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  • EDF and IAAP Call Out Accessibility Overlays

    You’ve probably seen accessibility overlays advertised as a quick and easy way to make websites compliant with accessibility laws. Companies promoting these tools claim they can fix accessibility issues with just a few lines of code, no major effort required. Sounds great, right?

    Not so fast.

    Leading accessibility organizations, including the European Disability Forum (EDF) and the International Association of Accessibility Professionals (IAAP), strongly disagree. In fact, they’ve openly criticized these tools, pointing out that overlays not only fail to meet accessibility standards but can actually make websites harder to use for people with disabilities.

    If you’re a website owner, this is something you need to know—because relying on an overlay could be doing more harm than good. Let’s break down why EDF and IAAP are speaking out, the biggest issues with overlays, and what you should be doing instead.

    What Are Accessibility Overlays?

    Accessibility overlays are automated software tools designed to modify a website’s appearance and functionality in an attempt to improve accessibility. They might add features like screen reader support, color contrast adjustments, or keyboard navigation enhancements—all without requiring direct changes to the website’s underlying code.

    Sounds convenient, but here’s the catch: overlays don’t actually fix accessibility issues. They just try to patch over them.

    Many companies claim their overlays help websites comply with Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG), the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), and the European Accessibility Act (EAA). But accessibility experts, as well as actual users with disabilities, say otherwise.

    Why Are EDF and IAAP Against Accessibility Overlays?

    EDF and IAAP have outlined several major concerns about accessibility overlays. Their stance isn’t just theoretical—it’s backed by research, real-world testing, and feedback from people who rely on assistive technologies. Here’s what they found:

    1. Overlays Don’t Actually Fix Accessibility Issues

    Accessibility isn’t just about how a site looks—it’s about how it functions. Many accessibility issues, such as missing form labels, poorly structured headings, and inaccessible interactive elements, cannot be fixed by an overlay. These require changes to the website’s actual code.

    An overlay might tweak things on the surface, but under the hood, the same barriers remain.

    2. Accessibility Overlays Can Interfere with Assistive Technologies

    People who rely on screen readers, voice control software, or switch devices often report that overlays make their experience worse. Instead of improving accessibility, overlays can clash with assistive technologies, leading to confusing and frustrating experiences.

    Imagine trying to navigate a site with a screen reader, only to have an overlay forcing adjustments you didn’t ask for or use their screen reader instead. That’s the reality for many users.

    3. Overlays Create a False Sense of Compliance

    One of the most dangerous aspects of overlays is the illusion of accessibility they create. A business might think they’ve “checked the box” just by installing an overlay, but in reality, they could still be violating accessibility laws.

    This false security can leave companies vulnerable to legal action—and even worse, it fails to make websites truly accessible.

    4. Businesses Using Overlays Still Get Sued

    Think an overlay will protect you from lawsuits? Think again.

    In 2024, over 1,000 businesses that utilized overlays faced accessibility lawsuits according to Useablnet’s 2024 End of the Year Report. Courts have consistently ruled that overlays don’t meet legal requirements under the ADA and other accessibility laws. In some cases, overlays have even been used as evidence that a company ignored real accessibility fixes.

    5. Users with Disabilities Strongly Oppose Accessibility Overlays

    The people who actually rely on accessible websites have spoken: they don’t like overlays.

    Advocates and individuals with disabilities have repeatedly criticized overlays for making web browsing harder, not easier. Instead of solving accessibility challenges, overlays often introduce new problems, disrupting the way users navigate and interact with content.

    A New York Times article, For Blind Internet Users, the Fix Can Be Worse Than the Flaws, highlights just how frustrating overlays can be. As Mr. Perdue, a blind user, put it: “I’ve not yet found a single one that makes my life better. I spend more time working around these overlays than I actually do navigating the website.”

    When the very tools meant to help people with disabilities end up making their experience worse, it’s clear that overlays are not the solution.

    6. Overlays Can Introduce New Barriers

    Rather than eliminating accessibility issues, overlays often create more obstacles.

    Some force unwanted settings on users, preventing them from using their own assistive technology configurations. Others introduce navigation loops, trapping users on certain pages or making it impossible to interact with important website elements.

    If an accessibility “fix” creates more accessibility problems, is it really a fix at all?

    What Should Website Owners Do Instead?

    If accessibility overlays aren’t the answer, what is? The good news is that true accessibility is achievable—and it starts with the right approach.

    1. Conduct a Proper Accessibility Audit

    Before making changes, you need to know what’s broken.

    An accessibility audit helps identify barriers on your site by testing against WCAG standards. The best audits combine automated scans with manual testing, including feedback from users with disabilities.

    2. Fix Accessibility Issues at the Code Level

    The only way to ensure true accessibility is to build it into the foundation of your website. This means:

    • Using semantic HTML for a clear page structure
    • Ensuring all interactive elements are keyboard-accessible
    • Providing text alternatives for images, videos, and other non-text content
    • Implementing ARIA attributes where needed for better screen reader support

    3. Involve Users with Disabilities in Testing

    Want to make sure your site is actually accessible? Ask the people who need it most.

    Incorporating real-world feedback from users with disabilities during usability testing helps uncover issues that automated tools might miss.

    4. Train Your Team on Accessibility Best Practices

    Accessibility isn’t just a one-time fix—it’s an ongoing commitment.

    Educating your developers, designers, and content creators about accessibility best practices ensures that your website remains accessible long-term.

    5. Monitor and Maintain Accessibility Over Time

    Websites change all the time—so does accessibility.

    Regular testing, monitoring, and updates are key to keeping your site accessible. Tools like a11y.Radar can help businesses track and maintain compliance as their website evolves.

    Conclusion

    EDF and IAAP have made one thing clear: accessibility overlays are not the answer.

    They don’t fix real accessibility issues, they interfere with assistive technologies, and they create a false sense of security that leaves businesses exposed to legal risk. Worse, they fail the very people they’re supposed to help.

    So, what’s the better approach? Real, lasting accessibility.

    That means conducting audits, making code-level fixes, listening to users with disabilities, and maintaining accessibility over time. Not only is this the right thing to do, but it’s also the best way to protect your business from legal trouble and create an inclusive digital experience.

    You don’t have to do it alone. 216digital can help you navigate accessibility the right way—with real solutions that work. Schedule an ADA Briefing today and take the first step toward a truly accessible website.

    Greg McNeil

    February 26, 2025
    Legal Compliance
    Accessibility, accessibility overlays, Legal compliance, Overlay widgets, Overlays, Web Accessibility

  • How BITV 2.0 Impacts Public Websites in Germany

    If you build or manage websites, you might have heard about accessibility rules in different countries. One of the key regulations in Germany is called BITV 2.0. It helps ensure that public websites and mobile apps are usable by everyone, including people with disabilities. Website owners and content creators in the United States might wonder why they should care about German law. The truth is that many organizations have a global audience, and they often serve users in Germany, too. That’s why it’s helpful to understand BITV 2.0 and how it might affect your online presence.

    What Is BITV 2.0?

    BITV stands for Barrierefreie-Informationstechnik-Verordnung. This is Germany’s legal framework for accessible information technology. BITV 2.0 sets specific standards that public websites and mobile apps need to follow. Germany wants to remove barriers that keep people with disabilities from thoroughly enjoying online services. That includes everything from reading digital documents to completing forms.

    When we talk about BITV 2.0, we’re focusing on the revised version of the original BITV rules, introduced to reflect changes in international standards.

    Who Does BITV 2.0 Affect?

    BITV 2.0 applies mainly to public-sector organizations in Germany. That includes federal ministries, public institutions, and some agencies linked to government services. It also covers websites and mobile applications that these groups manage. If your business or organization has a European branch, it’s wise to check whether any part of your web presence is considered “public sector” in Germany. Even if your team operates mainly from the United States, you might work with German partners or serve government clients in Germany. In that case, you could fall under BITV 2.0 guidelines.

    Key Requirements and Technical Standards

    The heart of BITV 2.0 lies in its alignment with the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG). WCAG is an international set of recommendations for making web content more accessible. It focuses on four core principles:

    1. Perceivable – Users should be able to see or hear the content in some form.
    2. Operable – All users should be able to operate the interface, including those who use keyboards or assistive devices.
    3. Understandable – Information should be clear, and the design should not confuse or overwhelm people.
    4. Robust – Websites should work with a wide range of technologies, including screen readers and other assistive tools.

