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  • Keyboard Navigation: A Guide to Accessible Web Testing

    Have you ever tried using the internet without a mouse?

    For millions of people, that’s not just a thought experiment—it’s how they navigate the internet every day. Whether it’s because of physical limitations, visual impairments, or using assistive tech, the keyboard is their main tool. But here’s the thing: if your website doesn’t work smoothly with a keyboard, you’re not just creating a frustrating experience—you’re leaving people behind. 

    So, how does your site stack up? Let’s dive into why keyboard navigation matters and how it plays a key role in building an accessible web.

    Why Keyboard Navigation Matters

    Keyboard navigation is a lifeline for users who can’t rely on a mouse due to physical limitations, visual impairments, or the use of assistive technologies. Moreover, it’s an excellent starting point for testing overall web accessibility. If your website works seamlessly with a keyboard, you’re likely on track to create an inclusive experience for all users.

    How to Navigate a Website with Keyboard Shortcuts

    Before you start testing your website’s accessibility, it’s helpful to understand the most common keyboard shortcuts users rely on. These shortcuts allow people to move through links, buttons, forms, and other interactive elements.

    • Tab Key: Moves focus to the next interactive element.
    • Shift + Tab: Moves focus to the previous element.
    • Enter or Spacebar: Activates a focused element, such as clicking a link or button.
    • Arrow Keys: Scroll through pages or navigate dropdown menus.
    • Escape (Esc): Closes modals, dropdowns, or pop-ups.
    • Ctrl + F: Opens a search bar (in most browsers) to find specific content on the page.

    For Mac users on Safari, enabling full keyboard navigation is a quick adjustment:

    1. Open Safari Preferences.
    2. Go to the Advanced tab.
    3. Check the box next to “Press Tab to highlight each item on a webpage.”

    With these basics in mind, you’re ready to put your website to the test.

    Testing Your Website for Keyboard Navigation

    Keyboard testing doesn’t require fancy tools—just a keyboard, a browser, and a little know-how. Follow this step-by-step guide to evaluate your site’s accessibility.

    Start with the Basics: Can You Navigate Without a Mouse?

    Unplug your mouse and navigate through your homepage and other key pages using only the keyboard. Can you access all essential features and content?

    Check Focus Indicators

    Focus indicators are crucial for users who rely on visual cues. As you use the Tab key, ensure there’s a visible outline around the element currently in focus. Check for the following:

    • The focus indicator is easy to see and contrasts well with the background.
    • The focus moves logically through elements in the order they appear on the page.

    If the focus jumps around or disappears, it creates a frustrating experience for users.

    Test Interactive Elements

    Interactive elements like buttons, links, and form fields should be fully accessible. Specifically:

    • Can you submit a form using the Enter or Spacebar key?
    • Can you open and close modals or dropdown menus with the keyboard?
    • Do navigation menus function seamlessly?

    Verify Skip Navigation Links

    Skip navigation links allow users to bypass repetitive elements, like menus, and jump straight to the main content. To check this:

    • Ensure the skip navigation link is present and functional.
    • Verify it’s one of the first focusable elements when using the Tab key.

    Watch Out for Keyboard Traps

    Keyboard traps occur when users get stuck in an element, like a modal or widget, and can’t move forward. Ensure users can exit these areas by pressing the Escape key or tabbing out.

    Tips for Better Keyboard Navigation

    Creating an accessible website doesn’t happen by accident. Here are a few tips to enhance keyboard navigation for all users:

    • Design with Focus in Mind: Use CSS to style focus outlines for clarity and visibility. Avoid removing focus outlines entirely.
    • Ensure Logical Focus Order: Use semantic HTML (e.g., <button> and <a>) and avoid custom elements that might disrupt natural focus flow.
    • Leverage ARIA Roles and Labels: Use ARIA (Accessible Rich Internet Applications) roles and labels to make custom components like sliders or dropdowns keyboard accessible.
    • Test Regularly: Accessibility is not a one-and-done task. Regular testing ensures your website stays accessible as it evolves.

    Common Challenges and How to Address Them

    Even with the best intentions, challenges may arise. Here are some common issues and solutions:

    • Invisible Focus: Use the :focus pseudo-class in CSS to style interactive elements for better visibility.
    • Complex Widgets: Components like carousels or accordions can lack keyboard support. Build these elements with accessibility in mind or use accessible libraries.
    • Poorly Labeled Links: Ensure all links and buttons have clear, descriptive text or labels so users know what action they’ll perform.

    Why Focus on Keyboard Navigation?

    Beyond accessibility, testing your website for keyboard navigation improves overall user experience and usability. Keyboard accessibility is often a foundation for ensuring compatibility with screen readers and other assistive technologies. If your website works well for a keyboard user, it’s likely on its way to meeting broader accessibility standards like WCAG 2.1.

    Next Steps: Make Your Website Keyboard-Accessible

    Keyboard navigation is more than just a best practice—it’s a cornerstone of inclusive design that invites everyone to participate fully on the web. By ensuring your site is keyboard-accessible, you create a welcoming experience for users of all abilities, reinforce your brand’s commitment to accessibility, and lay a strong foundation for broader ADA compliance.

    If you’re ready to take the next step toward digital inclusion, reach out to 216digital to schedule an ADA briefing. We’ll help you assess your website, develop a tailored plan, and guide you through the process of building an online presence that works for everyone. Don’t wait—contact us today and let’s make the internet a more accessible place together.

    Greg McNeil

    December 24, 2024
    How-to Guides, Testing & Remediation
    Accessibility testing, keyboard accessibility, Keyboard Navigation, User Experience, Web Accessibility
  • How to Test a Website for Accessibility

    Making sure your website works for everyone, including people with disabilities, isn’t just the right thing to do—it’s essential. Accessibility testing helps you find and fix issues that could make your site tough to use for people with visual, hearing, cognitive, or mobility impairments. Whether you’re a web developer, IT pro, or content creator, knowing how to test for accessibility can save you headaches—and money—later.

    In this guide, we’ll cover some simple, effective ways to check your site’s accessibility. Don’t worry; you don’t need to be an expert to get started. Let’s dive in!

    Why Website Accessibility Testing Matters

    Accessibility testing ensures your website is welcoming to everyone, regardless of their abilities. It also helps you stay in line with important standards like the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) and legal requirements like the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA).

    But it’s not just about compliance—it’s about creating a better experience for all your users. For example:

    • Clear, organized content helps screen readers and makes reading easier for everyone.
    • Good color contrast improves visibility, whether you’re in bright sunlight or a dim room.
    • Keyboard-friendly navigation benefits people who can’t use a mouse and even power users who prefer shortcuts.

    Accessibility doesn’t just check a box—it enhances your site for everyone.

    Quick Accessibility Testing Methods

    You don’t need a deep dive into the world of accessibility to start testing your website. There are three main ways to test:

    1. Automated Testing
    2. Manual Testing
    3. Assistive Technology Testing

    Each method offers unique insights. Using them together? That’s your golden ticket to a more accessible site.

    Automated Accessibility Testing

    Automated tools are perfect for a quick scan. They flag common issues like missing alt text, messy headings, or poor color contrast. Think of them as a helpful starting point, not the end-all solution.

    Here are a few tools to get you started:

    • WAVE (Web Accessibility Evaluation Tool): This browser extension highlights issues like missing alt text and improper ARIA attributes. Bonus: It’s free and super easy to use.
    • Google Lighthouse: Built right into Chrome’s DevTools, it gives your site an accessibility score and helpful feedback.
    • WebAIM’s Contrast Checker: This tool ensures your text and background colors meet WCAG’s contrast requirements.

    Pro Tip: Automated tools are great, but they’re not perfect. They might miss subtler issues or flag things that aren’t actually problems. Treat them as step one, not the whole process.

    Manual Accessibility Testing

    Sometimes, you need a human touch. Manual testing simulates real-world user experiences to catch what tools can’t.

