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  • Website Accessibility: Unlock the $1 Trillion Boomer Market

    Let’s cut to it: lawsuits are on the rise, the DOJ is getting louder, and still, website accessibility is falling behind. According to the 2024 WebAIM Million Report, over 96% of home pages leave basic users behind.

    Now, here’s the twist—this isn’t just about users with disabilities. As Baby Boomers age, they’re bumping into the same digital roadblocks: tiny fonts, confusing layouts, and missing captions. The generation with the most wealth and buying power is being quietly shut out of online experiences.

    That’s not just a problem. It’s a missed opportunity—one your business doesn’t have to make.

    The Boomer Market Isn’t Just Big—It’s Engaged

    Baby Boomers control over half of U.S. household wealth and spend more than $548 billion annually—54% more than Gen X. This isn’t just a large demographic—it’s one of the most financially influential.

    And despite common assumptions, they’re anything but offline. Boomers were early adopters of desktop computers and used digital tools throughout their careers. COVID only accelerated their tech use: more than 75% relied on digital platforms to stay connected. Today, they’re the fastest-growing demographic on Facebook and actively shop, research, and consume content online.

    But even with their high engagement, 42% of Boomers feel today’s tech isn’t designed with them in mind. That’s telling. They’re using your website—but they’re noticing the friction. They’re experiencing the same usability challenges as people with disabilities: small fonts, poor contrast, complex navigation, and inaccessible features.

    That disconnect isn’t just frustrating—it’s costing you revenue.

    Website Accessibility Serves Boomers and Beyond

    When you improve website accessibility, you’re not only helping people with disabilities. You’re also meeting the needs of aging users whose vision, hearing, and motor skills may be declining. And let’s be honest—those needs overlap more than most businesses realize.

    From low-contrast text and missing alt tags to menus that don’t work with screen readers or keyboards, these digital obstacles show up for both groups. Combine 61 million Americans with disabilities and 71 million Boomers, and you’re looking at over $1 trillion in buying power. That’s not a niche audience—that’s your core market, quietly looking elsewhere when your site isn’t built for them.

    The Clock Is Ticking on Compliance

    If all of that weren’t reason enough, the legal pressure is mounting.

    New federal guidelines now require state and local government websites to meet WCAG 2.1 AA standards by 2026 under ADA Title II. Colorado passed HB 21-1110, mandating compliance at the state level. And the European Accessibility Act kicks in by July 2025, meaning even U.S. businesses that serve EU citizens need to be ready.

    Digital accessibility is no longer optional. The more you delay, the more risk your organization takes on—from lawsuits and demand letters to PR backlash. But on the flip side, getting ahead of it shows leadership, social responsibility, and long-term thinking.

    And let’s not forget the DEI angle. If you’ve made public commitments to Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion, accessibility has to be part of that strategy. Your digital spaces should reflect the same values you promote in your hiring, culture, and customer experience.

    What You Gain by Getting Accessibility Right

    Yes, website accessibility helps you avoid legal headaches. But the upside is bigger than just compliance. It’s about real business growth:

    • You reach more people. Boomers, people with disabilities, and anyone using older tech or assistive tools can interact with your site more easily.
    • You boost your brand’s reputation. When you show up for all of your customers, they take notice—and they talk about it.
    • You improve your SEO. Accessible sites tend to follow best practices that also help with search rankings, like structured content and alt text.
    • You future-proof your digital assets. Investing in accessibility now makes updates and compliance easier down the line—and helps you stay ready for whatever comes next.

    How to Actually Make Accessibility Happen

    Here’s the reality: true website accessibility doesn’t happen with one plugin or quick fix. It takes intention and the right approach. Start here:

    1. Run a proper manual audit. Automated tools can only catch so much. A real audit includes human testing—often with screen readers and keyboard-only navigation.
    2. Fix what matters, the right way. Work with qualified experts to remediate issues at the code level. Cosmetic workarounds don’t cut it.
    3. Avoid accessibility overlays. They often break more than they fix, and they won’t protect you from legal claims.
    4. Train your team. Designers, developers, and content creators should know the basics of accessibility and integrate it into their daily work.
    5. Keep testing. Set up regular automated checks, but also schedule manual audits periodically—especially when updating your site.
    6. Document your efforts. Maintain a clear paper trail of what you’ve done and when. It matters for internal accountability and external validation.

    Keep on Scrollin’: Why Website Accessibility Pays

    This isn’t just about doing the right thing—it’s about doing the smart thing. Boomers are online, they have money to spend, and they’re running into digital barriers that your business can easily remove. The same goes for millions of Americans living with disabilities. Together, they represent a massive—and often overlooked—market.

    Website accessibility isn’t a checkbox. It’s a chance to serve more people, grow your business, and future-proof your brand.

    At 216digital, we specialize in helping brands like yours turn accessibility into a competitive advantage. From audits to remediation to long-term strategy, we’re here to help you build a web experience that works for everyone—and pays off in real results.

    Want to unlock the trillion-dollar Boomer market? Let’s get started. Contact 216digital today.

    Greg McNeil

    April 23, 2025
    The Benefits of Web Accessibility
    Accessibility, Benefits of Web Accessibility, Digital Marketing, Marketing, Web Accessibility, Website Accessibility
  • UK Accessibility Laws: What You Need to Know

    Have you ever clicked on a website that just didn’t work the way it should? Maybe the text was hard to read, the buttons didn’t respond, or a pop-up blocked the screen with no way to close it. Now imagine facing those kinds of barriers every single day.

    For more than 16 million people in the UK living with a disability, this isn’t just an occasional frustration — it’s a constant roadblock. And when websites and digital tools aren’t built with accessibility in mind, they can shut people out entirely.

    In the UK, accessibility isn’t just a nice idea. It’s the law. If you run a website, app, or digital service, it’s important to understand the accessibility laws that apply — and what you can do to comply.

    1. The UK Accessibility Laws

    The Equality Act 2010

    This foundational law underpins all UK accessibility laws. It applies to both public and private organizations and protects individuals from discrimination.

    If you sell products, offer services, or manage a digital platform, you’re expected to make “reasonable adjustments” so people with disabilities can access what you offer. That includes websites and mobile apps.

    Although the law doesn’t spell out technical details, UK courts and regulators typically point to the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) as the benchmark for compliance.

    Public Sector Bodies Accessibility Regulations 2018

    These regulations strengthen the Equality Act by applying specific digital requirements to public sector websites and apps. They mandate compliance with WCAG 2.1 Level AA (updated to WCAG 2.2 AA), and require public bodies to:

    • Publish an accessibility statement outlining compliance and known issues
    • Audit their digital content regularly
    • Continuously improve accessibility

    These rules apply to government departments, NHS services, schools, and more — with a few exceptions, such as staff-only school websites and certain heritage content.

    BS 8878: The UK Accessibility Standard

    BS 8878 is a voluntary standard that provides a practical framework for including accessibility in digital projects. It encourages early planning, clear roles, and ongoing testing. While not a legal requirement, it’s a helpful guide for organizations building inclusive systems.

    The European Accessibility Act (EAA)

    Though the UK has left the EU, the EAA still matters for UK businesses that serve EU customers. If your digital products reach across borders, you may be subject to EU accessibility laws. Failing to comply can lead to legal and financial consequences. Planning for global accessibility from the start is the safest approach.

    Understanding WCAG: The Global Accessibility Guide

    WCAG are global standards established by the W3C to enhance web accessibility for individuals with various disabilities, including those affecting vision, hearing, mobility, and cognition.

    WCAG is designed to help web developers, designers, and content creators make digital experiences usable for people with a wide range of disabilities — including visual, hearing, cognitive, and mobility challenges.

    Even though WCAG isn’t a law in itself, it’s the benchmark that courts, regulators, and organizations across the UK (and globally) use to judge accessibility. In fact, both the Equality Act 2010 and the Public Sector Accessibility Regulations rely on WCAG as the go-to standard.

