Web Accessibility Remediation Archives- Page 2 of 30/Category

Email Accessibility: Make Every Click Count

You spend hours testing subject lines, analyzing open rates, and crafting the perfect call to action. But if your emails are not accessible, you may be unintentionally excluding millions of potential readers. More than one billion people around the world live with some form of disability, and many rely on assistive technologies such as screen readers, magnifiers, or keyboard navigation to interact with digital content. This is why email accessibility should be at the center of every campaign you send.

This is where email accessibility makes a difference. Accessible emails do not only support people with disabilities; they also improve reach, engagement, and usability for everyone. You can think of accessibility as a safety net during your quality assurance process, one that helps make sure your hard work actually reaches its audience. The encouraging part is that small and thoughtful changes can create a big impact.

Structure and Layout: Design for Navigation, Not Just Aesthetics

Attractive design may catch the eye, but structure is what allows readers to move through your message with ease. Using semantic heading tags such as <h1>, <h2>, and <h3> helps organize your content in a way that screen reader users can understand. Headings should flow in a logical order without skipping levels. Relying on bold text or font size alone to show importance does not provide the same clarity.

Tables are another common issue. They should be avoided for layout purposes whenever possible because screen readers can misinterpret them. If a table must be used for structure, adding role="presentation" tells assistive technology that it is decorative rather than data.

It is also important to test your emails using only the Tab key. If you cannot reach every link, button, and input field by tabbing through the message, your subscribers will face the same problem.

Image Accessibility: More Than Just Pretty Pictures

Images are powerful in marketing emails, but without the right preparation, they can create barriers. Every image should include descriptive alt text that explains its purpose. If the image is decorative and does not add meaning, use empty alt text so that screen readers can skip it.

Critical information, such as discount codes or calls to action, should never exist only within an image. Live text ensures that the message still appears even if images are turned off in the inbox. A good test is to disable images and see whether the email still conveys your intended message.

Animations also require care. Flashing or strobing content can cause serious discomfort or even seizures for some readers. Autoplaying GIFs may distract from your main message. Whenever possible, give users the ability to pause or stop moving elements.

Links and Calls to Action: Clear, Clickable, Inclusive

Calls to action are where engagement happens, and they must be designed with clarity in mind. Instead of vague text such as “Click here,” choose phrases like “Read the full guide” or “Shop the new collection.” Screen reader users often move through an email by jumping between links, so each one needs to make sense on its own.

Links should always be visually distinct. Underlining them is the best practice since relying on color alone is not effective for people with color blindness. Buttons and links should also be large enough to tap easily on a mobile device. A minimum size of about 44 by 44 pixels provides enough room for users with limited dexterity. Spacing links apart reduces the chance of misclicks. These adjustments not only improve email accessibility but also increase click-through rates by making the experience smoother for everyone.

Copywriting and Readability: Make Every Word Count

Email accessibility applies to words as much as to code or design. Short and direct sentences help readers understand quickly. Breaking your content into smaller paragraphs with clear subheadings makes the email less overwhelming.

Avoid heavy jargon or insider language that may confuse people. Simple words in everyday language travel further and faster. Writing in an active voice also helps keep your copy engaging.

Do not forget the basics of text styling. Font sizes should be at least 14 points, which is especially important for people with low vision or anyone reading on a small screen. Text should be left-aligned only, since centered or justified alignment slows down reading speed and can reduce comprehension.

Multimedia Content: Do Not Skip the Captions

Many email campaigns now include video, audio, or GIFs. These can make content more dynamic, but they bring accessibility challenges that need attention. Any video or audio clip should come with captions or transcripts. Captions are essential for people who are deaf or hard of hearing, but they also help people who are in noisy environments or those who are somewhere quiet and cannot turn on the sound.

Animated GIFs should avoid flashing sequences or rapid loops. If movement is key to your message, include a description of it in the email copy or offer a static fallback image. Multimedia can be powerful, but it should never come at the expense of accessibility.

A Pre-Send Accessibility Checklist

Before you hit send, it helps to run through a quick accessibility check. Try navigating the email with only your keyboard. Make sure every image includes descriptive alt text or an empty alt attribute if it is decorative. Look at your link text and ask if it clearly describes the action or destination. Turn images off and check if the message still makes sense. Confirm that your color contrast is strong enough to read comfortably. Review your animations to see if they are subtle and under control. Lastly, read the text on both desktop and mobile screens to confirm that the font size is easy to read.

These checks only take a moment, but they can prevent frustration and lost engagement.

Accessibility Is a Long Game, but Every Email Helps

No email will ever be perfectly accessible. The goal is not perfection but progress. Each improvement you make expands your reach, improves engagement, and builds trust with your audience.

Email accessibility is not only about legal compliance. It is also about creating meaningful connections. By removing barriers, you ensure that your message reaches as many people as possible and resonates more deeply with them. Making email accessibility part of your long-term strategy strengthens both your brand reputation and the experience of every subscriber.

The next time you prepare a campaign, add accessibility to your checklist. Treat it as part of your workflow, not an extra chore. An inaccessible email is never as effective as it could be.

If you need a clear plan for accessible digital communication, schedule an ADA briefing with 216digital. We will walk you through practical steps to make your email campaigns and your digital presence more inclusive, more effective, and better prepared for the future.

Greg McNeil

August 12, 2025

How-to Guides, Legal Compliance

Accessibility, email accessibility, WCAG, WCAG Compliance, Website Accessibility
How WCAG Applies to AI-Generated Content
AI is changing the way we create. From blog posts and product descriptions to social media graphics, work that once took hours can now be done in seconds. This speed is powerful—but it also carries risk. In the rush to publish, it’s easy to miss a crucial question: Is this content accessible?

The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) apply to everything online—whether written by a person, coded by a developer, or created by an AI tool. That means AI-generated content is not exempt. If you’re using AI to scale your digital strategy, accessibility must remain part of the foundation.

This guide explains how WCAG applies to AI-driven workflows and offers a simple checklist to help you review AI-written text, visuals, and layouts. The goal: to help you publish faster without leaving inclusion behind.

Why AI-Generated Content Creates Accessibility Risks

AI tools can be incredible productivity boosters. But they are not accessibility tools. A common mistake is assuming that if something looks polished, it must be usable for everyone. In reality, accessibility requires more.

AI-generated content often misses the real-world needs of diverse users. For example, it might:
- Write vague alt text like “image of a person” instead of describing the purpose.
- Suggest design elements with poor color contrast.
- Use bold text instead of proper heading tags like <h2> or <h3>.
If left unchecked, these issues can shut people out, frustrate customers, and even create legal risk. The takeaway is simple: AI-generated content is not automatically compliant with WCAG. It needs human oversight.

WCAG Still Applies—No Matter Who (or What) Creates the Content

WCAG, developed by the W3C, is the global standard for digital accessibility. It’s built around four principles:
- Perceivable: Users must be able to perceive the information (like adding alt text for images).
- Operable: Content should be easy to navigate and interact with (keyboard accessibility matters).
- Understandable: Information should be clear and predictable.
- Robust: Content must work with assistive technologies now and in the future.
These rules apply equally to all content, whether it’s human-created or AI-generated content. In the United States, the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) has fueled thousands of lawsuits over inaccessible websites and apps. Courts often turn to WCAG as the standard for compliance—and they aren’t alone. Many countries, including those in the European Union and Canada, also rely on WCAG as the foundation of their digital accessibility laws.

That means WCAG isn’t just a best practice—it’s often the measuring stick for legal compliance. Regardless of whether content was written by a human or generated by AI, if it excludes people with disabilities, it can be litigated upon. The risk is real: inaccessible content can damage your brand, frustrate customers, and create costly legal battles.

The AI Accessibility Checklist

This checklist will help you review AI-generated content before publishing. Each step ties directly to WCAG principles, making accessibility practical and manageable.