    Try These Tests:

    • Keyboard Navigation Test:
      • Use the Tab key to move around your site. Can you access every link, button, and form?
      • Is there a visible focus indicator (like a highlight) on selected elements?
      • Does the navigation flow make sense?
      • If you can’t complete tasks like filling out a form or navigating menus, there’s work to do.
    • Color Contrast Test:
      • Use WebAIM’s Contrast Checker to make sure your text is easy to read against its background.
      • Aim for a 4.5:1 contrast ratio for normal text and 3:1 for large text (18px or larger).
    • Alt Text for Images:
      • Check your images. Does the alt text describe their content or purpose?
      • Decorative images? They should have empty alt text (e.g., alt=””).
    • Forms and Error Messages:
      • Are form labels clear?
      • Do error messages explain what went wrong and how to fix it?

    For further details on manual testing, please read our article “The Human Touch: Manual Testing for Web Accessibility.”

    Testing with Assistive Technologies

    If you want the real deal, test your site with the tools your users rely on. Screen readers like NVDA (NonVisual Desktop Access) offer invaluable insights into how accessible your site really is.

    What to Check:

    • Is the content reading in a logical order?
    • Are links clear and descriptive?
    • Does alt text accurately describe images?

    Testing with assistive tech gives you a firsthand look at your site’s usability.

    Common Accessibility Issues to Watch For

    As you test, keep an eye out for these usual suspects:

    • Missing or unhelpful alt text.
    • Low color contrast.
    • Skipped heading levels (like jumping from H2 to H4).
    • Keyboard traps where navigation gets stuck.
    • Forms without labels or clear error messages.
    • No visible focus indicators for buttons or links.

    The Limitations of Quick Tests

    Quick tests are awesome for a first pass, but they won’t catch everything. For example:

    • They might miss problems with interactive elements or dynamic content.
    • They don’t always account for users with cognitive disabilities.

    For a deeper dive, consider a professional audit. Experts can evaluate your site with advanced tools, manual reviews, and assistive tech to ensure you’re fully WCAG-compliant.

    Why Overlays Aren’t the Solution

    You might’ve seen tools promising quick fixes with overlays or widgets. Sounds tempting, right? But these “solutions” often create more problems than they solve.

    Here’s Why Overlays Fall Short:

    • They don’t address underlying code issues.
    • They can clash with screen readers and other assistive technologies.
    • They frustrate users instead of helping them.

    Real accessibility starts with your site’s design and development, not a temporary patch.

    Wrapping It Up: A Holistic Approach to Accessibility

    Testing your website for accessibility doesn’t have to be overwhelming. By starting with automated tools like WAVE or Google Lighthouse and layering in manual checks for keyboard navigation, color contrast, and assistive technology testing, you can create a more inclusive experience for all users.

    But remember, quick tests are just the beginning. Regular testing and professional audits ensure your website meets accessibility standards and provides the best possible user experience.

    If you’re ready to take your accessibility efforts to the next level, 216digital can help. Our team specializes in comprehensive accessibility solutions that go beyond surface fixes. Schedule an ADA briefing with us today by using the contact form below. Let’s work together to make your website accessible to everyone.

    Greg McNeil

    December 16, 2024
    How-to Guides, Testing & Remediation
    Accessibility, Accessibility Remediation, Accessibility testing, Web Accessibility Remediation, Website Accessibility
  • The Human Touch: Manual Testing for Web Accessibility

    Developing an accessible website goes far beyond simply checking off boxes for legal or regulatory compliance. It’s about making sure that every person, regardless of ability, can comfortably interact with and understand your online content. While automated tools are excellent for quickly spotting many accessibility problems, they can only take you so far. To catch the subtler issues—the ones that can truly affect the user experience—you need the human touch.

    This guide will walk you through the essentials of manual testing. By following these steps, you’ll ensure that your website meets the standards of the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) and provides an inclusive experience for everyone.

    Why Manual Testing is Important

    It might seem tempting to rely only on automated tools for accessibility testing. After all, these tools are fast, can scan entire sites in minutes, and give you neat reports listing potential issues. While that’s helpful, there’s an important piece of the puzzle they can’t fill in on their own.

    Studies suggest that automated tools detect only about 30% of accessibility barriers on a website. That means a whopping 70% of potential issues can go unnoticed if you don’t involve human testers. Why does this happen? Because many aspects of accessibility are about meaning, clarity, and usability—qualities that a computer program can’t fully judge.

    For example, an automated tool can tell if an image tag has “alt” text, but it can’t determine if that text accurately describes what’s in the image. A tool might confirm that you’ve included headings, but it can’t decide if those headings help users understand the structure and purpose of your page.

    Manual testing allows you to catch these subtle issues. By combining automated scans with hands-on checks, you’ll create a complete approach to accessibility. This balanced method ensures that both the technical side and the real-life user experience are taken into account, leading to a more inclusive and welcoming digital environment.

    What Is Included in a Manual Audit?

    If you’re aiming for a website that not only checks the boxes on WCAG compliance but genuinely serves people of all abilities, a manual audit is key. The process involves a series of steps, from planning your testing scope to verifying that users can interact with your site in many different ways. Below, we’ll break down some core areas to consider in your manual testing efforts.

    Developing a Testing Plan

    Think of your testing plan as your roadmap. Before you begin, decide which pages, sections, and features of your site you’ll test. Maybe you’ll start with your homepage, or perhaps you’ll focus on your online store’s product pages, since that’s where most visitors end up. Consider the parts of your site that handle important tasks, like your checkout process or contact forms. These areas often matter most to users and should be top priorities.

    Creating a well-structured plan helps you stay on track. As you test, keep good notes. Document where you find issues, what kind of barriers they create, and ideas for fixing them. This record will not only guide your repair work but also help you understand how your site’s accessibility improves over time.

    Evaluating Keyboard Navigation

    A simple yet powerful first step is to test your website using only a keyboard. Many individuals rely on a keyboard instead of a mouse because of physical or visual impairments. To do this, unplug your mouse and try navigating your site with the Tab, Shift + Tab, Enter, and arrow keys.

    As you move through links, buttons, menus, and form fields, watch for a visible highlight or outline showing which element is currently selected (often called the “focus indicator”). If your focus gets “stuck” or disappears, that’s a sign of a problem. Users who depend on keyboard navigation should be able to move through your entire site easily and understand exactly where they are at all times.

    If you find any trouble spots—like a pop-up menu that traps the focus—make note of it. Fixing these issues can make your site smoother and more intuitive for a wide range of visitors.

    Manual Testing Compatibility with Screen Readers

    Screen readers, such as NVDA, JAWS, and VoiceOver, help users with visual impairments navigate the web by reading page content aloud. To test compatibility, pick one of these tools and open your website. As you listen, ask yourself: Is the content announced in a clear, logical order? Do headings, links, and images make sense when read aloud?

    Pay special attention to images. If an image conveys important information, its alt text should describe what’s shown and why it matters. If an image is only decorative, it should have a null alt attribute, so the screen reader will skip it. Your goal is to ensure that someone who can’t see the screen can still understand what’s there and how to interact with it.

    Checking Color Contrast

    Good color contrast isn’t just about making your site look nice—it’s about ensuring that everyone can read your content comfortably. People with low vision or color blindness might struggle to read text that doesn’t stand out enough from the background.

    Use tools like WebAIM’s Contrast Checker to test your text and background color combinations. If the contrast is too low, adjust your colors until they meet the guidelines. Even a small improvement can make a big difference in how well users can read and engage with your content.

    Reviewing Captions for Multimedia Content

    Videos and audio clips add depth and interest to your site, but they also need to be accessible. Captions ensure that users who are deaf or hard of hearing can understand spoken content. If your videos have dialogue, instructions, or any important information, make sure they come with accurate captions that match the timing and meaning of the audio.