    BITV 2.0 directs public websites to follow WCAG 2.1 up to level AA. That means your site should offer features like proper color contrast, text alternatives for images, and reliable keyboard navigation. The rules also require documents to be accessible. This can include PDFs that have a logical reading order and forms that let users tab through fields in a sensible way.

    Another important reference is the European Standard EN 301 549. This covers requirements for digital accessibility in Europe. BITV 2.0 makes use of this standard, which lines up with WCAG 2.1 and addresses many aspects of web and software accessibility.

    Key Updates in BITV 2.0

    The updated version of BITV introduced new responsibilities. These updates encourage website owners to provide an accessibility statement on their websites. An accessibility statement shows users the level of compliance and explains any known accessibility issues. It also explains how users can contact the website owner if they face barriers.

    BITV 2.0 expands rules to cover public mobile apps. Many people do daily tasks through apps, such as booking appointments or paying fees. Now, these apps must meet the same standards as websites. This is more pressing for government agencies that deliver digital services in app form.

    Steps to Achieve Compliance

    Achieving compliance with BITV 2.0 starts with learning where your site or app stands. It’s good to begin with an accessibility audit. This audit checks for issues that might stop someone from using your website or app comfortably. You can then prioritize fixes based on how serious each issue is.

    Here are some steps that can guide your process:

    Review Your Current Content

    Test your website for keyboard navigability. Use tools that check color contrast and other visual aspects. Make sure images have meaningful alt text. If you have videos, consider providing captions. This first pass can reveal some of the more obvious problems.

    Check Your PDF and Other Documents

    Many public websites host PDFs and Word files. These documents need to be readable by screen readers. Check for a correct reading order, and ensure form fields are labeled. This helps people who rely on assistive technology.

    Look at Your Mobile Apps

    If you provide a mobile app to serve users, apply similar checks there. This includes ensuring that buttons have clear labels and that each screen is easy to navigate using voice commands or a screen reader.

    Provide an Accessibility Statement

    BITV 2.0 requires that public websites and apps offer a clear statement about their accessibility status. Include contact details for users who need more help or want to report a barrier. Keep this statement updated as you fix any problems.

    Train Your Team

    Compliance is easier when everyone on your team knows how to create accessible content. Encourage developers, designers, and content creators to learn WCAG 2.1 guidelines. That can be done through online courses or official training programs.

    Stay Informed

    Rules and technology change over time. Keeping an eye on updates to WCAG and the European standards helps you remain prepared for any changes in BITV 2.0.

    Why Should US-Based Website Owners Care?

    You might think that a German ordinance doesn’t affect you if your organization is based in the United States. In a global digital world, you never know when a user from Germany will need your service. Some US-based companies also maintain offices in Europe or partner with German government agencies. In those situations, accessibility under BITV 2.0 becomes a core concern.

    Even if you don’t serve a German public sector audience, improving accessibility is a worthy goal. It makes your site easier for everyone to use. It also fits with good user experience practices. Following BITV 2.0 can raise the bar on the overall quality of your site or app.

    Practical Tips for Getting Started

    • Use Automated Tools: Automated scanners can find basic issues fast. They’re not perfect, but they give you a starting point.
    • Set Up User Testing: Invite users with different abilities to test your site. Their experiences can show you issues that software alone might miss.
    • Make Small Changes First: Fixing alt tags on images or improving color contrast is often simple. These quick wins boost morale and help you build momentum.
    • Gather Feedback: Provide a way for visitors to report problems. This keeps you aware of issues and shows that you care about making improvements.

    Moving Forward With BITV 2.0

    BITV 2.0 is about making digital spaces open to everyone in Germany. It’s a structured set of rules that public websites and apps need to follow. If you’re in the United States, you might not think it applies to you at first. But in today’s world, web services cross borders. If your site or app is used by people in Germany, the requirements of BITV 2.0 matter.

    Meeting these standards can feel complex, especially for teams new to accessibility guidelines. The good news is that there are many tools, checklists, and training programs that can guide you. By taking small steps, you’ll move closer to compliance and also create a better experience for all users. Once you understand BITV 2.0 and put it into practice, you’ll be ready to serve a broader audience in Germany—and beyond.

    BITV 2.0: Compliance Without Borders

    BITV 2.0 sets the legal framework for online accessibility in Germany. It focuses on ensuring websites and mobile apps can be used by everyone, including those with disabilities. The law affects public-sector entities, but private organizations with ties to Germany may also need to follow these guidelines. Compliance involves following WCAG 2.1 standards, providing an accessibility statement, and keeping up to date with evolving requirements. If you’re a website owner or content creator in the United States, it makes sense to keep these rules in mind, especially if your reach extends into Germany. Over time, you’ll see that adopting BITV 2.0 guidelines benefits your audience and helps you maintain a user-friendly and accessible online presence.

    Navigating accessibility regulations like BITV 2.0 can be complex, but you don’t have to do it alone. Schedule an ADA briefing with 216digital to discuss your accessibility needs and ensure your website meets international compliance standards. Use the contact form at the bottom of the page to get started today!

    Greg McNeil

    February 25, 2025
    Legal Compliance
    Accessibility, BITV 2.0, Legal compliance, WCAG, WCAG Compliance, Website Accessibility

  • Why Should Websites Prioritize Multimedia Accessibility?

    Today, video and audio have become essential ways to share information. In fact, the average person now watches about 84 minutes of online video each day, and that number continues to grow. Podcasts, livestreams, and short clips fill our feeds, but there’s a critical point many content creators overlook: not everyone experiences multimedia in the same way. For individuals without access to captions, transcripts, or other multimedia accessibility features, valuable information can slip through the cracks.

    Research from Johns Hopkins University shows that 1 in 5 people live with hearing loss that affects everyday communication. Add that to the 21 million with visual impairments and the 65.6 million with learning or attention-related conditions, and you have over 130 million Americans who might struggle with typical video and audio formats. Below, we’ll explore why it’s so important to make your multimedia accessible and share some key steps for doing it right.

    Video and Audio Accessibility

    Multimedia accessibility means designing video and audio content so people with hearing, visual, or cognitive challenges can fully engage. Often, this involves retrofitting existing videos or podcasts to align with guidelines such as the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG). These guidelines outline how to make digital media easy to perceive, operate, and understand for everyone.

    People can encounter many barriers online. Someone who is Deaf or hard of hearing won’t know what’s being said without captions, and a person with low vision may have trouble following on-screen text without audio description. Even individuals with learning differences might find it tough to keep up if the video moves too fast. By addressing these issues, you create a better experience for everyone—whether they have a disability or simply prefer a different way of engaging with content.

    Why Remediating Multimedia Is Essential

    Inclusive User Experience

    Making your videos and audio clips accessible ensures you’re not leaving anyone behind. Features like captions, transcripts, and audio descriptions help people with disabilities, but they also benefit those watching in a noisy coffee shop, people who learn best through reading, or anyone who wants to watch without turning up the volume. Accessibility features often help more users than you’d expect, much like how ramps and elevators benefit parents with strollers and travelers with luggage, not just individuals who use wheelchairs.

    Legal Compliance & Risk Mitigation

    In the United States, laws such as the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and Section 508 require accessible digital content in many situations. Failing to meet these requirements can lead to lawsuits, financial penalties, and damage to your brand’s reputation. It’s far safer—and more ethical—to be proactive about multimedia accessibility rather than risk legal problems down the road.

    SEO and Discoverability

    Making your multimedia content accessible also helps search engines like Google understand what’s in your videos and audio. That’s because search engines can’t watch a video or listen to a podcast the same way humans do—but they can read text. When you add captions, transcripts, and descriptive metadata, your content becomes easier to index, which can boost your search rankings and bring more people to your website.

    Key Multimedia Accessibility Techniques

    Captions and Subtitles

    Captions display the spoken words, plus important sounds (like music or a door slamming) on screen. They can be closed (user can turn them on or off) or open (always displayed). Effective captions must be accurate, in sync with the audio, and easy to read. This is crucial for people who are Deaf or hard of hearing, but it also helps viewers in noisy surroundings or those who find text easier to follow.

