag Help SEO?

A page’s <title> tag is a clickable link displayed on a search engine’s results page. The information gathered from a page’s title determines its relevance to a user’s search query and placement within their search results. After all, web accessibility and SEO are about getting relevant content to users.

For example, suppose you were to use the search query “web accessibility” and “SEO.” In that case, the results will include titles with the exact terms included. If your <title> matches the content of your page, it is more likely to be found in search engine results and keep users engaged.

2. Headings

Headings, or <h> tags, give structure and hierarchy to the content on a web page. They appear more prominent than other text through font size or weight, making scanning and navigating the page more accessible for users.

How Do Headings Help Web Accessibility?

UHeadings help users navigate and understand the content quickly. They are typically formatted using HTML code, ranging from the main title, <h1>, to <h6> subheadings within the content. Each heading level serves a specific purpose in organizing the content. According to the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) Success Criterion 1.3.1, it is essential to use headings in a logical and sequential order. Starting with the <h1> heading and using subsequent headings in order, like so:
- <h1>Main heading</h1>
- <h2>Section heading</h2>
- <h3>Subsection heading</h3>
- <h4>Sub-subsection heading</h4>
By formatting the heading correctly, individuals with disabilities can navigate content logically and meaningfully.

How Do Headings Help SEO?

In addition to accessibility, headings are also critical for SEO, as they help search engines understand the content of a page. Search engines use headers to determine the relevance to a person’s search based on the keywords used and the significance of the content to their search.

3. Lists

As you know, lists containing text, images, and multimedia content can be ordered or random. However, using lists on a website can make the content more organized and scannable, helping to improve the user’s experience. But what you might not realize is that for the benefits of web accessibility and SEO.

How Do Lists Help Web Accessibility?

Lists can be a valuable tool for web accessibility because they help users navigate content logically and efficiently. For example, sight users will recognize lists with indentations or icons such as bullets or numbers. However, lists must be appropriately marked up within the website’s code to stand out from other content.

List markups define a group of related items or information presented in a particular order. For instance, <ul> is used for unorganized lists, <ol> for ordered lists, and <dl> for definition lists. By defining and using list markups correctly, your website will meet several WCAG success criteria, including:
- Success Criterion 1.3.1: Information and Relationships – Lists help to organize information and create relationships between related items.
- Success Criterion 2.4.3: Focus Order – Lists help to create a logical reading order, which is essential for users who rely on keyboard navigation.
How Do Lists Help SEO?

Search engines crawl a website’s content using complex algorithms to determine the relevancy and quality of a user’s query. Using lists can highlight the content’s critical points and make it easier for the algorithm to identify them.

Moreover, lists can help users navigate content logically and efficiently, improving the user’s experience. When users have a positive experience on a website, they are more likely to stay longer, share the content, and come back. This can significantly increase the overall traffic and engagement on the website, improving its ranking on SERPs.

4. Descriptive links

Interlinking content is an integral part of our customer journey. Being descriptive in the text you use to link to a new page is helpful for the user’s experience. It’s also beneficial for web accessibility and SEO.

How Do Descriptive Links Help Web Accessibility?

Descriptive links are hyperlinks that help users understand the link’s destination or purpose before they click. Rather than using vague or generic terms like “click here” or “read more,” descriptive links provide context for users and search engines. A screen reader user might navigate through all the links on a page to find where they want to go. Being descriptive helps them find what they’re looking for more easily.

Descriptive links also help meet essential web accessibility guidelines. For instance, WCAG 2.4.4 requires a descriptive title to provide the link’s destination context. Additionally, WCAG 2.4.9 states a process or technique should be available to identify each link’s purpose from the link text alone.

How Do Descriptive Links Help SEO?

Descriptive text, or anchor text, as SEO professionals call it, helps search engines understand the content and purpose of a link. However, when links use generic or vague text, search engines cannot accurately categorize the page and rank it appropriately in search results.

Using descriptive links that include keywords related to the page’s content can help search engines understand the purpose and context of their pages—as a result, leading to higher search rankings and visibility.

5. Breadcrumbs

Breadcrumbs are a navigation aid that appears at the top of a page and shows a user’s path to the current page. The name “breadcrumbs” comes from the story of Hansel and Gretel, where the characters leave a trail of breadcrumbs to help them find their way back home. Similarly, website breadcrumbs help users navigate to the homepage or higher-level pages.

Breadcrumbs typically appear as a horizontal menu bar showing the user’s website location. For instance, a breadcrumb trail might look like this:

Home > Category > Subcategory > Product

How Do Breadcrumbs Help Web Accessibility?

Breadcrumbs provide clear and consistent navigation to help users find necessary information, as outlined in WCAG 2.4:8: Location. They help to improve the user experience for everyone. But are particularly helpful for people with disabilities.

For example, they help people with memory problems or low attention span from becoming confused as they flow through pages. They also help screen reader users go back through a set of grouped pages much quicker.

How Do Breadcrumbs Help SEO?

Breadcrumbs can also help with SEO by providing additional contextual information to search engines. For example, breadcrumbs help search engines understand the structure and hierarchy of a website, allowing them to index and rank pages.

When implementing breadcrumbs for SEO purposes, it’s important to use structured data to help search engines understand the breadcrumb structure. Structured data is a standardized format that allows search engines to understand the content and design of a website.

6. Alternative Text for Images

When most web developers or digital marketers think of the overlap between accessibility and SEO, alternative text is usually one of the first elements that come to mind. Alternative text or alt text is an HTML attribute value used to describe an image. It’s beneficial for users with visual impairments that rely on screen readers. Screen readers read the alternative text, describing the image to the user and providing context they might have missed otherwise.

How Does Alternative Text Help Web Accessibility?

Alternative text is crucial in web accessibility because it provides a non-sighted visitor with the same experiences as a sighted visitor. Therefore, it should be accurate, clear, and provide meaningful information.

All non-text content is required by WCAG 1.1.1, “Non-text Content,” to have a text alternative that serves the equivalent purpose. However, there are exceptions for non-text content that is pure decoration, only for visual formatting or is not present to users. In that case, alt text is not required. However, images need to be implemented in a way that assistive technologies can ignore.