    In some cases, you might need audio descriptions for users who can’t see the visuals. If your video shows data charts, important text, or other key details, consider adding a voice-over description to explain what’s on the screen.

    Ensuring Accessible Forms

    Forms are essential parts of many websites, whether they’re for signing up for a newsletter, making a purchase, or submitting a support request. Yet forms often pose accessibility challenges when they’re not labeled or organized correctly.

    To test form accessibility, try navigating your forms using a keyboard and a screen reader. Do form fields have clear labels that the screen reader announces as you move through them? When errors occur, do the error messages explain the problem in simple terms and guide the user to fix it?

    Paying extra attention to forms can go a long way toward making your site welcoming and easy to use.

    Testing Skip Navigation Links

    Skip navigation links are small but mighty features. They let users skip over repetitive elements—such as large navigation menus—and jump straight to the main content. This is especially helpful for those who rely on a keyboard or a screen reader, as it saves them from having to tab through the same menu items over and over.

    To check for skip navigation links, start navigating your site from the top. See if there’s a “Skip to main content” link or something similar. If it’s missing, adding one can make browsing much more efficient for many users.

    Verifying Link Text

    Have you ever seen a link that just says “click here”? Without surrounding context, that’s not very helpful. People using screen readers often scan links out of their context, so vague link text can be confusing.

    Review all the links on your site and ask yourself: Does the text describe the link’s purpose? For example, “Click here for our latest report” is less helpful than “Download our latest report.” The latter tells users exactly what they’ll get if they follow that link.

    Reviewing Dynamic Content

    Modern websites often feature dynamic elements like pop-ups, slideshows, or modal windows. While these can be visually appealing and helpful, they can also cause confusion if not set up properly. For instance, a modal window might appear over the rest of the content, but if a screen reader user isn’t informed that it popped up, they might continue reading the content behind it without knowing there’s something else to consider.

    Test these features by opening them with a keyboard and listening with a screen reader. Make sure the screen reader announces the new content and that it’s easy to close the pop-up and return to the main page content. Users should feel in control of their experience at all times.

    Documenting Issues and Prioritizing Fixes

    As you work through manual testing, keep detailed notes. Write down any issues you find, along with the steps you’ll need to correct them. Consider how severe each problem is: Does it block users from completing critical tasks, or is it a minor inconvenience?

    By sorting issues into categories—such as “high priority” or “low priority”—you can tackle the most urgent problems first. This approach helps you make steady progress and ensures that you address the biggest barriers right away.

    Building a More Inclusive Website with 216digital

    Manual testing might feel like a big job, but it’s a crucial part of creating a web experience that works for everyone. By planning your testing, checking keyboard navigation, using screen readers, ensuring proper color contrast, reviewing captions, making forms accessible, adding skip links, refining link text, and handling dynamic content correctly, you’ll identify and fix the issues that really matter.

    When your website meets WCAG guidelines and is comfortable to use for people of all abilities, you strengthen your brand’s reputation and reach a wider audience. It’s not just about avoiding legal risks or ticking compliance boxes—though that’s important, too. It’s about showing that you value every visitor and believe they deserve equal access to your information, products, and services.

    If you’re looking for personalized help in making your website ADA compliant, consider reaching out to 216digital. Our experts can provide an ADA briefing and guide you through the finer points of web accessibility, ensuring that you create an inclusive, user-friendly online environment that supports everyone who visits your site.

    Greg McNeil

    December 3, 2024
    How-to Guides, Testing & Remediation
    Accessibility, Accessibility testing, manual audit, Manual Testing, WCAG
  • A Guide to Web Accessibility Evaluation Tools

    Creating a website that works for everyone isn’t just about ticking off legal checkboxes—it’s about ensuring every visitor, regardless of ability, can navigate your site with ease and enjoy their experience. Even if you’re familiar with web accessibility, it’s easy to wonder: Have I missed anything? Are there barriers I didn’t notice?

    As digital inclusion becomes increasingly vital, ensuring your website is truly accessible is essential. So, how can you confidently create a welcoming space for all? That’s where web accessibility evaluation tools come in.

    These tools simplify the process of identifying and addressing barriers, helping you build an inclusive website while enhancing the user experience. Let’s explore how they work, why they matter, and how to choose the right one for your needs.

    What Are Web Accessibility Evaluation Tools?

    Web accessibility evaluation tools are designed to analyze websites for accessibility issues. Think of these tools as the first line of defense in identifying problems that might hinder someone with visual, auditory, or cognitive impairments from fully engaging with your content.

    These tools scan your website pinpointing issues like poor color contrast, missing alt text for images, or broken keyboard navigation. Some go further, offering continuous monitoring and integration with development workflows.

    Why Are They Important?

    Using a web accessibility evaluation tool is more than a technical step—it’s a commitment to inclusivity and compliance. Here’s why they’re indispensable:

    • WCAG Compliance: Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) standards are the backbone of digital accessibility. Tools help you identify and address non-compliance to avoid legal risks.
    • User Experience: Accessibility isn’t just for people with disabilities; it improves usability for everyone. For example, captions benefit not only those who are deaf but also people in noisy environments.
    • Boost Brand Reputation: An accessible website shows your commitment to inclusion, fostering goodwill and loyalty among your audience.
    • Legal Protection: With lawsuits over inaccessible websites on the rise, staying compliant minimizes legal vulnerabilities.

    Benefits of Using Web Accessibility Evaluation Tools

    • Efficient Issue Detection: Automated tools can scan your website in minutes, identifying accessibility barriers that might take hours to find manually.
    • Enhancing the User Journey: Accessibility issues often overlap with usability problems. Fixing these barriers creates a smoother and more enjoyable experience for all visitors.
    • Avoiding Legal Issues: Addressing accessibility gaps proactively reduces the likelihood of being targeted by lawsuits related to digital accessibility.
    • Cost-Effective Improvements: Automated tools are an affordable starting point for businesses that need to improve their websites without a major investment.
    • Sustained Accessibility: Continuous monitoring ensures your website remains accessible even as you update or expand its content.

    How to Choose the Right Accessibility Evaluation Tool

    When selecting a tool, start by asking these questions:

    • What’s my budget?
    • Do I need ongoing monitoring or a one-time scan?
    • How user-friendly does the tool need to be for my team?

    For small businesses, look for tools with simple interfaces and strong customer support. Larger organizations may need advanced features like integrations and robust reporting.One tool worth considering is Accessibility Radar (a11y.Radar), which provides real-time monitoring, actionable insights, and scalable solutions for businesses of all sizes.

    What to Look for in Web Accessibility Evaluation Tools

    Not all tools are created equal. To get the most out of a web accessibility evaluation tool, focus on these features:

    • Automated Scanning: Quickly detect common issues like missing ARIA labels or unstructured content to get a big-picture view of potential accessibility gaps.
    • Real-Time Monitoring: For frequently updated websites, real-time monitoring ensures new issues are caught as they appear. Tools like a11y.Radar  excel at providing continuous oversight.
    • Integration Options: Choose tools that integrate seamlessly with your existing systems, such as your CMS, analytics platforms, or development tools.
    • Actionable Reporting: Look for tools that provide clear, prioritized reports so your team knows where to focus their efforts.
    • Customizability: Tailor the tool to address your site’s unique needs and align with relevant accessibility standards.

    a11y.Radar ADA Monitoring 

    a11y.Radar is an automated recurring ADA web compliance auditing platform. Through our work in the trenches of the ADA web remediation space, we were able to reverse-engineer the process in which many of the prolific ADA non-compliance lawsuit firms identify their targets. We realized that the vast majority of cases are filed solely based on the results of automated scanning tools, so we developed Accessibility Radar as a hands-off method of keeping you out of their crosshairs.

