Accessibility testing Archives /Tag

Is Manual Accessibility Testing Worth the Time?

Deadlines move fast. Automated accessibility tools promise faster. It’s no surprise many dev teams lean on them—especially when stakeholders are asking, “Are we compliant yet?” Tools like WAVE and Lighthouse give quick answers, clean reports, and a reassuring sense of progress.

But here’s the part too many teams miss: automated testing only tells part of the story. The code might check out, but what about the actual experience? Can someone using a screen reader complete a purchase? Can a keyboard user navigate a modal without getting stuck? These are the kinds of issues that don’t show up in automated scans—but absolutely show up in real life.

If your goal is to build a product that’s not just technically compliant, but genuinely usable and defensible, manual accessibility testing needs to be part of the process. It’s the only way to uncover what automation can’t: nuance, clarity, and usability in the real world.

In this article, we’ll unpack the value of manual testing, where automated tools fall short, and how a smart hybrid approach gives you better results—and better protection.

What Is Manual Accessibility Testing?

Manual accessibility testing is the hands-on process of evaluating a digital product’s usability for people with disabilities—without relying solely on software. This might include:

Navigating with only a keyboard
Using a screen reader like NVDA, JAWS, or VoiceOver
Checking for color contrast by eye
Reviewing focus states and logical tab order
Testing real-world use cases (like filling out a form or completing a checkout process)

The goal is to simulate the experience of actual users with assistive technologies and identify barriers beyond code compliance.

The Appeal (and Limits) of Automated Testing

Automated accessibility tools like Lighthouse and WAVE have transformed developers’ identification of issues. They quickly scan code for missing alt text, incorrect ARIA roles, form labeling issues, and other violations of the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG).

Automated testing is fast and repeatable. It’s ideal for:

Initial scans during development
Catching basic syntax errors
Setting up CI/CD integration for ongoing testing
Flagging regressions after code updates

But here’s the catch: automation can only detect around 25-35% of accessibility issues. The rest requires human judgment.

What Automated Tools Can’t Catch

Despite their efficiency, automated tools lack the context and empathy of human testing. Here’s what they consistently miss:

Keyboard Trap Detection: Tools may confirm that an element is focusable, but they won’t always detect when users get stuck in modal dialogs or custom components without a proper way to escape.
Screen Reader Usability: Only a human can determine if the screen reader output is logical, coherent, and meaningful in context. Just because a screen reader reads something doesn’t mean it makes sense to the user.
Visual Focus Indicators: Automated checkers might verify the presence of a focus style, but they can’t confirm if it’s visible or intuitive in a real-world interface.
Form Instructions and Error Messages: Does the screen reader clearly announce the error? Are instructions available before a user makes a mistake? Automation doesn’t evaluate the usability of the experience.
Color Contrast in Context: A contrast checker might say a color combination passes WCAG, but it doesn’t judge readability in real UI conditions (like against busy background images or gradients).
Meaningful Link Text: Tools can flag vague text like “click here,” but they don’t understand if a link in a sentence conveys context when read out of order.
Cognitive Load and Ease of Use: Only a human can evaluate whether a layout or interaction is intuitive for users with cognitive disabilities or limited dexterity.

In short, automation checks the code; manual accessibility testing checks the experience.

Why a Hybrid Approach Works Best

The smartest accessibility strategies combine the speed of automation with the nuance of manual testing. Here’s how they complement each other:

Task	Best Method	Why
Catch missing alt attributes	Automated	Fast and reliable for simple HTML validation
Ensure meaningful alt descriptions	Manual	Context is required for accuracy
Validate keyboard navigation	Manual	Humans can detect trap states, confusing order
Check color contrast ratios	Automated	Useful for quick scanning
Judge visual clarity of focus states	Manual	Only human vision can determine visibility
Spot WCAG syntax violations	Automated	Efficient, especially with CI/CD tools
Confirm screen reader compatibility	Manual	Required for usability assurance
Test form completion and feedback	Manual	Critical for real-world workflows

This hybrid approach is not only more accurate—it’s also more defensible in legal contexts. Suppose you’re remediating a site for ADA compliance or preparing for WCAG conformance claims. In that case, you need evidence that your digital experience has been tested by real users or testers simulating those users.

Real-World Example: Checkout Accessibility

Let’s say you’re working on an e-commerce site. An automated test might scan your cart and checkout pages and report:

100% form elements are labeled
Contrast ratios are within limits
No ARIA roles are missing

Looks good.

But a manual tester might uncover:

The shipping address form doesn’t announce errors with a screen reader
The “Apply Coupon” button can’t be reached with the keyboard alone
The payment section’s field focus jumps around unexpectedly
The screen reader reads the price table in a confusing order

These are real barriers that impact sales—and wouldn’t be flagged by automation.

Manual Accessibility Testing Doesn’t Have to Be Time-Consuming

Yes, manual testing takes time. But it doesn’t have to grind your project to a halt.

Here’s how teams can streamline the process:

Integrate manual accessibility testing in sprints. Assign accessibility checks to QA or dev team members alongside other functional testing.
Use assistive tech simulators early. Even five minutes with VoiceOver or NVDA on a new feature can reveal major issues.
Focus on high-impact areas. Prioritize navigation, forms, modals, and anything tied to conversions or essential tasks.
Document patterns. Once you’ve tested common components (like dropdowns, date pickers, etc.), reuse them instead of rebuilding.

And most importantly—train your team. A developer with basic screen reader skills and a solid understanding of WCAG can identify more issues in five minutes than a tool might catch in five hours.

The Long-Term Payoff

Manual accessibility testing isn’t just about checking a compliance box—it’s about protecting your users, your brand, and your bottom line.

Benefits of a hybrid testing strategy include:

Fewer false positives and rework
Better user experience for everyone
Reduced legal risk and stronger compliance
Improved SEO and discoverability
Greater confidence in product quality

When teams understand what to test, how to test it, and why it matters, accessibility becomes a natural part of the development workflow—not an afterthought.

Bridging the Gap Between Code and Experience

So—is manual accessibility testing worth it?

Without question. Automated tools are great for speed, consistency, and catching the basics, but they can’t see the experience through a user’s eyes. Manual accessibility testing brings in that essential layer of human judgment, helping your team uncover issues that really affect usability—especially for people navigating with assistive technologies.

When you pair automation with real-world testing, you’re not just building a site that passes checks—you’re creating something that works better for everyone. It’s a smarter, more resilient way to approach accessibility, especially as legal expectations grow and user expectations rise even faster.

Curious what that could look like for your team? Schedule an ADA briefing with 216digital. We’ll walk you through our Phase 2 real-world remediation services—designed to help you go beyond code checks and build accessibility that holds up in practice, not just on paper.

Greg McNeil

May 15, 2025

Testing & Remediation

Accessibility, Accessibility Remediation, Accessibility testing, manual audit, Manual Testing, Web Accessibility, Web Accessibility Remediation

How Often Should You Audit Your Website for Accessibility?
You’ve already put in the effort to make your website accessible—and that’s no small thing. But accessibility isn’t something you fix once and forget. As your site evolves, even small changes can introduce new issues. That’s where regular check-ins come in. A web accessibility audit helps you catch problems early, stay aligned with current standards, and keep your site working for everyone.

So how often should you audit your site to maintain that progress? The answer depends on what’s changing—and when. In this article, we’ll break down the key moments when an audit makes sense, the risks of letting things slide, and how ongoing monitoring can help you stay ahead.

Why Web Accessibility Audits Are Critical

A web accessibility audit reviews your website’s design, code, and content to identify barriers that could make it hard—or even impossible—for people with disabilities to use your site. These audits typically test against the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) standards, the ADA (Americans with Disabilities Act), and other regulations.

The risks of not auditing regularly are real for small to midsize businesses. Over the past few years, digital accessibility lawsuits have skyrocketed. In 2024 alone, more than 4,000 web accessibility lawsuits were filed under the ADA—and many of those targeted businesses that were unaware they had an issue.

The cost of defending even a small ADA lawsuit can easily reach tens of thousands of dollars, not to mention the damage to your brand’s reputation. Proactive audits help you spot and fix issues early, keeping your business protected and your customers happy.

When Should You Audit Your Website for Accessibility?

While accessibility should be baked into your website maintenance plan, certain milestones require a full web accessibility audit.

1. After a Website Redesign or Major Update

If you’ve recently rebranded, relaunched, or significantly redesigned your site, it’s critical to schedule a full accessibility audit. Even small navigation, layout, or feature changes can unintentionally introduce new barriers. Testing right after major updates ensures you catch and fix issues before customers encounter them—and before a potential lawsuit arises.

2. Before Launching New Features or Products

Rolling out a new e-commerce section? Adding a chatbot? Introducing video content or online booking? Before new features go live, a web accessibility audit should be part of your quality assurance checklist.

