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  • Is Accessibility in Your Marketing the Missing Link?

    Is Accessibility in Your Marketing the Missing Link?

    Marketers love to talk about connection—finding that message, tone, or moment that really lands. Yet for years, accessibility sat on the sidelines. It was something teams circled back to after launch, if they got to it at all.

    But bringing accessibility into the creative process from the start changes that. It refines ideas, sharpens the message, and makes the experience easier to use. Reach grows not by pushing harder, but by removing the barriers that hold people back.

    Most of us weren’t taught to work this way, and that’s understandable—marketing has often moved faster than the systems built to support it. But that’s beginning to change. This article explores how accessibility in marketing is reshaping the creative process itself—and how embracing it can make our work not only more inclusive, but more effective and enduring.

    Why Accessibility Belongs in Your Marketing Roadmap

    Accessibility isn’t a new idea, but it’s finally being recognized as a core part of communication strategy. One in five adults lives with a disability that affects how they engage online. When we design with those experiences in mind, we don’t just improve access—we improve clarity, usability, and trust for everyone.

    The Business Case for Accessibility

    Accessibility pays off in ways that are both practical and measurable:

    • Wider reach: When more people can access your content, your audience grows naturally.
    • Stronger SEO: Structured headings, alt text, and transcripts help search engines—and people—understand your message.
    • Higher engagement: Clear layouts, legible text, and captioned videos make it easier to stay connected.
    • Better retention: Usable design keeps people from bouncing away in frustration.
    • More trust: When users feel considered, they’re more likely to return and recommend.

    The Risk of Leaving Accessibility Out

    Ignoring accessibility comes with its own set of costs. Legal frameworks like the ADA and WCAG continue to expand, but reputation often carries the higher stakes. Inaccessibility doesn’t just cause frustration—it signals that some users weren’t considered. Building inclusivity into your work helps prevent that, and it strengthens credibility over the long term.

    Understanding why accessibility matters is only half the story. The next step is making it part of how your team actually works—building it into everyday processes so it becomes second nature.

    Building Accessibility into Your Marketing Workflow

    You don’t need to overhaul your entire process to make it accessible—you just need to integrate it into the one you already have. Accessibility works best when it’s treated as a mindset that travels through every stage of a project.

    Start Early

    Bring accessibility into the conversation from the first meeting. Talk about things like contrast, reading level, captions, and structure while you’re still shaping creative direction. When inclusion is part of the plan from the start, it stops feeling like a post-production fix.

    Create Together

    Accessibility thrives when everyone contributes:

    • Writers can use plain, active language and clear CTAs that describe the next step.
    • Designers can choose accessible color palettes, scale type properly, and maintain consistent structure.
    • Developers can ensure forms, buttons, and navigation work for keyboard users and assistive technologies.

    When every role takes ownership, accessibility becomes a shared value rather than a box someone else has to check.

    Test Before Launch

    Automation helps, but people matter more. Run your pages or campaigns through accessibility tools like WAVE or Lighthouse, then do a manual pass. Navigate with a keyboard, listen to your content through a screen reader, and check if the flow feels intuitive.

    Maintain a short, clear accessibility guide that lives where your team works. It doesn’t need to be heavy-handed—just a practical reminder of how to write alt text, structure headings, or format captions consistently.

    Where Accessibility in Marketing Matters Most

    Website

    Your website is your primary channel—and often the first impression of your brand’s care for its audience.

    • Keep headings structured (H1–H6) for both readability and SEO.
    • Use descriptive alt text that communicates meaning, not just appearance.
    • Maintain color contrast ratios of at least 4.5:1.
    • Label form fields clearly, and include helpful error messages that explain what went wrong.
    • Make sure interactive elements like sliders and pop-ups are keyboard-friendly.

    Email and Newsletter

    Email accessibility keeps your content inclusive across devices and inboxes.

    • Use responsive templates that stay readable up to 200% zoom.
    • Keep essential information in text, not images.
    • Write subject lines that are short, descriptive, and easy for screen readers to interpret.
    • Include a plain-text version of every email for those who need or prefer it.

    Social Media

    Accessibility on social media helps your message reach everyone—without changing your tone or style.

    • Use CamelCase for hashtags (#AccessibleMarketing).
    • Add alt text to images and captions to videos.
    • Limit emoji use and place them at the end of sentences.
    • Avoid stylized fonts that break accessibility tools.

    Each platform has its nuances—alt text on Instagram, captions on TikTok, numbered threads on X (Twitter)—but the principle remains the same: good communication should never rely on one sense alone.

    Designing for Comfort and Clarity

    No matter where your campaigns live—web, email, or social—good design ties it all together.

    Accessible design isn’t about restraint—it’s about intention. Every design choice shapes how someone experiences your message.

    • Plain language makes ideas easier to follow without losing personality.
    • Descriptive links replace uncertainty with confidence.
    • Predictable structure creates a sense of ease and familiarity.
    • Accessible visuals ensure infographics and charts aren’t barriers.
    • Visible focus indicators and balanced contrast guide users naturally through the experience.

    When accessibility becomes part of your creative language, the result feels more human—not less artistic.

    Testing and Improving Accessibility

    Accessibility testing is less about perfection and more about awareness. Run quick automated checks to catch common errors, then explore your content as your users would. Can you navigate without a mouse? Does the text hold up when zoomed in? Does the order make sense when read aloud?

    Invite people with disabilities to test your work when possible. Their lived experiences surface the details that automation can’t. Over time, track metrics like caption coverage, alt text completion, and user feedback. Accessibility can be measured—and it can show real progress.

    Keeping Accessibility in Motion

    Accessibility isn’t a one-time effort. It’s a practice that builds momentum through consistency.

    • Schedule quarterly accessibility reviews for your highest-traffic content.
    • Include accessibility checkpoints in every project template.
    • Offer short, focused training sessions across writing, design, and development teams.
    • Ask vendors and partners to share their accessibility documentation and compliance statements.

    When accessibility becomes a shared responsibility, it naturally integrates into the way your team works.

    Measuring What Matters

    You’ll know accessibility is working when the results start showing up in familiar metrics:

    • Engagement improves as more users interact with your content.
    • Visibility rises through better SEO and structured content.
    • Trust strengthens because your brand feels more considerate and reliable.
    • Risk decreases because accessibility is built in—not retrofitted later.

    Accessibility in marketing doesn’t slow creativity—it sharpens it. It makes every campaign perform better because it’s built for everyone from the start.

    Accessibility as Ongoing Momentum

    Every caption written, every alt tag added, every clear headline or color contrast adjustment is a step toward a better experience for your audience.

    When accessibility is built into your creative process, your marketing becomes more durable, adaptable, and human. It’s not a trend—it’s a reflection of what good communication has always been about: connecting with people in a way that feels effortless and authentic.

    If you’re ready to take the next step, consider scheduling an ADA briefing with 216digital. Our team helps organizations identify accessibility barriers and plan remediation strategies that make their websites and marketing more usable for everyone.

    Greg McNeil

    October 16, 2025
    How-to Guides
    Accessibility, Digital Marketing, How-to, Marketing, Web Accessibility, Website Accessibility
  • How to Create Accessible Dialogs and Modals

    How to Create Accessible Dialogs and Modals

    You’ve probably clicked a button that suddenly stopped everything — a pop-up asking, “Are you sure?”Or maybe you’ve seen a small info box appear off to the side — helpful, but never in the way. Both are dialogs, designed to grab attention in different ways.