    How Does a11y.Radar ADA Monitoring Work?  

    a11y.Radar ADA monitoring service reports on your ongoing accessibility efforts, whether conducted by your internal digital teams or an outside web agency. Access enhanced dashboards and receive updates to content, code, and user experience that could pose potential blocks to users or threaten your accessibility standards. In addition, our seamless interface allows your team members to view current issues and manage pending adjustments.

    Limitations of Automated Tools

    It’s important to acknowledge that even the best web accessibility evaluation tool can’t catch everything. Automated tools are great for spotting obvious issues, but they might miss nuances that only a human can detect. For example, determining whether alt text appropriately describes an image often requires human judgment.

    To bridge these gaps, combine automated tools with manual testing. This hands-on approach helps identify issues that software alone can’t catch. This means involving people—preferably those with disabilities or experts in web accessibility—in testing your website. Manual testing can uncover issues related to usability and user experience that automated tools might overlook.

    Practical Tips for Using Accessibility Tools

    • Start with an Automated Scan: Identify low-hanging fruit like fixing color contrast or adding alt text to images.
    • Prioritize Fixes: Focus on the most significant barriers affecting users, such as navigation or text readability.
    • Educate Your Team: Make sure your developers and content creators understand the tool’s insights and how to implement changes effectively.
    • Schedule Regular Checks: Accessibility is an ongoing process, not a one-time task. Use tools to monitor your site periodically.

    Make Accessibility a Priority

    Digital accessibility isn’t just a legal consideration—it’s a business advantage. By using web accessibility evaluation tools like a11y.Radar, you can identify barriers, enhance user experience, and demonstrate your commitment to inclusivity.

    Ready to take the next step toward a more accessible website? Schedule an ADA briefing with 216digital to learn how a11y.Radar can provide real-time monitoring and actionable insights tailored to your needs. Together, we’ll help you build an inclusive, user-friendly website that welcomes everyone.

    By investing in accessibility, you’re investing in your audience and building a stronger, more inclusive brand. Don’t wait—reach out to 216digital today and make your website a space where everyone feels welcome.

    Greg McNeil

    November 25, 2024
    Testing & Remediation, Web Accessibility Monitoring
    Accessibility, Accessibility monitoring, Accessibility testing, evaluation tools, Website Accessibility, Website Accessibility Tools
  • Using NVDA to Test Web Accessibility

    Making your website accessible isn’t just a checkbox to tick—it’s about creating a space where everyone feels welcome. Imagine trying to browse a site only to hit wall after wall because it wasn’t designed with all users in mind—that’s the reality for millions of people with disabilities. One of the most effective ways to understand and improve your site’s accessibility is by testing it with tools like NVDA (NonVisual Desktop Access). NVDA is a free, open-source screen reader for Windows that provides audio feedback, enabling users who are blind or visually impaired to explore and interact with digital content.

    If you’re a developer or designer aiming to make your website user-friendly for everyone, testing with NVDA can be a real eye-opener. This guide will walk you through everything you need to get started—from setting up NVDA to identifying common accessibility barriers. We’ll also compare NVDA with other screen readers and share tips on integrating accessibility checks into your workflow.

    Why Testing with a Screen Reader Matters

    Testing with a screen reader is crucial for building websites that everyone can use and enjoy. Did you know that over 8 million people in the United States have a visual disability? Worldwide, an estimated 2.2 billion people are affected by some form of visual impairment. That’s a considerable number of users who rely on screen readers like NVDA to navigate the web. Yet, despite this need, studies show that 95.9% of the world’s top million homepages still have detectable accessibility issues, many of which directly impact screen reader users.

    Common Accessibility Barriers

    While standards like the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) exist to help ensure content is accessible, there’s still a gap between ticking the compliance boxes and actual usability. Some common accessibility barriers impacting screen reader users include:

    • Missing or Incorrect Alt Text: Without alt text, images lack context, making it hard for users to understand what’s on the page.
    • Improper Heading Structure: Jumping from an H1 to an H3 heading (and skipping H2) can make navigating a page disorienting.
    • Inadequate Link Descriptions: Using link text like “Click here” doesn’t tell users where the link will take them.
    • Lack of Keyboard Navigation: If elements aren’t reachable by the keyboard, users may not be able to navigate away from certain sections.

    By testing your site with a screen reader like NVDA, you can spot and fix these barriers directly, ensuring your content is genuinely usable—not just technically accessible. This step is vital for engaging a wide audience, including customers who rely on screen readers for equal access. 

    Plus, by prioritizing screen reader accessibility, you’re not just meeting legal requirements; you’re showing that your brand values inclusivity, which can resonate with customers and build loyalty.

    Getting Started with NVDA

    Ready to dive in? First, you’ll need to install NVDA on a Windows computer. Just head over to its official website and follow the straightforward instructions. Once it’s installed, take a few minutes to explore the settings. NVDA lets you adjust things like speed, voice pitch, and how much information it reads out loud. Tweaking these settings can make your screen reader testing smoother and help you catch all the essential details without getting distracted.

    Understanding the Basics of NVDA

    At first glance, NVDA might seem a bit overwhelming, but don’t worry—once you get the hang of a few essential controls, you’ll be navigating like a pro. The main control is the Insert key, which you use along with other keys to execute commands. For example, pressing Insert + Spacebar toggles between browse and focus modes, showing how users move between different sections and interact with elements on your site.

    Key Shortcuts to Know

    • Tab: Move through interactive elements like buttons and links.
    • Shift + Tab: Go back through items, helping you check the flow of navigation.
    • H: Navigate through headings in sequence (Shift + H moves backward), which is crucial for accessibility.
    • K for links or G for graphics: Jump to specific content, helping you quickly assess if important items are accessible.

    Testing for Accessibility Barriers with NVDA

    Once you’re comfortable with NVDA, it’s time to put your website to the test. The goal is to see how easy (or difficult) it is for a screen reader user to find and understand information on your site.

    Check Your Navigation Structure

    Screen reader users rely heavily on clear navigation. Headings should be marked in a logical order, and the Tab key should move through items sensibly. As you use NVDA, please pay close attention to how it announces headings, links, and interactive elements. For instance, links labeled “Read More” can be confusing, while “Learn More About Our Services” is much more straightforward. Descriptive link text is vital to helping screen reader users navigate confidently.

    Confirm Image Descriptions

    Proper alt text is a must for images. Use the G key to move through images and listen to the descriptions NVDA reads aloud. The alt text doesn’t need to be lengthy—just informative enough to give users an idea of the image’s purpose.

    For additional information about alt text, read our article “Understanding Image Alt Text Descriptions.”

    Test Interactive Elements Like Forms

    Forms can be tricky for screen reader users if they’re not labeled well. As you move through form fields, listen to the labels NVDA reads. Each field should have a clear label, and error messages should be accessible, too. Testing with NVDA can reveal unlabeled fields or hidden error messages that might make filling out forms difficult.

    Common Accessibility Barriers to Watch For

    Using NVDA can help you spot common barriers that affect accessibility:

    • Keyboard Traps: These occur when users get stuck in one part of the page. Use the Tab and Shift + Tab keys to move around; if you find yourself stuck, it’s likely a keyboard trap.
    • Focus Indicators: Screen reader users (and keyboard users in general) need a visible marker to show where they are on the page. Test this by tabbing through your site to see if each interactive element has a clear indicator.
    • Content Flow: Listen to your site in linear order, from top to bottom. Does it make sense as you go? Unclear structure or skipped headings can confuse users trying to navigate the content in a meaningful order.

    Documenting What You Find

    As you test, it’s helpful to document any issues you come across. Be specific: note where each issue happens, what the problem is, and why it’s an accessibility issue. For example, if a button lacks a label, describe which button it is, where it’s located, and how this impacts screen reader users. Including step-by-step details on how you tested (like key sequences or what NVDA readout) can also help your team quickly recreate and fix the issue.

