Accessibility Archives - Page 2 of 16/Tag

Judge Pushes Back on Serial ADA Plaintiffs
The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) was enacted in 1990 to prohibit discrimination against people with disabilities. Over the years, it’s helped make public spaces—including digital environments—more accessible to everyone. However, the rise of serial ADA plaintiffs—individuals who file dozens or even hundreds of lawsuits—has raised serious concerns among business owners and judges alike. Some of these cases appear less about securing genuine accessibility improvements and more about generating quick financial settlements.

Recently, a federal judge pushed back against this growing trend, signaling that the courts are beginning to question the motives and tactics of some serial ADA plaintiffs. This shift could mark a turning point for businesses frustrated by opportunistic lawsuits. But it doesn’t mean business owners can relax when it comes to ADA compliance—especially online.

In this article, we’ll explore what serial ADA litigation looks like, why businesses risk non-compliance in the first place, how a recent judge’s ruling might change the game, and what proactive steps businesses can take to protect themselves. We’ll also show how partnering with a firm like 216digital can ensure your digital properties are accessible and legally compliant.

What Are Serial ADA Plaintiffs?

A serial ADA plaintiff is someone who files multiple lawsuits under the ADA, often targeting small businesses for alleged accessibility violations. While the ADA is a civil rights law that rightly empowers individuals to hold businesses accountable, these serial filings usually follow a pattern:
- Rapid-fire lawsuits: Dozens of complaints are filed in a short period, often by the same attorney.
- Low-hanging claims: Plaintiffs target minor infractions, such as font contrast issues or missing alt text on websites.
- Settlement-focused: Lawsuits are usually resolved with monetary settlements rather than actual accessibility improvements.
These actions put a financial strain on small and mid-sized businesses, many of which settle to avoid legal fees—even if they were unaware of the issues or were actively working toward compliance.

Why Do Businesses Risk ADA Non-Compliance?

Many business owners want to do the right thing, but digital accessibility often falls through the cracks for a few reasons:
- Lack of awareness: Some companies don’t realize ADA applies to their websites, not just physical locations.
- Complex regulations: Accessibility laws and standards like WCAG (Web Content Accessibility Guidelines) can be difficult to interpret without expert guidance.
- Limited budgets: Small businesses may not have the resources to hire in-house accessibility experts.
- Inconsistent enforcement: Until recently, the legal system’s tolerance for serial plaintiffs made compliance seem like an expensive guessing game.
Unfortunately, ignorance of the law doesn’t exempt businesses from lawsuits—especially when aggressive litigants are actively seeking out violators.

Judge Cogan Pushes Back: A Turning Point?

In a recent case, federal Judge Cogan of California dismissed multiple web accessibility lawsuits brought by a serial plaintiff, citing a lack of standing and evidence of genuine harm. The court noted that the plaintiff had filed over 50 nearly identical lawsuits against small businesses, often without ever intending to visit or interact with them in any meaningful way.

Judge Cogan questioned whether the plaintiff had suffered real injury or was simply using the ADA as a tool to generate settlements. The ruling emphasized that the purpose of the ADA is to promote meaningful access, not to enable exploitative litigation.

This decision doesn’t make digital accessibility any less important—but it sends a clear message: the courts are starting to scrutinize the intentions behind ADA lawsuits. It’s a warning to serial plaintiffs and an opportunity for businesses to address compliance proactively rather than react to legal threats.

Practical Steps to Avoid Being Targeted

Whether or not the courts are curbing serial litigation, businesses should take real accessibility seriously. Here are steps to protect your brand, reduce legal risk, and create better experiences for all users:

1. Conduct a Professional Accessibility Audit

Start by identifying what accessibility issues exist on your website. Automated tools can catch some problems, but a full audit—especially one that includes manual testing with assistive technologies—is the gold standard.

2. Fix the Most Common Accessibility Errors

Serial plaintiffs often target:
- Missing alt text on images
- Poor color contrast
- Inaccessible navigation menus
- Improper heading structures
- Forms that can’t be completed with a keyboard
Addressing these issues can significantly lower your risk of being sued.

3. Document Your Accessibility Efforts

Even if your site isn’t perfect, showing that you’re making active efforts can make a difference in court. Keep records of audits, remediations, and ongoing updates.

4. Stay Informed on Legal Requirements

Accessibility standards evolve. Staying up to date on WCAG guidelines and DOJ updates to ADA interpretations is essential to maintaining long-term compliance.

5. Implement Ongoing Monitoring

Accessibility isn’t a one-and-done project. Use tools like a11y.Radar, offered by 216digital, to continuously monitor and address new issues before they become problems.

How 216digital Helps You Stay Accessible—and Lawsuit-Proof

At 216digital, we specialize in helping businesses of all sizes navigate the often-confusing world of digital accessibility. We go beyond automated scans and generic checklists to provide comprehensive, real-world accessibility services that keep you compliant and reduce your legal exposure.

Our Services Include
- Phase 1 Risk Mitigation: We identify and fix the most high-risk accessibility issues that could attract serial ADA plaintiffs.
- Phase 2 Real-World Accessibility: We use screen readers, keyboard-only navigation, and other assistive technologies to test your site like real users do.
- a11y.Radar Monitoring: Our proprietary service provides ongoing accessibility monitoring and alerts, ensuring your site stays compliant even as content changes.
- Accessibility Consulting and Training: We don’t just fix your website—we empower your team with the knowledge and tools to maintain accessibility long-term.
By working with 216digital, you’ll avoid frivolous lawsuits and create a better online experience for all your users, including those with disabilities.

Final Thoughts

The recent judicial scrutiny of serial ADA plaintiffs is a promising development for business owners who feel trapped between doing the right thing and defending against exploitative lawsuits. But make no mistake: web accessibility still matters—and compliance is still your responsibility.

Rather than playing defense after a lawsuit hits your inbox, you can take a proactive approach that protects your business, supports your customers, and aligns with the original spirit of the ADA.

Let 216digital help you stay compliant, reduce risk, and deliver a more accessible web experience for everyone.

Need help getting started?

Contact 216digital today for a professional web accessibility audit and find out how we can help you safeguard your digital presence from serial ADA plaintiffs.
Greg McNeil

April 10, 2025

Legal Compliance

Accessibility, ADA Lawsuit, Web Accessibility, Website Accessibility
Is Your Website Compliant with Australia’s DDA?
When you think about making a website, you might picture coding, design, or content. But have you ever considered whether everyone can actually use your site? Web accessibility isn’t just a tech issue—it’s about making the online world open to everyone, including people with disabilities. In Australia, there’s a growing focus on this topic, and it’s changing how websites are built and maintained. The Disability Discrimination Act, or DDA, is a key piece of the puzzle, because it covers much more than physical buildings. In fact, it also affects your digital presence.

In this post, we’ll dig into why web accessibility matters, how the DDA factors in, and what you can do to make your website more inclusive. Think of this as a friendly chat that aims to keep things simple, helpful, and human-centered. After all, good web design isn’t just about code—it’s about people.

Why Web Accessibility Should Be on Your Radar

More than 1 in 5 Australians live with some form of disability. That’s millions of people who might need your products or services. If your site has poor design, confusing navigation, or features that aren’t easy to use with assistive technology, you risk losing a huge chunk of potential customers. In fact, nearly 5 million Aussies are affected by poor accessibility every day.

But web accessibility isn’t just about meeting a legal requirement under the DDA—it’s also good for business. When you make a site easier for people with disabilities, you often end up improving the user experience for everyone. Aging users with weaker eyesight benefit from clearer text, while someone with a broken arm might be thankful for keyboard-friendly navigation. Even people dealing with slow internet connections appreciate a well-optimized site. Accessibility is bigger than just a checkbox; it’s an approach that says, “I’m open to all.”

What the Disability Discrimination Act (DDA) Actually Says

The DDA (Disability Discrimination Act) was passed in 1992, and it aims to protect people from discrimination because of their disability. While many people think of it in terms of physical locations or employment, the law also applies to services and goods. And in the modern world, that means websites and online stores can’t shut people out.