For AI-Written Text
- Use clear language: Choose plain, everyday words instead of jargon or long, complex phrasing.
- Ensure proper headings: Use semantic HTML like <h2> and <h3> so screen readers and assistive tech can navigate. Avoid using bold text as a replacement.
- Write descriptive links: Swap vague text like “click here” for something meaningful, such as “Download our accessibility guide.”
- Keep a consistent flow: Break up large blocks of text into shorter paragraphs, bullets, or numbered lists so readers can follow easily.
- Format for scanning: People often skim. Use headings, bullets, and white space to make sure they can still understand the main points at a glance.
For AI-Generated Images and Visuals
- Provide meaningful alt text: Describe the purpose of the image, not just what it looks like. For example, instead of “photo of a person,” write “Customer smiling while using our product.”
- Avoid text inside images: Important words should always appear as live text so they can be read by screen readers and resized.
- Check contrast: Make sure text and background colors meet at least a 4.5:1 ratio so words are readable by people with low vision.
- Don’t rely on color alone: Use shapes, labels, or patterns in addition to color to communicate meaning. This helps users who are colorblind.
For AI-Generated Multimedia
- Add synchronized captions for videos: Captions must match the audio in both timing and content.
- Provide transcripts for audio files: A text version allows people who can’t hear—or who prefer to read—to still access the information.
- Include audio descriptions: When visuals add meaning that isn’t spoken, narrate those details so blind users don’t miss them.
For AI-Generated Layouts, Code, or Documents
- Ensure keyboard accessibility: Test navigation using only Tab, Shift+Tab, and Enter keys. All interactive elements should be reachable.
- Create accessible PDFs: Include proper headings, a logical reading order, alt text for images, and searchable text.
- Support text resizing: Content should still work when zoomed to 200% without breaking the layout.
- Apply ARIA correctly: ARIA landmarks and roles can help when HTML alone isn’t enough, but they should never replace semantic tags.
Testing Your Output
- Manual review: Always look at the content yourself. Automated tools can’t replace human judgment.
- Assistive tech testing: Try screen readers, keyboard-only navigation, or voice input tools to see how real users will experience it.
- Automated scans: Use tools like WAVE, or Lighthouse to quickly flag common issues, then verify the results manually.
Running through this checklist regularly will catch most accessibility gaps before content reaches your audience.

Building Accessibility Into Your AI Workflow

The best way to make accessibility stick is to build it into the workflow, not tack it on at the end. Here are some ways to do that:
- Use accessible prompts: When you ask AI to create content, guide it with instructions like “Write at an 8th-grade level with clear headings and descriptive link text.” This increases the chance that the draft will already meet accessibility standards.
- Start with strong templates: Use page layouts, design systems, or document templates that are already set up with accessibility in mind. This reduces the risk of introducing barriers later.
- Assign responsibility: Make accessibility review part of someone’s role in the publishing process so it doesn’t get skipped.
- Iterate with feedback: If you notice that AI keeps generating inaccessible elements—like vague alt text or poor contrast—update your prompts or workflow so those issues don’t repeat.
- Set clear standards: Document rules for headings, alt text, link labels, color use, and formatting. Apply these rules consistently so everyone on your team is aligned.
By treating accessibility as a normal part of the process, AI-generated content becomes an asset to inclusion instead of a risk factor.

Accessibility Isn’t Optional—Even with AI

AI may be changing how quickly we create, but accessibility is what ensures that work actually connects with people. WCAG provides the framework, but it’s people—teams like yours—who make sure the digital world is usable for everyone.

The risks of overlooking accessibility are real, from frustrated customers to lawsuits. But the rewards are greater: trust, inclusivity, and a digital presence that welcomes all. The good news is you don’t need to slow down to get it right. With the right checklist and habits built into your workflow, accessibility becomes part of how you publish—not an afterthought.

At 216digital, we help businesses bring accessibility into every stage of content creation—including AI-generated content. If you’re unsure where you stand, consider scheduling a personalized ADA briefing with our team.

It’s a practical next step toward a digital experience that truly works for everyone.
Greg McNeil

August 11, 2025

Legal Compliance

Accessibility, AI-driven accessibility, AI-generated content, WCAG Compliance, Web Accessibility, Website Accessibility
Web Accessibility: More Than Screen Readers

Most teams begin their accessibility work with screen readers. It’s a sensible place to start, and it teaches good habits—clear headings, useful labels, predictable focus. But if you watch how people actually move through the web, the story quickly widens. Someone turns on captions in a quiet office. Another tabs through every link because the mouse hurts their wrist. A shopper zooms text to 200% on a small screen. Others flip on “reduce motion” or prefer calmer layouts that don’t flicker or jump.

Accessibility is shaped by all of those moments. Screen readers matter, but they’re only one piece of a much larger puzzle. When you consider the full range of human needs—and how different kinds of assistive technology come into play—you end up with digital spaces that feel open, intuitive, and usable for far more people.

Screen Readers Matter—Just Not Alone

JAWS, NVDA, and VoiceOver transform what’s on the screen into speech or braille. If your site ignores them, people with vision disabilities get pushed out. Many developers learn a lot by testing with a screen reader: headings need to make sense, labels need to be clear, and focus has to move in a logical path.

Still, a site can sound fine and feel wrong. Someone who magnifies text might meet a broken layout. A keyboard user might fall into a modal they can’t escape. That gap is the real problem to solve.

A Wider View of Assistive Technology

Disability is common, not rare. The World Health Organization estimates that about 1.3 billion people—roughly 16% of the world—live with a significant disability. Only a small slice are blind (about 0.5%), and around 3.7% have moderate-to-severe vision loss. Vision matters, absolutely. But the web serves far more needs than vision alone.

Auditory Access

Deaf and hard-of-hearing people need accurate captions and transcripts for video and audio. As more sites publish reels, demos, and webinars, captions move from “nice to have” to “basic courtesy.”

Motor Access

Precise mouse movement is tough for many users, and sometimes impossible. Keyboard support is the baseline. Some people navigate by voice or eye-tracking. Real buttons and links—rather than clickable <div>s—make those tools work as expected.

Cognitive and neurological access. Dense walls of text, busy layouts, surprise pop-ups, and flashing animation raise the mental load. Clear headings, steady patterns, and plain language help people focus and finish tasks.

Speech Access

Some users rely on text-based or symbol-based communication. Well-labeled forms, predictable flows, and forgiving error messages make participation possible.

And here’s a useful twist: not everyone who uses a screen reader identifies as disabled. WebAIM’s 2024 survey found about one in ten regular users said they didn’t use it due to a disability. Preference and context matter, too.

When a “Pass” Still Leaves People Out

You can pass a quick check and still miss real-world barriers. Text that won’t resize to 200% without breaking the layout shuts out people with low vision. A menu that can’t be reached—or dismissed—by keyboard blocks shoppers who never touch a mouse. Color-only cues hide errors from users with color-vision differences. Dense, academic language can drain energy from anyone with memory or attention challenges.

A familiar story: a developer confirms that a form “reads fine,” then a teammate tries it with only Tab and Shift+Tab and can’t reach the submit button. The fix isn’t complicated. The habit is. Test with and without assistive technology, and try the settings your customers actually use.

Build For Real Use, Not Just Audits

Automated tools catch a lot, but they cannot tell you if the interaction makes sense. People need to know where they are, what just changed, and what to do next. If something looks like a button, it should behave like one. If an error appears, it should be specific, announced to the right place, and easy to fix. That’s usability and accessibility working together, not two separate tracks.

Practical Steps That Respect Assistive Technology

Start with semantic HTML. Headings in order. Real lists. Labels tied to inputs. Landmarks that map the page.

Make the keyboard a first-class path. Every interactive element should accept focus, show a visible focus style, and respond to expected keys like Enter, Space, and Escape.

Keep visuals readable. Meet contrast guidelines. Let text scale to at least 200% without hiding content or controls. Never rely on color alone to convey meaning; pair it with text or an icon.

Use everyday language. Short sentences help. Active voice helps. Concrete verbs help. Jargon is fine when you must use it—just define it once and move on.

Invite real users into the loop. Include people who rely on assistive technology for sign-in, search, checkout, and support flows. A one-hour session with three users can reveal more truth than a week of back-and-forth about edge cases.

Baking these habits into design reviews, code reviews, and QA lowers risk and stress. Teams ship calmer products when inclusion isn’t a last-minute scramble.

Good Usability Helps Everybody

Design choices aimed at one group often lift all boats. Captions help Deaf users and anyone watching a video on mute. High contrast helps people with low vision and anyone standing in bright sun. Keyboard access helps users with motor disabilities and power users who never take their hands off the keys. The same is true for people using assistive technology on small screens, old laptops, or slow connections—clear structure and predictable behavior make sites feel fast even when networks aren’t.

