216digital.
Web Accessibility

Phase 1
Web Remediation for Lawsuit Settlement & Prevention


Phase 2
Real-World Accessibility


a11y.Radar
Ongoing Monitoring and Maintenance


Consultation & Training

Is Your Website Vulnerable to Frivolous Lawsuits?
Get a Free Web Accessibility Audit to Learn Where You Stand
Find Out Today!

Web Design & Development

Marketing

PPC Management
Google & Social Media Ads


Professional SEO
Increase Organic Search Strength

Interested in Marketing?
Speak to an Expert about marketing opportunities for your brand to cultivate support and growth online.
Contact Us

About

Blog

Contact Us
  • Why Your Navigation Menu Needs Accessibility

    When you visit a website, one of the first things you probably notice is the navigation menu. It’s usually at the top or on the side of the page, guiding you to different parts of the site. Think of it as the roadmap to all the good stuff a website has to offer. But what happens if that roadmap isn’t clear? This is where accessible navigation menus come into play.

    Let’s dive into what a web navigation menu is, common accessibility challenges, why they matter, and how you can make yours more accessible!

    What is a Website Navigation Menu & Structure?

    A navigation menu is a list of links or buttons usually found at the top or side of a website. These links guide users to different sections of the site, like the homepage, about page, blog, or contact page. Think of it as a roadmap that helps visitors get where they want to go without wandering aimlessly.

    The structure of a navigation menu can vary from simple to complex, depending on the size and type of website. Most websites use one or more of these types of menus:

    • Horizontal Menus: Commonly found at the top of a webpage.
    • Vertical Menus: Often located on the left or right side of a webpage.
    • Dropdown Menus: This appears when you hover over or click a menu item.
    • Hamburger Menus: Those three stacked lines you see on mobile websites or apps.

    The structure needs to be clear and intuitive so users can find what they’re looking for quickly and easily. For example, if you’re on an online store’s website, you’d expect to find “Products” in the main menu, not buried under “About Us.”

    When the navigation is well-organized, visitors can explore your site and enjoy their experience. But if it’s confusing or hard to use, people might leave — and that’s not good for any website.

    Common Accessibility Challenges with Navigation Menus

    Creating a navigation menu might seem simple, but there are a few common accessibility challenges that can make it tricky for some users to navigate. Here are a few examples:

    • Keyboard Navigation: Not everyone uses a mouse. Some people rely on a keyboard or other assistive devices to move around a website. If your menu isn’t keyboard-friendly, it can be impossible for these users to access parts of your site.
    • Screen Readers: Screen readers are tools that help people with visual impairments by reading the text on the screen out loud. If your menu isn’t designed with screen readers in mind, it might not make sense to the user.
    • Color Contrast: If the text in your menu doesn’t have enough contrast with the background, it can be hard for people with visual impairments to read. For example, light gray text on a white background might look sleek, but it’s not easy for everyone to see.
    • Dropdown Menus: Dropdown menus are those extra links that appear when you hover over a main menu item. They can be challenging for screen readers and keyboard users if not properly coded.

    Why Are Accessible Navigation Menus Important?

    Accessible navigation menus aren’t just about being kind or doing the right thing—they’re also good for business. When your site is accessible, it’s usable by everyone, including people with disabilities. This means you’re not excluding potential customers or visitors, which can lead to a better return on investment (ROI).

    Additionally, accessibility is a legal requirement under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) in the United States. Websites that don’t comply with these guidelines can face lawsuits, which can be costly and damage your brand’s reputation.

    Simply put, investing in web accessibility isn’t just good ethics—it’s good business.

    Features of an Accessible Navigation Menu

    To make sure your navigation menu is accessible, you should include several features. These features align with Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG), the go-to standards for web accessibility.

    1. Keyboard Accessibility (WCAG 2.1.1 – Keyboard Accessible):

    Keyboard accessibility is one of the most critical aspects of web accessibility. Some users may not be able to use a mouse due to motor disabilities, repetitive strain injuries, or personal preference. For these users, navigating a website entirely via the keyboard is essential. Here’s how you can make your navigation menu keyboard-friendly:

    • Tab Order: Ensure that users can navigate through all menu items using the Tab key. The order should be logical and follow the visual flow of the website.
    • Enter and Arrow Keys: When a menu item has a dropdown, users should be able to expand or collapse it using the Enter or Arrow keys. Once expanded, users should be able to navigate through the submenu items using the Arrow keys.
    • Focus Management: Users should always know where they are on the page. Make sure that when a user opens a dropdown, the focus shifts to the first item in that dropdown.

    Here’s an example of how you can make a simple navigation menu keyboard accessible:

    <nav>
      <ul>
        <li><a href="#home" tabindex="0">Home</a></li>
        <li><a href="#about" tabindex="0">About</a></li>
        <li><a href="#services" tabindex="0">Services</a></li>
        <li><a href="#contact" tabindex="0">Contact</a></li>
      </ul>
    </nav>

      

    2. Visible Focus Indicator (WCAG 2.4.7 – Focus Visible):

    Focus indicators show users where they are on a webpage when they navigate using a keyboard. Without a visible focus indicator, users can get lost, particularly if they are relying solely on the keyboard. The WCAG guidelines require that the focus indicator be clearly visible when users navigate through menu items.

    Styling Focus Indicators

    Customize the default focus style to make it more visible. You can use CSS to create a more prominent outline or make a background change. For example:

    a:focus {
      outline: 3px solid #ff9800; /* Orange border for focused links */
      background-color: #f0f0f0; /* Light gray background for contrast */
    }

      

    Accessible Color Choices

    Ensure that the color of the focus indicator has enough contrast with the background to be easily noticeable.

    3. ARIA Roles and Attributes (WCAG 4.1.2 – Name, Role, Value):

    ARIA (Accessible Rich Internet Applications) roles and attributes provide extra information to assistive technologies like screen readers, helping users understand the purpose and state of navigation elements. This is especially important for menus that have complex structures, such as dropdowns.

    ARIA Roles

    Use roles like role= “navigation” to indicate the navigation region and role= “menu” or role= “menuitem” to define menus and items within them. For example:

    <nav role="navigation" aria-label="Main Navigation">
      <ul role="menubar">
        <li role="none"><a href="#home" role="menuitem">Home</a></li>
        <li role="none"><a href="#about" role="menuitem">About</a></li>
        <!-- Other menu items -->
      </ul>
    </nav>

    ARIA Attributes for State

    Use aria-expanded to indicate if a dropdown is expanded or collapsed. This helps users who rely on screen readers understand whether they can interact further with the menu item.

    <button aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="submenu">Services</button>
    <ul id="submenu" role="menu">
      <li role="none"><a href="#design" role="menuitem">Design</a></li>
      <li role="none"><a href="#development" role="menuitem">Development</a></li>
    </ul>

    When the button is clicked to expand the menu, JavaScript should change aria-expanded= “true”.

    4. Color Contrast (WCAG 1.4.3 – Contrast (Minimum)):

    Ensuring sufficient color contrast is vital for users with visual impairments, including color blindness. The contrast ratio between the text and its background should be at least 4.5:1 for normal text and 3:1 for large text.

    • Choosing Accessible Colors: Use online tools like the WebAIM Contrast Checker to ensure your menu items meet the WCAG color contrast standards.
    • Avoid Low-Contrast Hover States: While hover effects can be helpful, make sure they don’t reduce the text’s visibility. For example, avoid light text on light backgrounds.

    5. Responsive and Mobile-Friendly Design (WCAG 1.4.10 – Reflow):

    Navigation menus must be accessible across different devices and screen sizes. This is especially important given the widespread use of mobile devices.

    • Responsive Design Techniques: Ensure that the menu collapses into a mobile-friendly version, like a hamburger menu, without losing accessibility features.
    • Mobile Screen Readers: Make sure mobile screen readers can read and navigate the menu. Test with VoiceOver on iOS and TalkBack on Android to ensure compatibility.

    6. Skip Navigation Links (WCAG 2.4.1 – Bypass Blocks):

    A “Skip to Content” link allows users to bypass repetitive navigation links and go straight to the main content. This is crucial for users who rely on keyboard navigation.

    <a href=”#maincontent” class=”skip-link”>Skip to Content</a>

    When the page loads, users can press Tab to immediately focus on this link, skipping the menu altogether.

    7. Clear and Descriptive Labels (WCAG 3.3.2 – Labels or Instructions):

    Menu items should be labeled clearly to describe what users can expect when they click on them. This reduces confusion and ensures all users, including those with cognitive disabilities, can easily navigate the site.

    • Avoid Vague Labels: Instead of “Explore,” use something like “Our Services” to make it clearer what users will find.

    Tips for Creating an Effective Accessibility Navigation Menu

    Creating an accessible navigation menu isn’t just about meeting the guidelines—it’s about creating a better experience for everyone. Here are some tips to help:

    1. Keep it Simple: A clear and straightforward menu structure is easier for all users to navigate.
    2. Use Clear Labels: Avoid jargon and use common terms. For example, instead of “Explore Our Solutions,” just use “Services.”
    3. Include Skip Links: A “Skip to content” link allows keyboard users to skip repetitive navigation links.
    4. Test with Real Users: Get feedback from people with different disabilities to understand how accessible your menu really is.
    5. Provide Descriptive Anchor Text: Use anchor text that tells users where they’re going. For example, use “About Us” instead of “Click Here.”

