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  • Small Design Choices, Big Accessibility Wins for All E-Commerce

    In the ever-evolving world of online shopping, small design choices can have a massive impact on customer experience—especially when it comes to accessibility. The beauty of accessible design isn’t just about meeting legal requirements; it’s about creating a shopping environment where everyone, regardless of their abilities, can navigate, interact, and complete purchases effortlessly. For e-commerce businesses, embracing accessibility means happier customers, improved loyalty, and ultimately, higher sales. Let’s explore some easy-to-implement design changes that can create big wins for your e-commerce store.

    Skip Navigation Links: A Keyboard and Screen Reader Lifesaver

    For many e-commerce users, particularly those who rely on screen readers or navigate using keyboards, skip navigation links are game-changers. These simple links allow users to bypass repetitive menus and jump straight to the main content.

    Imagine browsing an e-commerce site with dozens of product categories listed in a navigation bar. For someone tabbing through every link, it could feel like running a marathon before even reaching the product descriptions. Skip navigation links eliminate this hassle, ensuring users can quickly find what they’re looking for. Plus, it’s not just about accessibility—it’s about efficiency for all users.

    How to Implement

    Here’s an example of a skip navigation link implemented in HTML and CSS:

    <a href="#main-content" class="skip-link sr-only">Skip to Main Content</a>
    
    .sr-only { 
      position: absolute; left: -10000px; 
    } 
    .skip-link { 
      color: black; background-color: white; padding: 12px; border: 2px solid black; border-radius: 5px; z-index: 999; 
    } 
    .skip-link:focus-visible { 
      left: 0px; 
    }
    

    Add an id to the main content section to link to it:

    <div id="main-content">
      <!-- Main content goes here -->
    </div>

    This ensures the link appears only when focused, providing a seamless experience for keyboard users.

    Quick Links: Streamline Product Page Navigation

    E-commerce product pages often pack in a wealth of information, from product descriptions and specifications to reviews and related products. While comprehensive details are a plus, they can also feel overwhelming. That’s where quick links come in.

    By adding anchor links at the top of product pages, you give customers the option to jump directly to the section they care about most. Whether it’s “Customer Reviews,” “Specifications,” or “Add to Cart,” quick links make the browsing experience smooth and satisfying. This small touch can be a big win for users with disabilities, who might otherwise struggle to scroll through dense pages.

    How to Implement

    Use anchor links combined with id attributes:

    <nav>
      <ul>
        <li><a href="#description">Description</a></li>
        <li><a href="#specs">Specifications</a></li>
        <li><a href="#reviews">Customer Reviews</a></li>
      </ul>
    </nav>
    
    <section id="description">
      <h2>Product Description</h2>
      <p>Details about the product...</p>
    </section>
    
    <section id="specs">
      <h2>Specifications</h2>
      <p>Technical details...</p>
    </section>
    
    <section id="reviews">
      <h2>Customer Reviews</h2>
      <p>What customers are saying...</p>
    </section>

    Anchor links make navigation more accessible for all users, particularly those using assistive technologies.

    Repeated Call-to-Actions: Boost Engagement on Lengthy Pages

    Sometimes, e-commerce pages are lengthy by necessity—think of category pages featuring hundreds of products or detailed FAQs. Repeating key call-to-action (CTA) buttons, like “Add to Cart” or “Subscribe,” ensures users always have easy access to the next step.

    Why does this matter? For users with mobility issues or those navigating on mobile devices, scrolling back to the top for a CTA can be frustrating. A well-placed button at regular intervals keeps the experience seamless and reduces the risk of abandonment.

    To learn more about CTA’s and web accessibility, check out our article “Why ‘Click Here’ Hurts Your Website’s Accessibility.“

    How to Implement

    Here’s an example of a repeated CTA in HTML:

    <section>
      <p>Great deals await! Don’t miss out.</p>
      <a href="/checkout" class="cta-button">Add to Cart</a>
    </section>
    <section>
      <p>Ready to buy? Click below.</p>
      <a href="/checkout" class="cta-button">Add to Cart</a>
    </section>

    Enhance with CSS for visibility:

    .cta-button {
      display: inline-block;
      padding: 10px 20px;
      background-color: #007bff;
      color: white;
      text-decoration: none;
      font-size: 16px;
      border-radius: 5px;
    }
    .cta-button:hover {
      background-color: #0056b3;
    }

    High Contrast Colors: Accessibility Meets Visual Appeal

    Choosing high-contrast color combinations is one of the simplest yet most impactful accessibility adjustments an e-commerce site can make. Text should always stand out against its background, ensuring readability for users with low vision or color blindness.

    For instance, pairing black text on a white background is a classic high-contrast choice. Avoid combinations like light gray text on a white background—it may look sleek, but it’s a nightmare for users with visual impairments. Use online contrast checkers to ensure your color scheme meets Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) standards.

    Descriptive Alt Text: Elevate Your Product Images

    Images play a starring role in e-commerce. From close-up shots of fabrics to 360-degree views of products, visuals help customers make informed decisions. But what about users who can’t see the images?

    Enter descriptive alt text. This essential element of accessible design provides text-based descriptions of images, allowing screen readers to convey their content. For example, instead of “Image of a shirt,” use something like “Blue cotton button-down shirt with long sleeves and a slim fit.” Not only does this help visually impaired users, but it also boosts your SEO, making your e-commerce site more discoverable.

    How to Implement

    Add descriptive alt text to your images in the alt attribute:

    <img src="blue-shirt.jpg" alt="Blue cotton button-down shirt with long sleeves and a slim fit">

    Accessible Forms: Smooth Checkout Experiences

    Forms are a staple of e-commerce, whether for creating accounts, signing up for newsletters, or completing purchases. Yet, poorly designed forms can alienate customers with disabilities.

    To ensure your forms are accessible:

    • Use clear labels for every field, even if it seems obvious.
    • Include error messages that explain the problem in plain language, like “Please enter a valid email address.”
    • Add focus indicators to show users where they are on the page as they tab through the form.

    These small changes make the checkout process easier for all customers while reducing cart abandonment rates.

    How to Implement

    Use clear labels, error messages, and focus indicators:

    <form>
      <label for="email">Email Address</label>
      <input type="email" id="email" name="email" required>
      
      <span id="error-message" style="color: red; display: none;">
        Please enter a valid email address.
      </span>
      <button type="submit">Submit</button>
    </form>

    Add JavaScript to show error messages dynamically:

    document.querySelector('form').addEventListener('submit', function(event) {
      const emailField = document.getElementById('email');
      if (!emailField.value.includes('@')) {
        event.preventDefault();
        document.getElementById('error-message').style.display = 'block';
      }
    });

    Ensure focus indicators are clear for keyboard users:

    input:focus {
      outline: 2px solid #007bff;
    }

    Accessibility Benefits Everyone

    While these features are designed with accessibility in mind, they often enhance the overall e-commerce experience for all users. For example, quick links and repeated CTAs aren’t just for users with disabilities—they make navigating long pages faster for everyone. High-contrast colors don’t only help users with low vision; they’re also easier to read in bright sunlight on mobile devices.

    Inclusive design doesn’t just expand your audience; it builds trust. Customers recognize and appreciate when a business goes the extra mile to ensure their shopping experience is smooth and enjoyable.

    The Payoff: Happier Customers and Higher Sales

    By incorporating accessibility features, you’re not just meeting legal obligations—you’re investing in your customers’ satisfaction. When customers feel valued and supported, they’re more likely to complete purchases, leave positive reviews, and return for future shopping. The result? A stronger, more inclusive e-commerce brand that thrives in today’s competitive market.

    Ready to take the next step? Schedule an ADA briefing with 216digital today to explore how accessibility can elevate your e-commerce site. Simply use the contact form at the bottom of this page to get started. Let’s work together to create a better online shopping experience for all!

    Make the change. Create an e-commerce experience that works for all—and watch as those small design choices turn into big accessibility wins!

    Greg McNeil

    December 6, 2024
    How-to Guides, The Benefits of Web Accessibility
    Accessibility, e-Commerce, ecommerce website, How-to, Web Accessibility
  • Website Accessibility: Are Overlays Just Hiding the Problem?

    Creating an accessible website isn’t just about ticking a box. It’s about ensuring that every user, no matter their abilities, can navigate and benefit from your digital presence. Yet, for many business owners, the idea of tackling website accessibility can feel overwhelming. Enter accessibility overlays—those “quick fix” solutions promising to make your site compliant in a snap. Sounds perfect, right?

    Unfortunately, it’s too good to be true. Overlays don’t just fall short—they create more problems, leaving users frustrated and your business exposed to legal risks. Let’s cut through the noise and uncover the truth about why overlays are not the solution they claim to be.

    What Are Website Accessibility Overlays?