Real Cases That Changed the Game
- Bruce Maguire vs. Sydney Olympics (1999): This case involved a blind man who found the official Olympics website nearly impossible to use. It was the first major situation in Australia that highlighted digital accessibility and made it clear that the DDA applies online as well.
- Gisele Mesnage vs. Coles (2014): Gisele, who is blind, had serious trouble doing her online grocery shopping because of inaccessible design. She took the issue to the Federal Court, showing again that large companies can’t ignore web accessibility—and neither can smaller ones.
These cases proved that the DDA isn’t just legal talk; it has real impact on how websites are made. If you’re offering goods or services online, you need to pay attention.

So… Does This Apply to Your Website?

Short answer: Almost definitely. The DDA is broad, and it covers government sites, public-facing services, and private businesses too. Whether you run a bank, a school, an eCommerce store, or a travel website, you should take steps to be accessible. Even if any inaccessibility is unintentional, it can still lead to complaints or legal action. No one wants that—so it’s better to get ahead of the game.

The Standards You Need to Know (and Follow)

When people talk about web accessibility standards, they’re usually talking about the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG). These are international guidelines that detail how to make online content usable for everyone. In Australia, the target is WCAG 2.1 or 2.2 at Level AA.

Yes, the guidelines can feel a bit technical, but they break down into principles that are pretty straightforward:
- Perceivable: Make sure people can see or hear your content.
- Operable: Your site should work with a keyboard, not just a mouse.
- Understandable: Use clear language so people don’t get confused.
- Robust: Support different types of assistive technologies and devices.
The government requires its websites to comply. Private businesses might not face legal pressure in every case—but make no mistake, the DDA clearly expects you to make your site accessible.

Government Strategies & National Guidelines

Australia has several strategies and guidelines to push web accessibility forward:
- National Transition Strategy (NTS): This initiative set the expectation that all government websites meet WCAG 2.0 AA. Even though it first focused on government sites, it signaled that accessibility is a big deal for any public-facing platform.
- Digital Service Standard: Thirteen principles guide inclusive design for government services. Though aimed at government, many businesses look to these standards for best practices.
- AS EN 301 549:2020: This one’s pretty tech-heavy, but it’s an Australian accessibility standard based on European laws, covering software, hardware, and other ICT services. If you hear it mentioned, know it’s part of the broader push for more inclusive digital tools.
What Happens If You Don’t Comply?

So what if you decide you can ignore the DDA? First, complaints usually go to the Australian Human Rights Commission. If they can’t be resolved through conciliation, the issue might end up in the Federal Court. That can mean big fines, hefty legal fees, and the kind of negative attention that hurts your brand. You don’t have to be a huge company like Coles to face consequences. The DDA has wide reach, and smaller businesses can face the same legal and financial risks if they don’t meet accessibility standards.

Making Your Website Accessible: Where to Start
- Understand Web Accessibility Guidelines: Familiarize yourself with WCAG to know what needs to be done for accessibility.
- Conduct a Website Audit: Regularly check your site for issues like missing alt text or poor contrast using automated tools or a professional audit.
- Implement Ongoing Training: Train your team to ensure everyone understands accessibility and prioritizes it in future updates.
- Stay Informed and Up-to-Date: Keep up with changes in web accessibility standards and best practices.
- Ongoing Monitoring: Use services like a11y.Radar for continuous monitoring, helping you address new accessibility issues promptly.
Make Accessibility a Priority—Not an Afterthought

If you remember just one thing from this discussion, it’s that web accessibility matters for real people. Sure, the DDA provides the legal framework—but beyond that, it’s simply good business sense and the right thing to do. A more accessible site doesn’t just keep you out of trouble; it opens the door to new customers, better user experiences, and a stronger brand image.

By making web accessibility a priority, you show you care about all your users, including those with disabilities. This mindset helps shape a future where the internet is truly open to everyone. If you’re unsure about where to start or how to keep your site fully compliant with the DDA, consider reaching out to professionals like 216digital. They can guide you through audits, training, and ongoing support, ensuring that you’re not just following the rules, but actively creating a more inclusive digital world.

Remember: the DDA doesn’t just regulate—it motivates. By taking accessibility seriously, you build a website that’s welcoming and friendly to anyone who visits. And that’s something we can all get behind. Let’s keep growing the web in a way that benefits us all.
Greg McNeil

April 9, 2025

Legal Compliance

Accessibility, accessibility laws, DDA, Disability Discrimination Act, International Accessibility Laws, Website Accessibility
How 216digital Makes Accessibility Remediation Simple
If you’re a small or mid-sized business owner, you’ve probably heard stories about other businesses getting hit with ADA (Americans with Disabilities Act) web accessibility lawsuits. Often, these lawsuits come out of nowhere, catching website owners by surprise. You might not even know what you did wrong, why your site was targeted, or how to fix it. It’s frustrating, and it’s scary. Even if you haven’t faced a lawsuit yet, you could be worried about your level of risk. Nobody wants a legal headache—especially not when you’re already juggling everything else that goes into running a business.

Here at 216digital, our goal is to change the conversation around web accessibility. We help small to mid-sized businesses protect themselves from costly accessibility lawsuits while also making websites more inclusive for everyone. Instead of quick fixes that only look good on the surface, we focus on lasting solutions through real accessibility remediation. By partnering with us, you’re not just avoiding legal trouble—you’re also improving every visitor’s experience on your site. Good access equals good business.

In this article, we’re going to break down what web accessibility actually means, how our services work, and why our people-focused approach sets us apart from companies that might rely on short-term, fear-based tactics. We’ll also show you how to schedule a free ADA briefing so you can gain clarity on your level of risk and figure out the next steps to make your site welcoming to all.

What Is Web Accessibility, Really?

Understanding the Basics

The term “web accessibility” can feel intimidating if you haven’t delved into it before. But when you boil it down, it’s quite straightforward: web accessibility means designing and updating your website so that people with disabilities can use it just as smoothly as everyone else. This includes visitors who use screen readers, rely on keyboard navigation, need larger text, or have other accessibility requirements.

Accessibility Helps Everyone

Making a site more accessible often has bonus benefits for everyone. For example, clearer website structure can improve your overall user experience, boost your SEO (search engine optimization), and make your site more user-friendly across different devices. In other words, meeting accessibility standards isn’t just about legal risk—it’s also about creating a smoother experience for all your visitors. That’s why accessibility remediation is such a critical part of a business’s digital strategy.

The Problem: Why Lawsuits Are Happening

Why the Legal Risk Is Growing

Over the past few years, courts have increasingly treated websites as “places of public accommodation,” meaning they fall under rules that require them to be accessible to people with disabilities. This has led to a spike in legal actions against businesses—some well-intentioned (from people who genuinely can’t access certain sites) and others more opportunistic, aiming to force quick settlements.

Proactive Prevention with Remediation

Either way, if your website has accessibility barriers, you could end up with a lawsuit or a demand letter. That often means paying lawyer fees, making sudden updates to your site under intense time pressure, and dealing with stress you never saw coming.

At 216digital, our approach is all about preventing these problems before they happen. Through comprehensive accessibility remediation, we don’t want you to face that unexpected expense or crisis moment. Instead, we want to set you up for success by making sure your site meets recognized accessibility standards in a thorough, sustainable way.

How 216digital Helps You Meet Accessibility Standards

1. Risk-First Approach: Stop Lawsuits Before They Start

When you bring us on board, we don’t just run a quick scan of your site and hand you a list of potential problems. A quick list is a start, but it doesn’t actually fix anything. Instead, we take a risk-first approach. We identify the areas of your site most likely to trigger a lawsuit and tackle them right away. This rapid response significantly reduces your potential exposure.

From there, we proceed through the rest of your site, ensuring all content and functions align with trusted accessibility standards. That way, you’re not left vulnerable to new complaints popping up in the future. That’s the difference between surface-level adjustments and meaningful accessibility remediation.

2. Full WCAG Implementation (The Gold Standard for Accessibility)

If you’ve done even a little reading on accessibility, you’ve likely seen mention of WCAG (Web Content Accessibility Guidelines). Judges, lawyers, and advocacy groups generally refer to WCAG 2.1 for determining whether a site is accessible. These guidelines cover areas like color contrast, text size, navigation, labels, and much more—essentially the nuts and bolts of a properly accessible website.