    Testing for an Accessible Menu

    Once you’ve built your navigation menu, you need to test it for accessibility. Here are a few ways to do that:

    • Keyboard Navigation: Try navigating your site using only the keyboard. Can you access all the menu items? Are dropdowns easy to use?
    • Screen Readers: Use a screen reader like NVDA (NonVisual Desktop Access) or JAWS (Job Access With Speech) to navigate your site. Does the menu make sense when read aloud?
    • Color Contrast Tools: Use color contrast checkers to make sure your text stands out against the background.
    • Real User Testing: Consider asking users with disabilities to test your site and provide feedback on the navigation menu. This real-world input can be invaluable.

    Conclusion

    Creating a web-accessible navigation menu isn’t just about checking a box; it’s about making your website easy for everyone to use. When you improve accessibility, you also boost user experience and even your ROI. By learning about the best practices and challenges of accessible navigation menus, you can make your website more welcoming to all visitors.

    Remember, accessibility is not a one-time fix. It’s important to regularly test and update your navigation menu to keep it user-friendly. If you want to take the next step in making your website more inclusive, consider scheduling an ADA compliance briefing with 216digital. Our team can help you ensure your site is accessible to everyone.

    Greg McNeil

    August 30, 2024
    How-to Guides
    digital accessibility, How-to, navigation menu, Web Accessibility, web development
  • Understanding HB 21-1110: Colorado’s Web Accessibility Law

    Colorado has always been a leader in creating inclusive policies, and it was one of the first states to make web accessibility a law.

    On July 1, 2021, House Bill 21-1110 was passed, outlining clear steps for state agencies and other organizations to ensure their websites and communication platforms are accessible to everyone.

    So, what does this mean for you? How can you tell if this law affects you? And what does it mean to meet WCAG 2.1 at Level AA?

    Understanding these questions is important—not just because it’s a legal requirement, but also to make sure everyone, including people with disabilities, can access digital content. This guide will explain everything you need to know about complying with HB 21-1110 and making your digital content accessible.

    What is House Bill 21-1110?

    House Bill 21-1110 is a major law in Colorado that requires all state and local government websites to follow digital accessibility standards. Signed by Governor Jared Polis on June 30, 2021, this bill builds on the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and gives the Chief Information Officer (CIO) of the Office of Information Technology (OIT) a key role in making sure these standards are met.

    One of the biggest changes with this bill is that people can now file accessibility lawsuits not only in federal courts but also in state courts. This means more opportunities to challenge government websites that aren’t meeting accessibility standards.

    The Deadline for Compliance

    House Bill 21-1110 set a deadline of July 1, 2024, for all state and local government websites in Colorado to meet WCAG 2.1 Level AA standards for digital accessibility. The CIO is responsible for creating guidelines based on the latest Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG).

    If government agencies don’t meet these standards by the deadline, they could face legal action from individuals with disabilities who can now file suits directly in Colorado state courts. This bill impacts over 4,000 local government entities in Colorado, pushing them to make web accessibility a priority.

    Extension Grant Introduced in May 2024

    In May 2024, Colorado introduced an extension for some government entities that might not meet the July deadline. These agencies could extend their compliance deadline until July 2025, but they had to show a good-faith effort toward meeting digital accessibility standards by July 19, 2024. This includes:

    • Creating a detailed progress report on their websites and updating it quarterly.
    • Providing an easy-to-find way for visitors to report accessibility issues, with clear contact information on public-facing pages.

    Who Does HB 21-1110 Apply To?

    HB 21-1110 applies to all state and local government entities in Colorado, including:

    • State agencies
    • Local governments (cities and counties)
    • Content owners managing government websites

    Any public entity providing digital services or information must comply, ensuring that people with disabilities can access government resources.

    What About Non-Government Entities?

    Currently, HB 21-1110 only applies to government websites. However, if you run a private business, you may still need to follow the ADA. Many U.S. courts apply the ADA to websites and use WCAG as the standard for web accessibility. It’s a good idea to make sure your site is accessible.

    How Can You Know if Your Website is Compliant with HB 21-1110?

    To comply with HB 21-1110, websites need to be audited for digital accessibility. This means checking the site’s content, structure, and design against WCAG 2.1 Level AA standards. While automated tools can help, it’s best to work with digital accessibility experts who can catch issues automated tools might miss, like keyboard navigation or color contrast problems.

    After the audit, you’ll need to make updates, such as adding alt text to images, captioning videos, improving content structure, and enhancing form navigation.

    Steps to Ensure HB 21-1110 Compliance

    Here’s a simple guide to help you comply with House Bill 21-1110:

    1. Conduct a Website Audit: Check your site against WCAG 2.1 Level AA standards, focusing on readability, navigation, and multimedia accessibility. Consulting with a specialist firm like 216digital to conduct a thorough audit can also be a wise investment.
    2. Develop a Remediation Plan: Create a plan based on your audit to address the most pressing accessibility issues.
    3. Make Necessary Updates: Work with a web development team or hire accessibility experts to implement fixes like adding alt text or improving keyboard navigation.
    4. Test for Compliance: After updates, test your site again to ensure it meets the standards. It’s also helpful to get feedback from users with disabilities.
    5. Monitor Accessibility Regularly: Keep auditing your site as you add new content or make changes to ensure continued compliance. 216digital’s a11y. Radar service provides ongoing monitoring of your website or app to detect any new accessibility issues that may arise over time. This proactive approach helps prevent potential violations before they lead to costly lawsuits.
    6. Train Your Staff: Ensure your team understands how to create accessible content, such as writing proper alt text and making PDFs accessible.

    What Are the Consequences of Non-Compliance?

    If a government entity doesn’t meet the OIT’s digital accessibility standards, it could face:

    • Court orders
    • Monetary damages
    • Fines of $3,500 per violation
    • Loss of funding
    • Public backlash

    To avoid these penalties, it’s crucial to take action now. If you haven’t started working toward compliance, now is the time to focus on digital accessibility.

    Conclusion

    While House Bill 21-1110 currently applies only to state and local governments, private businesses should be proactive about preparing for future changes in digital accessibility requirements. If your business falls under Title III, now is a great time to schedule an ADA briefing with 216digital. Staying ahead of digital accessibility standards will help protect your business and ensure your website is accessible to all. Don’t wait Don’the laws to catch up—start planning today!

    Kayla Laganiere

    August 29, 2024
    Legal Compliance
    digital accessibility, HB 21-1110, House Bill 21-1110, Web Accessibility
  • Senators Push for Section 508 Update

    In recent news, U.S. senators have advocated for an update to Section 508, a vital law ensuring federal websites and digital resources are accessible to all individuals, particularly those with disabilities. But why does this matter to you as a website owner, developer, or content creator? Let’s break down what Section 508 is, why web ADA compliance matters, and how an update could reshape the digital accessibility landscape.

    What is Section 508?

    Section 508, part of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, is a law focused on barriers for people with disabilities. In 1998, when the internet became crucial in everyday life, Section 508 was updated to require federal government entities to make their digital services accessible to people with disabilities. Section 508 guides everything from websites and apps to PDFs and videos.

    At its core, Section 508 ensures that government websites and digital content are navigable and usable for individuals with disabilities. Some examples of accessibility improvements are implementing features like screen readers for visually impaired users, captioning for those with hearing impairments, or ensuring that people with motor disabilities can navigate websites using only a keyboard.

    Check out our article “A Closer Look at Section 508” for more info on Section 508.

    What is Web ADA Compliance?

    While Section 508 applies specifically to federal agencies, it overlaps with the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), particularly when it comes to website accessibility. The ADA, enacted in 1990, requires public accommodations (including businesses and organizations) to be accessible to people with disabilities. Although the ADA doesn’t mention websites, courts have increasingly interpreted its provisions to apply to the digital world.

    Now, let’s introduce web ADA compliance. Website owners, especially businesses, are increasingly expected to ensure their digital spaces are as accessible as their physical ones. Some examples of accessibility improvements include ensuring websites meet specific standards, such as providing text descriptions for images (alt text), creating keyboard-friendly navigation, and ensuring that users can zoom in on text without losing content functionality.

    If your website isn’t compliant, you may be at risk of legal action, not to mention alienating potential customers or clients who are unable to access your site.

    Why the Push for an Update to Section 508?

    The internet and technology have evolved significantly since 1998, and while Section 508 has received updates over the years, many argue that it still falls short when ensuring comprehensive digital accessibility. A U.S. Government Accountability Office report found that 48% of federal websites still fail to meet basic accessibility standards.

    This failure highlights the growing need for more robust, precise guidelines reflecting the rapidly changing digital landscape. U.S. Senators Bob Casey (D-PA), Chairman of the U.S. Senate Special Committee on Aging, Ron Wyden (D-OR), Chairman of the U.S. Senate Finance Committee, John Fetterman (D-PA), and Tammy Duckworth (D-IL) are advocating for an update to Section 508. They are pushing for modernized standards that consider the latest web technologies and accessibility tools in the Section 508 Refresh Act.

    For example, the original guidelines didn’t account for mobile devices or advanced multimedia content, now everyday parts of online experiences. By updating Section 508, the government hopes to set a more potent example for digital accessibility that private sector websites can follow.