    The most current version required by UK public sector regulations is WCAG 2.2 Level AA, though previous versions (like WCAG 2.1) are still widely referenced. Whether you’re in the public or private sector, aiming for Level AA is a smart and future-proof move.

    The POUR Principles

    WCAG is built around four guiding principles, known as POUR. They form the foundation of accessible digital design:

    • Perceivable – Content must be presented in ways users can recognize
    • Operable – Users must be able to interact with and navigate your site
    • Understandable – Content and navigation must be clear and predictable
    • Robust – Content must work across devices, browsers, and assistive technologies

    Key WCAG Requirements

    Some of the most impactful requirements include:

    • Text alternatives for images and media
    • Full keyboard navigation support
    • Sufficient color contrast
    • Clear heading structures and form labels
    • Avoiding flashing or blinking content that could trigger seizures

    What Compliance Actually Looks Like

    Not sure where to begin? Start simple — and build from there.

    Run an Accessibility Audit

    Start with a self-assessment using tools like WAVE or Google Lighthouse for a high-level review. Follow that with manual testing — screen readers, keyboard-only navigation, and real user feedback can reveal deeper issues that automated tools miss.

    Fix the Biggest Barriers First

    Focus on fixes that make an immediate difference. This includes:

    • Inaccessible forms
    • Poor color contrast
    • Missing alt text
    • Non-descriptive links
    • Broken keyboard navigation

    These improvements can help people complete key tasks — like contacting you, booking a service, or completing a purchase.

    Create and Publish an Accessibility Statement

    Public sector organizations are required to do this, but private companies should consider it, too. A good statement includes:

    • The WCAG level your site currently meets
    • Any areas that still need improvement
    • Contact information for accessibility issues
    • Your plans for ongoing updates

    Train Your Team

    Accessibility isn’t just for developers. Writers, designers, marketers, and customer service teams all play a role. Provide training so everyone understands their part and knows how to apply best practices.

    Integrate Accessibility into Every Project

    The earlier you consider accessibility, the better. Include it in planning documents, design briefs, and test plans from the beginning. It’s easier (and more cost-effective) than fixing issues after launch.

    Monitor and Maintain

    Accessibility is not a “set it and forget it” task. Whenever you update your site, add a video, or launch a new form, test again. Keep your accessibility statement current, and consider partnering with a team that offers ongoing accessibility monitoring and support.

    What Happens If You Don’t Comply With UK Accessibility Laws?

    Failing to meet UK accessibility laws can have serious consequences:

    • Legal action: Users can take legal steps under the Equality Act — and courts have ruled in their favor.
    • Enforcement: Public sector websites are actively monitored and held accountable.
    • Costly retrofits: Fixing issues after launch is far more expensive than designing accessibly from the start.
    • Reputation risk: Exclusion hurts your brand — and word spreads.
    • Lost business: Around 21% of the UK population lives with a disability. If your digital services aren’t accessible, you’re shutting out millions of potential customers.

    Conclusion: You Don’t Have to Do This Alone

    UK accessibility laws are clear — and so is the need for action. But this isn’t just about avoiding lawsuits. It’s about creating better, fairer digital spaces for everyone.

    Accessibility is an investment in your site’s usability, your brand’s reputation, and your organization’s future. Prioritize it now, and you’ll not only meet the law — you’ll lead with inclusion.

    At 216digital, we make the journey easier. From in-depth audits and team training to development support and monitoring, we help organizations meet accessibility laws and build digital experiences that work for everyone.

    Need help meeting UK accessibility laws? Start with a free consultation from 216digital. Let’s build something better — together.

    Greg McNeil

    April 22, 2025
    Legal Compliance
    accessibility laws, International Accessibility Laws, UK, WCAG, WCAG 2.1, WCAG 2.2
  • The Role of Voice Search in Web Accessibility

    You’ve probably asked your phone a question today without thinking twice. Maybe it was Siri checking the weather or Alexa queuing up your favorite playlist. That’s voice search doing its thing—and it’s woven into how we interact with the digital world now.

    But here’s something you might not realize: the same structure that helps your site show up in voice search also makes it more accessible to people who use screen readers and other assistive tools. When we talk about building for voice technology, we’re also talking about building for inclusion.

    Let’s dig into how these two ideas go hand in hand—and why getting your structure right is the secret sauce.

    Getting on the Same Page: What Are Voice Search and Accessibility?

    Voice search means using your voice to ask a device a question or give it a command. You might say, “What’s the weather like today?” or “Find gluten-free pizza near me.” Then Siri, Google Assistant, or Alexa takes your words, figures out what you meant, and pulls up the best answer.

    Behind the scenes, voice search uses natural language processing (NLP) and smart algorithms to understand what you’re saying—even if you don’t use perfect grammar. It’s fast, hands-free, and often easier than typing—especially on small screens.

    What Do We Mean by Accessibility?

    Web accessibility means making websites usable for everyone—including people with visual, hearing, motor, or cognitive disabilities. That might mean someone uses a keyboard instead of a mouse or listens to a screen reader read out loud what’s on a page.

    When we design for accessibility, we’re saying, “Hey, your ability shouldn’t limit your access to information.”

    Where These Two Worlds Meet

    Here’s the interesting part: the same choices that make your website accessible also help it work better for voice search. If your website is easy to read and well-organized, it’s easier for a voice assistant to grab your content and turn it into an answer. That’s the beauty of thoughtful design—it works for everyone.

    Why Semantic Structure Is the Secret Ingredient

    What Is Semantic Structure, and Why Should You Care?

    Semantic HTML uses tags like <header>, <article>, and <nav> to describe what parts of your content mean—not just how they look. So, instead of using a <div> for everything, semantic structure helps define sections of your page in a meaningful way.

    Why does this matter? Because both screen readers and voice search tools rely on that structure to understand your content. It’s like giving your website a roadmap.

    Helping Screen Readers Do Their Job

    When a person who is blind visits your site, they may use a screen reader to “hear” your content. Semantic HTML tells that screen reader, “Hey, this is a menu,” or “This is a headline.” Without that structure, the screen reader just sees a mess of code—and the user gets lost.

    Boosting Your Content’s Voice Search Visibility

    Search engines also use your page’s structure to figure out what it’s about. If your content is organized clearly, Google is more likely to surface it as a top answer when someone uses voice search. That means you’re helping users—and helping your business.

    Making Your Website Voice-Friendly and Accessible

    Use Clear, Logical Headings

    Good headings help everyone navigate your content, whether they’re reading or listening. Think of your headers like signs on a hiking trail—they guide people through your information. A proper heading structure also makes it easier for voice search to understand what your content covers.

    Let your headings follow a natural outline: start with <h1> for your main title, then <h2>, <h3>, and so on. This creates a roadmap that screen readers and voice assistants can follow with ease. No guessing. No confusion. Just clear, easy-to-scan information.

    Don’t Skip the Alt Text

    The alt text describes what’s in an image. This helps people who use screen readers, but it also helps search engines—and, by extension, voice assistants—figure out what your images are about. Well-written alt text is a win-win.

    Think of it as giving your images a voice—so they’re not just seen but understood.

    Make Navigation Intuitive

    Menus should be simple, predictable, and keyboard-friendly. If someone can use a keyboard or screen reader to get around your site easily, it’s more likely that voice tech can too. Clear navigation helps everyone find what they need—faster.

    Avoid clever layouts that might look nice visually but confuse assistive tools. Stick with patterns that are familiar and functional.

    Mobile-First Means Voice-Ready

    More people use voice search on mobile than on desktops. So if your site doesn’t work well on mobile, you’re missing out. Make sure buttons are easy to tap, content fits the screen, and nothing requires a mouse to work.