New code, third-party integrations, and interactive tools can create accessibility gaps. Testing pre-launch helps ensure all users can interact with the new elements, no matter what device or assistive technology they’re using.

3. Annually (at Minimum)

Even if your site hasn’t changed much, accessibility standards, best practices, and legal expectations evolve over time. Conducting a comprehensive web accessibility audit at least once a year ensures your site complies with current WCAG standards (currently WCAG 2.1 and moving toward 2.2) and applicable regulations.

Think of it like an annual checkup for your digital presence: it’s much easier and cheaper to maintain accessibility than to fix major problems down the road.

4. After User Feedback or Complaints

If a customer or visitor flags an accessibility issue, that’s a signal to audit right away—not just the problem area but the entire site. User feedback is invaluable because it often reveals real-world issues automated scans might miss. Addressing concerns quickly shows that your business takes accessibility seriously and is committed to serving all users.

5. When Laws or Guidelines Change

New accessibility laws, updates to WCAG standards, or changes in court interpretations can raise the bar for compliance. For instance, the Department of Justice recently released new guidance for web accessibility under Title II of the ADA. When legal standards shift, a fresh audit can make sure you’re aligned with the latest requirements.

Why Ongoing Monitoring Matters

While annual or event-based audits are critical, they’re not enough. Websites are dynamic—they grow, change, and update constantly. New products, marketing campaigns, and blog posts can all introduce accessibility problems over time.

That’s where ongoing accessibility monitoring comes in.

At 216digital, we developed a11y.Radar, a proactive monitoring service that continuously scans your site for accessibility issues. a11y.Radar doesn’t replace manual audits (human expertise is still key!), but it acts as an early warning system—catching errors before they snowball into bigger problems.

With a11y.Radar, you can:
- Receive real-time alerts about accessibility regressions
- Track ongoing improvements
- Maintain continuous WCAG compliance
- Reduce your risk of surprise lawsuits
This approach helps you move from a reactive stance (“fix it after a lawsuit”) to a proactive one (“prevent lawsuits by staying accessible”).

The Cost of Skipping Regular Web Accessibility Audits

Many small to midsize businesses skip regular accessibility audits because of perceived costs or time commitments. But the truth is, not auditing can cost far more.

Ignoring accessibility can lead to:
- ADA lawsuits and expensive legal settlements
- Court-ordered website remediation under tight (and expensive) deadlines
- Loss of customers who can’t use your site
- Negative publicity and damage to your brand’s reputation
- Higher remediation costs later, compared to maintaining accessibility from the start
Investing in regular audits and monitoring is like insurance for your website—and your business future.

How 216digital Can Help You Stay Compliant

At 216digital, we specialize in helping businesses of all sizes navigate the world of web accessibility with confidence. Our phased approach includes:
- Risk Mitigation Audits: A focused first-pass audit to quickly catch and fix high-risk issues.
- Real World Accessibility Audits: Deep manual testing with screen readers, keyboard-only navigation, and assistive technologies to find real-world barriers.
- Ongoing Monitoring with a11y.Radar: Continuous scanning and reporting to help you maintain compliance and stay ahead of risks.
We believe accessibility isn’t a one-time project—it’s an ongoing commitment. That’s why our services are designed to be flexible, scalable, and tailored to your business needs.

Whether starting from scratch, redesigning your website, or needing help managing compliance over time, 216digital can help you build and maintain a site that works for everyone—and protects your business simultaneously.

Keep Progress on Track with Confidence

Accessibility is never truly finished—but that’s a good thing. It means you have an opportunity to keep improving, keep welcoming, and keep your business open to everyone. Staying compliant isn’t about chasing checklists—it’s about maintaining the trust you’ve already worked hard to earn.If you’re wondering whether now is the right time for your next audit, it probably is. A quick conversation can help clarify where you stand and what steps make sense next. Schedule a free ADA accessibility briefing with 216digital, and let’s keep your site moving forward—securely, inclusively, and confidently.
Greg McNeil

April 28, 2025

Testing & Remediation

Accessibility, Accessibility Audit, Accessibility testing, automated testing, manual audit, Manual Testing, Website Accessibility
What to Expect from an Accessibility Audit
Running a business is no small feat. Between managing daily operations, keeping customers happy, and staying on top of your digital presence, it’s easy to overlook something like web accessibility. But in today’s world, where more users rely on assistive technology to browse online, accessibility is no longer optional—it’s essential.

That’s where an accessibility audit comes in. It’s a smart, proactive step that helps you understand how well your website works for people with disabilities and where improvements are needed. It’s not just about avoiding legal trouble—it’s about creating a better experience for all your visitors.

Let’s break it down so you know exactly what to expect.

Why Accessibility Matters

Reaching Every Visitor

Web accessibility is about making sure everyone can use your website—no matter their ability. That includes people who rely on screen readers, keyboard navigation, or voice control, as well as those with visual, hearing, or cognitive challenges.

A more accessible site leads to:
- Better user experience
- Improved search engine visibility
- Increased customer trust
It’s a win for your users and your business.

Reducing Legal Risk

ADA-related lawsuits over inaccessible websites are on the rise, and many target small to mid-sized businesses. In fact over 67% of lawsuits in 2024 were targeting businesses with an annual revenue under $25 million or less.

These cases can be stressful and expensive—even if the issues weren’t intentional.

A professional accessibility audit helps you spot and fix issues early, protecting your business while showing your commitment to inclusion.

What Is an Accessibility Audit?

An accessibility audit is a full review of your website to find any barriers that might stop people with disabilities from using it. These barriers could be anything from missing image descriptions to forms that don’t work with a screen reader.

The audit is based on the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG), which provide a clear set of standards for accessible web design. Following WCAG helps ensure your site meets legal requirements—and, more importantly, that it works for everyone.

The Accessibility Audit Process: Step-by-Step

Here’s what typically happens during a full accessibility audit:

Initial Consultation & Scope Definition

The process starts with a conversation. You and your audit team will review your website’s goals, user flows, and top-priority pages—like your homepage, checkout process, or contact form. This helps focus the audit on what matters most.

Automated Testing

Automated tools run quick scans to catch common issues like:
This is a great first step, but automated testing only catches part of the picture. That’s why manual checks are so important.

Manual Evaluation

Accessibility specialists then take a deeper look at your site. They’ll test things like:
- Can users navigate with just a keyboard?
- Are screen readers reading content in the correct order?
- Do buttons and links have clear, accessible labels?
Manual testing finds the issues that machines often miss—and ensures your site works for real people in real situations.

User Testing with Assistive Technology

In some cases, the team may bring in people who use assistive tools daily—like screen readers or alternative input devices—to test your site. Their feedback offers invaluable real-world insight that helps uncover problems no tool or developer could spot alone.

Documentation of Findings

Once testing is done, you’ll receive a report that includes:
- A list of all issues
- Where each problem exists
- The specific WCAG criteria it violates
- Visual examples and code references for clarity
This report serves as your roadmap to fixing issues efficiently.

Prioritization of Issues

Not all issues are created equal. The audit team will help you prioritize based on the following:
- How severe the issue is
- How many users it might impact
- Whether it poses a legal risk
This lets you address the biggest barriers first and build a smart action plan moving forward.

Remediation Recommendations

Finally, you’ll receive clear, actionable guidance for fixing each issue. These recommendations will be tailored to your site’s platform, content, and team capacity. Some fixes might be quick, while others may take more planning—but you’ll know exactly what to do and where to start.

What Happens After the Audit?

Implementing Fixes

After the accessibility audit, it’s time to put the findings to work. Your team—or a trusted partner like 216digital—can help implement those changes, making sure they align with best practices while preserving your brand’s design and functionality.

Team Training

To keep your site accessible over time, it helps to train the people who update it. That could mean a short session on how to use alt text or a checklist for adding new content. A little knowledge goes a long way in preventing future issues.

Ongoing Monitoring

Accessibility isn’t something you check off once and forget about. Websites are living things—they change, grow, and update over time. That means new accessibility issues can pop up without warning, especially as content is added or platforms evolve.

That’s why regular monitoring is key. Running periodic scans, reviewing key pages, and staying alert to new barriers helps you maintain accessibility long after the initial audit. Tools like a11y.Radar, 216digital’s ongoing monitoring service, are designed to make this easier. It quietly keeps tabs on your site, flags issues early, and helps ensure your site stays in line with accessibility best practices—without the need for constant manual checks.

Your Website’s Future Just Got Brighter

A professional accessibility audit gives you more than just a report—it gives you peace of mind. It’s a smart, future-focused way to protect your business, improve your site, and welcome every visitor who comes your way.