At 216digital, we don’t guess at what might be acceptable; we follow a systematic process to ensure your site aligns with WCAG 2.1 AA standards. We conduct thorough manual reviews along with automated checks to verify real-world accessibility, not just box-ticking. Our team’s hands-on accessibility remediation work results in a site that is recognized as accessible by the broader web community.

3. Ongoing Monitoring with a11y.Radar

A frequent misconception is that fixing accessibility barriers is a one-time job. In reality, websites are ever-evolving. You add new pages, adjust your site design, or change your content management system. Each of these updates can unintentionally introduce fresh barriers or break fixes you’ve made in the past.

That’s why we built a11y.Radar. It’s our specialized monitoring tool that consistently keeps an eye on your site, even after you’ve addressed the initial round of accessibility issues. a11y.Radar periodically checks if new problems have cropped up or if previously fixed areas have broken. With this in place, your accessibility remediation efforts stay intact, and you can relax, knowing you’re not being blindsided by hidden hurdles.

4. Hands-On Guidance and Support

Technical expertise is crucial, but we believe that easy-to-understand communication is just as important. Our team provides one-on-one support and guidance, answering questions you have about accessibility guidelines, legal implications, and the practical steps to ensure your site meets the right standards.
- Plain-Language Explanations: We won’t drown you in legal or tech jargon.
- Training Resources: If your developers or content team need training to maintain accessibility remediation practices, we’re happy to help.
- Personalized Assistance: Every website is different, so we don’t force you into a cookie-cutter solution.
We want you to feel confident about your site’s accessibility, not left in the dark about what’s happening behind the scenes.

Why We’re Different from Other Accessibility Companies

We’re Not Selling Fear—We’re Solving a Real Problem

Let’s be honest: lawsuits are a genuine risk, and the ADA is taken seriously in court. But 216digital’s mission is to educate you, not terrify you. We want to give you a clear understanding of what’s at stake and how you can proactively protect your business. Scare tactics aren’t our style. Instead, we rely on proven, professional accessibility remediation to resolve real issues.

No Overlays, No Shortcuts

Some companies push accessibility “overlays” that claim to magically solve every potential issue. While these might address a few surface-level features (like text resizing or color contrast toggles), they rarely fix deeper code-level or structural issues—and sometimes even introduce new difficulties.

At 216digital, our philosophy is to fix your site at the source. We go into the code and address each issue thoroughly. Yes, it’s more work. But the results are genuine and reflect real progress that stands the test of time. That’s the power of full-scale accessibility remediation.

We’re a Small Team That Cares

We’ve been around for more than 25 years. In that time, we’ve supported hundreds of businesses across industries, from e-commerce shops to local service providers. We know what it’s like to run a small or medium-sized business, and we treat your goals and concerns with respect. We’re also proud to say we’re a tight-knit crew. When you call us, you’ll speak to real people who care about your success—and who care deeply about getting your accessibility remediation right.

Ready to Talk? Let’s Schedule Your ADA Briefing

Worried your website might have accessibility barriers? Not sure if you’re at risk for a lawsuit? We offer a free ADA briefing to help you figure out your next move. It’s a no-pressure conversation where you’ll learn what’s really happening on your site and how we can help.
- Site Assessment: We take a basic look at your site to spot any glaring red flags.
- Risk Overview: We talk about possible risks that could leave you open to legal action.
- Options & Timeline: We lay out what solutions might look like, with a sense of how long and how much effort they might take.
We’re not here to push a sales pitch—just to share our expertise and help you make the best decision. If you decide to work with us, awesome! If not, at least you’ll walk away with a clear understanding of your situation and how to move forward.

If you’re ready to stop wondering about your site’s accessibility status and start taking proactive steps, reach out to schedule your free ADA briefing. We’ll explain everything you need to know in a straightforward, understandable way. Fill out our contact form below or schedule online today at 216digital.com/ada-briefing. We can’t wait to hear from you and show you how simple real accessibility remediation can be.
Greg McNeil

April 7, 2025

Testing & Remediation

Accessibility, Accessibility Remediation, Accessibility testing, automated testing, Web Accessibility, Web Accessibility Remediation, Website Accessibility
eCommerce Accessibility: Cart & Checkout Best Practices
As a front-end developer, you already know how much the small stuff matters—clear labels, logical tab order, and meaningful feedback. These details don’t just polish the experience; they make the difference between a site that works for everyone and one that silently shuts people out. When it comes to eCommerce accessibility, gaps tend to show up in the usual suspects: shopping carts, forms, payment flows, and filters.

Below, we’ll explore common eCommerce accessibility gaps and show you how to fix them. You’ll see examples of HTML and ARIA attributes that make a real difference in usability—without requiring you to overhaul your entire site. Just clean, thoughtful code that helps your work reach more people, the way it’s meant to.

Why Accessibility Matters in E-Commerce

Better eCommerce accessibility results in a better user experience. When you streamline navigation, label form fields properly, and offer multiple payment methods, you’re benefiting everyone, not just shoppers with disabilities. You’re also opening your doors to more customers, including those who use screen readers, have limited mobility, or simply prefer an intuitive layout.

Beyond enhanced usability, there’s also the legal side. Lawsuits related to eCommerce accessibility are on the rise. Addressing accessibility from the start can help reduce legal risks, but the bigger win is ensuring all potential customers feel welcome in your store.

eCommerce accessibility often breaks down at a few critical points:
- Shopping carts with unclear or missing labels.
- Forms and checkouts that don’t offer proper error messages.
- Payment flows that are dependent on inaccessible CAPTCHAs or limited payment methods.
- Product filters that are keyboard-incompatible or lack clear feedback.
If you’re a developer responsible for these features, you’re in the perfect position to fix these problems. A few strategic lines of code or well-placed attributes can help transform a confusing checkout into a seamless experience for all.

Making Your Shopping Cart Work for Everyone

Add Clear Labels (Yes, Even for Buttons)

It’s a common oversight to have buttons or icons without descriptive text. Screen readers can’t interpret an icon unless you provide an aria-label or similar attribute. Give every button clear text or an invisible descriptor for assistive tech.
```
<button aria-label="Remove item from cart">
  Remove
</button>
```
This simple step ensures that anyone using a screen reader knows exactly what action they’re about to take.

Let People Update Cart Items Without Guesswork

Quantities, item removals, and other cart updates should be straightforward. If you’re using a numeric input, label it properly so a screen reader user knows what they’re adjusting.
```
<label for="quantity">Quantity:</label>
<input type="number" id="quantity" name="quantity" min="1" value="1">
```
When quantity fields are clearly labeled and keyboard-friendly, customers can adjust items easily—no mystery involved.

Show Helpful Feedback When Things Go Wrong

Errors happen: maybe a shopper enters an invalid quantity or tries to remove an item that’s no longer in stock. Instead of reloading the entire page (and frustrating users), use an aria-live region to announce errors in real-time:
```
<div role="alert" aria-live="assertive">
  Error: Please enter a valid quantity.
</div>
```
This alerts people using screen readers without forcing them to refresh or hunt for an error message.

Shipping Forms That Are Easy to Use (and Easy to Navigate)

Use Straightforward, Consistent Labels

Forms can become confusing if users aren’t sure what to type. Proper <label> tags tied to the correct inputs make a huge difference for both sighted customers and those using assistive tech.
```
<label for="address">Shipping Address:</label>
<input type="text" id="address" name="address">
```
When labels are descriptive and consistent throughout the form, everyone knows exactly what information to provide.

Make Sure Users Can Tab Through Fields Logically

Keyboard-only users often navigate by pressing the Tab key. If your form fields aren’t in a logical sequence, they’ll jump around unpredictably. Paying attention to the natural DOM order is usually enough, but if you must alter it, use tabindex carefully.

Show Errors Clearly and Offer Suggestions

Generic error messages like “Invalid input” force users to guess what they did wrong. Instead, offer specific guidance so people know exactly how to fix the issue:
```
<div role="alert">
  Error: ZIP code must be five digits.
</div>
```
This clarity benefits everyone, speeding up the checkout process and reducing frustration—two big wins for eCommerce accessibility.