Tools That Talk, Design That Listens

Screen readers changed the web for millions, but they are one part of a broader story. If your site also supports magnification, keyboard navigation, clear language, steady layouts, and strong contrast—while playing well with a variety of assistive technology—you open the door to far more people and far fewer surprises.

If you’re ready to go beyond the basics, 216digital offers ADA briefings tailored to web teams. These sessions give you space to ask questions, identify gaps, and build an action plan with experts who understand accessibility from both a human and business perspective.

Greg McNeil

August 8, 2025

Testing & Remediation, The Benefits of Web Accessibility

assistive technology, keyboard accessibility, screen readers
When Web Accessibility Standards Gets Fuzzy
Every team that works on digital accessibility eventually runs into the same moment: the rules don’t feel black and white. You’re following the Web Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) and doing your best to interpret them. Then suddenly, you find yourself asking: Does this count? Are we helping everyone, or could this fix create a new barrier somewhere else?

That’s not a sign you’re doing something wrong. It’s how web accessibility standards are written. WCAG is designed to cover countless technologies, contexts, and user needs—not to prescribe one rigid answer for every situation. That flexibility leaves room for judgment, but it can also leave teams second-guessing their choices.

This article is here to help. We’ll walk through why these “grey areas” exist, why they’re not a weakness but a feature of the standard, and—most importantly—how you can approach them with confidence. You’ll get a practical, repeatable framework to guide decisions, reduce risk, and keep accessibility focused on what really matters: creating digital experiences that work for people.

What Are WCAG “Grey Areas”?

“Grey areas” are success criteria that can be met in more than one valid way, or where context changes the best answer. They matter because solving for one disability group can, at times, introduce friction for another. Trade-offs are real, and responsible teams face them head-on.

These scenarios highlight why web accessibility standards are intentionally flexible, pushing teams to weigh impact, not just compliance.
- Dark mode: A darker theme can reduce glare and help many people with low vision or light sensitivity. But some users with dyslexia or astigmatism may read best with higher-contrast dark text on a light background. A user-controlled toggle is a solid compromise.
- Reflow (SC 1.4.10): Avoiding horizontal scroll at 320–400 px width sounds simple, until a multi-column data table collapses and users lose the ability to compare rows and columns.
- Non-text contrast (SC 1.4.11): What counts as “essential” visual information? In infographics or dense UIs, borders, separators, and icon strokes can be more important than they look at first glance.
- Link purpose (SC 2.4.4): Is “See details” okay? Often yes—if the link sits under a descriptive product name or is wrapped with an accessible name/description that conveys purpose. If a page lists 20 identical “Read more” links with no additional context, that’s a problem.
- Alt text: Even the basics aren’t always basic. An image might need a rich description on a museum site, but be marked decorative in a dashboard if it adds no meaning.
Why Ambiguity Exists—and Why That’s Okay

WCAG isn’t a script; it’s a set of outcomes. It avoids prescribing specific UI patterns so it can work across devices, frameworks, and future tech. That flexibility can feel frustrating when you need a yes/no answer today. But it’s also where web accessibility standards allow accessibility leadership to shine.

The goal isn’t perfection. It’s clarity, consistency, and usability—especially for people who rely on assistive technology. When the standard leaves room for interpretation, your job is to apply sound reasoning, test with real users, and document what you did and why.

A Practical Framework for Resolving WCAG Grey Areas

Use this five-step process to move from “it depends” to “here’s what we’ll do.”

Step 1: Start with the Source

Go beyond the short success-criterion text and read the Understanding WCAG guidance. These pages explain intent, define terms, and include examples and common failures. Many “edge cases” are addressed there, even if not word-for-word identical to your scenario.

Tip: Keep a shared team doc of the Understanding pages you reference most. It speeds consensus.

Step 2: Analyze Real User Impact

Shift from “Does this pass?” to “Who does this help or hinder—and by how much?” Consider:
- Screen reader and braille users
- Keyboard-only and switch users
- Low-vision users (zoom, magnifiers, custom styles)
- Users with cognitive or attention-related conditions
- Motion/vestibular sensitivities and color-vision differences
Ask: Does one option create a minor inconvenience while another blocks a key task? If a choice affects checkout, account access, or a critical service, prioritize task success over neatness or brand purity.

Step 3: Test with People Who Use AT

When the stakes are high, run quick, focused usability tests with people who use assistive tech. You don’t need a giant study. Five to eight participants who reflect the impacted group can reveal what theory can’t.
- Scope the test to the specific component or flow.
- Observe with screen readers, keyboard only, and zoom.
- Capture where users stumble, not just what they say.
User evidence turns debates into decisions.

Step 4: Phone a Friend (the Right One)

If internal consensus stalls, bring in an accessibility expert with hands-on WCAG experience—ideally someone comfortable with dynamic UIs, eCommerce patterns, and ARIA.

Credentials like CPACC can help, but project-based proof matters most: “Show me where you solved this before.”

Step 5: Document Your Rationale

Most teams skip this safety net. For every grey-area decision, record:
- The WCAG criterion(s) at issue
- The ambiguity you faced
- The options considered
- The reasoning: user impact, technical feasibility, constraints
- Any expert input or user-testing results
- The final decision and where it applies (component, template, page type)
Store this where designers, developers, QA, and product can find it. You’ll create consistency across teams and time.

Common Examples, Resolved with the Framework

Let’s revisit those tricky scenarios and apply the process. This is where teams can see how web accessibility standards translate from theory into practice.

Reflow vs. Data Integrity (SC 1.4.10)
- Challenge: A comparison table collapses at 320 px, and users can’t relate cells across columns.
- Approach: Understanding WCAG clarifies that the intent is to avoid two-dimensional scrolling for most content while preserving meaning.
- Decision: Provide a responsive table with a toggle: stacked rows by default for small screens, with a “Compare columns” view that preserves tabular relationships and allows horizontal scroll within the table container. Add a “Skip to table comparison” anchor and ARIA summary to explain the toggle.
- Result: Reflow is respected where it helps, and comparison remains possible where it matters.
Link Purpose in Card Grids (SC 2.4.4)
- Challenge: Product cards each have an image, name, price, and a “See details” link.
- Approach: Screen reader testing shows that when the product name is an accessible link, the extra “See details” adds noise.
- Decision: Make the product title the primary link with a descriptive accessible name (e.g., “View details for Acme Pro Blender”). Keep “See details” visible but aria-hidden or make it a button that moves focus to the same target for sighted mouse users who expect it.
- Result: Purpose is clear programmatically and visually; duplication is removed for AT users.
Non-Text Contrast on Icon Buttons (SC 1.4.11)
- Challenge: Icon-only controls use thin strokes that technically reach 3:1 against the background, but some users miss them.
- Approach: Prioritize recognizability over minimalism.
- Decision: Increase stroke width and contrast on the icon and its focus indicator. Add an accessible name (e.g., “Filter results”) and a visible label on hover/focus for cognitive clarity.
- Result: The control is perceivable and operable for more users—even if it slightly shifts the visual aesthetic.
Dark Mode and Motion Preferences
- Challenge: Dark mode improves comfort for many, but not all. Animations delight some, but can trigger discomfort for others.
- Approach: Respect user control and system settings.
- Decision: Provide a theme toggle that remembers preference. Honor prefers-color-scheme and prefers-reduced-motion. Keep contrast targets consistent across themes.
- Result: Users opt into what works for them; your defaults are inclusive, not absolute.
Alt Text in Dashboards
- Challenge: Decorative charts and status icons risk becoming screen reader noise.
- Approach: Identify the purpose of each image.
- Decision: Provide a textual summary or data table for the chart. Mark decorative images with empty alt (alt=""). For meaningful icons, supply concise alt text or an aria-label on the control they’re part of.
- Result: Users get the information without redundant chatter.
Let Strategy Guide You—Not Guesswork

Grey areas in web accessibility standards aren’t flaws to fear—they’re invitations to make thoughtful, people-first choices. With a repeatable process, you can:
- Ground decisions in the intent of WCAG, not just the letter web accessibility standards.
- Weigh real user impact over theoretical compliance.
- Validate with targeted testing and expert input.
- Build a paper trail that improves consistency and reduces risk.
Accessibility is a journey, especially on complex products. You won’t get every decision perfect the first time, and that’s okay. What matters is that your choices are deliberate, documented, and centered on the people who need your site to work every single time.