    Used well, dialogs create clarity and focus. Used poorly, they interrupt, confuse, and make people feel stuck.

    The HTML <dialog> element makes these patterns easier to build than ever before. But accessibility isn’t built into the code — it comes from the decisions you make around it. The choice between a modal and a non-modal dialog affects more than layout. It shapes how people experience trust, control, and flow within your interface.

    This guide looks at when to use each and how to design accessible dialogs that feel natural, respectful, and human-centered — helping everyone move forward with confidence.

    Modals vs. Dialogs: Key Differences and Use Cases

    Every dialog creates a moment — a small pause in the user’s flow. Some moments need all of a person’s attention; others just need to offer quiet support in the background. The real skill lies in knowing which one your design calls for.

    What’s the Difference?

    A modal dialog asks users to stop what they’re doing and make a choice before continuing. When opened with showModal(), it locks focus inside and disables the rest of the interface. That’s not a flaw — it’s intentional. Modals are meant to protect important steps: confirming a deletion, submitting a form, or saving something that can’t be undone.

    A non-modal dialog, opened with show(), works alongside the main content. It might appear as a sidebar, filter panel, or help window — something that adds clarity without breaking the user’s rhythm. The rest of the page stays usable, giving people control over how and when to engage.

    Both patterns have value. The difference isn’t technical — it’s about the kind of experience you want to create. Modals demand attention. Non-modals share it.

    When to Use Each

    Modal DialogsNon-Modal Dialogs
    Confirming destructive or irreversible actionsProviding optional settings or filters
    Displaying critical warnings or alertsShowing help text or guidance
    Collecting essential information, like passwords or paymentsOffering contextual tools that enhance workflow
    Presenting legal or security confirmationsSharing reference information while users continue working

    Advantages and Drawbacks

    TypeAdvantagesDrawbacks
    Modal Dialogs• Keeps users focused on what matters most.
    • Prevents data loss or accidental actions.
    • Creates clear decision points.
    • Makes sure critical alerts are seen.    		• Interrupts workflow and momentum.
    • Can frustrate or confuse if overused.
    • Requires careful focus handling for accessibility.
    Non-Modal Dialogs• Supports multitasking and flow.
    • Reduces cognitive strain by giving users control.
    • Feels less intrusive and more flexible.    		• Important details might go unnoticed.
    • Not ideal for high-stakes actions.
    • Can clutter layouts if poorly managed.

    Choosing the Right Type

    When deciding between the two, ask yourself:

    Does this moment need to stop the user, or simply guide them?

    • Use  modals when you need someone to confirm, commit, or acknowledge something before moving on.
    • Choose non-modals when the goal is to assist or inform without interrupting their process.

    Both serve accessibility — just in different ways. A well-timed modal can prevent errors. A well-designed non-modal can preserve flow. The goal isn’t to eliminate interruptions altogether, but to make every one of them intentional.

    Accessible dialog design starts with empathy. Think about how people move through your interface — how they regain focus, how they understand what just appeared, and how much control they still have. When you build from that mindset, you’re not just meeting standards. You’re respecting your users’ attention, time, and agency.

    Building Accessible Dialogs: From Code to Experience

    Creating accessible dialogs isn’t about adding extra layers of code — it’s about protecting clarity and ease of use. The HTML <dialog> element already gives you a strong starting point. What you do next determines whether the experience feels effortless or confusing.

    Start with Solid HTML

    HTML gives you two built-in paths:

    showModal() creates a modal dialog.
    show() creates a non-modal dialog.

    Both handle basic focus and background behavior automatically. From there, it’s all about refinement.


    Always include a clear, labeled close button — and make sure it returns focus to the element that opened it.

    <button id="close-dialog">Close</button>
<script>
  document.querySelector('#close-dialog')
    .addEventListener('click', () => myDialog.close());
</script>

    It’s a small step, but it reinforces something bigger: giving users control — the foundation of every accessible experience.

    Label Everything Clearly

    Assistive technology depends on structure that makes sense. Every dialog should announce what it is, why it’s there, and how to leave it.

    <dialog aria-labelledby="dialog-title" aria-describedby="dialog-desc">
  <h2 id="dialog-title">Confirm Action</h2>
  <p id="dialog-desc">This will permanently delete the record.</p>
</dialog>

    If it’s an urgent message, add role="alertdialog" so screen readers read it immediately. Otherwise, keep the default role and double-check that:

    • The title and description are linked with aria-labelledby and aria-describedby.
    • The close button is labeled with text, not just an icon.
    • Focus moves logically when the dialog opens and closes.

    When these pieces work together, the dialog doesn’t just appear — it communicates clearly, with purpose and respect.

    Keep Focus on Track

    Focus is where accessibility either shines or breaks.

    When a dialog opens, the user’s focus should land directly inside it. When it closes, focus should return to the element that triggered it.

    dialog.addEventListener('close', () => trigger.focus());

    A few extra checks help keep that flow intact:

    • Tab and Shift+Tab should only move through active elements inside the dialog.
    • Escape should always close it.
    • Every interactive element should have a visible focus indicator.

    If you’ve ever been trapped inside a modal with no way out, you already know why this matters. Freedom of movement — even within a small overlay — is core to accessibility.

    Prevent Background Scrolling

    When a modal appears, the world behind it should stay still.
    Allowing the background to scroll while a dialog is open can disorient users, especially those relying on visual context or assistive technology.

    A simple CSS rule can make all the difference:

    body.modal-open {
  overflow: hidden;
}

    Toggle that class when opening and closing the dialog. It’s a subtle fix that steadies the visual environment and prevents confusion — small detail, meaningful improvement.

    Design for Visual Calm

    Accessibility isn’t only technical — it’s visual. A dialog should direct attention, not demand it.

    Use gentle layering, thoughtful contrast, and spacing that feels natural.

    dialog::backdrop {
  background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.65);
}

    Follow WCAG contrast guidelines:

    • 4.5:1 for normal text
    • 3:1 for large text

    Soft shadows, calm edges, and balanced spacing help users focus on content without feeling overwhelmed. A well-designed dialog doesn’t shout — it invites. It says, “Look here, when you’re ready.”

    That’s what visual accessibility feels like — respectful, intentional, and human.

    Best Practices for Accessible Dialogs

    Accessibility isn’t just about getting the mechanics right — it’s about how the experience feels. These best practices go beyond compliance to help you design accessible dialogs that feel considerate, consistent, and calm.

    1. Keep Users Oriented

    People should always know where they are. On larger screens, let a touch of the background remain visible so the dialog feels connected to the page. On mobile, a full-width layout often works better for readability and touch targets.

    It’s about maintaining orientation — helping users feel connected to where they are, not suddenly somewhere else. When context stays visible, confidence follows.

    2. Offer Multiple Ways Out

    A good dialog respects autonomy. There should never be a sense of being trapped.

    Include a clearly labeled “Close” button, let the Escape key work naturally, and if clicking outside dismisses the dialog, make sure screen readers announce that it closed.

    The best dialogs don’t just let people leave — they make that exit easy to find, every time.