    Transcripts

    Transcripts are full text versions of everything said and heard in a video or audio file. They should include key sound effects or music cues as well. Transcripts are especially helpful for people with hearing loss or attention difficulties, but they’re also a big plus for your search engine optimization because they offer a text-based format that Google can index.

    Audio Descriptions

    For viewers with visual impairments, audio descriptions explain important visuals that aren’t covered by dialogue—like a shift in setting or a character’s facial expression. Ideally, these descriptions are inserted during natural pauses in the speech so they don’t interrupt the flow of the content.

    Using an Accessible Video Player

    Even well-captioned videos aren’t truly accessible if the video player itself is hard to navigate. Look for a player that supports keyboard navigation, screen readers, adjustable playback speeds, and independent volume controls for different audio elements.

    Planning Multimedia Accessibility from the Start

    While it’s possible to add accessibility features to existing media, it’s much easier (and less time-consuming) to plan these features from the beginning. Choose platforms that support captions, transcripts, and audio descriptions, and be sure to test your content with real users who rely on assistive technologies.

    Conclusion

    Making your videos and audio content accessible is about ensuring no one is left out. It’s not just good ethics or a legal must-have—it also boosts your SEO, widens your audience, and enhances user satisfaction. By adding captions, transcripts, audio descriptions, and user-friendly video players, you’re creating content that welcomes everyone.

    If you’re ready to take the next step, 216digital can help you make your website’s multimedia content truly inclusive. Contact us today to learn how. Multimedia accessibility is more than just checking a box—it’s about respecting your audience and future-proofing your brand in an increasingly diverse digital world.

    Greg McNeil

    February 24, 2025
    WCAG Compliance
    Accessibility, videos and audio content, WCAG Compliance, Website Accessibility

  • Can Fixing Accessibility Issues Void an ADA Lawsuit?

    The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) is a law designed to protect people with disabilities. It requires both physical and digital spaces to be accessible to everyone. When we talk about a website, accessibility issues might include problems like small text, missing captions for videos, or code that screen readers can’t understand. Fixing these barriers can make a big difference for people with vision, hearing, or other disabilities.

    But what happens when you’re sued for accessibility and then fix the barriers? Can you end the lawsuit just by correcting the problem? In some cases, if a legal dispute is settled or the main issue is resolved, the courts call it “moot.” A moot case is one where the concern is gone, and there’s nothing left to argue about. So, does fixing your accessibility issues automatically make the lawsuit moot and make the case go away?

    What Does “Moot” Mean in ADA Lawsuits?

    When a case is “moot,” it means the issue at the center of the dispute is fully resolved. There’s nothing more for the court to settle. Courts don’t spend time on moot cases because their job is to address real, ongoing problems. If a problem is completely gone, there’s no need to step in.

    How This Applies to ADA Lawsuits

    Many ADA lawsuits, particularly those concerning website accessibility issues, don’t always focus on money. Instead, they often request that a business fix the problem. If the business does correct its accessibility barriers, it can argue that the lawsuit should be dismissed because there’s truly nothing left to contest.

    However, making a handful of fixes doesn’t mean the court will deem it moot. Sometimes, the court still proceeds with litigation if it remains uncertain the corrections will hold in the long term or if the modifications are incomplete. The key point is that all accessibility issues must be resolved in a lasting way, so people with disabilities won’t ever encounter the same barriers again.

    What Factors Decide If a Case Is Moot?

    When You Fix the Problem Matters

    It’s much better to address accessibility issues before anyone files a lawsuit. If the problems no longer exist prior to litigation, there’s often no case in the first place. But if you wait until after someone sues, judges are more likely to scrutinize your fixes. They might allow the case to continue if they suspect the changes were rushed or not comprehensive.

    Proof That the Fix Is Permanent

    Courts want reassurance that the barriers won’t return. If your website is only partially fixed or if the fixes might break with the next update, the judge may not see the case as moot. To prove your commitment, demonstrate that your solutions are solid, tested, and built to last.

    Ongoing Accessibility Efforts Matter

    Judges look for signs you plan to remain accessible in the long run. A budget for accessibility, routine audits, and proper training show the court you’re taking this seriously. If you can prove you’re actively preventing new barriers, your argument to dismiss the lawsuit will be stronger.

    Does Fixing Accessibility Issues Make the Lawsuit Go Away?

    Short Answer: Not Always

    It may seem logical that correcting your site’s accessibility issues would end the legal fight, but lawsuits can persist even after changes are made. Here’s why:

    • Attorneys’ Fees and Costs: Plaintiffs often request attorney fees under federal law, which allows the prevailing party to recover these costs. Even if you fix the problem, the plaintiff might claim they deserve compensation for time and resources spent filing the lawsuit.
    • Compliance Verification: The court or plaintiff may want proof that your website remains compliant long term. This can involve audits, monitoring, or reporting requirements.
    • Bad Faith Litigation: Certain “serial litigants” file multiple lawsuits seeking quick settlements. Even after you fix the issues, these litigants could still pursue a settlement or legal fees.

    When Could the Case Be Dismissed?

    A court may dismiss a case if it’s truly moot, which typically requires showing a solid commitment to ongoing compliance. For instance, if you’ve:

    • Hired an accessibility consultant to thoroughly audit your site.
    • Corrected all the reported issues.
    • Adopted a formal accessibility policy.
    • Implemented regular testing and maintenance to keep your site accessible.

    If you can persuade the court there’s virtually no chance the same accessibility barriers will return, the lawsuit might indeed be dismissed as moot. However, the burden is usually on you to prove you’ve made genuine, lasting efforts.

    Why Proving Mootness Can Be Hard

    Unlike a physical location, a website is constantly updated. New products, images, or code can introduce fresh accessibility hurdles if you’re not careful. Because websites are so fluid, it’s tough to prove that issues won’t resurface. Courts remain cautious about calling a case moot if they believe the next update could create the same barriers again.

    The Business Bears the Burden of Proof

    It’s up to the business to convince the court that the barriers won’t come back. If the court isn’t entirely convinced, the lawsuit can stay active. This creates challenges for many companies because ongoing accessibility requires constant attention. Even minor overlooked glitches can affect people with disabilities—and put you back on the legal radar.


    Real Lawsuits: When Mootness Worked (and When It Didn’t)

    Diaz v. Kroger

    In Diaz v. Kroger, the lawsuit claimed Kroger’s website was inaccessible to individuals with disabilities. Kroger responded by upgrading the site to meet the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG), widely regarded as the leading standard for web accessibility. They also established clear policies to maintain compliance. Since Kroger provided convincing evidence that the issues were fixed and unlikely to return, the court dismissed the case as moot.

    Haynes v. Hooters

    In contrast, Haynes v. Hooters went differently. Hooters made some modifications to address accessibility but couldn’t show that the site was fully accessible. They also lacked a clear plan to keep it accessible going forward. Because the fixes were incomplete and the long-term strategy was unclear, the case was not found moot. Hooters remained in legal hot water, even after implementing certain improvements.

    What Businesses Should Do to Avoid Lawsuits

    Stay Ahead of the Game with Accessibility Audits

    One of the most effective ways to avoid ADA lawsuits is by preventing barriers before they arise. Regular audits—for both your website and physical location—can help you catch accessibility issues early. These checks might cover screen reader compatibility, video captions, and easy navigation for keyboard-only users. Identifying these issues early lets you fix them before a lawsuit ever appears.

    Develop an Accessibility Plan

    A strong accessibility plan signals to courts (and customers) that you take the ADA seriously. This plan should include:

    • Clear Accessibility Policies: Document your commitment to making your website and business accessible.
    • A Real Budget for Improvements: Allocate funds for accessibility updates and necessary technology.
    • Scheduled Audits and Training: Conduct regular reviews and train your team to maintain accessibility every day.

    Document Everything

    Keep thorough records of what you’ve corrected, when you did it, and how you’re preventing new accessibility issues. Detailed documentation can be invaluable in court if you need to prove your compliance efforts. It also streamlines your updates and helps you catch minor errors before they become major problems.

    Team Up with 216digital to Stay ADA-Compliant

    Catching accessibility barriers early is the best way to avoid costly legal disputes and ensure all users feel welcome on your site. It also helps you steer clear of lawsuits that might not vanish just because you made a few changes.