    Section 508 Refresh Act Proposed Updates

    The Section 508 Refresh Act will bring much-needed updates to the law. Here’s what the bill will do:

    • Involve People with Disabilities: Federal departments and agencies will now have to include people with disabilities—both as users of government services and information, and as government employees—in the process of acquiring and testing federal technology for accessibility.
    • Improve the Complaint Process: The act will reform how complaints under Section 508 are handled and set up a new process for deciding which federal technology gets purchased, with strict accountability to ensure the technology is accessible.
    • Require Regular Testing: Federal departments and agencies will need to regularly test their technology to make sure it’s accessible to both federal workers and all Americans who use federal programs and information.
    • Appoint Compliance Officers: Each federal department and agency will be required to have qualified, dedicated Section 508 compliance officers to ensure the technology they buy and use is accessible.

    How Does Section 508 Affect Your Website?

    Although Section 508 primarily applies to federal agencies, its standards can serve as a guideline for businesses and organizations striving to meet web ADA compliance. Here’s how the push for a Section 508 update could affect website owners like you:

    Rising Accessibility Expectations

    The conversation around digital accessibility is growing, and consumers are becoming more educated about their rights. A more substantial Section 508 could raise the bar for accessibility standards, creating a ripple effect in the private sector. While your business may not be legally bound by Section 508, failing to meet modern accessibility standards can cause a loss of revenue and costly legal engagements.

    Avoiding Legal Risks

    Over the past few years, ADA-related website lawsuits have increased. Big and small businesses have received expensive lawsuits for not providing accessible websites. An update to Section 508 could bring more attention to web ADA compliance, meaning your business might face heightened scrutiny. To protect yourself, it’s a good idea to stay ahead of any legal requirements by ensuring your website is accessible to all. 216digital offers complimentary ADA risk assessments.

    Improving Usability for All Users

    Let’s face it: accessibility isn’t just about meeting legal standards. It’s about making your website better for everyone. When your website is accessible, it’s easier to navigate, more user-friendly, and more likely to attract a wider audience. An update to Section 508 could bring more explicit guidelines and tools that can help website owners like you make necessary improvements to usability.

    What Does Digital Accessibility Look Like?

    Now that you understand why the push for a Section 508 update is essential let’s dive into what digital accessibility looks like. Ensuring your website is accessible means implementing changes that benefit users with disabilities, including those who are blind, deaf, or have mobility impairments. However, these changes often improve the experience for all users.

    Here are a few key accessibility features to consider for your website:

    Alt Text for Images

    People using screen readers rely on descriptive text for images to understand the content on the page. Someone visually impaired would only know what the image is about with alt text. Adding alt text for images isn’t just a best practice for accessibility—it’s also good for SEO, helping your images rank better in search engines.

    Keyboard Navigation

    Not all users can use a mouse. Many people with mobility impairments rely on keyboard navigation to move through websites. Testing for keyboard navigability (with features like tabbing and clear focus indicators) is critical for accessibility.

    Captioning for Videos

    People who are deaf or hard of hearing rely on captions to understand video content. Providing captions for all videos on your site is a must for web ADA compliance. Fortunately, many video platforms, like YouTube, offer automated captioning services that you can edit to improve accuracy.

    Text Resizing

    For users with low vision, being able to zoom in on text is essential. Test your site by zooming pages to 200% and ensure your content adjusts accordingly without breaking the layout. Text resizing is especially important for mobile users who often zoom in to read content on small screens.

    Readable Fonts and Colors

    Some users need help with reading specific fonts or color combinations. Use simple, easy-to-read fonts and ensure adequate contrast between text and background colors. Contrast improvements will help users with vision impairments and make your website more accessible to read for everyone.

    What Can You Do as a Website Owner?

    With all this in mind, what steps can you take to ensure your website meets digital accessibility standards and remains web ADA compliant?

    Run an Accessibility Audit

    Several online tools, such as 216digital’s Accessibility Radar, can help you identify accessibility issues on your website. By running an audit, you’ll see where your site falls short and what areas need improvement.

    Learn About WCAG

    The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) is the gold standard for digital accessibility. Familiarizing yourself with WCAG 2.2, the latest version, can be a guideline for site improvements. These guidelines cover everything from text alternatives for non-text content to ensuring your site is compatible with assistive technologies.

    Work with an Accessibility Expert

    If you’re unsure how to start or need help making significant changes, consider hiring an accessibility experts like 216digital. They can help ensure your website meets Section 508 and web ADA compliance standards, reducing your risk of legal issues and improving your overall user experience.

    Regularly Update Your Site

    Web accessibility requires ongoing maintenance. As your site grows and changes, continually check for accessibility issues. Whether adding new content, launching a redesign, or building new features, accessibility should always be a priority.

    Stay Ahead of the Game

    With senators pushing for an update to Section 508, there’s never been a better time to focus on digital accessibility. Not only will improving your website’s accessibility help you avoid legal risks, but it will also create a better experience for all users. Staying on top of accessibility trends and best practices is essential for any website owner, developer, or content creator. So take the time now to ensure your site is accessible—it’s not just the right thing to do; it’s good business.

    Schedule a complimentary ADA Strategy Briefing to talk with one of our accessibility experts and take the next step with confidence into web accessibility.

    Greg McNeil

    August 28, 2024
    Legal Compliance
    digital accessibility, Section 508, Web Accessibility, web compliance, Website Accessibility
  • Does WCAG Apply to Mobile Apps?

    Does WCAG Apply to Mobile Apps?

    If you’re a website owner or app developer, you’ve probably heard about WCAG (Web Content Accessibility Guidelines). But when it comes to mobile apps, you might wonder: Does WCAG apply here too? The short answer is yes! WCAG isn’t just for websites—it extends to mobile apps as well. Let’s dive into why WCAG is important for mobile apps, what it means for accessibility, and how to ensure your app meets these guidelines.

    What is WCAG, and Why Does it Matter?

    WCAG, developed by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), provides guidelines to make web content more accessible for everyone, particularly people with disabilities. These guidelines help ensure that users with visual, auditory, motor, or cognitive impairments can interact with websites—and, as it turns out, mobile apps—with ease.

    When WCAG was first introduced, it focused on websites, but as technology evolved, so did our understanding of accessibility. With the rise of mobile apps, it’s clear that WCAG also applies to them. Whether you’re building an e-commerce app, a social media platform, or a mobile version of your website, adhering to WCAG is crucial for staying compliant with accessibility standards and avoiding legal issues.

    Does WCAG Apply to Mobile Apps?

    Yes, WCAG applies to mobile apps. While WCAG wasn’t initially designed with mobile apps in mind, its principles are just as relevant in the mobile space. The guidelines are technology-agnostic, meaning they can be applied to any digital content, including mobile apps.

    Mobile apps, like websites, must be accessible to everyone, and the same types of barriers that exist on websites—like unreadable text, poor color contrast, or unclear navigation—can also affect mobile apps. That’s why WCAG compliance is essential for mobile app development. Not only does it help create a better user experience for people with disabilities, but it also ensures that your app is legally compliant.

    The Growing Importance of Mobile Accessibility

    Mobile devices have become an essential part of our daily lives, with more people accessing information and services via apps than ever before. This makes it even more important to ensure that mobile apps are accessible. In fact, a significant portion of users rely on mobile devices as their primary way of accessing the internet, including people with disabilities. Ensuring your app meets accessibility standards isn’t just good practice; it’s a way to reach a broader audience.

    Failing to consider accessibility in mobile apps can result in lost users, bad reviews, and even legal consequences. There have been several lawsuits filed in the U.S. where businesses were held accountable for not providing accessible mobile experiences. By following WCAG, you reduce the risk of these issues and open your app to a more diverse audience.

    How WCAG Applies to Mobile Apps

    WCAG guidelines revolve around four core principles: Perceivable, Operable, Understandable, and Robust (often abbreviated as POUR). These principles are crucial when designing both websites and mobile apps.

    1. Perceivable: Information and user interface components must be presented in ways that users can perceive. For mobile apps, this means ensuring that text is readable, images are described through alt text, and media elements are captioned or have transcripts available.
    2. Operable: Users must be able to interact with all interface elements using various input methods, such as screen readers or voice commands. In mobile apps, this could include ensuring that buttons are large enough to be tapped easily and that the app works with assistive technologies like voice control or switch access.
    3. Understandable: The interface must be easy to understand and navigate. This is especially important for mobile apps, where the small screen size can make navigation more difficult. Make sure that users can easily understand how to use your app, with clear instructions and intuitive design elements.
    4. Robust: The app must be compatible with current and future technologies. This includes ensuring that your app works well across different devices, platforms, and with assistive technologies.

    Mobile App Accessibility Checklist

    Now that we’ve established that WCAG does apply to mobile apps, how do you ensure that your app is compliant? Here’s a mobile app accessibility checklist to get you started:

    Text and Readability

    1. Text Resizing: Make sure your text can get bigger without messing up the layout. This is part of WCAG 1.4.4 (Resize Text), which means users should be able to increase text size up to 200% without losing content or functionality.
    2. High Contrast: Use colors that are easy to read against each other, like dark text on a light background. This helps everyone, including those with vision problems. WCAG 1.4.3 (Contrast Ratio) suggests a contrast ratio of at least 4.5:1 for normal text and 3:1 for larger text.
    3. Alternative Text: Always include a description for images, icons, and buttons. This helps screen readers explain what’s on the screen to people who can’t see the images. This follows WCAG 1.1.1 (Non-Text Content).