    Voice users often multitask—cooking, driving, and walking the dog. If your mobile layout stumbles, so does your voice experience.

    Speed Isn’t Optional

    Slow sites hurt everyone—especially those using screen readers or voice assistants who expect fast answers. A quick-loading page means users get what they need without waiting, and voice search can grab your content more efficiently.

    And let’s face it—no one likes waiting for a spinning wheel to load, whether you’re typing, tapping, or talking.

    Content Tips That Work for Everyone—Humans and Machines

    Write the Way People Talk

    People don’t speak the same way they write essays. So, if you want to show up in voice search, write like you’re having a conversation. Use simple words. Short sentences. Ask and answer common questions the way real people would say them out loud.

    Answer Questions Up Front

    Most voice search queries are questions. So structure your content to answer those questions clearly, right at the top. Think of how someone might ask: “How do I bake a potato?” Then make sure your content responds directly: “To bake a potato, preheat your oven to 400°F…”

    It’s not just helpful—it’s exactly what voice assistants are scanning for.

    Use Schema Markup to Give Extra Context

    Schema markup is a special kind of code that gives search engines more information about your content—whether it’s a recipe, an event, or a FAQ. Adding schema helps your chances of being chosen for a voice search response.

    It’s like giving search engines a detailed map of your page—and better maps mean better directions for your users.

    How to Make Your Website More Accessible (And Keep It That Way)

    Start with the Guidelines

    The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) are the gold standard for accessible web design. They cover everything from contrast ratios to keyboard navigation. Learn them. Use them. Live by them.

    Run an Accessibility Audit

    Even the best teams miss things. That’s why regular audits matter. Use free tools like WAVE by WebAIM or Google Lighthouse to find common issues. Or better yet, partner with a team like 216digital to run a full audit and get expert help fixing what matters most.

    Train Your Team

    Accessibility isn’t just the dev team’s job. Everyone who touches your website—designers, developers, writers—should know basic accessibility best practices. Make it part of your process, not an afterthought.

    Keep Learning and Adapting

    The internet changes. So do the rules. Stay updated on WCAG changes, and keep checking your site to make sure it stays compliant and user-friendly.

    Monitor Accessibility Over Time

    Tools like 216digital’s a11y.Radar helps you stay ahead of problems. Ongoing monitoring means fewer surprises, better user experiences, and less risk.

    Hey Siri, Let’s Wrap This Up

    At the end of the day, building an accessible website makes it easier for everyone to use—including people talking to their phones. Voice search and accessibility rely on the same thing: clear structure, thoughtful design, and content that makes sense to both people and machines.

    Whether you’re a developer, designer, marketer, or writer, now’s the time to build with both in mind. Because the future of the web isn’t just visual—it’s vocal.

    Ready to make your website more accessible, voice-search friendly, and future-ready?

    216digital can help you every step of the way—from accessibility audits and developer training to ongoing monitoring with our a11y.Radar service. Contact us today to start building a more inclusive digital experience.

    Greg McNeil

    April 21, 2025
    The Benefits of Web Accessibility
    Accessibility, Digital Marketing, Marketing, SEO, voice search, Web Accessibility, Website Accessibility
  • Accessible Form Validation: A Developer’s Guide

    Forms are everywhere—login screens, signups, feedback surveys, checkout pages. They’re a cornerstone of user interaction on the web. But here’s the thing: if users can’t fill them out easily and accurately, your form isn’t just failing them—it’s failing your business.

    That’s where accessible forms come in. Accessible forms aren’t just about ticking boxes for compliance—they’re about creating better experiences for everyone. Whether someone is using a screen reader, navigating with a keyboard, or dealing with cognitive or motor disabilities, your form should guide, inform, and support them from first click to final submit.

    This guide will walk you through the essentials of accessible form validation, based on WCAG guidelines 3.3.1 through 3.3.4. No legalese—just practical advice you can implement today.

    Meet the Guidelines: WCAG 3.3.1 to 3.3.4

    Let’s simplify the four WCAG success criteria most relevant to form validation:

    • 3.3.1 Error Identification: If something goes wrong, users need to know what happened and where it happened.
    • 3.3.2 Labels or Instructions: Don’t make users guess. Tell them what’s required.
    • 3.3.3 Error Suggestion: If they make a mistake, suggest how to fix it. Don’t just point and shake your digital finger.
    • 3.3.4 Error Prevention: For serious forms (like taxes, legal documents, or financial data), build in checks to stop mistakes before they happen.

    Together, these guidelines form the foundation of truly accessible forms.

    Labeling: The First Step Toward Clarity

    Every good form starts with clear, semantic labeling. You’re not just adding text—you’re defining meaning and context for both users and assistive technologies.

    • Use the <label> element, and link it to the input with for="input-id" and id="input-id".
    • Place labels above the form field, not beside or inside. It’s easier to scan and better supported by screen readers.
    • Be concise but descriptive. Instead of “Name,” try “Full Name (First and Last).”

    Skipping proper labels is one of the fastest ways to make your form inaccessible—and one of the easiest problems to fix.

    Inline Error Messaging: Real-Time Feedback That Actually Helps

    Don’t let users fill out a whole form only to learn they messed up three fields. Inline validation catches issues in real time, helping users correct them before they submit.

    • Position error messages near the field—ideally right below or beside it.
    • Keep the language helpful and plain: “Password must be at least 8 characters.”
    • Use aria-live="polite" to announce error messages as they appear for screen readers.

    This creates accessible forms that support users proactively instead of punishing them after the fact.

    Don’t Skip aria-describedby

    Want to add help text, error messages, or extra instructions that screen readers can pick up? Use aria-describedby.

    This attribute lets you associate one or more descriptions with a form control. It’s a game-changer for accessible forms, especially when validation feedback or detailed guidance is involved.

    Example:

    <input id="email" aria-describedby="emailHelp emailError">
    <small id="emailHelp">We'll never share your email.</small>
    <span id="emailError">Email is required.</span>

    You can dynamically update which IDs are referenced based on validation state, ensuring that assistive tech users always get the right context.

    About Placeholders: Don’t Rely on Them Alone

    We’ve all seen it: fields with placeholder text like “Enter your email,” and no label in sight. Here’s the problem: placeholders disappear as soon as users start typing—and that’s bad news for accessibility.

    Use placeholders for examples, not for instruction.

    • ✅ “example@example.com” is fine.
    • ❌ “Enter your email address” as your only guidance? Not okay.

    Also, watch your contrast ratios. Light gray placeholder text on a white background might look trendy, but it can fail WCAG color contrast guidelines—especially for users with low vision.

    Smart Form Validation

    Validation is about more than catching errors—it’s about building trust. If your form is flaky, unclear, or inconsistent, users will bounce.

    • Use client-side validation (like HTML5 validation or JavaScript) for instant feedback.
    • Always back it up with server-side validation to catch anything missed and guard against malicious input.
    • Block submission until all required fields are valid—and clearly explain why a field isn’t.

    Whether it’s a missed checkbox or a mistyped phone number, your form should guide users toward fixing the issue—not leave them guessing.

    Crafting Helpful, Accessible Error Messages

    Bad error messages are like bad customer service: unhelpful, vague, and frustrating. Let’s fix that.

    • Be specific: “Username is required” > “Error.”
    • Never rely on color alone (like red borders) to indicate problems. Use symbols (like ❗), text, or both.
    • Keep error placement consistent—typically below the input or in the same visual region.
    • Use simple language. If someone has to decode your error message, it’s not helping.

    This clarity benefits everyone—from screen reader users to someone filling out your form on a noisy subway.

    Test It Like You Mean It

    Automated tools are great, but they only catch part of the picture.

    Start with:

    • Lighthouse for quick audits.
    • WAVE for spotting contrast or structural issues.

