Web Accessibility Archives - Page 6 of 12/Tag

Accessibility in JavaScript: A Developer’s Guide
JavaScript has revolutionized web development, enabling developers to create interactive and dynamic websites. However, these enhancements can also introduce significant accessibility barriers if not implemented thoughtfully. For web developers and eCommerce managers, ensuring that JavaScript-powered features are accessible isn’t just about compliance—it’s about creating an inclusive experience for all users.

This guide explores the essential techniques, testing methods, and best practices to ensure that JavaScript features meet accessibility standards and improve usability for everyone.

Why Accessibility in JavaScript Matters

Interactive JavaScript elements, such as modals, dropdown menus, and dynamic content updates, can be challenging for users with disabilities. Poorly implemented JavaScript can break keyboard navigation, confuse screen readers, or cause focus management issues, creating barriers that exclude a portion of your audience.

By prioritizing accessibility, developers can:
- Meet Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG).
- Improve user experience for everyone, including users with disabilities.
- Reduce the risk of legal action related to accessibility non-compliance.
- Expand your website’s audience and customer base.
Common Accessibility Barriers in JavaScript

Before diving into solutions, let’s examine some common accessibility pitfalls associated with JavaScript:
1. Keyboard Inaccessibility: Many JavaScript features rely on mouse interactions, neglecting users who navigate with a keyboard.
2. Focus Management Issues: Improper handling of focus can disorient users, especially when triggering modals, popups, or dynamic content.
3. Unlabeled ARIA Roles: Dynamic elements without proper ARIA roles and attributes can confuse screen readers.
4. Non-Compliant Custom Widgets: Custom components like sliders, tabs, or accordions often fail to replicate the functionality of their native HTML counterparts.
5. Content Updates Without Notifications: Dynamic content changes that are not announced to assistive technologies leave users unaware of critical updates.
Best Practices for Accessible JavaScript

To make your JavaScript-powered features inclusive, follow these best practices:

1. Ensure Keyboard Accessibility

All interactive elements must be operable using only a keyboard. Consider the following:
- Use semantic HTML elements like <button>, <a>, and <input>, which have built-in keyboard support.
- Add tabindex= "0" to custom elements to make them focusable.
- Avoid tabindex values greater than 0, which can disrupt the natural tabbing order.
- Implement custom keyboard interactions for widgets like dropdowns and modals. For example, allow users to close a modal with the Escape key.
2. Manage Focus Properly

Focus management is critical when working with dynamic content. Here’s how to handle it:
- Set Initial Focus: When opening a modal, move focus to the first interactive element within it.
- Trap Focus: Prevent users from tabbing out of an open modal.
- Restore Focus: Return focus to the triggering element when the modal is closed.
- Avoid Focus Loss: Ensure that dynamically added content doesn’t cause focus to disappear.
3. Use ARIA Responsibly

Accessible Rich Internet Applications (ARIA) can enhance screen reader compatibility, but misuse can lead to confusion. Follow these guidelines:
- Use ARIA Roles: Assign roles like role= "dialog" for modals or role= "menu" for dropdowns.
- Add ARIA States: Use attributes like aria-expanded, aria-hidden, and aria-live to convey element states to assistive technologies.
- Don’t Overuse ARIA: Avoid using ARIA when semantic HTML can achieve the same result.
4. Announce Dynamic Content Updates

For screen reader users, dynamically updated content must be announced clearly:
- Use aria-live regions to alert users to changes in content.
- Set the aria-live attribute to “polite” for non-urgent updates or “assertive” for critical changes.
- Avoid excessive announcements, which can overwhelm users.
5. Test Custom Widgets Thoroughly

If you create custom widgets, ensure they mimic the behavior of native elements:
- Use the WAI-ARIA Authoring Practices Guide as a reference.
- Make widgets focusable, operable via keyboard, and compatible with screen readers.
- Test with multiple assistive technologies and devices to ensure broad accessibility.
Testing JavaScript for Accessibility

Accessibility testing is an essential part of development. Use the following tools and methods to identify and address accessibility issues:

Automated Tools
1. Lighthouse (built into Chrome DevTools): Provides a quick audit of accessibility issues.
2. WAVE: Highlights accessibility problems directly on your webpage.
Manual Testing

Automated tools can’t catch every issue, so manual testing is critical:
- Keyboard Navigation: Ensure all interactive elements are focusable and operable with the Tab and Enter keys.
- Screen Readers: Test your website with screen readers like NVDA, JAWS, or VoiceOver.
- Focus Indicators: Verify that focus indicators are visible and intuitive.
Real-World Scenarios

Test your website with users who rely on assistive technologies. User feedback can uncover issues that developers might overlook.

Meeting WCAG Requirements

To comply with WCAG, focus on these key guidelines:

Perceivable
- Ensure text alternatives for images and icons.
- Provide captions for video content.
Operable
- Make all functionality available via a keyboard.
- Avoid content that flashes more than three times per second.
Understandable
- Use clear labels and instructions.
- Ensure consistent navigation and predictable interactions.
Robust
- Use valid HTML and ARIA attributes to ensure compatibility with assistive technologies.
Benefits of Accessible JavaScript

Implementing accessible JavaScript goes beyond compliance. It delivers tangible benefits, such as:
- Improved User Experience: Accessible features make your website easier to use for everyone.
- Increased Market Reach: Approximately 16% of the world’s population lives with some form of disability. Accessibility ensures they can engage with your website.
- Better SEO: Many accessibility improvements, like proper headings and alt text, also enhance search engine rankings.
- Legal Compliance: Meeting accessibility standards helps protect your business from lawsuits and reputational damage.
Conclusion

It is far easier to create accessible JavaScript from the onset rather than trying to fix it as an afterthought if you are armed with the proper knowledge.

Stay informed about evolving standards like WCAG and remain proactive in integrating accessibility into your development workflow. If you’re unsure if your JavaScript is accessible or are looking for an implementation partner who is focused on accessibility, reach out to 216digital using the contact form below.
Greg McNeil

January 17, 2025

How-to Guides

Accessibility, How-to, JavaScript, Web Accessibility, web developers, Website Accessibility
Web Accessibility Compliance Under the Equality Act
Digital accessibility is about ensuring everyone can use your website—no exceptions. While most U.S. website owners focus on ADA compliance, a lesser-known yet impactful piece of legislation from across the pond is the Equality Act 2010. Let’s dive into how this U.K. law impacts your digital space and how you can make your website an inclusive haven for everyone.

Understanding the Equality Act 2010

The Equality Act 2010 is a U.K. law aimed at protecting individuals from discrimination in areas like employment, education, and access to services. It ensures equal opportunities for all, regardless of disability, age, gender, race, or religion.

Although the Act doesn’t mention websites specifically, the “reasonable adjustments” principle applies to digital platforms. If you’re serving U.K. customers, ensuring everyone can navigate your site is your obligation.

How Does the Equality Act Apply to Web Accessibility?

Reasonable adjustments under the Equality Act could look like:
- Screen reader-friendly navigation: Help visually impaired users navigate through your site.
- Color contrast that pops: Make text stand out for those with visual challenges.
- Captions and transcripts: Add these to videos and audio files for hearing-impaired users.
- Keyboard navigation: Ensure people who can’t use a mouse can still explore every corner of your site.
Failing to meet these expectations could result in legal trouble. Plus, it’s likely to leave users frustrated.

Why Should U.S. Website Owners Care?