How Does Alternative Text Help SEO?

Search engines recognize the information in alt attributes. While it’s not a significant ranking signal, it does contribute. After all, it adds more context to your page’s content, especially if you want the images on your website to appear high in Google Image searches.

Google’s Image Publishing Guidelines state, “alt text along with computer vision algorithms and the contents of the page to understand the subject matter of the image.” However, don’t feel tempted to stuff your keywords into alt text. This is bad practice for both accessibility and SEO.

7. Audio and Video Transcriptions

In the same way, alternative text for non-text content opens up visual content. Transcripts and captions do the same for audio and video content. They capture the spoken words, sounds, and other audio elements and transcribe them into text format. The text can make the content accessible to people who are deaf, hard of hearing, or prefer to read instead of listen.

How Do Audio and Video Transcriptions Help Web Accessibility?

Users who are deaf and hard of hearing rely on accurate video and audio transcriptions to access any non-visual content in video or audio format. By providing transcriptions, you can ensure that all visitors to your website can access and understand the content you present.

If you use audio or video content on your website, adding captions to the video or transcribing the content helps you meet these success criteria in WCAG 2.1, including:
How Do Audio and Video Transcriptions Help SEO?

Although search engines are getting smarter, they are not listening to your videos and indexing what’s said, so they rely on the surrounding text to understand the content. By providing accurate transcriptions, you provide search engines with a complete understanding of the content in your audio and video files, which can help boost your website’s SEO. When videos have engaging and exciting content, providing a transcription on the same page or within the video is critical.

In Summary

Despite being separate disciplines, many of the same practices we use in web accessibility also open the doors for search engines. By working on one, we enhance the other. After all, a better user experience for your visitors also offers a better understanding to search crawlers.

That being said, If you’d like to talk further about your web accessibility initiative, schedule a complimentary ADA Strategy Briefing today with the experts at 216digital. We will help you take the steps towards web accessibility on your terms by developing a strategy to integrate WCAG 2.1 compliance into your development roadmap as part of the development process.
Greg McNeil

February 28, 2023

SEO, The Benefits of Web Accessibility

ADA Compliance, Digital Marketing, SEO, Website Accessibility
ADA Web Compliance: The Key to Setting Up Your New Business for Success
As a new business owner, you want to set your company up for success from day one. You want to build a strong reputation, increase sales, and reach a broader audience. While there are many things to consider when opening up a new business, have you considered the importance of ADA web compliance in achieving these goals? Putting ADA web compliance at the top of your list is the key to setting up your new business for success.

What is ADA Web Compliance?

ADA, or the Americans with Disabilities Act, is a federal law that mandates the inclusion of all people, especially those with disabilities, in all areas of public life. That includes jobs, schools, transportation, and other places open to the general public, including websites. This means ensuring your website is accessible for everyone, regardless of their disability.

A website that is not accessible can prevent individuals with visual, auditory, physical, and cognitive disabilities from accessing information, making purchases, and interacting with your business. But does the Americans with Disabilities Act apply to small businesses?

ADA Web Compliance and Small Businesses

It might come as a surprise, but even small businesses are legally required to comply with the Americans with Disabilities Act. According to the ADA’s Title III, every business, regardless of size, has to be accessible to people with disabilities. This includes large corporations, right down to small businesses.

While ADA Title III does not specially mention accessibility for websites, there has been a change in mindset on what is considered a public place. The Department of Justice in 2018 stated that websites are considered a place of public accommodations, despite the ADA not including sites specifically.

Therefore, ADA Title III requires physical access, such as ramps to enter premises, and digital access, including video captions, alternative text for images, and ensuring websites support accessibility technology.

What is ADA Web Compliance?

ADA web compliance ensures that people with disabilities can independently browse a website’s products or services, understand written and visual content, and make purchases. People with different types of disabilities require various web accessibility accommodations to interact on the internet. For example:
- Visually impaired individuals need descriptive alternative tags on images to allow screen readers to describe them and provide context.
- Someone with a motor disability might use keyboard navigation instead of a mouse.
- Deaf individuals need captions or sign language interpretations alongside a video.
The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) have become the international standard for web accessibility. WCAG included specific checkpoints and recommendations based on a principle-based approach to ensure all users can share the same experience regardless of disability or assistive software. If you want to learn more about the different web accessibility guidelines, read our guide to the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG).

Why ADA Web Compliance is Key for New Business

Web accessibility can be intimidating, but addressing it from the start is well worth the effort. Like many aspects of starting a new business, it can cost a lot of time and money to go back and correct your website rather than make it accessible in the first place. But how will ADA web accessibility help grow your new business?

To help emphasize why web accessibility should be a fundamental building block in developing your new small business, we have gathered a list of reasons to answer just that.

Improved SEO

It’s crucial to have your website optimized for accessibility to rank highly in search engine results. Search engines like Google are constantly working to improve the quality of results for their users. This includes prioritizing websites that are accessible to everyone and penalizing sites that are not. If your website is ADA-compliant, you can avoid lower search engine rankings and reduced visibility. By ensuring your website is ADA compliant, you’ll improve your SEO and chances of ranking higher in search results, increasing your visibility and driving more traffic to your site.

Better User Experience

ADA web compliance means everyone can access your site and engage with your brand, regardless of their abilities. This is crucial for retaining customers, building trust with your audience, and creating a positive user experience for everyone visiting your site. In addition, by making your site accessible, you’ll create a more inclusive environment that will make your brand stand out and leave a lasting impression.

Increased Sales and Conversions

A website that is easy to use and accessible to all visitors is more likely to generate sales and conversions. By providing a more accessible experience, you’ll increase the likelihood of visitors to your site becoming loyal customers and making purchases. Additionally, an ADA-compliant website is more likely to generate positive reviews and recommendations, which can drive even more sales.

Reaching a broader audience

ADA web compliance means your site will be accessible to everyone, including those with disabilities. By making your site accessible, you’ll be able to reach a wider audience and provide a more inclusive user experience for all users. This will give your brand a competitive edge and help you reach new customers who may not have been able to engage with your brand before.