Need a second set of eyes? If your team is wrestling with ambiguous criteria, we can help you apply web accessibility standards in a way that fits your design system, codebase, and real users. Schedule an ADA briefing with 216digital to walk through your grey-area challenges and map a clear, defensible path forward.
Greg McNeil

August 7, 2025

WCAG Compliance

Accessibility, WCAG, WCAG Compliance, WCAG conformance, Website Accessibility
Don’t Wait for AI Accessibility Tools to Catch Up
AI is everywhere right now. It’s drafting blog posts, churning out social captions, even scanning websites for compliance issues. And if you’ve been keeping up with the hype, you’ve probably noticed one claim in particular: that AI can solve accessibility.

For a business moving at full speed, that promise sounds almost too good to pass up. Install a plugin, run a scan, check a box—done. But accessibility doesn’t work like that. These tools can point out some issues, sure, but they rarely fix the barriers that actually keep people with disabilities from using your site, your app, or your documents. The cracks stay hidden under a shiny patch.

And those cracks matter. Real people get shut out of digital spaces. Companies expose themselves to lawsuits and financial hits. And maybe most importantly, the bigger goal—building technology that works for everyone—keeps getting delayed.

This article takes a closer look at what AI tools really can (and can’t) do, and why waiting for automation to “catch up” is a risky bet. More than that, it gives you practical steps to start building accessibility into your digital strategy today—steps that create lasting, meaningful change.

AI Is Exciting—but Not a Magic Bullet

AI tools like AudioEye can scan sites, flag issues, and apply quick fixes in real time—like adding alt text, adjusting color contrast, or correcting heading levels. For busy teams, it feels like a shortcut to digital inclusion.

But here’s the reality check: research shows AI accessibility tools typically catch only 20–30% of issues. That leaves a massive gap—and it’s a gap with real consequences for users who can’t access your content, and for your legal risk.

What AI Accessibility Tools Miss

Most AI accessibility tools and overlays don’t actually fix your code. They act like a layer on top of your site, attempting to correct problems as the page loads. The underlying barriers remain in your codebase, breaking accessibility where it matters most.

Here are some of the common issues AI often misses or misinterprets:
- Missing headings that prevent screen reader users from navigating efficiently.
- Images with no alt text—or worse, incorrect auto-generated descriptions that mislead rather than help.
- Links with vague text like “click here” that don’t explain their purpose.
- Form fields with no labels, making it impossible for assistive tech users to complete them.
- Required fields that aren’t marked as required.
- Submit buttons with no clear labels, leaving users stuck at the finish line.
These aren’t minor hiccups—they’re major roadblocks. And they can’t be “patched over” by automation.

Even more importantly: AI doesn’t know how real people use your site. It doesn’t test whether your video player works with voice commands, whether your interactive map is navigable by keyboard, or whether your carousel is usable for someone with limited dexterity. Human judgment and lived experience are irreplaceable.

AI Might Improve—Eventually

Will AI accessibility tools improve? Absolutely. At some point, automation may be able to deliver more accurate fixes, faster and at scale. But that capability is years away—not weeks. Your users and your legal obligations can’t wait for that future to arrive.

Legal Risk: You’re Responsible Today

Accessibility laws don’t include a “wait until AI gets better” clause. The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), the European Accessibility Act (EAA), and Canada’s AODA all require accessible digital content right now.

And the lawsuits are growing: in 2024, more than 4,000 ADA Title III lawsuits were filed in the U.S. alone. By the end of 2025, experts expect nearly 5,000. In the first quarter of 2025, nearly 200 suits specifically targeted companies that relied on overlays or AI accessibility tools to claim compliance—claims that didn’t hold up in practice.

High-profile cases underscore the risk. In January 2025, the U.S. Federal Trade Commission fined accessiBe $1 million for deceptive claims that its AI product guaranteed WCAG compliance. The reality: it didn’t. And regulators, courts, and customers are paying attention.

Accessibility Pays: Beyond Risk Avoidance

Avoiding lawsuits matters, but accessibility is also an opportunity. About 20% of the global population lives with a disability. That’s one in five potential customers who may face barriers if your site isn’t accessible.

Accessibility also improves usability for everyone:
- Captions help not only people with hearing loss but also those in noisy environments.
- High contrast improves readability in bright light or for anyone with color sensitivity.
- Clear link text and consistent layouts make navigation easier and faster for all users.
These changes lead to stronger customer loyalty, better SEO, and a brand reputation for being inclusive and trustworthy. Accessibility isn’t just compliance—it’s good business.

How to Act Today—Practical Steps

If automation isn’t enough, what’s the path forward? The good news: it’s clear and manageable.
1. Test manually: Explore your site with assistive technologies like screen readers or voice navigation. Even better, involve people with disabilities in your testing process. Their feedback reveals barriers no scan will catch.
2. Use automation wisely: Scanners and overlays can still help identify issues like missing alt text or low contrast. Just remember: they’re helpers, not full solutions.
3. Adopt a hybrid model: Combine automation with human-led testing and remediation. Let AI handle repetitive checks, and let experts ensure usability and compliance.
4. Integrate accessibility into your process: Make it part of everyday workflows—design, development, content creation, and media production. Fixing accessibility at the source saves time, money, and stress.
Accessibility becomes much easier when it’s built into how your team works every day.

Looking Ahead

The future of AI accessibility tools is promising, but they’re not a replacement for human insight. Even as AI advances, accessibility will still require oversight, inclusive design, and empathy for how people actually use technology.

For now, the choice is clear: don’t wait. The risks are here today, but so are the opportunities to create better digital experiences. Even small improvements—like labeling form fields or ensuring captions—make a real difference.

By acting now, you reduce legal risk, improve usability, and position yourself to take advantage of AI when it’s truly ready.

Ready to get started? Schedule an ADA briefing with 216digital to see where your digital content may fall short. Learn which tools can help, what requires expert attention, and how to build accessibility into your roadmap. Clear guidance, no hype—just a realistic plan for moving forward with confidence.
Greg McNeil

August 6, 2025

Legal Compliance

Accessibility, Accessibility Remediation, Ai and Overlay Widgets, AI-driven accessibility, Website Accessibility
Lost in Focus? Blame Keyboard Traps
You’ve probably been there. You build a custom modal or some fancy dropdown, tab into it to test, and suddenly you’re stuck. Focus won’t move. The Tab key feels broken, Shift+Tab does nothing, and Escape isn’t helping either. That’s not a bug in your laptop—it’s a keyboard trap.

And honestly? They’re way more common than we like to admit. WebAIM has been flagging them as one of the top accessibility failures for over a decade, and the problem hasn’t really improved. The thing is, you don’t need to be an accessibility specialist to fix them. You just need to understand how they occur, how the Web Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) addresses them, and how to integrate prevention into your regular workflow. Let’s talk through it, developer to developer.

What Are Keyboard Traps?

A keyboard trap happens when focus moves into a component but can’t get back out using standard keyboard navigation. That usually means Tab and Shift+Tab stop working, Escape is ignored, and the user is stuck.

According to WCAG Success Criterion 2.1.2 (“No Keyboard Trap”), any element that takes focus must also provide a way to exit using only the keyboard. In other words: if your widget can grab focus, it must also let go of it.

For developers, this is more than a compliance checkmark. A trap breaks assumptions about how users move through a page. It disrupts assistive tech like screen readers and can fail QA instantly. Even if the rest of your site is clean, one trap in a modal or custom control can undo the entire user journey.

Who’s Affected (And Why You Should Care)

It’s easy to think of accessibility in the abstract, but keyboard traps create very real roadblocks:
- Motor-impaired users rely on the keyboard because a mouse isn’t practical.
- People with temporary injuries—a broken wrist, for example—may need keyboard-only navigation for weeks.
- Screen reader users follow focus to know where they are. If it never moves, the reader has nothing more to say.
- Developers themselves—many of us use the keyboard for speed. If you’ve ever hit Tab to check your own work and gotten stuck, you know how disruptive it feels.
Bottom line: if your component can trap you, it can trap someone who doesn’t have another option.