At 216digital, we specialize in helping small to mid-sized businesses make sense of accessibility. Our expert-led audits, clear documentation, and hands-on remediation support make the process easy to follow and effective to implement. We help you go beyond compliance—to a website that’s truly inclusive.

If you’re ready to create a better experience for everyone and reduce your legal risk, let’s talk. A more accessible site isn’t just better for users—it’s better for business.
Greg McNeil

April 15, 2025

Testing & Remediation

Accessibility, Accessibility Audit, Accessibility testing, automated testing, manual audit, Web Accessibility, Website Accessibility
How 216digital Makes Accessibility Remediation Simple
If you’re a small or mid-sized business owner, you’ve probably heard stories about other businesses getting hit with ADA (Americans with Disabilities Act) web accessibility lawsuits. Often, these lawsuits come out of nowhere, catching website owners by surprise. You might not even know what you did wrong, why your site was targeted, or how to fix it. It’s frustrating, and it’s scary. Even if you haven’t faced a lawsuit yet, you could be worried about your level of risk. Nobody wants a legal headache—especially not when you’re already juggling everything else that goes into running a business.

Here at 216digital, our goal is to change the conversation around web accessibility. We help small to mid-sized businesses protect themselves from costly accessibility lawsuits while also making websites more inclusive for everyone. Instead of quick fixes that only look good on the surface, we focus on lasting solutions through real accessibility remediation. By partnering with us, you’re not just avoiding legal trouble—you’re also improving every visitor’s experience on your site. Good access equals good business.

In this article, we’re going to break down what web accessibility actually means, how our services work, and why our people-focused approach sets us apart from companies that might rely on short-term, fear-based tactics. We’ll also show you how to schedule a free ADA briefing so you can gain clarity on your level of risk and figure out the next steps to make your site welcoming to all.

What Is Web Accessibility, Really?

Understanding the Basics

The term “web accessibility” can feel intimidating if you haven’t delved into it before. But when you boil it down, it’s quite straightforward: web accessibility means designing and updating your website so that people with disabilities can use it just as smoothly as everyone else. This includes visitors who use screen readers, rely on keyboard navigation, need larger text, or have other accessibility requirements.

Accessibility Helps Everyone

Making a site more accessible often has bonus benefits for everyone. For example, clearer website structure can improve your overall user experience, boost your SEO (search engine optimization), and make your site more user-friendly across different devices. In other words, meeting accessibility standards isn’t just about legal risk—it’s also about creating a smoother experience for all your visitors. That’s why accessibility remediation is such a critical part of a business’s digital strategy.

The Problem: Why Lawsuits Are Happening

Why the Legal Risk Is Growing

Over the past few years, courts have increasingly treated websites as “places of public accommodation,” meaning they fall under rules that require them to be accessible to people with disabilities. This has led to a spike in legal actions against businesses—some well-intentioned (from people who genuinely can’t access certain sites) and others more opportunistic, aiming to force quick settlements.

Proactive Prevention with Remediation

Either way, if your website has accessibility barriers, you could end up with a lawsuit or a demand letter. That often means paying lawyer fees, making sudden updates to your site under intense time pressure, and dealing with stress you never saw coming.

At 216digital, our approach is all about preventing these problems before they happen. Through comprehensive accessibility remediation, we don’t want you to face that unexpected expense or crisis moment. Instead, we want to set you up for success by making sure your site meets recognized accessibility standards in a thorough, sustainable way.

How 216digital Helps You Meet Accessibility Standards

1. Risk-First Approach: Stop Lawsuits Before They Start

When you bring us on board, we don’t just run a quick scan of your site and hand you a list of potential problems. A quick list is a start, but it doesn’t actually fix anything. Instead, we take a risk-first approach. We identify the areas of your site most likely to trigger a lawsuit and tackle them right away. This rapid response significantly reduces your potential exposure.

From there, we proceed through the rest of your site, ensuring all content and functions align with trusted accessibility standards. That way, you’re not left vulnerable to new complaints popping up in the future. That’s the difference between surface-level adjustments and meaningful accessibility remediation.

2. Full WCAG Implementation (The Gold Standard for Accessibility)

If you’ve done even a little reading on accessibility, you’ve likely seen mention of WCAG (Web Content Accessibility Guidelines). Judges, lawyers, and advocacy groups generally refer to WCAG 2.1 for determining whether a site is accessible. These guidelines cover areas like color contrast, text size, navigation, labels, and much more—essentially the nuts and bolts of a properly accessible website.

At 216digital, we don’t guess at what might be acceptable; we follow a systematic process to ensure your site aligns with WCAG 2.1 AA standards. We conduct thorough manual reviews along with automated checks to verify real-world accessibility, not just box-ticking. Our team’s hands-on accessibility remediation work results in a site that is recognized as accessible by the broader web community.

3. Ongoing Monitoring with a11y.Radar

A frequent misconception is that fixing accessibility barriers is a one-time job. In reality, websites are ever-evolving. You add new pages, adjust your site design, or change your content management system. Each of these updates can unintentionally introduce fresh barriers or break fixes you’ve made in the past.

That’s why we built a11y.Radar. It’s our specialized monitoring tool that consistently keeps an eye on your site, even after you’ve addressed the initial round of accessibility issues. a11y.Radar periodically checks if new problems have cropped up or if previously fixed areas have broken. With this in place, your accessibility remediation efforts stay intact, and you can relax, knowing you’re not being blindsided by hidden hurdles.

4. Hands-On Guidance and Support

Technical expertise is crucial, but we believe that easy-to-understand communication is just as important. Our team provides one-on-one support and guidance, answering questions you have about accessibility guidelines, legal implications, and the practical steps to ensure your site meets the right standards.
- Plain-Language Explanations: We won’t drown you in legal or tech jargon.
- Training Resources: If your developers or content team need training to maintain accessibility remediation practices, we’re happy to help.
- Personalized Assistance: Every website is different, so we don’t force you into a cookie-cutter solution.
We want you to feel confident about your site’s accessibility, not left in the dark about what’s happening behind the scenes.

Why We’re Different from Other Accessibility Companies

We’re Not Selling Fear—We’re Solving a Real Problem

Let’s be honest: lawsuits are a genuine risk, and the ADA is taken seriously in court. But 216digital’s mission is to educate you, not terrify you. We want to give you a clear understanding of what’s at stake and how you can proactively protect your business. Scare tactics aren’t our style. Instead, we rely on proven, professional accessibility remediation to resolve real issues.

No Overlays, No Shortcuts

Some companies push accessibility “overlays” that claim to magically solve every potential issue. While these might address a few surface-level features (like text resizing or color contrast toggles), they rarely fix deeper code-level or structural issues—and sometimes even introduce new difficulties.

At 216digital, our philosophy is to fix your site at the source. We go into the code and address each issue thoroughly. Yes, it’s more work. But the results are genuine and reflect real progress that stands the test of time. That’s the power of full-scale accessibility remediation.

We’re a Small Team That Cares

We’ve been around for more than 25 years. In that time, we’ve supported hundreds of businesses across industries, from e-commerce shops to local service providers. We know what it’s like to run a small or medium-sized business, and we treat your goals and concerns with respect. We’re also proud to say we’re a tight-knit crew. When you call us, you’ll speak to real people who care about your success—and who care deeply about getting your accessibility remediation right.

Ready to Talk? Let’s Schedule Your ADA Briefing

Worried your website might have accessibility barriers? Not sure if you’re at risk for a lawsuit? We offer a free ADA briefing to help you figure out your next move. It’s a no-pressure conversation where you’ll learn what’s really happening on your site and how we can help.
- Site Assessment: We take a basic look at your site to spot any glaring red flags.
- Risk Overview: We talk about possible risks that could leave you open to legal action.
- Options & Timeline: We lay out what solutions might look like, with a sense of how long and how much effort they might take.
We’re not here to push a sales pitch—just to share our expertise and help you make the best decision. If you decide to work with us, awesome! If not, at least you’ll walk away with a clear understanding of your situation and how to move forward.

If you’re ready to stop wondering about your site’s accessibility status and start taking proactive steps, reach out to schedule your free ADA briefing. We’ll explain everything you need to know in a straightforward, understandable way. Fill out our contact form below or schedule online today at 216digital.com/ada-briefing. We can’t wait to hear from you and show you how simple real accessibility remediation can be.
Greg McNeil

April 7, 2025

Testing & Remediation

Accessibility, Accessibility Remediation, Accessibility testing, automated testing, Web Accessibility, Web Accessibility Remediation, Website Accessibility
How Automated Scans Help (and Fail) Accessibility
Have you ever clicked on a website and immediately gotten lost because nothing seemed to work the way you expected? Maybe you couldn’t find the right button, or the page layout was all over the place. Now imagine facing those same frustrations but with the added challenge of a visual, auditory, or motor disability. Navigating the web shouldn’t feel like an obstacle course—it should be intuitive and inclusive for everyone.