Building a Positive Public Reputation

Being ADA-compliant shows that your business is socially responsible and cares about the needs of all customers. By demonstrating your commitment to accessibility, you’ll be showcasing your brand’s values and creating a positive image in the minds of consumers. This can build a reputation to make your brand stand out and help you grow your business.

Risk Mitigation

ADA web compliance is a legal requirement, and non-compliant websites can face significant fines and legal action. By making your site accessible, you’ll mitigate your risk and avoid the potential consequences of non-compliance. This will give you peace of mind and ensure that you can focus on growing your business without worrying about the potential risks of non-compliance.

ADA Compliance is the Key to Success for New Businesses

ADA web compliance is crucial for setting up your new business for success. With improved SEO, a better user experience for all customers, increased sales and conversions, reaching a broader audience, building a positive public reputation, and risk mitigation, investing in ADA compliance is essential in building a successful and sustainable business. However, it is imperative not to leave it till the end when setting up a new business or website.

Fortunately, with 216digital web accessibility experts, you don’t have to. Instead, we will help develop a strategy to integrate WCAG 2.1 compliance into your development roadmap on your terms so that you can focus on the other tasks on your to-do list. So don’t wait any longer; make your website accessible today and start reaping the benefits by scheduling a complementary ADA Strategy Briefing today.
Greg McNeil

February 14, 2023

The Benefits of Web Accessibility

ADA Compliance, ADA Website Compliance, Website Accessibility
Why AI & Overlay Widgets Fail ADA Website Compliance
As the digital world continues to evolve, many businesses are turning to Artificial Intelligence (AI) and overlay widgets to make their websites accessible. While these technologies are marketed as solutions to make websites ADA compliant, they often fail to deliver on that promise. In fact, they often make websites less accessible for those with disabilities.

What are AI and Overlay Widgets?

AI and overlay widgets work by modifying a website’s code with a snippet of JavaScript, usually in the form of a toolbar, plugin, app, or widget. However, while they claim to detect and correct web accessibility barriers dynamically, overlays do not fix the website’s source code. Instead, they can detect fundamental accessibility issues, such as color contrast and text size, to make modifications. While overlays might seem like a cheap and beneficial method for web accessibility, they do not fix the underlying code. Leaving website owners exposed to the risk of an ADA lawsuit.

Why Overlay Solutions Fail to Deliver True Web Accessibility

Many AI and overlay solutions are used as a band-aid to cover up fundamental web accessibility issues. Still, they do not resolve the critical accessibility issue. Relying on an AI or overlay tool as a long-term solution can open you to legal risk, and provide a false sense of security.

Web Accessibility Barriers Not Resolved with AI and Overlay Widgets

One of the biggest problems with AI and overlay widgets is that they do not address the inherent access barriers on websites. These technologies are designed to make websites more accessible for people with disabilities. However, they need to address the underlying issues that make websites inaccessible in the first place. Unfortunately, the WCAG guidelines are too complex for overlay tools to provide the robust modifications required.

So, what issues are ignored by AI and overlay widget tools?
- Multi-level navigation menus not navigable via keyboard
- Newsletter popups, flyout carts, and other modals do not trap or automatically receive focus
- Logical tab order violations
- Images, buttons, and form fields that have incorrect labels
- Buttons created using non-interactive HTML tags that cannot be operated via keyboard
While most of these issues are not visible to all users, these issues are significant barriers for users with disabilities. This means that while AI and overlay widgets may provide some level of accessibility, they often fail to make websites usable for those with disabilities.

Overlays Can Increase Accessibility Barriers

AI and overlay widgets can increase accessibility barriers. These technologies may add additional steps or layers to the user experience. Making it more difficult for people with disabilities to navigate and interact with websites. This can be especially problematic for people with cognitive disabilities, who may struggle with the added complexity of using AI and overlay widgets.

AI and Overlay Widgets Override Existing Assistive Technology Tools

Furthermore, AI and overlay widgets can affect users’ existing assistive technology tools. Making it difficult for people with disabilities to use the technology they already rely on to access websites, such as screen readers or voice recognition software.

Additionally, AI and overlay widgets may not be able to interact with these tools in a way that benefits all users. This can create a frustrating and inaccessible experience for those with disabilities, who may feel that the added technology is just another barrier to accessing information and services online.

Overlays Prevent an Inclusive Web Experience

By adding additional layers of technology to websites, these technologies can create a sense of exclusion for those with disabilities, who may feel that they are not part of the mainstream online experience. This can also lead to a lack of engagement and motivation to use websites and participate in online communities.

These barriers can lead to poor brand perception and potential loss of revenue. By using overlays, you are offering people with disabilities a different web experience with reduced functionality. This directly contradicts the goal of digital inclusion. Creating an inclusive web experience entails fixing accessibility issues to create one accessible, homogenous brand experience.

AI and Overlay Widgets Hinder Website Performance

AI and overlay widgets can slow website performance, making it more difficult for all users to access information quickly and efficiently. In addition, these technologies often rely on complex algorithms and software that can be resource-intensive. Resulting in longer screen loading times and making it difficult for users to access the website and its content. This can be especially problematic for people with mobility or motor disabilities. As they may have limited time to interact with websites and need quick and responsive access to information.

Overlays Solution Increase Legal Liability

Finally, AI and overlay widgets increase legal liability. AI and overlay widgets are automated technology utilizing complex algorithms and software. However, automated scans can only detect 30% of web accessibility errors. The remaining 70% of the issues are detected only through manual testing. While some overlay providers provide manual testing and remediation services, this often comes at a hefty cost for the website. The remediation is only applied to the overlay layer, exposing the underlying barriers.

If a website is not accessible to users with disabilities, it violates laws such as the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). Unfortunately, AI and overlay widgets cannot provide the level of accessibility required by these laws. Therefore, increasing the legal liability for website owners with accessibility overlays or widgets installed. In fact, there has been an upward trend of lawsuits filed against companies with accessibility overlays or widgets installed. With 400 lawsuits being filed in 2021 and 600 in 2022.

What Should Website Owners Do Instead of Using Overlays?

While AI and overlay widgets might seem like an easy solution to protect your website, you must adapt the WCAG 2.1 guidelines and best practices into an ongoing process.