    Web accessibility overlays are tools or widgets that website owners can add to their sites to enhance website accessibility—or at least, that’s the promise They typically involve inserting a small JavaScript code snippet into your site, which then adds a floating button or widget. This button allows users to make adjustments, such as changing text size, altering color contrasts, or enabling screen reader compatibility.

    On the surface, overlays sound like a dream come true: a quick, low-cost way to improve website accessibility without needing a major redesign. But here’s the kicker: overlays only mask the problem. They don’t address the more profound, structural issues that make a website inaccessible in the first place. Worse, they can actually introduce new barriers, frustrating users with disabilities and leaving your business exposed to legal and reputational risks.

    Why Accessibility Overlays Are a Risky Shortcut

    Overlays Don’t Address Website Accessibility Barries

    Overlays operate on the surface, leaving your website’s underlying code untouched. If your site has poorly labeled buttons, inaccessible forms, or missing alt text, overlays won’t fix any of it. It’s like putting a fresh coat of paint on a crumbling wall—it looks fine for a moment, but the structural issues are still there. 

    So, what issues are ignored by AI and overlay widget tools?

    • Missing headings 
    • Missing alt text on images
    • Marked link text 
    • No labels on form fields
    • Required form fields not indicated
    • No submit button on forms or no clear button label

    While most of these issues may not be visible to all users, these issues are significant barriers to web users with disabilities. 

    Poor User Experience for People with Disabilities

    Ironically, overlays often create more barriers for people with disabilities instead of removing them. They frequently disrupt the functionality of assistive technologies like screen readers and keyboard navigation, making it harder—not easier—for users to navigate a site. Rather than complementing these tools, overlays can interfere with their operation, forcing users to abandon their preferred methods and engage with the overlay’s limited features. This undermines the independence and usability that assistive technologies are designed to provide.

    Website Accessibility is Not a One-Size-Fits-All Solution

    Disabilities are as diverse as the people who have them, and a one-size-fits-all overlay cannot possibly meet every user’s needs. Built on generalized assumptions, overlays often cater to a narrow set of requirements while neglecting others, leaving many users frustrated or excluded. For instance, individuals with cognitive disabilities may find overlays too complex or distracting, while those with motor impairments may struggle with poorly designed interactions.

    This cookie-cutter approach ignores the nuanced and personalized support that true accessibility demands, emphasizing the need for solutions that genuinely prioritize diverse user experiences.

    For more information on how overlays affect users’ experience, check out our article, “Are Web Accessibility Overlays Hurting Users?”

    They Increase Legal Liability

    Don’t fall for the myth that overlays will shield you from lawsuits. Courts and advocacy groups have repeatedly ruled that overlays don’t meet accessibility standards. In fact, relying on them might make your business a bigger target. By mid-2024, over 20% of web accessibility lawsuits were filed against companies using these widgets. 

    To make things even more challenging, businesses using overlays are now facing a new wave of copycat lawsuits. These lawsuits come from a new wave of ambulance chasers targeting companies that rely on third-party overlays. They know these tools often fall short of providing true accessibility. Tools like BuiltWith make it easy for anyone to see what a website is built with. With just a click, you can access a list of websites using a specific tool—like AccessiBe or another accessibility overlay.

    Why Genuine Website Accessibility Efforts Matter

    If overlays aren’t the answer, what is? Real website accessibility means going beyond surface-level fixes to create a seamless, inclusive experience for all users. It’s a commitment to quality, usability, and long-term success. Here’s why it’s worth the effort:

    Tailored Fixes Address Specific Barriers

    No two websites—or audiences—are the same. A manual accessibility audit identifies the unique issues impacting your users and ensures they’re resolved effectively.

    User Testing Guarantees Real-World Usability

    Involving people with disabilities in your testing process provides insights that automated tools and overlays simply can’t replicate. It’s the difference between assuming accessibility and truly delivering it.

    Sustainable Practices Build Long-Term Compliance

    Web accessibility is a continuous journey—not a one-time task. Genuine efforts focus on:

    • Training Your Team: Equip your content creators, designers, and developers with the skills and knowledge to maintain accessibility throughout the site’s lifecycle.
    • Ongoing Monitoring: Use accessibility tools to identify new issues as they arise. Websites evolve, and so do the standards and technologies that shape them.
    • Proactive Planning: Incorporate accessibility into every stage of your workflow, from initial design concepts to regular updates or redesigns. This proactive approach prevents future problems and keeps your site ahead of accessibility requirements.

    Practical Steps for Website Accessibility

    Ready to ditch the quick fixes? Here’s how to achieve genuine website accessibility:

    1. Start with an Audit: Identify your site’s barriers with a professional accessibility audit. This creates a roadmap for improvement.
    2. Remediate Issues: Work with developers to fix identified issues, such as:
      • Add alt text to images.
      • Improve keyboard navigation.
      • Fix form labels and color contrast.
    3. Test with Real Users: Ensure your changes work in the real world by testing with people who use assistive technologies.
    4. Monitor and Maintain: Accessibility is ongoing. Use tools like Accessibility Radar (a11y.Radar) to stay proactive and address new issues as they arise.
    5. Partner with Experts: Accessibility is complex—don’t go it alone. Experts can guide you through compliance and ensure your efforts truly make a difference.

    Don’t Settle for a Shortcut That Fails 

    Accessibility overlays might sound tempting, but they’re no substitute for meaningful action. By addressing website accessibility at its core, you create an inclusive, compliant, and user-friendly website.

    Don’t settle for shortcuts that leave your users frustrated and your business at risk. Instead, invest in meaningful changes that prioritize user experience, long-term success, and a digital space where everyone feels welcome.

    Ready to take the first step? Partner with the experts at 216digital, who understand accessibility inside and out. Together, we can create a web that works for everyone—and protect your business in the process. Schedule your complimentary ADA briefing today to start your journey toward an accessible and compliant future.

    Greg McNeil

    December 5, 2024
    Legal Compliance
    Accessibility, Overlay, screen overlays, Website Accessibility, Widgets
  • Responsive Web Design: How It Relates to Digital Accessibility

    Users on mobile devices make up about two-thirds of all web traffic, so having a responsive web design is crucial. With assistive technology on mobile devices, such as Voiceover on iOS, getting better daily, users with disabilities are using mobile devices more than ever. In this article, we’ll explore how to ensure your mobile-friendly design is accessible to users with disabilities.

    What Is Responsive Web Design?

    Responsive web design is an approach to web development that ensures a site’s layout and content automatically adapt to different screen sizes and orientations. With RWD, a single website seamlessly adjusts its appearance and functionality, whether viewed on a desktop, tablet, or smartphone.

    The cornerstone of RWD lies in flexible grids, fluid images, and media queries that allow the design to respond to its environment.

    Why Is Responsive Web Design Important for Accessibility?

    Responsive web design is not just about aesthetics—it’s about usability. For users with disabilities, a responsive site can mean the difference between a smooth experience and complete frustration. Here’s how RWD contributes to digital accessibility:

    • Consistency Across Devices: Users who rely on assistive technologies, such as screen readers or magnifiers, benefit from consistent layouts and predictable navigation across devices.
    • Adaptability for Custom Settings: Responsive designs better accommodate user-specific settings, such as increased font size or high-contrast modes.
    • Ease of Interaction: RWD makes touch targets (like buttons) appropriately sized and spaced for mobile users, which is especially critical for people with motor impairments.
    • Improved Readability: Dynamic text resizing and responsive typography ensure readability for users with low vision.

    Responsive vs. Adaptive Web Design: Which Is Better for Accessibility?

    Although often used interchangeably, responsive and adaptive web design are distinct approaches.

    • Responsive Web Design (RWD): Using media queries, a single design adjusts fluidly to fit various screen sizes.
    • Adaptive Web Design (AWD): Multiple fixed layouts are created for specific screen sizes, and the appropriate layout is served based on the user’s device.

    When it comes to accessibility, RWD generally has the edge. Here’s why:

    • Device-Agnostic: RWD caters to an infinite range of screen sizes, while AWD is limited to the predefined breakpoints for which layouts are designed.
    • Consistency: RWD ensures a uniform experience, while AWD may cause discrepancies between layouts, confusing users who rely on assistive technologies.

    However, both approaches can support accessibility when implemented thoughtfully.

    Common Responsive Web Design Pitfalls That Hurt Accessibility

    Even well-intentioned responsive designs can fall short of accessibility standards. Here are some common mistakes and how to avoid them:

    Inconsistent Navigation

    When navigation menus change drastically between screen sizes, users may struggle to find what they need—especially those relying on screen readers or keyboard navigation.

    Solution: Use consistent and predictable navigation patterns across all breakpoints. Test to ensure screen readers announce menus accurately.

    Inadequate Focus Indicators

    Focus indicators are critical for users navigating with a keyboard, yet they often disappear or become less visible on smaller screens.