    Then go deeper:

    • Run through the form with keyboard only—can you reach and complete every field?
    • Try it with a screen reader (VoiceOver, NVDA, JAWS). Does it announce labels, instructions, and errors?
    • Ideally, test with real users with disabilities. There’s no substitute for lived experience.

    Accessible forms are never a “one-and-done” task. They’re a process—build, test, refine, repeat.

    Keep Moving Toward More Accessible Forms

    Every form you build is an opportunity to include—or exclude—someone. Whether it’s a simple newsletter signup or a detailed application, accessible forms ensure everyone gets a fair shot at completing the task.

    This isn’t just about compliance. It’s about craftsmanship. It’s about building smarter, kinder digital experiences—ones that don’t leave users behind.

    Need help building forms that meet WCAG standards and feel good to use? Connect with 216digital. We’ll help you create, audit, and refine accessible forms that work for every user—and every device.

    Greg McNeil

    April 18, 2025
    How-to Guides
    Accessibility, ADA Compliance, forms, How-to, WCAG, Web Accessibility, web development, Website Accessibility
  • Who Needs Web Accessibility Training?

    Think about all the hands that shape a website before it goes live.

    A designer sketches the layout. A content writer crafts the story. A developer brings it to life. A marketer promotes it. A project manager keeps the wheels turning. But if even one person in that chain doesn’t understand the basics of accessibility, the final experience can fall short for someone trying to navigate with a screen reader, keyboard, or other assistive tools.

    Accessibility issues don’t usually happen because people don’t care—they happen because people don’t know what to look for. That’s why accessibility training isn’t just for developers or tech teams. It’s for everyone who shapes the digital experience—from strategy to support.

    When teams understand their role, accessibility becomes part of the process—not a last-minute fix. And that’s when real progress begins.

    Why Broader Accessibility Training Matters

    Accessibility barriers often hide in plain sight. A confusing heading can trip up a screen reader. An auto‑playing video can trap a keyboard user. Each issue might start with a different team, so solving them requires shared awareness and a shared skill set.

    When every role learns the basics, good habits form early. This lowers future repair costs, speeds up projects, and reduces legal risk. Just as important—it sends a clear message: “Our doors are open to everyone.”

    Who Should Learn—and What They Need to Know

    Here’s how accessibility training benefits each team involved in your digital presence.

    1. Executives and Senior Leaders

    What they do: Set vision, approve budgets, choose partners.

    Why they train: Training helps leaders connect accessibility to results—larger audiences, stronger brand trust, and measurable ROI. They also learn how setting clear goals and timelines keeps inclusion on track.

    2. Designers and UX Teams

    What they do: Choose colors, type, layouts, and flows.

    Why they train: Design choices determine whether text is readable, buttons are reachable, and flows make sense. Training covers contrast, consistent icon labels, logical headings, and visible focus indicators.

    3. Developers and Engineers

    What they do: Write and test code.

    Why they train: Developers learn how to apply semantic HTML, ARIA roles, keyboard support, and accessible error handling. Even seasoned coders benefit from updated WCAG guidance and modern tooling.

    4. Content Creators and Editors

    What they do: Write blog posts, help articles, PDFs, and product pages.

    Why they train: Clear headings, plain language, and helpful alt text transform raw info into inclusive content. Training includes quick checks for reading level, link clarity, and captioned media.

    5. Marketers and Social Media Managers

    What they do: Create campaigns, videos, landing pages, and emails.

    Why they train: Marketing moves fast, and small oversights spread wide. Training ensures captions are added, visuals are described, and flashing graphics are avoided—protecting both reach and user safety.

    6. Quality‑Assurance Testers

    What they do: Validate features before launch.

    Why they train: QA staff learn how to run both automated scans and manual checks with keyboards and screen readers. Catching issues here prevents costly post-launch fixes.

    7. Product and Project Managers

    What they do: Gather requirements, plan sprints, and manage scope.

    Why they train: They learn to include accessibility in acceptance criteria and timelines, and track progress against WCAG standards—making sure nothing slips through.

    8. Customer Support Teams

    What they do: Handle questions and feedback.

    Why they train: Support agents are often the first to hear about accessibility barriers. Training helps them log issues clearly, guiding meaningful improvements.

    Building a Culture of Learning

    Workshops are a great start—but lasting accessibility comes from weaving training into everyday workflows. Here’s how to keep that momentum alive:

    • Start with a quick win: Host a one‑hour session on headings and alt text. Immediate impact builds confidence.
    • Use role-based paths: Designers explore contrast and layout. Marketers focus on captions and social media accessibility.
    • Pair training with checklists: A simple “before you publish” list—contrast, keyboard reach, captions—keeps lessons at the top of your mind.
    • Bring in real users: Invite people with disabilities to demos. Live feedback drives empathy and makes the value of inclusive design unmistakable.
    • Celebrate success: Recognize teams that close accessibility tickets or launch inclusive content.

    Choosing the Right Accessibility Training Format

    Not everyone learns the same way. Mix formats to meet your team’s needs:

    • Live workshops: Great for Q&A and real-time practice.
    • Short video modules: Ideal for busy schedules or quick refreshers.
    • Office hours: Open sessions where experts answer questions from any team.
    • Documentation hubs: Centralized space for checklists, coding samples, and brand guidelines.

    Larger organizations may also benefit from certification tracks or external mentors to support deeper learning and audits.

    Measuring Success

    Track the impact of training to keep improving:

    • Fewer accessibility issues during QA.
    • Lower remediation costs thanks to early awareness.
    • Positive user feedback from screen reader and caption users.
    • Fewer legal notices or compliance complaints.

    Quarterly progress reports help leadership see the value and maintain support.

    Overcoming Common Roadblocks

    • “We don’t have time.” Break accessibility training into 15-minute micro-lessons that fit between meetings.
    • “We can’t teach everyone everything.” Focus on essentials for each role—developers need ARIA, executives don’t.
    • “It sounds too technical.” Share real stories. A single form label can help both a low-vision user and someone filling it out in bright sunlight.

    Getting Started: A Quick Action Plan

    1. Audit your team’s skills. Survey knowledge gaps.
    2. Create a roadmap. Start with high-impact roles.
    3. Choose a learning partner. Consultant, online platform, or internal champion.
    4. Launch a pilot session. Start with something approachable, like image alt text.
    5. Review and refine. Gather feedback and evolve your approach.

    When people know what to look for, accessibility becomes second nature—not a scramble.

    Equip Your Team, Elevate Your Experience

    A successful accessibility program isn’t powered by one expert—it’s built on shared understanding. The more your teams know, the more they can contribute to inclusive, compliant, user-friendly experiences from the very beginning.

    Now’s the time to turn knowledge into action. Whether you’re setting strategy, designing experiences, writing content, or launching campaigns, accessibility training helps each role identify where inclusion starts—and how to make it stick.

    Accessibility Training That Moves Teams Forward

    At 216digital, we include complementary ADA training with every project because we believe that lasting accessibility starts with alignment. Our role-based approach ensures your team isn’t just meeting requirements—they’re embedding inclusion into design, development, and communication with confidence.

    Ready to move forward? Schedule a personalized ADA briefing with us. We’ll help you map out your goals, identify key opportunities, and launch a training strategy that’s effective, affordable, and built to last.

    The most accessible experiences are the ones designed with intention. Let’s help your team build them.

    Greg McNeil

    April 17, 2025
    Web Accessibility Training
    Accessibility, Accessibility Training, Marketer, Web Accessibility Training, web developers, Website Accessibility
  • Accessible Documents: 7 Issues You Might Overlook

    Have you ever tried to read a PDF on your phone only to pinch‑zoom until the text blurs? Now, picture that same frustration multiplied for someone who relies on a screen reader, a keyboard, or extra magnification. Inaccessible documents aren’t minor annoyances—they’re brick walls that block information. That’s why creating accessible documents is more than a best practice—it’s a necessity.