So where do these traps usually show up? More often than not, in the places where we customize behavior.

Where Keyboard Traps Hide

Traps aren’t usually intentional. They sneak in where custom code overrides native behavior. Here are the usual suspects:

Modals, Popovers, and Dialogs

A modal with div role="dialog" looks great until focus disappears inside. The fix is to intentionally loop focus only while the modal is open and let Escape close it:
```
function trapFocus(modalEl) {
  const focusable = modalEl.querySelectorAll(
    'a[href], button:not([disabled]), input, textarea, select, [tabindex]:not([tabindex="-1"])'
  );
  const first = focusable[0];
  const last = focusable[focusable.length - 1];
  modalEl.addEventListener("keydown", e => {
    if (e.key === "Tab") {
      // If Shift+Tab on first element, wrap back to last
      if (e.shiftKey && document.activeElement === first) {
        e.preventDefault();
        last.focus();
      }
      // If Tab on last element, wrap back to first
      else if (!e.shiftKey && document.activeElement === last) {
        e.preventDefault();
        first.focus();
      }
    } else if (e.key === "Escape") {
      // Allow users to close with Escape and return focus
      closeModal();
    }
  });
}
```
This follows WAI-ARIA practices: focus a meaningful element on open, loop safely, and return focus when closing.

Forms and Custom Inputs

Date pickers or masked inputs often intercept arrow keys, Enter, or Tab. Without an Escape handler, the user is locked. Keep event listeners scoped:
```
datePickerEl.addEventListener("keydown", e => {
  switch (e.key) {
    case "ArrowLeft": /* move date */ break;
    case "ArrowRight": /* move date */ break;
    case "Escape":
      // Escape should always close and release focus
      closeDatePicker();
      break;
    default:
      return; // Don’t block Tab or Shift+Tab
  }
});
```
Also keep aria-expanded updated so assistive tech knows when a picker is open or closed.

Media Players

Custom video players sometimes swallow every keydown. Space, arrows, and Tab all get blocked. That’s a recipe for keyboard traps. Instead:
```
playerEl.addEventListener("keydown", e => {
  if (e.key === " " || e.key.startsWith("Arrow")) {
    // Map keys to playback controls (play, pause, seek, etc.)
    e.stopPropagation(); // Stop event bubbling, but don’t block Tab
  }
  // Important: Don’t block Tab!
});
```
For YouTube iframes, use ?disablekb=1 to disable its shortcuts and implement your own accessible ones.

JavaScript-Enhanced Links

Sometimes developers add keydown handlers to links or buttons that override Tab. If you call preventDefault() on Tab, you’ve created a trap.

Rule of thumb: only intercept Space or Enter for activation. Let Tab do its job.

Testing for Keyboard Traps

Automation tools like WAVE or Lighthouse can catch some violations, but many traps slip through. Manual checks are essential:
- Start at the browser address bar.
- Press Tab repeatedly.
- Watch the focus ring. Does it keep moving or stall?
- Use Shift+Tab to go backward.
- Open components like modals, menus, or players. Try Escape. Does it close and return focus?
Build this into your QA flow. Think of it as a “keyboard-only smoke test.” It takes two minutes and can save your users hours of frustration.

Best Practices for Trap-Safe Code

To keep keyboard traps out of your codebase:
- Use native elements whenever possible—buttons, links, selects. They come with keyboard behavior for free.
- Follow ARIA Authoring Practices when building custom components. They define expected key behavior for dialogs, menus, and more.
- Centralize focus-trap utilities. Don’t reinvent it in every modal.
- Document the behavior. A hint like “Press Escape to close” in a dialog helps everyone.
- Add accessibility checks in your Storybook or Cypress tests. Press Tab in your stories. Does it cycle correctly?
A Safe Dropdown in Action

Here’s a minimal example of a dropdown that avoids keyboard traps:
```
<button id="dropdown-trigger" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="dropdown-menu">
  Options
</button>
<ul id="dropdown-menu" role="menu" hidden>
  <li role="menuitem"><a href="#">Profile</a></li>
  <li role="menuitem"><a href="#">Settings</a></li>
  <li role="menuitem"><a href="#">Logout</a></li>
</ul>
```
With the right ARIA attributes and by leaving Tab behavior untouched, this dropdown stays safe and accessible.

Build Trap Prevention into Your Workflow

Don’t treat accessibility like a last-minute patch. Bake it into your process:
- Add “keyboard-only test” to your pull request checklist.
- Run axe-core or similar tools on staging builds.
- Train QA and PMs to check focus flows during reviews.
- Pair with design: ask early, “How would this work without a mouse?”
These habits don’t just prevent keyboard traps—they build a culture of inclusive development.

Focus on What Matters

Accessibility slips often come from the smallest details—like a single missing Escape handler or an overzealous preventDefault(). But those little choices ripple out into real-world barriers. The upside is, once you start looking for them, traps are one of the easiest things to fix—and the payoff is huge.

If you’re looking to strengthen your accessibility practices and reduce risk, 216digital offers ADA briefings tailored specifically for development teams. These sessions go beyond checklists—they walk through real code examples, explain how WCAG applies in day-to-day work, and give your team a clear roadmap for building components that won’t leave users stuck. It’s a chance to ask questions, get practical guidance, and bring accessibility into your workflow in a way that lasts.

Schedule an ADA briefing today and start building better, more inclusive code.
Greg McNeil

August 4, 2025

How-to Guides

Accessibility, How-to, keyboard accessibility, Keyboard Navigation, Keyboard traps, web developers, web development, Website Accessibility

Accessible Infographics? You’ve Got This

We’ve all shared or pinned a gorgeous infographic only to discover later that it’s unreadable on a phone or impossible for a screen reader to explain. That disconnect can leave a big slice of your audience—people who rely on assistive tech, low‑vision users, mobile users, and anybody skimming—out of the story you worked hard to tell. The good news? You don’t have to pick between visual flair and inclusivity. A handful of WCAG‑inspired habits will let your next infographic sparkle and speak to everyone. Accessible infographics make that possible—balancing form, function, and inclusivity without sacrificing design.

Why Accessibility in Infographics Matters

It’s the right thing and the smart thing. Legal compliance matters, but so does brand trust. Inclusive visuals show you value every visitor without using scare tactics.
Wider reach. Alt text, transcripts, and high‑contrast design remove barriers for millions of people with disabilities—and for situational limitations like glare or slow bandwidth.
Mobile muscle. Clean, well‑structured graphics load faster and resize gracefully.
SEO & UX boost. Search engines can’t “see” pictures, but they can read your text equivalents, giving your infographic a discoverability edge.

Think of accessibility as a design constraint that ignites creativity, not a brake pedal. Accessible infographics prove that good design and good access can go hand-in-hand.

Core Principles for Accessible Infographic Design

1. Start With Simplicity

Simple visuals land harder and translate better.

Stick to 5–7 key takeaways—enough to inform, not overwhelm.
Trim decorative flourishes that don’t support the story.
Let white space breathe so eyes can rest and elements stand out.

2. Organize With a Logical Structure

Viewers should follow your flow without guessing.

Group related data in clear clusters or panels.
Use subtle borders or tinted backgrounds to separate sections.
Keep a steady top‑to‑bottom, left‑to‑right reading order. If you must break it, guide with numbered steps or arrows.

3. Prioritize Readable Text

Fancy fonts may look slick, but legibility rules.

Do	Skip
Sans‑serif faces like Arial, Verdana, Open Sans	Ornate scripts or heavy italics
14 pt minimum (roughly 18–20 px on web)	Tiny captions that force zooming
Sentence case	ALL CAPS everywhere
Horizontal text	Diagonal or curved text

Even sighted readers appreciate the clarity—especially on smaller screens.

Make the Visuals Understandable to Everyone

4. Provide Text Equivalents

Alt text isn’t just for photos.

Basic shapes or icons: “Pie chart showing 60 % of users prefer mobile.”
Complex data: Add a long description or transcript nearby or in a collapsible section—describe axes, color keys, and trends.
Link out if the description is lengthy (great for dashboards).
Sprinkle in ARIA roles (role= "img") sparingly when embedding the graphic inside interactive layouts.

The rule of thumb: If someone couldn’t see the image, would your text give them the same insights? This step is at the heart of what makes accessible infographics work for everyone—not just some.