    3. Use Restraint with Motion

    Animation should support, not distract. Avoid heavy fades, blurs, or large shifts that feel like the page vanished.

    A dialog should feel like a step forward, not a teleport. Subtle transitions — a soft fade or gentle scale — help users stay oriented and avoid triggering motion sensitivity.

    If it feels smooth and steady, you’re doing it right.

    4. Test Like a Real User

    Once the dialog looks good, use it the way your audience will.

    •  Try it with only a keyboard.
    •  Run it with NVDA or VoiceOver.
    •  Zoom in to 200% and see if anything disappears or becomes unreadable.

    If something feels clunky or confusing, it is. Real testing turns assumptions into insight — and that’s where true accessibility takes shape.

    5. Respect Timing and Intent

    Never open modals automatically or stack several in a row. Give people time to think, act, and close things at their own pace.

    Accessibility is as much about emotional comfort as it is about usability. Respecting timing and intent helps users feel calm and in control. That’s what good design does — it builds trust through patience.

    Accessibility Beyond the Dialog

    Dialogs and modals are moments of conversation between your site and your users. When they’re done right, they help people act confidently and stay in flow. When they’re not, they create friction and fatigue.

    The best accessible dialogs are quiet — they guide without getting in the way. They respect focus, timing, and attention so users never have to think about accessibility; it’s already part of the experience.

    At 216digital, we see accessibility as communication done right — designing in a way that includes everyone from the start. If your team is ready to move beyond checklists and create digital experiences that truly connect, schedule an ADA briefing with us today. Together, we’ll make accessibility a natural, lasting part of how your organization grows.

    Greg McNeil

    October 15, 2025
    How-to Guides
    Accessibility, accessible dialogs, How-to, web developers, web development
  • Can a Command Line Be Accessible by Design?

    Can a Command Line Be Accessible by Design?

    If you’ve spent any time in development, you know the command line is where things get real. It’s efficient, fast, and—let’s be honest—satisfying. That single blinking cursor has powered decades of progress. From deploying servers to pushing commits, the command line is still where we get work done.

    But for all its simplicity, it isn’t always as accessible as it seems. Yes, it’s text-based. Yes, it’s keyboard-driven. Yet those strengths can be deceiving. For developers who rely on screen readers or braille displays, a CLI’s clean look can hide a mess of barriers: missing structure, unreadable tables, spinning animations that never speak.

    Accessibility isn’t just a web problem—it’s a design principle. When a command line is an accessible CLI, it becomes what it’s always meant to be: a tool for everyone to build, create, and solve problems efficiently.

    Why Accessibility Still Matters in the Command Line

    A 2021 study by Google researchers Harini Sampath, Alice Merrick, and Andrew Macvean took a closer look at command-line accessibility for developers with visual impairments. What they found might surprise you: CLIs, for all their strengths, are far from friction-free.

    Participants could technically complete tasks—but it took significantly more effort, time, and patience than expected. The issue wasn’t skill. It was design. CLIs are, by nature, streams of text with no built-in structure for assistive technology to interpret. There are no headings, no semantic anchors, no easy ways to navigate.

    One developer summed it up perfectly: the CLI “works, but it’s tiring.” Most found themselves building workarounds—copying output into Notepad, exporting text to a browser, or writing custom scripts to make data readable.

    And that’s really the heart of it: accessibility isn’t just about whether something can be used. It’s about whether it can be used well. That’s where building an accessible CLI from the start changes everything.

    Where the Command Line Trips Up—and How to Fix It

    The study’s findings highlight some clear patterns that every CLI developer can learn from. None of them require reinventing the wheel; they just ask for intention.

    1. Structure Matters More Than You Think

    We tend to think of text as automatically accessible—but not all text is equal. The command line outputs everything as flat strings. There’s no hierarchy, no markup, and no way for screen readers to interpret context.

    Take man pages. They look structured, with headings and sections, but to a screen reader they’re just one long stream. Users can’t jump between sections or skim efficiently. Many developers in the study said they avoid man pages entirely and rely on web docs instead.

    A simple solution? Offer structure where it’s missing:

    • Provide HTML or Markdown versions of documentation.
    • Add export options (--help-html, --manual-online).
    • Allow users to format output as CSV or JSON for easy navigation.

    A truly accessible CLI doesn’t stop at giving you data—it gives you data you can navigate.

    2. Tables and Long Outputs Need Rethinking

    Tables are a classic offender. They look organized, but they’re actually just rows of text spaced apart. For a screen reader, that structure disappears. Developers have to mentally map where each number belongs, remembering what every column represents.

    That’s not accessibility—that’s endurance.

    Better approaches include:

    • A --flat or --no-table flag to simplify output.
    • Options to export to structured formats (--output=csv, --output=json).
    • Including clear, readable headers for every data point.

    And for those endless command outputs? Let users redirect text to a file automatically (--export, --logfile, --view-html). Searching or filtering shouldn’t require stepping out of accessibility tools just to get the job done.

    These simple changes turn a good CLI into a genuinely accessible CLI—one that respects how different users interact with information.

    3. Feedback Should Be Informative—Not Decorative

    Developers love a good spinner or progress bar. But when screen readers encounter those fancy progress indicators, they usually read something like “dot dot dot dot fail.”

    In Google’s study, one developer said it best: “I could tell something was happening, but I didn’t know what.”

    Instead of simulating motion, communicate progress with plain, descriptive text:

    “Deploying container… 50% complete.”

    “Success: VM created.”

    And always give users an escape hatch: flags like --no-animation or --static-output keep feedback clean without slowing anyone down. A smart, accessible CLI never assumes sight is the only way to know something’s working.

    4. Make Error Messages Clear and Human

    If you’ve ever seen a CLI error filled with regex syntax, you can imagine how that sounds when read aloud: “left bracket A dash Z right bracket…”? Not exactly clear.

    Error messages in the study were one of the most common frustrations. Developers spent hours debugging issues that could’ve been solved with one plain-language sentence.

    Here’s the fix:

    • Describe what happened, not just what failed.
    • Offer actionable next steps.
    • Keep symbols and regex out of default messages—reserve them for verbose or debug modes.

    The goal isn’t to oversimplify; it’s to make sure the message is usable by everyone who reads—or hears—it.

    Practical Guidelines for Designing an Accessible CLI

    The study concludes with recommendations that align perfectly with inclusive design best practices. 

    Here’s how to apply them in your next CLI project:

    1. Provide HTML versions of documentation: Treat --help and man outputs as summaries, not full references.
    2. Let users export long outputs: Make it easy to redirect results to text, HTML, or CSV.
    3. Document output structures: Explain what your CLI prints before users run it—help them form a mental model.
    4. Make tables convertible: Offer ways to flatten or export tabular data for screen reader compatibility.
    5. Always include progress and status updates: Never assume silence equals success.
    6. Use progress indicators that read correctly: ASCII art may look fun, but it sounds like noise.
    7. Write error messages that are understandable aloud: Avoid shorthand or syntax that doesn’t translate when spoken.

    An accessible CLI isn’t a niche feature—it’s a sign of thoughtful engineering.

    Start Where Developers Live: The CLI

    Here’s the takeaway: accessibility isn’t a bonus; it’s good design. The same features that help someone using a screen reader—structured data, consistent output, clear feedback—help everyone who uses your tool. They make automation cleaner, logs easier to parse, and development faster.