    Trying Out Other Screen Readers

    While NVDA is a fantastic tool, remember that users rely on different screen readers like JAWS or VoiceOver on Apple devices. Testing with more than one screen reader can uncover accessibility issues that one tool might miss. NVDA is particularly good with dynamic content and ARIA (Accessible Rich Internet Applications) attributes. So, if you can, try testing with multiple screen readers to get a fuller picture of your site’s accessibility.

    Making Accessibility Part of Your Process

    Accessibility testing with NVDA shouldn’t be a one-time thing—it works best when it’s part of your development process from the start. By catching issues early, you’ll avoid significant fixes later and create a better experience for everyone. During design, consider accessibility-friendly patterns like high-contrast colors and adjustable font sizes. During development, use NVDA to test as you go and do a final check once your site is live.

    And if possible, getting feedback from users with disabilities can be incredibly valuable. While NVDA can help you simulate a screen reader experience, real users bring real-world insights that can highlight usability issues you might not think of.

    Wrapping Up

    Using NVDA to test your website’s accessibility is a powerful step toward creating a more inclusive online experience, but there’s so much more to accessibility than just technical adjustments—it’s about making your site welcoming to everyone, including customers who rely on assistive technology. 

    To help you navigate the broader world of ADA compliance and web accessibility, consider scheduling a briefing with 216digital. Our team can walk you through key accessibility requirements, share insights into your site’s current compliance level, and guide you on building a sustainable, accessible web presence. Let’s work together to make your website an inclusive, welcoming space for all users. Schedule your ADA briefing with 216digital today, and take the next step toward true digital accessibility.

    Kayla Laganiere

    November 5, 2024
    How-to Guides
    Accessibility, Accessibility testing, ADA Compliance, NVDA, web developers, Website Accessibility
  • Is Your Website ADA-Compliant?

    Ever wonder if your website is truly welcoming to all visitors? It’s easy to think, “My site looks great. It works smoothly—why worry?” But here’s the catch: a good-looking, functional site isn’t always an accessible one. And if your website isn’t ADA compliant, you could be unintentionally shutting the door on a massive group of potential visitors and customers—people with disabilities.

    Let’s put it this way: imagine if a brick-and-mortar store had narrow, cluttered aisles or no ramps. Customers with mobility challenges would struggle to get in or move around. Now, think of your website as that store. If it isn’t built with accessibility in mind, visitors with disabilities may find it impossible to navigate, use, or even understand what you’re offering.

    So, is your website ADA-compliant? If you’re not sure or have never checked, this guide is for you. We’ll break down what ADA compliance means, why it matters, the standards to follow, and how you can ensure your site is welcoming to all. Ready to see if your online space meets the mark? Let’s dive in.

    Why ADA Compliance Matters

    Making sure your website is ADA-compliant isn’t just a box to check off—it’s a vital part of running a business that’s inclusive and future-proof. An accessible website means everyone, regardless of ability, can navigate, engage with, and enjoy your content. This approach not only helps build trust and loyalty but can also increase your audience and improve user satisfaction. And let’s not forget, it comes with important legal and business benefits.

    Legal Implications

    The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) requires that businesses—including their websites—be accessible to everyone. If your site isn’t ADA-compliant, you could be in for a rough ride. The number of ADA-related lawsuits has been rising fast. In 2023, for instance, over 4,500 web accessibility lawsuits were filed in the U.S., which was a 15% increase from the year before, according to UsableNet.

    Courts have been clear that digital spaces are covered by the ADA, even though it was created before the internet as we know it existed. And it’s not just big businesses being targeted—small and medium-sized businesses have also found themselves in legal hot water over inaccessible sites. Legal fees, settlements, and potential damage to your reputation can add up quickly, costing far more than making your website compliant in the first place. By focusing on accessibility, you’re not just protecting your business; you’re showing that inclusivity is a priority.

    Expanding Your Audience

    Making your site ADA-compliant isn’t just about sidestepping legal issues—it’s also about reaching more people.  The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that over 1 billion people globally live with some form of disability. In the U.S., the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) says that 26% of adults have some kind of disability. This includes a wide range of challenges, from visual and hearing impairments to mobility and cognitive issues.

    Think about it: if your website is easier to use for people with disabilities, you’re opening your doors to a vast number of potential customers who might have otherwise struggled with your site. In fact, a study in the U.K. found that 71% of users with disabilities will leave a site that’s hard to use, and 82% of them are willing to spend more on a site that’s accessible. That’s a lot of potential revenue and customer loyalty that can be yours just by making your site more inclusive.

    Understanding Web Accessibility Standards

    To create an accessible website, it’s essential to understand key standards, particularly the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG). These guidelines, developed by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), provide a roadmap for making web content more accessible to people with disabilities.

    Key Principles of WCAG

    The WCAG outlines four fundamental principles, often remembered by the acronym POUR:

    1. Perceivable: Information must be presented in ways that users can perceive. This means providing text alternatives for images, using captions for videos, and ensuring sufficient contrast between text and background colors.
    2. Operable: Users should be able to navigate the site using various methods. This includes keyboard navigation and the ability to pause or stop animations.
    3. Understandable: Content and navigation must be easy to understand. This includes using clear language, consistent navigation, and proper labeling of forms.
    4. Robust: Content should be compatible with various technologies, including assistive technologies like screen readers. This means writing clean, semantic HTML.

    By adhering to these principles, you’ll be well on your way to creating a more accessible website.

    Common Barriers to Web Accessibility

    Even with the best intentions, many websites still have barriers that prevent people with disabilities from accessing their content. Here are a few common issues:

    Images Without Alt Text

    Images can be a significant barrier if they don’t have descriptive alt text. Alt text is essential for users who rely on screen readers, as it provides context about the image.

    Poor Color Contrast

    If the contrast between your text and background is too low, it can be challenging for individuals with visual impairments to read your content. Aim for a contrast ratio of at least 4.5:1 for normal text.

    Inaccessible Forms

    Forms are often problematic. If they lack labels or instructions, users with disabilities may find it challenging to fill them out. Always ensure that forms are correctly labeled and provide clear instructions.

    Lack of Keyboard Navigation

    Many users with disabilities rely on keyboard navigation rather than a mouse. If your website doesn’t support this, it can create significant barriers.

    Testing Your Website for Accessibility

    Now that you understand the importance of ADA compliance and common barriers, how do you ensure your website is accessible? Here are some methods for testing your site:

    Manual Checks

    Begin with manual checks of your website. Go through your site using only the keyboard. Can you navigate easily? Test your forms to see if they’re usable without a mouse. This basic level of testing can reveal a lot about your site’s accessibility.

    Automated Tools

    Automated accessibility testing tools can help identify many common issues quickly. Here are a few popular options:

    • WAVE: This browser extension evaluates accessibility and highlights issues on your page.
    • Lighthouse: Built into Chrome’s developer tools, Lighthouse provides audits of various web aspects, including accessibility.

    While these tools are helpful, they don’t catch everything. They should be used in conjunction with manual checks to ensure a truly ADA-compliant website.

    User Testing with Assistive Technologies

    The best way to understand how ADA-compliant your site truly is is to test it with real users who have disabilities.

    • Screen Readers: Ask users to navigate your site using popular screen readers like JAWS or NVDA.
    • Keyboard Navigation: Observe how users interact with your site using only a keyboard.

    Getting feedback from users with disabilities will give you insights that automated tools might miss.

    Practical Steps to Improve Accessibility

    Once you’ve identified accessibility issues on your site, what should you do next? Here are some practical steps you can take:

    • Start with an Accessibility Audit: Before making any changes, conduct a comprehensive audit of your website. Use both automated tools and manual checks to identify barriers.
    • Prioritize Quick Wins: Addressing some accessibility issues can take time, but there are many “quick wins” you can tackle right away.
    • Implement Staff Training and Awareness: Accessibility is not just a one-person job. Ensure your content creators, developers, and designers are trained on best practices for maintaining and improving web accessibility.
    • Monitor Accessibility Consistently: Regular audits are essential, but ongoing monitoring ensures that new updates don’t introduce issues. Services like 216digital’s a11y.Radar can help by continuously checking for compliance and alerting you to new challenges.