5. Use Color With Care

Color is an accent, not a crutch.

Keep a 4.5 : 1 contrast ratio for text and meaningful icons. Online checkers like WebAIM make it fast.
Pair hues with patterns, labels, or icons so color‑blind users still get the message. Think stripes vs. solids on a bar chart.
Limit yourself to 3–5 colors plus neutrals. A restrained palette keeps focus where it belongs—your data.

Good color contrast is essential to creating accessible infographics that everyone can interpret accurately.

Don’t Forget the Tech‑Specific Details

6. Accessible Animation (If You Use It)

Micro‑animations can bring data to life—but keep them optional.

Avoid flashes faster than three times per second.
Provide pause/stop controls or opt-out settings.
Offer a static fallback (SVG or PNG) so no one gets stuck waiting on motion.

7. Link Design

Infographics often point to reports or landing pages.

Target size: At least 24 × 24 px so thumbs and keyboards can hit comfortably.
Make the link text explain itself: “Download Full Report” beats “Click Here.”
Style hover, focus, and visited states so users always know where they are.

8. Optimize for Mobile

Over half of your audience views on small screens first.

Create a responsive layout that re‑flows vertically.
Test touch targets with your own hands—thumb‑stretch included.
Use SVG or responsive HTML/CSS infographics to scale without blur.

Responsive design ensures accessible infographics display clearly and consistently no matter what device someone is using.

Test Like Accessibility Depends on It (Because It Does)

Automated checks
- WAVE browser extension for structure issues.
- WebAIM Contrast Checker for color ratios.
Manual passes
- Screen reader skim (NVDA or JAWS on Windows, VoiceOver on Mac/iOS).
- Keyboard‑only navigation—can you tab through links and controls?
- Real‑world mobile test—rotate, zoom, and scroll.
User feedback
Nothing replaces insight from people with disabilities. If possible, include them in your review cycle.
Need deeper assurance? A third‑party accessibility audit can spotlight hidden gaps before launch.

Accessibility Isn’t a Compromise—It’s a Design Strength

Accessible infographics amplify your reach, polish your user experience, and future‑proof your brand. Yes, the checklist feels long at first—but each small win builds momentum. Before you know it, designing with inclusion in mind becomes second nature, and your visuals resonate with everyone.

Want a shortcut to confidence? 216digital specializes in turning creative ideas into accessible infographics without draining your team’s bandwidth. Schedule a personalized ADA briefing, and we’ll walk you through what matters most for your brand, your users, and your workflow.

Inclusive storytelling isn’t beyond your skill set—you’ve got this.

Greg McNeil

July 29, 2025

How-to Guides

Accessibility, Accessible Design, infographic, Web Accessibility, Web Accessible Design, Website Accessibility

Digital Accessibility: A 2025 Midyear Reality Check
It’s only August, and 2025 is already shaping up to be a defining year for digital accessibility. The pace of change has picked up, not just in technology, but in the legal and business consequences of falling behind. According to Useablenet, a staggering 2,019 lawsuits have already been filed in U.S. courts alleging accessibility violations on websites and digital platforms as of July. That puts us on track to exceed 4,975 cases by year’s end—a 20% increase over 2024.

So what’s behind the uptick? And what does it mean for online businesses trying to stay compliant, competitive, and ahead of the curve? In this midyear report, we’ll look at the legal shifts, industry patterns, and common mistakes that continue to trip companies up—and where the real opportunities are to get ahead.

A Sharp Rise in Lawsuits: The Numbers and What They Mean

Let’s start with the numbers. The current legal landscape around digital accessibility is increasingly being shaped in the courtroom. With over 2,000 cases already filed, 2025 is pacing to be the busiest year yet.

What’s driving the surge? Several forces are at play:
- Federal enforcement is light, continuing a years-long trend of limited DOJ action, which shifts the burden to private plaintiffs.
- Legal uncertainty—especially at the federal level—has led to more lawsuits in state courts, where rules are less predictable.
- Strategic filings in state courts, particularly in New York, are on the rise. These courts offer more venues, a larger pool of judges, and sometimes more favorable rulings for plaintiffs. They’re also less likely to show what some call “judicial fatigue”—a phenomenon where federal judges grow weary of seeing repeated, similar claims.
Bottom line? We’re in an era where litigation—not legislation—is leading the way on enforcement.

Industries in the Crosshairs: Who’s Being Targeted Now?

E-commerce is still the top target, making up 69% of all digital accessibility lawsuits filed this year. That’s no surprise—shopping websites are complex, constantly changing, and directly tied to revenue, which makes them high-stakes for both users and businesses.

But some sectors are seeing sharp increases:
- Food Services: up from 11% in 2024 to 18% this year
- Healthcare: rising from 2% to 4%
- Fitness & Wellness: increasing from 2% to 3%
What’s Behind the Rise in These Sectors?

Several things are driving these jumps:
- Many of these sectors rapidly moved more services online in recent years—ordering, booking, telehealth, membership access—but didn’t always include accessibility in those updates.
- The accessibility of core functions—like scheduling a doctor’s appointment or ordering a meal—is especially critical for users with disabilities. When those experiences fall short, they attract scrutiny.
If your business is in one of these spaces, now’s the time to pay close attention.

The Widget Illusion: Overlays Aren’t Cutting It

Accessibility overlays—also known as widgets or toolbars—promise quick fixes. But in reality, they’re creating a false sense of security.

In March 2025 alone, 132 lawsuits were filed against companies using accessibility overlays. That’s not just a record—it’s a wake-up call. For comparison, the highest monthly total in all of 2024 was June, with 121 cases.

The issue is simple: overlays don’t address the real problems buried in your site’s code. They’re cosmetic patches, not functional repairs. Assistive technologies still can’t navigate many sites with overlays, and screen readers often don’t play nice with widget-driven content changes.

If you’re relying on a widget as your accessibility plan, you’re not just behind—you’re at risk.

What To Watch for in the Second Half of 2025

Looking ahead, the rest of 2025 isn’t likely to slow down. Here’s what’s coming:
- More state-level legislation: As federal rules stall, states may push their own accessibility laws. Businesses could face different standards depending on where they operate.
- Litigation as the main enforcement method: Until there’s stronger federal oversight, lawsuits will remain the most effective (and costly) way accessibility is being regulated.
- Overlays under a microscope: Legal and public pressure against widgets will likely continue to mount. Expect more headlines—and more lawsuits.
- Sector-specific crackdowns: Fitness, food, and healthcare industries are expected to see even more scrutiny in Q3 and Q4. If your digital presence in these sectors hasn’t been audited recently, now is the time.
Staying aware of these trends will help your business adjust before becoming part of next quarter’s data.

Staying Ahead, Not Just Staying Afloat

The first half of 2025 has sent a loud, clear message: digital accessibility can’t be an afterthought. The risks are growing, but so are the opportunities to do better—for your customers, your brand, and your legal standing.

This midyear checkpoint is a smart moment to pause and reassess. Are your current efforts truly accessible? Or just designed to pass a basic scan? Are you building for real users with disabilities—or relying on a shortcut that might leave you exposed?

Avoid being part of next quarter’s lawsuit stats. Start making real progress now.

At 216digital, we offer a free ADA briefing to help you figure out exactly where you stand. It’s not a sales pitch—it’s a chance to get clarity, ask questions, and understand your risk. From that foundation, we help you build a plan that fits your site, your team, and your timeline.

Because staying ahead in 2025 isn’t just about compliance. It’s about creating digital experiences that include everyone—and doing it with confidence.

Need a reality check on your accessibility efforts? Schedule your ADA briefing today. Let’s move forward—together.
Greg McNeil

July 28, 2025

Legal Compliance

2025, Accessibility, ADA Lawsuit, Web Accessibility, web accessibility lawsuits, Website Accessibility
UX in Mind: Your Simple Guide to Accessible Design
The success of any website or app really boils down to one thing: how it feels to use. If people can navigate your site easily, find what they’re looking for, and get things done without frustration, they’re far more likely to stick around—and come back. But when the experience is confusing, clunky, or leaves some users behind? That’s when you lose them.

At its core, good UX design is about making sure everyone can use your product—regardless of ability, device, or familiarity. The best experiences don’t just work for some; they work for all.