Designing a Payment Flow That’s Smooth and Inclusive

Offer More Than One Way to Pay

Variety in payment methods—credit cards, PayPal, Google Pay, Apple Pay, etc.—ensures different shoppers can complete purchases in a way that suits them. Some assistive technologies work better with certain payment platforms, so having options expands your customer reach.

If You Use CAPTCHAs, Make Them Accessible

Nothing derails a checkout faster than an inaccessible CAPTCHA. If possible, rely on server-side checks. If you do need a CAPTCHA, consider offering an audio version or a more user-friendly alternative. This prevents people with disabilities from being locked out at the final step of their eCommerce accessibility journey.

Choose Accessible Payment Gateways

Third-party payment platforms can introduce new accessibility issues. Do a quick review to ensure any external gateway meets basic WCAG standards and is compatible with screen readers and other assistive tools. Even the best checkout flow can fail if the final payment step isn’t accessible.

Don’t Let Product Filters Be a Barrier

Make Filters Keyboard-Friendly

Checkboxes, sliders, and dropdowns all need to be navigable via keyboard. That means ensuring users can Tab to each control, use arrow keys for sliders, and press Enter or Space to toggle checkboxes or confirm a selection.

Let Users Know What Filters Are Applied

Always make it clear which filters are currently active, both visually and programmatically (via ARIA attributes). This helps sighted users and people using screen readers track their selections and remove or adjust filters easily.

Stick to Native HTML Controls When Possible

While custom-styled checkboxes and radio buttons can look appealing, they often introduce accessibility quirks. Native HTML elements are easier to make accessible:
```
<fieldset>
  <legend>Filter by Size</legend>
  <label><input type="checkbox" name="size" value="small"> Small</label>
  <label><input type="checkbox" name="size" value="medium"> Medium</label>
  <label><input type="checkbox" name="size" value="large"> Large</label>
</fieldset>
```
You can style them to fit your brand while ensuring they work out of the box for most assistive tech. It’s one of the easiest ways to improve eCommerce accessibility.

Testing and Validating Your Work

Start with Automated Tools (But Don’t Stop There)

Tools like Google Lighthouse and WAVE are great starting points. They scan for many common issues, but automated tests can’t cover everything, especially more nuanced user interactions.

Test Manually with Real Assistive Tech

Grab a screen reader like NVDA (Windows) or VoiceOver (Mac). Try using only your keyboard to navigate the site. This hands-on approach reveals a lot about real-world usability that automated checks might miss—especially in areas related to eCommerce accessibility.

Get Feedback from Real Users

If you can, involve people with disabilities in your testing. Their direct experience helps pinpoint issues you might never notice on your own. Real-world feedback is invaluable for refining the shopping journey.

Small Fixes, Big Impact

Building an accessible eCommerce site doesn’t require a complete overhaul. Most improvements, like adding clear labels or structuring forms properly, are quick, incremental changes in your code. These small fixes can significantly enhance the experience for shoppers who rely on assistive technology—and often make the site more pleasant for everyone else as well.

If you want more detailed guidance or an expert review, there are plenty of resources on WCAG and web.dev. You can also team up with 216digital, where we specialize in making sure online stores meet eCommerce accessibility standards from start to finish. Whether you need help with checkout flows, product filtering, or a full-site audit, our team is here to ensure every shopper can complete their purchase with ease.

Remember: inclusive design isn’t just a checkbox—it’s a mindset. By prioritizing eCommerce accessibility at each step of your development process, you’ll build online shopping experiences that truly welcome everyone. And that’s good business for everyone involved.
Greg McNeil

April 4, 2025

How-to Guides

Accessibility, ecommerce website, How-to, WCAG Compliance, Web Accessibility, web developers, web development, Website Accessibility

Alt Text or Image Description? Why Accessibility Comes First

“Should you optimize for SEO or accessibility?” That’s the wrong question.

Let’s be honest—there’s a lot of confusion floating around online, especially on social media, about the difference between alt text and image descriptions. Some folks say you should cram keywords into alt tags. Others say just describe the image “vaguely” for the algorithm. Neither approach helps real people—and they don’t help your brand either.

This article clears things up. We’ll break down the key differences between alt text and image descriptions, explain how both support accessibility and SEO (yes, both!), and offer practical ways to use them well. The goal? Helping you create content that’s not just searchable, but actually usable—for everyone.

Because putting accessibility first doesn’t mean you have to sacrifice SEO. In fact, it means building digital spaces that work better for all users, including search engines.

What Is Alt Text?

Alt text—short for alternative text—is the text you add in HTML to describe an image. It looks something like this:

<img src="pancakes.jpg" alt="Pancakes" />

This little string of text has a few big jobs:

It shows up if an image doesn’t load.
It tells screen readers what the image is for users who can’t see it.
It can help with SEO if written well—but that’s not its main job.

Alt text is usually short and direct. Think “Chocolate cake on a plate” or “Man typing on laptop.” It’s added when you upload images to your website, blog, or CMS.

But here’s the catch: alt text can be too short. It doesn’t always provide enough detail, especially if you’re trying to convey mood, emotion, or complex ideas.

That’s where image descriptions come in.

What Are Image Descriptions?

An image description is a fuller explanation of what an image shows. It’s like telling a story with words instead of just naming what’s in the picture.

Here’s an example:

Alt Text: “Pancakes”

Image Description: “A tall stack of fluffy pancakes covered in golden syrup, powdered sugar, and slices of fresh strawberries and bananas on a white ceramic plate.”

See the difference?

Image descriptions give blind or visually impaired users a more complete picture of what everyone else sees. They may appear near the image in the caption, in surrounding content, or even inside ARIA labels for complex visuals like graphs or maps.

In short: alt text gives a label. Image descriptions give life.

Alt Tags vs. Image Descriptions: Key Differences

Let’s break this down side by side:

Alt Tags	Image Descriptions
Short, a few words	Full sentences
Placed in code (`alt=""`)	In visible content or metadata
Helps screen readers	Helps screen readers and gives more context
SEO-friendly	SEO-friendly
Often auto-generated	Often auto-generated

Think of alt tags as headlines. Image descriptions? They’re the full story.

How Image Descriptions Support Both Accessibility and SEO

Here’s the good news: you don’t have to choose between helping people and helping search engines. Done right, an image description does both.

Let’s say you’re a restaurant. Here’s an example of an image description could look:

“A stack of pancakes from Alexa’s Pancake House, topped with maple syrup, whipped cream, and sliced strawberries.”

This gives a full visual for screen reader users and includes relevant keywords (like your business name) in a natural way.

No stuffing. No tricks. Just useful, clear, descriptive writing.

Tips

Keep your writing simple and honest.
Use your keyword (like image description) naturally—don’t overdo it.
Don’t sacrifice clarity for search performance. Do both.

SEO Pitfalls That Undermine Accessibility

Now let’s talk about what not to do.

Some people think alt text is a great place to dump keywords. That’s a big accessibility mistake. Imagine using a screen reader and hearing:

“Pizza, best pizza, NYC pizza, cheap pizza, pizza restaurant.”

Helpful? Nope. Just frustrating.

Here’s What to Avoid

Keyword packing in alt attributes.
Using phrases that don’t describe the actual image.
Ignoring image descriptions altogether.

A Better Approach

Use short, honest alt text.
Add rich image descriptions nearby for complex images.
Use filenames, captions, and surrounding text to support SEO goals.

Why Accessibility Must Come First

Yes, SEO matters. But accessibility should always come first.

Why?

Because someone who is blind, low-vision, or has a cognitive disability deserves to understand your content just like everyone else. Accessibility means inclusion. It also means better design for all users—including those with slow connections, temporary impairments, or different learning needs.

And let’s not forget: choosing accessibility shows what your brand stands for.

It’s not just for websites either. Platforms like Instagram, Pinterest, and TikTok are full of visuals. People with disabilities use them every day. They deserve full, rich image descriptions too.