    This post walks through seven barriers often hidden inside PDFs and Word files. For each one, you’ll see why it matters, which Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) success criteria apply, and how a few practical tweaks can open the door for every reader.

    Invisible Obstacles: Why Documents Trip People Up

    Web pages are usually built with clear HTML tags that signal headings, lists, and links. Conversely, documents mix text, images, and complex layouts in a single container. If you skip semantic structure or rely on visual styling alone, those layers become invisible mazes for people using assistive tech.

    WCAG was designed for the web, yet its principles work perfectly for accessible documents. Meeting them keeps your files usable for screen readers, keyboard navigation, high‑contrast modes, and more.

    1. Missing or Misused Headings

    When screen reader users rely on heading levels to navigate, skipping or misusing them turns a well-organized document into a frustrating guessing game. Simply enlarging font size doesn’t cut it—headings need to be properly structured.

    Make it better: Use built-in heading styles (H1, H2, H3, etc.) in Word or Google Docs, not manual formatting. Stick to one H1 per page for your title, followed by a clear hierarchy.

    Don’t forget: WCAG 1.3.1 requires meaningful structure—not just visual formatting. Run an accessibility checker before exporting to PDF to make sure your headings stay intact.

    Pro tip: Set your document language, so screen readers know how to pronounce text correctly. In Word, go to Review > Language > Set Proofing Language.

    2. When PDFs Are Just Pictures

    A scanned contract that looks fine on screen may be completely silent to assistive tech. Without real text, a screen reader simply announces “graphic… graphic… graphic.” There’s no searching, no enlarging, and no reading.

    What to do instead: Use OCR (Optical Character Recognition) to create a text layer. Adobe Acrobat, ABBYY FineReader, and Google Drive all have built-in OCR tools.

    Make it work: Always proofread OCR results—blurry scans and fancy fonts often lead to errors.

    Standards check: WCAG 1.4.5 requires using real, selectable text whenever possible.

    Bonus tip: Use document properties to add a title and author—these help screen readers and improve file organization. In Word: File > Info > Properties.

    3. Color Contrast That’s Too Subtle

    That soft gray text might look sleek on a light background—but if you have low vision or are reading on a dim screen, it becomes nearly invisible.

    How to fix it: Check color combinations before publishing. Use tools like WebAIM’s Contrast Checker or Adobe’s color contrast tools.

    What the guidelines say: WCAG 1.4.3 calls for a minimum contrast ratio of 4.5:1 for standard text.

    Design reminder: Check charts, infographics, and callout boxes too—those often sneak past brand reviews.

    4. Vague Link Text

    When every hyperlink says “Click here,” a screen reader user hears the same phrase over and over, with no context. It’s like walking through unlabeled doors and hoping for the best.

    Do this instead: Write descriptive links like “Download the 2025 Benefits Guide (PDF).” This helps everyone know what to expect before they click.

    Standards note: WCAG 2.4.4 requires link text to make sense on its own.

    Extra clarity: In Word, use ScreenTips (Alt + Ctrl + D) to add hover-text instructions for links.

    5. Images Without Alt Text

    If an image doesn’t include alt text, assistive tech can’t describe it—and users miss the point. Charts, infographics, and even decorative flourishes need attention.

    Quick fix: Describe the key message, not every visual detail. For example, summarize trends or highlight data points in charts.

    WCAG compliance: Guideline 1.1.1 requires text alternatives for all meaningful images.

    Helpful tip: Tag purely decorative images as “null” or “decorative,” so screen readers skip them. For complex visuals, link to a longer description or add it in an appendix.

    6. Tables That Don’t Translate

    Tables made with tabs or manual spacing may look fine, but screen readers can’t follow the structure. Data ends up being read out of order—turning financials or schedules into a jumbled mess.

    Get it right: Use built-in table tools. Define the first row as a header and use column headers where needed.

    Testing tools: In Word: Table > Properties > Row > Repeat as header row. In Acrobat Pro, use the Table Editor and test with NVDA or VoiceOver.

    Remember: WCAG 1.3.1 also applies here—data must be presented with proper markup and relationships.

    Avoid this: Don’t use tables for layout. It may seem like a shortcut, but it often leads to accessibility headaches.

    7. Lists That Don’t Act Like Lists

    Typing dashes or asterisks might look fine visually, but to a screen reader, it’s just a single paragraph. The structure—and meaning—is lost.

    Better approach: Use the bullets or numbering tools built into Word or Docs. Real lists help assistive tech break up and interpret content correctly.

    After exporting: Run “Autotag Document” in Acrobat and verify that lists are correctly tagged.

    WCAG reference: Once again, 1.3.1—structure matters.

    8. Use Clear Language and Layout

    Overly complex language or long-winded paragraphs can be barriers in themselves. Accessibility isn’t just about code or design—it’s about comprehension too.

    Try this: Write with clarity. Use simple words, short sentences, and plenty of white space. Break things up with subheadings and bulleted lists.

    Pro tip: Aim for an 8th-grade reading level or below when possible. Tools like Hemingway Editor or Microsoft Editor can help simplify your language.

    9. Choose the Right Export Settings

    Even the best-crafted document can lose accessibility features when exported carelessly.

    Before hitting “Save As”:

    • Use formats that preserve tags, alt text, and headings (e.g., PDF/A).
    • Use built-in export tools from Word, not third-party converters.
    • Double-check using an accessibility checker like Adobe Acrobat’s.

    10. Provide Alternative Formats

    Not every user consumes content the same way. Offering alternative versions ensures a broader reach.

    Examples:

    • A transcript for a video.
    • A plain-text version of a design-heavy PDF.
    • A mobile-friendly HTML version of a Word document.
    • This level of flexibility supports users with screen readers, low vision, dyslexia, and more.

    Beyond the Basics: Keep Creating Accessible Documents

    Fixing the top document issues is a great start—but real accessibility doesn’t stop at a checklist. It’s something you build into the process and revisit as tools evolve, teams shift, and standards update.

    Don’t rely on tools alone. Automated checkers are helpful for flagging missing tags or contrast issues, but they won’t catch everything. They can’t tell if your heading structure makes sense or if your alt text actually describes the image. A quick manual review—ideally from someone who understands assistive tech—can make all the difference.

    Keep your team in the loop. Many of the most common document barriers come down to simple habits: skipping heading styles, forgetting to add alt text, or using layout tables. Short training sessions or documentation refreshers can prevent a lot of repeat issues, especially if you’re onboarding new staff or updating templates.

    Check your templates yearly. Accessibility standards grow. So do the tools we use to write, design, and export. A quick annual review of your document templates helps ensure you’re not accidentally locking in outdated practices or missing opportunities to improve.

    Make Your Documents Work for Everyone

    Document accessibility isn’t about perfection—it’s about intention. When you take the time to apply heading styles, write descriptive link text, or check contrast ratios, you’re creating something that works for more people, in more ways.

    These changes aren’t hard. They’re habits. And once your team knows what to look for, accessible documents become second nature—just like spell check or formatting a title page.

    At 216digital, we offer more than advice. We can review your files, train your staff, and even build accessible templates tailored to your needs. Every project we take on includes complementary ADA training—so your team is empowered, not just compliant.

    If you’re ready to move past the guesswork and start building documents that include everyone, schedule a quick briefing with us. Together, we can turn accessible content into a shared standard—not a scramble.

    Let’s take that first step—one document at a time.

    Greg McNeil

    April 16, 2025
    How-to Guides
    Accessibility, accessible documents, How-to, PDF, WCAG, Website Accessibility
  • What to Expect from an Accessibility Audit

    Running a business is no small feat. Between managing daily operations, keeping customers happy, and staying on top of your digital presence, it’s easy to overlook something like web accessibility. But in today’s world, where more users rely on assistive technology to browse online, accessibility is no longer optional—it’s essential.