We’ve put together a practical checklist to help you design with accessibility in mind—covering visual, auditory, motor, and cognitive needs. And we’ll point you toward helpful tools and resources so you can keep learning, keep improving, and keep building digital experiences that truly welcome everyone.

The Fundamentals of Accessible UX

Accessibility is about designing for how people actually live and interact—not just for some perfect, idealized user. It’s about making space for the full range of human experiences, because that’s who’s showing up at your digital doorstep. And when you zoom out, the impact becomes clear: over 16% of the world’s population lives with a significant disability. When you keep that in mind from the start, the end result isn’t just more inclusive—it’s better for everyone.

And yes, the benefits are very real:
- You’ll reach more people
- Build stronger trust with your audience
- Lower your legal risks
- And create a smoother, more enjoyable experience across the board
But to get there, it helps to understand how accessibility and usability work together.

Accessibility vs. Usability

Accessibility and usability go hand in hand, but they aren’t quite the same thing. Accessibility means people can use your site—regardless of ability. Usability means they want to. It’s the difference between building a ramp and making sure the door is easy to open once you get there. When both are in place, you’re not just meeting a requirement—you’re delivering a great experience.

So how do you do that in practice?

In the sections ahead, we’ll walk through four key areas to focus on: visual, auditory, motor, and cognitive accessibility. Each one connects to the WCAG POUR principles—Perceivable, Operable, Understandable, and Robust—which are all about making digital content work well for as many people as possible, in as many ways as possible.

Visual Accessibility: Making Your Content Clear

When it comes to digital experiences, what people see—and how clearly they see it—matters. Strong accessible design means your content shows up well for everyone, no matter their vision or viewing environment. Whether someone’s using a screen reader, navigating with magnification tools, or just scrolling on their phone in the sun, your design choices can make a big difference.

Color and Contrast: Give Every Element a Voice

Color does a lot of heavy lifting in design, but it shouldn’t have to carry meaning on its own. Good contrast helps your content stand out and stay legible in all kinds of settings—from dark rooms to bright sidewalks. Use tools like WebAIM Contrast Checker to spot trouble areas before your users do.

Instead of just using red to show an error, pair it with an icon and a message that says what’s going on. That way, everyone—regardless of how they see color—gets the same info. And skip putting important text over photos or gradients. It might look nice, but it often makes things harder to read.

Try this: View your layout in grayscale. Can you still tell what’s what? If not, it’s time for a few tweaks.

Text and Typography: Keep It Clean and Comfortable

Fonts don’t just carry words—they carry the experience. Stick with simple, sans-serif fonts like Arial, Helvetica, or Open Sans. They’re easier to read and less likely to cause eye strain. Avoid fancy decorative fonts for body copy, and go with a minimum of 16px for body text. Line height should feel breathable—somewhere around 1.4 to 1.6x the font size—so your words don’t feel cramped.

And remember, people should be able to zoom in up to 200% without a loss of content. That’s not just a nice-to-have—it’s part of WCAG’s requirements.

Quick test: Zoom way in and try navigating with just a keyboard. Everything should still be readable, usable, and scroll in one direction.

Images and Media: Describe What Matters

Images aren’t just decoration—they carry meaning, emotion, and context. But that only works if everyone gets to experience them. That’s where alt text comes in. For each image, ask yourself: What is this doing here?

If it’s decorative, mark it with empty alt text (alt=""). If it’s showing something important—like a process, a chart, or an instruction—give it a short, clear description. And for complex visuals? Offer a more detailed breakdown nearby or link out to a longer description.

Heads up: Avoid embedding key text inside images. If you have to, make sure that the same info is also available as live text on the page.

Links and Structure: Build a Clear Path

“Click here” doesn’t cut it anymore. Link text should be clear and specific—like “Download the full pricing guide” or “View shipping options.” This gives screen reader users meaningful context and helps anyone scanning your page understand exactly where a link will take them.

But clarity isn’t just about links—it’s about how the entire page is structured.

Use semantic headings (H1 to H6) to create a strong, logical outline. That helps screen reader users and keyboard navigators alike. And if you want to go a step further, use ARIA landmarks (like role= "main" or role= "navigation") to give even more structure to your layout.

Try this: Tab through your site or listen to it with a screen reader. If the page sounds confusing out loud, it probably reads that way too.

Auditory Accessibility: Sound That Speaks to Everyone

Audio can bring depth to your content—but only if it’s accessible. Make sure all multimedia includes captions or transcripts. This isn’t just about supporting users who are d/Deaf or hard of hearing—it’s about meeting people where they are: whether they’re in a crowded café, a quiet office, or scrolling with the sound off.

Captions should be accurate, well-timed, and include important background sounds like [music] or [laughter] when they add meaning. Bonus points if you also let users control playback speed, jump to specific moments, or pause when needed.

Skip the surprise: Don’t autoplay audio or video. And if it starts automatically, make sure there’s an easy-to-find pause or mute button.

If your design relies on voice commands, always offer another way to engage—like buttons, text input, or keyboard shortcuts. Voice should be an option, not a barrier.

Motor Accessibility: Let Everyone Navigate Their Way

Not everyone uses a mouse. For some users, navigating your site with a keyboard—or assistive tools like switch controls—is their primary method. That’s why motor accessibility is so important.

Your site should be fully usable with just a keyboard. That means:
- A logical tab order that follows the flow of the page
- Visible focus styles that clearly show where the user is
- Accessible modals that keep focus inside until they’re closed
- A skip link to let users jump past repeated content
Touch targets need to be big enough—at least 44px by 44px—and spaced well so people don’t hit the wrong button by accident. And don’t rely on hover-only tooltips. Make sure the same info shows up when elements get keyboard focus or a tap.

Test it out: Try using your site with only the keyboard. You’ll quickly spot any dead ends or frustrating traps.

Cognitive Accessibility: Make It Clear, Make It Work

Cognitive accessibility is about reducing mental strain. It’s for users who may be neurodivergent, have memory or learning differences, or just want a simpler, calmer experience (which, honestly, is all of us sometimes).

Consistency is key. Stick with familiar UI patterns and avoid switching up layouts too often. Too many options on one page? That can be overwhelming. Break things down. Keep it focused.

Tips that go a long way:
- Use plain, conversational language
- Break content into bite-size chunks
- Add helper text or examples near form fields
- Use bullet points and clear headers to help users scan
Avoid flashy carousels, blinking elements, or countdown timers that can’t be paused. If a timer is necessary—say for a session timeout—give users a heads-up and a way to extend their time.

Pro move: Offer a simplified or “reading mode” view for content-heavy pages. It can make a big difference in comprehension and comfort. These types of accessible design choices often benefit all users, not just those with cognitive disabilities.

Accessible Design Checklist

Keep this quick-reference checklist close at hand:

▪ Strong color contrast (4.5:1 minimum)

▪ No reliance on color alone for important information

▪ Legible, scalable fonts and adequate spacing

▪ Descriptive alt text for images

▪ Clear, descriptive link text

▪ Proper heading structure (H1–H6)

▪ Keyboard navigable with logical tab order

▪ Captions and transcripts for all multimedia

▪ Accessible media playback controls

▪ Large, spaced interactive elements

▪ Consistent layout and navigation

▪ Plain language instructions

▪ Flexible time limits for tasks and forms

Accessible Design Never Clocks Out

You’re already doing the work—asking better questions, designing more thoughtfully, and looking at your site through more than one lens. That’s what leads to lasting change.

There’s no final destination when it comes to accessible design. But every shift in your design process—every adjustment, every decision made with someone else’s experience in mind—moves the web in the right direction.

And if you ever want backup or a fresh set of eyes, 216digital is here to help. We offer accessibility briefings to give you clarity, confidence, and a plan to move forward.
Greg McNeil

July 24, 2025

How-to Guides

Accessibility, Accessible Design, Graphic Designer, How-to, inclusive desgin, UX, WCAG, Web Accessibility, Web Accessible Design
How to Fit Accessibility Testing Into Your Sprint
Agile development thrives on fast, iterative progress—and that can make accessibility feel like a hurdle rather than a habit. But accessibility testing doesn’t have to slow you down. In fact, when baked into your sprint process from the outset, accessibility becomes a natural part of your workflow—reducing rework, enhancing code quality, and safeguarding your organization from legal risk.