Best Practices for Writing Accessible Image Descriptions

Here’s how to get it right:

Keep It Clear and Concise: Avoid long, rambling sentences. Use plain language.
Be Contextual: What’s the purpose of the image? What matters in this moment?
Use Natural Language: Don’t write like a robot. Imagine you’re explaining the image to a friend who can’t see it.
Use Both When Needed: For things like infographics or charts, use a short alt tag and include a detailed image description nearby.
Test with Screen Readers: Listen to how your image description sounds aloud. Would someone understand it without seeing the image?

The Role of Content Creators, Developers, and Marketers

Creating accessible content is a team effort.

Writers and Content Creators: Should know how to write clear image descriptions that include important context.
Developers and Designers: Need to code alt attributes properly and make sure screen readers work well on their platforms.
Marketers and SEO Pros: Can drive results while still being inclusive. Collaboration with accessibility experts is key.

A Better Internet Starts with Better Habits

Here’s the takeaway: You can do both. But accessibility has to come first.

At 216digital, we believe digital accessibility isn’t optional—it’s part of building a better internet. Every well-written image description, every thoughtfully placed alt tag, every small decision adds up.

Not sure if your site is truly accessible? Wondering what your legal obligations are under the ADA?

We can help. Schedule an ADA Accessibility Briefing with our team. It’s your first step toward a more inclusive, compliant, and trustworthy online presence. Let’s build something better—together.

Greg McNeil

April 3, 2025

How-to Guides

Accessibility, Alt text, image description, SEO, WCAG, Web Accessibility

AI Accessibility Platform or Just an Overlay?
The digital accessibility space is flooded with promises. Some companies advertise sleek, one-click solutions to fix web accessibility issues overnight. They now call themselves an “AI accessibility platform” rather than what they truly are: overlays.

It sounds good. Who wouldn’t want artificial intelligence to solve complex compliance problems automatically? But here’s the catch: most of these so-called AI accessibility platforms are just rebranded overlays—front-end widgets that apply a visual layer over a website to appear accessible. They rarely address the root issues. Even worse, they can give businesses a false sense of compliance and leave disabled users frustrated.

What Is an Overlay, Really?

A web accessibility overlay is a third-party tool that’s added to a site through a snippet of JavaScript. It tries to modify the user experience dynamically. Common features include contrast toggles, font size adjustments, keyboard navigation enhancements, and screen reader fixes.

These overlays are easy to install and often marketed as a quick path to ADA or WCAG compliance. Some now claim to use AI to identify and fix accessibility issues in real-time. But while the buzzword changed, the fundamental technology hasn’t.

The AI Smokescreen

Labeling a product as an “AI accessibility platform” gives it an air of sophistication. But in many cases, artificial intelligence plays a minimal role—or none at all. Even when developers use AI to detect accessibility issues, it still can’t replace expert human review or hands-on code-level remediation.

Here’s why that matters:
- AI can miss context. It may detect that an image lacks alt text but can’t determine if the description is meaningful.
- AI can’t restructure content. Accessibility isn’t just about fixing what’s visible—it’s also about semantic structure, logical flow, and proper HTML.
- AI can’t interpret intent. True accessibility requires understanding the purpose of design and interaction elements. That takes human judgment.
In short, AI might help flag issues, but it can’t fix them at scale with the nuance needed for real-world usability.

The Real Risks of Relying on Overlays

Many businesses adopt AI accessibility platform, believing they’re safe from lawsuits. They’re not. In fact, overlays are now being cited in accessibility lawsuits. Plaintiffs and advocacy groups argue that these tools are ineffective and even obstructive.

The risks include:
- Legal exposure. Courts have increasingly ruled that overlays do not ensure ADA compliance. Plaintiffs with disabilities have successfully sued companies using these tools.
- Bad UX for disabled users. Overlays can conflict with screen readers, override user settings, or interfere with native assistive tech.
- False security. Businesses relying on accessibility widgets might mistakenly believe they’re protected, overlooking critical accessibility issues that thorough audits and remediation would easily identify. In fact, in 2024 alone, 1,023 companies using accessibility widgets on their websites faced lawsuits.
What Real Accessibility Looks Like

True digital accessibility is not a checkbox or a plugin. It’s a commitment to inclusivity that starts in your codebase. That means:
- Semantic HTML structure
- Meaningful alt text
- Keyboard navigability
- Proper ARIA roles
- Logical content order
- Form labels and error identification
These elements can’t be patched with JavaScript after the fact. They have to be built into the foundation of your site.

Expert-Led Accessibility Works

This is where companies like 216digital come in. Unlike overlay vendors, 216digital doesn’t promise overnight compliance. Instead, they deliver code-based accessibility services rooted in real expertise.

Their process includes:
- Manual audits by accessibility professionals
- Comprehensive WCAG testing across devices and assistive technologies
- Remediation services that fix issues in your site’s actual code
- Ongoing support to maintain compliance over time
This approach not only improves accessibility for users with disabilities but also strengthens your brand, SEO, and legal compliance.

Don’t Fall for AI Accessibility Platform

Rebranding overlays as “AI accessibility platforms” is a clever marketing move. But it doesn’t make them more effective. Businesses need to look past the buzzwords and focus on what truly matters: building accessible websites that work for real people.

Overlays offer a temporary illusion of compliance. But for lasting accessibility, legal protection, and a genuinely inclusive user experience, expert-led, code-based solutions are the only path forward.

If you’re serious about accessibility, skip the overlay. Choose real remediation. Choose a partner like 216digital who understands that accessibility isn’t just a feature—it’s a foundation.

Start by filling out the contact form below to schedule your complimentary ADA briefing with 216digital today.
Greg McNeil

April 2, 2025

Legal Compliance

Accessibility, Ai and Overlay Widgets, AI-driven accessibility, Overlay, WCAG, Web Accessibility, Widgets
Everything on Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act (AODA)
Did you know that one in five Ontarians has a disability? This means that a large segment of the population faces barriers many of us rarely consider—especially when going online. For businesses and website owners, ignoring accessibility can shut out customers who want your products or services but can’t navigate your site with ease. Creating an accessible experience isn’t just good practice; in Ontario, it’s also the law.

Ontario’s Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act (AODA) was introduced in 2005 to help reduce and remove barriers for people with disabilities. Many businesses still fall short of meeting AODA requirements, even though compliance is mandatory. This article will clarify key regulations under the AODA, explain why it matters, and offer actionable steps to ensure your website is accessible. By the end, you’ll feel more confident in your ability to meet these legal and ethical obligations.

A Quick Overview: What Is the AODA?

The Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act (AODA) is a landmark law passed in 2005. It sets out rules to make everyday life better for people with disabilities in Ontario. While the AODA covers physical spaces, such as ensuring ramps and wide aisles, it also applies to digital properties. In other words, your website, apps, and online documents fall under its scope.

By focusing on technology as well as brick-and-mortar locations, the AODA aims to provide equal access to everyone—whether they’re using a wheelchair, a screen reader, or any other assistive device.

Why was the AODA Needed?

Before the AODA became law, the Ontarians with Disabilities Act (ODA) tried to address similar issues. Passed in 2001, the ODA mainly targeted government agencies. Because it lacked strong enforcement tools, it didn’t do enough to break down barriers in the private and non-profit sectors.

Recognizing these gaps, lawmakers introduced the AODA. Unlike the ODA, the AODA has clear enforcement measures that can include significant penalties for organizations that fail to comply. By building on the lessons from the ODA, the AODA established a more forward-looking system. This system continues to evolve, raising expectations for businesses to be fully inclusive in both physical and virtual environments.

The 5 Standards of the AODA

The AODA is made up of five key standards. Each standard focuses on a different area of daily life, ensuring organizations take a broad approach to accessibility.

Customer Service

This standard ensures that people with disabilities can interact with businesses as smoothly as anyone else. Examples include providing sign language interpreters for events and making store aisles wide enough for wheelchairs or walkers.

Information and Communications

Under this standard, organizations must offer information in accessible formats—like braille, large print, or audio. Websites also need to be designed in ways that people with disabilities can use, which includes ensuring screen readers and other assistive tech can read the content correctly.

Employment

Employers must create equitable hiring and workplace practices. They might offer flexible work hours or specialized equipment to employees with disabilities. The goal is to remove barriers that keep talented individuals from fully contributing at work.