    Solution: Design focus states that are prominent across all devices.

    button:focus {  
      outline: 3px solid #0078d7;  
    }  

    Overly Small Touch Targets

    Tiny buttons or links on mobile devices can be difficult for users with motor impairments to tap accurately.

    Solution: Follow WCAG recommendations for touch target sizes (at least 44×44 pixels) and maintain adequate spacing.

    Ignoring User Settings

    Some responsive designs override user preferences, like zooming or high-contrast modes, which can render content inaccessible.

    Solution: Allow user overrides by avoiding !important in CSS styles and ensuring zoom functionality is not disabled.

    Best Practices for Accessible Responsive Web Design

    To build an inclusive, responsive website, focus on these foundational principles:

    Use Semantic HTML

    Start with a solid foundation by using semantic HTML elements like <header>, <nav>, and <main>. These provide structure and meaning, making your content easier to navigate with assistive technologies.

    Design Flexible Layouts

    Build layouts that adapt fluidly to different screen sizes. Use relative units like percentages or em instead of fixed units like pixels.

    .container {  
      width: 90%;  
      max-width: 1200px;  
      margin: 0 auto;  
    }   

    Implement Responsive Typography

    Readable text is crucial for accessibility. Use CSS techniques like clamp() to create scalable typography that adapts to the screen size:

    h1 {  
      font-size: clamp(1.5rem, 5vw, 2.5rem);  
    }  

    Test both manually and with automation, and invite feedback

    Whenever you complete development tasks or onboard new content or products, you should always use automated testing tools like WAVE and Google Lighthouse to ensure you do not introduce any new accessibility barriers. You should also regularly manually test your website using screen reading software. Ensure a link on your website invites user feedback if they encounter an accessibility barrier.

    Incorporate Media Queries Thoughtfully

    Media queries are the backbone of RWD. Use them to adjust layouts without sacrificing usability.

    @media (max-width: 768px) {  
      .nav {  
        display: none;  
      }  
      .mobile-menu {  
        display: block;  
      }  
    }   

    Leverage ARIA Sparingly

    Accessible Rich Internet Applications (ARIA) attributes can enhance accessibility but should not replace semantic HTML. For instance, use aria-expanded to indicate whether a collapsible menu is open or closed.

    <button aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="menu">Menu</button>  
    <div id= "menu" hidden>  
      <!-- Menu items -->  
    </div> 

    Optimize for Performance

    Slow-loading pages frustrate all users but can disproportionately affect those with disabilities. Compress images, minify CSS and JavaScript, and use responsive images to improve load times.

    Testing Responsiveness and Accessibility

    A responsive site isn’t automatically accessible—it needs testing. Here are some tools and methods to ensure your RWD supports digital accessibility:

    • Browser DevTools: Use responsive design modes to preview your site on various screen sizes.
    • Accessibility Testing Tools: Tools like Lighthouse can identify issues like missing alt text or insufficient contrast.
    • User Testing: Engage users with disabilities to test your site’s usability.
    • Mobile Testing: Use actual devices, not just simulators, to test responsiveness and accessibility together.

    Conclusion

    Many web owners focus specifically on the inclusivity of their desktop websites but do not specifically test their mobile views. With most traffic, including users with disabilities, using mobile devices, it’s more important than ever to ensure that all versions of your website, regardless of screen size, are accessible to everyone.

    If you’d like an expert evaluation of your mobile site’s accessibility, contact 216digital using the contact form below.

    Greg McNeil

    December 4, 2024
    How-to Guides
    Accessibility, ecommerce design, responsive web design, RWD, web development, Website Accessibility
  • The Human Touch: Manual Testing for Web Accessibility

    Developing an accessible website goes far beyond simply checking off boxes for legal or regulatory compliance. It’s about making sure that every person, regardless of ability, can comfortably interact with and understand your online content. While automated tools are excellent for quickly spotting many accessibility problems, they can only take you so far. To catch the subtler issues—the ones that can truly affect the user experience—you need the human touch.

    This guide will walk you through the essentials of manual testing. By following these steps, you’ll ensure that your website meets the standards of the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) and provides an inclusive experience for everyone.

    Why Manual Testing is Important

    It might seem tempting to rely only on automated tools for accessibility testing. After all, these tools are fast, can scan entire sites in minutes, and give you neat reports listing potential issues. While that’s helpful, there’s an important piece of the puzzle they can’t fill in on their own.

    Studies suggest that automated tools detect only about 30% of accessibility barriers on a website. That means a whopping 70% of potential issues can go unnoticed if you don’t involve human testers. Why does this happen? Because many aspects of accessibility are about meaning, clarity, and usability—qualities that a computer program can’t fully judge.

    For example, an automated tool can tell if an image tag has “alt” text, but it can’t determine if that text accurately describes what’s in the image. A tool might confirm that you’ve included headings, but it can’t decide if those headings help users understand the structure and purpose of your page.

    Manual testing allows you to catch these subtle issues. By combining automated scans with hands-on checks, you’ll create a complete approach to accessibility. This balanced method ensures that both the technical side and the real-life user experience are taken into account, leading to a more inclusive and welcoming digital environment.

    What Is Included in a Manual Audit?

    If you’re aiming for a website that not only checks the boxes on WCAG compliance but genuinely serves people of all abilities, a manual audit is key. The process involves a series of steps, from planning your testing scope to verifying that users can interact with your site in many different ways. Below, we’ll break down some core areas to consider in your manual testing efforts.

    Developing a Testing Plan

    Think of your testing plan as your roadmap. Before you begin, decide which pages, sections, and features of your site you’ll test. Maybe you’ll start with your homepage, or perhaps you’ll focus on your online store’s product pages, since that’s where most visitors end up. Consider the parts of your site that handle important tasks, like your checkout process or contact forms. These areas often matter most to users and should be top priorities.

    Creating a well-structured plan helps you stay on track. As you test, keep good notes. Document where you find issues, what kind of barriers they create, and ideas for fixing them. This record will not only guide your repair work but also help you understand how your site’s accessibility improves over time.

    Evaluating Keyboard Navigation

    A simple yet powerful first step is to test your website using only a keyboard. Many individuals rely on a keyboard instead of a mouse because of physical or visual impairments. To do this, unplug your mouse and try navigating your site with the Tab, Shift + Tab, Enter, and arrow keys.

    As you move through links, buttons, menus, and form fields, watch for a visible highlight or outline showing which element is currently selected (often called the “focus indicator”). If your focus gets “stuck” or disappears, that’s a sign of a problem. Users who depend on keyboard navigation should be able to move through your entire site easily and understand exactly where they are at all times.

    If you find any trouble spots—like a pop-up menu that traps the focus—make note of it. Fixing these issues can make your site smoother and more intuitive for a wide range of visitors.

    Manual Testing Compatibility with Screen Readers

    Screen readers, such as NVDA, JAWS, and VoiceOver, help users with visual impairments navigate the web by reading page content aloud. To test compatibility, pick one of these tools and open your website. As you listen, ask yourself: Is the content announced in a clear, logical order? Do headings, links, and images make sense when read aloud?

    Pay special attention to images. If an image conveys important information, its alt text should describe what’s shown and why it matters. If an image is only decorative, it should have a null alt attribute, so the screen reader will skip it. Your goal is to ensure that someone who can’t see the screen can still understand what’s there and how to interact with it.

    Checking Color Contrast

    Good color contrast isn’t just about making your site look nice—it’s about ensuring that everyone can read your content comfortably. People with low vision or color blindness might struggle to read text that doesn’t stand out enough from the background.

    Use tools like WebAIM’s Contrast Checker to test your text and background color combinations. If the contrast is too low, adjust your colors until they meet the guidelines. Even a small improvement can make a big difference in how well users can read and engage with your content.

    Reviewing Captions for Multimedia Content

    Videos and audio clips add depth and interest to your site, but they also need to be accessible. Captions ensure that users who are deaf or hard of hearing can understand spoken content. If your videos have dialogue, instructions, or any important information, make sure they come with accurate captions that match the timing and meaning of the audio.

    In some cases, you might need audio descriptions for users who can’t see the visuals. If your video shows data charts, important text, or other key details, consider adding a voice-over description to explain what’s on the screen.

    Ensuring Accessible Forms

    Forms are essential parts of many websites, whether they’re for signing up for a newsletter, making a purchase, or submitting a support request. Yet forms often pose accessibility challenges when they’re not labeled or organized correctly.

    To test form accessibility, try navigating your forms using a keyboard and a screen reader. Do form fields have clear labels that the screen reader announces as you move through them? When errors occur, do the error messages explain the problem in simple terms and guide the user to fix it?

    Paying extra attention to forms can go a long way toward making your site welcoming and easy to use.

    Testing Skip Navigation Links

    Skip navigation links are small but mighty features. They let users skip over repetitive elements—such as large navigation menus—and jump straight to the main content. This is especially helpful for those who rely on a keyboard or a screen reader, as it saves them from having to tab through the same menu items over and over.