    That’s where an accessibility audit comes in. It’s a smart, proactive step that helps you understand how well your website works for people with disabilities and where improvements are needed. It’s not just about avoiding legal trouble—it’s about creating a better experience for all your visitors.

    Let’s break it down so you know exactly what to expect.

    Why Accessibility Matters

    Reaching Every Visitor

    Web accessibility is about making sure everyone can use your website—no matter their ability. That includes people who rely on screen readers, keyboard navigation, or voice control, as well as those with visual, hearing, or cognitive challenges.

    A more accessible site leads to:

    • Better user experience
    • Improved search engine visibility
    • Increased customer trust

    It’s a win for your users and your business.

    Reducing Legal Risk

    ADA-related lawsuits over inaccessible websites are on the rise, and many target small to mid-sized businesses. In fact over 67% of lawsuits  in 2024 were targeting businesses with an annual revenue under $25 million or less. 

    These cases can be stressful and expensive—even if the issues weren’t intentional.

    A professional accessibility audit helps you spot and fix issues early, protecting your business while showing your commitment to inclusion.

    What Is an Accessibility Audit?

    An accessibility audit is a full review of your website to find any barriers that might stop people with disabilities from using it. These barriers could be anything from missing image descriptions to forms that don’t work with a screen reader.

    The audit is based on the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG), which provide a clear set of standards for accessible web design. Following WCAG helps ensure your site meets legal requirements—and, more importantly, that it works for everyone.

    The Accessibility Audit Process: Step-by-Step

    Here’s what typically happens during a full accessibility audit:

    Initial Consultation & Scope Definition

    The process starts with a conversation. You and your audit team will review your website’s goals, user flows, and top-priority pages—like your homepage, checkout process, or contact form. This helps focus the audit on what matters most.

    Automated Testing

    Automated tools run quick scans to catch common issues like:

    • Missing alt text
    • Low color contrast
    • Improper heading order

    This is a great first step, but automated testing only catches part of the picture. That’s why manual checks are so important.

    Manual Evaluation

    Accessibility specialists then take a deeper look at your site. They’ll test things like:

    • Can users navigate with just a keyboard?
    • Are screen readers reading content in the correct order?
    • Do buttons and links have clear, accessible labels?

    Manual testing finds the issues that machines often miss—and ensures your site works for real people in real situations.

    User Testing with Assistive Technology

    In some cases, the team may bring in people who use assistive tools daily—like screen readers or alternative input devices—to test your site. Their feedback offers invaluable real-world insight that helps uncover problems no tool or developer could spot alone.

    Documentation of Findings

    Once testing is done, you’ll receive a report that includes:

    • A list of all issues
    • Where each problem exists
    • The specific WCAG criteria it violates
    • Visual examples and code references for clarity

    This report serves as your roadmap to fixing issues efficiently.

    Prioritization of Issues

    Not all issues are created equal. The audit team will help you prioritize based on the following:

    • How severe the issue is
    • How many users it might impact
    • Whether it poses a legal risk

    This lets you address the biggest barriers first and build a smart action plan moving forward.

    Remediation Recommendations

    Finally, you’ll receive clear, actionable guidance for fixing each issue. These recommendations will be tailored to your site’s platform, content, and team capacity. Some fixes might be quick, while others may take more planning—but you’ll know exactly what to do and where to start.

    What Happens After the Audit?

    Implementing Fixes

    After the accessibility audit, it’s time to put the findings to work. Your team—or a trusted partner like 216digital—can help implement those changes, making sure they align with best practices while preserving your brand’s design and functionality.

    Team Training

    To keep your site accessible over time, it helps to train the people who update it. That could mean a short session on how to use alt text or a checklist for adding new content. A little knowledge goes a long way in preventing future issues.

    Ongoing Monitoring

    Accessibility isn’t something you check off once and forget about. Websites are living things—they change, grow, and update over time. That means new accessibility issues can pop up without warning, especially as content is added or platforms evolve.

    That’s why regular monitoring is key. Running periodic scans, reviewing key pages, and staying alert to new barriers helps you maintain accessibility long after the initial audit. Tools like a11y.Radar, 216digital’s ongoing monitoring service, are designed to make this easier. It quietly keeps tabs on your site, flags issues early, and helps ensure your site stays in line with accessibility best practices—without the need for constant manual checks.

    Your Website’s Future Just Got Brighter

    A professional accessibility audit gives you more than just a report—it gives you peace of mind. It’s a smart, future-focused way to protect your business, improve your site, and welcome every visitor who comes your way.

    At 216digital, we specialize in helping small to mid-sized businesses make sense of accessibility. Our expert-led audits, clear documentation, and hands-on remediation support make the process easy to follow and effective to implement. We help you go beyond compliance—to a website that’s truly inclusive.

    If you’re ready to create a better experience for everyone and reduce your legal risk, let’s talk. A more accessible site isn’t just better for users—it’s better for business.

    Greg McNeil

    April 15, 2025
    Testing & Remediation
    Accessibility, Accessibility Audit, Accessibility testing, automated testing, manual audit, Web Accessibility, Website Accessibility
  • How GDPR and CCPA Are Shaping Data Privacy

    Data privacy isn’t a new concept. Businesses have been managing sensitive customer information for decades—through paper files, databases, CRMs, and now digital platforms. What has changed is the growing expectation that people should have control over their own data. Laws like the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) didn’t invent data privacy—but they’ve redefined the standards.

    These regulations are reshaping how organizations around the world approach data—how they collect it, store it, share it, and most importantly, how they communicate about it. If you’re leading a business, managing digital operations, or overseeing customer experience, understanding how these laws work isn’t just a compliance task—it’s a strategic advantage.

    What the CCPA Introduced to U.S. Businesses

    When the CCPA took effect in 2020, it marked a turning point for U.S.-based organizations. For the first time, there was a law that gave American consumers—not just businesses—clear, enforceable rights over their personal data. It caught many companies off guard.

    California residents gained the legal right to:

    • Know what personal information is being collected about them.
    • Request the deletion of that information.
    • Opt out of the sale of their data.

    For businesses, this meant a new level of transparency. You needed to disclose how data was being used, offer clear opt-out tools, and ensure your privacy policies were not only accessible—but written in plain, understandable language.

    This wasn’t just about legal boxes to check. It was about shifting power. CCPA put the customer in the driver’s seat.

    A Ripple Effect Beyond California

    Even though the CCPA is a state law, its impact has reached far beyond California’s borders. Why? Because any business that serves California residents—regardless of location—has to comply. And for companies with customers across the U.S., it simply made sense to raise privacy practices across the board.

    That’s why CCPA didn’t stay a California issue. It sparked national conversations, boardroom discussions, and policy rewrites. It also paved the way for other states to create their own laws. Virginia, Colorado, Connecticut, and Utah have already passed privacy regulations of their own. Each carries unique nuances, but most borrow heavily from the same foundational ideas introduced by the CCPA and GDPR.

    The GDPR: Setting the Global Standard

    Before CCPA came onto the scene, there was GDPR. Introduced by the European Union in 2018, the General Data Protection Regulation quickly became the global benchmark for data privacy.

    Its scope was ambitious—and intentional. GDPR applies to any organization, anywhere in the world, that processes data from EU citizens. Whether you’re based in Paris, New York, or Singapore, if your business interacts with European customers, you’re expected to comply.

    Core GDPR Requirements:

    • Consent: Businesses must get clear, informed consent before collecting personal data.
    • Right to Be Forgotten: Individuals can ask for their data to be deleted permanently.
    • Breach Notification: Organizations must report data breaches within 72 hours.
    • Data Portability: Consumers have the right to access and transfer their own data.

    The GDPR’s influence is still growing. Many new laws—both in the U.S. and abroad—are built using GDPR as a model. And in the absence of a single U.S. federal privacy law, many organizations default to GDPR compliance as a way to meet the highest global standard.