As you make changes to your website, new accessibility issues can arise. So, it is essential to test your website often. And although AI and overlay widgets should be avoided, not all digital technology is bad. For example, automated testing is an efficient and reliable tool to regularly check your website for low-hanging barriers and stay on top of WCAG compliance. But, of course, even the best-automated accessibility solution will not be able to detect every problem. That is why manual testing by accessibility experts who know what to look for is required. Luckily, 216digital has ADA experts to provide risk mitigation, manual testing, ADA remediation, and ongoing monitoring services to help you achieve your accessibility goals and needs.

Conclusion

While AI and overlay widgets may seem like a good idea for web accessibility, they fail to deliver. These technologies can increase accessibility barriers, affect users’ existing assistive technology tools, prevent inclusive web experiences, slow website performance, and increase legal liability. Instead of relying on these technologies, businesses should focus on creating truly accessible and inclusive websites that meet the needs of all users, including those with disabilities.

The 216digital web accessibility experts are ready to help you through each step of your accessibility journey. Answering your questions and resolving each obstacle. From ADA Accessibility Lawsuit Risk Mitigation to expert ADA Remediation, we put you in a position of strength. We understand how websites get targeted for frivolous lawsuits and what to do to keep you off the radar of law firms that specialize in filing ADA lawsuits.

Become web accessible on your terms with 216digital by developing a strategy to integrate WCAG 2.1 compliance into your development roadmap as part of the development process. Learn more about how the ADA experts at 216digital can help achieve ongoing real-world accessibility on your terms by scheduling an ADA Strategy Briefing today.
Greg McNeil

February 14, 2023

Legal Compliance

Accessibility, ADA Compliance, ADA Website Compliance, Ai and Overlay Widgets, Website Accessibility, Website Accessibility Tools
Web Accessibility & the Disabled Access Tax Credit: Who Qualifies, and Key Stipulations
“Tax season” and “good news” don’t naturally go together. However, there is good news for small businesses that have already invested in web accessibility: the Disabled Access Credit. The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) offers a tax credit through form 8826 to help recoup some of the cost of making your website more accessible to individuals with disabilities. If you haven’t already made your website more accessible, these tax incentives might help put ADA compliance in your web development plans this year.

What is the Disabled Access Tax Credit?

The Disabled Access Tax Credit is a tax incentive providing small businesses with gross receipts of one million dollars and less or those that employ 30 or fewer full-time employees, that have made accessibility improvements to their website. This credit can help offset the costs of those modifications and provide financial relief to small businesses working to make their spaces accessible to everyone.

Unlike tax deductions that reduce taxable income or the tax owed, a tax credit gets subtracted from the tax owed. For example, the Disabled Access tax credit covers 50% of the eligible expenditures made during the previous tax year, with a maximum limit of $10,250.

Does the Disabled Access Tax Credit cover Web Accessibility?

Yes, the Disabled Access Tax Credit covers website accessibility as web accessibility is becoming increasingly important. The Department of Justice in 2018 stated that websites are considered a place of public accommodations, Therefore, the ADA covers websites and mandates accessibility in the digital space, allowing the Disabled Access tax credit to be applied to businesses that invest in owning and operating accessible sites.

Many accessibility practices or implementation types qualify as expenditures. Still, there are several accessibility elements when calculating your annual accessibility fee. These include web accessibility solutions or tools that optimize websites. Here are some key variables to consider in your annual accessibility fee:
- Website Modifications
- Page Format and Hierarchy
- Live Chat Services
- File and Media Fixes
- Consulting Service Fees
Eligibility for the Disabled Access Tax Credit

The Disabled Access Tax Credit is available to small businesses with a maximum of $1 million in annual revenue or fewer than 30 full-time employees. The development costs associated with the necessary changes to the website to make it more accessible with the standards outlined in the ADA such as the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) for websites to be eligible. This includes adding alternative text to images, providing video captions, and ensuring the website can be navigated using only a keyboard.

What are the Stipulations?

The good news is that the Disabled Access Tax Credit can be applied for and earned annually. However, you can’t carry expenditures over to claim a credit exceeding the prior year’s expenditure limit. But, if the credit amount exceeds the taxes you owe, you can roll the unused credit into the following year.

The Disabled Access Tax Credit covers the following accessibility and ADA-related expenditures:
- Web accessibility & optimization
- Language interpreters
- Adaptive equipment
- Printed materials
- Elimination of physical obstacles
- General consulting
Is It a One-Time Deal?

No, in fact you can get this credit any year ADA accessibility work is done on your website. This tax break is such a powerful incentive that many small businesses have adopted a policy of annual ADA accessibility website audit/ reviews.

How to Apply for the Disabled Access Tax Credit

There is no need to apply, simply complete the IRS Form 8826 and submit it with your yearly tax return. In addition, it must include information about the accessibility improvements made, the expenses incurred, and the credit calculation. You can find Form 8826 on the IRS government website, where you can further research the rules and stipulations regarding the Disabled Access Tax Credit. You can also read more on the IRS Tax Credits and Deductions page on the Americans with Disabilities Act website.

Don’t forget to consult with a tax professional before you send in your comprehensive return files. If your tax professional is unaware of the Disabled Access Tax Credit, tell them the form number (8826). They can quickly fill out the form and state the amount spent on accessibility efforts, speeding up the process and ensuring it’s correct!

Web Accessibility & the Disabled Access Tax Credit

The 8826 form can be a valuable tool for small businesses that engage ADA accessibility developers to work on their websites. The 8826 Disabled Access Tax credit has made it possible for many small businesses to make ADA remediation an ongoing process to ensure the website remains accessible to all users. By making sure your website is compliant and accessible, you can help ensure that your business is reaching the widest possible audience and staying in compliance with the law.

Suppose you are a small business owner looking to make your website more accessible and take advantage of the Disabled Access Tax Credit. In that case, we encourage you to reach out and schedule a 15-minute ADA Briefing with our web accessibility experts at 216digital.
Greg McNeil

February 14, 2023

Testing & Remediation, The Benefits of Web Accessibility

Accessibility, ADA Compliance, ADA Website Compliance, Website Accessibility
Are Web Accessibility Testing Tools Enough to Ensure Compliance
As the internet continues to grow and evolve, the importance of website accessibility becomes ever more crucial. A website’s accessibility is not just a matter of convenience but a matter of civil rights as well. This is why website accessibility checkers have become a popular tool for many web designers and developers. They help identify potential barriers that could make a site difficult for those with disabilities.