    Conclusion

    Making sure your website is ADA-compliant is more than just checking a legal box—it’s about creating a space where everyone feels welcome. Prioritizing accessibility can open your business to a wider audience, boost user satisfaction, and even shield you from potential legal issues. But let’s be honest: navigating the ins and outs of accessibility can feel overwhelming.

    That’s where we come in. At 216digital, we’re here to make it simple. Schedule an ADA briefing with us to find out if your website is at risk and how we can help make it more inclusive. Don’t wait until there’s a problem; get ahead of it and show your commitment to accessibility today. Your future customers (and your peace of mind) will thank you!

    Greg McNeil

    October 30, 2024
    Legal Compliance
    Accessibility testing, ADA Compliance, ADA Lawsuit, WCAG, Web Accessibility
  • A Case for Starting Accessibility Early in Development

    When you’re kicking off a new web project, it’s easy to focus on exciting features and visual design. But here’s something that often gets pushed aside until it’s almost too late: accessibility. The truth? Accessibility isn’t just a box to check off at the end of development; it’s a fundamental part of creating an inclusive, user-friendly experience from day one. To truly succeed, you need to start accessibility early.

    Think about it: no one wants to realize their new website or app needs major tweaks just to be usable for everyone. Starting accessibility early not only benefits people with disabilities but boosts usability for all your users, saves you money, and keeps you in line with standards like Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG). And who doesn’t want to avoid headaches later on?

    Let’s break down why embedding accessibility into your project from the very beginning is worth every bit of effort—and how to make it happen smoothly.

    Why Start Accessibility Planning from the Beginning?

    Making accessibility a priority from day one can feel like a big commitment, but here’s what you gain by choosing to start accessibility early:

    Avoid Costly Retrofits

    Fixing accessibility issues at the end of a project can mean reworking significant parts of your site—an expensive and time-consuming ordeal. Imagine designing your site, launching it, and then realizing it doesn’t meet accessibility standards. Adding features like keyboard navigation or fixing color contrast at that point can mean redoing large chunks of your design. Planning for these details early on keeps everything smoother (and kinder on your budget).

    Enhance User Experience for All

    When you start accessibility early, you set the stage for a user experience that is friendly and inclusive for everyone. Accessibility isn’t just for those with disabilities—it’s for everyone. Features like clear navigation, easy-to-read text, and well-labeled elements make browsing better for all users. Designing with accessibility in mind from the start ensures these benefits are baked in, rather than added later.

    Stay Compliant and Avoid Legal Issues

    Starting with WCAG standards and other accessibility guidelines from the get-go helps you avoid legal hiccups. These guidelines form the backbone of inclusive web design and ensure you’re in line with regulations like the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). Following these rules early on makes compliance one less thing to worry about.

    How to Integrate Accessibility into Each Stage of Development

    Accessibility can be woven into every phase of your project with just a bit of planning. Here are some actionable steps for developers and designers:

    Design with Accessibility in Mind

    From the beginning, designers play a critical role in accessibility by setting the structure and visual flow of a project. Here are a few accessibility best practices to incorporate during the design phase:

    Color Contrast and Readability

    Make sure your text is easy to read against its background. According to WCAG guidelines, regular text should have at least a 4.5:1 contrast ratio, while larger text should have a 3:1 contrast ratio. Testing tools like WebAIM’s Color Contrast Checker make this quick and easy to verify.

    Intuitive Layout and Navigation

    A clear, intuitive layout ensures all users can navigate your site. Place navigation elements consistently, keep forms simple, and use ample white space to make content easier to digest. These are just a few examples of how to start accessibility early in your design strategy.

    Descriptive Text for Buttons and Links

    Buttons and links should have descriptive text that tells the user exactly what will happen when they click. Instead of a vague “click here,” label it with “Learn More About Accessibility,” for example. Clear labels improve navigation for users and assistive technologies alike.

    Use the Right HTML Tags

    Developers can make a huge impact when they start accessibility early by using semantic HTML. Semantic HTML tags—like <header>, <main>, <nav>, and <footer>—convey the structure of your webpage to screen readers and other assistive devices, helping users navigate more effectively.

    Proper HTML Markup

    Use headings (<h1>, <h2>, etc.) in a logical order, and never skip heading levels. This creates a clear hierarchy for users relying on screen readers and assists everyone in navigating your content.

    Descriptive Alt Text for Images

    Screen readers rely on alternative text (alt text) to describe images to visually impaired users. Ensure every image with meaningful content has a description that conveys what’s in the image or its purpose. If the image is purely decorative, use an empty alt attribute (e.g., alt=" ") to signal to screen readers that it can be ignored.

    ARIA Attributes

    Accessible Rich Internet Applications (ARIA) roles and attributes provide additional context where HTML alone may fall short. For example, you can use aria-label to describe the function of a button or aria-live to notify screen readers of real-time changes, like alerts.

    Test for Accessibility as You Go

    Testing for accessibility throughout development lets you catch issues early before they become a headache to fix. Here’s how to implement regular accessibility checks:

    Automated Accessibility Tools

    Automated testing tools like Lighthouse and WAVE can detect many common accessibility issues, such as missing alt text or incorrect heading levels. However, keep in mind that while these tools are valuable, they’re not a complete solution.

    Manual Testing and Keyboard Navigation

    Not all accessibility features can be evaluated by automated tools, so manual testing is essential. Many users with disabilities rely on keyboards instead of a mouse, so test your site using keyboard navigation alone. Make sure users can access all interactive elements (like links, forms, and buttons) and follow a logical tab order.

    Screen Reader Testing

    Use screen readers like NVDA (for Windows) or VoiceOver (for Mac) to simulate how users with visual impairments experience your site. This will help you catch any missing descriptions, confusing elements, or awkward navigation.

    Get Feedback from Users with Disabilities

    Involving people with disabilities in testing phases offers invaluable insights. Real users bring unique perspectives that automated tools or simulated testing just can’t replicate.

    Plan for Inclusive Testing

    Recruit a diverse group of testers who use different assistive technologies, including screen readers, magnification software, and voice control. Their feedback can reveal practical challenges and usability issues you might not anticipate.

    Iterate Based on Feedback

    Make adjustments based on real-world experience and retest if needed. Accessibility is an ongoing process, and user feedback will help you understand where improvements are necessary.

    Regularly Check Your Site

    Keeping your site accessible isn’t a one-and-done task—it’s an ongoing process. Regular audits help ensure that your site or app stays up to date with accessibility standards as you make changes or add new features. These check-ups can catch any issues that might have been overlooked during development, or that pop up over time. But audits alone don’t cover everything; that’s where regular monitoring comes in.

    Services like a11y.Radar makes a big difference by providing continuous monitoring to help keep your website accessible. With automated checks and detailed reports, a11y.Radar alerts you to potential issues early on so you can fix them before they turn into bigger problems. Plus, it helps you stay aligned with current WCAG guidelines, which are always evolving.

    Combining regular audits with a monitoring service like a11y.Radar keeps your site running smoothly and ensures a user-friendly experience for everyone.

    Building a Culture of Accessibility

    Making accessibility a foundational part of your development culture is key to sustaining these practices long term. Here are some ideas to foster an accessibility-first mindset in your team:

    Educate and Train Your Team

    Provide training on accessibility guidelines and tools for all team members, from designers and developers to project managers and content creators. Workshops, webinars, and resources on WCAG standards and inclusive design can help create a shared understanding of accessibility’s importance.

    Keep Accessibility Resources Available

    Ensure your team has access to accessibility checklists, WCAG guidelines, and tool recommendations. Having these resources easily accessible means team members can refer to them at any stage of development.