The internet has no borders. You’re in the Equality Act’s jurisdiction if your website gets U.K. visitors. Accessibility isn’t just about avoiding lawsuits. It’s about:
- Expanding your audience: More accessibility means more customers.
- Boosting your brand: Inclusivity is a good look for any business.
- Improving user experience: Accessible sites work better for everyone. Think faster loading and easier navigation.
Steps to Achieve Web Accessibility Compliance

1. Adopt WCAG Standards

Start with the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG 2.1 AA or WCAG 2.2). Key highlights include:
- Text alternatives: Describe images for screen readers.
- Adaptable layouts: Ensure your site looks great on all screen sizes.
- Color contrast: Make text legible against its background.
- Keyboard navigation: Interact with all the elements on your site without requiring a mouse.
2. Conduct an Accessibility Audit

Run your site through tools like WAVE or Google Lighthouse to spot barriers. Pair this with manual testing—real users with disabilities will catch things that machines miss. Pay extra attention to:
- Navigation menus (don’t let these turn into a digital labyrinth).
- Forms and fields (labels and instructions should be crystal clear).
- Media files (videos need captions, images need alt text).
3. Implement Inclusive Design Practices

Accessibility isn’t a retrofit—it’s part of the blueprint. Here’s how:
- Use readable fonts and scalable text sizes.
- Structure content with clear headings.
- Make buttons big enough to click without precision aiming.
4. Train Your Team

Your developers and designers are the architects of accessibility. Offer training so they can:
- Write stellar alt text. No “image.jpg” placeholders!
- Test new features for accessibility.
- Create forms and tables that work for everyone.
5. Monitor and Update Regularly

Web accessibility isn’t a one-and-done deal. Use tools like a11y.Radar for ongoing monitoring. Keep tweaking as tech evolves.

Benefits of Web Accessibility

Making your site accessible isn’t just a nice thing to do. It’s smart business. Here’s why:
- Expand Your Audience: Capture the attention of millions of users with disabilities.
- Boost SEO: Accessible sites rank better on Google.
- Enhance User Experience: Accessibility features often make navigation a breeze for everyone.
- Mitigate Legal Risks: Stay on the right side of the law while avoiding reputation hits.
Common Pitfalls to Avoid
- Relying Solely on Overlays: Widgets can lead to more barriers for visually impaired users and future litigation.
- Ignoring Mobile Users: Accessibility applies to all devices.
- Skipping User Testing: Automated tools miss the human touch.
Take Action Today

The Equality Act 2010 highlights the importance of inclusivity, even in the digital world. By embracing accessibility, you’re not just complying with laws—you’re inviting everyone to do business with you.

Start by adopting WCAG standards, auditing your site, and building accessibility into your design process. Need help? Tools like a11y.Radar and expert resources can guide you every step of the way.

Remember, making your website accessible isn’t just about obligation—it’s an opportunity to connect with a broader audience and create a truly welcoming online space.
Kayla Laganiere

January 14, 2025

Legal Compliance

Accessibility, Equality Act, International Accessibility Laws, WCAG, Web Accessibility
WAVE Accessibility Tool: A Step-by-Step Guide
Have you ever clicked on a website and felt completely lost—like the menus were in hidden corners, or the text was so tiny you had to squint? Sometimes, the root of that problem is an accessibility issue. Put simply, a site might not be built in a way that everyone can use comfortably. That’s where WAVE comes in. WAVE (short for Web Accessibility Evaluation Tool) helps detect areas on your website with barriers and provides you with tips on how to fix them. It’s free, easy to use, and super handy for making sure your site works for everyone.

If you’ve never heard of WAVE or used it before, don’t worry—you’re not alone! In this guide, we’ll break it down step by step and show you how it can make your website better, clearer, and more user-friendly. Let’s dive in!

What Is the WAVE Accessibility Tool?

So, what exactly is WAVE? Created by WebAIM, this free tool looks for possible problems on any webpage and points them out. Think of it like a traffic light system for your site’s accessibility. If there’s a red light, it means an issue needs immediate attention—like missing text descriptions for images (which can be a big deal for screen reader users). If something’s in yellow, it could be a warning sign that may or may not become a problem.

But what makes WAVE so remarkable is its visual approach: it marks up your page with icons and colored boxes so you can spot issues right where they happen. It also highlights structural elements—like headings, landmarks, and ARIA attributes—to ensure your website is logically organized and easy to navigate. No more digging through code and guessing what went wrong. Just click, glance, and fix!

Key Features of WAVE Accessibility Tools

Browser Extensions

If you’re a fan of quick-and-easy solutions (who isn’t?), you’ll love WAVE browser extensions. You can add them to Chrome or Firefox with just a few clicks. Once that’s done, go to any webpage, hit the WAVE icon in your toolbar, and boom—you get an instant report without switching tabs. It’s perfect for those of us who like minimal fuss.

Online WAVE Tool

If extensions aren’t your thing or you’re using a borrowed computer, don’t worry. WAVE also has an online tool. All you have to do is visit the WAVE website, copy the link to the page you want to test and paste it. Within seconds, you get a full-page view loaded with accessibility markers. This approach keeps you flexible, especially if you switch devices a lot.

Visual Feedback

One of the best parts of WAVE is how it breaks down what might be going wrong. Errors, warnings, and even things that are working just fine each get their own unique symbols. You’ll see icons, colors, and outlines placed directly on top of the webpage elements. This visual overlay system helps you zero in on issues (like missing alt text or poor contrast ratios) more quickly than poring over raw code.

Accessibility Panels

After WAVE loads your page, you can explore different panels to learn more:
- Summary Panel: This shows you how many errors, alerts, and features were found.
- Structure Panel: Gives you a rundown of your headings, lists, and how the page is organized. This is super helpful for seeing whether screen readers will read your page in a logical order.
- Details Panel: Goes deeper by explaining each issue and how to fix it. If you’re the type of person who likes step-by-step instructions, you’ll feel right at home here.
How to Use WAVE Effectively

Getting Started

First things first: pick your favorite way to use WAVE. If you like convenience, grab the Chrome or Firefox extension. If you’d rather not install anything, head straight to the online WAVE site. From there, it’s as simple as entering your page’s URL. Once you see your page covered with icons, you’ll know you’re in business.

Running an Analysis

When you launch WAVE, it basically scans the webpage in front of you and marks all the potential issues. Think of it like a helpful friend pointing out the spinach in your teeth—except here, it’s pointing out an image without alt text or headings that aren’t in the right order. You might see red icons (these are errors), yellow icons (warnings), or other symbols that highlight good features, too. Scroll down to make sure you don’t miss any marks hiding at the bottom of the page.

Interpreting Results

Getting an A+ in accessibility can feel like unlocking a secret achievement! But sometimes, your first scan with WAVE might bring up a list of errors longer than you’d hoped. Don’t panic. Errors typically mean your site is missing something important, like proper labels for form fields or headings that make sense. Warnings, on the other hand, are more like gentle taps on the shoulder, suggesting a potential issue.

You’ll also see that WAVE links these issues to specific guidelines from the WCAG (Web Content Accessibility Guidelines). That might sound fancy, but it basically helps you follow official rules, so you’re not just guessing how to fix stuff.

Prioritizing Fixes

So, you’ve got a bunch of red and yellow icons—where do you even start? Focus on the red ones first (the errors). Fix things like missing alt text or form labels right away since those directly affect how people access and use your content. Next, tackle the warnings. You might spot patterns, like repeated heading problems across several pages. Fixing them in one swoop can save you a lot of time.

Exporting and Sharing Results

If you’re part of a team, you’ll probably want to show your coworkers what needs fixing. WAVE makes this easy—there’s an option to export the report or share a link to the scanned page. This can be a lifesaver when you need to prove to a manager that certain design choices might be causing trouble for users. Plus, it keeps everyone on the same page—literally!

Strengths and Limitations of WAVE

WAVE is user-friendly, offers quick visual feedback, and gives both beginners and experienced developers something to love. It’s like having a built-in teacher who highlights mistakes and nudges you toward the right answers.

What It Does Well
- Highlights errors and warnings right on the page.
- Teaches you about accessibility by explaining each issue.
- Checks for essential elements like color contrast, heading hierarchy, and ARIA attributes.
- It works within your browser or online, so no extra files are needed.
Where It Falls Short
- Single-Page Focus: WAVE is excellent for testing one page at a time but isn’t designed to crawl an entire site in one go.
- Scope of Automation: Automated checks can’t evaluate everything—like the clarity of your alt text or how user-friendly your navigation is. Manual testing is still essential, especially for things like complex JavaScript interactions.
- Not a Magic Fix: WAVE won’t fix issues for you—it only shows you what to work on. Consider it a trusty sidekick, not a fully automated superhero.
Best Practices for Using WAVE

Combine with Other Tools

While WAVE is incredible, consider also using tools like Google Lighthouse or Accessibility Radar (a11y.Radar). The more eyes on your site, the better.