Transportation

Public transit, taxis, and specialized transport services must meet the needs of individuals with mobility, vision, or hearing challenges. This standard helps people with disabilities stay mobile, independent, and connected to their communities.

Design of Public Spaces

This part of the AODA deals with the built environment. It covers things like ramps, tactile guiding surfaces, and other physical accessibility features in newly constructed or renovated public spaces.

AODA and Web Accessibility Requirements

One of the most impactful parts of the AODA is its focus on web accessibility. Under the law, most public and private organizations in Ontario must make their websites comply with the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.1 Level AA. WCAG sets international standards for how to make online content accessible to people with various disabilities. The guidelines come in three levels: A, AA, and AAA. A is the most basic level, while AAA is the most strict. The AODA currently targets Level AA, striking a balance between practicality and inclusivity.

Core Elements of Compliance
- Keyboard-Only Navigation: Making sure users can move through a site without a mouse.
- Alt Text for Images: Providing descriptive text that screen readers can read aloud.
- Sufficient Color Contrast: Text and background colors need enough contrast for people with low vision to read easily.
- Resizable Text: Allowing users to enlarge text without losing important features.
- Assistive Technology Compatibility: Ensuring your site works well with screen readers, voice recognition, and other tools.
If your organization is in Ontario—be it a private company, non-profit, or government body—chances are you need to follow AODA web standards. Companies with 50 or more employees must also file accessibility reports, but even smaller companies should prioritize compliance to serve all customers properly.

AODA Enforcement and Penalties: What’s at Stake?

The Accessibility Directorate of Ontario is in charge of making sure the AODA is followed. If they find you in violation, they can issue warnings and fines. The amount depends on several things:
- How severe the violation is
- Whether it’s a first-time or repeat offense
- Whether it’s an individual or a corporation in violation
Fines can range from a few hundred dollars to $100,000 per day. Beyond the financial risk, non-compliance can harm your reputation. Consumers today expect brands to show responsibility and compassion. Failing to meet AODA requirements may lead potential customers to shop elsewhere.

How to Know if Your Website Is AODA-Compliant

Checking your website against AODA standards can be done in several ways. Automated tools can scan your pages for some basic issues, like missing alt text or poor color contrast. However, these tools only catch part of the problem. A manual audit done by professionals offers deeper insight, finding subtle issues that automated scans often miss—like improper link descriptions or confusing page layouts.

The best approach is usually a mix of both:
- Automated Checks: Quick and helpful for spotting coding errors and missing tags.
- Human Review: Experts test your site with screen readers and other assistive technologies, ensuring a more complete analysis.
Steps to Remediate Accessibility Issues

Achieving AODA compliance is a journey rather than a one-time fix. Here are key steps to help your organization move forward:

Learn WCAG Standards

Study the WCAG 2.0 Level AA requirements. Focus on text contrast, alt text, keyboard navigation, and other essentials.

Run an Accessibility Audit

Use online tools or consult with 216digital for a thorough website review. A professional audit can uncover issues that might go unnoticed with basic scans.

Fix Identified Issues

Some problems can be solved with simple changes like adding alt text or adjusting font sizes. Others might need deeper code updates or rethinking your site’s design.

Train Your Team

If your staff isn’t aware of accessibility best practices, problems will keep popping up. Educate content writers, graphic designers, and developers about inclusive design.

Stay Up to Date

WCAG guidelines and AODA regulations can evolve over time. Keep checking official sources or partner with an accessibility-focused service provider.

Implement Ongoing Monitoring

Tools like 216digital’s a11y.Radar can help you spot and fix new issues before they become major obstacles for users with disabilities.

Conclusion

Meeting the requirements of the AODA isn’t just about avoiding fines—it’s about treating all people with fairness and respect. By making your website accessible, you open your virtual doors to a larger audience, improve your public image, and stay on the right side of the law. More than that, you make a real difference in the lives of those who rely on accessible websites to work, shop, learn, and connect.

If you’re not sure where to begin, start by assessing your site for AODA compliance through an automated and manual audit. From there, put together a plan to fix errors, train staff, and keep up with any changes in the rules. If you need extra support, reach out to specialists like 216digital for expert guidance—whether you want help running an audit or need hands-on assistance to resolve complex issues.

Remember, accessibility isn’t a box you check once; it’s an ongoing commitment that benefits everyone. By embracing the AODA and focusing on web accessibility, you’re doing more than following the law—you’re building a better future for all Ontario residents and online visitors alike.
Greg McNeil

April 1, 2025

Legal Compliance

Accessibility, Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act, accessibility laws, AODA, International Accessibility Laws, Website Accessibility
How to Improve UX for Cognitive Disabilities
Cognitive disabilities can significantly influence how people explore and interpret online information. In many cases, individuals struggle to process, remember, or make sense of digital content unless it is designed with clarity in mind. For example, someone on the autism spectrum might need a consistent and distraction-free interface, while a person with dyslexia could have trouble reading dense paragraphs of text.

Thinking about these needs right from the start of the design process can make your website more inclusive for everyone. Improving usability for people with cognitive disabilities is not only the right thing to do—it also helps you meet legal requirements like the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). Plus, it can boost your business by opening your site to a broader audience, leading to higher user satisfaction and stronger customer loyalty.

Our goal in this article is to outline practical tips that help web designers, developers, and content creators build better experiences for users with cognitive disabilities. Let’s begin by exploring the challenges these users often face.

What Are Cognitive Disabilities, and Who Do They Affect?

Cognitive disabilities are conditions that affect how a person processes, remembers, or understands information. They can take many different forms, from difficulties in reading and language comprehension to struggles with focus, memory, or problem-solving. Although each individual experiences these conditions differently, thoughtful design can make a significant difference in how they interact with digital platforms.

Conditions to Keep in Mind
- Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): Sensitive to sensory overload, prefers predictable layouts and calm environments.
- Dyslexia: Trouble reading and decoding words—clear fonts and layouts help a lot.
- ADHD: Easily distracted, especially on cluttered or busy websites.
- Dyscalculia: Difficulty working with numbers and completing financial tasks.
- Low Literacy: Struggles with reading complex or technical language.
- Short-Term Memory Issues: Finds it hard to follow long, multi-step instructions.
What Makes the Web Difficult to Use?

People with cognitive disabilities often face challenges when using digital content. Here are a few examples:
- Too Much Information: Crowded pages with lots of text or flashing images can feel overwhelming.
- Hard-to-Read Language: Long words or technical terms may confuse readers.
- Unclear Instructions: Vague directions can stop someone from completing a task.
- Tricky Navigation: Menus that change often or aren’t labeled well can make it hard to move around.
- Time Limits: People with cognitive disabilities may need more time to think or read.
By understanding these barriers, we can start designing websites that work better for everyone.

Design That Works: Simple Ways to Improve the Experience

You don’t need to be an expert to make a difference. Here are some easy ways to help users with cognitive disabilities feel more supported and confident online:

Clear and Simple Design Helps Users with Cognitive Disabilities
- Use Descriptive Labels: Clearly label buttons, links, and forms to reduce confusion.
- Maintain Consistency: Use consistent colors, fonts, and layouts to make your site predictable.
- Give Control to Users: Avoid auto-playing videos or endless scrolling; let users control animations.
- Provide Clear Instructions: Highlight required fields and clearly state what’s expected.
- Avoid Unnecessary Time Limits: Allow users with cognitive disabilities extra time or options to extend limits.
- Reduce Memory Demands: Enable copy-pasting for information like verification codes.
- Include Easy Help Options: Offer visible help buttons or live chat support.
Use Friendly and Simple Language
- Simplify Your Language: Use short sentences and avoid technical jargon to support users with cognitive disabilities.
- Write Short, Clear Sentences: Bullet points, short paragraphs, and lists make content easier to understand.
- Add Visual Aids: Icons, images, and short videos can explain content better.
- Offer Clear Error Messages: Clearly explain errors and solutions.
- Keep Terminology Consistent: Use the same words consistently to avoid confusion.
- Optimize Headings and Links: Use descriptive headings and link texts like “Learn more about cognitive disabilities.”
Create a Helpful Layout
- Break Down Tasks: Use steps and progress indicators for complex tasks.
- Use Clear Headings: Properly tag headings to organize content logically.
- Include Visual Cues: Highlight important information with bold text or icons, ensuring good color contrast.
- Use White Space: Space out text and visuals to prevent cognitive overload.
- Allow Customization: Enable users to adjust font sizes and hide unnecessary content.
Web Accessibility Testing for Cognitive Disabilities

Automated Tools Aren’t Enough

Automated tools are useful for catching technical errors but fall short when it comes to evaluating cognitive accessibility. They often miss confusing content or overwhelming layouts. Still, they’re a great place to start.