This guide walks through how to integrate accessibility testing into your Agile sprints without sacrificing speed or innovation. With the right approach, inclusive design becomes a team-wide mindset—and a competitive advantage.

Why Accessibility Testing Belongs in the Sprint

Accessibility testing helps ensure your website or app can be used by people of all abilities, including those who rely on screen readers, keyboard navigation, voice recognition, and other assistive technologies.

Leaving accessibility checks until the end of a project—or worse, after launch—often leads to expensive remediation and a poor user experience. Worse, you could face lawsuits for failing to meet standards such as the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) or U.S. laws, including the ADA and Section 508.

Agile teams are already built for continuous improvement. By incorporating accessibility testing into your sprints, you:
- Catch issues earlier when they’re cheaper to fix
- Avoid bottlenecks during QA
- Improve design clarity and usability for everyone
- Demonstrate a commitment to inclusivity and compliance
Let’s break down exactly how to make this work in practice.

Shift Accessibility Left: Early Planning Wins

To integrate accessibility testing into a sprint, it needs to begin before the sprint starts.

1. Include Accessibility in User Stories

Start by writing user stories with accessibility in mind. Instead of:

As a user, I want to submit a form so I can sign up for updates.

Add accessibility context:

As a screen reader user, I want to submit a clearly labeled, keyboard-navigable form so I can sign up for updates.

This keeps accessibility visible to the entire team and sets the tone for inclusive features from day one.

2. Define Acceptance Criteria

Each user story should include accessibility-related acceptance criteria, such as:
- All buttons must be focusable via keyboard.
- Form fields must include visible and programmatically associated labels.
- Error messages must be conveyed visually and via ARIA alerts.
These criteria guide both developers and testers—and reduce ambiguity when it’s time to validate.

Build Accessibility into Design

Accessibility testing is often easier when designs are inclusive from the start.

3. Collaborate with Designers

Designers should use accessible color contrast, readable font sizes, logical tab order, and meaningful icon labels. Review early wireframes and prototypes against WCAG standards—ideally with tools like Stark or Figma plugins for accessibility.

4. Run Design Reviews

Hold accessibility-focused design reviews during planning or refinement. Spotting issues before development starts saves everyone time. Flag problems like insufficient contrast, unclear buttons, or missing focus indicators.

Develop With Accessibility in Mind

Your dev team is the frontline for accessibility. Setting clear expectations and tools helps them move fast without sacrificing inclusion.

5. Use Accessible Components

Encourage developers to use pre-tested accessible components or frameworks. For example, use accessible modal libraries that manage focus trapping and ARIA attributes out of the box.

6. Lint for Accessibility

Incorporate linters like eslint-plugin-jsx-a11y to catch common accessibility mistakes in code. This provides near-instant feedback—right inside the developer’s editor.

7. Write Semantic HTML

Encourage the use of native HTML elements like <button>, <label>, and <nav> over custom divs and spans. These elements carry built-in accessibility benefits and reduce the need for ARIA workarounds.

Make Testing Part of the Flow

Testing for accessibility isn’t a separate track—it’s part of sprint validation, just like functional testing.

8. Automated Accessibility Tests

Automate what you can using tools like WAVE or Lighthouse. These tools catch issues like missing alt text, ARIA misuse, or low contrast—before code merges.

Run them as part of your CI pipeline, so broken accessibility fails the build just like broken code.

Important Note: Automated tests only catch ~30% of WCAG issues. Manual testing is still essential.

9. Manual Testing in Sprint

Manual checks don’t need to wait for final QA. During development or code review:
- Test keyboard-only navigation
- Use a screen reader (like NVDA or VoiceOver) to verify flows
- Check page headings and tab order for clarity
Spread these tasks across the team so it’s not all on QA or accessibility specialists.

Retrospectives: Keep Improving

Agile is all about continuous learning. Use retrospectives to talk about what worked—and what didn’t—with accessibility during the sprint.

Questions to consider:
- Did we include accessibility in all relevant stories?
- Were any accessibility bugs pushed to a future sprint?
- Are our automated tools giving useful results?
Use this feedback to tweak your workflow, tooling, or documentation.

Tips for Getting Started (or Leveling Up)

If you’re new to accessibility testing in sprints, keep it simple and scale up over time. Here’s a roadmap to get started:
1. Pick one or two automated tools to run in dev and CI.
2. Train your team on basic WCAG principles—especially designers and frontend devs.
3. Set clear accessibility goals in your Definition of Done (e.g., no critical issues, passes keyboard navigation).
4. Assign shared responsibility—accessibility isn’t just the QA team’s job.
5. Start tracking accessibility debt just like tech debt. Tackle it bit by bit.
For teams already doing accessibility work, the next step might be:
- Formalizing a test plan
- Adding assistive tech testing
- Bringing in real users with disabilities for feedback
Don’t Bolt It On—Build It In

Too often, accessibility is treated as an afterthought—an item saved for the backlog or a separate “phase.” But that’s a recipe for stress, rework, and risk.

When you incorporate accessibility testing into your sprint cycle, it becomes routine—not reactive. You don’t have to choose between speed and inclusion. You get both.

And the benefits go beyond compliance. You build better products, open your brand to more users, and reduce friction for everyone.

Need Help Fitting Accessibility Into Your Workflow?

At 216digital, we specialize in helping Agile teams bake accessibility into every phase of the sprint cycle. From audits and remediation to training and ongoing support, our team ensures your products are not only compliant—but more usable and inclusive by design.

Ready to build accessibility into your sprint?

Let’s talk. Schedule a consultation today.
Greg McNeil

July 23, 2025

Testing & Remediation

Accessibility, Accessibility Audit, Accessibility Remediation, Accessibility testing, automated testing, Web Accessibility Remediation, Website Accessibility

Structure and Layout: Design for Navigation, Not Just Aesthetics

Image Accessibility: More Than Just Pretty Pictures

Links and Calls to Action: Clear, Clickable, Inclusive

Copywriting and Readability: Make Every Word Count

Multimedia Content: Do Not Skip the Captions

A Pre-Send Accessibility Checklist

Accessibility Is a Long Game, but Every Email Helps

Why AI-Generated Content Creates Accessibility Risks

WCAG Still Applies—No Matter Who (or What) Creates the Content

The AI Accessibility Checklist

For AI-Written Text

For AI-Generated Images and Visuals

For AI-Generated Multimedia

For AI-Generated Layouts, Code, or Documents

Testing Your Output

Building Accessibility Into Your AI Workflow

Accessibility Isn’t Optional—Even with AI

Screen Readers Matter—Just Not Alone

A Wider View of Assistive Technology

Auditory Access

Motor Access

Speech Access

When a “Pass” Still Leaves People Out

Build For Real Use, Not Just Audits

Practical Steps That Respect Assistive Technology

Good Usability Helps Everybody

Tools That Talk, Design That Listens

What Are WCAG “Grey Areas”?

Why Ambiguity Exists—and Why That’s Okay

A Practical Framework for Resolving WCAG Grey Areas

Step 1: Start with the Source

Step 2: Analyze Real User Impact

Step 3: Test with People Who Use AT

Step 4: Phone a Friend (the Right One)

Step 5: Document Your Rationale

Common Examples, Resolved with the Framework

Reflow vs. Data Integrity (SC 1.4.10)

Link Purpose in Card Grids (SC 2.4.4)

Non-Text Contrast on Icon Buttons (SC 1.4.11)

Dark Mode and Motion Preferences

Alt Text in Dashboards

Let Strategy Guide You—Not Guesswork

AI Is Exciting—but Not a Magic Bullet

What AI Accessibility Tools Miss

AI Might Improve—Eventually

Legal Risk: You’re Responsible Today

Accessibility Pays: Beyond Risk Avoidance

How to Act Today—Practical Steps

Looking Ahead

What Are Keyboard Traps?

Who’s Affected (And Why You Should Care)

Where Keyboard Traps Hide

Modals, Popovers, and Dialogs

Forms and Custom Inputs

Media Players

JavaScript-Enhanced Links

Testing for Keyboard Traps

Best Practices for Trap-Safe Code

A Safe Dropdown in Action

Build Trap Prevention into Your Workflow

Focus on What Matters