    At 216digital, we understand how overwhelming it can be to keep pace with ADA regulations and website maintenance. That’s why we specialize in accessibility audits, risk mitigation, and compliance solutions. We believe in taking proactive steps so you’re not left scrambling after a lawsuit arrives.

    Instead of waiting to see if your site might face an ADA lawsuit, schedule a free ADA briefing today  to evaluate your site’s compliance. With the right measures, you can demonstrate to your customers—and the courts—that you’re genuinely committed to removing accessibility barriers and keeping your online presence open to all.

    Catching accessibility issues early is the best way to stay out of legal trouble and create a welcoming experience for all your visitors. It also helps you avoid the stress and cost of a lawsuit that might not go away just because you made a few changes.

    Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. If you have specific legal questions about your situation, consult with an attorney who specializes in ADA and accessibility matters.

    Greg McNeil

    February 21, 2025
    Legal Compliance
    Accessibility, ADA Compliance, ADA Lawsuit, ADA Lawsuits, Moot, Website Accessibility

  • WCAG Basics: “Change of Context” or “Change of Content”

    Have you ever clicked on a text field and suddenly found yourself whisked away to a new page without warning? Or maybe you saw a form error message pop up out of nowhere, but your cursor stayed right where it was? These two situations hint at the difference between a “change of context” and a “change of content.”

    If you’re trying to make your website accessible, it’s important to know which is which because the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) treat them very differently. In this post, we’ll explore both terms, share some real-life examples, and give you tips on how to keep your site friendly and easy to use. By the end, you’ll have a stronger grasp of WCAG best practices and the confidence to apply them to your site.

    Why These Terms Matter

    People who rely on screen readers or keyboard navigation often can’t see or skim an entire page at once. Sudden or unexpected changes—like being redirected to a new tab—can be disorienting for them. That’s why WCAG sets clear rules to help you avoid making people feel lost.

    However, understanding “change of context” and “change of content” also helps with other accessibility concepts. For example, clarifying how your content updates ties right in with “Alternative for Time-based Media” or “Media Alternative for Text“—two other areas covered under WCAG. The more you know about these related topics, the better your site will serve all kinds of users.

    “Change of Context” in Plain Terms

    A “change of context” is a big shift in what a user sees or how they interact with the page. Under WCAG, it can include:

    • Opening a new window or tab without telling the user.
    • Moving the focus to another section of the page unexpectedly.
    • Redesigning the layout in a way that confuses users.

    For example, imagine you click into a text field, and suddenly, your screen shifts to another form altogether. That’s a huge jump! WCAG 3.2.1 (On Focus) says you shouldn’t trigger this kind of shift just because the user’s focus landed on an element. If the user ends up somewhere new, or a new window appears without their Input, you’re dealing with a “change of context.”

    “Change of Content” in Action

    Now, let’s say you click a menu button, and the menu expands without moving your cursor or launching a new page. That’s a “change of content.” You’re still in the same place—you can just see more information. This kind of change is usually okay as long as it doesn’t confuse or mislead.

    WCAG makes the point that not every content update equals a context change. You can display a tooltip, expand a dropdown, or show an inline error message without violating rules. As an example, if you’re filtering products on an eCommerce site and the list of items refreshes while your focus stays put, you’re likely good to go. The user expects new content to appear, so it’s not disorienting.

    When It Becomes an Accessibility Issue

    Mixing up these concepts can cause problems for people who rely on assistive technologies. For instance, if your site changes context every time someone selects a checkbox, they might lose track of where they were. WCAG 3.2.2 (On Input) warns against automatically triggering a big context shift unless you clearly warn the user or let them choose when it happens.

    At higher levels of WCAG (like AAA), 3.2.5 (Change on Request) says that major shifts should happen only when the user deliberately starts them—or they should be easy to dismiss. That means you can’t force a pop-up window to stay on screen with no way to close it. People need control over how they explore your site.

    Status Messages and Alerts

    Some sites show status messages—like “Item added to your cart”—that don’t move focus but do tell assistive tech users what’s happening. That’s allowed under WCAG 4.1.3 (Status Messages) because the screen reader can announce the alert without taking the user away from what they were doing.

    Things get trickier when an alert moves focus to itself. Sometimes, that’s necessary (say, with a big error), and if the user’s action triggers it, it can still meet WCAG standards. But if your site automatically shifts focus to a timeout warning with no user action, that can become a disorienting change of context—especially at the AAA level of WCAG compliance.

    Tips for Making It Work

    Keep People Where They Are

    Unless there’s a solid reason for moving focus or opening a new page, don’t do it. A small update to the same page is usually a “change of content,” which is less disruptive.

    Give Users a Heads-Up

    If you need to make a “change of context,” warn the user first. For example, say, “Selecting this option opens a new window.” This aligns with WCAG recommendations, especially 3.2.2.

    Test with Assistive Tech

    The best way to find out if your site is user-friendly is to try it with screen readers, keyboard-only navigation, or other assistive tools. You’ll quickly spot if something is shifting unexpectedly.

    Use ARIA Properly

    If you have alerts or status messages, use ARIA roles like role= “alert” or aria-live so screen readers can announce them without moving focus. This follows WCAG 4.1.3 guidelines for status updates.

    Think About Your Audience

    Some changes of context, like a security timeout, might be needed. Just remember to give the user control whenever possible.

    Wrapping It Up

    Understanding when something is a “change of context” rather than just a “change of content” is a big part of complying with WCAG. When you keep these definitions clear, you’ll avoid creating barriers that leave users confused and frustrated. It also ties back to important concepts like “Alternative for Time-based Media” and “Media Alternative for Text,” which help make websites more inclusive overall.

    Remember, WCAG doesn’t just set rules—it helps us create better experiences for everyone. If you need extra guidance, 216digital is here to help. We can perform an Accessibility Audit to see where your site stands, offer advice on meeting WCAG success criteria like 3.2.1, 3.2.2, 3.2.5, and 4.1.3, and suggest ways to make your site easier for all. 

    Ready to get started? Schedule a consultation with 216digital today and make sure you’re on the path to a more inclusive, user-friendly website!

    Greg McNeil

    February 20, 2025
    WCAG Compliance
    Accessibility, WCAG, WCAG Compliance, WCAG conformance, Web Accessibility, Website Accessibility

  • AI-Driven Accessibility: Hype vs. Reality

    AI is everywhere—powering self-driving cars, filtering spam emails, and even generating images out of thin air. Naturally, it has found its way into web accessibility, promising to make websites easier to navigate for people with disabilities.

    At first glance, AI-driven accessibility seems like a game-changer. A tool that scans a website, detects issues, and applies fixes in real-time—no costly audits, no manual updates. The promise is enticing: instant compliance, a better user experience, and minimal effort. For businesses seeking a quick fix, it sounds like the perfect solution.

    But is it really that simple, or is it just hype?

    The Hype of AI-Driven Accessibility

    AI accessibility solutions are marketed as a fast and effortless way to make websites compliant with accessibility laws and more user-friendly for people with disabilities. These tools use machine learning and automation to scan websites for accessibility issues, detect missing alt text, adjust contrast, and improve keyboard navigation. The idea is that AI can take the burden off businesses, making accessibility seamless and automatic.

    Companies selling AI accessibility promise a range of benefits:

    • Instant fixes for common accessibility issues like alt text, contrast adjustments, and heading structure corrections.
    • Enhanced user experience, with real-time captions, AI-generated image descriptions, and improved navigation.
    • Time and cost savings, reducing the need for expensive audits and manual accessibility updates.

    Some AI tools even claim to predict user needs and adjust websites dynamically, removing barriers before they become a problem. The pitch is simple: AI makes accessibility compliance quick, cost-effective, and easy.

    But can it actually deliver?

    The Reality: Limitations and Challenges

    AI-driven accessibility tools aren’t the magic solution they claim to be. In many cases, they fail to address deeper accessibility issues and even create new barriers. Here’s why:

    1. AI-driven Accessibility is Superficial

    While AI can generate alt text, it often provides vague or inaccurate descriptions. A picture of a service dog might be labeled as “dog” with no context, leaving a blind user without crucial details. Infographics and charts? AI struggles with those too, often giving meaningless labels instead of useful explanations.

    Automated contrast adjustments and heading restructuring may technically meet compliance guidelines, but that doesn’t mean they work in real-world use. These fixes can break website layouts, confuse users, and sometimes even make navigation worse rather than better.