Manual Testing Matters

Automated tools can catch a lot of problems, but human testing can uncover hidden barriers—like confusing navigation menus or unclear copy. Think of WAVE as your first line of defense, not the only line.

Train Your Team

If you’re not the only one updating the website, make sure others know how to read and understand WAVE reports. Accessibility is more manageable when everybody’s on board.

Start Early

Don’t wait until your site goes live to test for accessibility. Use WAVE during the design phase so you can catch significant issues before they become big headaches.

Make It Part of a Bigger Strategy

Use WAVE as the baseline for your accessibility plan. Re-run tests after making changes and encourage feedback from real users. Over time, you’ll build a more inclusive experience.

That’s a Wrap: Waving Goodbye to Barriers

Making your site accessible is really about welcoming everyone—whether they use screen readers, need larger text, or want a smoother experience. WAVE takes the guesswork out of finding those hidden roadblocks. It shows you exactly where to focus your efforts, helping you make fast progress toward a more inclusive website.

As powerful as WAVE is, remember that it’s only one piece of the puzzle. Combining WAVE’s insights with manual testing, user feedback, and other evaluation tools like Axe or Lighthouse will give you a well-rounded approach to accessibility. Over time, you’ll find that accessibility isn’t just about rules and standards—it’s about caring for the people visiting your site. Happy scanning, and may your website become a place where everyone feels right at home!
Greg McNeil

January 13, 2025

Testing & Remediation, Web Accessibility Monitoring

Accessibility, Accessibility testing, automated testing, WAVE, Web Accessibility
The EAA Lands in June
The European Accessibility Act (EAA) is set to shake things up for businesses operating in the European market. Starting in June 2025, the EAA will require companies to meet strict accessibility standards for websites, mobile apps, and digital products. If you’re working in or serving customers in the European Union (EU), this isn’t just about meeting requirements—it’s a chance to grow your reach and create better digital experiences for everyone.

Let’s dive into what the EAA is all about, why it matters, and how you can get ready for this significant change.

What is the European Accessibility Act?

The EAA is a groundbreaking law aimed at ensuring equal access to products and services across the European Union. Enforced by individual EU member states, it applies to a wide range of digital and physical products, including websites, mobile apps, software, and e-commerce platforms. The primary goal of the EAA is to eliminate barriers for people with disabilities and promote inclusivity and equal participation in society.

The EAA establishes clear accessibility requirements for businesses operating within the EU and harmonizes standards across member states. This ensures consistent accessibility efforts while simplifying compliance for companies working across the EU. For online businesses, compliance is guided by EN 301 549, the technical standard that serves as the foundation for meeting EAA requirements.

Scope of the EAA

The EAA’s web accessibility covers a broad range of applications such as:
- Websites and mobile apps
- E-books and online publications
- ATMs, ticketing, and check-in machines
- E-commerce platforms
EN 301 549: The Technical Backbone of the EAA

At the heart of the EAA’s web compliance is EN 301 549, a technical standard based on W3C’s Web Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG). These standards provide a clear framework for ensuring accessibility in websites, software, mobile apps, and other ICT products. By following WCAG 2.1 AA guidelines, companies can make their digital content usable by individuals with visual, auditory, cognitive, or motor impairments.

Suppose your e-commerce site, cloud software, SaaS platforms, or mobile apps already meet WCAG 2.1 AA requirements. In that case, they likely comply with EN 301 549—and, by extension, the EAA.

Are There Any Exceptions to EAA Compliance?

Although the EAA imposes strict accessibility standards, it recognizes that achieving complete compliance may sometimes be impractical. Under the “Disproportionate Burden Clause,” organizations can request exceptions if they show that meeting the requirements would impose an undue hardship. However, this doesn’t serve as a blanket exemption—companies must provide thorough documentation and clear justification for why they cannot reasonably comply. Even when an exception is granted, they are still expected to take every feasible step to maximize accessibility.

Why the EAA Matters

The EAA’s focus on accessibility marks a significant step forward in creating an inclusive digital environment across the EU. For businesses, compliance isn’t just a legal requirement; it’s an opportunity to reach a broader audience and demonstrate a commitment to inclusivity. As the EAA reshapes the accessibility landscape, it’s time to evaluate your products and services to ensure they’re ready to meet the new standard.

Here’s why it matters:

It’s Legally Required

The EAA is not just a guideline; it’s enforceable legislation that comes into effect in June 2025. Businesses that fail to comply could face fines, legal consequences, and even damage to their reputation. Taking action early gives you ample time to address challenges and ensure your digital products meet the required standards without unnecessary stress.

Reach a Larger Audience

Over one billion people worldwide live with disabilities, representing a significant—yet often underserved—consumer base. Of these, more than 135 million are in the EU, constituting a substantial market segment businesses cannot ignore. Making digital services accessible fulfills a critical need and demonstrates your brand’s commitment to inclusivity and respect for diverse audiences.

For U.S. businesses operating in the EU, compliance with EN 301 549 ensures alignment with the EAA’s requirements, preventing legal and reputational risks.

Better User Experience for Everyone

Accessibility improvements don’t just benefit people with disabilities; they enhance usability for all users. Features like simplified navigation, larger text options, and better color contrast make digital platforms easier for everyone. These changes lead to more satisfied customers and improved engagement.

Boost SEO and Discoverability

Accessibility isn’t just about compliance; it’s also a strategic way to improve your online presence. By following EN 301 549 and WCAG 2.1 AA standards, your website becomes more search engine-friendly, with features like descriptive alt text, clean navigation, and clear content structure. These enhancements make it easier for search engines to index your site, improving rankings and visibility. Embracing accessibility ensures your digital content is discoverable by a broader audience while meeting the compliance standards of the EAA.

How to Prepare for the EAA

Preparing for the EAA might seem overwhelming at first, but tackling it step by step makes the process manageable. Here’s how to get started:
- Audit Your Digital Accessibility: Evaluate your digital products and services against EN 301 549 and WCAG 2.1 AA guidelines. Use tools or hire experts to identify any accessibility gaps.
- Fix What Needs Fixing: Once you’ve pinpointed the issues, prioritize fixes like:
  - Adding alt text to images
  - Ensuring keyboard navigation works seamlessly
  - Improving color contrast
  - Testing for mobile responsiveness
- Train Your Team: Accessibility isn’t a one-time project—it’s an ongoing effort. Train your team on accessibility basics, like creating user-friendly designs, writing clear content, and following coding best practices.
- Use Accessible Tools: Make sure your design and development tools have built-in accessibility features. These tools can catch common issues early and save you time.
- Work with Accessibility Pros: If accessibility isn’t your area of expertise, partner with professionals specializing in it. They can guide you through audits, fixes, and long-term compliance strategies.
- Keep an Eye on Accessibility: Accessibility needs regular maintenance. Review your digital products often, especially when you update or add new features, to make sure everything stays compliant.
Overlays: The Quick Fix That Falls Short

Many businesses are attracted to accessibility overlays—automated tools that promise instant compliance. However, as the European Commission noted in 2023, “Claims that a website can be made fully compliant without manual intervention are unrealistic.”

While overlays may tackle surface-level issues, such as adding alt text or color contrast adjustments, they often fail to address deeper, more complex accessibility challenges like proper keyboard navigation, dynamic content handling, or compatibility with assistive technologies. These limitations mean overlays can leave users with disabilities frustrated and websites at risk of non-compliance. Real accessibility demands both automated solutions and hands-on human expertise.