    To check for skip navigation links, start navigating your site from the top. See if there’s a “Skip to main content” link or something similar. If it’s missing, adding one can make browsing much more efficient for many users.

    Verifying Link Text

    Have you ever seen a link that just says “click here”? Without surrounding context, that’s not very helpful. People using screen readers often scan links out of their context, so vague link text can be confusing.

    Review all the links on your site and ask yourself: Does the text describe the link’s purpose? For example, “Click here for our latest report” is less helpful than “Download our latest report.” The latter tells users exactly what they’ll get if they follow that link.

    Reviewing Dynamic Content

    Modern websites often feature dynamic elements like pop-ups, slideshows, or modal windows. While these can be visually appealing and helpful, they can also cause confusion if not set up properly. For instance, a modal window might appear over the rest of the content, but if a screen reader user isn’t informed that it popped up, they might continue reading the content behind it without knowing there’s something else to consider.

    Test these features by opening them with a keyboard and listening with a screen reader. Make sure the screen reader announces the new content and that it’s easy to close the pop-up and return to the main page content. Users should feel in control of their experience at all times.

    Documenting Issues and Prioritizing Fixes

    As you work through manual testing, keep detailed notes. Write down any issues you find, along with the steps you’ll need to correct them. Consider how severe each problem is: Does it block users from completing critical tasks, or is it a minor inconvenience?

    By sorting issues into categories—such as “high priority” or “low priority”—you can tackle the most urgent problems first. This approach helps you make steady progress and ensures that you address the biggest barriers right away.

    Building a More Inclusive Website with 216digital

    Manual testing might feel like a big job, but it’s a crucial part of creating a web experience that works for everyone. By planning your testing, checking keyboard navigation, using screen readers, ensuring proper color contrast, reviewing captions, making forms accessible, adding skip links, refining link text, and handling dynamic content correctly, you’ll identify and fix the issues that really matter.

    When your website meets WCAG guidelines and is comfortable to use for people of all abilities, you strengthen your brand’s reputation and reach a wider audience. It’s not just about avoiding legal risks or ticking compliance boxes—though that’s important, too. It’s about showing that you value every visitor and believe they deserve equal access to your information, products, and services.

    If you’re looking for personalized help in making your website ADA compliant, consider reaching out to 216digital. Our experts can provide an ADA briefing and guide you through the finer points of web accessibility, ensuring that you create an inclusive, user-friendly online environment that supports everyone who visits your site.

    Greg McNeil

    December 3, 2024
    How-to Guides, Testing & Remediation
    Accessibility, Accessibility testing, manual audit, Manual Testing, WCAG
  • When Is Web Accessibility Most Easily Achieved?

    Creating an inclusive digital experience is no longer optional; it’s critical to building modern websites and applications. Accessibility for websites ensures that all users, including those with disabilities, can access, navigate, and interact with your content. While achieving accessibility at any stage is commendable, it’s most efficient and effective when integrated early in development. By starting accessibility efforts from the initial design planning phase and continuing through coding and content creation, businesses can ensure smoother workflows, cost efficiency, and an inclusive user experience.

    Why Start Early?

    Integrating accessibility early in the website development lifecycle is not just a best practice—it’s a necessity. Here’s why:

    Cost Efficiency

    Addressing accessibility for websites issues after a site is live can be expensive and time-consuming. According to research, fixing a bug during the design phase costs significantly less than fixing it post-launch. Early integration avoids retrofitting, often requiring revisiting designs, rewriting code, and reworking content.

    Smoother Workflows

    When accessibility for websites is built into your processes, teams can proactively anticipate and address potential issues rather than scrambling to fix problems at the last minute. This approach minimizes disruptions and fosters collaboration across design, development, and content teams.

    Better User Experience

    Accessibility enhances usability for everyone. By focusing on inclusivity from the beginning, you create a website that’s compliant and offers a seamless experience for all users, regardless of their abilities.

    Best Practices for Early Integration

    Integrating accessibility into your website development process from the outset ensures a smoother workflow, reduces costs, and creates a more inclusive user experience. The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG)—an internationally recognized set of standards for digital accessibility—serve as a foundational resource for implementing these practices. By incorporating WCAG principles early, you align your project with best practices while creating a platform that everyone can use.

    Incorporate Accessibility into Design

    Design is the foundation of an accessible website. Thoughtful design choices can prevent significant barriers from arising. Here’s how to ensure accessibility for websites from the beginning:

    • Color Contrast: Use color combinations that meet WCAG’s minimum contrast ratio of 4.5:1 for body text and 3:1 for larger text. This ensures readability for users with visual impairments.
    • Responsive and Scalable Fonts: Implement relative units like em or rem for font sizing, enabling users to resize text as needed without breaking layouts.
    • Keyboard Navigation: Ensure all interactive elements (like buttons, forms, and menus) are fully operable with a keyboard alone, vital for users who cannot use a mouse.
    • Accessible Visual Cues: Design clear focus states for interactive elements so users navigating with a keyboard can see which element is currently active.

    Use Semantic HTML

    Semantic HTML improves the usability of your website for assistive technologies and enhances the experience for all users. Here’s why it matters:

    • Meaningful Tags: Use HTML5 elements like <header>, <nav>, <main>, and <footer> to give structure to your page. These tags help screen readers and other assistive technologies provide context to users.
    • Proper Use of ARIA: Use Accessible Rich Internet Applications (ARIA) attributes only when semantic HTML cannot achieve the same functionality. Incorrect or excessive ARIA use can introduce unnecessary complexity.

    Test Accessibility Throughout Development

    Testing ensures your website is inclusive at every stage of its lifecycle. It helps detect and resolve potential barriers before they become costly problems. Follow these strategies:

    • Assistive Technology Testing: Use tools like NVDA, JAWS, or VoiceOver to simulate real-world interactions and ensure your site is accessible to users relying on screen readers or magnifiers.
    • Automated Testing Tools: Tools like WAVE, or Lighthouse can quickly identify common accessibility issues. Use them as part of your continuous integration process.
    • Manual Testing: Combine automated testing with manual reviews to catch issues that tools might miss, such as ensuring logical tab order or meaningful link text.
    • Iterative Testing: Conduct accessibility tests at critical milestones—during design, during development, and before launch.

    Write Inclusive Content

    Content creators play a crucial role in making a website accessible. Accessible content ensures that all users can engage with your site meaningfully:

    • Alternative Text for Images: Provide concise yet descriptive alt text for all non-decorative images. This ensures users with visual impairments understand the context.
    • Descriptive Links: Avoid vague link text like “click here.” Instead, use text that describes the link’s purpose, such as “Download the user manual.”
    • Structured Headings: Use a logical heading hierarchy (e.g., <h1> for the main title, followed by <h2> and <h3> for subsections) to improve navigation.
    • Multimedia Accessibility: Provide captions for videos and transcripts for audio content to accommodate users with hearing impairments and improve SEO.

    Common Mistakes to Avoid

    Delaying Accessibility Checks

    One of the most common missteps is treating accessibility as an afterthought. Waiting until the end to check for compliance often results in rushed fixes that must be more thorough and effective.

    Over-reliance on Automation

    While automated tools are excellent for flagging issues, they can’t catch everything. Manual testing and user feedback are essential for identifying nuanced accessibility barriers.

    Neglecting Maintenance

    Accessibility is not a one-time task. Regular updates, content changes, and new features can introduce barriers if not correctly managed. Continuous monitoring is essential to maintaining compliance.

    Actionable Advice for Integrating Accessibility

    Educate Your Team

    Invest in accessibility training for your design, development, and content teams. Understanding the principles of accessibility empowers everyone to contribute to an inclusive user experience.

    Adopt Accessibility Checklists

    Incorporate WCAG guidelines into your project workflows with easy-to-follow checklists. These ensure that no critical steps are overlooked during design or development.

    Engage Accessibility Experts

    Consulting with experts early can save time and resources. They can provide audits, training, and guidance tailored to your project’s needs.

    Build Accessibility Into Your Workflow

    Use tools like GitHub to integrate accessibility checks into your code repositories. Automated testing scripts can flag issues as developers commit code.

    Monitor Accessibility Post-Launch

    Deploy ongoing monitoring tools like a11y.Radar to track compliance and detect issues as they arise. Regular audits ensure your website remains accessible as it evolves.

    Conclusion

    Website accessibility is most efficiently and effectively achieved when treated as a core part of the development process. By starting accessibility for websites efforts early—at the design stage—and continuing them through coding, content creation, and post-launch maintenance, businesses can avoid costly mistakes, streamline workflows, and create an inclusive user experience.

    The benefits of early integration are clear: reduced costs, enhanced usability, and compliance with legal standards. By embracing best practices like using semantic HTML, testing with assistive technologies, and prioritizing continuous testing, organizations can set themselves up for success.