    Keyboard and Assistive Technology Compatibility

    1. Keyboard Accessibility: Make sure all parts of your app can be used with just a keyboard. This is covered by WCAG 2.1.1 (Keyboard), ensuring that users who can’t use a mouse can still navigate your app.
    2. Assistive Technology: Check that your app works well with tools like screen readers, voice controls, and switches. This is important for WCAG 4.1.2 (Name, Role, Value), which ensures that assistive technologies can interpret user interface elements.
    3. Screen Reader Testing: Test your app with popular screen readers like VoiceOver (for iPhones) and TalkBack (for Android phones) to make sure they work well together.

    Navigation and Interaction

    1. Consistent Navigation: Keep navigation easy and the same across different screens. This is part of WCAG 3.2.3 (Consistent Navigation), which helps users get around without getting lost.
    2. Touch Targets: Make sure buttons and icons are big enough for everyone to tap easily. WCAG 2.5.5 (Target Size) recommends making touch targets at least 44×44 pixels.
    3. Simple Gestures: Avoid using complex gestures like multi-finger swipes without offering simpler options. WCAG 2.5.1 (Pointer Gestures) suggests providing alternatives for complex gestures.

    Audio and Video Content

    1. Captions: Add captions to all your videos so people who can’t hear well can still understand what’s being said. This is part of WCAG 1.2.2 (Captions (Pre-recorded)).
    2. Transcripts: Include transcripts for audio content and podcasts. This is a text version of the audio that helps people who are deaf or hard of hearing, covered by WCAG 1.2.1 (Audio-only and Video-only (Prerecorded)).
    3. Playback Controls: Let users control the audio playback, including volume and speed, and make sure they can pause or stop it. This aligns with WCAG 1.4.2 (Audio Control).

    Color and Contrast

    1. Color Contrast: Ensure there’s a strong contrast between text and background colors to help users with color blindness or vision problems. Aim for a contrast ratio of at least 4.5:1 for regular text and 3:1 for large text, as recommended by WCAG 1.4.3 (Contrast Ratio).
    2. Avoid Color Alone: Don’t use color as the only way to show important info. For example, if you use red to highlight an error, also include text to explain it. This follows WCAG 1.4.1 (Use of Color).

    Error Identification and Recovery

    1. Error Highlighting: Clearly show when something goes wrong, like a missing form field, and give tips on how to fix it. This is part of WCAG 3.3.1 (Error Identification) and 3.3.3 (Error Suggestion).
    2. Clear Error Messages: Make sure error messages are easy to understand, not full of technical jargon. This helps users fix mistakes, as outlined in WCAG 3.3.3 (Error Suggestion).
    3. Easy Recovery: Allow users to fix mistakes without starting over. For example, let them undo actions or correct errors easily. This is covered by WCAG 3.3.4 (Error Prevention (Legal, Financial, Data)).

    Test with Real Users

    1. User Testing: Even if you follow all the WCAG guidelines, it’s crucial to test your app with real users who use assistive technologies. Their feedback is invaluable for ensuring your app is truly accessible.
    2. Keep Improving: Use feedback from user testing to make your app better. Keep updating and checking your app to make sure it stays accessible as you add new features.

    The Benefits of Accessible Mobile Apps

    Making your mobile app accessible is not just about complying with regulations—it’s about providing a better user experience for everyone. Here are some key benefits:

    • Wider Audience: Accessible apps reach a broader audience, including users with disabilities who may not be able to use apps that don’t meet WCAG guidelines.
    • Improved Usability: Many accessibility improvements, like clearer navigation and larger touch targets, make your app easier to use for all users, not just those with disabilities.
    • Avoiding Legal Risk: Compliance with WCAG helps you stay on the right side of web compliance laws, reducing the risk of lawsuits related to accessibility.
    • Better Reputation: Being proactive about accessibility can enhance your brand’s reputation and show your commitment to inclusivity.

    Final Thoughts

    In the digital age, mobile apps are a key part of how we interact with the world, and making sure they’re accessible is crucial for providing an inclusive experience. WCAG does apply to mobile apps, and by following the guidelines, you can create apps that are usable by everyone, regardless of their abilities. Whether you’re just starting out or you’re improving an existing app, using the mobile app accessibility checklist can help ensure that your app is WCAG-compliant and ready to serve all users.

    Remember, accessibility isn’t just about following the law—it’s about doing the right thing for your users and your business. To learn more about becoming accessible and staying compliant, schedule an ADA briefing with 216digital today. We’re here to help you take the next steps!

    Greg McNeil

    August 27, 2024
    WCAG Compliance
    digital accessibility, mobile apps, WCAG, WCAG Compliance, Web Accessibility
  • Understanding the Limitations for Unruh Act

    Understanding the Limitations for Unruh Act

    The Unruh Civil Rights Act (Unruh Act) is a critical piece of California legislation that ensures everyone is entitled to full and equal accommodations, advantages, facilities, privileges, or services in all business establishments. Initially passed in 1959, it is a cornerstone of California’s commitment to prohibiting discrimination based on sex, race, color, religion, ancestry, national origin, disability, medical condition, genetic information, marital status, or sexual orientation.

    With the increasing number of online transactions and the expansion of e-commerce, there has been a notable rise in Unruh Act claims related to web accessibility, making it more important than ever for businesses to understand their legal obligations.

    Expansion to Online Businesses

    While the act initially focused on physical spaces like hotels, restaurants, and stores, its application has expanded to cover online businesses. Many online businesses, particularly those that have recently moved into the digital space, may not fully realize that their websites and apps are considered ‘places of public accommodation’ under the Unruh Act. This oversight can lead to unintentional violations and subsequent legal action.

    Common Scenarios for Unruh Act Claims

    Businesses that fail to comply with the Unruh Act can face serious legal consequences. The act allows individuals who have experienced discrimination to file lawsuits against offending businesses. In recent years, one of the most prominent areas of litigation under the Unruh Act has been web accessibility. Here’s a closer look at a landmark case:

    Robles v. Domino’s Pizza

    One of the most notable cases involving the Unruh Act is Robles v. Domino’s Pizza. In this case, Guillermo Robles, a blind man, sued Domino’s Pizza, claiming that the company’s website and mobile app were inaccessible to visually impaired users who rely on screen readers. Robles argued that this lack of accessibility violated both the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and the Unruh Act.

    The case eventually made its way to the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals, which ruled in favor of Robles. The court affirmed that websites and mobile apps are considered places of public accommodation under both the ADA and the Unruh Act.

    The Robles case has set a significant precedent, leading to increased scrutiny of businesses’ digital accessibility efforts. Since this ruling, numerous lawsuits have been filed against companies that fail to provide accessible online services, highlighting the importance of proactive compliance.

    Statute of Limitations for Unruh Act Claims

    In legal terms, the statute of limitations is a set period during which a person must file a lawsuit or claim after an event occurs. It helps protect both sides: the person bringing the case (plaintiff) and the person being sued (defendant). This time limit ensures that cases are addressed in a reasonable amount of time and prevents legal actions from dragging on forever.

    Timeframes for Filing Claims

    In California, the timeframe for filing a claim under the Unruh Act depends on how the claim is handled.

    • Through the California Civil Rights Department (CRD): If a plaintiff wants to file a claim through the CRD, they must do so within one year from the date of the alleged discrimination.
    • Privately: If the claim is filed privately, not through the CRD, the timeframe extends to two years from the date of the discriminatory act.

    Consequences of Missing the Deadline

    Missing the statute of limitations for an Unruh Act claim can have significant consequences. For plaintiffs, it means the loss of the opportunity to seek compensation for the harm they have suffered. This could include financial damages and the chance to force a business to change its discriminatory practices.

    Missing the deadline does not absolve businesses of the underlying issue. While they may avoid a particular lawsuit, the continued failure to comply with the Unruh Act leaves them vulnerable to future claims. Moreover, the reputational damage associated with non-compliance can negatively impact customer trust and loyalty.

    It’s also worth noting that businesses that repeatedly fail to comply with the Unruh Act may become targets for serial litigants—individuals who seek out violations specifically to file lawsuits. This can result in multiple lawsuits, leading to substantial legal fees, settlements, and other costs.

    Protecting Your Online Business

    Given the complexities and potential risks associated with the Unruh Act, online businesses must take proactive steps to ensure compliance. This is where partnering with a knowledgeable and experienced firm like 216digital can make a significant difference.

    216digital’s Accessibility Services

    At 216digital, we specialize in web accessibility and compliance services designed to protect businesses from the legal risks associated with the Unruh Act and other similar regulations. Our comprehensive approach includes:

    • Accessibility Audits: We conduct thorough accessibility audits of your website or app to identify potential issues that could lead to Unruh Act claims. Our audits cover both automated and manual testing methods to ensure that all aspects of accessibility are addressed.
    • Remediation Services: Once issues are identified, we provide expert remediation services to bring your digital properties into compliance. This includes making necessary code changes, optimizing for assistive technologies, and ensuring all content is accessible.
    • Ongoing Monitoring: Compliance is not a one-time task with 216digital’s a11y.Radar service provides ongoing monitoring of your website or app to detect any new accessibility issues that may arise over time. This proactive approach helps prevent potential violations before they lead to costly lawsuits.
    • Consulting and Training: We offer consulting services to help your team understand the requirements of the Unruh Act and other accessibility laws. Additionally, we provide training to ensure your team maintains compliance as you update and expand your digital presence.

    By partnering with 216digital, you can protect your business from the risks of Unruh Act claims and demonstrate your commitment to inclusivity and accessibility, which can enhance your brand reputation and customer loyalty.