    2. AI Can Introduce New Barriers

    AI tools often interfere with how people with disabilities already navigate the web. Screen reader users, for example, may encounter misplaced labels, incorrect headings, or navigation menus that suddenly stop working. Some AI tools even override user settings, blocking assistive technology that people rely on.

    Overlays—those AI-powered add-ons that promise “instant accessibility”—are particularly notorious for making things worse. Instead of removing barriers, they often add unnecessary complexity, frustrating users rather than helping them.

    3. AI-driven Accessibility Misses Barriers

    Studies show that AI can only detect 20-30% of accessibility barriers, meaning that websites relying solely on AI remain 70-80% inaccessible. Many critical accessibility issues require human judgment and testing—something AI simply cannot replicate.

    At 216digital, we have seen a sharp rise in lawsuits targeting screen reader-related issues that AI fails to detect. These include missing ARIA labels, poor keyboard navigation, and dynamic elements that don’t update correctly for assistive technology users. Businesses that trust AI for compliance often realize too late that their sites remain inaccessible and legally vulnerable.

    4. False Sense of Compliance

    Many businesses assume that adding an AI overlay or accessibility widget makes their website compliant with the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). But compliance is about actual usability—not just ticking a box.

    In 2024 alone, 1,023 companies using AI overlays were sued for accessibility violations according to Useablnet’s 2024 End of the Year Report. The reality is that these tools do not make a site fully accessible; they often only mask deeper issues. Lawsuits and regulatory actions continue to prove that true accessibility requires meaningful fixes, not just automated patches.

    Case Studies and Real-World Examples

    Many companies have learned the hard way that AI-driven accessibility doesn’t work.

    1. The Failure of AI-driven Accessibility

    One of the biggest offenders? accessiBe—an AI overlay that promises instant accessibility. Thousands of users with disabilities have reported that it makes websites harder to use, not easier. These overlays don’t fix the real problems; they just add a layer of automated code that interferes with assistive technology.

    2. Frustrated Users Speak Out

    A New York Times article, For Blind Internet Users, the Fix Can Be Worse Than the Flaws, highlighted how AI-driven overlays create more frustration than solutions. Blind advocate Mr. Perdue put it plainly: “I’ve not yet found a single one that makes my life better. I spend more time working around these overlays than I actually do navigating the website.”

    This isn’t just one person’s experience—over 862 accessibility advocates and developers have signed an open letter urging businesses to stop using these flawed AI solutions. Even the National Federation of the Blind has condemned AI-driven accessibility tools, calling them inadequate and ineffective.

    3. The Legal Consequences

    If the ethical concerns don’t scare businesses away, the lawsuits should. In 2024 alone, 1,023 companies were sued for relying on AI-driven overlays instead of making genuine accessibility improvements.

    Recently, major compliance agreements have begun explicitly stating that AI-driven overlays do not meet accessibility standards. Companies using tools like AudioEye, accessiBe, and Accessibility Spark are at higher risk of lawsuits than those making real accessibility changes.

    The Necessity of Human Oversight

    If AI isn’t the solution, what is? People.

    1. Accessibility Experts Know What AI Doesn’t

    Human experts understand accessibility in a way AI never will. They know how people actually use websites, what works, and what doesn’t. They can ensure websites are genuinely accessible—not just compliant on paper.

    2. AI and Humans Can Work Together

    AI isn’t completely useless, but it needs to be used as a tool, not a crutch. Real people need to review, test, and implement fixes.

    3. Accessibility is an Ongoing Process

    Web accessibility isn’t something you fix once and forget. It requires regular monitoring and updates. That’s where a11y.Radar from 216digital comes in—it provides continuous accessibility monitoring to keep websites truly usable for everyone.

    The Future of AI-driven Accessibility

    AI is improving, but it’s nowhere near ready to handle accessibility on its own. Moving forward, we need:

    • Better AI training that includes input from people with disabilities.
    • Stronger regulations to ensure AI tools don’t create new barriers.
    • More user involvement so that AI tools are built with real-world accessibility needs in mind.

    Conclusion

    AI-driven accessibility tools might sound appealing, but they’re not the answer. Automated solutions—especially overlays—often create more problems than they solve. If businesses truly care about accessibility, they need to invest in real solutions that actually work.

    The bottom line? AI can assist, but human expertise is irreplaceable.

    Want accessibility done right? Schedule an ADA briefing with 216digital today and get a roadmap to real, lasting accessibility.

    Greg McNeil

    February 19, 2025
    WCAG Compliance
    Accessibility, Ai and Overlay Widgets, AI-driven accessibility, Overlay, Website Accessibility

  • ADA Lawyer vs. Business Attorney: What’s the Difference?

    Have you ever tried to use a website that felt impossible to read or navigate? People with disabilities often face these problems every day. That’s why ADA compliance is so important for businesses that run websites or mobile apps. More and more people are taking legal action when sites are not accessible. As these lawsuits rise, it’s vital to understand your legal duty to make your website accessible.

    In many of these cases, an ADA lawyer steps in to help. An ADA lawyer is a legal professional who knows all about ADA compliance and how to fix accessibility issues in digital spaces. You may not always need to hire a lawyer, but there are certain times when having one is crucial. This article will explain when you might need an ADA lawyer, along with simple steps to help your site stay accessible and avoid legal trouble.

    The Americans with Disabilities Act: An Overview

    The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) became law in 1990. Its main goal is to remove barriers that prevent people with disabilities from fully taking part in everyday life.

    Title III is most important for websites because the Department of Justice (DOJ) says that websites and mobile apps count as “public accommodations.” This means your business must keep its website accessible to avoid breaking the law. Following ADA compliance here is not just a nice thing to do—it’s legally required.

    The Risks of Non-Compliance

    Not meeting ADA compliance can have serious legal and financial effects on your business. Lawsuits related to digital accessibility have been on the rise, hitting industries like retail, hospitality, healthcare, and finance particularly hard. High-profile cases against Domino’s Pizza and Winn-Dixie have shown just how important it is to make websites accessible.

    If your website is found non-compliant, you could face some serious consequences such as:

    Costly Settlements & Legal Fees

    Fighting an ADA lawsuit can cost tens of thousands of dollars, including lawyer fees and settlement payouts.

    Civil Penalties

    The DOJ can impose civil penalties, with a first violation costing up to $75,000 and a second offense up to $150,000.

    Harm to Brand Reputation

    When a business is sued for not following ADA compliance, it can hurt the company’s public image, leading to lost customers and lower trust.

    Mandatory Remediation

    Businesses found in violation may even be forced to complete mandatory remediation under court supervision, which usually costs far more than if they had taken a proactive approach in the first place.

    When Do You Need an ADA Lawyer?

    While proactive accessibility efforts are ideal, there are key scenarios where consulting a lawyer is necessary:

    Receiving a Demand Letter or Lawsuit

    If your company gets a demand letter or is sued, call an ADA lawyer right away. They can look at the claims, figure out if they’re valid, and help you respond in the best way. This helps lower your chances of major financial losses.

    Navigating ADA Compliance Standards

    Sometimes, you need help understanding what laws apply to your business. An ADA lawyer can explain the rules for ADA compliance and help you set up a plan to meet them. They’ll also show you how to keep your policies in line with these rules over time.

    Reviewing Accessibility Policies and Practices

    If you want to be proactive, an ADA lawyer can review your current policies and make sure they fit with the ADA. They’ll also help you come up with new policies and train your team to follow them.

    What Is an ADA Lawyer?

    An ADA lawyer is someone who knows the ins and outs of the ADA, focusing on website accessibility and preventing digital discrimination. They can represent businesses of all sizes, from small startups to large corporations. Their main job is to make sure ADA compliance is met under Titles II and III of the ADA. They also help defend companies in lawsuits or demand-letter situations, guiding them through complex legal rules and standards.

    How is an ADA Lawyer Different from Your Current Attorney?

    Your business attorney might be great at handling contracts and company policies, but ADA compliance is a different challenge. Accessibility laws are complex, and digital accessibility cases are increasing. A general business attorney may not have the in-depth knowledge needed to navigate ADA lawsuits, negotiate with the Department of Justice, or ensure your website meets Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG). Without the right legal expertise, your business could be at risk.