However, while website accessibility testing tools are a great starting point, they are not a comprehensive solution for ensuring website accessibility. Relying solely on website accessibility testing tools can be a dangerous mistake that could leave your website inaccessible to a significant portion of your target audience.

What Are Website Accessibility Testing Tools?

Automated website accessibility testing, such as Lighthouse, WAVE, and Firefox Inspector, automate the process of checking a website for accessibility barriers. These tools can quickly scan a website and identify potential accessibility barriers, such as missing alt text, improper header structures, and broken links. The results from these tools come in the form of a report. This can be used as a starting point to improve accessibility.

Do Website Accessibility Testing Tools Provide False Sense of Security?

Website accessibility testing tools are valuable in identifying potential barriers to accessibility. However, it’s important to note that website accessibility testing tools are not perfect.

Limited Detection of Web Accessibility Barriers

Automated testing tools are limited by the algorithms and data sets they use to identify accessibility issues. As a result, they can only detect what they are programmed to and might miss some critical accessibility barriers. For example, website accessibility testing tools cannot test for keyboard accessibility, essential for individuals who use assistive technology to navigate the web. In addition, automated testing tools can only detect about 30% of accessibility issues. The remaining 70% of barriers can only be detected through manual testing by a person.

This is why passing website scans can provide a false sense of security if a manual audit is not included as part of the accessibility review process. By incorporating a manual accessibility audit into your review, the pitfall of your website passing one or more automated accessibility checks but still be non-compliant and inaccessible can be avoided.

Inaccurate Results and False Positives

There’s another potential issue to remember when using automated web accessibility testing tools, inaccurate results or false positives. This occurs when an accessibility test identifies a barrier that does not exist, leading you to fix issues that are not necessary.

What are False Positives?

Automated accessibility tools analyze patterns within your website’s code and markup. Most tools compare your website’s code to the international standard for digital accessibility, Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG).

Some WCAG guidelines have simple pass-or-fail resets. For example, WCAG requires alternative text for non-text content, such as images. If an image does not contain an alt tag, that is considered a “fail.” However, other issues that require a deeper understanding of context are limited to AI tools, which result in false positives. For example:
- Some images, such as logos and dividers, are purely decorative and do not require alt text. However, they must be implemented in a way assistive technologies can ignore. WCAG Success Criterion (SC) 1.1.1, “Non-text Content,”
- Purely decorative text or low-contrast logotypes do not violate WCAG’s color contrast requirements. However, automated tools can not determine what text qualifies for these exceptions. WCAG 2.1 SC 1.4.3, “Contrast (Minimum)”
- Content that contains the WAI-ARIA aria-hidden attributes. While WAI-ARIA aria-hidden attributes are not also necessary, there are legitimate reasons to use aria-hidden to hide content from AT.
While this is not a comprehensive list, many WCAG criteria have exceptions for certain types of content. Unfortunately, the WCAG guidelines are to complex for automated tools to provide accurate feedback on all accessibility barriers. However, the purpose of accessibility is to accommodate real users, not AI tools.

Don’t Rely On Web Accessibility Testing Tools Alone

While web accessibility testing tools are beneficial, they should not be relied on alone. Instead, automated tests need to be combined with a manual review from a web accessibility expert to remove all accessibility barriers.

Manual Audits

Manual audits are more thorough and time-consuming, but they provide a more accurate assessment of website accessibility. A manual review involves evaluating a website by using a combination of tools and human judgment. It consists of testing a website using various assistive technologies. This includes screen readers, keyboard navigation, and magnifiers, to simulate the experience of individuals with disabilities. Manual testing can help to identify the remaining 70% of barriers that automated testing tools cannot find, such as poor alt tags, confusing navigation, and inaccessible forms.

A manual review can also ensure that website accessibility guidelines are being met. For example, the WCAG guidelines state that websites must be perceivable, operable, understandable, and robust. A manual review can ensure these guidelines are met by evaluating the website’s content, structure, and functionality.

In Conclusion

Website accessibility testing tools and manual review are crucial for ensuring web compliance. While website accessibility testing tools help identify potential accessibility issues, a comprehensive manual review is necessary for full accessibility. In addition, manual reviews can identify barriers that automated testing tools cannot and ensure that website accessibility guidelines are met.

In conclusion, ensuring a website is accessible to everyone is not only a matter of convenience but also a matter of civil rights. A combination of website accessibility testing tools and manual review can help to ensure that websites are accessible and compliant with WCAG guidelines.

For guidance with your accessibility initiative, schedule an ADA Strategy Briefing today to connect with a web accessibility expert at 216digital.
Greg McNeil

February 13, 2023

Testing & Remediation

Accessibility, ADA Compliance, ADA Website Compliance, Website Accessibility, Website Accessibility Tools
Why Your Business Needs an ADA Website Accessibility Strategy Now

As a business owner, you have a legal and, some would argue, moral obligation to provide equal access to all users, including those with disabilities. The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) is a federal law that requires all businesses to provide equal access to their goods and services to individuals with disabilities. This law applies not only to physical locations but also to websites and online services, making it essential for businesses to ensure their digital presence is accessible to all users. Failure to do so can result in significant liability.

However, despite the clear benefits of having an accessible website, many businesses have yet to implement a strategy for ADA website accessibility. This article will explore why companies must develop a plan for ADA website accessibility and how.

What is Web Accessibility?

One of the main components of ADA website accessibility is ensuring that websites are accessible to individuals with disabilities. This means that websites must be usable by individuals who are blind, deaf, or have limited mobility. This includes text alternatives for visual or audio content, easy-to-use navigation, and appropriately labeled and structured forms or input fields.

Why is ADA website accessibility important?

ADA website accessibility ensures that all individuals, regardless of their abilities, have equal access to information and services on your website. This includes individuals with visual, auditory, physical, and cognitive disabilities. A website that is not accessible can prevent these individuals from accessing information, making purchases, and interacting with your business.