If you’re a website owner or business owner in the United States, you might already know that accessibility is becoming more than just a nice-to-have. It’s a key part of good customer service, protects you from legal risks, and, quite simply, it’s the right thing to do. But where do you start?

One of the first steps many people take is running automated scans.

These scans promise a quick way to spot accessibility issues on your site. Yet, while they can be extremely helpful, they’re far from perfect. In this article, we’ll explore the ups and downs of automated scans—what they can do, where they fail, and how to blend them into a solid strategy that also includes manual testing and expert help.

What Are Automated Accessibility Scans?

Automated scans are software tools that crawl through your website’s code, looking for red flags based on standards like the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG)). Think of these tools like the spellcheck in your word processor: they can spot a lot of mistakes, but they can’t always tell you if you’re using the right words in the right context.

What Do Automated Scans Detect?

Plenty of free and paid tools exist. Some are browser extensions (like WAVE or Google’s Lighthouse), while others are built-in services that run regular checks on your website. They’re great at picking up on common coding issues such as:
- Missing or poorly written alternative text on images
- Low color contrast between text and background
- Improper heading levels (skipping from an H1 to an H3 without an H2, for example)
- Misapplied ARIA attributes
- Certain missing form labels
If your site has glaring accessibility mistakes, automated scans can flag those quickly. They’ll often give you a handy list of what’s wrong, along with references to WCAG guidelines or best practices on how to fix each issue. That’s a huge benefit if you’re new to accessibility and need a push in the right direction.

How Automated Scans Can Help You

Let’s look at some of the biggest advantages of automated scans—and how they fit into your overall web development workflow.

Speed and Efficiency

Manual reviews take time, especially for large websites. An automated tool, on the other hand, can process hundreds or even thousands of pages in a shorter timeframe. This is especially handy if you regularly add or change content.

Spotting the “No-Brainers”

Many accessibility issues are straightforward coding mistakes—like forgetting to add “alt” text to images. Automated scanners are perfect for picking up on these. They’re quick, consistent, and thorough in locating these common errors.

Routine Monitoring

Some automated scan tools offer scheduled checks, which is terrific for ongoing maintenance. You can set them to run weekly or monthly scans and then get alerts if something new pops up, letting you address problems before they spiral.

Raising Awareness

For those brand-new to digital accessibility, automated tools can serve as a mini crash course. They highlight rules like ensuring sufficient color contrast or labeling form fields properly, helping you learn accessibility basics as you go.

Ease of Use

Many automated scanners come with user-friendly dashboards or plugins. You don’t have to be a coding genius to interpret most of the results. Often, the tool itself provides guidance on how to fix whatever it finds.

The Real-World Limitations of Automated Scans

As powerful as they are, automated scans also have notable blind spots (no pun intended). If you rely solely on these tools, you could end up with a site that technically passes certain checks but still feels like a maze for users with disabilities.

Lack of Context

A scanner can confirm if there’s alt text on an image, but it can’t determine if that text is accurate or helpful. An automated report might be happy to see you labeled your button as “Button,” but that label doesn’t tell a user what the button actually does.

Missing Nuances

Some accessibility aspects aren’t purely code-based; they’re about user experience and clarity. For example, is your site’s language too complicated for people with cognitive disabilities? Or is the layout tricky for those navigating with a screen reader? Automated tools struggle with these questions because they can’t judge user-friendliness the same way a person can.

False Flags

It’s common to get false positives (where the tool flags a problem that might not actually be a problem) or false negatives (where the tool fails to spot a genuine issue). This can lead you down the wrong path or lull you into thinking your site is perfectly fine when it’s not.

Limited Scenarios

Accessibility is more than code. What happens when someone uses only a keyboard to navigate your site? Or how does your site work for someone who relies on voice commands or a screen reader? Automated scans can’t replicate all these scenarios.

Overconfidence and the Need for Manual Testing

Automated tools can create a false sense of security. Just because a scanner says you’re 90% accessible doesn’t mean your site is truly welcoming for all. This is where manual testing comes in.

Beyond the Scan: Why Manual Testing Still Rules

Manual testing is where you or a tester interacts with your site in a more human way. Yes, it’s more time-intensive, but it’s also where you’ll uncover issues an automated tool can’t detect.

Keyboard-Only Navigation

One of the most fundamental manual tests is trying to tab through your site without using a mouse. If you can’t reach a menu item or submit a form using only the keyboard, that’s a major red flag.

Screen Reader Assessments

Automated scans might say you have alt text in all the right places, but only a real screen reader test will tell you if that text makes sense in context. Does it describe important images properly? Does the reading order make sense, or does it jump around the page?

Real Users, Real Feedback

Inviting people with various disabilities to use your site can reveal issues you never even knew existed. Maybe certain wording is confusing, or a CAPTCHA system is impossible to complete using assistive technology. Nothing beats firsthand feedback.

Manual testing fills the gaps that scanners leave behind, ensuring your site isn’t just “passing a test” but actually creating a positive experience. While it can require more resources (time and possibly hiring outside help), the results are worth it.

Keeping Accessibility an Ongoing Priority

Accessibility isn’t something you do once and forget about. Think of your website as a living, breathing entity: you add content, tweak layouts, and launch new features over time. Each change could introduce fresh accessibility challenges.

So, how exactly do automated scans fit into a more complete approach to accessibility?

Putting It All Together: A Holistic Accessibility Game Plan
1. Start with an Automated Scan – Run a scan and fix low-hanging fruit, such as missing alt text and color contrast problems.
2. Add Manual Checks – Navigate your site using only a keyboard and a screen reader. Identify areas that feel confusing or broken.
3. Get Professional Input – If your site is critical to your business, hire an accessibility specialist for a thorough audit.
4. Keep It Going – Schedule periodic scans, manual audits, and staff training. Accessibility should be part of your workflow.
5. Stay Informed – Follow updates to WCAG and relevant U.S. laws, and continue learning from accessibility experts.
The Best of Both Worlds: Automated and Manual Testing

Achieving true web accessibility requires more than just running a quick scan—it demands a balanced approach that combines the speed of automation with the insight of manual testing. Automated tools can help identify glaring issues, but only real human interaction can ensure a seamless experience for all users. By integrating both strategies, you’re not just checking a compliance box—you’re creating a more inclusive, user-friendly web presence that benefits everyone.

Start your journey toward full web accessibility today—reach out to 216digital using the form below! Our team of accessibility experts is ready to assess your site and provide tailored solutions to ensure that all visitors can easily access your content. Don’t let accessibility remain an afterthought—take the first step towards a more inclusive online presence now.
Greg McNeil

February 13, 2025

Testing & Remediation

Accessibility Audit, Accessibility testing, automated testing, manual audit, Manual Testing, Web Accessibility
The Accessibility Lawsuit Trend No One’s Talking About

In 2025, the world of digital accessibility is more complicated and urgent than ever. Lawsuits over website accessibility are on the rise, and they are changing in ways many businesses haven’t prepared for. In the past, companies would run automated scans and assume they were safe. But a troubling new trend has emerged. Plaintiffs are now basing their legal cases on problems that only show up through manual audits. If your website is relying on automated checks alone, you could be at serious legal risk. This article explains why this shift is happening, how automated scans fall short, and what you can do right now to stay ahead.

Why Automated Scans Are No Longer Enough

Over the years, many accessibility lawsuits pointed to errors found by automated tools. These tools check for missing alt text on images, low color contrast, and other basic issues. But today, plaintiffs’ lawyers and accessibility consultants are using manual audits to find deeper barriers. They test how a site really works for someone with a disability. They check if a keyboard-only user can reach all parts of a form, or if a screen reader can make sense of the menu. These tests go beyond surface-level coding problems.

Now, many businesses find themselves sued even though they passed automated scans. Plaintiffs’ experts show detailed reports from manual audits to prove real-life barriers. Lawyers and judges are giving more weight to these reports, which show that a site may look fine to the naked eye but still fail to support people with disabilities. If businesses don’t adjust, they could face serious legal costs and brand damage.

The Problem with Automated Scans

Automated scans still have their place. They’re great for catching low-hanging fruit like missing alt attributes or basic color contrast issues. However, they’re just one piece of the accessibility puzzle. Here are a few examples:

Contextual Understanding

Tools can’t interpret how a page flows from one element to another or whether a user’s journey makes sense. For instance, an automated tool might confirm that a button has a label. But it won’t confirm if that label makes sense in context—for example, “Click Here” might be flagged as accessible by an automated tool but provides zero context to screen readers.