    ADA lawyers specialize in these cases. They understand the law, know what regulators look for, and can create a strong defense if a lawsuit happens. More importantly, they help businesses proactively fix accessibility issues, reducing legal exposure and ensuring compliance. With the right legal strategy, you can protect your business while building a more inclusive digital experience for all users.

    What to Look for When Hiring an ADA Lawyer

    Proven Experience in ADA and Digital Accessibility Cases

    Not all lawyers are well-versed in digital accessibility. Look for an attorney with a strong background in ADA litigation and experience advising businesses on accessibility compliance. Ask about past cases and successful resolutions.

    Deep Knowledge of WCAG and Accessibility Standards

    ADA compliance for websites and digital platforms is tied to WCAG standards. Your attorney should understand these guidelines and how they apply to your business—ensuring you meet legal requirements and avoid accessibility gaps.

    Strong Reputation and Reliable Referrals

    Word of mouth matters. Seek recommendations from other businesses, industry professionals, or accessibility experts. Research case outcomes and client testimonials to find a lawyer with a strong track record.

    A Proactive, Compliance-First Approach

    Some attorneys only step in when a lawsuit is filed. The best ADA lawyers help businesses stay ahead of legal risks by identifying accessibility issues early and working with developers and accessibility consultants to resolve them.

    Clear, Upfront Pricing

    ADA compliance shouldn’t come with hidden fees or surprise legal costs. Choose a lawyer who is transparent about their pricing structure and offers a cost-effective balance between compliance guidance and legal defense.

    Proactive Steps to Avoid Legal Issues

    Rather than waiting for a legal dispute, businesses should take proactive steps to improve accessibility and reduce legal risks:

    1. Understand Web Accessibility Guidelines: WCAG sets standards that make web content more accessible. Familiarize yourself with these guidelines to determine what you need to do. They cover aspects like text readability, alternative text for images, and keyboard navigation.
    2. Conduct a Website Audit: Regularly audit your website for accessibility issues. There are tools available online that can help you identify problems, such as missing alt text for images or issues with color contrast. Consulting with a specialist firm like 216digital to conduct a thorough audit can also be a wise investment.
    3. Implement Ongoing Training: Train your staff, especially those involved in website management and content creation, about web accessibility. This helps create a culture of inclusivity and ensures that accessibility remains a priority.
    4. Stay Informed and Up-to-Date: Web accessibility standards and best practices can evolve over time. Stay informed about any changes and make updates to your website as necessary to remain compliant.
    5. Ongoing Monitoring: Compliance is not a one-time task with 216digital’s a11y.Radar service provides ongoing monitoring of your website or app to detect any new accessibility issues that may arise over time. This proactive approach helps prevent potential violations before they lead to costly lawsuits.

    Conclusion

    Staying on top of ADA compliance isn’t just about avoiding lawsuits. It’s about making sure everyone can enjoy your digital spaces. While it may seem overwhelming at first, you don’t have to face it alone.

    216digital specializes in web accessibility solutions that meet legal standards while giving all visitors a better user experience. Don’t wait until you get a demand letter—take charge of your website’s accessibility right now.

    Start Your Journey Toward Accessibility Today

    Use the contact form below to schedule a briefing with 216digital. Our team will help you spot risks, make improvements, and ensure ADA compliance in the long run. By acting now, you can stay safe from legal trouble and welcome all users with an inclusive digital experience.

    Greg McNeil

    February 18, 2025
    Legal Compliance
    accessibility laws, ADA Compliance, ADA Lawsuit, ADA Lawyer, Web Accessibility

  • ADA-Compliance Fines: How Much Will You Pay?

    Have you ever tried to use a website that was confusing, cramped, or just plain hard to read? Now imagine how much more frustrating it could be if you were relying on a screen reader or keyboard navigation because of a disability. That’s where ADA-compliance comes in. It’s about making sure everyone—regardless of ability—can enjoy and use your website.

    If your site isn’t ADA-compliant, you could be responsible for major fines. These penalties can reach tens of thousands of dollars and climb even higher for repeat violations. Besides the financial hit, failing to comply can scare away customers, invite negative press, and harm your brand. It’s not a pretty picture.

    Below, you’ll find a guide that combines vital insights about ADA-compliance: what it is, who needs to follow it, how fines are calculated, and how to avoid common slipups. Let’s jump in.

    The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)

    The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) was signed into law in 1990 to ensure that people with disabilities are treated fairly in various aspects of life. It was originally applied to physical spaces, such as offices, restaurants, and other public venues. However, as online services and websites became central to daily life, courts began to include the digital space under ADA regulations.

    Who Needs to Follow ADA-Compliance?

    If your website or digital tool is offered to the public, you likely need to comply with the ADA. This includes large retailers, small businesses, nonprofits, government sites, and e-commerce stores with no physical location. Courts often view websites and apps as “public accommodations,” meaning they must be as open to everyone online as a physical store or library is in person.

    Even if you do have a storefront, you might be surprised to learn that ADA-compliance still matters. As long as people can visit your digital space, you have a legal duty to make it accessible to those with disabilities.

    ADA Compliance Fines and Penalties

    The ADA has five main sections, or “titles”:

    1. Title I: Employment – Overseen by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC).
    2. Title II: Public Services – Managed by the Department of Justice (DOJ).
    3. Title III: Public Accommodations – Also enforced by the DOJ.
    4. Title IV: Telecommunications – Governed by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC).
    5. Title V: Miscellaneous Provisions – Covers other ADA rules and details.

    Both government agencies and private individuals can bring a lawsuit. If the DOJ believes your violation is especially serious, it might launch an investigation, require you to pay fines, and order you to fix your site. Individuals who face barriers can also sue you for blocking their access.

    Fines for Non-Compliance

    If you’re found guilty of violating ADA-compliance, the penalties can be steep:

    • First-Time Violations: Penalties can range from a few thousand dollars up to $75,000.
    • Repeat Violations: If an organization violates the ADA again, the fines can rise to $150,000 or more.
    • Legal Fees: You may also have to cover legal costs for both your own business and the person who filed the complaint.

    Fines can grow even higher if the problem persists. Business owners sometimes face ongoing penalties until they fix the issues. This can take a heavy toll on smaller companies that do not have large budgets. Apart from financial damage, there is also the risk of negative press. A major lawsuit can harm your brand and push potential customers away.

    Common ADA Violations

    Many people do not realize their websites have barriers for users with disabilities. The following are some of the most frequent problems:

    1. Lack of Alt Text for Images: Screen readers rely on alt text to describe images. Without it, a person with a vision impairment might not know what the image shows.
    2. Videos Without Captions: People who are deaf or hard of hearing need captions to understand the audio. Captions also help users who cannot listen to sound at a given moment.
    3. Poor Color Contrast: Text that blends into the background is difficult to read. High contrast between text and background helps everyone.
    4. Missing Labels on Forms: Online forms should have clear labels for each field. Labels guide screen readers and offer clarity to all users.
    5. Keyboard Navigation Problems: Some users cannot navigate a website with a mouse. They rely on the keyboard instead. If your site has items that cannot be accessed by tabbing or arrow keys, it may cause trouble.

    Lawsuits and Legal Actions

    Government-Initiated ADA Lawsuits

    If the Department of Justice sees your company as a major offender, it might file a lawsuit. This can lead to large fines, mandatory site changes, and ongoing monitoring. Past cases, like H&R Block and Peapod, show the DOJ doesn’t hesitate to step in when businesses ignore ADA-compliance.

    Private ADA Lawsuits

    Users who encounter barriers on your site can also file a suit. In states such as California, the Unruh Civil Rights Act sets a $4,000 penalty for each violation, while in New York, the Human Rights and Civil Rights Acts allow for legal action. These laws often motivate people to bring cases in states where they see better chances of winning.

    Costs Beyond Fines

    • Legal Fees: Defending a lawsuit can rack up thousands in attorney fees.
    • Settlements: Many businesses settle out of court, which still means paying money and fixing the accessibility issues.
    • Reputation Hits: Negative headlines can scare off customers and partners alike.