    Wrapping Up

    The Unruh Civil Rights Act is a powerful tool for protecting the rights of individuals in California, and its application to online businesses underscores the importance of web accessibility. Understanding the limitations of the Unruh Act, including the statute of limitations for filing claims, is essential for both individuals seeking to enforce their rights and businesses aiming to avoid legal pitfalls.

    For businesses, the best defense against Unruh Act claims is a proactive approach to web accessibility. By working with an expert partner like 216digital, you can ensure that your online presence fully complies with the law, protecting your business from legal risks while enhancing the user experience for all visitors.

    Greg McNeil

    August 26, 2024
    Legal Compliance
    digital accessibility, Unruh Act, Unruh Civil Rights Act, Web Accessibility, Website Accessibility
  • Digital Accessibility: Efficiency & ROI Tips

    Digital Accessibility: Efficiency & ROI Tips

    When you think about digital accessibility, what comes to mind? For many website owners and content creators, it might feel like another box to check or a task that’s too complicated to tackle without a big team and a bigger budget. But here’s the thing: making your website accessible doesn’t have to be overwhelming, and it certainly doesn’t have to break the bank. In fact, when done right, digital accessibility can offer a significant return on investment (ROI) while helping you do more with less.

    Why Efficiency Matters in Digital Accessibility

    Let’s start with why efficiency is so crucial. The digital landscape is ever-evolving, and keeping up with accessibility standards can feel like trying to hit a moving target. But efficiency isn’t just about working faster; it’s about working smarter. When approaching accessibility efficiently, you streamline your processes, prioritize what matters most, and maximize your resources.

    Here’s why efficiency should be at the heart of your accessibility strategy:

    1. Save Time and Resources: Time is money, and when you work efficiently, you save both. By focusing on high-impact areas first and using the right tools, you can make meaningful progress without wasting time on tasks that offer little value.
    2. Ensure Ongoing Web Compliance: Digital accessibility isn’t a one-time fix; it’s an ongoing commitment. An efficient approach helps you maintain compliance with laws like the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and stay ahead of any changes in regulations.
    3. Enhance User Experience: Accessibility isn’t just about checking off boxes; it’s about creating a better experience for all users. When your website is accessible, it’s easier to navigate, more user-friendly, and ultimately, more engaging.

    How to Accomplish More with Less in Digital Accessibility

    So, how can your team achieve efficiency in digital accessibility? It starts with a strategic approach that leverages the right tools and focuses on what really matters. Here are some tips to help you do more with less:

    1. Prioritize the Big Wins: Not all accessibility issues are created equal. Focus on fixing the most critical problems first—those that affect the largest number of users or that are legally required. By prioritizing these big wins, you can make a significant impact quickly.
    2. Automate Where Possible: Automation is your friend when it comes to digital accessibility. Use automated tools to handle repetitive tasks like scanning your website for common accessibility issues. This frees up your team to focus on more complex tasks that require human judgment and creativity.
    3. Standardize and Reuse Components: If your website uses consistent design patterns or templates, make sure these are accessible from the start. By creating standardized, reusable components that are already accessible, you reduce the need for rework and ensure new content is compliant from the get-go.
    4. Keep Your Team Educated: Accessibility is a team effort. Make sure everyone involved in your website—from designers to developers to content creators—understands the basics of digital accessibility. This way, accessibility becomes part of your team’s workflow, not an afterthought.
    5. Monitor and Adapt: Accessibility isn’t static. Regularly monitor your website to ensure it remains compliant and accessible. Stay updated on changes in accessibility standards and be ready to adapt your approach as needed.

    Accelerate Accessibility with an Expert Partner

    Even with the best strategies in place, tackling digital accessibility on your own can still be a challenge. That’s where an expert partner like 216digital comes in. By working with a team that specializes in web accessibility, you can accelerate your efforts, achieve better results, and ensure long-term success.

    Here’s how an expert partner can help:

    1. Tailored Solutions: Every website is different, and a one-size-fits-all approach to accessibility won’t cut it. 216digital offers customized solutions that address your specific needs, ensuring you’re focusing your efforts where they’ll have the most impact.
    2. Experience and Expertise: Accessibility experts bring a wealth of knowledge and experience to the table. They can help you navigate the complexities of web compliance, from understanding the latest guidelines to implementing the most effective strategies.
    3. Ongoing Support and Monitoring: Accessibility isn’t something you can set and forget. With ongoing support from an expert partner, you can stay on top of accessibility issues and ensure your website remains accessible over time. 216digital’s services, like their a11y.Radar monitoring service, offer continuous oversight, helping you maintain accessibility and avoid legal pitfalls.
    4. Risk Mitigation: Proactively addressing accessibility issues reduces the risk of facing costly lawsuits. By partnering with experts who understand the legal landscape, you can protect your business while creating a more inclusive online presence.

    The ROI of Digital Accessibility

    So, what’s the return on investment for all this effort? The truth is that the benefits of digital accessibility go far beyond just avoiding legal trouble. Here’s how investing in accessibility can pay off:

    1. Reach a Broader Audience: Making your website accessible means opening it up to everyone, including people with disabilities. This expands your potential audience, leading to more traffic, engagement, and conversions.
    2. Enhance Your Brand Reputation: Companies that prioritize accessibility are seen as more inclusive and socially responsible. This not only enhances your brand’s reputation but also builds trust with your audience, leading to increased loyalty and customer retention.
    3. Improve SEO: Accessible websites are often better optimized for search engines. By making your site easier to navigate and more user-friendly, you can improve your search rankings and attract more visitors.
    4. Reduce Costs: Addressing accessibility issues early on—or even better, from the start—saves you money in the long run. You avoid the need for costly retrofits and minimize the risk of legal fees from potential lawsuits.
    5. Future-Proof Your Website: As technology evolves, so do accessibility standards. By investing in accessibility now, you’re future-proofing your website, ensuring it remains relevant and compliant as new technologies and regulations emerge.

    Boost Your RIO with 216digital

    Digital accessibility isn’t just a legal requirement; it’s a smart business move with a substantial return on investment. By focusing on efficiency, leveraging the right tools, and partnering with experts like 216digital, you can make your website accessible to all users while maximizing your resources and boosting your bottom line.

    Don’t wait until you’re facing a lawsuit or losing customers to start thinking about accessibility. Take a proactive approach now and set up a briefing with 216digital to ensure your website is fully compliant and optimized for all users.  Scheduling an ADA briefing today and start reaping the benefits of a more inclusive, user-friendly website. Your users—and your ROI—will thank you.

    Greg McNeil

    August 23, 2024
    The Benefits of Web Accessibility
    Benefits of Web Accessibility, digital accessibility, ROI, Web Accessibility, Website Accessibility
  • Top 9 Web Accessibility Issues and Fixes

    Imagine trying to explore a website but not being able to get the information you need because the site wasn’t made with you in mind. For many people with disabilities, this is a frustrating reality.

    Web accessibility isn’t just a technical requirement—it’s about making sure everyone can use your website. Whether you’re a developer, IT director, or content manager, making your website accessible is essential. By fixing common accessibility problems, you not only meet legal standards but also make your site better for everyone.

    Let’s dive into the top 10 web accessibility issues and how to fix them.

    1. Missing Alt Text for Images

    Alt text, or alternative text, is a brief description added to images on a website. It helps people who can’t see the images understand what they are about, as the alt text is read aloud by screen readers or displayed if the image doesn’t load. When alt text is missing, people with visual impairments miss out on important information, making the website less accessible. This can lead to frustration for users and might even cause legal issues, as websites are expected to be accessible to everyone.

    According to WCAG 2.1 SC 1.1.1 (Non-text Content), all non-text content, like images, needs a text alternative that serves the same purpose or provides the same information.

    How to Fix:

    • Add Descriptive Alt Text: For each image, write meaningful alt text that clearly describes what it’s showing or its purpose. For example, instead of just saying “Image of a dog,” say “Golden Retriever playing in a park.”
    • Use Empty Alt Attributes for Decorative Images: If an image is just decorative, use an empty alt attribute (alt=””). This way, screen readers skip over these images, making navigation easier for users.
    • Review and Update Regularly: Regularly check your alt text to make sure it’s still relevant, especially if you update the images or content on your site.

    For more information about Alt text for images, check out our article Understanding Image Alt Text Descriptions.

    2. Web Accessible Forms

    Forms that are not web accessible can be a big problem for people with disabilities. When forms are not designed with web accessibility in mind, they may be hard to understand or use with assistive technologies like screen readers. For example, if a form doesn’t have clear labels or instructions, someone using a screen reader might not know what information to put in the fields. This can make it difficult or even impossible for them to complete the form.

    WCAG 2.1 SC 1.3.1 (Info and Relationships)requires that the information and relationships between form elements be clear and properly coded so that assistive technologies can read and interpret them correctly.

    How to Fix:

    • Label Form Elements Clearly: Use the <label> tag to connect labels with each form field. This helps screen readers explain each field’s purpose. For example, use <label for=”email”>Email Address</label> with <input type=”email” id=”email”>.
    • Provide Accessible Error Messages: Make sure error messages are clear and easy to understand. Use ARIA attributes like aria-live to alert users to errors and make sure screen readers can easily read the messages.
    • Include Clear Instructions: Give clear instructions for filling out the form, especially for fields with specific requirements like date format or password criteria.

    3. Poor Color Contrast

    Low color contrast between text and background can make content hard to read, especially for users with visual impairments or color blindness. For example, light gray text on a white background is hard for many users to see.