Dynamic Interactive Elements

If your site has pop-ups, carousels, or complex menus, automated scans might not catch when these elements create focus issues. A user relying on keyboard navigation might get stuck or lose track of where they are on the page.

Human Navigation Patterns

Real users might try multiple paths to accomplish tasks, like making a purchase or filling out a form. Automated tools generally test code in a linear fashion, missing real-world usage patterns.

Advanced ARIA Techniques

ARIA can help screen readers identify custom elements (like drop-downs, tabs, or modals). However, it must be implemented correctly. An automated tool might only check if ARIA attributes exist, not if they are used correctly.

Recent Case Examples Where Automated Scans Failed

Several businesses have learned this lesson the hard way. Although you might read about them in publications like The Wall Street Journal, three notable examples include:

Kramer Knives

A small business specializing in handcrafted knives faced a lawsuit from a visually impaired plaintiff. Kramer Knives believed they were compliant because an automated scan showed few errors. However, manual testing uncovered keyboard navigation issues and unclear labels, resulting in legal action.

Electric Bike Technologies

This e-commerce business was sued for alleged inaccessibility after a plaintiff discovered barriers during manual testing. The automated scans the company had relied on were insufficient, as they didn’t catch certain interactive elements that weren’t accessible to screen readers.

Extract Labs

This CBD and cannabinoid products seller thought their high automated score meant they were safe. However, manual audits found significant barriers—like form fields that weren’t properly labeled and pop-up modals that trapped keyboard focus—leading to a lawsuit.

In each instance, the businesses thought they were protected. But what they missed—those deeper, functional issues—still made their sites inaccessible to real users and vulnerable in court.

How This Shift Could Activate a Wave of Accessibility Lawsuits in 2025

More Lawsuits, More Targets

Since manual audits reveal issues that automated scans ignore, it’s easier than ever for plaintiffs to build a strong legal case. E-commerce stores, healthcare websites, and travel booking sites are especially vulnerable. Their complex forms and interactive features may pass an automated check but fail real-world testing.

The Rise of Copycat Lawsuits

Accessibility lawsuits now follow a pattern. According to recent statistics, 41% of federal court lawsuits in 2024 targeted businesses that had already been sued before. Plaintiffs’ law firms reuse winning strategies again and again. Once they find a successful argument, they apply it to many businesses across different industries. Small businesses without in-house accessibility knowledge become prime targets. They often settle quickly to avoid higher legal costs, which makes them even more attractive to plaintiffs. These copycat lawsuits can destroy a business’s reputation and finances.

What Website Owners Need to Do Now

Going Beyond Automated Scans

It’s clear that if your only strategy is running an automated scan, you’re leaving yourself wide open. You need a multi-layered approach that combines automated scanning with manual audits for a complete look at your site. Manual audits test your website in the same way real users do.

Testers try to navigate using only a keyboard, or with a screen reader, or with special settings to assist low vision. This approach catches hidden barriers that an automated check will never see. If possible, individuals with disabilities should be involved in testing. Their feedback is invaluable because it reflects real-world challenges that neither a tool nor a developer might anticipate.

Creating a Proactive Accessibility Strategy

If you want to stay off a plaintiff’s radar, or at least have a strong defense if sued, take these steps:

Conduct a Full Accessibility Audit

Start with an initial assessment that combines automated tools and manual audits. Identify all major barriers to accessibility on your site.

Remediate the Issues

Fix the problems uncovered by your audit. This might involve updating code, redesigning certain elements for better contrast and clarity, or rethinking how your site’s navigation is structured.

Implement Ongoing Monitoring

Accessibility isn’t a “set it and forget it” project. Every time you add a new product, page, or feature, you could introduce new barriers. Schedule periodic reviews, both automated and manual or sign up for monitoring services like Accessibility Radar (a11y.Radar).

Train Your Team

Developers, designers, content writers—everyone on your team should know the basics of accessibility. Make sure they understand how to write alt text, use headings properly, and maintain keyboard-friendly navigation.

How 216digital Can Help

If you’re feeling overwhelmed, you’re not alone. It’s a big task to ensure your website is fully accessible, especially if you’re new to web accessibility. At 216digital, we focus on making accessibility practical and achievable for businesses of all sizes.

Our experts will test your website the way actual users do. We don’t just point out problems. We help you fix them for the long run. Whether your site needs design tweaks, code adjustments, or content changes, we’ll guide you every step of the way.

We don’t stop there. Accessibility standards change, and we stay on top of new guidelines. We provide ongoing support to make sure your site remains accessible. By combining automated scans with manual audits, our team delivers a full view of your accessibility status.

Take Action Today

Many business owners don’t think about website accessibility until they get served a lawsuit. By then, it may be too late. The better plan is to act now. Start with a thorough assessment and fix any barriers before a plaintiff turns them into a legal case. If you wait, you could face serious penalties, legal fees, and harm to your brand.

To stay protected, schedule a free accessibility risk assessment with 216digital. Our team will show you how manual audits can spot hidden barriers, and we’ll guide you on how to fix them. Avoid the growing wave of lawsuits by making your site accessible today. After all, equal access is not just a legal issue—it’s the right thing to do for your customers and your business.

Remember: automated scans are no longer enough. By embracing manual audits, you can protect your business, serve your customers better, and stay on the right side of the law. Don’t wait until you become the next lawsuit headline. Act now and secure your place as a leader in digital accessibility.

Greg McNeil

February 5, 2025

Legal Compliance

2025, Accessibility, Accessibility Audit, Accessibility testing, ADA Lawsuit, manual audit, Manual Testing, Web Accessibility
Can Free Web Accessibility Tools Improve Your Website?
If you’re new to website accessibility, you might feel a bit overwhelmed by all the information out there. You may have heard about legal requirements, user experience best practices, and even some fancy-sounding tools. But where do you begin? Maybe you’re wondering if a few free tools can do everything you need or if you’ll have to hire an expert. Rest assured, even small improvements can have a huge impact on your audience. We’ve also rounded up some of the best free tools to get you started—so you can begin making a difference right away without breaking the bank. It’s all about progress over perfection, so let’s dive in!

What is a Website Accessibility Audit?

A website accessibility audit is a thorough evaluation of your website to identify barriers that might prevent people with disabilities from accessing your content. These barriers can include issues with navigation, readability, or compatibility with assistive technologies like screen readers. The goal of an audit is to ensure that everyone uses your website, regardless of their abilities.

Why Conduct a Website Accessibility Audit?

Before we jump into the free tools, let’s talk about why accessibility matters. For starters, it’s the right thing to do. Everyone deserves a fair shot at using the web. But it also has major perks for you:

Better User Experience

An accessible website isn’t just for people with disabilities; it improves the experience for all users. When users can quickly find what they need and interact seamlessly, they’re more likely to stay longer, return, and even convert. Simply put, good accessibility means a smoother, more satisfying experience for all.

Higher Search Engine Rankings

Search engines favor websites with a clear structure and good usability, which means accessibility improvements can also boost your SEO.

Legal Compliance

Many regions, including the United States, have laws requiring websites to be accessible. Conducting regular accessibility audits helps ensure your site meets standards like the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), reducing legal risks and reinforcing your commitment to inclusivity.

By using web accessibility tools, you can tackle these challenges in a manageable way. It’s all about finding the issues, understanding them, and fixing them one step at a time.

Top Free Web Accessibility Tools

Now, let’s explore some of the best free web accessibility tools out there. These tools can give you a snapshot of common issues—like color contrast problems or missing headings—and help you decide what to fix first.

1. WAVE (Web Accessibility Evaluation Tool)

WAVE is a free browser extension and online service. You just plug in your site’s URL, and it gives you a report. WAVE highlights issues in real-time, pointing out where you might need better alt text or labeling. It also marks contrast errors. Because it’s from WebAIM, you know the tool has a solid background in accessibility guidelines.

How to Use WAVE
- Visit the WAVE website.
- Enter your website URL or upload a file.
- Review the visual feedback and detailed report to identify and fix issues.
2. Google Lighthouse

Google Lighthouse is built right into the Google Chrome browser. If you open your site, press the “F12” key (on Windows), and head to the “Lighthouse” tab, you can run an accessibility audit. It scores your site on things like color contrast, proper headings, and more. It’s not perfect, but it’s a great jumpstart in your journey to a more accessible site.

How to Use Google Lighthouse
- Open your website in Google Chrome.
- Right-click and select “Inspect” to open DevTools.
- Navigate to the “Lighthouse” tab.
- Choose the “Accessibility” category and run the audit.
- Analyze the generated report and address the highlighted issues.
3. Contrast Checker by WebAIM

Ever squinted at text because it was too light? The Contrast Checker helps you avoid that by testing color pairs. You type in your text color and background color, and it tells you if they meet the WCAG (Web Content Accessibility Guidelines) standards. This is one of those web accessibility tools that’s simple but very effective.