    Remember, accessibility isn’t just about meeting regulations—it’s about making your website welcoming and usable for everyone. Start early, stay committed, and reap the rewards of an accessible, inclusive digital presence.

    Ready to make accessibility a cornerstone of your web strategy? 

    Schedule an ADA briefing with 216digital today. Our experts are here to guide you through creating a website that’s not only compliant but also exceptional in user experience. Contact us to take the first step toward an inclusive digital future.

    Greg McNeil

    December 2, 2024
    Testing & Remediation
    Accessibility Remediation, Web Accessibility, Web Accessibility Remediation, Website Accessibility
  • WCAG Tips Every Content Creator Should Know

    When you’re creating content for the web, accessibility might not always be the first thing on your mind. You’re busy crafting engaging stories, writing catchy headlines, or finding the perfect image. But here’s the deal: ignoring accessibility can limit your audience and potentially land you in legal trouble. That’s where Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) comes in—and yes, it’s easier than you think.

    Let’s break down what WCAG is, why it matters for content creators, and how you can make your content shine for everyone.

    What is WCAG, and Why Should You Care?

    WCAG stands for Web Content Accessibility Guidelines, but don’t let the formal name intimidate you. These guidelines are essentially a roadmap for making websites, apps, and digital content usable for everyone—whether someone has a disability or not. Developed by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), WCAG focuses on four key principles: making content perceivable, operable, understandable, and robust (POUR). Think of it as a checklist to ensure your site is accessible to as many people as possible.

    It’s all about ensuring that everyone, regardless of their abilities, can engage with your website. Sounds important, right? It is.

    And it’s not just for developers! WCAG applies to everyone involved in building a website, including content creators. Accessible content expands your reach, enhances the user experience, boosts your site’s SEO, and helps you avoid potential legal pitfalls. In short, accessibility isn’t a chore—it’s a win-win.

    The Benefits of Accessible Content

    Expand Your Audience Reach

    Did you know that 28.7% of adults in the U.S.—that’s over 61 million people—live with a disability? Globally, this number jumps to over 1 billion people, or 16% of the world’s population. Aligning your content with WCAG opens the door to a massive audience that often faces barriers online. Accessible content ensures these users can interact with your brand just as easily as anyone else.

    Boost SEO

    Accessible content improves your website’s visibility. For example, alternative text for images helps search engines understand your visuals, while properly structured headings and clear navigation improve crawlability. Research shows that websites meeting accessibility standards often rank higher in search engine results, giving you an edge over competitors who overlook these guidelines.

    Enhance User Experience

    Accessibility benefits everyone—not just those with disabilities. A study by Forrester Research found that improving user experience can increase conversion rates by up to 200%. Features like video captions, clear navigation, and legible fonts make it easier for users of all abilities to engage with your content.

    Avoid Legal Risks

    Lawsuits related to digital accessibility are on the rise. In the U.S., 4,605 web accessibility lawsuits were filed under the ADA in 2023—a nearly 13% increase from the previous year. Following WCAG not only protects your brand from potential litigation but also demonstrates your commitment to inclusivity.

    Practical WCAG Tips for Content Creators

    Making your content accessible doesn’t require a complete overhaul. Small, thoughtful changes can make a huge difference. Let’s dive into some practical tips for content creators, with expanded advice to make each step actionable.

    Use Proper Headings

    Headings aren’t just for organizing your thoughts—they’re essential for accessibility. Structured headings (H1, H2, H3, etc.) create a clear hierarchy that helps all users, including those using screen readers, navigate your content easily.

    • Start with a single H1 as the main title of your page.
    • Use H2 for main sections and H3 for subsections. Avoid skipping levels (e.g., going from H1 directly to H3).
    • Write headings that are concise but descriptive. For example, “Tips for Accessible Content” is better than “Tips.”

    Properly structured headings also improve SEO by signaling the importance of your content to search engines.

    Add Alternative Text for Images

    Alternative text (alt text) describes the content of an image for users who can’t see it. This helps screen reader users and also boosts SEO by making your images searchable.

    • Be specific and relevant. Instead of “Picture of a cake,” use “A three-tiered chocolate cake with white icing and red roses.”
    • Avoid saying “Image of” or “Picture of”—screen readers already indicate it’s an image.
    • If an image is decorative and doesn’t convey critical information, use a null alt attribute (alt=" ") so screen readers can skip it.

    Alt text should fit naturally into your content, adding context without overloading users with unnecessary details.

    Color Contrast

    Color contrast is vital for users with visual impairments, such as color blindness or low vision. Text that blends into the background is difficult to read, even for users without disabilities.

    • Use a contrast ratio of at least 4.5:1 for regular text and 3:1 for large text (as per WCAG SC 1.4.3).
    • Avoid using color alone to convey meaning. For instance, instead of relying on red text to indicate an error, include a descriptive message like “Please enter a valid email address.”
    • Test your designs with online contrast checkers to ensure compliance.

    Strong contrast not only aids accessibility but also improves readability and engagement for all users.

    Choose Accessible Fonts

    The typeface you use plays a significant role in how accessible your content is. Some fonts are more legible than others, particularly for users with visual impairments or learning disabilities.

    • Opt for sans-serif fonts like Arial, Verdana, or Tahoma, which are easier to read on screens.
    • Ensure your font size is large enough—typically at least 16px for body text.
    • Avoid excessive italics or decorative fonts that may be hard to read.

    Accessible fonts contribute to a cleaner, more professional appearance that benefits all users.

    Write Descriptive Links

    Vague link text like “Click here” or “Learn more” can be confusing for screen reader users. Instead, use descriptive link text that tells users where the link will take them.

    • Good example: “Read our guide on WCAG compliance for content creators.”
    • Bad example: “Click here.”
    • Ensure links make sense out of context. Some users navigate sites by jumping between links, so each one should provide value on its own.

    Descriptive links also make your content easier to scan and improve your site’s SEO.

    Create Accessible Tables

    Tables are useful for presenting data but can become a nightmare for accessibility if not designed properly.

    • Use headers (<th> tags) for column or row titles. This helps screen readers understand the table structure.
    • Avoid merging cells or using tables for layout purposes—this confuses assistive technologies.
    • Include captions to explain the table’s purpose. For example, “Table showing monthly website traffic for 2023.”

    Accessible tables ensure your data is comprehensible for all users, not just those using traditional browsers.

    Caption Your Videos

    Video captions aren’t just helpful for people who are deaf or hard of hearing—they’re valuable for anyone in a noisy or quiet environment.

    • Include both closed captions (user-controlled) and open captions (always visible).
    • Ensure captions are synced accurately with the dialogue or sounds.
    • For additional accessibility, provide a transcript that includes all spoken words, sound effects, and meaningful visual elements.

    Well-captioned videos increase engagement, improve retention, and align with WCAG guidelines.

    Use Plain Language

    Accessible content isn’t just about design—it’s also about the words you choose. Writing in plain language ensures your content is easy to understand for a broad audience, including users with cognitive disabilities.

    • Break complex ideas into smaller, simpler sentences.
    • Define jargon or technical terms the first time they appear.
    • Use bullet points and lists to organize information clearly.

    Plain language isn’t dumbing down your content; it’s making it more approachable and impactful.

    Monitor Accessibility Regularly

    Creating accessible content isn’t a one-and-done task. Websites are dynamic, with new pages, updates, and features being added constantly. This means your accessibility efforts need regular check-ins to ensure compliance with WCAG standards. Neglecting this can leave you vulnerable to accessibility gaps, which not only alienate users but could also lead to legal risks.

    Thankfully, tools like a11y.Radar make monitoring accessibility easier and more effective. This specialized service continuously scans your site for issues, giving you a clear, actionable picture of your site’s compliance status.

    Final Thoughts

    Accessibility doesn’t have to be overwhelming, and you don’t have to tackle it alone. With WCAG as your guide and the right support, you can create content that reaches more people, performs better in search engines, and provides an exceptional user experience. But ensuring accessibility is more than a one-time effort—it’s an ongoing process.

    That’s where we come in.

    At 216digital, we specialize in making web accessibility simple and actionable for content creators just like you. Whether you’re new to WCAG or need help fine-tuning your content strategy, our ADA briefing is the perfect place to start.

    Schedule your ADA briefing today, and let us show you how to make your content accessible, impactful, and compliant—all while reaching a broader audience and safeguarding your business. Accessibility is an opportunity, and together, we can help you unlock it.

    Greg McNeil

    November 26, 2024
    WCAG Compliance
    Accessibility, Content Creators, Content Writing, SEO, WCAG, WCAG Compliance, Web Accessibility
  • A Guide to Web Accessibility Evaluation Tools

    Creating a website that works for everyone isn’t just about ticking off legal checkboxes—it’s about ensuring every visitor, regardless of ability, can navigate your site with ease and enjoy their experience. Even if you’re familiar with web accessibility, it’s easy to wonder: Have I missed anything? Are there barriers I didn’t notice?