    WCAG SC 1.4.3 (Contrast – Minimum) requires a contrast ratio of at least 4.5:1 for normal text and 3:1 for large text to meet web accessibility standards.

    How to Fix Color Contrast:

    • Check Contrast Ratios: Use online tools like WebAIM’s Contrast Checker to make sure the color contrast between text and background meets accessibility guidelines. Aim for a contrast ratio of at least 4.5:1 for normal text and 3:1 for large text.

    4. Missing Keyboard Navigation

    Web keyboard navigation is a way for people to use a website just by pressing keys on their keyboard, instead of using a mouse. This is important for people who can’t use a mouse, like those with certain disabilities.

    When a website doesn’t support keyboard navigation, it means that users who rely on keyboards might not be able to access all parts of the site. This is a problem because it makes the website more challenging to use for people with disabilities.

    According to WCAG SC 2.1.1 Keyboard, websites need to be fully navigable using just a keyboard. This means that all buttons, links, and forms should be reachable and usable without a mouse. If a site doesn’t meet this standard, it can exclude many users and make it less accessible.

    How to Fix:

    • Enable Keyboard Navigation: Ensure that all interactive elements, such as links, buttons, and menus, can be accessed using only a keyboard. This includes allowing users to tab through items and activate them using the Enter or Space keys.
    • Implement Proper Tab Order: Use the tabindex attribute to manage the order in which elements receive focus when tabbing. Avoid skipping focusable elements or creating confusing navigation paths.
    • Use Focus Management: When interactive elements like modal dialogs or dropdown menus open, move the focus to the first interactive element within the component, and return it to the triggering element when the component closes.

    5. Video and Audio Captions

    Videos and audio content that lack captions or transcripts are inaccessible to users who are deaf or hard of hearing. Without captions or transcripts, these users miss out on the audio information provided in multimedia content.

    WCAG SC 1.2.2 Captions (Pre-recorded) mandates that videos and audio content include captions to assist users who are deaf or hard of hearing. Without captions, these users may miss crucial information, making it more challenging for them to grasp or engage with the content fully.

    How to Fix:

    • Provide Captions: Make sure your videos include captions that match what people say. Start with tools like YouTube’s automatic captions, but edit them manually to ensure accuracy.
    • Create Transcripts: Give users transcripts for your audio content. A transcript is a written version of what’s said in a video or audio file, including important sounds. Users can read these transcripts or use them with text-to-speech tools.
    • Make Captions and Transcripts Available: Allow users to turn captions on or off and offer transcripts for download. This gives people the choice to use captions or read the text in a way that works best for them.

    6. Missing Skip Links

    Web accessible skip links are special links on a website that let people quickly jump past repetitive content, like navigation menus, to get to the main part of the page. This is especially helpful for people using screen readers or keyboard navigation.

    If a website is missing these skip links, it can make it much harder for users to navigate, which goes against WCAG SC 2.4.1 Bypass Blocks.” This helps users quickly get to the content they need, reducing the effort required to access important content.

    How to Fix Skip Links:

    • Add Skip Navigation Links: Place “skip to content” links at the top of your web pages. These links should be one of the first elements in the tab order, allowing users to bypass repetitive navigation and go directly to the main content.
    • Make Skip Links Visible: Ensure that skip navigation links are visible when focused. Use CSS to make them visually prominent when selected by a keyboard, so users know where they are skipping to.

    7. Unclear Headings and Structure

    Poorly structured headings can make it difficult for users with screen readers to understand the organization of the content. For example, if headings are not used correctly or if they are missing, users may struggle to comprehend the hierarchy and flow of the information.

    WCAG SC 1.3.1 Info and Relationships requires that content structure and relationships be programmatically determined or available in text. Proper use of headings and a clear content structure ensure that users can navigate and understand the content more easily.

    How to Fix:

    • Use Proper Heading Tags: Implement <h1>, <h2>, <h3>, etc., in a logical order to reflect the content’s structure. The <h1> tag should represent the main title, with subsequent headings breaking down the content into logical sections.
    • Ensure Headings Are Descriptive: Headings should clearly describe the content that follows, helping users understand what each section covers. For example, instead of a generic heading like “Details,” use “Product Specifications.”
    • Maintain a Consistent Structure: Consistently apply heading tags across your website to create a predictable and accessible content structure, making it easier for users to navigate.

    8. Inconsistent Link Text

    Links with vague or repetitive text like “click here” or “read more” can be confusing for screen reader users as they lack context about the link’s destination or purpose. For example, if several links are labeled “read more,” users may not know which topic they are referring to.

    WCAG SC 2.4.4 Link Purpose (In Context) requires that the purpose of each link be clear from the link text alone or from the surrounding context. This helps users understand where a link will take them and ensures that all users can navigate effectively.

    How to Fix:

    • Use Descriptive Link Text: Ensure that the link text clearly indicates what the link will do or where it will take the user. For instance, instead of saying “click here,” use “Download our accessibility guide.”
    • Avoid Repetition: Ensure that each link’s text is unique, especially if links are close to each other. This helps users distinguish between different links and understand their destinations.
    • Provide Context in Surrounding Text: If necessary, add context around the link text to clarify its purpose. However, the link text itself should still be sufficiently descriptive on its own.

    9. No Focus Indicators

    Web accessible focus indicators are visual cues that show which part of a website a user is currently interacting with, like when using a keyboard or a screen reader.

    According to WCAG SC 2.4.7 Focus Visible, “Focus Visible,” these indicators are crucial for making websites easy to navigate. Without them, users might struggle to see where they are on the page, which can make the site hard to use, especially for people with disabilities. Proper focus indicators help everyone use a website more effectively and inclusively.

    How to Fix Focus Indicators:

    • Ensure Visible Focus: Use CSS to create clear, visible focus indicators for all interactive elements. For example, you can use outline: 2px solid #000; to ad a solid black outline when an element is focused.
    • Customize Focus Styles: Enhance default focus styles to make them more visible, especially if the default outline blends into the background. Consider using a contrasting color or a thicker border.

    How to Test for Web Accessibility Issues

    Testing for web accessibility can be done using a combination of manual checks and automated tools. Let’s take a look at a quick guide:

    1. Manual Testing: Use a keyboard to navigate your site and check all interactive elements. Utilize screen readers to ensure that content is read out correctly and that forms, buttons, and links are accessible.
    2. Automated Tools: Use tools like WAVE, Axe, or Lighthouse to perform automated accessibility audits. These tools can quickly identify many common issues, but manual testing is still essential for thorough accessibility checks.
    3. User Testing: If possible, involve users with disabilities in your testing process. They can provide valuable feedback on real-world accessibility issues that automated tools might miss.

    Building a Path to Web Accessibility

    Making sure your website is accessible goes beyond just checking off boxes—it’s about creating a welcoming space where everyone can connect with your content. By tackling common accessibility issues, you not only improve how people experience your site but also protect your organization from potential legal problems and open up new audience opportunities.

    If you want to learn more about improving your website’s accessibility initiative, schedule a complimentary ADA strategy briefing with the experts at 216digital. We make web accessibility simple and achievable, helping you develop a strategy to integrate WCAG 2.1 compliance into your development roadmap on your terms.

    Don’t let your website fall behind on accessibility. Let’s work together to make sure everyone can fully experience your site.

    Greg McNeil

    August 22, 2024
    How-to Guides
    Accessibility, ADA Compliance, digital accessibility, Web Accessibility, web development, Website Accessibility
  • Why Small Businesses Face More ADA Web Lawsuits

    Why Small Businesses Face More ADA Web Lawsuits

    In the bustling world of small business, every penny counts. So, it’s no wonder that when an unexpected expense pops up, it can feel like a huge blow. One such cost that’s been increasingly affecting small businesses lately is the rise in web ADA lawsuits. These lawsuits, centered around web accessibility, are not just a concern for big corporations but have also become a significant issue for mom and pop shops. Let’s dive into why small businesses are particularly vulnerable to these lawsuits, how ADA website compliance has become a recent battleground, and what you can do to ensure your site is up to snuff.

    Understanding Web Accessibility and ADA Lawsuits

    Before we get into why small businesses are targeted, let’s start with the basics. The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) is a law designed to ensure that people with disabilities have equal access to all aspects of public life, including the digital world. Web accessibility falls under this mandate, meaning that websites need to be usable by people with various disabilities, such as vision impairments, hearing loss, or mobility issues.

    In recent years, ADA lawsuits focusing on web accessibility have surged.  In 2023 alone, plaintiffs filed 4,605 federal and state-filed ADA-related digital lawsuits across the United States. This trend shows no sign of slowing down, with organizations of all sizes—small businesses to Fortune 500 companies—finding themselves in litigation.

    The idea is that if your website isn’t accessible to everyone, including those with disabilities, you could be breaking the law. This has led to a spike in legal actions, with plaintiffs’ lawyers targeting businesses they believe are not compliant with ADA standards.

    Why Are Small Businesses Targeted by Plaintiffs’ Lawyers?