How to Use the Contrast Checker
- Go to the WebAIM Contrast Checker page.
- Enter the foreground (text) and background color values.
- The tool will indicate whether the contrast ratio meets WCAG standards.
4. Accessibility Insights

Accessibility Insights is a free, open-source tool from Microsoft. It offers both automated checks and guided manual tests. The automated checks are quick and easy, while the guided process teaches you how to find deeper issues. This makes it one of the more beginner-friendly web accessibility tools out there.

Practical Steps to Improve Your Website’s Accessibility

Using these free web accessibility tools is just the beginning. After you get your scan results, you need to take action. Here are a few steps you can start with:
1. Add Alt Text to Images: Make sure every image has a helpful text description. This is especially important if the image contains meaningful information.
2. Use Proper Headings: Structure your content with <h1> for titles, <h2> for main sections, and so on. This helps screen reader users navigate your pages.
3. Check Color Contrast: Use a tool like Contrast Checker by WebAIM to ensure your text is visible against its background.
4. Label Your Forms: Make sure all form fields have clear labels. This helps screen reader users fill out forms without confusion.
5. Add Descriptive Link Text: Avoid vague text like “click here.” Instead, describe what the link leads to, such as “View our Accessibility Guide.”
Keep in mind that these improvements benefit everyone, not just users with disabilities. People browsing on mobile devices, for example, appreciate clear structure and easy-to-read text, too.

Technical Explanations Made Simple

WCAG

The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines are like the rules of the road for website accessibility. They tell you the best practices for things like color contrast, keyboard navigation, and more.

Screen Readers

These are programs that read text on a screen aloud for people who can’t see the content. If your site is poorly structured, screen readers may stumble, making your site frustrating or even impossible to use.

ARIA Tags

ARIA (Accessible Rich Internet Applications) tags help make dynamic content accessible. If you have dropdown menus or pop-up windows, ARIA can signal to assistive technologies how those elements should behave.

By understanding these basics, you can go beyond just automated scans and make meaningful changes.

The Limitations of Free Tools

As great as these free web accessibility tools are, they can only do so much. They mostly check for errors that can be caught by automated rules. They might flag missing alt text or color contrast issues, but they can’t always figure out the context of an image or the logic behind a complex form. They also can’t simulate how a person using a screen reader or keyboard-only navigation might interact with your site. In fact, automated scans can only detect around 30% of accessibility errors. That means you’ll still have hidden issues that only a real user with assistive technology or a skilled reviewer can uncover.

It’s a bit like relying on a spelling checker to edit a long report. Sure, it catches most misspellings, but not the misused words or awkward sentences. You still need a human editor to clean it up completely.

Moving Forward With a More Inclusive Website

Free web accessibility tools give you a fantastic starting point. They shine a light on basic issues and help you learn the ropes of website accessibility. But remember that these scans only catch about a third of the barriers your visitors might face. That’s why a deeper dive—like manual testing, user feedback, and expert reviews—is so important.

By taking these first steps, you’re already showing you care about providing an inclusive and welcoming space for everyone. Ready to keep going? We at 216digital can help you take your accessibility journey to the next level. Whether you need a more comprehensive audit, expert guidance, or hands-on assistance, our team is here to make sure your site truly meets the needs of all users. Reach out today, and let’s keep building a more accessible web—together!
Greg McNeil

January 28, 2025

Testing & Remediation

Accessibility, Accessibility testing, automated testing, evaluation tools, Web Accessibility, Web accessibility tools
Accessibility Testing: Prioritize Fixes That Truly Matter
Accessibility can feel like an overwhelming mountain to climb. Every round of accessibility testing uncovers new problems—some obvious, others hidden deep in the code or design. Where do you start when everything seems important? What if you tackle the wrong issue first, leaving users still stuck?

These questions are important, and the answers can transform how your website serves all visitors. This guide isn’t just about fixing problems—it’s about focusing your efforts where they matter most. By exploring WebAIM’s four-level severity framework, you’ll learn how to prioritize issues effectively and make meaningful progress toward an inclusive website. Let’s dive in and figure this out together.

WebAIM’s Four-Level Severity Framework

WebAIM (Web Accessibility in Mind) categorizes accessibility issues into four levels of severity based on their impact on users. These categories help prioritize fixes by focusing on barriers that significantly affect user experience and access.

Critical Issues

Critical issues completely block users from accessing specific parts of your website or performing essential tasks. Addressing these issues should be the highest priority. Examples include:
- Interactive elements, such as buttons or form inputs, that cannot be reached or activated using a keyboard.
- Videos without captions, which exclude users who are deaf or hard of hearing.
- Content that flashes or strobes in a way that could cause seizures for individuals with photosensitive epilepsy.
To prevent these barriers, developers should prioritize using accessible, native HTML elements and perform thorough accessibility testing, including keyboard and screen reader evaluations, during the development process.

Significant Issues

Significant issues do not entirely block access but make interacting with the website cumbersome or frustrating for users. Examples include:
- Missing visual focus indicators, which make it challenging for keyboard users to identify the currently focused element.
- Poor color contrast that makes text difficult to read for users with visual impairments.
These issues disrupt the user experience and should be addressed soon after critical issues to enhance accessibility.

Moderate Issues

Moderate issues require users to expend unnecessary effort or time to navigate and interact with web content but do not entirely impede access. Examples include:
- Lack of properly structured semantic HTML, such as headings and regions, which slows navigation for screen reader users.
- Generic or vague descriptive link text (e.g., “Click here”) that fails to describe the destination or action clearly.
- Animations that lack user controls, making it difficult for some users to focus on other content.
Comprehensive accessibility testing ensures these moderate issues are identified and addressed to improve usability for all users.

Minor Issues

Minor issues do not create significant barriers but contribute to a polished and professional user experience when resolved. Examples include:
- Slight inconsistencies in focus styles for keyboard navigation.
- Overuse of ARIA attributes, such as redundant tabindex values on elements that are already focusable.
While not urgent, fixing minor issues during routine updates demonstrates attention to detail and commitment to accessibility best practices.

Step-by-Step Guide to Prioritizing Accessibility Fixes

Feeling unsure where to start? Don’t worry—you’re not alone. Here’s a simple plan to categorize and tackle accessibility issues step by step:

1. Conduct a Comprehensive Accessibility Audit

Begin by testing your site with tools like WAVE and Lighthouse. Then, complement these results with manual testing—navigate your site with a keyboard, try a screen reader, and zoom your browser window. Automated tools catch many issues, but hands-on testing uncovers usability challenges they miss.

2. Categorize Issues by Severity

Use WebAIM’s framework to prioritize fixes:
- Critical issues should top your list, as they directly prevent access.
- Serious issues come next, addressing significant usability gaps.
- Moderate and minor issues can be grouped for later phases.
A structured approach to accessibility testing ensures the most pressing barriers are resolved first.

3. Consider the Impact on Your Audience

Think about how each issue affects your users. For example, missing alt text on product images affects a wide audience and should take precedence. If you have user feedback, use it to identify pain points that need urgent attention.

4. Focus on High-Traffic and High-Value Pages

Start your efforts where they’ll have the greatest impact:
- Homepage and landing pages.
- Key interaction points like forms or checkout pages.
- Frequently accessed resources such as blogs or FAQs.
By targeting these areas during accessibility testing, you ensure that the improvements benefit the largest number of users.

5. Use a Phased Approach for Moderate and Minor Issues

After resolving critical and serious issues, create a plan for tackling moderate and minor ones. For instance:
- Update heading structures during new content creation.
- Fix descriptive link text during routine content reviews.
Breaking these tasks into smaller phases makes the process manageable and less overwhelming.

6. Test and Retest

After making fixes, conduct accessibility testing again. If possible, involve users with disabilities to confirm your solutions work in real-world scenarios. Their feedback is invaluable and can guide future improvements.

Tools and Techniques for Effective Accessibility Testing

A good mix of tools and techniques ensures you catch both technical and usability issues. Here’s what to try:
- Automated Tools: WAVE and Lighthouse are great for spotting common errors.
- Manual Testing: Use a keyboard or screen reader to experience your site like some users do.
- Color Contrast Checkers: WebAIM’s Contrast Checker ensures text is easy to read.
- User Testing: Working with people who have disabilities provides first hand insights.
Why Prioritization Matters

Prioritizing fixes has clear benefits:
- Faster Results: You can address critical barriers quickly and make your site accessible sooner.
- Better Use of Resources: Time and budget go toward solving high-impact problems.
- Happier Users: Fixing severe issues first improves usability for everyone.
Taking things one step at a time, with regular accessibility testing, makes the process less overwhelming and helps you steadily improve your site.