The Upside of Accessibility

Meeting the EAA’s requirements isn’t just about avoiding fines. It’s an opportunity to:
- Boost Your Brand: An accessible business is seen as inclusive and forward-thinking.
- Build Customer Loyalty: People appreciate companies that make an effort to include everyone.
- Be Ready for the Future: As accessibility expectations grow, being ahead of the curve will pay off.
- Expand Your Market: Serving more people means more potential customers and growth.
Don’t Wait: Turn Accessibility into an Advantage

The European Accessibility Act is a big deal, but it’s also a chance to improve your business in meaningful ways. The June 2025 deadline might seem far off, but it’ll be here before you know it. Waiting until the last minute could lead to rushed fixes, higher costs, and unnecessary stress. Starting now ensures you have time to make thoughtful, lasting improvements.

By aligning with EN 301 549 and integrating accessibility into your workflows, you’ll not only meet the EAA’s standards but also create better experiences for your customers. Embracing accessibility can boost your brand, build customer loyalty, and expand your market while positioning your business as inclusive and forward-thinking.

Take the first step today by scheduling an ADA briefing with 216digital. Our experts can guide you through compliance, helping you stay ahead of the curve and turn accessibility into a strategic advantage.
Greg McNeil

January 10, 2025

Legal Compliance

Accessibility, EAA, European Accessibility Act, International Accessibility Laws, Web Accessibility, Website Accessibility
Email Accessibility: Why It Matters for Your Marketing
Did you know that many marketing emails are nearly impossible for some people to read? It’s true! People with disabilities, especially those who use screen readers, often struggle with text that isn’t coded properly or images that don’t have any descriptions. The good news is that email accessibility is simpler than you might think. In this article, we’ll explore why emails can be hard to read for people with disabilities, why you should care, and how you can start making changes today. Let’s dive in!

Why Accessibility in Emails Matters

You might be wondering, “Why should I think about email accessibility?” There are two big reasons:
1. Reach More Readers: Accessibility helps you connect with a larger audience, which means more potential customers.
2. It’s the Right Thing to Do: Many people rely on screen readers or special settings to read their messages, and they deserve the same great experience as everyone else.
Plus, consider this: There are about 61 million adults in the United States alone who have disabilities, and over one million of them are blind. Emails that aren’t accessible can stop them from reading newsletters, buying products, or joining your events. By focusing on accessibility, you’re ensuring everyone can connect with you.

The Business Case for Accessible Emails

You might ask, “Why should I spend my time on email accessibility?” Here are three compelling reasons:
1. Stay Legally Compliant: Laws like the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) may apply to online communication. Staying compliant avoids potential legal issues.
2. Expand Your Audience: People with disabilities make up a significant group. Including them ensures your message reaches more people.
3. Improve Content for Everyone: Accessible content benefits all users. For example, larger fonts are easier on the eyes, and descriptive link text helps people skimming emails on their phones.
In short, email accessibility isn’t just nice to have — it’s a smart move that can boost your brand and prevent legal headaches.

Why Marketing Emails Tend To Be Inaccessible

Let’s be honest: emails can be tricky. Here’s why:
- They Rely on Tables for Layout: Modern web pages use advanced CSS layouts, but many email clients don’t support them. This forces developers to use tables, which can confuse screen readers if not coded correctly.
- Limited Support for Buttons: Real <button> elements often aren’t supported. Replacing buttons with images can create accessibility issues if the images lack descriptions.
- Drag-and-Drop Tools Aren’t Perfect: Email builders like Mailchimp or HubSpot can generate messy or incomplete HTML code, leading to hidden accessibility problems.
These challenges make email accessibility tricky, but don’t worry. With a few simple steps, you can overcome these issues.

Building an Accessibility Checklist for Emails

Here’s a simple checklist to help you make your emails more accessible:

Template Setup (One-Time Fixes)
1. Add role=”presentation” to Tables: This attribute tells screen readers to ignore table structure, reducing confusion.
2. Underline Inline Links: Don’t rely on color alone to indicate links. Use underlines to make them easily identifiable.
3. Avoid Using One Big Image as Your Email: Screen readers can’t interpret a single large image. If images are disabled, subscribers will see an empty box instead of your content.
Campaign-Level Fixes
1. Add Alt Text to Every Image: Alt text provides descriptions for images. Keep it brief but clear (e.g., “Model wearing a red winter jacket”).
2. Use Semantic HTML Elements: Use <h1> for main headings, <h2> for subheadings, and <p> for paragraphs to help screen readers understand content structure.
3. Use Descriptive Links: Replace vague link text like “Click Here” with “View our winter jackets” to provide context.
Testing and QA for Your Accessible Emails

How can you ensure your emails are accessible? Test them!

Manual Testing

Use free screen readers like NVDA (Windows) or VoiceOver (Mac) to hear how your email sounds. Listening to your email read aloud is a great way to catch problems.

Automated Testing Tools

Use tools like Google Lighthouse or WAVE to scan your email’s web version for issues. Publish a temporary version, get the URL, and analyze it for errors.

A/B Testing

Test different versions of your accessible emails to see what resonates best with your audience. Compare engagement metrics to measure the impact of accessibility.

Accessibility Best Practices for Email Design

Here are additional tips for email accessibility:
1. Make It Mobile-Friendly: Ensure text, buttons, and layouts work well on smaller screens.
2. Choose Readable Fonts and Colors: Use high contrast (e.g., black text on a white background) and avoid tiny fonts.
3. Avoid Flashing or Moving Text: Fast-moving elements can be challenging for some users. Use animation sparingly.
Encouraging a Culture of Accessibility

Once you start focusing on accessibility, share your knowledge with your team:
1. Offer Mini-Trainings: Show marketing and design teams how to add alt text or check code for issues.
2. Collaborate with Developers: Work with your development team to address tricky code problems.
3. Celebrate Wins: Highlight successful accessible campaigns during team meetings to encourage continued focus.
Conclusion

Email accessibility matters because it helps people with disabilities, grows your audience, and enhances your brand’s reputation. The best part? It doesn’t have to be complicated. With simple steps like adding alt text, using descriptive links, and making your designs mobile-friendly, you can create emails that everyone can enjoy.

Take a moment to review your next email draft. Is there alt text? Are links descriptive? Are fonts readable? If so, you’re already ahead of many marketers. Keep going, and soon accessibility will become a natural part of your email marketing process, benefiting both your audience and your brand
Greg McNeil

January 3, 2025

How-to Guides, The Benefits of Web Accessibility

Accessibility, email accessibility, How-to, Web Accessibility, web developers
Accessibility in 2025: Why Web Accessibility Can’t Wait
These days, the internet is part of almost everything we do. Whether you’re shopping, learning, or connecting, the web matters. But what happens when some people can’t access your website in 2025? If your site isn’t built for everyone, think about the message that it sends.

In 2025, ignoring accessibility isn’t just risky—it’s neglectful. It can also lead to hefty legal issues. How many possible customers are you losing because your site doesn’t work for them? And how much would a lawsuit cost, both financially and in lost reputation? Accessibility isn’t just another box to check. It’s a responsibility we all share. If you’re still waiting to act, ask yourself: why the delay?

Evolving Accessibility Standards in 2025

Web accessibility has come a long way. The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) from W3C offer a reliable framework. These guidelines cover how to make digital spaces work for everyone, including people with disabilities.

By 2025, updates like WCAG 2.2 and the emerging WCAG 3.0 raise the bar further. These updates include new mobile standards, improved focus indicators, and better support for cognitive disabilities. By following these evolving standards, you’ll build a site that truly serves every user.

Government Enforcement and Legal Implications

Governments around the world are getting stricter about accessibility. In the U.S., Title II of the ADA now places stronger requirements on public entities. These rules will roll out in April 2026 and 2027, creating clear deadlines for compliance.

Meanwhile, the European Accessibility Act (EAA) takes full effect by June 28, 2025. This law applies to public institutions and private businesses, including e-commerce and financial services. Non-compliance could land you in legal trouble and damage your reputation. Adapting to these rules isn’t just about avoiding fines—it’s about making sure everyone can use what you offer.

Accessibility as a Business Imperative

Many businesses don’t realize how much accessibility can affect their bottom line. The truth is that investing in accessibility is a wise move.