    As digital inclusion becomes increasingly vital, ensuring your website is truly accessible is essential. So, how can you confidently create a welcoming space for all? That’s where web accessibility evaluation tools come in.

    These tools simplify the process of identifying and addressing barriers, helping you build an inclusive website while enhancing the user experience. Let’s explore how they work, why they matter, and how to choose the right one for your needs.

    What Are Web Accessibility Evaluation Tools?

    Web accessibility evaluation tools are designed to analyze websites for accessibility issues. Think of these tools as the first line of defense in identifying problems that might hinder someone with visual, auditory, or cognitive impairments from fully engaging with your content.

    These tools scan your website pinpointing issues like poor color contrast, missing alt text for images, or broken keyboard navigation. Some go further, offering continuous monitoring and integration with development workflows.

    Why Are They Important?

    Using a web accessibility evaluation tool is more than a technical step—it’s a commitment to inclusivity and compliance. Here’s why they’re indispensable:

    • WCAG Compliance: Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) standards are the backbone of digital accessibility. Tools help you identify and address non-compliance to avoid legal risks.
    • User Experience: Accessibility isn’t just for people with disabilities; it improves usability for everyone. For example, captions benefit not only those who are deaf but also people in noisy environments.
    • Boost Brand Reputation: An accessible website shows your commitment to inclusion, fostering goodwill and loyalty among your audience.
    • Legal Protection: With lawsuits over inaccessible websites on the rise, staying compliant minimizes legal vulnerabilities.

    Benefits of Using Web Accessibility Evaluation Tools

    • Efficient Issue Detection: Automated tools can scan your website in minutes, identifying accessibility barriers that might take hours to find manually.
    • Enhancing the User Journey: Accessibility issues often overlap with usability problems. Fixing these barriers creates a smoother and more enjoyable experience for all visitors.
    • Avoiding Legal Issues: Addressing accessibility gaps proactively reduces the likelihood of being targeted by lawsuits related to digital accessibility.
    • Cost-Effective Improvements: Automated tools are an affordable starting point for businesses that need to improve their websites without a major investment.
    • Sustained Accessibility: Continuous monitoring ensures your website remains accessible even as you update or expand its content.

    How to Choose the Right Accessibility Evaluation Tool

    When selecting a tool, start by asking these questions:

    • What’s my budget?
    • Do I need ongoing monitoring or a one-time scan?
    • How user-friendly does the tool need to be for my team?

    For small businesses, look for tools with simple interfaces and strong customer support. Larger organizations may need advanced features like integrations and robust reporting.One tool worth considering is Accessibility Radar (a11y.Radar), which provides real-time monitoring, actionable insights, and scalable solutions for businesses of all sizes.

    What to Look for in Web Accessibility Evaluation Tools

    Not all tools are created equal. To get the most out of a web accessibility evaluation tool, focus on these features:

    • Automated Scanning: Quickly detect common issues like missing ARIA labels or unstructured content to get a big-picture view of potential accessibility gaps.
    • Real-Time Monitoring: For frequently updated websites, real-time monitoring ensures new issues are caught as they appear. Tools like a11y.Radar  excel at providing continuous oversight.
    • Integration Options: Choose tools that integrate seamlessly with your existing systems, such as your CMS, analytics platforms, or development tools.
    • Actionable Reporting: Look for tools that provide clear, prioritized reports so your team knows where to focus their efforts.
    • Customizability: Tailor the tool to address your site’s unique needs and align with relevant accessibility standards.

    a11y.Radar ADA Monitoring 

    a11y.Radar is an automated recurring ADA web compliance auditing platform. Through our work in the trenches of the ADA web remediation space, we were able to reverse-engineer the process in which many of the prolific ADA non-compliance lawsuit firms identify their targets. We realized that the vast majority of cases are filed solely based on the results of automated scanning tools, so we developed Accessibility Radar as a hands-off method of keeping you out of their crosshairs.

    How Does a11y.Radar ADA Monitoring Work?  

    a11y.Radar ADA monitoring service reports on your ongoing accessibility efforts, whether conducted by your internal digital teams or an outside web agency. Access enhanced dashboards and receive updates to content, code, and user experience that could pose potential blocks to users or threaten your accessibility standards. In addition, our seamless interface allows your team members to view current issues and manage pending adjustments.

    Limitations of Automated Tools

    It’s important to acknowledge that even the best web accessibility evaluation tool can’t catch everything. Automated tools are great for spotting obvious issues, but they might miss nuances that only a human can detect. For example, determining whether alt text appropriately describes an image often requires human judgment.

    To bridge these gaps, combine automated tools with manual testing. This hands-on approach helps identify issues that software alone can’t catch. This means involving people—preferably those with disabilities or experts in web accessibility—in testing your website. Manual testing can uncover issues related to usability and user experience that automated tools might overlook.

    Practical Tips for Using Accessibility Tools

    • Start with an Automated Scan: Identify low-hanging fruit like fixing color contrast or adding alt text to images.
    • Prioritize Fixes: Focus on the most significant barriers affecting users, such as navigation or text readability.
    • Educate Your Team: Make sure your developers and content creators understand the tool’s insights and how to implement changes effectively.
    • Schedule Regular Checks: Accessibility is an ongoing process, not a one-time task. Use tools to monitor your site periodically.

    Make Accessibility a Priority

    Digital accessibility isn’t just a legal consideration—it’s a business advantage. By using web accessibility evaluation tools like a11y.Radar, you can identify barriers, enhance user experience, and demonstrate your commitment to inclusivity.

    Ready to take the next step toward a more accessible website? Schedule an ADA briefing with 216digital to learn how a11y.Radar can provide real-time monitoring and actionable insights tailored to your needs. Together, we’ll help you build an inclusive, user-friendly website that welcomes everyone.

    By investing in accessibility, you’re investing in your audience and building a stronger, more inclusive brand. Don’t wait—reach out to 216digital today and make your website a space where everyone feels welcome.

    Greg McNeil

    November 25, 2024
    Testing & Remediation, Web Accessibility Monitoring
    Accessibility, Accessibility monitoring, Accessibility testing, evaluation tools, Website Accessibility, Website Accessibility Tools
  • Accessible Chatbots: Breaking Barriers in Support

    Nowadays, customers have come to expect support and product help on-demand, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. It is only possible for some businesses to provide human assistance at all times – that’s where chatbots come in. These tools can be invaluable to users and business owners alike, but it’s essential to ensure that people with disabilities can gain access to the same support. Let’s explore the concept of accessible chatbots.

    Why Chatbot Accessibility Matters

    Imagine trying to resolve an urgent issue on a website, only to find the chatbot—your primary source of help—completely unusable. For many people with disabilities, this scenario is all too common.

    Accessible chatbots aren’t just about meeting legal requirements like ADA (Americans with Disabilities Act) compliance or adhering to  WCAG (Web Content Accessibility Guidelines) standards; they’re about creating a seamless experience for everyone. When designed thoughtfully, chatbots can be a powerful tool for inclusivity. But when accessibility is overlooked, they can alienate an entire segment of your audience.

    Common Barriers in AI Chatbots

    Incompatible with Screen Readers

    Many chatbots need more critical semantic HTML features like landmarks and incorrectly use HTML tags, causing a confusing or frustrating experience.

    Keyboard Navigation Failures

    Chatbots often lack keyboard support, requiring mouse clicks to open or interact. Users with disabilities rely on the ability to navigate content and functionality with alternative input methods like keyboards, voice commands, and gestures.

    Unclear or Missing Focus Indicators

    Focus indicators—the visual cues showing where a user is on a page—are often missing in chatbots. Without these, keyboard users may lose track of where they are in the conversation flow.

    Overly Complex or Jumbled Responses

    Chatbots tend to present information in long blocks of text or overly complicated formats. For users with cognitive disabilities, this can be overwhelming and hard to follow.

    Time Constraints

    Some chatbots automatically close after a period of inactivity, which can disadvantage users who need more time to read or type responses.

    Lack of Alternative Communication Options

    Chatbots often act as the sole method of contact, leaving users without alternative ways to reach support if they can’t use the chatbot.

    How to Build an Accessible Chatbot

    Making your chatbot accessible doesn’t have to be daunting. By following WCAG guidelines and implementing these best practices, you can create a more inclusive experience:

    Use Semantic HTML for Chatbot Elements

    Building an accessible chatbot does not require any specialized experience – you can apply the same general best practices to achieve accessible elements. Use the correct semantic HTML tags for each component you create, such as button or input elements.

    Here’s an example of an accessible chatbot button:

    <button aria-label="Open chatbot" id="chatbot-open-button">  
      Chat with us  
    </button>

    The aria-label ensures that screen readers convey the button’s purpose to users.