    GDPR vs. CCPA: Two Paths, One Direction

    While GDPR and CCPA share the same underlying goal—giving people more control over their personal data—they approach it in different ways.

    Who’s Affected?

    • GDPR: Global reach. Applies to any company handling EU data.
    • CCPA: U.S.-based, but applies to companies interacting with California residents.

    Consumer Rights

    • GDPR: Offers broad rights—access, deletion, correction, portability.
    • CCPA: Emphasizes transparency, deletion, and the right to opt out of data sales.

    Consent Models

    • GDPR: Requires proactive, upfront permission.
    • CCPA: Allows post-collection opt-outs, which can be more flexible for businesses but less direct for consumers.

    The differences matter—but the direction is the same. Regulators are moving toward greater accountability, and consumers are demanding more clarity and control.

    A Growing Patchwork of U.S. Laws

    The U.S. now faces a growing number of state-level privacy laws, each with its own requirements and timelines. Virginia’s VCDPA, Colorado’s CPA, and Connecticut’s CTDPA are just a few of the new players. While many reflect GDPR or CCPA in principle, the details vary—and that’s where things get tricky.

    For multi-state businesses, managing these differences isn’t just time-consuming—it can be a real risk. You’re not just dealing with technical updates to your website. You’re coordinating privacy notices, opt-out mechanisms, data retention policies, and more—often with overlapping or conflicting requirements.

    A unified federal privacy law, like the proposed American Privacy Rights Act (APRA), could help simplify things. However, with delays in Congress and shifting political priorities, that kind of clarity is still out of reach.

    What You Can Do Now

    So what’s the path forward? The answer isn’t to wait for regulation to catch up—it’s to lead with purpose.

    1. Map Your Data

    Know what you’re collecting, where it’s stored, who has access, and why. Without a clear inventory, compliance is guesswork.

    2. Strengthen Your Privacy Policy

    Make sure your privacy policy is accurate, accessible, and written in plain language. Your customers—and regulators—should understand it without needing a legal degree.

    3. Build in Flexibility

    Invest in systems and processes that can adapt. Privacy laws will continue to evolve. Your infrastructure should be ready to scale with them.

    4. Respect User Rights

    Whether it’s a GDPR data access request or a CCPA opt-out form, your business should respond quickly, clearly, and respectfully. That responsiveness builds trust.

    5. Lead with Transparency

    Customers don’t expect perfection. But they do expect honesty. Be upfront about what data you collect and how you use it. When in doubt, over-communicate.

    Final Thoughts

    Data privacy isn’t a passing trend—it’s a defining feature of the modern digital experience. And laws like GDPR and CCPA aren’t just compliance checklists. They’re a signal that the world is changing, and that businesses are expected to change with it.

    The companies that embrace this shift—proactively, strategically, and transparently—will be the ones that win customer trust and loyalty over the long term.

    If you’re looking for help navigating this evolving landscape, 216digital is here to support you. Schedule a privacy and accessibility briefing with our team and take the first step toward smarter, future-ready data practices.

    Greg McNeil

    April 14, 2025
    Legal Compliance, Web Design & Development
    CCPA, data privacy, GDPR, web development
  • How to Use aria-describedby for Web Accessibility

    Have you ever looked at a form, seen the bold text or red borders, and instantly known what to do next? That’s because as visual users, we get a lot of clues from layout, color, and spacing. But for someone using a screen reader, those visual hints don’t exist. Instead, they rely on code—programmatic clues—to make sense of what’s on the screen.

    That’s where aria-describedby comes in. If you’ve ever struggled to make a form, button, or modal accessible, you’re not alone. aria-describedby is a powerful tool that helps users understand what’s happening—if you use it right.

    In this article, I’ll walk you through how to use aria-describedby the right way. We’ll go through practical code examples, real use cases, and common mistakes. I’ll also show you how it ties into making things like captions and subtitles more accessible, especially for users with assistive technology.

    Unpacking aria-describedby

    aria-describedby lets you link an element to other content that gives extra detail. It points to the ID(s) of one or more elements that contain helpful text. Think of it like this:

    • aria-labelledby gives something its name.
    • aria-describedby gives it extra explanation.

    If a screen reader sees an input with aria-describedby= "pw-hint", it will read the input label and the hint.

    Why It’s Important

    Used correctly, aria-describedby helps you meet the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) success criteria. It improves accessibility for users who rely on screen readers. It’s especially helpful when native HTML doesn’t cover all the information a user needs. This matters for users navigating complex interfaces—like forms, modals, or media players with captions and subtitles.

    When Should You Use aria-describedby?

    • Form fields: Add help text or error messages.
    • Buttons: Clarify what will happen, especially for destructive actions.
    • Dialogs/modals: Explain what the dialog is for.
    • Tooltips: Offer extra information without cluttering the interface.
    • Live status updates: Let users know when things change, like upload progress or loading indicators.

    aria-describedby can even support captions and subtitles in video players by giving extra context for the screen reader user, describing what’s happening beyond the visual content.

    When Not to Use It

    • If HTML already does the job (like using <label> or <fieldset>).
    • If it adds repetitive or unnecessary text.

    Code Walkthroughs: Real-World Examples

    Let’s get into some code. These examples show how to use aria-describedby in ways that make a real difference.

    Form Fields

    Password Requirements

    <label for="pw">Password</label>
    <input type="password" id="pw" aria-describedby="pw-hint">
    <p id= "pw-hint">Password must be at least 12 characters long and include a number.</p>

    Error Messages

    <label for="email">Email address</label>
    <input type="email" id="email" aria-invalid="true" aria-describedby="email-error">
    <p id="email-error" class="error">Please enter a valid email address.</p>

    Multiple Descriptions

    <input type="text" id="username" aria-describedby="username-req username-tip">
    <p id="username-req">Must be at least 8 characters.</p>
    <p id="username-tip">Displayed on your profile.</p>

    Buttons

    Destructive Action Explanation

    <button aria-describedby="delete-desc">Delete Account</button>
    <p id= "delete-desc">This will permanently remove your account and all data.</p>

    Dialogs and Modals

    Accessible Dialog

    <div role="dialog" aria-modal="true" aria-labelledby="dialogTitle" aria-describedby="dialogDesc">
      <h2 id="dialogTitle">Confirm Deletion</h2>
      <p id= "dialogDesc">This action is permanent and cannot be undone.</p>
    </div>

    Tooltips and Live Regions

    Accessible Tooltip

    <input type="text" id="first" aria-describedby="tip1">
    <div id="tip1" role="tooltip">Optional field.</div>

    Status Messages

    <div aria-describedby="upload-status">
      <input type="file" onchange="showUploadStatus()">
      <div id="upload-status" aria-live="polite">Uploading...</div>
    </div>

    These techniques can also apply to custom media players. You can use aria-describedby to point to captions and subtitles that are visible on screen but also need to be announced programmatically.

    Common Mistakes to Avoid

    • Too Many Descriptions: Linking to 3 or 4 IDs might overwhelm users.
    • Broken References: Make sure every ID you point to actually exists.
    • Redundant Content: Don’t repeat what’s already in the label.
    • Timing Issues: Don’t change the text dynamically during focus unless absolutely necessary.
    • Inconsistent Patterns: Keep your approach consistent across similar components.

    Best Practices for Effective Implementation

    • Write Clear Descriptions: Keep them short, useful, and easy to understand.
    • Avoid Jargon: Explain things in plain language.
    • Keep Descriptions Visible: If possible, don’t hide the text—what helps screen reader users can help sighted users, too.
    • Use Native HTML First: ARIA is a supplement, not a substitute.
    • Test Often:
      • Use screen readers like NVDA, JAWS, and VoiceOver.
      • Test in browsers like Chrome, Firefox, and Safari.
    • Stay Consistent:
      • Create reusable components.
      • Document your design patterns.
      • Automate accessibility checks.