    Most importantly, they remove the unnecessary friction that holds good developers back.

    At 216digital, we see accessibility as the foundation of quality, not the final coat of paint. Whether it’s your website, software, or CLI, inclusive design starts with asking a simple question: Can everyone use this the way it’s meant to be used?

    If you’re building developer tools and want to make them as efficient as they are inclusive, schedule an ADA briefing with 216digital. We’ll help you test, refine, and design CLIs that truly work for everyone—from the first keystroke to the final command.

    Greg McNeil

    October 14, 2025
    How-to Guides
    Accessibility, accessible CLI, How-to, Web Accessibility, web developers, web development, Website Accessibility
  • Product Media Accessibility: Are You Doing It Right?

    Product Media Accessibility: Are You Doing It Right?

    Visuals drive e-commerce—they shape how customers understand, compare, and connect with products. But for users relying on screen readers or other assistive technologies, those visuals only work when paired with accurate alt text and accessible labels. Without them, key product details disappear, leaving users unable to engage or buy.

    Accessibility also drives measurable results. Research shows that 71% of users with disabilities leave sites that present barriers, while inclusive design reduces bounce rates and builds trust. Search engines benefit, too—HubSpot reported a 779% increase in image traffic after optimizing alt attributes. And with nearly 15% of the global population living with a disability, accessible images open your storefront to a wider audience that can browse and buy without friction.

    When done well, accessibility becomes more than a technical fix—it’s a competitive advantage. It improves visibility, trust, and conversion, all while making your brand easier for everyone to experience.

    This guide explores what that looks like in practice—how to make product media accessible, where teams most often slip, and how to integrate accessibility into your daily workflow.

    What Makes a Product Media Accessible

    High-quality product media isn’t just about presentation—it’s about communication. Every image should help shoppers understand your product, evaluate their options, and make confident decisions.

    In accessible design, that means ensuring every photo, color variant, and product angle can be understood not only visually, but also through assistive technology.

    Below are the key principles that make product media both effective and accessible.

    1. Clear and Descriptive Alt Text

    Alt text gives images meaning. Without it, assistive technologies have nothing to announce—and essential product details disappear. Descriptive alt text ensures that shoppers who rely on screen readers can access the same information as anyone else.

    When written thoughtfully, alt text also supports SEO, helping search engines understand what’s being shown and improving how your products appear in image searches.

    If you’re coding manually, add the alt attribute directly to your <img> tag:

    <img src="example.jpg" alt="A description of the image">

    Keep descriptions concise but specific, focusing on what’s visually relevant to the shopper.

    For those using a CMS like Shopify, WordPress, or Magento, you can add this text in the Alt Text or Alt Description field during upload. Many platforms support bulk editing—an efficient way to replace missing or generic alt text and ensure consistency across your catalog.

    When Product Media Need Alt Text (and When They Don’t)

    Product photos are the foundation of any e-commerce experience. They convey material, color, and quality—all the details a shopper depends on. Because of that, almost every product media needs alt text.

    The only exception is when an image adds no new visual information—for instance, when showing the same product from another angle without revealing new features or details.

    Redundant Product Views

    Multiple images of the same item are common: front, back, side, or top-down shots. These angles help sighted users but can become repetitive when read aloud by screen readers.

    If each image shows the same product with no meaningful change, you can mark the duplicates as decorative with an empty alt attribute:

    <img src="product-side.jpg" alt="">

    This signals assistive technologies to skip the image without disrupting the experience. Just ensure that at least one image—usually the primary product photo—has full, descriptive alt text.

    Does Your Image Need Alt Text?

    If an image adds context or new information that could influence a shopper’s decision, it must have its own alt text.

    Ask: Would this image help someone understand or evaluate the product differently? If so, describe it.

    Examples include:

    • Different colors or finishes:
       “Red ceramic table lamp with linen shade” vs. “Blue ceramic table lamp with linen shade.”
      Each variant should have distinct alt text.
    • Unique features or components:
       If an image highlights stitching, a removable part, or a texture, mention it briefly.
    • Lifestyle or context photos:
       When a photo shows the product in use—like a jacket being worn or a sofa in a living room—include that context to communicate scale and purpose.
    • Images with embedded information:
       If an image includes text such as a sale banner, sizing chart, or label, that information must also appear in alt text or nearby HTML. Screen readers cannot interpret text embedded in images.

    Writing Effective Alt Text

    Good alt text is concise, factual, and written with purpose. It shouldn’t describe every detail—just what matters to understanding the product.

    Best practices include:

    • Keep descriptions under 125 characters when possible.
    • Avoid phrases like “image of”—screen readers already announce it.
    • Use specific, factual terms: “brushed,” “polished,” “textured,” “matte.”
    • Mention what changes between images, such as angle or color.
    • Adjust wording for context—a banner image may need different phrasing than a gallery thumbnail.

    A consistent alt text style guide helps teams stay aligned, especially when managing large catalogs or working across departments.

    2. Optimizing Product Media Formats for Accessibility

    Accessibility also depends on clarity and performance. Large, slow-loading images can undermine user experience, particularly on mobile.

    Use formats that balance quality and speed:

    • WebP delivers high-quality visuals with efficient compression, improving load times.
    • SVG is ideal for scalable graphics such as logos or icons, maintaining crispness on any screen size.

    Fast, responsive images ensure your store remains usable across devices and assistive technologies alike.

    3. Avoiding Text Embedded Within Images

    If an image includes text—like promotional banners, product specs, or sale messages—screen readers can’t interpret it.

    Keep all essential text in HTML or nearby captions.
    If embedded text is unavoidable, repeat the information in the image’s alt text or elsewhere on the page so that it’s accessible to every shopper.

    4. Maintaining Visual Clarity and Contrast

    A clean, modern aesthetic is appealing—but not if it sacrifices visibility.

    Low-contrast product photos (for instance, light gray items on a white background) can be difficult for users with low vision to see.

    Maintain at least a 4.5:1 contrast ratio between the product and its background. Adding subtle shadows, reflections, or gradient overlays can improve visibility without compromising your design aesthetic.

    5. Labeling Interactive Product Media

    Any clickable image or icon—such as a “zoom” button, “add to cart” symbol, or “view gallery” thumbnail—should have an accessible name or aria-label.

    Describe the action, not the appearance:

    • “Zoom product image”
    • “Add to cart”
    • “Open gallery view”

    These small details help users navigate your site predictably and confidently, no matter how they interact with it.

    Testing Tools and Workflow Integration

    Accessibility isn’t a one-time audit—it’s an ongoing habit built into your development process.

    Automated tools:

    • WAVE and Lighthouse in Chrome DevTools identifies barriers and improvement tips for each image.

    Manual checks:

    • Test your pages with NVDA, VoiceOver, or JAWS to hear how descriptions are announced.
    • Disable images in your browser and ensure text alternatives still convey essential information.

    Workflow tip: Integrate accessibility validation into CI/CD pipelines. Use pre-commit hooks or CMS checks to block uploads missing alt attributes. Over time, this normalizes accessibility as part of the build process—not an afterthought.

    Product Media That Speaks to Every Shopper

    Accessible product media is about more than compliance—it’s about communication. Every shopper, regardless of ability, deserves the same opportunity to understand your products clearly and confidently.