Final Thoughts

Accessibility can feel like a big undertaking, but it doesn’t have to be. By focusing on the most critical barriers first and conducting consistent accessibility testing, you can make real progress without burning out. Accessibility isn’t a one-time project—it’s an ongoing commitment to creating a better digital experience for all.

Imagine how many more people could enjoy your site if it were accessible to everyone. Whether you’re a developer, IT director, or content creator, each step you take helps make the web a more inclusive place.

And you don’t have to do it alone. 216digital is here to help. From audits to ongoing accessibility testing and monitoring, we’ll guide you every step of the way. Together, we can create a website that’s user-friendly, inclusive, and aligned with the latest standards. Schedule your consultation today, and let’s get started making your site the best it can be!
Greg McNeil

January 21, 2025

How-to Guides

Accessibility, Accessibility testing, automated testing, How-to, WebAIM, Website Accessibility
How to Use JAWS for Screen Reader Testing
For millions of people with visual impairments, screen readers like Job Access With Speech (JAWS) are essential for navigating the digital world. According to a 2024 WebAIM survey, JAWS continues to lead the way as one of the most widely used screen readers, with 41% of respondents relying on it—outpacing other tools like NonVisual Desktop Access (NVDA) and Apple VoiceOver.

If you’re focused on building an accessible digital experience, incorporating screen reader testing into your workflow is a must. Not only does it help you create a more inclusive website, but it also supports compliance with accessibility laws like the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), WCAG standards, and more.

In this guide, we’ll break down how to use JAWS for accessibility testing, explore essential commands, and share tips for improving your website’s usability. But first, a quick look at what makes it such a powerful tool.

What is JAWS?

JAWS, developed by Freedom Scientific, is a screen reader that converts on-screen text into speech or braille for users who are blind or visually impaired. It allows users to navigate websites, applications, and documents without needing to see the screen.

JAWS is one of the most popular screen readers globally, making it an essential tool for web accessibility testing. By simulating how users rely on assistive technologies, JAWS helps you identify barriers that may prevent someone from fully engaging with your website.

Why is JAWS Essential for Accessibility Testing?

Accessibility testing is about ensuring everyone, regardless of ability, can interact with your website. JAWS plays a vital role in this process because:
- Real-World Simulation: JAWS mimics how many visually impaired users experience the web, allowing you to uncover issues that automated tools might miss.
- WCAG Compliance: Testing with JAWS helps ensure your website complies with the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG), a global standard for digital accessibility.
- Improved User Experience: By identifying and fixing accessibility barriers, you create a more inclusive, user-friendly experience for all visitors.
How to Set Up JAWS
1. Download and Install JAWS: Visit the Freedom Scientific website to download JAWS. While it’s a paid tool, a 40-minute free demo mode is available for testing purposes.
2. System Requirements: Ensure your computer meets the system requirements. JAWS works on Windows but does not support macOS directly.
3. Set Up Your Environment: Use headphones to listen while testing so the screen reader’s output doesn’t interfere with other tasks.
4. Familiarize Yourself with the Settings: Spend time exploring the settings menu to adjust speech rate, verbosity, and other preferences.
Key JAWS Commands You Need to Know

Learning a few essential JAWS commands will make testing faster and more effective. Here are some basics to get you started:
- Navigating Headings: Press H to jump to the next heading and Shift + H to go to the previous heading.
- Lists: Press L to move to the next list and I to navigate to individual list items.
- Links: Use Tab to navigate through links or Insert + F7 to bring up a list of all links on the page.
- Forms: Press F to jump to the next form field and Shift + F to go to the previous one.
- Read the Page: Use Insert + Down Arrow to read the page continuously or Arrow Keys for manual reading.
Step-by-Step Guide to Testing Web Accessibility with JAWS

Start with the Homepage

Open your website’s homepage and let JAWS read through it. Check if the content flows logically and whether important elements, like headings and links, are announced correctly.

Test Navigation

Use the Tab key to navigate through links and interactive elements. Ensure focus indicators are visible and links are descriptive (e.g., “Learn More” should specify the action or page it leads to).

Evaluate Headings

Press Insert + F6 to bring up a list of headings. Verify that they are hierarchical and descriptive, making it easier for users to navigate.

Check Forms

Navigate through form fields using the F key. Test for proper labeling, keyboard navigation, and error message announcements.

Test Images and Alt Text

JAWS will read the alt text of images. Ensure images have descriptive alt text and that decorative images are marked appropriately (e.g., as null or empty).

Assess ARIA Roles and Landmarks

Use JAWS to test ARIA roles, landmarks, and live regions. Verify that these elements provide meaningful context to screen reader users.

Document Issues

As you test, document any barriers you encounter, such as missing alt text, unclear link descriptions, or inaccessible forms. Include the steps to replicate the issue and suggest solutions.

Tips for Effective JAWS Testing
- Pair with a Keyboard-Only Test: Ensure your website is fully navigable using only a keyboard, as this is crucial for screen reader users.
- Listen Critically: Pay attention to how JAWS announces content. Confusing or incomplete announcements signal a need for improvement.
- Focus on User Experience: Think about how easy it would be for a JAWS user to accomplish key tasks on your website, such as making a purchase or finding contact information.
- Test Multiple Pages: Don’t stop at the homepage. Test a variety of pages, including forms, product pages, and blogs.
Limitations of JAWS

While JAWS is an invaluable tool for accessibility testing, it has limitations:
- Cost: It is expensive, which may be a barrier for smaller teams or independent developers.
- Learning Curve: The abundance of commands and settings can be overwhelming for beginners.
- Not a Catch-All Solution: JAWS testing alone cannot guarantee accessibility compliance. It’s essential to pair it with other tools and techniques.
Why JAWS Should Be Paired with Other Tools

JAWS provides critical insights, but no single tool can capture all accessibility issues. Consider pairing it with:
- Automated Testing Tools: Tools like WAVE and Lighthouse can quickly identify common issues, such as missing alt text or low contrast.
- Other Screen Readers: Testing with multiple screen readers, such as NVDA or VoiceOver, ensures compatibility across platforms.
- Manual Testing: Involve users with disabilities in your testing process to gain authentic feedback.
Building a More Inclusive Web

Testing your website with JAWS is a powerful step toward creating an inclusive digital environment. By understanding how screen reader users interact with your content, you can uncover barriers and make meaningful improvements. Remember, accessibility is not just about compliance—it’s about creating a web that works for everyone.

While JAWS is a fantastic tool, it should be part of a broader accessibility strategy that includes other tools, user testing, and a commitment to following WCAG guidelines. With the actionable insights from this guide, you’re well on your way to improving your website’s accessibility and making a positive impact on all your users.

Let’s work together to make the web a more inclusive place!

Need help with accessibility testing? If you’re ready to take your accessibility efforts to the next level, 216digital can help. Our team specializes in comprehensive accessibility solutions that go beyond surface fixes. Schedule an ADA briefing with us today by using the contact form below. Let’s work together to make your website accessible to everyone.
Greg McNeil

January 16, 2025

How-to Guides, Testing & Remediation

Accessibility testing, assistive technology, How-to, JAWS, screen readers, user testing
WAVE Accessibility Tool: A Step-by-Step Guide
Have you ever clicked on a website and felt completely lost—like the menus were in hidden corners, or the text was so tiny you had to squint? Sometimes, the root of that problem is an accessibility issue. Put simply, a site might not be built in a way that everyone can use comfortably. That’s where WAVE comes in. WAVE (short for Web Accessibility Evaluation Tool) helps detect areas on your website with barriers and provides you with tips on how to fix them. It’s free, easy to use, and super handy for making sure your site works for everyone.

If you’ve never heard of WAVE or used it before, don’t worry—you’re not alone! In this guide, we’ll break it down step by step and show you how it can make your website better, clearer, and more user-friendly. Let’s dive in!

What Is the WAVE Accessibility Tool?

So, what exactly is WAVE? Created by WebAIM, this free tool looks for possible problems on any webpage and points them out. Think of it like a traffic light system for your site’s accessibility. If there’s a red light, it means an issue needs immediate attention—like missing text descriptions for images (which can be a big deal for screen reader users). If something’s in yellow, it could be a warning sign that may or may not become a problem.

But what makes WAVE so remarkable is its visual approach: it marks up your page with icons and colored boxes so you can spot issues right where they happen. It also highlights structural elements—like headings, landmarks, and ARIA attributes—to ensure your website is logically organized and easy to navigate. No more digging through code and guessing what went wrong. Just click, glance, and fix!

Key Features of WAVE Accessibility Tools

Browser Extensions

If you’re a fan of quick-and-easy solutions (who isn’t?), you’ll love WAVE browser extensions. You can add them to Chrome or Firefox with just a few clicks. Once that’s done, go to any webpage, hit the WAVE icon in your toolbar, and boom—you get an instant report without switching tabs. It’s perfect for those of us who like minimal fuss.