    Regularly Review and Share Accessibility Wins

    Celebrate small successes, such as completing accessibility testing on a new feature or receiving positive feedback from an accessibility audit. Recognizing and sharing progress reinforces the importance of this work and motivates your team to continue prioritizing accessibility.

    Helpful Tools for Accessibility

    There are a variety of helpful tools for accessibility checks and improvements. Here are a few top options:

    • WebAIM’s Color Contrast Checker: Verifies that contrast meets WCAG standards for readability.
    • Lighthouse and WAVE: An open-source accessibility tool that runs quick checks on your web pages for WCAG compliance.
    • Screen Readers: Test with NVDA (Windows), VoiceOver (Mac), and TalkBack (Android) to experience your site from the perspective of visually impaired users.
    • ARIA Authoring Practices Guide: This guide provides information on implementing ARIA roles and attributes to enhance assistive technology compatibility.

    Ready to Make Accessibility Part of Your Game Plan?

    So, there you have it—starting accessibility early isn’t just a nice-to-have; it’s a win-win for everyone involved. By weaving accessibility into your project from day one, you’re not only sidestepping costly revisions but also crafting a better experience for all your users. Plus, you’re keeping things legally sound, which is always a good move.

    But we get it—navigating the world of WCAG guidelines and accessibility best practices can feel a bit like decoding a secret language. If you’re ready to start accessibility early in your web development process without complicating your project, let’s talk. Schedule an ADA briefing with us at 216digital, and we’ll guide you through your journey in plain English (no tech jargon). Let’s work together to make the digital world a more inclusive place—one accessible website at a time.

    Greg McNeil

    October 28, 2024
    Legal Compliance, The Benefits of Web Accessibility
    Accessibility, Accessibility testing, ADA Compliance, UX, web development
  • User Testing: A Crucial Step Towards Web Accessibility

    User Testing: A Crucial Step Towards Web Accessibility

    When you think about your website, what comes to mind? Maybe it’s the design, the layout, or the content. But how often do you think about how accessible your website is to everyone, including people with disabilities? Web accessibility is not just a nice-to-have; it’s a must-have. This is where user testing comes into play. Let’s dive into what website user testing is, how it benefits web accessibility, and why it should be an essential part of your web development process.

    What is Website User Testing?

    Website user testing is like putting your website under a microscope to see how well it performs for real users. It involves having actual people—who could be potential users of your site—interact with your website to see how easy it is to navigate, how intuitive the design is, and how well it meets their needs. But it’s not just about looking good or being easy to use; it’s also about making sure everyone can access and use your site, no matter their abilities.

    Think of it this way: You wouldn’t launch a product without testing it first, right? The same goes for your website. User testing helps you catch any issues or barriers that might prevent users from having a smooth and enjoyable experience on your site. It’s vital for web accessibility because it ensures that your website is usable for people with disabilities, which is crucial for web compliance.

    How is User Testing Beneficial for Web Accessibility?

    Now that we know what user testing is let’s talk about how it benefits web accessibility. Web accessibility is all about making sure that people with disabilities can use your website just as easily as anyone else. This includes people who are blind or have low vision, those who are deaf or hard of hearing, people with mobility impairments, and others.

    Identifying Accessibility Barriers

    One of the biggest benefits of user testing for web accessibility is that it helps you identify barriers that might prevent people with disabilities from using your site. For example, during testing, you might discover that your website’s navigation is difficult to use with a screen reader, or that your color scheme doesn’t provide enough contrast for people with low vision. These are things that might not be obvious if you’re not using assistive technologies yourself, but they can make a huge difference for someone who is.

    Improving User Experience for All

    Another benefit of user testing for web accessibility is that it can actually improve the user experience for everyone, not just people with disabilities. For example, adding alt text to images is crucial for people who use screen readers, but it’s also helpful for users who have slow internet connections and can’t load images. Similarly, making sure your site is keyboard navigable isn’t just important for people with mobility impairments—it can also make your site easier to use for anyone who prefers keyboard shortcuts.

    Ensuring Legal Compliance

    In the United States, web accessibility isn’t just a best practice—it’s also a legal requirement under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). Failing to make your website accessible can lead to legal challenges and fines. By incorporating user testing into your web development process, you can ensure that your site meets the necessary accessibility standards and is compliant with the law.

    Accommodating a Range of Assistive Technologies

    When we talk about web accessibility, it’s important to remember that people with disabilities use a variety of assistive technologies to navigate the web. These technologies include screen readers, voice recognition software, alternative input devices, and more. To ensure your website is accessible to everyone, you need to make sure it works well with these tools.

    Screen Readers

    Screen readers are software programs that read the text on a screen out loud, allowing people who are blind or have low vision to access content. During user testing, it’s important to check that your website is compatible with popular screen readers like JAWS or NVDA. This includes making sure that all images have descriptive alt text, that form fields are properly labeled, and that the site is navigable using keyboard commands.

    Voice Recognition Software

    Voice recognition software allows people to control their computer and enter text using their voice. This can be especially helpful for people with mobility impairments. To accommodate these users, your website should have clear and simple navigation that can be easily controlled by voice commands. During testing, make sure to check that your site’s forms and menus can be accessed using voice commands.

    Alternative Input Devices

    Some people use alternative input devices, such as switch systems or eye-tracking technology, to navigate the web. These devices allow users to control their computers in non-traditional ways, such as by pressing a switch or moving their eyes. To make your site accessible to these users, it’s important to ensure that all interactive elements, such as buttons and links, are easy to access and operate.

    Accommodating these and other assistive technologies is a crucial part of web accessibility, and user testing is the best way to make sure your site is up to the task.

    What is the User Testing Process?

    So, how do you actually go about user testing your website for accessibility? Here’s a simple, step-by-step process that you can follow:

    Planning

    Start by defining your goals for the user testing process. What do you want to learn? Are you testing a new feature, or are you trying to identify accessibility barriers? Decide which users you want to include in the testing process. It’s important to include people with a variety of disabilities, as well as people who use different assistive technologies.

    Recruiting Testers

    Once you’ve defined your goals, it’s time to recruit testers. Look for people who represent your target audience, including people with disabilities. You can reach out to organizations that work with people with disabilities, or you can use online platforms that connect you with testers.

    Conducting the Tests

    During the testing process, have your testers complete specific tasks on your website. For example, you might ask them to navigate to a particular page, fill out a form, or find specific information. Make sure to observe how they interact with your site and ask for feedback on their experience. It’s also important to test your site with a variety of devices and browsers, as accessibility issues can vary depending on the platform.

    Analyzing the Results

    After the tests are complete, analyze the results to identify any accessibility barriers or usability issues. Look for patterns in the feedback and prioritize the issues that are most critical to address.

    Making Improvements

    Based on the results of the testing, make the necessary improvements to your website. This might include adding alt text to images, adjusting the color contrast, or making your forms more accessible. Once you’ve made these changes, it’s a good idea to conduct another round of testing to make sure the issues have been resolved.

    Ongoing Testing

    Web accessibility is not a one-time effort—it’s an ongoing process. As you add new features or content to your site, continue to conduct user testing to ensure that your site remains accessible to everyone.

    Best Practices for Web Accessibility Testing

    To get the most out of your user testing efforts, here are some best practices to keep in mind:

    1. Include Diverse Testers: The more diverse your group of testers, the more comprehensive your accessibility testing will be. This includes people with a variety of disabilities and those who use different assistive technologies.
    2. Test Early and Often: Don’t wait until your website is finished to start testing. Incorporate user testing throughout the development process to catch accessibility issues early.
    3. Use Realistic Scenarios: When conducting user tests, create realistic scenarios that your users might encounter on your site. This will give you a better sense of how your site performs in real-world situations.
    4. Document Everything: Keep detailed notes on the testing process, including the issues that were identified and the changes that were made. This will help you track your progress and ensure that accessibility remains a priority.
    5. Stay Up-to-Date: Web accessibility standards and technologies are constantly evolving. Stay informed about the latest developments and update your testing process accordingly.