Tools like Google Lighthouse or WAVE by WebAIM can scan your site for issues such as inconsistent headings, missing form labels, and poor color contrast—factors that contribute to cognitive overload.

Prioritize User Testing

Real user feedback is crucial. Invite individuals with various cognitive disabilities to test your website. Use moderated sessions or remote tools like UserZoom, PlaybookUX, or Lookback to gather feedback. Watching how users interact with your site in real time offers insights that no automated scan can provide.

Commit to Continuous Improvement

Accessibility is not a one-time task—it requires regular attention and maintenance. Revisit your site routinely and re-test after updates to stay aligned with evolving standards. While automated scanners help flag issues, pairing them with ongoing human review ensures a more complete understanding of your site’s accessibility.

For long-term support, consider using an accessibility monitoring platform. A service like 216digital’s a11y.radar can help track accessibility over time, spot recurring problems, and support timely updates. Monitoring also provides valuable data to guide improvements and measure progress.

Keep It Simple, Keep It Kind

Designing with these challenges in mind is both a moral responsibility and a way to broaden your reach. By reducing cognitive load, simplifying language, and maintaining a well-organized layout, you can create a website that is easier to use and welcoming for people who face challenges with concentration, memory, or reading comprehension.

Remember that web accessibility is not just a one-time fix but an ongoing journey. Through regular testing, user feedback, and updates, you can keep your site aligned with modern accessibility standards and user expectations.

For businesses seeking expert guidance on making their digital experiences more accessible, 216digital offers tailored solutions that enhance usability and ensure compliance. By prioritizing users with cognitive disabilities, we foster an online world where everyone feels capable, respected, and included.

Every small step you take toward making your site more inclusive counts. By learning about best practices, applying user feedback, and reaching out for expert help when needed, you can build platforms that truly welcome and support all people—including those with cognitive disabilities.
Greg McNeil

March 31, 2025

The Benefits of Web Accessibility

Accessibility, cognitive disabilities, WCAG, Website Accessibility
Alt Text: Why Marketing Copy Hurts Accessibility
Have you ever hovered over an image on a webpage and noticed a small snippet of text appear? That text is called “alt text,” and it plays a powerful role in how people experience your site—especially those who rely on screen readers. Yet it often remains an afterthought. That’s a problem. When handled correctly, it not only helps visually impaired users understand your images, but it can also support your SEO goals. On the other hand, stuffing alt text with keywords or using it as hidden ad space can frustrate visitors and hurt your search rankings.

In this article, you’ll learn why alternative text matters, how it benefits both accessibility and SEO, and how to write it in a clear, concise, and helpful way rather than a spammy or sales-focused one. Whether you’re a solo entrepreneur, a web developer, or part of a digital marketing team, these principles will help you craft alt text that meets user needs without alienating search engines—or your audience.

Why Alt Text Matters

Imagine you’re shopping for a laptop case online, and you can’t see the product images. Screen reader users rely on alt text to “hear” what’s happening in each image, from color to texture. If it is nothing more than “Get the best laptop case here,” that user is left with zero details about the product. They might simply leave for a site that offers the information they need. When you write alt text that clearly states “Black leather laptop case with a zipper and handle,” you empower all customers, including those with visual impairments, to make informed decisions.

SEO Wins

Search engines analyze alt text to better understand what each image represents. This can give your site a leg up in search rankings for relevant queries. However, algorithms have grown smart enough to recognize keyword-stuffed or spammy text. If your alt text reads like a desperate attempt to shoehorn “laptop case” 10 times, you might do more harm than good. Concise, descriptive text helps Google and other search engines match your site with the people who genuinely want to find your products.

Common Alt Text Pitfalls

Keyword Overuse

It can be tempting to sneak in extra keywords to boost SEO. But endless repetition—like “car seat protector, seat protector for cars, vinyl seat protector”—makes the text clunky and unhelpful. Search algorithms can detect spammy patterns, and users who rely on screen readers will find the repetition tedious or confusing.

Marketing Copy Disguised as Descriptions

Some site owners treat alt text fields as free ad space, writing something like:

“Our top-selling leather laptop case, now 20% off! Don’t miss this exclusive deal—buy today!“

While it may read like a catchy tagline, it doesn’t describe the image. A screen reader user learns nothing about color, texture, or design. Plus, Google doesn’t benefit from vague promotional language and might even flag your page as low-quality.

Empty or Missing Alt Text

Perhaps the biggest mistake is neglecting alt text entirely. In that case, a screen reader user hears nothing—just empty space—making it impossible to engage with or understand the image. If a product image is critical to your sales, that’s a huge missed opportunity.

Repeating “Image of”

Screen readers already announce that an element is an image. If your alt text says “Image of a black laptop case,” it’s redundant. Jump straight to the essential details: “Black leather laptop case with a zipper and handle.”

Writing Alt Text the Right Way

Focus on Real Descriptions

The primary function of alt text is to describe the image so someone can visualize it through words. For a black vinyl car seat protector, a simple yet complete phrase might be:

“Black vinyl seat protector on the driver’s seat with a zippered pocket.”

This gives useful details while remaining concise—no filler like “best seat protector,” no repeated keywords, and no promotional language.

Keep It Concise Yet Informative

Alt text generally doesn’t need to be more than one or two short sentences. Offer key details without overwhelming the user. For a laptop case, mentioning the color, material, and whether it has a handle or zipper is usually enough. Screen reader users just need the essentials to identify or comprehend the image.

Context Is Important

If the image has a functional role—like a button or a link—clarify that. For instance, if users click an image to add a product to their cart:

“Add to cart button for black vinyl seat protector”

This way, a screen reader announces the function, not just the object in the image.

Skip Redundant Phrases

Screen readers typically announce that an element is an image, so writing “Image of” or “Graphic showing” is unnecessary. Go straight into the description. It keeps your text short and saves valuable time for the user.

The Real-World Impact of Bad Alt Text

Frustrating Users

When alt text is stuffed with marketing copy or random keywords, it becomes meaningless for users with visual impairments. They hear a repetitive sales pitch instead of valuable information. This frustration often leads them to abandon your site, which hurts your brand image—and your bottom line.

Possible Legal Ramifications

In an era of heightened focus on digital accessibility, businesses risk legal consequences by not meeting basic standards. Some organizations have faced lawsuits for failing to include alt text. While legal outcomes vary by location and industry, it’s best to be proactive.

Lower Search Engine Rankings

Search engines want to display content that offers value. If your alt text is obviously spammy or unhelpful, algorithms may penalize your pages or push them further down the results. A high bounce rate—where users leave quickly due to poor user experience—also signals to Google that your site isn’t meeting visitor needs.

Practical Steps to Improve Your Alt Text

Conduct an Alt Text Audit

Start by reviewing your site for missing or poor-quality alt text. Tools like the WAVE Web Accessibility Evaluation Tool highlight potential issues. Many SEO platforms also include site audits that can reveal duplicated alternative text text or keyword stuffing.

Leverage AI Judiciously

AI can be a lifesaver if you have thousands of product images. Tools like Google Vision offer automated descriptions, but they’re not always accurate. AI might misidentify colors or add superfluous words, so always review automatically generated alt text for accuracy and clarity.

Follow Recognized Guidelines

The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) provide standardized advice on writing effective alternative. Aim to:
- Describe the image’s important details.
- Keep it concise.
- Skip filler words like “picture of.”
- Use empty alt text (alt=" ") for purely decorative images that don’t add information.
Test with Real Users

Whenever possible, invite screen reader users to test your site. No automated tool can replace real feedback from people who use assistive technology daily. They’ll quickly tell you if your alt text is too vague, too repetitive, or missing crucial details. Their firsthand insights can highlight any confusion or gaps.