    From writing meaningful alt text to maintaining contrast and responsive performance, accessibility transforms static visuals into tools that inform, guide, and convert. It strengthens trust and creates smoother experiences across every device and interaction.

    When your product media works for everyone, your brand stands out for the right reasons: clarity, quality, and care.

    If you’re ready to assess your current approach or bring accessibility into your creative workflow, schedule an ADA briefing with 216digital. We’ll help you turn accessibility from a checklist into a lasting standard for digital craftsmanship.

    Greg McNeil

    October 13, 2025
    How-to Guides
    Accessibility, How-to, product media, WCAG, Web Accessibility, web developers, web development, Website Accessibility
  • What Is Visually Hidden Content—and Why Use It?

    What Is Visually Hidden Content—and Why Use It?

    Every interface makes choices about what to show and what to leave unseen. Most of the time, that’s about layout or aesthetics—but it’s also about communication.

    For users who rely on assistive technologies, much of that communication happens through structure, labels, and semantic relationships. When visual clarity comes at the cost of semantic clarity, accessibility starts to break down. A clean UI is great, but clarity for assistive technologies is non-negotiable. When we drop visible text in favor of icons or compact layouts, we still owe users the same meaning.

    A practical answer is visually hidden content. It’s a technique for keeping information available to assistive tech—screen readers, braille displays, voice navigation—while keeping it out of visual view. Done well, it bridges the gap between a clean interface and a complete experience.

    You’ve seen it everywhere:

    • A magnifying glass icon that announces “Search.”
    • A “Read more” link that includes the article title.
    • A skip navigation link that quietly appears when tabbed into.

    Each example keeps the design clean while preserving meaning for users who don’t navigate visually. It’s not a trick—it’s thoughtful design expressed through code.

    When Hiding Breaks Accessibility

    It’s tempting to reach for display: none or visibility: hidden. Both make an element disappear—but they also remove it from the accessibility tree. To a screen reader, that content no longer exists.

    The same problem appears in older workarounds—moving elements off-screen with huge negative positioning or marking the wrong element with aria-hidden="true". They achieve visual cleanliness but erase meaning for assistive tools.

    If the accessibility tree is a map of what users can explore, those declarations tear off a corner of it. The HTML remains, but users can’t reach it.

     When something needs to be read, referenced, or focused, it must stay in the tree. The goal isn’t to hide it from everyone—it’s to make it visually invisible while still programmatically present.

    A Modern, Reliable Pattern for Visually Hidden Content

    Most modern teams rely on a single, standardized utility for this purpose. It’s simple, maintainable, and works across browsers and devices:

    .visually-hidden {
  border: 0;
  clip-path: inset(50%);
  height: 1px;
  margin: 0;
  overflow: hidden;
  position: absolute;
  white-space: nowrap;
  width: 1px;
}

    Each property plays a specific role:

    • clip-path: inset(50%) hides the visible area.
    • position: absolute removes it from the layout but not the accessibility tree.
    • height and width shrink it to an imperceptible size.
    • overflow: hidden ensures no text leaks visually.
    • white-space: nowrap prevents wrapping or accidental exposure.

    This approach replaced older hacks like clip: rect() or sending text off-screen with left: -9999px;. Those caused issues for magnifiers and high-zoom environments. The clip-path pattern is clean, modern, and predictable.

    Use it with intention. Adding visually hidden content everywhere can overwhelm screen reader users. The best implementations give context—not clutter.

    Making Focusable Elements Work for Everyone

    Skip links, “Back to top” anchors, and similar utilities need to stay hidden until they’re actually used. If you apply .visually-hidden directly, keyboard users can focus the link but won’t see it—an invisible focus trap.

    The solution is a focusable variant:

    .visually-hidden-focusable:not(:focus):not(:active) {
  border: 0;
  clip-path: inset(50%);
  height: 1px;
  margin: 0;
  overflow: hidden;
  position: absolute;
  white-space: nowrap;
  width: 1px;
}

    This keeps the element hidden until it receives focus. Once active, it becomes visible—making skip links discoverable without cluttering the design.

    A few practical habits:

    • Always provide a visible focus outline and clear contrast.
    • Keep the revealed link’s position consistent (usually top-left).
    • Use short, direct text—users should immediately understand its purpose.

    This small adjustment is what makes keyboard navigation intuitive, discoverable, and consistent across accessible websites.

    Visually Hidden or ARIA? Understanding the Difference

    Developers sometimes treat these tools as interchangeable. They’re not; they work at different layers.

    Use visually hidden content when you need real, localizable text in the DOM—context for links, helper hints, or dynamic status messages that assistive technologies should read naturally.

    Use ARIA when you’re labeling or describing elements that are already visible:

    • aria-label adds a brief text label.
    • aria-labelledby points to a visible label.
    • aria-describedby links to explanatory text or error messages.
    • Live regions (role="status") announce dynamic changes.

    Often, the best solution combines both. A decorative SVG can be marked aria-hidden="true", while a hidden text label provides a proper name. A form field can have a visible label and connect to hidden guidance via aria-describedby.

     Knowing when to use which—sometimes both—is what turns compliance into genuine usability.

    Writing Hidden Text That Adds Value

    Hidden text should earn its place. It’s part of the user experience and deserves the same editorial care as visible copy.

    A few best practices:

    • Add what’s missing visually—don’t repeat what’s obvious.
    • Keep it short and natural; users will hear it read aloud.
    • Avoid filler or redundancy—screen readers already announce role and state.
    • Localize it so it fits each supported language context.

    When written thoughtfully, visually hidden content enhances understanding without adding noise. The best examples are invisible to some, indispensable to others.

    Testing What You Can’t See

    Accessibility isn’t a box to tick—it’s a conversation between your design and your users. Testing is where that conversation becomes real.

    Here’s how to validate your implementation:

    • Keyboard: Tab through the page. Ensure focus moves logically and stays visible.
    • Screen readers: Use NVDA, VoiceOver, or JAWS to confirm that hidden text reads in context.
    • Accessibility tree: Check DevTools to make sure hidden content remains part of the structure.
    • Zoom and magnification: Scale up to 200% and confirm no visual artifacts appear.

    Automation can’t tell you whether your content makes sense—but a quick, human pass will.

    From Utility to System

    Once you’ve validated your approach, make it part of your toolkit.

    • Include .visually-hidden and .visually-hidden-focusable in your design system.
    • Document their purpose, examples, and edge cases.
    • Encourage teammates to review hidden content with the same care as visible UI text.

    Frameworks like Tailwind’s sr-only class use this exact foundation. Aligning with established patterns makes your code predictable and your accessibility practices easier to scale.

    This is how visually hidden content becomes part of your craft—not just a snippet you copy-paste.

    The Invisible Work That Shapes Experience

    A few quiet lines of CSS can completely change how people experience your site. Visually hidden content doesn’t alter what most users see, but it transforms what others can access, understand, and trust.

    That’s what accessibility is really about—creating clarity that transcends sight. And that’s what good front-end work does at its best: it makes meaning visible, even when the code itself is unseen.

    If you’re working through accessibility fixes or want a second set of eyes on remediation, consider scheduling an ADA briefing with 216digital. It’s a focused, collaborative session designed to help you identify barriers, prioritize what matters most, and move confidently toward compliance.