    Practical Tips to Stay ADA-Compliant

    Knowing what the common problems are is a good start. Here are practical steps to fix them:

    1. Follow WCAG Standards: Aim for at least Level AA of the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.2.
    2. Run Accessibility Audits: Regularly audit your website for accessibility issues. There are tools available online that can help you identify problems, such as missing alt text for images or issues with color contrast. Consulting with a specialist firm like 216digital to conduct a thorough audit can also be a wise investment.
    3. Train Your Team: Train your staff, especially those involved in website management and content creation, about the basics of ADA-compliance.
    4. Gather User Feedback: People with disabilities can test your site and point out areas that need work.
    5. Stay Informed and Up-to-Date: Web accessibility standards and best practices can evolve over time. Stay informed about any changes and make updates to your website as necessary to remain compliant.

    Conclusion: Start Your ADA-Compliance Journey Now

    ADA-compliance isn’t just about avoiding fines or lawsuits—it’s about building a more inclusive online world. By making your site accessible, you allow people from all backgrounds and abilities to connect with your brand. This fosters loyalty, trust, and a sense of community among your visitors. Yes, ignoring ADA-compliance can lead to huge fines and serious legal trouble, but it also means losing out on customers who might truly need your services.

    Don’t wait for a lawsuit or a complaint letter before you act. Every day that passes is another chance for your website to be more welcoming and user-friendly. If you’re unsure about where to start or need a partner to guide you, we’re here to help.

    Schedule a briefing with 216digital using the contact form below to talk about your website’s accessibility needs. Our dedicated team will walk you through each step, from identifying problem areas to crafting a clear plan for full ADA-compliance. With the right support, you’ll not only protect your business—you’ll create a digital space that people can appreciate, trust, and enjoy.

    Greg McNeil

    February 17, 2025
    Legal Compliance
    accessibility laws, ADA Compliance, ADA Lawsuits, Web Accessibility

  • 6 Ways to Improve Icon Accessibility in Web Design

    Icons are everywhere in web design—on navigation menus, buttons, and even instructional graphics. They help users navigate, take action, and understand content at a glance. But just because an icon looks great doesn’t mean it’s effective for everyone. When it comes to creating inclusive websites, icon accessibility is crucial. If an icon is confusing or too small, it can frustrate users, create barriers, and even cost you traffic or conversions. That’s why accessibility and usability should be top priorities.

    In this article, we’ll explore six actionable ways to improve icon design so that your icons are clear, usable, and accessible to all users, including those with disabilities. Whether you’re a website owner, content creator, or web developer, these tips will help ensure your icons work well for everyone, including people with visual, motor, or cognitive impairments.

    1. Make Your Icons Easy to See

    Contrast Matters

    When designing icons, it’s significant that they stand out from the background rather than blend in. The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) recommend a contrast ratio of at least 4.5:1 for text and images of text. Icons, especially those carrying critical information, should meet or exceed this contrast standard.

    Why It’s Important

    Low-contrast icons can be almost invisible to users with vision impairments, complicating navigating or completing tasks on your site.

    How To Do It

    Tools like the WebAIM Contrast Checker can help you confirm that your color choices meet accessibility guidelines. If your background is light, ensure your icons are noticeably darker, and vice versa.

    Size Counts

    Just as crucial as contrast is icon size. Small icons can be a nightmare for users with poor vision or those who rely on assistive technology like screen magnifiers. They can also pose a challenge for people with motor disabilities who struggle to tap or click small icons accurately.

    Recommended size

    Aim for an icon touch target of at least 44×44 pixels. This size gives enough space for a user’s finger or cursor to select the icon without accidentally triggering something else.

    Common pitfalls

    Anything smaller than 24×24 pixels is typically too small to be easily clicked or tapped. If you’re designing for mobile, remember that users’ fingers are bigger than a precise mouse pointer.

    2. Always Pair Icons with Text

    Relying solely on icons can create confusion, especially if your visitors aren’t familiar with certain symbols. A perfect example is the infamous “hamburger menu.” While common in modern design, not everyone recognizes what the three stacked lines represent. By adding a text label, you remove any guesswork.

    Why It’s Important

    Text labels make icons understandable for users who might not recognize specific symbols. They also provide additional context for screen readers, who may not interpret icons alone correctly.

    • Bad example: A search button that shows only a magnifying glass icon.
    • Good example: Pair the magnifying glass icon with the word “Search.” This ensures clarity for everyone.

    Including text labels is a simple but effective step toward better icon accessibility and can drastically improve user experience.

    3. Use Clear, Functional Alt Text

    Alt text (alternative text) plays a vital role in accessibility. It’s a description that screen readers read aloud for users who can’t see the images on a page. Regarding icons, the alt text should describe the icon’s function rather than its appearance.

    • Examples: Bad: alt= “Icon of a house”
    • Good: alt= “Go to homepage”

    If the icon is purely decorative and conveys no essential information, mark it as aria-hidden= "true" or use an empty alt="" to keep screen readers from reading irrelevant content.

    Use Proper Coding Techniques

    Depending on the format of your icon, there are slightly different approaches to ensure screen readers interpret them correctly:

    1. <img> elements → Use the alt attribute, like alt=”Search button”.
    2. SVG icons → Provide a <title> tag within the SVG file or inline code.
    3. Icon fonts → Sometimes, screen readers treat icon fonts as text characters. Use aria-hidden= "true" for the icon itself, and include hidden text (e.g., <span class= "visually-hidden">Search</span>) for accessibility.

    This attention to detail ensures that people using screen readers will know the icon’s function without having to interpret a cryptic or generic description.

    4. Be Consistent with Icons

    Consistency is key in web design, especially regarding icon accessibility. Each icon should have a clear meaning across your entire website or app.

    Why It’s Important

    If you use a magnifying glass icon to indicate “Search” in one area of your site, using the same symbol for “Zoom” somewhere else can confuse users. A confused user is more likely to leave your site or miss important content.

    Avoid Multiple Meanings

    Don’t use one icon to represent more than one function. This can break user trust and make them second-guess every click.

    By keeping your icons consistent, you help users develop familiarity with the symbols on your site. Reducing the cognitive load for everyone, including users with disabilities who rely on screen readers or keyboard navigation.

    5. Make Icons Keyboard & Assistive Tech Friendly

    Some users cannot use a mouse or touchpad and rely solely on their keyboard. Others use assistive technology like screen readers or voice control. Ensuring your icons work with these tools is essential for accessibility.

    Keyboard Navigation

    Every interactive icon should be reachable and operable using only a keyboard. Users should be able to tab to an icon and activate it with the Enter or Spacebar keys.

    • Tips: Use logical tab ordering in your HTML to ensure icons follow a coherent navigation sequence.
    • Ensure focus styles are visible (e.g., a visible outline or highlight around the icon when selected).

    Screen Reader Support

    Icons can easily confuse screen reader users if not labeled correctly. This is where ARIA labels or hidden text come into play. For instance, if an icon triggers a search action, you could include an ARIA label such as aria-label= "Search" on the button element, or you can nest a visually hidden <span> that says “Search.”

    Why It Matters

    Without ARIA labels or hidden text, a screen reader might read the icon as a “button” or, worse, give no information.

    How To Do It

    <button aria-label="Search">
  <svg aria-hidden="true"> ... </svg>
  <span class="visually-hidden">Search</span>
</button>

    Ensure keyboard and screen reader users have the proper context to interact with your icon.

    6. Choose the Right Icon Format

    Icons can be added to a webpage in several ways, but SVG and PNG are two of the most popular image formats. Alternatively, some designers opt for icon fonts. Each has its pros and cons when considering icon accessibility.

    SVG & PNG Are Your Friends

    SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics)

    • Pros: These files are resolution-independent, meaning they scale well to any size without losing quality. They can also be easily styled with CSS and annotated with titles or labels for accessibility.
    • Cons: If you’re unfamiliar with SVG syntax, the setup process can be more involved.

    PNG (Portable Network Graphics)

    • Pros: Excellent for icons that don’t need to scale up drastically. PNGs offer high-quality images with transparency.
    • Cons: They’re not always the best for large or small displays, as they can become pixelated or blurry when scaled.

    Beware of Icon Fonts

    Icon fonts replace letters with symbols, so the text “A” might visually display as a house icon. While this can be convenient, it can create issues for screen readers who might read the text as a letter rather than a graphic. If you use icon fonts:

    • ARIA: Add aria-hidden= "true" to ensure the screen reader ignores the font.
    • Hidden text: Include a visually hidden <span> with the function of the icon, such as “Home” or “Search.”