Legal Implications

By 2025, lawsuits about inaccessible websites are becoming more common. In 2024 alone, there were over 4,000 ADA lawsuits in the U.S. That number highlights a growing push for compliance. One unfortunate trend is “copycat” lawsuits, where 41% of 2024’s cases targeted businesses with previous noncompliance.

Settlements can run anywhere from $10,000 to $100,000, not counting legal fees. Worse still, your public image may take a hit that’s hard to fix. Courts have made it plain: websites must be accessible. If you ignore these requirements, you could be facing big legal bills and a tarnished reputation.

Market Potential in 2025

Accessibility isn’t just about avoiding risks. It also opens the door to millions of new customers. About 15% of the world’s population has some form of disability. Add older adults who benefit from clear, easy-to-use sites, and you’ve got an even bigger market.

In the U.S. alone, people over 50 drive more than $8 trillion in economic activity each year, according to AARP. That’s huge, and it’s only growing as our population ages. Making your site accessible also boosts SEO and discoverability. This helps everyone, not just those with specific disabilities.

Competitive Advantage

If two companies offer the same service, but one has a user-friendly website, guess who wins? Accessibility sets you apart. It shows you respect and value every customer, building trust in your brand. In 2025, that might be the difference between thriving and floundering.

An accessible site also signals that your brand is forward-thinking and inclusive. Many customers care about companies that “walk the talk” on social issues. By putting accessibility first, you position yourself as an industry leader.

Challenges and Misconceptions

Some organizations stall on accessibility because they think it’s too pricey or too complicated. Others believe quick fixes, like overlays, will solve everything. These myths can hold your business back.

The Myth of Overlays

Overlays promise one-click solutions, but they often cause more harm than good. They can break your website’s functionality or confuse users of assistive technologies. Sometimes, they even block screen readers or tangle up navigation.

They also don’t meet many legal requirements, leaving you open to lawsuits. True accessibility needs mindful design, thorough testing, and a commitment to ongoing improvements—no shortcuts allowed.

For more information on the harm of screen overlays, check out the Overlay Fact Sheet.

Fear of Cost

Yes, accessibility takes time and resources. But it doesn’t have to ruin your budget. Start small by fixing the biggest barriers on your site. Simple changes—like adding alt text or improving color contrast—can make a huge impact.

In the U.S., businesses can also use the Disabled Access Credit for accessibility expenses. Over time, small steps lead to big changes. You’ll build a more inclusive online presence and reduce the risk of costly legal battles.

The Role of Technology in Accessibility

Fortunately, technology is making accessibility easier. In 2025, AI-driven tools can help identify issues quickly. Popular tests, like Google Lighthouse or WAVE, flag areas that need improvement.

Assistive technologies are also evolving. Screen readers and voice recognition software are getting smarter. However, technology alone can’t solve everything. You must understand your users and design with their needs in mind. That human-centered approach makes your website better for all.

Practical Steps to Get Started in 2025

Worried your website isn’t accessible yet? Don’t panic. You can start today:
1. Conduct an Audit: Use tools like Google Lighthouse or hire an expert to identify issues on your site.
2. Fix High-Impact Problems: Start with basics like adding alt text, improving keyboard navigation, and fixing color contrast.
3. Build Accessibility Into Your Workflow: Make accessibility a part of every project, from design to development.
4. Seek Help When Needed: Partner with accessibility experts to guide your efforts and ensure long-term success.
Maintain and Monitor Accessibility

Remember, accessibility is a journey, not a one-time fix. Keep track of updates and new content to ensure they don’t add barriers—tools like Accessibility Radar (a11y.Radar) help you watch your site’s accessibility over time. By staying proactive, you’ll keep your site usable for everyone.

Looking Ahead: The Future of Accessibility

In 2025, you can’t afford to ignore accessibility. It’s crucial for growth, legal compliance, and being a decent digital citizen. When you make your site accessible, you open your business to more customers, strengthen your brand, and help create a fairer online world.

Don’t wait for a lawsuit or a complaint to spur action. Start now. Conduct an audit, fix any issues you find, and commit to continuous improvement. If you need help, companies like 216digital are ready to guide you. Together, let’s build a web that works for everyone.
Greg McNeil

January 2, 2025

The Benefits of Web Accessibility, Web Accessibility Remediation

2025, Accessibility, ADA Compliance, New Year's Resolution, Web Accessibility
Accessibility Overlays: Band-Aid Solutions?
Web accessibility is about making sure that everyone, including people with disabilities, can use your website with ease. Many businesses, however, reach for a quick fix known as a “web accessibility overlay.” These overlays claim to instantly solve a website’s accessibility problems by adding a single line of code. At first glance, this may sound like a dream come true: no major redesigns, no deep coding changes, and no extended timelines. Yet overlays often fail to address the real barriers that people with disabilities face. In fact, they can create new challenges and offer website owners a false sense of security.

In this article, we will explore why web accessibility overlays are often called a “Band-Aid solution” and why relying on them can do more harm than good. We will look at some of the technical limitations, discuss how they can conflict with assistive technologies, and share better ways to make your website truly accessible. We will also include links to helpful resources you can explore independently.

What Are Web Accessibility Overlays?

Web accessibility overlays are add-on tools, often in the form of a plugin or script, that claim to repair accessibility issues on a website automatically. Once installed, they usually give users a menu of features such as:
- Text resizing
- Color contrast adjustments
- Keyboard navigation controls
- Screen reader-friendly labels
These options may seem helpful, and some are. However, these overlays do not usually fix deeper issues in the website’s code. Overlays focus on surface-level changes that might look or feel good initially. For example, making text larger or changing color contrast might help some people. But someone who uses a screen reader or another assistive device might still find the site impossible to navigate if the page structure is confusing or missing proper markup.

Why Accessibility Overlays Fall Short

While overlays may claim to bring your site into compliance with standards like the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG), they cannot fix serious problems that come from poor coding, improper headings, or missing labels. Let’s explore some core reasons why these tools can fail.

1. They Don’t Fix Structural Code Issues

A website that is built with accessibility in mind has clean, well-labeled HTML code and logical headings (like <h1>, <h2>, and so on). It also uses the right ARIA (Accessible Rich Internet Applications) attributes where needed. These parts of the code help assistive technologies—like screen readers—understand how the page is organized. If your code is poorly structured, an overlay might add color adjustments or keyboard focus outlines, but it won’t rewrite the site’s underlying structure. Missing or incorrect code stays broken, which causes ongoing problems for anyone who relies on a screen reader or keyboard navigation.

2. Conflicts with Assistive Technologies

One goal of web accessibility is to ensure that people using screen readers, braille displays, or voice recognition software can move through a site and understand its content. Overlays can accidentally disrupt these tools by adding unwanted code or labeling. For example, a screen reader might end up reading duplicate or confusing text because the overlay tries to label items automatically. This could result in a frustrating experience, causing users to abandon your site altogether.

3. False Sense of Compliance

Some businesses install an overlay hoping to protect themselves from legal action under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). However, simply having an overlay does not mean your website is truly accessible or “ADA compliant.” In fact, in 2024 alone, 1,023 companies with an accessibility widget on their website received lawsuits, underscoring that overlays alone cannot shield businesses from legal action. In recent years, many sites using these tools have still faced lawsuits because of the underlying accessibility problems. Accessibility overlays often promise quick compliance, but the law cares about actual accessibility, not just appearances. Relying on an overlay can leave you vulnerable and unprepared if complaints or legal notices arise.

4. Ethical Concerns and User Frustration

Overlays may look like an easy fix for you, but they can feel like a barrier for those who need real accessibility improvements. Many people with disabilities have shared stories of frustration when they encounter overlay menus that don’t work correctly or override their screen reader settings. This can be discouraging for users who regularly deal with inaccessible websites. They may see the overlay as another obstacle rather than a tool that truly helps them. From an ethical standpoint, offering a patch that doesn’t solve deeper issues can be viewed as ignoring the experiences of people with disabilities.