Additionally, the number of ADA accessibility lawsuits filed against companies has increased dramatically in recent years. Unfortunately, the trend shows no signs of slowing down, and businesses of all sizes risk being sued. Even small companies with limited resources are vulnerable, as they are often seen as easy targets by plaintiffs looking to win settlements.

Why Should Businesses Develop a Strategy for ADA Website Accessibility?

There are several reasons why you need to develop a strategy for ADA website accessibility and liability now.

Legal Compliance

The ADA requires businesses to make their websites and online content accessible to individuals with visual, auditory, physical, and cognitive impairments. By ensuring your website is accessible, you could mitigate frivolous ADA lawsuits, fines, and negative publicity.

In recent years, there has been a sharp increase in lawsuits related to website accessibility. In 2022, there were 2,387 web accessibility lawsuits filed in Federal Court and California State Court under the Unruh Act. However, industry insiders say 97% of demand letters are settled and never evolve into a lawsuit. This means plaintiffs sent more than 1,500 demand letters per week in 2022.

User Experience

By making your website accessible, you provide a better user experience for all visitors. This not only shows that you care about your customers, but it also helps you to stand out from your competitors. This includes adding alternative text for images, providing video captions, and using simple, straightforward language for all content. In addition, it helps to improve the overall usability of your website. Making it easier to navigate, and providing a better overall experience for your customers.

Brand Reputation

Having an accessible website reflects your brand’s values and commitment to inclusiveness. Demonstrating your commitment to accessibility can help improve your brand reputation and credibility, leading to increased customer loyalty and sales.

Improved Search Engine Optimization (SEO)

When you make your website accessible to people with disabilities, you are also making it easier for search engines to crawl and index your site. In addition, search engines like Google prioritize websites that are accessible and user-friendly. This can help improve your search engine rankings, increasing traffic and higher visibility for your business.

Increased Reach and Potential Customers

Making your website accessible to individuals with disabilities can increase your website traffic. According to the World Health Organization, around 15% of the world’s population lives with some form of disability. By making your website accessible, you can tap into this large and growing market that the competition might overlook. As a result, you can reach a wider audience and expand your potential customer base.

How Can Businesses Develop a Strategy for ADA Website Accessibility?

Businesses must have a strategy for implementing web accessibility and managing potential ADA website liability. This includes having a plan for responding to any possible ADA-related complaints and lawsuits. It also means having a system in place for monitoring website accessibility and making any necessary changes.

Conduct a Website Audit

The first step in achieving ADA website accessibility is to perform an audit. This will help you to identify any areas of your website that need to be improved to meet ADA standards. You should consult a web accessibility expert to perform the audit.

While automated tools such as WAVE or Lighthouse can provide a great starting point, automated tools can only detect 30% of accessibility barriers. However, manual audits provide a more accurate assessment of website accessibility. A manual review involves evaluating a website using assistive technologies, such as screen readers, keyboard navigation, and magnifiers, to simulate the experience of individuals with disabilities.

Implement Necessary ADA Web Accessibility Updates

Once you have identified areas of your website that need to be improved, make the necessary updates. This can include adding alt tags to images, ensuring your website is navigable with a keyboard, and providing text alternatives for videos.

Train your Employees

Training your team is essential to ensure that your website remains accessible. Make sure your team understands the importance of ADA website accessibility and knows how to make updates to your website to maintain compliance. This will ensure everyone working on your website is committed to making it accessible and reducing future risks.

Regularly Monitor and Update

Businesses should regularly monitor their website to ensure that it remains accessible. ADA website accessibility is an ongoing process. As you make changes to your website and web accessibility guidelines evolve, new accessibility issues may arise. It is crucial to address these promptly.

By developing a strategy for ADA website accessibility and liability now, businesses can protect themselves and their customers. Not only will this help companies to avoid potential legal issues, but it will also help ensure that all website visitors can access and use the website. In the long run, this will help businesses build trust and loyalty with their customers and improve their overall customer experience.

In Conclusion

ADA website accessibility is not just a legal requirement, but it is also an opportunity to reach a large and growing market. By developing a strategy for accessibility now, businesses can avoid costly lawsuits, protect their reputation, and increase their website traffic. Investing in accessibility is an investment in the future of your business.

At 216digital, we understand developing a strategy for ADA Website accessibility and liability can be a beast of a project. So, why let web accessibility hijack your development backlog with all the competing website enhancements that could add value to your business? 216digital can help develop a strategy to integrate WCAG 2.1 compliance into your development roadmap on your terms. To learn more about how the ADA experts at 216digital can help build an ADA WCAG 2.1 compliance strategy to achieve ongoing, real-world accessibility on your terms, schedule an ADA Strategy Briefing.

Kayla Laganiere

February 13, 2023

Legal Compliance, Testing & Remediation, The Benefits of Web Accessibility

Accessibility, ADA Compliance, ADA Website Compliance, Website Accessibility
What Are the Levels of WCAG Compliance?
When it comes to accessibility compliance, the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) version 2.0 is the most widely used standard worldwide. WCAG has set internationally shared standards for web content accessibility to meet the needs of individuals, organizations, and governments. Web Content applies to all content on a web page or application, including text, images, sounds, code, or markup that define a website’s structure or presentation.

There are three levels of WCAG compliance: A, AA, and AAA. Although this distinction is essential, it can be baffling. Therefore, we will discuss what WCAG A, AA, and AAA are, what they mean for your site, and which compliance level to aim for when becoming accessible.

Learn more about WCAG and ADA Web Accessibility Standards

What are the WCAG Levels?

There are three compliance levels within WCAG 2.0: A, AA, and AAA. For a website to be accessible for all users, each level’s requirments must be met. The distinction between conformance levels gives an organized structure requiring an increasingly higher standard of accessibility. The three levels provide flexibility upon different situations. For example, in complex websites or advancing technologies, to maintain a minimum level of compliance.

WCAG Foundation Principles

Each level of compliance is based on the same four principles of web accessibility. These principles are the foundations for content on the web and anyone wanting to use it. WCAG 2.0 guidelines follow these four principles: perceivable, operable, understandable, and robust, referred to as POUR. Therefore, to understand each WCAG level, it is essential to start with their foundation.