Best Practices at a Glance
- Prioritize clarity: Let users know exactly what they’re “seeing” through your words.
- Stick to relevant details: Think color, material, function, or context—not ad slogans.
- Limit keywords: A single, well-placed keyword can assist SEO. Overuse can sabotage it.
- Adapt to the image: Product angles differ, so describe each image’s unique perspective.
- Check surrounding text: If “black laptop case” appears in the product name next to the image, you may not need to repeat it in the alt text.
Conclusion

In today’s competitive online environment, you can’t afford to overlook the importance of alt text. A single line of well-chosen words can be the difference between an inclusive, intuitive user experience and a site that feels incomplete to a significant segment of your audience. By writing concise, descriptive alt text—free from keyword stuffing and promotional fluff—you create a more welcoming website and help search engines better understand your content.

If you’re ready to enhance your site’s accessibility while protecting its SEO standing, consider partnering with 216digital. We’ll help you fine-tune your alt text (and the rest of your site) so that every visitor, whether they see your images or hear them described, gets the information they need. Embracing accessibility and clarity isn’t just the right thing to do—it’s also a savvy move for your online presence.
Greg McNeil

March 28, 2025

The Benefits of Web Accessibility

Accessibility, Alt text, How-to, Image Alt Text, Marketing, SEO, WCAG, Website Accessibility
Accordion Accessibility: Common Issues & Fixes
Organizing content effectively on the web is about more than just layout—it’s about usability and inclusivity. When users are forced to scroll through long pages of uninterrupted text, the experience becomes inefficient and frustrating.

Enter accordion components: interactive UI elements that allow content sections to be expanded or collapsed. When implemented correctly, accordion accessibility streamlines navigation and improves content organization. However, if accessibility is overlooked, these helpful components can quickly become barriers.

This guide explores how to design accessible accordion components that enhance the user experience and meet all users’ needs—regardless of their abilities. We’ll cover best practices for structure, semantics, ARIA attributes, keyboard support, and implementation strategies to help you build inclusive, user-friendly interfaces.

Why Accordion Accessibility Matters

Accordions are essential: they reduce visual clutter and allow users to interact with content on their terms. Whether it’s an FAQ page, a product feature breakdown, or technical documentation, accordions help surface only the content that matters at the moment.

However, it’s crucial to remember that not all users interact with content similarly. Screen reader users, keyboard-only users, and others with varying access needs must be able to operate accordions just as easily as those using a mouse or touchscreen. Accessible design isn’t just a nice-to-have—it’s an essential component of responsible development.

The Building Blocks of an Accordion Accessibility-Friendly Component

1. Structure: Header and Panel

Every accordion should be composed of two core parts:

Header (Trigger)

A clickable element (typically a <button>) that users activate to show or hide content. It usually includes a descriptive label and may feature visual indicators like arrows or plus/minus icons.

Panel (Content)

The content is associated with the header. It should be hidden from view and keyboard focus when collapsed and fully accessible when expanded.

For effective accordion accessibility, each header must be clearly linked to its corresponding panel—visually for sighted users and programmatically for assistive technologies.

2. Keyboard Navigation

One of the most common accessibility pitfalls with accordion components is insufficient keyboard support. If users can’t operate your interface without a mouse, it’s not accessible.

Your accordion must support the following interactions:
- Tab / Shift + Tab: Move between focusable elements, including accordion headers.
- Enter or Space: Expand or collapse the currently focused header.
- Arrow Up / Arrow Down: Navigate between accordion headers.
- Home / End: Jump to the first or last header within the accordion group.
By supporting these interactions, you ensure that keyboard users have the same level of control as mouse users.

3. Use Semantic HTML

Semantic HTML provides the backbone of accessibility. It ensures assistive technologies can understand the structure and function of your content without additional cues.

Best Practices for Accordion Accessibility
- Use heading elements (<h3>, <h4>, etc.) to maintain the document outline.
- Place a <button> inside the heading to toggle visibility.
- Wrap panel content in a <div> that follows its associated button.
Why <button> and not <div> or <a>?

Buttons are keyboard-focusable by default, accessible to screen readers, and support interactions like Enter and Space. Enter and Space. If you rely on <div> or <a> for toggling, you’ll need extra code to achieve the same level of accordion accessibility.

4. Implementing ARIA Attributes

ARIA (Accessible Rich Internet Applications) attributes enhance accessibility when native HTML doesn’t fully express an element’s role or state. In custom accordions, these attributes help communicate dynamic behavior to assistive technologies.

ARIA Attributes for Accordion Accessibility
- aria-expanded: Indicates the panel’s expanded (true) or collapsed (false) state. Applied to the button.
- aria-controls: Points to the id of the panel controlled by the button.
- aria-labelledby: Applied to the panel, this links it back to its header button for context.
- aria-hidden:Use decorative icons or non-informative content to prevent screen readers from announcing them.
These attributes ensure that screen reader users receive clear, relevant information about the accordion’s behavior and structure.

Implementation Examples

Option 1: Native HTML with <details> and <summary>

For a semantic-first approach, HTML offers a native accordion-like behavior:
```
<details>
  <summary>Shipping Information</summary>
  <div>
    <p>We offer free shipping on orders over $50...</p>
  </div>
</details>
```
Pros
- Minimal code
- Built-in keyboard support
- Accessible by default in modern browsers
Cons
- Styling can be limited
- Inconsistent support across all assistive technologies
This is a great lightweight option for simple use cases but may fall short in more complex interfaces.

Option 2: Custom JavaScript Accordion with ARIA

If you need more control, a custom accordion allows full styling and behavior management—just be sure to handle accordion accessibility properly.

HTML Structure
```
<h3>
  <button aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="panel1" id="accordion1">
    Shipping Info
  </button>
</h3>
<div id="panel1" role="region" aria-labelledby="accordion1" hidden>
  <p>We offer free shipping on orders over $50...</p>
</div>
```
JavaScript snippet
```
const buttons = document.querySelectorAll('button[aria-expanded]'); buttons.forEach((button) => { const toggleAccordion = () => { const expanded = button.getAttribute('aria-expanded') === 'true'; button.setAttribute('aria-expanded', String(!expanded)); const panel = document.getElementById(button.getAttribute('aria-controls')); panel.hidden = expanded; }; button.addEventListener('click', toggleAccordion); button.addEventListener('keydown', (event) => { if (event.key === 'Enter') { toggleAccordion(); } }); });
```
This implementation not only handles basic interaction but also improves navigation for keyboard users. Combined with semantic structure and ARIA, it creates a robust and inclusive experience.

Best Practices to Keep in Mind
- Use Clear Labels: Avoid generic labels like “Section 1.” Use descriptive headers that make sense out of context.
- Provide Visual Cues: Arrows or plus/minus icons help users understand that a section is expandable. Consider animations that reinforce open/close behavior.
- Maintain Focus Indicators: Never remove focus outlines unless you’re replacing them with custom indicators that are just as visible.
- Be Selective with Accordions: Don’t hide critical content. It should be visible by default if the information is essential (e.g., pricing, legal disclaimers).
Testing Accessibility

Even well-intended implementations can miss the mark without testing. Include accessibility testing as part of your development workflow:
- Keyboard-Only Testing: Navigate the accordion entirely by keyboard.
- Screen Reader Testing: Use tools like NVDA, JAWS, or VoiceOver to check for correct announcements.
- Automated Tools: Run your component through tools like WAVE, or Lighthouse to identify missing attributes or ARIA misuse.
- Manual Code Review: Double-check that all attributes, labels, and roles are properly implemented.
Final Thoughts

Accessible accordions do more than organize content—they foster a better, more inclusive web. By prioritizing structure, semantics, ARIA roles, and thoughtful interaction design, you empower all users to engage with your content meaningfully.

If you’re unsure where to start or want to ensure your components meet accessibility standards, consider working with an experienced accessibility partner like 216digital. We specialize in helping teams build digital experiences that work for everyone—by default, and with accordion accessibility baked in.
Greg McNeil

March 27, 2025

How-to Guides

Accessibility, accordion, accordion accessibility, How-to, web developers, web development, Website Accessibility

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