The Risks of Taking the Easy Way Out

Accessibility overlays give website owners the idea that fixing accessibility is simple and quick. Sadly, that is almost never the case. By relying on an overlay, you risk:
- Legal Action: Courts can—and do—rule that a website with an overlay still has accessibility problems. An overlay will not protect you if people with disabilities cannot use your site.
- Damaged Reputation: When users have a poor experience on your site, word can spread quickly. This can harm your brand and turn potential customers away.
- Ongoing Maintenance Issues: Overlays must be updated along with your website’s updates. If the overlay breaks or conflicts with new code, your site could become even harder to use.
Instead of merely putting a bandage on the problems, developing or improving your website in ways that truly benefit all users would be better.

Steps to Achieve Real Accessibility

To create a site that everyone can use, consider a more thorough strategy. This involves reviewing the code, testing it with real users, and making changes that last. Below are some steps you can take.

1. Start with Clean, Semantic Code

Semantic HTML is a fancy way of saying you use the right tags to describe the right content. For example, headings (<h1>, <h2>, etc.) should be in order, and important landmarks (such as navigation and main content) should be labeled. Make sure that images include informative alt text, forms have clear instructions, and interactive elements have correct ARIA attributes if needed. When the base of your site is strong, many common accessibility problems disappear.

2. Test with Real Users and Automated Tools

Automated checkers can point out some problems, like missing alt text or heading errors. However, these tools cannot catch everything. The best approach is to test your website with actual users who have disabilities. Ask for their feedback and watch how they move through your site. You will quickly find issues that an overlay would never fix. This user-first approach ensures your improvements are based on real-world experiences.

3. Collaborate with Accessibility Experts

If you are not sure where to begin, seek help from professionals who specialize in digital accessibility. They can run a thorough audit, identify areas that need work, and guide you in making the proper fixes. This often involves reviewing your design, testing your site’s code, and recommending best practices so that all new content you create will also be accessible.

4. Provide Ongoing Training

Accessibility should be a team effort. Everyone who works on your website—developers, designers, content creators—should know the basics of accessible design. This means understanding how to create keyboard-friendly navigation, how to write alt text, and how to structure pages with clear headings and labels. If your team knows these skills, you are less likely to introduce new barriers when adding or editing content.

5. Plan for Long-Term Maintenance

Websites are never finished; they change over time. That means accessibility is an ongoing project. As you update pages, launch new features, or switch platforms, keep accessibility in mind. Continue testing, train your team, and regularly check for new issues. This helps you stay proactive rather than relying on any one tool to fix barriers as they come up.

Additional Resources

If you would like to learn more about doing accessibility the right way, here are some helpful links:
1. Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG): The official guidelines published by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C).
2. W3C Web Accessibility Initiative: Offers guidelines, techniques, and tutorials on how to create an accessible website
3. WebAIM: A well-known resource that offers articles, tools, and services related to web accessibility.
4. The A11Y Project: A community-driven site with resources for building and maintaining accessible websites.
These resources can guide you in understanding the deeper aspects of accessibility and how to address them.

Moving Forward with True Accessibility

Web accessibility overlays may seem like a quick and convenient solution, but they are ultimately a Band-Aid on a much larger problem. While they can address surface-level issues, they often fail to tackle the deeper, structural barriers that prevent people with disabilities from fully engaging with your website. Worse, relying on overlays can give businesses a false sense of compliance, leaving them vulnerable to legal action and alienating users who need genuine accessibility improvements.

Real accessibility requires a proactive, thoughtful approach—one that prioritizes clean code, user testing, and ongoing education. By investing in these strategies, you can create a website that is not just compliant with legal standards but genuinely inclusive for everyone.

If you’re ready to move past quick fixes and build a site that welcomes all users, 216digital is here to help. We offer expert accessibility audits, training, and monitoring services to ensure your website meets WCAG standards and delivers a seamless experience for every visitor. Reach out to us today to schedule an ADA compliance briefing and take the first step toward meaningful, lasting accessibility.

Let’s build a more inclusive digital world—together.
Greg McNeil

December 30, 2024

Web Accessibility Remediation

Overlay, Overlay widgets, screen overlays, Web Accessibility, Website Accessibility
What is WAI? Making the Web Accessible to Everyone
Have you ever thought about how your website works for people with disabilities? The internet is a fantastic resource, but not everyone experiences it in the same way. For some, barriers like visual, auditory, or motor impairments can turn navigating a website into a frustrating process. That’s where the Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI) comes in—an essential part of making the internet a place where everyone can connect, learn, and share, no matter their abilities.

Created by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), WAI focuses on ensuring that websites, apps, and other online tools are accessible to people with disabilities. Let’s dive into what WAI does, why it matters, and how its guidelines, like the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG), help shape a better web for all.

The Role of WAI in Web Accessibility

At its core, WAI is all about creating a more inclusive internet. The initiative develops resources, guidelines, and standards to make sure digital content is accessible to everyone, including people who are blind, deaf, or have physical, cognitive, or neurological disabilities. By collaborating with governments, organizations, and companies around the globe, WAI helps shape a digital world where no one is left behind.

Why Accessibility Matters

Think about how much we rely on the internet for work, school, shopping, and staying connected. In fact, 28.7% of adults in the U.S. live with some form of disability, and an inaccessible website can be a significant barrier. If your site isn’t accessible, you’re unintentionally shutting out a large portion of the population.

By making your site accessible, you’re not just widening your audience—you’re also promoting fairness and inclusivity. Plus, accessible websites tend to be more user-friendly for everyone, which benefits all your visitors.

The Foundation of WCAG: Four Key Principles

One of WAI’s most significant contributions is WCAG—a roadmap for designing websites that work for everyone. These guidelines are built on four key principles, often summarized as POUR:

Perceivable

Make sure users can access the information on your site, regardless of how they interact with it. This includes adding text alternatives (alt text) to images for screen readers, providing captions for videos, and ensuring text is compatible with assistive technologies.

Operable

Your website must be easy to navigate and use. This means ensuring that all functions can be controlled with a keyboard or voice commands, and avoiding flashing content that could trigger seizures or other issues.

Understandable

Keep the content clear, consistent, and logical. Use plain language, label forms clearly, and offer helpful instructions. When websites are too complicated, it can frustrate users—especially those with cognitive disabilities.

Robust

Your site should work across various devices and assistive technologies, and it should remain usable as technology evolves. This future-proofing ensures that your accessibility efforts have a lasting impact.

WCAG Levels: Aiming for Level AA Compliance

WCAG has three levels of compliance: A (basic), AA (ideal for most businesses), and AAA (highest). For online businesses, meeting WCAG Level AA compliance is a practical, effective, and often legally required goal. At Level AA, you’ll address key accessibility requirements, like:
- Adding alt text for images and videos.
- Ensuring text can be resized without losing functionality.
- Providing sufficient color contrast for readability.
- Keeping navigation consistent and intuitive.
These measures aren’t just about ticking a compliance box—they create a better online experience for everyone, including older adults, people using assistive technology, or even those on mobile devices with slow internet connections.

How WAI Benefits Your Business

For online businesses, embracing the principles of WAI and WCAG isn’t just about doing the right thing—it’s also a smart move. Here’s why:
- Widen Your Audience: An accessible website reaches more users, including those with disabilities, older adults, and anyone relying on assistive tools.
- Boost Your SEO: Search engines often favor accessible sites, as features like alt text and clear headings make it easier to crawl and index your content.
- Avoid Legal Risks: In many regions, WCAG compliance is a legal requirement for public sector websites and a growing concern for private businesses facing accessibility lawsuits.
- Improve User Experience: Accessibility best practices, such as logical structure and user-friendly forms, make browsing more enjoyable for all visitors.
Getting Started with WAI’s Guidelines

If you’re a business owner, web developer, or content creator, you might feel overwhelmed about meeting accessibility standards. Fortunately, WAI offers plenty of resources to guide you. Here are some steps to get started:
1. Familiarize Yourself with WCAG: Review the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines. Start with Level A compliance and work your way to Level AA.
2. Perform an Accessibility Audit: Use tools like Google Lighthouse or WAVE to check your website’s accessibility. These tools can identify issues like missing alt text, low color contrast, or navigation problems.
3. Make Small, Impactful Changes: Begin by addressing the most critical issues. For example, ensure your site allows for keyboard navigation, add captions to videos, and improve text readability.
4. Test with Real Users: Involve people with disabilities in testing your website. Their feedback is invaluable in spotting challenges and ensuring your site is truly accessible.
WAI’s Global Impact

WAI’s influence extends beyond individual businesses or websites, playing a critical role in setting international standards for web accessibility. Governments, educational institutions, and organizations worldwide often adopt WCAG as a benchmark for their digital content. This widespread adoption underscores how vital accessibility is to creating an inclusive online environment.