Perceivable

A website’s information and elements must be apparent to the user, leaving nothing undetectable or invisible. Most users perceive content and elements on a website through visuals. However, sound or touch are used alternatively for those unable to.

Operable

A website’s interactive elements such as controls, buttons, and navigations should be operable by all users. Users must operate the interface elements by first identifying those elements and selecting those options. Most users can interact by clicking, tapping, swiping, or rolling. However, users who cannot physically click require voice commands or other assistive devices to engage with interactive elements.

Understandable

Websites must be clear and concise in presenting predictable patterns for interaction and design. Users should have no issue comprehending the meaning or purpose of the presented information, including the function of buttons or other elements on a website. Everything should have a purpose and should be recognizable to all users.

Robust

Content must be robust enough for users to understand the function and reliably use various assisting technologies.

What Do the Different WCAG Conformance Levels Mean?

As previously mentioned, WCAG 2.0 A, AA, and AAA all have specific criteria to be met. The requirements for a website include all interactive elements, content, and presentation following four principles of POUR. WCAG does provide guidelines for each level for what an accessible website should do, each level building upon the next. However, the specific actions each website must take to be considered accessible or reach a certain level of compliance are not outlined. The most significant difference between conformance levels A, AA, and AAA is what they mean for the users of each website.

WCAG 2.0 Level A: Minimal Compliance

Level A covers the basic requirements and is the minimum degree of accessibility for a website to be accessible. Basic requirements to meet Level A do not impact the design or structure of the website. Failure to fulfill will result in an inaccessible website and will be impossible or exceedingly difficult for users with disabilities to use.

Notable WCAG 2.0 Level A success criteria include:
- All non-text content such as audio, video, or images must have a text alternative such as an alt text within the website’s code or captions to serve as an equivalent source for information and context.
- Users can effectively navigate the website using only keyboard inputs.
- Time-based media or video content must have a media alternative for text.
- Content and interface elements conveyed through presentation can be extracted and presented to the user in different modalities through assistive technologies or user agents.
- Color is not used as the only visual means of conveying information, prompting a response, distinguishing an element, or indicating an action by the user.
WCAG 2.0 Level AA: Acceptable Compliance

Level A conformance is an excellent starting point. However, Level AA goes further by ensuring a website must be deemed usable and understandable for most people, regardless of ability. For this reason, level AA compliance has been the standard for accessibility and web accessibility laws globally, including the ADA and Section 508 in the United States.

Notable WCAG 2.0 Level AA success criteria include:
- Text for content, captions, and text images can be resized without assistive technology up to 200% without loss of range of function.
- Text or alt text is used to convey information or content rather than images with text.
- More than one way to locate a web page within a website except when the web page is the result of a process or steps
- Navigation elements are consistent throughout the site
- Form fields have accurate labels
WCAG 2.0 Level AAA: Completely Compliant

Compliance at WCAG 2.0 is the highest level of accessibility and accommodates the maximum number of users. Unfortunately, it is also the most challenging level to achieve. While this level of compliance would be ideal, it is not necessary., W3 states they do not recommend or require Level AAA compliance for an entire website since it is impossible to achieve Level AAA from some content.

Notable WCAG 2.0 Level AAA success criteria include:
- Sign language interpretation for audio or video content
- Visual presentation of text and images has a contrast ratio of at least 7:1 except for large text, logo, or visual decorative components with no significance to the content.
- Timing is not an essential part of any activity on the website.
- The website does not contain anything that flashes more than three times in any one second.
- Context-sensitive help is available.
Can You Partially Meet a WCAG Level?

A website must meet all of the accessibility compliance level’s guidelines. To state that a website is Level AA compliant, it must meet every requirement for both Level A and the Level AA guidelines. Therefore, if you meet the24 out of 25 requirements for Level AA, your site will still be deemed only a Level A. However, please do not use this not to try to aim for higher levels of compliance. The more accessible your site is, the better the user experience is for your users regardless of their abilities.

What WCAG Level to Aim For

Most websites and development teams aim to meet Level AA. The legally required level for legislation for specific sites is Level AA, including the ADA and Section 508. Suppose you want to strengthen your existing website by making it ADA compliant. In that case, it is best to accomplish the Level A criteria first before progressing to Level AA. A Level A compliance level is still more accessible than an inaccessible website.

Closing

Understanding the different levels of WCAG 2.0 and their requirements can serve as a guide when implementing accessibility into your website. Take the first steps towards becoming accessible. Testing and correcting accessibility issues will help better your business and mitigate expensive ADA lawsuits.

Integrating accessibility can seem intimidating at first, but 216digital is here to help. If you would like more information on web accessibility or how to make your website accessible today, schedule a 15-minute complimentary consultation with our experts.
Greg McNeil

January 27, 2022

WCAG Compliance

Accessibility, WCAG, Website Accessibility, Website Accessibility Tools
2022 ADA Web Accessibility Standards and Requirements
For most of us, it’s hard to imagine trying to navigate the world today without the web. We use it for almost everything: socializing, shopping, consuming media, research, the list goes on. However, the web is not accessible to all. Individuals with disabilities or impairments struggle to use the internet or are unable to. Unfortunately, the lack of standardized guidelines for proper website development and design has left the web full of obstacles and barriers. As a result, The Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI) was created to standardize web accessibility and develop universal guidelines for web content and applications, browsers, and authoring tools. Below, we will take a look at what you need to know as an online business owner and user about web accessibility, including:
- What is a Web Accessibility?
- What are the Requirements for Web Compliance?
  - Web Accessibility Standards
  - The Four Principles of Web Accessibility
  - The Components of Web Accessibility
- Compliance and Legislation ADA
  - WCAG
  - Section 508
- How Can 216digital Help Your Website ADA Compliant?
What is Web Accessibility?

We have all experienced inconveniences of blurry images, websites not compatible with mobile devices, and slow-loading websites on the internet. While these issues may be annoying, they can completely restrict internet usage for individuals with disabilities or impairments.

Web accessibility helps aid in the development of perception, understanding, contribution, navigation, and interaction for individuals with disability or impairments on the internet. All individuals should have the same access to digital information regardless of their ability. Therefore, integrating accessibility into your website is vital for all customer experiences.