    Greg McNeil

    October 8, 2025
    How-to Guides
    Accessibility, How-to, visually hidden content, WCAG, Web Accessibility, web developers, web development

  • aria‑selected: Practical Guide for Interactive UI

    Modern web applications thrive on interactivity. Tabs, listboxes, and data grids make complex tasks easier for sighted users—but without proper semantics, those same widgets can shut people out.

    For example, a set of tabs may look visually distinct, but unless screen readers know which tab is currently selected, the component is unusable for blind users. Similarly, keyboard-only users can be stranded if selection isn’t tied to focus and navigation logic.

    That’s where aria-selected comes in. This attribute bridges the gap between visual presentation and assistive technology, ensuring state changes are clearly communicated. In this guide, we’ll cover what aria-selected means, when to use it, real-world code examples, and best practices for building accessible interactions.

    Decoding aria-selected

    According to the WAI-ARIA specification, aria-selected communicates the selection state of an element in a widget. It doesn’t change visuals—it adds semantic meaning to the accessibility tree so assistive tech can interpret the UI correctly.

    Values Explained

    • true → This item is selected.
    • false → This item is selectable but not selected.
    • (Absence) → This item isn’t selectable at all.

    Tip: Roles that support aria-selected include: tab, option, row, gridcell, and treeitem. Use it only where a “selected” state makes sense.

    aria-selected vs. Other Attributes

    It’s easy to confuse aria-selected with other ARIA attributes. Here’s how to know when you’re using the right one:

    AttributePrimary PurposeTypical Components
    aria-selectedIndicates which item is currently chosenTabs, listboxes, grids, tables
    aria-checkedBinary on/off stateCheckboxes, radios
    aria-pressedToggle button active stateToolbar buttons
    aria-currentDenotes user’s current locationNav links, breadcrumbs

    Practical Use Cases & Code

    Tabs

    Tabs are a classic single-select widget. Only one tab can be selected at a time.

    <div role="tablist" aria-label="Profile sections">
  <button id="tab-overview" role="tab" aria-selected="true"
          aria-controls="panel-overview">Overview</button>
  <button id="tab-settings" role="tab" aria-selected="false"
          aria-controls="panel-settings">Settings</button>
</div>

<div id="panel-overview" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="tab-overview">
  <!-- Overview content -->
</div>
<div id="panel-settings" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="tab-settings" hidden>
  <!-- Settings content -->
</div>

    Implementation Notes

    • On click, Enter, or Space: update aria-selected, swap focus, and show the panel.
    • Keyboard navigation: Left/Right (or Up/Down for vertical), Home/End for quick jumps.

    Listbox (Multi-Select)

    Listboxes can be single- or multi-select. Here’s a multi-select version:

    <ul role="listbox" aria-label="Choose toppings"
    aria-multiselectable="true" tabindex="0"
    aria-activedescendant="opt-pepperoni">
  <li id="opt-pepperoni" role="option" aria-selected="true">Pepperoni</li>
  <li id="opt-mushroom"  role="option" aria-selected="false">Mushrooms</li>
  <li id="opt-olive"     role="option" aria-selected="false">Olives</li>
</ul>

    Interaction Details

    • Arrow keys move focus; aria-activedescendant updates to track the active item.
    • Space toggles selection state.
    • Ctrl/Shift + Arrow supports range selection like desktop apps.

    Grids / Spreadsheets

    Grids allow row and cell-level navigation. They’re common in dashboards and spreadsheets.

    <div role="grid" aria-label="Sales records" aria-activedescendant="cell-1-2">
  <div role="row">
    <div role="columnheader" aria-colindex="1">Date</div>
    <div role="columnheader" aria-colindex="2">Sales</div>
  </div>

  <div role="row" aria-rowindex="1">
    <div id="cell-1-1" role="gridcell" aria-colindex="1" aria-selected="false">Jan</div>
    <div id="cell-1-2" role="gridcell" aria-colindex="2" aria-selected="true">5 000</div>
  </div>
  <div role="row" aria-rowindex="2">
    <div id="cell-2-1" role="gridcell" aria-colindex="1" aria-selected="false">Feb</div>
    <div id="cell-2-2" role="gridcell" aria-colindex="2" aria-selected="false">4 200</div>
  </div>
</div>

    JavaScript Must Handle

    • Arrow keys move focus across cells and sync aria-activedescendant.
    • Space/Enter toggles aria-selected.
    • Optional: persist state (e.g., in localStorage) to remember selections.

    Best Practices for aria-selected

    Focus Management

    • In single-select widgets: focus stays inside, arrow keys update selection.
    • In multi-select widgets: focus moves independently, Space/Enter toggles states.
    • Always update aria-activedescendant dynamically.

    Visual Feedback Beyond Color

    • Don’t rely on color alone. Use icons, bold text, or borders.
    • WCAG 2.2 requires at least 3:1 contrast for selected/focus states.

    Keyboard Navigation

    • Tabs: Arrow keys, Home/End, Enter/Space to activate.
    • Listbox/Grid: Arrow keys plus Space/Enter (and Ctrl/Shift combos for multi-select).
    • Optional: Escape to clear selection or exit.

    Testing Your Implementation

    Accessibility doesn’t stop at code—it must be validated.

    • Screen reader testing: NVDA, JAWS, and VoiceOver should announce selection changes correctly.
    • Keyboard walkthroughs: Confirm focus order and selection behavior.
    • Automated checks: Useful for catching missing attributes, but always supplement with manual testing.

    Bonus Patterns

    Once you’re comfortable with the basics, aria-selected can also power:

    • ARIA Trees: File explorer-like navigation.
    • Carousels: Tabs-like controls for slide navigation.
    • Email-style panels: Combining aria-selected with aria-multiselectable for Gmail-style selection logic.

    Build with Inclusion from the Start

    The aria-selected attribute may seem small, but it represents a bigger principle: creating interfaces where everyone can interact equally.

    Accessibility is about thoughtful interaction design, not just compliance checklists. By implementing aria-selected correctly, you close the gap between a slick UI and one that’s truly inclusive.

    Don’t wait until launch—or worse, until a lawsuit—to think about accessibility. Build it in from the beginning, and both your users and your future self will thank you.

    Want clarity on how your site measures up or how to improve implementation? Schedule a private ADA briefing with 216digital and get expert insight on real-world accessibility practices.

    Greg McNeil

    September 29, 2025
    How-to Guides, Uncategorized
    Accessibility, ARIA, aria-selected, web developers, web development, Website Accessibility
  • Deck the Sales with Accessible Holiday Marketing

    Deck the Sales with Accessible Holiday Marketing

    Every holiday season, online retailers face the same challenge: how to keep up with surging traffic without losing customers to friction. Between November and December, nearly one-fifth of all retail sales happen online—meaning even the smallest accessibility barriers—an unreadable button, a missing label, a poorly designed modal—can quietly chip away at revenue.

    But there’s more at stake than missed sales. Accessibility now sits at the intersection of ethics, law, and business strategy. Making your digital experiences usable for everyone isn’t just compliance—it’s a mark of respect for your customers and a driver of measurable growth.

    Accessible holiday marketing is how smart teams turn inclusion into performance. It creates digital spaces that welcome all shoppers, reduce drop-offs, and reinforce brand trust at the busiest—and most competitive—time of year. Think of it as rolling out a digital welcome mat, trimmed in garland, for every customer who stops by your virtual store.