By providing clear, actionable guidelines, WAI empowers developers and designers to create websites that serve the needs of a diverse audience—no matter their abilities.

Why Accessibility is Everyone’s Responsibility

WAI’s work reminds us that accessibility isn’t just a technical requirement—it’s about fairness, equality, and opening doors for everyone. When you make your website accessible, you’re contributing to a world where people of all abilities have the same opportunities to participate, learn, work, and thrive online.

A Better Web for All

The Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI) is more than just a set of rules—it’s a movement to create a web that works for everyone. With its tools and guidelines, WAI helps businesses and developers make digital spaces inclusive and user-friendly. From the foundational principles of WCAG to the importance of meeting Level AA compliance, WAI’s contributions are shaping a more accessible internet.

If you’re building a website or running an online business, following WAI’s guidance is essential. By embracing accessibility, you’re opening the door to more customers, improving the user experience, and contributing to a more welcoming, equitable digital world.

Ready to make your website more accessible? Schedule a call with 216digital today for a briefing on how we can help you meet WAI standards and create a web experience that’s inclusive, compliant, and effective. Together, we can make your website a better place for everyone!
Greg McNeil

December 26, 2024

WCAG Compliance

POUR, W3C, WAI, Web Accessibility
Keyboard Navigation: A Guide to Accessible Web Testing
Have you ever tried using the internet without a mouse?

For millions of people, that’s not just a thought experiment—it’s how they navigate the internet every day. Whether it’s because of physical limitations, visual impairments, or using assistive tech, the keyboard is their main tool. But here’s the thing: if your website doesn’t work smoothly with a keyboard, you’re not just creating a frustrating experience—you’re leaving people behind.

So, how does your site stack up? Let’s dive into why keyboard navigation matters and how it plays a key role in building an accessible web.

Why Keyboard Navigation Matters

Keyboard navigation is a lifeline for users who can’t rely on a mouse due to physical limitations, visual impairments, or the use of assistive technologies. Moreover, it’s an excellent starting point for testing overall web accessibility. If your website works seamlessly with a keyboard, you’re likely on track to create an inclusive experience for all users.

How to Navigate a Website with Keyboard Shortcuts

Before you start testing your website’s accessibility, it’s helpful to understand the most common keyboard shortcuts users rely on. These shortcuts allow people to move through links, buttons, forms, and other interactive elements.
- Tab Key: Moves focus to the next interactive element.
- Shift + Tab: Moves focus to the previous element.
- Enter or Spacebar: Activates a focused element, such as clicking a link or button.
- Arrow Keys: Scroll through pages or navigate dropdown menus.
- Escape (Esc): Closes modals, dropdowns, or pop-ups.
- Ctrl + F: Opens a search bar (in most browsers) to find specific content on the page.
For Mac users on Safari, enabling full keyboard navigation is a quick adjustment:
1. Open Safari Preferences.
2. Go to the Advanced tab.
3. Check the box next to “Press Tab to highlight each item on a webpage.”
With these basics in mind, you’re ready to put your website to the test.

Testing Your Website for Keyboard Navigation

Keyboard testing doesn’t require fancy tools—just a keyboard, a browser, and a little know-how. Follow this step-by-step guide to evaluate your site’s accessibility.

Start with the Basics: Can You Navigate Without a Mouse?

Unplug your mouse and navigate through your homepage and other key pages using only the keyboard. Can you access all essential features and content?

Check Focus Indicators

Focus indicators are crucial for users who rely on visual cues. As you use the Tab key, ensure there’s a visible outline around the element currently in focus. Check for the following:
- The focus indicator is easy to see and contrasts well with the background.
- The focus moves logically through elements in the order they appear on the page.
If the focus jumps around or disappears, it creates a frustrating experience for users.

Test Interactive Elements

Interactive elements like buttons, links, and form fields should be fully accessible. Specifically:
- Can you submit a form using the Enter or Spacebar key?
- Can you open and close modals or dropdown menus with the keyboard?
- Do navigation menus function seamlessly?
Verify Skip Navigation Links

Skip navigation links allow users to bypass repetitive elements, like menus, and jump straight to the main content. To check this:
- Ensure the skip navigation link is present and functional.
- Verify it’s one of the first focusable elements when using the Tab key.
Watch Out for Keyboard Traps

Keyboard traps occur when users get stuck in an element, like a modal or widget, and can’t move forward. Ensure users can exit these areas by pressing the Escape key or tabbing out.

Tips for Better Keyboard Navigation

Creating an accessible website doesn’t happen by accident. Here are a few tips to enhance keyboard navigation for all users:
- Design with Focus in Mind: Use CSS to style focus outlines for clarity and visibility. Avoid removing focus outlines entirely.
- Ensure Logical Focus Order: Use semantic HTML (e.g., <button> and <a>) and avoid custom elements that might disrupt natural focus flow.
- Leverage ARIA Roles and Labels: Use ARIA (Accessible Rich Internet Applications) roles and labels to make custom components like sliders or dropdowns keyboard accessible.
- Test Regularly: Accessibility is not a one-and-done task. Regular testing ensures your website stays accessible as it evolves.
Common Challenges and How to Address Them

Even with the best intentions, challenges may arise. Here are some common issues and solutions:
- Invisible Focus: Use the :focus pseudo-class in CSS to style interactive elements for better visibility.
- Complex Widgets: Components like carousels or accordions can lack keyboard support. Build these elements with accessibility in mind or use accessible libraries.
- Poorly Labeled Links: Ensure all links and buttons have clear, descriptive text or labels so users know what action they’ll perform.
Why Focus on Keyboard Navigation?

Beyond accessibility, testing your website for keyboard navigation improves overall user experience and usability. Keyboard accessibility is often a foundation for ensuring compatibility with screen readers and other assistive technologies. If your website works well for a keyboard user, it’s likely on its way to meeting broader accessibility standards like WCAG 2.1.

Next Steps: Make Your Website Keyboard-Accessible

Keyboard navigation is more than just a best practice—it’s a cornerstone of inclusive design that invites everyone to participate fully on the web. By ensuring your site is keyboard-accessible, you create a welcoming experience for users of all abilities, reinforce your brand’s commitment to accessibility, and lay a strong foundation for broader ADA compliance.

If you’re ready to take the next step toward digital inclusion, reach out to 216digital to schedule an ADA briefing. We’ll help you assess your website, develop a tailored plan, and guide you through the process of building an online presence that works for everyone. Don’t wait—contact us today and let’s make the internet a more accessible place together.
Greg McNeil

December 24, 2024

How-to Guides, Testing & Remediation

Accessibility testing, keyboard accessibility, Keyboard Navigation, User Experience, Web Accessibility
Accessibility Tax Credit: A Boost for Small Businesses
Web accessibility is becoming a bigger focus for businesses of all sizes. Not only is it about doing the right thing ethically, but it also helps avoid legal issues. Still, many small businesses hesitate to make accessibility improvements because they worry the costs will be too much. What many don’t realize is there’s a tax credit designed to ease those expenses: the Disabled Access Credit, often called the Web Accessibility Tax Credit. This lesser-known benefit can lighten the financial load while encouraging inclusivity. Let’s break down this tax credit, how it works, and how small businesses can use it to set themselves up for long-term success.

Understanding the Web Accessibility Tax Credit

The Disabled Access Credit, outlined in Section 44 of the IRS Code, is a federal tax credit available to eligible small businesses. It’s there to help cover costs related to becoming ADA-compliant. While the ADA is often associated with physical accommodations like wheelchair ramps or accessible restrooms, it also applies to digital spaces. That means the credit can be used for website updates to meet the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) —the technical standards for making digital content inclusive.