    You might wonder why small businesses, especially those run by hardworking mom and pop owners, seem to be hit harder by these lawsuits than larger companies. Here are a few reasons why small businesses are often in the crosshairs:

    1. Limited Resources: Small businesses often operate with tight budgets and limited staff. This means they might not have the resources to keep up with all the legal and technical requirements for web accessibility. Large corporations, on the other hand, typically have dedicated teams and budgets for compliance and legal matters.
    2. Less Robust Defense: When a lawsuit is filed, it often involves extensive legal fees and time-consuming processes. Small businesses might find it harder to mount a strong defense against these lawsuits compared to larger companies that have in-house legal teams or access to experienced attorneys.
    3. Higher Visibility: Many small businesses have websites that might not be as well maintained or as accessible as those of larger businesses. This makes them more noticeable targets for plaintiffs’ lawyers who are on the lookout for non-compliant sites.
    4. Insurance Coverage: Small businesses might not have insurance that covers ADA-related lawsuits, or their coverage might not be comprehensive enough to handle the costs. Larger businesses are more likely to have insurance policies that include legal protections for such issues.

    ADA Website Compliance: The Latest Tactic Used by Plaintiff’s Lawyers

    As the internet has become a crucial part of doing business, ADA website compliance has emerged as a new tactic for plaintiffs’ lawyers. Here’s why this is happening:

    1. Increased Focus on Digital Accessibility: With the rise of online shopping and digital services, accessibility issues have become more visible. Plaintiffs’ lawyers have noticed this trend and are using it as a new avenue to pursue claims.
    2. Ambiguity in the Law: The ADA was enacted in 1990, long before the internet became a staple of daily life. As a result, there is some ambiguity about what constitutes compliance for websites. This lack of clear guidelines means that plaintiffs’ lawyers can argue their cases based on their interpretations of the law.
    3. Settlement Potential: For many businesses, settling out of court is less costly than fighting a lawsuit. Plaintiffs’ lawyers know this and may target small businesses that are more likely to settle quickly rather than face lengthy legal battles.
    4. Rising Awareness: As more people become aware of web accessibility issues, there is an increased chance of someone noticing and reporting non-compliant websites. This rising awareness has led to more lawsuits being filed.

    How to Make Sure Your Small Business Website is ADA-Compliant

    Now that we’ve covered why small businesses are often targeted and how ADA website compliance has become a popular legal battleground, let’s talk about what you can do to ensure your website is up to standard.

    1. Understand Web Accessibility Guidelines: The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) are a set of standards designed to make web content more accessible. Familiarize yourself with these guidelines to understand what needs to be done. They cover aspects like text readability, alternative text for images, and keyboard navigation.
    2. Conduct a Website Audit: Regularly audit your website for accessibility issues. There are tools available online that can help you identify problems, such as missing alt text for images or issues with color contrast. Consulting with a specialist firm like 216digital to conduct a thorough audit can also be a wise investment.
    3. Incorporate Accessibility Features: Make sure your website includes features that assist users with disabilities. This can include adding captions to videos, ensuring that your site is navigable by keyboard, and using descriptive link text.
    4. Test with Real Users: If possible, get feedback from real users who have disabilities. Their experiences can provide valuable insights into areas where your website might need improvement.
    5. Stay Informed and Up-to-Date: Web accessibility standards and best practices can evolve over time. Stay informed about any changes and make updates to your website as necessary to remain compliant.
    6. Seek Professional Help: If you’re unsure where to start or need assistance, consider consulting with an accessibility expert or web developer who specializes in ADA, like 216digital. We can guide you through the process and help ensure that your website meets all necessary standards.
    7. Implement Ongoing Training: Train your staff, especially those involved in website management and content creation, about web accessibility. This helps create a culture of inclusivity and ensures that accessibility remains a priority.

    Protect Your Small Business With 216digital

    ADA website compliance is crucial for small businesses, with significant implications that shouldn’t be overlooked. Plaintiffs’ lawyers often target mom-and-pop shops, making it essential to take proactive steps to ensure your website meets accessibility standards. By staying informed, conducting regular audits, and integrating accessibility features, you not only safeguard your business against costly lawsuits but also create a more inclusive experience for all your customers.

    To ensure your website is fully compliant and accessible, consider scheduling an ADA briefing with 216digital. Our team can guide you through the complexities of web accessibility, helping you create a welcoming online space for everyone while protecting your business from potential legal risks. Don’t wait until it’s too late—reach out to us today to secure your website’s future.

    Greg McNeil

    August 21, 2024
    Legal Compliance
    Accessibility, ADA Compliance, ADA Website Compliance, Small Business, Web Accessibility, Website Accessibility
  • 2024 Mid-Year Report ADA Lawsuits Trends

    2024 Mid-Year Report ADA Lawsuits Trends

    As we reach the midpoint of 2024, it’s crucial for business owners, project managers, and web development teams to stay informed about trends and challenges related to ADA lawsuits, especially concerning web accessibility. In recent years, the landscape of digital accessibility has evolved significantly, impacting businesses of all sizes across various industries. This article aims to provide a comprehensive mid-year report on ADA lawsuits, upcoming trends, and proactive measures to protect your online business.

    Trends in 2024 for ADA Lawsuits

    As we move through 2024, the landscape of Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) lawsuits is undergoing significant changes. Several emerging trends reflect shifts in legal practices, targets of litigation, and evolving standards in web accessibility. Here’s a comprehensive look at what you can expect in the upcoming months.

    Decrease in Overall ADA Lawsuit Numbers

    For the first time in years, there has been a slight decrease in the number of ADA lawsuits filed. In fact, we are anticipating to have 600 less federal court case than in 2023. This reduction is primarily due to increased judicial scrutiny. Judges now require plaintiffs and their legal teams to present more detailed and specific claims. Vague or generic allegations no longer suffice to move forward in court. This heightened scrutiny is filtering out cases deemed frivolous or opportunistic, leading to a decrease in the overall number of filings.

    Impact of Recent Defense Victories

    Recent defense victories in federal ADA claims have also contributed to this decline. These victories have set precedents that make it more challenging for plaintiffs to succeed with less substantiated claims. As a result, some law firms are shifting their focus to state courts, where they might perceive a higher chance of success. This shift is impacting the overall landscape of ADA lawsuits, with fewer cases reaching the federal level.

    Small Companies Are in the Crosshairs

    Interestingly, there has been a significant shift in the targets of ADA lawsuits. Over 66% of the lawsuits filed through June 2024 have been against companies with revenues under $25 million. In contrast, 34% have been against larger companies. This shift is a natural progression after years of lawsuits targeting major corporations. Many of the largest companies have already faced lawsuits and implemented comprehensive accessibility programs, leaving smaller businesses as the new focus for plaintiffs.

    The Rise of eCommerce and ADA Violations

    The rise in eCommerce, driven by changing consumer spending habits, has exposed more small and medium-sized businesses to potential ADA violations. As these businesses expand their online presence, they become more susceptible to lawsuits if their websites are not fully accessible. Smaller businesses may lack the resources or knowledge to ensure full compliance with ADA requirements, making them vulnerable targets for litigation.

    Overlays Could Make You a Target Now More Than Ever

    Despite significant investments in accessibility widgets, these tools often fail to reduce legal risks effectively. In fact, in 2024, plaintiffs have already filed 503 lawsuits against websites with active widgets, compared to 449 in 2023. This is a 20% increase in lawsuits against websites using widgets and screen overlays. These tools are marketed as quick fixes for accessibility issues but frequently fall short of their promises.

    Common Problems with Widgets

    It has been proven that accessibility widgets can create additional barriers for users with disabilities. Common problems include incompatibility with screen readers, failure to address all accessibility concerns, and even introducing new issues. These limitations highlight that relying solely on widgets is not an adequate solution for legal protection or genuine accessibility improvements. Businesses must seek comprehensive solutions to ensure their websites are fully accessible.

    Evolving Legal Standards

    The legal landscape surrounding web accessibility is continuously evolving. On April 8, the U.S. Attorney General signed a new rule under ADA Title II, setting clear web accessibility standards for state and local governments. This means their services, programs, and activities must now be accessible to people with disabilities. Depending on the size of their websites, these entities have two to three years to implement these accessibility standards.

    Potential Changes to ADA Title III

    While the current update focuses on public sector entities under ADA Title II, it could serve as a model for changes to Title III, which covers public accommodations and commercial facilities. This potential shift might lead to stricter and more uniform accessibility standards in the private sector, affecting businesses and nonprofits that interact with the public.

    Increased DOJ Enforcement

    The Department of Justice (DOJ) is expected to increase enforcement efforts, ensuring that businesses comply with these evolving standards. This means that businesses must stay informed about these changes and proactively work towards compliance to avoid potential lawsuits and penalties. Staying ahead of these legal standards will be crucial for businesses to minimize legal risks and enhance accessibility for all users.

    The Importance of Staying Informed

    Staying informed about the latest trends and legal changes in ADA compliance is crucial for businesses of all sizes. This not only helps in avoiding potential lawsuits but also ensures that businesses are accessible to all customers, enhancing their reputation and customer satisfaction. Companies should consider consulting with legal experts and accessibility professionals to stay ahead of the curve and implement best practices in web accessibility.

    How to Protect Your Online Business

    Navigating the complexities of ADA compliance can seem daunting, especially for those with limited knowledge of web accessibility standards. However, there are practical steps you can take to mitigate the risk of lawsuits and foster a more inclusive digital environment:

    1. Conduct an Accessibility Audit

    Start by conducting a comprehensive accessibility audit of your website. This involves assessing your site’s adherence to WCAG standards and identifying areas that may pose accessibility barriers. Consider engaging accessibility experts or using automated tools to assist in this process.

    2. Implement Accessibility Improvements

    Based on the findings of your audit, prioritize and implement necessary accessibility improvements. This may include optimizing navigation for keyboard users, providing alternative text for images, ensuring color contrast ratios comply with standards, and making multimedia content accessible.