    Accessibility: An Ethical Imperative and a Business Advantage

    Accessibility began as an ethical conversation about fairness and inclusion. Today, it’s also a legal and financial necessity.

    Under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and related global laws, websites are expected to provide equal access to all users. The Department of Justice has affirmed that digital properties—especially those tied to commerce—fall under these requirements. Noncompliance can lead to lawsuits, settlements, and, more importantly, reputational damage that no brand wants under its tree.

    Yet beyond risk, the business upside is clear. One in four U.S. adults reports living with a disability, representing a purchasing power that exceeds $1 trillion globally. Accessibility doesn’t shrink your audience—it expands it.

    And 80% of consumers say a company’s experience matters as much as its products. In that sense, accessibility isn’t just the right thing to do—it’s the smarter way to compete. During the holidays, it’s also the easiest way to make sure no shopper gets left out in the cold.

    Where to Start: Building an Accessible Holiday Marketing Framework

    Accessibility shouldn’t be treated as an afterthought in the rush to wrap up year-end campaigns. Instead, build it into your existing production cycle. Here’s how to start unwrapping quick wins.

    Step 1: Define What Success Looks Like

    Don’t bolt accessibility on at the end. Bake accessible holiday marketing into the same workflow you use for performance and SEO.

    • Checkout completion rates: If shoppers abandon forms mid-purchase, that’s a red flag. Accessibility gaps here are like dropping presents halfway up the chimney.
    • Cart error rates: – Test both keyboard and screen reader sessions. If errors spike, navigation might need a tune-up.
    • Promo email click-throughs: Compare results with images off. If engagement plummets, you’re leaning too heavily on visuals.
    • Video completion rates: Captioned videos often earn longer watch times, proof that accessibility can shine brighter than any seasonal campaign light.

    Assign an owner for each KPI and add an accessibility review before code freeze—because nothing ruins the holiday rush like last-minute fixes.

    Step 2: Reduce Friction in the Core Shopping Flows

    The most impactful changes often live in the most familiar places: product discovery, product pages, and checkout.

    Product Discovery

    • Keyboard navigation: Every filter, dropdown, and toggle should be usable without a mouse. No one wants to wrestle with a website like tangled lights.
    • Visible focus states: Highlight where users are on the page with clear outlines—think of it as a guiding star through your interface.
    • Logical tab order: Keep navigation smooth and intuitive; users shouldn’t feel like they’re lost in the wrapping paper.
    • Clear labeling: Add ARIA labels and visible names to controls so everyone knows what each button does.

    Good navigation is like a perfectly organized gift list—clear, predictable, and satisfying to check off.

    Product Pages

    • Descriptive alt text: Replace “red shirt” with “close-up of red cotton t-shirt with crew neckline.” Paint a picture worth a thousand words—and conversions.
    • Text-based selectors: Pair swatches with visible text for color and size. Don’t make users guess whether “cranberry” means red or pink.
    • Live region announcements: Notify assistive technologies when stock, price, or promotions change. No one likes a surprise sellout mid-cart.

    Clarity here means fewer returns—and happier unboxings.

    Checkout

    Checkout is where good design proves its worth.

    • Label everything clearly:  Every field should say exactly what it wants — “Email address,” “Zip code,” not “Field 1.” When users can fill out a form without guessing, they finish faster.
    • Put errors where they happen: If someone types their card number wrong, the message should appear right there, not two scrolls away. Nobody wants to play “Where’s Waldo?” in the middle of a purchase.
    • Skip the impossible CAPTCHA: If you must verify humans, use a simple checkbox or a one-line logic question.
    • Keep focus steady: When a payment pop-up opens, the cursor shouldn’t vanish. Trap focus inside the modal and return users to the right spot when it closes.
    • Do a keyboard-only run-through: It takes five minutes. If you can buy something with just the Tab key, you’re in good shape.

    It’s not glamorous work, but it’s what turns a holiday shopper into a paying customer.

    Step 3: Design an Accessible Holiday Marketing Campaign 

    Color, Contrast, and Motion

    • Contrast ratios: Keep text clear—even against festive reds, greens, or snowy whites. 4.5:1 is the magic number.
    • Motion reduction: Add a “pause animation” option for sparkling banners or falling snow. Not everyone enjoys a blizzard of motion.
    • Test on multiple screens: Preview your site in bright daylight or cozy lamplight—holiday shoppers browse everywhere.

    Accessibility ensures your creativity glows without overwhelming.

    Email Accessibility Best Practices

    Holiday emails do a lot of heavy lifting, so make them easy to read even when half the inbox blocks your images.

    • Use real text for the important stuff. If your subject line says “50% Off,” that shouldn’t vanish the moment images are turned off.
    • Write links that make sense out of context. “Unwrap Today’s Deals” works better than “Click here” — and it keeps your brand voice intact.
    • Keep the structure simple. Short paragraphs, real headings, and logical flow help screen readers — and people reading on their phones at the kitchen table.
    • Underline your links. It’s not old-fashioned; it’s functional. Some users can’t rely on color alone to spot a link.

    Think of your holiday campaign like a greeting card — clean, clear, and worth opening.

    Video and Social Content

    • Closed captions: Accurate, human-checked captions help everyone follow along, from office multitaskers to late-night shoppers.
    • Transcripts: Perfect for anyone scrolling during family movie night with the volume low.
    • Hashtags and emojis: Use camel case (#MerryAndBright) and keep emojis at the end of posts.
    • Alt text: Describe visuals on social posts so every viewer can feel part of the moment.

    Small accessibility touches here make your brand feel thoughtful—like that handwritten tag on a gift.

    Step 4: Test Early and Often

    Automated Checks

    • Integrate tools: Add accessibility scans to your CI/CD pipeline so errors get fixed faster than you can say “ugly sweater.”
    • Catch recurring issues: Run tests regularly to stop regressions before launch.
    • Treat failures seriously: Missing alt text should be a showstopper, not a “we’ll fix it next year.”

    Manual Spot Checks

    • Keyboard audits: Tab through product → cart → checkout. If you can’t complete it, neither can Santa’s helpers.
    • Screen reader reviews: Listen to how your site reads aloud—clarity here is worth its weight in gold tinsel.
    • Record findings: Short video clips make debugging faster than long lists of notes.

    Pre-Launch Governance

    • Accessibility sign-off: Make it part of your “naughty or nice” launch checklist.
    • Track waivers: If something’s postponed, record a fix date to stay accountable.
    • Align with performance metrics: Accessibility deserves a seat at the same table as SEO and load time.

    Step 5: Expand Accessibility Across the Journey

    Accessibility shouldn’t stop at checkout—it should carry through every touchpoint.

    Landing Pages and Paid Ads

    • Avoid autoplay: Let users control media playback; not everyone wants surprise carols.
    • Write clear CTAs: Use straightforward text like “Explore Holiday Offers” instead of “Learn More.”
    • Add multiple cues: Combine color, text, and icons so everyone can understand your visuals.
    • Keep it fast: Optimize load times. Accessibility and speed go hand in hand.

    Retention and Loyalty

    • Organize gift guides: Use clear headings and a logical structure for quick navigation.
    • Make wishlists keyboard-friendly: Ensure “Add to Wishlist” works with both mouse and keyboard.
    • Announce updates: When something’s back in stock, let assistive tech announce it too.