    This also applies to any content with captions and subtitles—they should be clearly described in a way that works for both visual and non-visual users.

    Beyond the Code: Organizational Tips

    • Code Reviews Should Include Accessibility
    • Use Linters and Audits: Tools like Google Lighthouse or  WAVE to catch ARIA  barriers.
    • Add Accessibility to Your QA Checklist
    • Train Your Team: Make sure everyone knows what ARIA does and doesn’t do.

    If you’re building tools with captions and subtitles, include accessibility from the start. Don’t bolt it on later.

    Accessible Descriptions, Better UX

    aria-describedby is one of those quiet heroes of accessibility. It helps fill the gaps between what users see and what assistive tech can tell them.

    Used well, it improves the user experience for everyone—not just people using screen readers. It’s especially helpful in forms, dialogs, and anything with captions and subtitles, where the added context can be critical.

    So remember: use aria-describedby intentionally, test it thoroughly, and keep your patterns consistent. And if your team needs help making your site or app more accessible, 216digital offers expert guidance to help you meet compliance standards—while creating a better experience for all users.

    Let’s keep building an internet that works for everyone. One line of code at a time.

    Greg McNeil

    April 11, 2025
    How-to Guides
    ARIA, aria-describedby, How-to, Web Accessibility, web developers, web development, Website Accessibility
  • Judge Pushes Back on Serial ADA Plaintiffs

    The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) was enacted in 1990 to prohibit discrimination against people with disabilities. Over the years, it’s helped make public spaces—including digital environments—more accessible to everyone. However, the rise of serial ADA plaintiffs—individuals who file dozens or even hundreds of lawsuits—has raised serious concerns among business owners and judges alike. Some of these cases appear less about securing genuine accessibility improvements and more about generating quick financial settlements.

    Recently, a federal judge pushed back against this growing trend, signaling that the courts are beginning to question the motives and tactics of some serial ADA plaintiffs. This shift could mark a turning point for businesses frustrated by opportunistic lawsuits. But it doesn’t mean business owners can relax when it comes to ADA compliance—especially online.

    In this article, we’ll explore what serial ADA litigation looks like, why businesses risk non-compliance in the first place, how a recent judge’s ruling might change the game, and what proactive steps businesses can take to protect themselves. We’ll also show how partnering with a firm like 216digital can ensure your digital properties are accessible and legally compliant.

    What Are Serial ADA Plaintiffs?

    A serial ADA plaintiff is someone who files multiple lawsuits under the ADA, often targeting small businesses for alleged accessibility violations. While the ADA is a civil rights law that rightly empowers individuals to hold businesses accountable, these serial filings usually follow a pattern:

    • Rapid-fire lawsuits: Dozens of complaints are filed in a short period, often by the same attorney.
    • Low-hanging claims: Plaintiffs target minor infractions, such as font contrast issues or missing alt text on websites.
    • Settlement-focused: Lawsuits are usually resolved with monetary settlements rather than actual accessibility improvements.

    These actions put a financial strain on small and mid-sized businesses, many of which settle to avoid legal fees—even if they were unaware of the issues or were actively working toward compliance.

    Why Do Businesses Risk ADA Non-Compliance?

    Many business owners want to do the right thing, but digital accessibility often falls through the cracks for a few reasons:

    • Lack of awareness: Some companies don’t realize ADA applies to their websites, not just physical locations.
    • Complex regulations: Accessibility laws and standards like WCAG (Web Content Accessibility Guidelines) can be difficult to interpret without expert guidance.
    • Limited budgets: Small businesses may not have the resources to hire in-house accessibility experts.
    • Inconsistent enforcement: Until recently, the legal system’s tolerance for serial plaintiffs made compliance seem like an expensive guessing game.

    Unfortunately, ignorance of the law doesn’t exempt businesses from lawsuits—especially when aggressive litigants are actively seeking out violators.

    Judge Cogan Pushes Back: A Turning Point?

    In a recent case, federal Judge Cogan of California dismissed multiple web accessibility lawsuits brought by a serial plaintiff, citing a lack of standing and evidence of genuine harm. The court noted that the plaintiff had filed over 50 nearly identical lawsuits against small businesses, often without ever intending to visit or interact with them in any meaningful way.

    Judge Cogan questioned whether the plaintiff had suffered real injury or was simply using the ADA as a tool to generate settlements. The ruling emphasized that the purpose of the ADA is to promote meaningful access, not to enable exploitative litigation.

    This decision doesn’t make digital accessibility any less important—but it sends a clear message: the courts are starting to scrutinize the intentions behind ADA lawsuits. It’s a warning to serial plaintiffs and an opportunity for businesses to address compliance proactively rather than react to legal threats.

    Practical Steps to Avoid Being Targeted

    Whether or not the courts are curbing serial litigation, businesses should take real accessibility seriously. Here are steps to protect your brand, reduce legal risk, and create better experiences for all users:

    1. Conduct a Professional Accessibility Audit

    Start by identifying what accessibility issues exist on your website. Automated tools can catch some problems, but a full audit—especially one that includes manual testing with assistive technologies—is the gold standard.

    2. Fix the Most Common Accessibility Errors

    Serial plaintiffs often target:

    • Missing alt text on images
    • Poor color contrast
    • Inaccessible navigation menus
    • Improper heading structures
    • Forms that can’t be completed with a keyboard

    Addressing these issues can significantly lower your risk of being sued.

    3. Document Your Accessibility Efforts

    Even if your site isn’t perfect, showing that you’re making active efforts can make a difference in court. Keep records of audits, remediations, and ongoing updates.

    4. Stay Informed on Legal Requirements

    Accessibility standards evolve. Staying up to date on WCAG guidelines and DOJ updates to ADA interpretations is essential to maintaining long-term compliance.

    5. Implement Ongoing Monitoring

    Accessibility isn’t a one-and-done project. Use tools like a11y.Radar, offered by 216digital, to continuously monitor and address new issues before they become problems.

    How 216digital Helps You Stay Accessible—and Lawsuit-Proof

    At 216digital, we specialize in helping businesses of all sizes navigate the often-confusing world of digital accessibility. We go beyond automated scans and generic checklists to provide comprehensive, real-world accessibility services that keep you compliant and reduce your legal exposure.

    Our Services Include

    • Phase 1 Risk Mitigation: We identify and fix the most high-risk accessibility issues that could attract serial ADA plaintiffs.
    • Phase 2 Real-World Accessibility: We use screen readers, keyboard-only navigation, and other assistive technologies to test your site like real users do.
    • a11y.Radar Monitoring: Our proprietary service provides ongoing accessibility monitoring and alerts, ensuring your site stays compliant even as content changes.
    • Accessibility Consulting and Training: We don’t just fix your website—we empower your team with the knowledge and tools to maintain accessibility long-term.

    By working with 216digital, you’ll avoid frivolous lawsuits and create a better online experience for all your users, including those with disabilities.

    Final Thoughts

    The recent judicial scrutiny of serial ADA plaintiffs is a promising development for business owners who feel trapped between doing the right thing and defending against exploitative lawsuits. But make no mistake: web accessibility still matters—and compliance is still your responsibility.

    Rather than playing defense after a lawsuit hits your inbox, you can take a proactive approach that protects your business, supports your customers, and aligns with the original spirit of the ADA.

    Let 216digital help you stay compliant, reduce risk, and deliver a more accessible web experience for everyone.

    Need help getting started?

    Contact 216digital today for a professional web accessibility audit and find out how we can help you safeguard your digital presence from serial ADA plaintiffs.

    Greg McNeil

    April 10, 2025
    Legal Compliance
    Accessibility, ADA Lawsuit, Web Accessibility, Website Accessibility
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