    By choosing the right format, you help ensure users can see or interact with the icon regardless of their device or abilities.

    Team Up with 216digital for Better Accessibility

    Mastering icon accessibility is more than just following guidelines; it’s about providing an inclusive experience for everyone who visits your website. Clear, intuitive icons can significantly improve your site’s usability, particularly for users who rely on assistive technologies.

    If you’re unsure where to begin or want to ensure accessibility experts handle every detail, consider partnering with 216digital. Our team has extensive experience creating accessible, user-friendly websites that work seamlessly across different devices and for people of all abilities. We’ll help you fine-tune every aspect of your icons, from contrast ratios and alt text to keyboard navigation and consistent design.

    Ready to level up your website’s accessibility? Contact us for a quick briefing and see how we can help strengthen your site’s icon design. Together, we can create a web experience that welcomes everyone, reflecting your brand values and maximizing your reach in a diverse online world.

    Greg McNeil

    February 14, 2025
    How-to Guides
    Accessibility, How-to, Icon Accessibility, web developers, web development, Website Accessibility

  • How Automated Scans Help (and Fail) Accessibility

    Have you ever clicked on a website and immediately gotten lost because nothing seemed to work the way you expected? Maybe you couldn’t find the right button, or the page layout was all over the place. Now imagine facing those same frustrations but with the added challenge of a visual, auditory, or motor disability. Navigating the web shouldn’t feel like an obstacle course—it should be intuitive and inclusive for everyone.

    If you’re a website owner or business owner in the United States, you might already know that accessibility is becoming more than just a nice-to-have. It’s a key part of good customer service, protects you from legal risks, and, quite simply, it’s the right thing to do. But where do you start?

    One of the first steps many people take is running automated scans.

    These scans promise a quick way to spot accessibility issues on your site. Yet, while they can be extremely helpful, they’re far from perfect. In this article, we’ll explore the ups and downs of automated scans—what they can do, where they fail, and how to blend them into a solid strategy that also includes manual testing and expert help.

    What Are Automated Accessibility Scans?

    Automated scans are software tools that crawl through your website’s code, looking for red flags based on standards like the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG)). Think of these tools like the spellcheck in your word processor: they can spot a lot of mistakes, but they can’t always tell you if you’re using the right words in the right context.

    What Do Automated Scans Detect?

    Plenty of free and paid tools exist. Some are browser extensions (like WAVE or Google’s Lighthouse), while others are built-in services that run regular checks on your website. They’re great at picking up on common coding issues such as:

    • Missing or poorly written alternative text on images
    • Low color contrast between text and background
    • Improper heading levels (skipping from an H1 to an H3 without an H2, for example)
    • Misapplied ARIA attributes
    • Certain missing form labels

    If your site has glaring accessibility mistakes, automated scans can flag those quickly. They’ll often give you a handy list of what’s wrong, along with references to WCAG guidelines or best practices on how to fix each issue. That’s a huge benefit if you’re new to accessibility and need a push in the right direction.

    How Automated Scans Can Help You

    Let’s look at some of the biggest advantages of automated scans—and how they fit into your overall web development workflow.

    Speed and Efficiency

    Manual reviews take time, especially for large websites. An automated tool, on the other hand, can process hundreds or even thousands of pages in a shorter timeframe. This is especially handy if you regularly add or change content.

    Spotting the “No-Brainers”

    Many accessibility issues are straightforward coding mistakes—like forgetting to add “alt” text to images. Automated scanners are perfect for picking up on these. They’re quick, consistent, and thorough in locating these common errors.

    Routine Monitoring

    Some automated scan tools offer scheduled checks, which is terrific for ongoing maintenance. You can set them to run weekly or monthly scans and then get alerts if something new pops up, letting you address problems before they spiral.

    Raising Awareness

    For those brand-new to digital accessibility, automated tools can serve as a mini crash course. They highlight rules like ensuring sufficient color contrast or labeling form fields properly, helping you learn accessibility basics as you go.

    Ease of Use

    Many automated scanners come with user-friendly dashboards or plugins. You don’t have to be a coding genius to interpret most of the results. Often, the tool itself provides guidance on how to fix whatever it finds.

    The Real-World Limitations of Automated Scans

    As powerful as they are, automated scans also have notable blind spots (no pun intended). If you rely solely on these tools, you could end up with a site that technically passes certain checks but still feels like a maze for users with disabilities.

    Lack of Context

    A scanner can confirm if there’s alt text on an image, but it can’t determine if that text is accurate or helpful. An automated report might be happy to see you labeled your button as “Button,” but that label doesn’t tell a user what the button actually does.

    Missing Nuances

    Some accessibility aspects aren’t purely code-based; they’re about user experience and clarity. For example, is your site’s language too complicated for people with cognitive disabilities? Or is the layout tricky for those navigating with a screen reader? Automated tools struggle with these questions because they can’t judge user-friendliness the same way a person can.

    False Flags

    It’s common to get false positives (where the tool flags a problem that might not actually be a problem) or false negatives (where the tool fails to spot a genuine issue). This can lead you down the wrong path or lull you into thinking your site is perfectly fine when it’s not.

    Limited Scenarios

    Accessibility is more than code. What happens when someone uses only a keyboard to navigate your site? Or how does your site work for someone who relies on voice commands or a screen reader? Automated scans can’t replicate all these scenarios.

    Overconfidence and the Need for Manual Testing

    Automated tools can create a false sense of security. Just because a scanner says you’re 90% accessible doesn’t mean your site is truly welcoming for all. This is where manual testing comes in.

    Beyond the Scan: Why Manual Testing Still Rules

    Manual testing is where you or a tester interacts with your site in a more human way. Yes, it’s more time-intensive, but it’s also where you’ll uncover issues an automated tool can’t detect.

    Keyboard-Only Navigation

    One of the most fundamental manual tests is trying to tab through your site without using a mouse. If you can’t reach a menu item or submit a form using only the keyboard, that’s a major red flag.

    Screen Reader Assessments

    Automated scans might say you have alt text in all the right places, but only a real screen reader test will tell you if that text makes sense in context. Does it describe important images properly? Does the reading order make sense, or does it jump around the page?

    Real Users, Real Feedback

    Inviting people with various disabilities to use your site can reveal issues you never even knew existed. Maybe certain wording is confusing, or a CAPTCHA system is impossible to complete using assistive technology. Nothing beats firsthand feedback.

    Manual testing fills the gaps that scanners leave behind, ensuring your site isn’t just “passing a test” but actually creating a positive experience. While it can require more resources (time and possibly hiring outside help), the results are worth it.

    Keeping Accessibility an Ongoing Priority

    Accessibility isn’t something you do once and forget about. Think of your website as a living, breathing entity: you add content, tweak layouts, and launch new features over time. Each change could introduce fresh accessibility challenges.

    So, how exactly do automated scans fit into a more complete approach to accessibility?

    Putting It All Together: A Holistic Accessibility Game Plan

    1. Start with an Automated Scan – Run a scan and fix low-hanging fruit, such as missing alt text and color contrast problems.
    2. Add Manual Checks – Navigate your site using only a keyboard and a screen reader. Identify areas that feel confusing or broken.
    3. Get Professional Input – If your site is critical to your business, hire an accessibility specialist for a thorough audit.
    4. Keep It Going – Schedule periodic scans, manual audits, and staff training. Accessibility should be part of your workflow.
    5. Stay Informed – Follow updates to WCAG and relevant U.S. laws, and continue learning from accessibility experts.

    The Best of Both Worlds: Automated and Manual Testing

    Achieving true web accessibility requires more than just running a quick scan—it demands a balanced approach that combines the speed of automation with the insight of manual testing. Automated tools can help identify glaring issues, but only real human interaction can ensure a seamless experience for all users. By integrating both strategies, you’re not just checking a compliance box—you’re creating a more inclusive, user-friendly web presence that benefits everyone.

    Start your journey toward full web accessibility today—reach out to 216digital using the form below! Our team of accessibility experts is ready to assess your site and provide tailored solutions to ensure that all visitors can easily access your content. Don’t let accessibility remain an afterthought—take the first step towards a more inclusive online presence now.

    Greg McNeil

    February 13, 2025
    Testing & Remediation
    Accessibility Audit, Accessibility testing, automated testing, manual audit, Manual Testing, Web Accessibility
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