For small businesses, this tax credit can make a big difference. Whether you’re hiring someone to do an accessibility audit or purchasing software to improve your site’s functionality, those costs can add up fast. By using the Disabled Access Credit, you can make these improvements much more affordable, creating a welcoming online space for all users.

Why the Accessibility Tax Credit Is a Hidden Gem

Despite its benefits, the Disabled Access Credit isn’t widely used. Part of the reason is that many small business owners simply aren’t aware it exists. Others assume it only applies to physical accessibility upgrades, like installing ramps or widening doorways. But the IRS has made it clear—digital accessibility counts too.

This means countless small businesses miss out on a financial boost that could:
- Offset Accessibility Costs: The credit covers up to 50% of eligible expenses, so you can make improvements without straining your budget.
- Invest in Long-Term Benefits: Accessibility often leads to better user experiences, which helps keep customers coming back.
- Reduce Legal Risks: Proactively addressing accessibility can protect your business from costly lawsuits and reputational damage.
With websites being such a vital part of modern business, making yours accessible can open doors to new audiences and opportunities.

Eligibility Criteria: Does Your Business Qualify?

Not every business can take advantage of the Web Accessibility Tax Credit. Here’s a quick look at the criteria:
- Small Business Status: Your business must have annual gross receipts of $1 million or less from the previous year OR employ 30 or fewer full-time employees.
- Qualifying Expenses: Costs related to removing barriers for people with disabilities—such as making your website WCAG-compliant—are covered.
- Non-Profit Exclusion: Unfortunately, nonprofits don’t qualify for this credit.
If you meet these requirements, you’re in a great position to benefit. Even if you’re close to the revenue or employee threshold, it’s worth double-checking your records to make sure you don’t miss out.

Qualifying Expenses: What Can the Accessibility Tax Credit Cover?

The Disabled Access Credit can cover 50% of eligible expenses over $250, up to a maximum of $5,000 annually. Here are some common expenses that qualify:
- Accessibility Audits: Costs for professional evaluations, including both automated and manual testing of your website.
- Website Modifications: Updates like improved navigation, keyboard functionality, and adding alt text for images.
- Assistive Technology: Tools like screen readers or captioning software for users with disabilities.
- Training: Employee training on accessibility best practices to maintain compliance over time.
For example, if you spend $7,000 on a full accessibility overhaul, subtracting the first $250 leaves $6,750. Applying the 50% credit gives you $3,375 back—a significant savings that can go a long way for a small business.

Steps to Claim the Web Accessibility Tax Credit

Claiming the Disabled Access Credit might sound tricky, but it’s simpler than you think:
1. Talk to a Tax Professional: An accountant or tax advisor familiar with small business tax incentives can confirm your eligibility, guide you through documentation, and suggest the best approach to claiming the credit.
2. Keep Track of Expenses: Save all receipts and invoices for accessibility-related costs, from software to consultant fees.
3. File IRS Form 8826: Attach this form to your annual tax return to claim the credit. Ensure all figures are accurate and supported by the documentation you’ve collected.
4. Consider a Phased Approach: If your total accessibility costs exceed $10,250 in a single year, you may wish to spread your projects across multiple tax years to maximize the annual $5,000 credit. This strategy ensures you continually invest in accessibility without losing out on potential credits.
How Accessibility Enhances Your Business

Some business owners see accessibility as just another expense, but it’s actually a smart investment. Here’s why:
- Reach a Bigger Audience: Around 28.7% of U.S. adults have some disability. Making your site accessible means you’re welcoming a large and often overlooked customer base.
- Improve SEO: Accessibility best practices—like clear headings and descriptive alt text—can also boost your search engine rankings.
- Enhance User Experience: Clear navigation, labeled buttons, and proper color contrast benefit all users, not just those with disabilities.
- Prepare for the Future: ADA-related lawsuits are on the rise. Staying on top of accessibility now can save you legal headaches later.
By prioritizing accessibility, you’re not just checking a box—you’re making a strategic move that benefits your customers and your business.

Practical Tips for Getting Started

If you’re ready to take the plunge into web accessibility and leverage the available tax credit, here are some steps you can take right now:
1. Perform an Accessibility Audit: Use either free automated tools or hire an accessibility consultant to identify your biggest compliance gaps. This will give you a clear roadmap of where you need to make improvements.
2. Set a Budget: Determine how much you can invest and calculate how much of that can be offset by the Disabled Access Credit.
3. Partner with Experts: From web developers specializing in accessible design to training programs that teach your staff how to update content accessibly, a range of expert services can expedite and enhance your compliance efforts.
4. Monitor Progress: Web accessibility isn’t a one-and-done task. Standards evolve, and so do websites. Continually test, update, and refine to stay compliant and maintain a user-friendly experience.
Final Thoughts: A Win-Win Opportunity

The Web Accessibility Tax Credit is a powerful tool that can help small businesses build inclusive, user-friendly websites without taking on the entire financial burden. From improving customer satisfaction to staying compliant with ADA regulations, accessibility has benefits that go far beyond the tax credit.

Ready to get started? Schedule an ADA briefing with 216digital today. Let us help you create an accessible website that strengthens your brand, expands your audience, and positions your business for success.
Greg McNeil

December 23, 2024

The Benefits of Web Accessibility, Web Accessibility Remediation

accessibility tax credit, Disabled Access Credit, tax credit, Web Accessibility

Why Accessibility in JavaScript Matters

Common Accessibility Barriers in JavaScript

Best Practices for Accessible JavaScript

1. Ensure Keyboard Accessibility

2. Manage Focus Properly

3. Use ARIA Responsibly

4. Announce Dynamic Content Updates

5. Test Custom Widgets Thoroughly

Testing JavaScript for Accessibility

Automated Tools

Manual Testing

Real-World Scenarios

Meeting WCAG Requirements

Perceivable

Operable

Understandable

Robust

Benefits of Accessible JavaScript

Conclusion

Understanding the Equality Act 2010

How Does the Equality Act Apply to Web Accessibility?

Why Should U.S. Website Owners Care?

Steps to Achieve Web Accessibility Compliance

1. Adopt WCAG Standards

2. Conduct an Accessibility Audit

3. Implement Inclusive Design Practices

4. Train Your Team

5. Monitor and Update Regularly

Benefits of Web Accessibility

Common Pitfalls to Avoid

Take Action Today

What Is the WAVE Accessibility Tool?

Key Features of WAVE Accessibility Tools

Browser Extensions

Online WAVE Tool

Visual Feedback

Accessibility Panels

How to Use WAVE Effectively

Getting Started

Running an Analysis

Interpreting Results

Prioritizing Fixes

Exporting and Sharing Results

Strengths and Limitations of WAVE

What It Does Well

Where It Falls Short

Best Practices for Using WAVE

Combine with Other Tools

Manual Testing Matters

Train Your Team

Start Early

Make It Part of a Bigger Strategy

That’s a Wrap: Waving Goodbye to Barriers

What is the European Accessibility Act?

Scope of the EAA

EN 301 549: The Technical Backbone of the EAA

Are There Any Exceptions to EAA Compliance?

Why the EAA Matters

It’s Legally Required

Reach a Larger Audience

Better User Experience for Everyone

Boost SEO and Discoverability

How to Prepare for the EAA

Overlays: The Quick Fix That Falls Short

The Upside of Accessibility

Don’t Wait: Turn Accessibility into an Advantage

Why Accessibility in Emails Matters

The Business Case for Accessible Emails

Why Marketing Emails Tend To Be Inaccessible

Building an Accessibility Checklist for Emails

Template Setup (One-Time Fixes)

Campaign-Level Fixes

Testing and QA for Your Accessible Emails

Manual Testing

Automated Testing Tools

A/B Testing

Accessibility Best Practices for Email Design

Encouraging a Culture of Accessibility

Conclusion

Evolving Accessibility Standards in 2025