Learn more about what is web accessibility and its importance.

What are the Requirements for Web Compliance?

Before making your website accessible, you must first understand the standards, principles, and components that contribute to making a website accessible.

Web Accessibility Standards

The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) provide an internationally shared standard for web content accessibility. Web content is the information on a web page or application, including text, images, sound, and code that defines a website’s structure or presentation.

There are two versions of WCAG currently applied: WCAG 2.0 and 2.1. WCAG 2.0 was published in 2008 but was not accepted by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) until 2012. 2.1 was published ten years later in 2018 to include all of the previously accepted standards of 2.0 with additional criteria. WCAG 2.0 and 2.1 are backward-compatible, meaning that content conforming to WCAG 2.1 follows WCAG 2.0.

Following the standards introduced by WCAG, websites’ success at implementing accessibility practices are classified into three levels of conformance, Level A, AA, and AAA.

Level A

Level A is the basic requirement and the minimum degree of accessibility that must be satisfied. Failure to fulfill will result in an inaccessible website.

Level AA

This level addresses the more common web barriers individuals with impairments or disabilities face. In addition, Level AA is also the highest conformance required by most websites to remove the most significant accessibility barriers.

Level AAA

The highest level for accessibility under WCAG is level AAA. Unfortunately, it is also the most difficult to achieve. Achieving this level of compliance is desirable but is not necessary.

The Four Principles of Web Accessibility

The principles of web accessibility are the foundations for all content on the web and for anyone wanting to use it. WCAG 2.0 and 2.1 guidelines follow these four principles: perceivable, operable, understandable, and robust, also known as POUR. POUR is an acronym used to define functional accessibility in a website.

Perceivable

A website’s information and elements must be apparent to the user, leaving nothing undetectable or invisible. Most web users perceive the content and elements of a website through visuals. Sound or touch are used alternatively for those unable to. For instance, a well-written alternative text can help provide context to that missing viable information for individuals unable to visually perceive an image.

Operable

A website’s interactive elements such as controls, buttons, navigations, and more should be operable for all users. Users must operate the interface elements by first identifying those elements and physically selecting them. Those who cannot engage with interactive elements by clicking, tapping, swiping, or rolling use voice commands or other assistive devices. In other words, websites should not require actions that some users cannot perform. Some users won’t even use your website if they cannot function with a keyboard alone. These barriers can limit your website’s reach and create a poor user experience for all users.

Understandable

Websites must be clear and concise in presenting predictable patterns within their use and design. Users should have no issue comprehending the meaning or purpose of information. The “understandable” principle also applies to user interaction elements such as buttons or other elements on your site. Everything should have a purpose and meaning and should be recognizable.

Robust

Content must be robust enough for users to understand the content’s function reliably using a wide variety of technologies, including assistive devices. Above all, as technologies advance, content within a website should remain accessible.

The lack of any of these four principles will make your website inaccessible. Therefore, the WCAG guidelines and standards branch out on these four principles into more detailed levels as discussed above, Levels A, AA, and AAA.

The Components of Web Accessibility

Accessibility is an aspect that covers every part of a website. The various components of a website should interconnect and complement one another for the site to function and be available for individuals with impairments or disabilities. These components include content, user agents, authoring tools, and evaluation tools.

Content

Content encompasses all of the information on a website or web application, including elements on the front and back ends. The content consists of text, images, sounds, presentation, structure, and interactive features on the front-facing end. On the backside of a website, the scope includes the code, scripts, or markups assistive technologies use.

User-Agents

User agents act on behalf of a user, including web browsers, media players, plug-ins, and assistive technologies.

Authoring Tools

Authoring tools assist in creating digital content, such as blogs or code editors.

Evaluation Tools

Evaluations tools can help determine how effective your accessibility attributes are and help to track your remediation efforts.

Compliance and Legislation

The growing awareness of digital accessibility as a civil right has increased dramatically. As a result, several countries have started to set web accessibility standards and regulations to pressure website owners to address these issues or face legal actions and public scrutiny. By complying with web accessibility legislation, you could mitigate a frivolous ADA lawsuit. Here are some of the more prominent laws and guidelines globally and in the United States.

ADA

The Americans with Disabilities Act, or ADA, was passed on July 26th, 1990, in the United States to ensure equal and fair treatment for individuals with disabilities. The Act secures equal rights for people with disability in the fields of employment, state and local governments, public accommodations, telecommunication, and miscellaneous provisions. Therefore, these five fields are typically referred to as Title I, II, III, IV, and V of the ADA.

Title III states that all areas of public accommodation, such as hotels, schools, restaurants, and retailers, must secure equal access to services and information for all users. As the internet has evolved, websites and mobile apps have become essential places to shop, learn, share and connect. Therefore, new lawsuits under the Act have prompted the Department of Justice (DOJ) to expand the definition of areas of public accommodation to include websites and online applications. Therefore, any barriers prohibiting or limiting access to a website violates Title III.

WCAG

As discussed prior, The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines, or WCAG, is the international accessibility standards established by the World Wide Web Consortium(W3C). The guidelines offer technical recommendations on how to make your website content accessible. Although WCAG is not enforceable, the guidelines have become the foundation of severe mandatory accessibility regulation around the world, including The United States Section 508,

Section 508

Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 requires all federal agencies in the United States to ensure that electronic and information technology is accessible to people with or without disabilities. The electronic and information communication technology subject within Section 508 includes websites, web applications, software, and digital documents. In 2018 Section 208 was updated to coordinate with the international accessibility standards of WCAG.

How Can 216digital Help Your Website ADA Compliant?

Becoming web-accessible can become confusing, intimidating, and costly, but knowing you are not alone is essential. Here at 216digital, we are passionate about web accessibility and ensure you are getting the most money. That is why we offer different ADA remediation services to fit what your website and business need now. In addition, we have teamed up with the National ADA law firm to understand better how furious lawsuits occur, what they target, and how to resolve this issue before it’s too late.

If you would like more information on web accessibility or how to make your website accessible today, schedule a15-minute complimentary website audit and consultation with our experts.
Greg McNeil

January 27, 2022

Legal Compliance

Accessibility, ADA Website Compliance, Website Accessibility, Website Accessibility Tools