    Conclusion

    User testing is a critical part of creating a website that is accessible to everyone. By incorporating accessibility testing into your web development process, you can ensure that your site meets the needs of all users, including those with disabilities. Not only does this improve the user experience, but it also helps you stay compliant with legal requirements and build a more inclusive online presence.

    Remember, web accessibility is an ongoing journey, not a one-time task. Make it a priority to continuously apply best practices and conduct regular user testing. For personalized guidance on achieving web accessibility compliance, schedule a complimentary ADA strategy briefing with 216digital today. Let’s ensure your website is welcoming and usable for everyone.

    Greg McNeil

    August 19, 2024
    Testing & Remediation
    Accessibility testing, digital accessibility, user testing, Web Accessibility, Website Accessibility
  • Choosing the Right Accessibility Audit for Your Goals

    Choosing the Right Accessibility Audit for Your Goals

    Ensuring your website is accessible to everyone, regardless of their abilities, is a legal obligation and a crucial aspect of good business practice. Digital accessibility is about creating an inclusive web experience, allowing everyone to navigate, interact, and engage with your online content without barriers. A vital component of this effort is accessibility testing, which identifies and helps rectify issues that could prevent users with disabilities from accessing your site. But with so many accessibility audits available, how do you choose the right one for your goals? 

    This post will explore different accessibility testing methods, their benefits, and how you can select the best approach to meet your needs.

    What is Accessibility Testing?

    Accessibility testing evaluates a website or digital product to ensure people of all abilities can use it. This includes users with visual, auditory, physical, speech, cognitive, or neurological disabilities. The goal is to identify any barriers that might prevent these users from fully interacting with your site, whether that’s difficulty reading text, navigating menus, or accessing multimedia content.

    Accessibility testing typically involves checking against established guidelines, such as the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG), which provide a comprehensive framework for creating accessible web content. Testing can be done using various methods, from automated tools to manual assessments by accessibility experts.

    Why Your Website Needs Accessibility Testing

    Web accessibility is not just a matter of ethics—it’s a legal requirement in many regions, including the United States, where the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) mandates that websites be accessible to people with disabilities. Failing to meet these requirements can result in costly lawsuits, damage to your brand’s reputation, and loss of potential customers.

    Beyond legal compliance, accessibility testing is essential for ensuring a positive user experience for all visitors. An accessible website can increase your audience reach, improve customer satisfaction, and boost your SEO efforts, as search engines like Google favor easy-to-navigate and understand sites.

    Overview of Different Accessibility Testing Methods

    Several methods of accessibility testing exist, each with strengths and limitations. Understanding these methods will help you choose the right approach for your goals.

    Automated Testing

    Automated accessibility testing uses software tools to scan your website for accessibility issues. These tools can quickly identify common problems, such as missing alt text, improper heading structures, or color contrast issues.

    Pros: Automated testing is fast, cost-effective, and can cover large portions of your site in a short amount of time. It’s an excellent first step in identifying apparent issues.

    Cons: While automated tools can catch many issues, they only cover 30-40% of accessibility guidelines. They can miss more subtle or complex problems that require human judgment.

    Manual Testing

    Manual testing involves human testers evaluating your website’s accessibility by simulating users’ experience with disabilities. This might include using screen readers, navigating with a keyboard, or testing for cognitive load.

    Pros: Manual testing is thorough and can identify issues that automated tools miss, such as keyboard navigation problems, improper use of ARIA (Accessible Rich Internet Applications), or issues with interactive elements like forms and buttons.

    Cons: Manual testing is time-consuming and more expensive than automated testing. Expertise and experience are required to assess a site’s accessibility accurately.

    Hybrid Testing

    Hybrid testing combines automated and manual approaches to determine your site’s accessibility comprehensively. Automated tools are used to quickly identify issues, while manual testing addresses more complex problems.

    Pros: Hybrid testing offers the best of both worlds—speed and thoroughness. It ensures that no stone is left unturned in your accessibility audit.

    Cons: While more comprehensive, hybrid testing can be more costly and time-consuming than automated tools alone.

    Choosing the Right Accessibility Audit for Your Goals

    When selecting an accessibility audit, consider your specific goals, resources, and the complexity of your website. Here are a few scenarios to help guide your decision:

    • Initial Compliance Check: If you’re new to accessibility and looking for a quick overview of your site’s compliance with basic guidelines, an automated audit might be a good starting point. This can help you identify low-hanging fruit that can be quickly addressed.
    • Comprehensive Accessibility Review: For businesses that need a thorough assessment of their website’s accessibility, a hybrid audit combining both automated and manual testing is ideal. This approach will provide a complete picture of your site’s strengths and weaknesses.
    • Ongoing Monitoring and Maintenance: If your goal is to maintain accessibility over time and avoid compliance issues, consider an ongoing monitoring service that regularly checks your site for new issues as content and technology change.

    Overview of 216digital’s Accessibility Services

    At 216digital, we understand that navigating the complexities of digital accessibility can be overwhelming. That’s why we offer a structured approach to accessibility audits through our Phase 1 Risk Mitigation and Phase 2 Real World Accessibility services.

    Phase 1: Risk Mitigation Service

    This initial phase focuses on identifying and addressing high-risk accessibility issues that could expose your business to legal action. Using automated tools and expert manual review, we prioritize the most critical issues that need immediate attention.

    Phase 2: Real-World Accessibility Service

    In Phase 2, we dive deeper into the user experience, focusing on real-world scenarios and how users interact with your site. This phase includes extensive manual testing to uncover complex issues and provides actionable recommendations for improving your site’s accessibility.

    How Combining Automated and Manual Testing Enhances Accessibility

    A combined approach to accessibility testing offers a more robust and reliable audit process. Automated tools quickly handle large-scale issues, but manual testing ensures your site meets the nuanced needs of all users. By integrating both methods, you can create a more accessible and user-friendly website, reducing the risk of missed issues and ensuring a more inclusive experience.

    216digital’s a11y.Radar Service for Ongoing Monitoring

    Maintaining accessibility is an ongoing process. 216digital’s a11y. Radar service continuously monitors your website, automatically scanning for new accessibility issues as they arise. This service helps ensure that your site complies with accessibility guidelines over time, catching potential problems before they become costly liabilities.

    a11y.Radars Key Features include:

    • Dynamic Dashboard Display
    • Compliance Scans
    • Detailed Issues Reports
    • Issues Over Time
    • Manual Testing Reports
    • Email Alerts
    • Current Web Compliance Status

    How a11y.Radar Helps Prevent Frivolous ADA Lawsuits and Maintains Accessibility Compliance

    One of the biggest concerns for businesses today is the threat of frivolous ADA lawsuits. These lawsuits can be costly and time-consuming, even if the claims are unfounded. 216digital’s a11y. Radar service acts as a safeguard, continuously monitoring your site for compliance and helping you address issues before they lead to legal action. By keeping your site up-to-date with accessibility standards, a11y.Radar protects you from lawsuits and ensures a better user experience for all visitors.

    Conclusion

    Choosing the proper accessibility audit is crucial for ensuring your website meets the needs of all users while staying compliant with legal requirements. Whether you’re just starting with accessibility or looking for a comprehensive review, understanding the different testing methods and services available will help you make an informed decision.

    At 216digital, we can help develop a strategy to integrate WCAG 2.1 compliance into your development roadmap on your terms. To learn more about how our experts can help you confidently create and maintain an accessible website that meets both your business goals and the needs of your users, schedule a complementary ADA Strategy Briefing today.

    Greg McNeil

    August 8, 2024
    Testing & Remediation
    Accessibility Audit, Accessibility testing, digital accessibility, Web Accessibility, Web Accessibility Solution, Website Accessibility Tools
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