Online WAVE Tool

If extensions aren’t your thing or you’re using a borrowed computer, don’t worry. WAVE also has an online tool. All you have to do is visit the WAVE website, copy the link to the page you want to test and paste it. Within seconds, you get a full-page view loaded with accessibility markers. This approach keeps you flexible, especially if you switch devices a lot.

Visual Feedback

One of the best parts of WAVE is how it breaks down what might be going wrong. Errors, warnings, and even things that are working just fine each get their own unique symbols. You’ll see icons, colors, and outlines placed directly on top of the webpage elements. This visual overlay system helps you zero in on issues (like missing alt text or poor contrast ratios) more quickly than poring over raw code.

Accessibility Panels

After WAVE loads your page, you can explore different panels to learn more:
- Summary Panel: This shows you how many errors, alerts, and features were found.
- Structure Panel: Gives you a rundown of your headings, lists, and how the page is organized. This is super helpful for seeing whether screen readers will read your page in a logical order.
- Details Panel: Goes deeper by explaining each issue and how to fix it. If you’re the type of person who likes step-by-step instructions, you’ll feel right at home here.
How to Use WAVE Effectively

Getting Started

First things first: pick your favorite way to use WAVE. If you like convenience, grab the Chrome or Firefox extension. If you’d rather not install anything, head straight to the online WAVE site. From there, it’s as simple as entering your page’s URL. Once you see your page covered with icons, you’ll know you’re in business.

Running an Analysis

When you launch WAVE, it basically scans the webpage in front of you and marks all the potential issues. Think of it like a helpful friend pointing out the spinach in your teeth—except here, it’s pointing out an image without alt text or headings that aren’t in the right order. You might see red icons (these are errors), yellow icons (warnings), or other symbols that highlight good features, too. Scroll down to make sure you don’t miss any marks hiding at the bottom of the page.

Interpreting Results

Getting an A+ in accessibility can feel like unlocking a secret achievement! But sometimes, your first scan with WAVE might bring up a list of errors longer than you’d hoped. Don’t panic. Errors typically mean your site is missing something important, like proper labels for form fields or headings that make sense. Warnings, on the other hand, are more like gentle taps on the shoulder, suggesting a potential issue.

You’ll also see that WAVE links these issues to specific guidelines from the WCAG (Web Content Accessibility Guidelines). That might sound fancy, but it basically helps you follow official rules, so you’re not just guessing how to fix stuff.

Prioritizing Fixes

So, you’ve got a bunch of red and yellow icons—where do you even start? Focus on the red ones first (the errors). Fix things like missing alt text or form labels right away since those directly affect how people access and use your content. Next, tackle the warnings. You might spot patterns, like repeated heading problems across several pages. Fixing them in one swoop can save you a lot of time.

Exporting and Sharing Results

If you’re part of a team, you’ll probably want to show your coworkers what needs fixing. WAVE makes this easy—there’s an option to export the report or share a link to the scanned page. This can be a lifesaver when you need to prove to a manager that certain design choices might be causing trouble for users. Plus, it keeps everyone on the same page—literally!

Strengths and Limitations of WAVE

WAVE is user-friendly, offers quick visual feedback, and gives both beginners and experienced developers something to love. It’s like having a built-in teacher who highlights mistakes and nudges you toward the right answers.

What It Does Well
- Highlights errors and warnings right on the page.
- Teaches you about accessibility by explaining each issue.
- Checks for essential elements like color contrast, heading hierarchy, and ARIA attributes.
- It works within your browser or online, so no extra files are needed.
Where It Falls Short
- Single-Page Focus: WAVE is excellent for testing one page at a time but isn’t designed to crawl an entire site in one go.
- Scope of Automation: Automated checks can’t evaluate everything—like the clarity of your alt text or how user-friendly your navigation is. Manual testing is still essential, especially for things like complex JavaScript interactions.
- Not a Magic Fix: WAVE won’t fix issues for you—it only shows you what to work on. Consider it a trusty sidekick, not a fully automated superhero.
Best Practices for Using WAVE

Combine with Other Tools

While WAVE is incredible, consider also using tools like Google Lighthouse or Accessibility Radar (a11y.Radar). The more eyes on your site, the better.

Manual Testing Matters

Automated tools can catch a lot of problems, but human testing can uncover hidden barriers—like confusing navigation menus or unclear copy. Think of WAVE as your first line of defense, not the only line.

Train Your Team

If you’re not the only one updating the website, make sure others know how to read and understand WAVE reports. Accessibility is more manageable when everybody’s on board.

Start Early

Don’t wait until your site goes live to test for accessibility. Use WAVE during the design phase so you can catch significant issues before they become big headaches.

Make It Part of a Bigger Strategy

Use WAVE as the baseline for your accessibility plan. Re-run tests after making changes and encourage feedback from real users. Over time, you’ll build a more inclusive experience.

That’s a Wrap: Waving Goodbye to Barriers

Making your site accessible is really about welcoming everyone—whether they use screen readers, need larger text, or want a smoother experience. WAVE takes the guesswork out of finding those hidden roadblocks. It shows you exactly where to focus your efforts, helping you make fast progress toward a more inclusive website.

As powerful as WAVE is, remember that it’s only one piece of the puzzle. Combining WAVE’s insights with manual testing, user feedback, and other evaluation tools like Axe or Lighthouse will give you a well-rounded approach to accessibility. Over time, you’ll find that accessibility isn’t just about rules and standards—it’s about caring for the people visiting your site. Happy scanning, and may your website become a place where everyone feels right at home!
Greg McNeil

January 13, 2025

Testing & Remediation, Web Accessibility Monitoring

Accessibility, Accessibility testing, automated testing, WAVE, Web Accessibility

What Is Manual Accessibility Testing?

The Appeal (and Limits) of Automated Testing

What Automated Tools Can’t Catch

Why a Hybrid Approach Works Best

Real-World Example: Checkout Accessibility

Manual Accessibility Testing Doesn’t Have to Be Time-Consuming

The Long-Term Payoff

Bridging the Gap Between Code and Experience

Why Web Accessibility Audits Are Critical

When Should You Audit Your Website for Accessibility?

1. After a Website Redesign or Major Update

2. Before Launching New Features or Products

3. Annually (at Minimum)

4. After User Feedback or Complaints

5. When Laws or Guidelines Change

Why Ongoing Monitoring Matters

The Cost of Skipping Regular Web Accessibility Audits

How 216digital Can Help You Stay Compliant

Keep Progress on Track with Confidence

Why Accessibility Matters

Reaching Every Visitor

Reducing Legal Risk

What Is an Accessibility Audit?

The Accessibility Audit Process: Step-by-Step

Initial Consultation & Scope Definition

Automated Testing

Manual Evaluation

User Testing with Assistive Technology

Documentation of Findings

Prioritization of Issues

Remediation Recommendations

What Happens After the Audit?

Implementing Fixes

Team Training

Ongoing Monitoring

Your Website’s Future Just Got Brighter

What Is Web Accessibility, Really?

Understanding the Basics

Accessibility Helps Everyone

The Problem: Why Lawsuits Are Happening

Why the Legal Risk Is Growing

Proactive Prevention with Remediation

How 216digital Helps You Meet Accessibility Standards

1. Risk-First Approach: Stop Lawsuits Before They Start

2. Full WCAG Implementation (The Gold Standard for Accessibility)

3. Ongoing Monitoring with a11y.Radar

4. Hands-On Guidance and Support

Why We’re Different from Other Accessibility Companies

We’re Not Selling Fear—We’re Solving a Real Problem

No Overlays, No Shortcuts

We’re a Small Team That Cares

Ready to Talk? Let’s Schedule Your ADA Briefing

What Are Automated Accessibility Scans?

What Do Automated Scans Detect?

How Automated Scans Can Help You

Speed and Efficiency

Spotting the “No-Brainers”

Routine Monitoring

Raising Awareness

Ease of Use

The Real-World Limitations of Automated Scans

Lack of Context

Missing Nuances

False Flags

Limited Scenarios

Overconfidence and the Need for Manual Testing

Beyond the Scan: Why Manual Testing Still Rules

Keyboard-Only Navigation

Screen Reader Assessments

Real Users, Real Feedback

Keeping Accessibility an Ongoing Priority

Putting It All Together: A Holistic Accessibility Game Plan

The Best of Both Worlds: Automated and Manual Testing

Why Automated Scans Are No Longer Enough

The Problem with Automated Scans

Contextual Understanding

Dynamic Interactive Elements

Human Navigation Patterns

Advanced ARIA Techniques

Recent Case Examples Where Automated Scans Failed