    3. Train Your Team

    Educate your web development team, content creators, and digital marketers about web accessibility best practices. Training sessions can help increase awareness of accessibility guidelines and empower your team to proactively address accessibility issues in their respective roles.

    4. Monitor and Maintain Accessibility

    Accessibility is an ongoing commitment. Regularly monitor your website for accessibility compliance and address any new issues that arise. Incorporate accessibility checks into your regular maintenance routines to ensure ongoing compliance.

    5. Seek Legal Guidance if Needed

    If you receive a demand letter or face a lawsuit related to ADA non-compliance, seek legal guidance promptly. ADA litigation can be complex, and legal professionals specializing in accessibility law can provide valuable counsel and representation.

    Conclusion

    As we move forward in 2024, the landscape of web accessibility and ADA compliance continues to evolve. By prioritizing accessibility in your digital strategy and staying informed about legal requirements, you not only mitigate legal risks but also enhance the overall user experience for all visitors to your website. Remember, accessibility is not just a legal obligation but also a moral imperative to ensure inclusivity and equal access to information in the digital age.

    For more information on ADA compliance and web accessibility best practices, schedule a complimentary ADA strategy briefing with 216digital. Together, we can create a more inclusive online environment that benefits businesses and individuals alike.

    Greg McNeil

    August 19, 2024
    Legal Compliance
    ADA Compliance, ADA Lawsuit, ADA non-compliance, ADA Website Compliance, Website Accessibility
  • User Testing: A Crucial Step Towards Web Accessibility

    User Testing: A Crucial Step Towards Web Accessibility

    When you think about your website, what comes to mind? Maybe it’s the design, the layout, or the content. But how often do you think about how accessible your website is to everyone, including people with disabilities? Web accessibility is not just a nice-to-have; it’s a must-have. This is where user testing comes into play. Let’s dive into what website user testing is, how it benefits web accessibility, and why it should be an essential part of your web development process.

    What is Website User Testing?

    Website user testing is like putting your website under a microscope to see how well it performs for real users. It involves having actual people—who could be potential users of your site—interact with your website to see how easy it is to navigate, how intuitive the design is, and how well it meets their needs. But it’s not just about looking good or being easy to use; it’s also about making sure everyone can access and use your site, no matter their abilities.

    Think of it this way: You wouldn’t launch a product without testing it first, right? The same goes for your website. User testing helps you catch any issues or barriers that might prevent users from having a smooth and enjoyable experience on your site. It’s vital for web accessibility because it ensures that your website is usable for people with disabilities, which is crucial for web compliance.

    How is User Testing Beneficial for Web Accessibility?

    Now that we know what user testing is let’s talk about how it benefits web accessibility. Web accessibility is all about making sure that people with disabilities can use your website just as easily as anyone else. This includes people who are blind or have low vision, those who are deaf or hard of hearing, people with mobility impairments, and others.

    Identifying Accessibility Barriers

    One of the biggest benefits of user testing for web accessibility is that it helps you identify barriers that might prevent people with disabilities from using your site. For example, during testing, you might discover that your website’s navigation is difficult to use with a screen reader, or that your color scheme doesn’t provide enough contrast for people with low vision. These are things that might not be obvious if you’re not using assistive technologies yourself, but they can make a huge difference for someone who is.

    Improving User Experience for All

    Another benefit of user testing for web accessibility is that it can actually improve the user experience for everyone, not just people with disabilities. For example, adding alt text to images is crucial for people who use screen readers, but it’s also helpful for users who have slow internet connections and can’t load images. Similarly, making sure your site is keyboard navigable isn’t just important for people with mobility impairments—it can also make your site easier to use for anyone who prefers keyboard shortcuts.

    Ensuring Legal Compliance

    In the United States, web accessibility isn’t just a best practice—it’s also a legal requirement under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). Failing to make your website accessible can lead to legal challenges and fines. By incorporating user testing into your web development process, you can ensure that your site meets the necessary accessibility standards and is compliant with the law.

    Accommodating a Range of Assistive Technologies

    When we talk about web accessibility, it’s important to remember that people with disabilities use a variety of assistive technologies to navigate the web. These technologies include screen readers, voice recognition software, alternative input devices, and more. To ensure your website is accessible to everyone, you need to make sure it works well with these tools.

    Screen Readers

    Screen readers are software programs that read the text on a screen out loud, allowing people who are blind or have low vision to access content. During user testing, it’s important to check that your website is compatible with popular screen readers like JAWS or NVDA. This includes making sure that all images have descriptive alt text, that form fields are properly labeled, and that the site is navigable using keyboard commands.

    Voice Recognition Software

    Voice recognition software allows people to control their computer and enter text using their voice. This can be especially helpful for people with mobility impairments. To accommodate these users, your website should have clear and simple navigation that can be easily controlled by voice commands. During testing, make sure to check that your site’s forms and menus can be accessed using voice commands.

    Alternative Input Devices

    Some people use alternative input devices, such as switch systems or eye-tracking technology, to navigate the web. These devices allow users to control their computers in non-traditional ways, such as by pressing a switch or moving their eyes. To make your site accessible to these users, it’s important to ensure that all interactive elements, such as buttons and links, are easy to access and operate.

    Accommodating these and other assistive technologies is a crucial part of web accessibility, and user testing is the best way to make sure your site is up to the task.

    What is the User Testing Process?

    So, how do you actually go about user testing your website for accessibility? Here’s a simple, step-by-step process that you can follow:

    Planning

    Start by defining your goals for the user testing process. What do you want to learn? Are you testing a new feature, or are you trying to identify accessibility barriers? Decide which users you want to include in the testing process. It’s important to include people with a variety of disabilities, as well as people who use different assistive technologies.

    Recruiting Testers

    Once you’ve defined your goals, it’s time to recruit testers. Look for people who represent your target audience, including people with disabilities. You can reach out to organizations that work with people with disabilities, or you can use online platforms that connect you with testers.

    Conducting the Tests

    During the testing process, have your testers complete specific tasks on your website. For example, you might ask them to navigate to a particular page, fill out a form, or find specific information. Make sure to observe how they interact with your site and ask for feedback on their experience. It’s also important to test your site with a variety of devices and browsers, as accessibility issues can vary depending on the platform.

    Analyzing the Results

    After the tests are complete, analyze the results to identify any accessibility barriers or usability issues. Look for patterns in the feedback and prioritize the issues that are most critical to address.

    Making Improvements

    Based on the results of the testing, make the necessary improvements to your website. This might include adding alt text to images, adjusting the color contrast, or making your forms more accessible. Once you’ve made these changes, it’s a good idea to conduct another round of testing to make sure the issues have been resolved.

    Ongoing Testing

    Web accessibility is not a one-time effort—it’s an ongoing process. As you add new features or content to your site, continue to conduct user testing to ensure that your site remains accessible to everyone.

    Best Practices for Web Accessibility Testing

    To get the most out of your user testing efforts, here are some best practices to keep in mind:

    1. Include Diverse Testers: The more diverse your group of testers, the more comprehensive your accessibility testing will be. This includes people with a variety of disabilities and those who use different assistive technologies.
    2. Test Early and Often: Don’t wait until your website is finished to start testing. Incorporate user testing throughout the development process to catch accessibility issues early.
    3. Use Realistic Scenarios: When conducting user tests, create realistic scenarios that your users might encounter on your site. This will give you a better sense of how your site performs in real-world situations.
    4. Document Everything: Keep detailed notes on the testing process, including the issues that were identified and the changes that were made. This will help you track your progress and ensure that accessibility remains a priority.
    5. Stay Up-to-Date: Web accessibility standards and technologies are constantly evolving. Stay informed about the latest developments and update your testing process accordingly.

    Conclusion

    User testing is a critical part of creating a website that is accessible to everyone. By incorporating accessibility testing into your web development process, you can ensure that your site meets the needs of all users, including those with disabilities. Not only does this improve the user experience, but it also helps you stay compliant with legal requirements and build a more inclusive online presence.

    Remember, web accessibility is an ongoing journey, not a one-time task. Make it a priority to continuously apply best practices and conduct regular user testing. For personalized guidance on achieving web accessibility compliance, schedule a complimentary ADA strategy briefing with 216digital today. Let’s ensure your website is welcoming and usable for everyone.

    Greg McNeil

    August 19, 2024
    Testing & Remediation
    Accessibility testing, digital accessibility, user testing, Web Accessibility, Website Accessibility
Previous Page
1 … 15 16 17 18 19 … 31
Next Page
216digital Scanning Tool

Audit Your Website for Free

Find Out if Your Website is WCAG & ADA Compliant













    216digital Logo

    Our team is full of expert professionals in Web Accessibility Remediation, eCommerce Design & Development, and Marketing – ready to help you reach your goals and thrive in a competitive marketplace. 

    216 Digital, Inc. BBB Business Review

    Get in Touch

    2208 E Enterprise Pkwy
    Twinsburg, OH 44087
    216.505.4400
    info@216digital.com

    Support

    Support Desk
    Acceptable Use Policy
    Accessibility Policy
    Privacy Policy

    Web Accessibility

    Settlement & Risk Mitigation
    WCAG 2.1/2.2 AA Compliance
    Monitoring Service by a11y.Radar

    Development & Marketing

    eCommerce Development
    PPC Marketing
    Professional SEO

    About

    About Us
    Contact

    Copyright 2024 216digital. All Rights Reserved.