    Support Keyboard Navigation

    Your chatbot should be fully functional with just a keyboard. Test whether users can open, navigate, and interact with the chatbot using the Tab and arrow keys.

    For example, ensure focus moves logically through the chatbot interface:

    document.querySelector('#chatbot-input').focus();  

    Provide Descriptive ARIA Labels

    ARIA (Accessible Rich Internet Applications) roles and attributes can bridge gaps in accessibility, but they must be used carefully. Assign roles like aria-live to update users on dynamic content.

    <div role="alert" aria-live="polite" id="chatbot-messages">  
      Welcome! How can I assist you today?  
    </div>  

    Using aria-live ensures that screen readers announce new messages in real time.

    Design with Simplicity in Mind

    Avoid overwhelming users with large blocks of text. Break responses into smaller chunks and provide clear, concise answers.

    Allow for Adjustable Timing

    Let users control the session duration. If the chatbot times out, allow them to restart the session without losing previous messages.

    setTimeout(() => {  
      alert('The chatbot session has timed out. Click to resume.');  
    }, 300000);   

    Include Accessible Focus Indicators

    Make sure users can see which element is currently focused. Use CSS to style focus indicators:

    button:focus {  
      outline: 2px solid #005fcc;  
      outline-offset: 2px;  
    }  

    Provide Alternatives to Chatbots

    Not everyone can—or wants to—use a chatbot. Always include alternative ways to contact your business, like email or phone.

    Testing Chatbot Accessibility

    Testing is critical for identifying and fixing accessibility issues. Here are some methods to ensure your chatbot meets accessibility standards:

    Manual Testing with Screen Readers

    Test the chatbot using screen readers like NVDA or JAWS. Check if labels, navigation, and dynamic updates work as intended.

    Keyboard Navigation Tests

    Navigate the entire chatbot interface using only a keyboard. Make sure the focus moves logically, and that all interactions are possible.

    Automated Tools

    Use tools like Lighthouse to identify accessibility issues in your chatbot’s code.

    User Feedback

    Invite users with disabilities to test the chatbot and provide feedback. Their real-world experiences will highlight areas you may have missed.

    Meeting WCAG Standards for Chatbots

    The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) provide a roadmap for making chatbots more inclusive. Key criteria to consider include:

    • 1.3.1: Info and Relationships
    • Ensure that chatbot components are semantically structured and that relationships between elements are apparent.
    • 2.1.1: Keyboard Accessibility
    • All chatbot functions must be accessible via keyboard.
    • 2.4.7: Focus Visible
    • Ensure users can see where they are within the chatbot interface.
    • 4.1.2: Name, Role, Value
    • Use ARIA roles and labels to make interactive elements understandable to assistive technologies.

    Wrapping Up

    All the functionality on your website is helpful in some way to your users, or else you wouldn’t include it on your site. All functionality on your website should be accessible to everyone, especially chatbots.

    Remember to test your chatbot with screen readers, ensure keyboard compatibility, and always provide alternative ways to connect. Inclusive design benefits your business by reaching a broader audience and creating a better user experience for all.

    If you’re unsure if your chatbot is accessible to everyone, reach out to 216digital using the contact form below.

    Greg McNeil

    November 22, 2024
    How-to Guides
    Accessibility, Chatbots, web developers, web development, Website Accessibility
  • Skip Links: Improve Web Accessibility & Navigation

    More and more, digital accessibility has become a major talking point when browsing the web. One of the key components that improve accessibility for users with disabilities is something many users might not even notice: skip links.

    These simple yet powerful tools can make a huge difference in the web experience for individuals relying on keyboard-only interaction, screen readers, or other assistive technologies. In this article, we’ll explore the importance of skip links, their technical mechanics, and how you can implement them effectively on your website.

    What Are Skip Links and Why Are They Important?

    Skip links are navigational links that allow users to skip over repetitive content such as headers, navigation menus, or other elements they’ve already seen. For users relying on assistive technologies like screen readers, keyboard navigation, or switch devices, skip links enable them to jump directly to the main content of the page.

    When navigating a website using a keyboard (by pressing the Tab key), users typically encounter all of the page’s links and elements in a set order. This often means they have to cycle through the same menus, headers, and other repetitive content every time they visit a new page or reload an existing one. Skip links solve this problem by providing an easy way to bypass these elements, saving time and frustration for those who need alternative navigation methods.

    For example, imagine you’re using a screen reader to navigate a website. Without skip links, you might be forced to listen to the same navigation menu and header over and over again, even though you’re only trying to get to the main body of the page. Skip links allow you to bypass this content, going straight to the part of the page you want.

    The Key Benefits of Skip Links

    Improved Navigation for Keyboard-Only Users

    Many people with disabilities, including those with limited mobility or dexterity, use keyboards or alternative input devices to navigate the web. Skip links let users quickly navigate to the main content, bypassing headers, footers, and menus that they may have already accessed.

    Enhanced Experience for Screen Reader Users

    Screen readers announce every element on a webpage in the order they are tabbed through. Without skip links, users would have to hear the same menus and links repeatedly, making navigation time-consuming and tedious. Skip links streamline the experience by providing a shortcut to the main content.

    Better Usability for Assistive Technologies

    Skip links are a simple yet effective tool that benefits various assistive technologies, enhancing the overall usability of your website for a wide range of users.

    Increased Accessibility Compliance

    Many countries and regions have laws requiring websites to be accessible. For example, in the United States, the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) mandates that websites must be accessible to all users, including those with disabilities. Implementing skip links helps ensure your website is compliant with accessibility guidelines like Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG).

    How Do Skip Links Work?

    Skip links work by creating a link that, when activated, allows the user to bypass parts of the webpage and move directly to a more relevant section. These links are typically placed at the top of the page, visible only when the user navigates using the keyboard (by pressing the Tab key). The link itself usually says something like “Skip to main content,” “Skip to navigation,” or “Skip to footer,” depending on which section the user wants to bypass.

    The Technical Mechanics of Skip Links

    To create a skip link, you use basic HTML along with some helpful attributes to control the behavior and accessibility of the link. Here’s an overview of the technical aspects of skip links:

    HTML Structure with <a href> Tags

    The primary way to implement skip links is with the <a> (anchor) tag, which creates hyperlinks. These links should point to specific elements within the webpage, often with id attributes to mark the sections users can skip to.

    tabindex Attribute

    The tabindex attribute is used to control the tab order of elements. By default, links and form controls are included in the tab order. However, for skip links to work properly, they need to be made focusable before other content is tabbed through.

    aria-label and aria-hidden Attributes

    The aria-label attribute can be used to provide screen readers with a more descriptive label for the skip link. For example, you can use it to define a more readable label like “Skip to main content,” ensuring that screen readers announce the skip link’s purpose clearly. On the other hand, the aria-hidden attribute can be used to hide elements from assistive technologies when needed.

    A Simple Skip Link Example

    Here’s a simple HTML example of a skip link that allows users to skip directly to the main content of a webpage:

    <a href="#main-content" class="skip-link" tabindex="0" aria-label="Skip to main content">Skip to main content</a>
    <header>
    <nav> <!-- Navigation Links --> </nav>
    </header>
    <main id="main-content">
    <h1>Welcome to Our Website</h1>
    <p>This is the main content of the page...</p>
    </main>

    In this example:

    • The skip link (<a href="#main-content">) is placed at the top of the page and links to the main-content section identified by the id="main-content".
    • The tabindex="0" ensures that the skip link is focusable and can be reached when using the Tab key.
    • The aria-label="Skip to main content" helps screen reader users understand what the link does.

    Styling Skip Links

    While skip links are crucial for accessibility, they’re not always visually appealing by default. To make skip links blend in with your design, you’ll likely want to hide them until they’re needed and style them for better usability. Here’s how you can style skip links using CSS:

    .skip-link {
    position: absolute;
    top: -40px; /* Hide the link off-screen */
    left: 0;
    background-color: #000;
    color: #fff;
    padding: 10px;
    z-index: 100;
    }
    .skip-link:focus {
    top: 10px; /* Bring the link into view when focused */
    }

    In this example:

    • The .skip-link class hides the skip link off-screen with top: -40px until it’s needed.
    • When the link is focused (i.e., when the user tabs to it), it becomes visible by setting top: 10px.
    • You can customize the background color, text color, padding, and positioning to match your website’s design.

    JavaScript for Enhanced Skip Link Functionality

    In some cases, you may want to enhance the behavior of your skip link using JavaScript. For example, you might want to automatically focus the main content once the skip link is activated. Here’s how you can do that:

    document.querySelector('.skip-link').addEventListener('click', function(e) {
    e.preventDefault();
    document.querySelector('#main-content').focus();
    });

    This script listens for a click on the skip link and prevents the default action (i.e., jumping to the href target). Instead, it uses JavaScript to focus on the main content section, making it even easier for users to access.

    Testing Skip Links for Accessibility

    Once you’ve implemented skip links, it’s essential to test them to ensure they’re working as expected. Here are a few key tips for testing your skip links:

    1. Keyboard Navigation: Use the Tab key to cycle through the elements on your page. Ensure the skip link is the first item that can be focused and that it jumps you to the main content.
    2. Screen Reader Testing: Test your skip links with a screen reader (such as NVDA or VoiceOver) to ensure the skip links are announced correctly and work as expected.
    3. Cross-Browser Compatibility: Make sure your skip links work across different browsers and devices. Some older browsers might have quirks that affect the behavior of tabindex or CSS styling, so testing across multiple platforms is critical.
    4. Accessibility Tools: Use automated accessibility tools like Lighthouse to check for accessibility issues on your website. These tools can help identify missing or misused attributes related to skip links.

    Challenges with Skip Links

    While skip links are an essential tool for accessibility, there are some challenges you might encounter when implementing them:

    • Browser Inconsistencies: Different browsers and devices may render skip links or handle focus management differently. It’s important to test across various platforms to ensure consistent behavior.
    • Visibility and Styling: Skip links should be visible when needed but unobtrusive when not. Ensuring they are easily accessible but don’t clutter the design can require some careful styling.
    • Managing Focus Order: If your page has dynamic content (like modals or sticky headers), you may need to adjust the focus order or ensure that skip links still work as expected when these elements are present.

    Skip Ahead to Success

    Skip links are a simple but vital tool in improving the accessibility of your website. They help keyboard-only users, screen reader users, and others navigate your site more efficiently by skipping over repetitive content and jumping straight to the main sections of the page. By implementing skip links with proper HTML, CSS, and JavaScript, you can enhance the user experience for a wider audience, making your site more inclusive and accessible.

    If you’re ready to make your website ADA-compliant and accessible to everyone, schedule an ADA briefing with 216digital. Our team of experts will walk you through the process, address any questions, and help you create an inclusive, compliant, and user-friendly web experience. Don’t wait—take the first step toward a more accessible digital presence today.

    Greg McNeil

    November 21, 2024
    How-to Guides
    Accessibility, How-to, skip link, Web Accessibility, web developers, web development
  • How Accessibility Widgets Can Put Businesses at Risk

    Web-accessibility overlays, also known as accessibility widgets, promise an easy, one-click solution to achieving compliance with web-accessibility standards like the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG). These widgets often claim to make websites instantly accessible to people with disabilities while shielding businesses from legal action.

    However, this promise is often too good to be true. Overlays have significant limitations, and relying solely on them can expose businesses to legal, reputational, and financial risks. This article will explore why overlays fall short, the dangers of assuming they are sufficient, and why companies need a more comprehensive approach to web-accessibility.

    What Are Website Accessibility Overlays?

    Accessibility overlays are third-party tools or scripts integrated into a website. They offer text resizing, color contrast adjustments, screen reader compatibility, and keyboard navigation. For businesses seeking quick solutions, these widgets appear convenient and cost-effective.

    Yet, accessibility experts and advocacy groups frequently criticize overlays for failing to address core accessibility issues. Many users with disabilities report that these tools do not work as advertised and often create more barriers than they remove.

    Legal Risks of Accessibility Overlays

    The legal landscape surrounding web-accessibility has become increasingly complex. Businesses in the United States are required to provide equal access under laws like the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and, in some cases, the Rehabilitation Act. Non-compliance can result in lawsuits, financial penalties, and settlement costs.

    Here’s how overlays contribute to legal risks:

    False Sense of Compliance

    Overlays often give businesses a false sense of security by claiming compliance with WCAG standards. However, these widgets rarely fix underlying issues in the website’s code, which is the root of most accessibility barriers.

    Courts have consistently ruled that overlays are not a substitute for full compliance. For example, in cases like Robles v. Domino’s Pizza, the courts emphasized that businesses must address accessibility holistically, not rely on third-party fixes.

    Increased Legal Vulnerability

    Recent lawsuits have specifically targeted companies that rely on overlays. Plaintiffs argue that these tools fail to provide meaningful access and do not meet legal standards. Businesses using overlays can face repeat litigation from multiple plaintiffs or “copycat” lawsuits.

    Misleading Claims

    Overlays that advertise themselves as ADA-compliant solutions may expose businesses to additional liability under consumer protection laws for misleading claims.

    Reputational Risks of Accessibility Overlays

    In today’s socially conscious marketplace, accessibility is not just a legal requirement but a moral and ethical imperative. Failing to address accessibility authentically can damage a business’s reputation.

    Negative Feedback from Users

    Many individuals with disabilities report that overlays interfere with assistive technologies like screen readers and fail to improve their browsing experience. Frustrated users often take to social media to share their negative experiences, leading to bad publicity.

    Advocacy Group Backlash

    Disability advocacy groups are increasingly vocal about the ineffectiveness of overlays. A public campaign against a company for using a widget as a “quick fix” can tarnish its brand and alienate customers who value inclusivity.

    Erosion of Trust

    Businesses relying on overlays signal a lack of commitment to genuine accessibility. This can lead to diminished trust among consumers, especially in industries like retail, education, and healthcare, where accessibility expectations are high.

    Financial Risks of Accessibility Overlays

    The financial consequences of relying on accessibility overlays extend beyond potential lawsuits. They can lead to hidden costs that outweigh their initial affordability.

    Recurring Costs Without Long-Term Benefits

    Overlays typically operate on a subscription model, requiring ongoing payments. Despite these recurring costs, they fail to deliver permanent solutions, forcing businesses to invest in comprehensive remediation eventually.

    Cost of Legal Defense

    Defending against accessibility lawsuits is costly, even if a case doesn’t reach trial. Businesses relying on overlays may face higher legal expenses due to their inability to demonstrate genuine efforts toward compliance.

    Lost Revenue from Alienated Customers

    Accessibility barriers can drive away potential customers, especially in e-commerce. An inaccessible website limits the purchasing power of individuals with disabilities, who collectively control over $490 billion in disposable income in the United States alone.

    The Limitations of Accessibility Overlays

    Accessibility overlays are inherently limited because they address only surface-level issues. They do not fix the underlying structural problems in a website’s code. Key limitations include:

    • Incompatibility with Assistive Technology: Many widgets fail to work seamlessly with screen readers, keyboard navigation, or voice recognition software.
    • Partial Coverage: Overlays often address only a narrow set of accessibility issues, leaving gaps that continue to exclude users with disabilities.
    • Unintended Consequences: Some overlays introduce new barriers, such as excessive pop-ups, poor usability, or errors that disrupt the browsing experience.

    These limitations highlight why overlays cannot replace a robust accessibility strategy.

    A More Authentic Approach to Web-Accessibility

    To truly achieve accessibility, businesses must move beyond quick fixes and invest in comprehensive, authentic solutions. A holistic approach includes:

    Accessibility Audits

    Conducting thorough manual and automated audits to identify all accessibility barriers on a website. An audit provides a clear roadmap for remediation.

    Remediation of Core Issues

    Fixing the underlying code to ensure compliance with WCAG standards. This involves addressing issues like semantic HTML, proper labeling of forms, and ensuring content is perceivable, operable, understandable, and robust (POUR principles).

    Ongoing Maintenance

    Accessibility is not a one-time project. Regular updates, testing, and monitoring ensure that websites remain compliant as technology evolves.

    User-Centered Design

    Involving users with disabilities in the design and testing process ensures that solutions meet real-world needs.

    Expert Partnerships

    Partnering with accessibility experts helps businesses navigate complex legal requirements and implement effective solutions. Services like 216digital’s a11y.Radar provides ongoing monitoring to maintain compliance and reduce the risk of lawsuits.

    Why Businesses Should Avoid the Widget Trap

    While accessibility overlays may seem like a quick fix, their limitations and associated risks make them a poor choice for businesses serious about accessibility. A genuine commitment to accessibility requires addressing the root causes of inaccessibility, not just the symptoms.

    Schedule an ADA Briefing with 216digital

    If you’re ready to move beyond widgets and take meaningful steps toward true web-accessibility, schedule an ADA briefing with 216digital. Our team of experts will guide you through understanding accessibility standards, identifying areas for improvement, and implementing solutions tailored to your business. With tools like our a11y.Radar service for ongoing monitoring, we’ll help ensure that your website not only meets compliance requirements but also provides a user-friendly experience for everyone.

    By investing in a robust and authentic approach, businesses can avoid the legal, reputational, and financial pitfalls of relying on overlays. More importantly, they can create an inclusive digital experience that serves all users, regardless of ability.

    Greg McNeil

    November 20, 2024
    Legal Compliance
    Accessibility, ADA Compliance, Overlay, Overlay widgets, Website Accessibility, Widgets
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