    Accessible holiday marketing builds trust—and trust keeps customers coming back long after the decorations come down.

    Step 6: Equip Customer Support to Handle Accessibility

    • Multiple contact options: Offer phone, chat, and email—because not everyone writes letters to the North Pole.
    • Accessible chat tools: Check focus order and make sure screen readers can announce new messages.
    • Transparent status: Display service hours and response times to prevent frustration.
    • Proactive communication: Post banners if known issues exist, and provide alternative paths to complete purchases.
    • Train support teams: Teach staff how to gather details about accessibility problems. The more context they collect, the faster fixes arrive.

    Support should feel like a helping hand, not a closed door.

    Step 7: Measure, Learn, Improve

    • Segment analytics: Compare behavior by input method—keyboard, mouse, or touch—to spot friction points.
    • Correlate updates: Link accessibility fixes to conversion data; seeing the lift is like watching sales lights twinkle in real time.
    • Weekly check-ins: A 15-minute accessibility stand-up keeps everyone aligned during peak traffic.
    • Post-season reflection: Capture what worked and what needs improvement before the next holiday rush.

    Accessibility improvement is the one gift that keeps on giving.

    Quick-Start Accessible Holiday MarketingChecklist

    This Week

    • Tab-test PDP → Cart → Checkout to ensure a clear path to purchase.
    • Update alt text for the top 100 SKUs with product details and purpose.
    • Caption all holiday videos—think of it as wrapping each message neatly.

    This Month

    • Automate accessibility scans so no error sneaks into the new year.
    • Refine email templates with an accessible, mobile-friendly design.
    • Test campaigns with images off—your message should still shine.

    Before Code Freeze

    • Perform a manual screen reader review of top pages.
    • Publish an accessibility contact channel so feedback doesn’t get lost in the snow.

    From Cart to Claus: Keeping Every Shopper Included

    Accessibility has moral weight—it ensures equal participation in the digital marketplace. It has legal weight—it aligns with ADA and WCAG standards. And it has business weight—it strengthens loyalty, protects brand trust, and captures a broader audience.

    Accessible holiday marketing ties all three together like a perfectly wrapped gift. It makes the web fairer, the experience smoother, and the business stronger.

    For teams wanting to check their list twice, an ADA briefing with 216digital helps identify high-ROI accessibility improvements before peak traffic. Our experts help teams unwrap the quick wins—and keep the momentum into the new year.

    After all, inclusion isn’t just a seasonal sentiment—it’s how lasting customer relationships begin.

    Greg McNeil

    September 26, 2025
    Content Marketing, Digital Marketing, How-to Guides
    Accessibility, Digital Marketing, How-to, Marketing, Web Accessibility, Website Accessibility
  • Say More with Accessible Web Content

    Say More with Accessible Web Content

    We spend a lot of time tuning headlines and chasing algorithms. But the work that truly moves the needle is simpler: say what you mean so more people can use it. Clear content builds trust, lowers support requests, and makes your message easier to find. That’s the power of accessible web content—it helps people first, and performance follows.

    Content isn’t a “design extra” in accessibility. Writers, editors, marketers, and developers shape how people understand a page. This article offers practical, jargon-light techniques you can apply right now. They align with WCAG, but they’re written for real teams on real deadlines, with real audiences who just want answers that make sense.

    Plain Language Is the Heart of Accessible Web Content

    Plain language is not “dumbing it down.” It’s respect. Many public-facing teams aim for an elementary reading level; professional material often targets a middle-school level. And when you’re busy, simple always wins—whether you’re a novice or an expert scanning on a phone between meetings.

    Try this:

    • Use a readability tool (Hemingway, Grammarly) to check grade level.
    • Swap jargon for everyday words. “The site adjusts to your screen” beats “utilizes responsive design principles.”
    • Prefer active voice: “Change your password every three months,” not “It is recommended…”
    • Lead with the point, then add detail.
    • Keep one idea per paragraph. Use person-first, inclusive language when you reference people with disabilities.

    Short sentences steady the pace. A few longer ones add rhythm and nuance. Together, they make meaning land without strain.

    Make Your Page Easy to Scan—By People and Tools

    Titles, URLs, and headings are how busy readers—and assistive tech—map a page. If the map is messy, the journey is slow.

    Best practices:

    • Write unique, descriptive titles. Put the most important words first and, when it fits, match the H1.
    • Use readable URLs (/web-design-services, not ?id=47289).
    • Use one H1. Nest headings in order (H2 → H3) like chapters and subchapters.

    Screen reader users often navigate by headings. A logical outline turns scanning into understanding. Clear structure makes pages easier to skim, and it makes accessible web content faster to find, reuse, and maintain.

    Links and Images That Strengthen Accessible Web Content

    “Click here” makes people guess. It also fails when a screen reader pulls out a list of links with no surrounding context.

    Instead:

    • Write link text that stands on its own: “Download the accessibility guide.”
    • Make labels unique so users know which link goes where.

    Effective Alt Text

    Alt text explains an image’s purpose when images don’t load or when a user can’t see them.

    Guidelines:

    • Be concise—under ~125 characters—and capture what the image means to the page.
    • Decorative images should be skipped with empty alt text (alt="").
    • For complex visuals (charts, infographics), add a short alt summary and provide a fuller explanation nearby.

    These small choices help everyone—search engines, skimmers, and people using assistive tech—get the same story.

    Accessible Audio and Video for Every Situation

    Not everyone can turn on sound. Some people prefer reading. Others are in a noisy shop or a quiet office. Without captions or transcripts, they miss your message.

    Do this:

    • Provide accurate, synchronized captions. Add speaker labels when voices change.
    • Offer transcripts with timestamps and descriptions of meaningful sounds or visuals.
    • Edit auto-generated captions. They’re a starting point, not a finish line.

    Captions and transcripts travel well across devices and contexts, turning media into content that’s flexible, shareable, and dependable—another pillar of accessible web content.

    Guidance That Doesn’t Assume Vision or Memory

    Task-heavy pages—forms, checkouts, dashboards—depend on clear instructions. Plain direction removes guesswork and stress.

    Practical moves:

    • Use direct, concrete prompts: “Enter your full name and email address.”
    • State rules up front: “Password must be at least 8 characters.”
    • Write helpful errors that explain what went wrong and how to fix it: “Enter a valid email, like name@example.com.”
    • Don’t rely on color, location, or shape alone. If you say “the green button on the right,” also name the button.

    The goal is guidance that stands on its own—no color key, no guessing, no hidden requirements.

    Formatting That Keeps Accessible Web Content Readable

    Good layout choices help everyone. They also keep cognitive load low.

    Recommendations:

    • Left-align text. Full justification can create rivers of space that are harder to read.
    • Choose legible sans-serif fonts at a comfortable size (around 16px / 12pt or larger).
    • Give text room to breathe with generous line spacing and white space.
    • Keep paragraphs short (3–4 sentences). Use lists for steps and grouped ideas.
    • Verify pages remain readable and usable when zoomed to 200%.
    • Ensure sufficient color contrast (aim for at least 4.5:1 for normal text). Don’t rely on color alone for meaning.

    These choices signal care. They tell readers, “We made room for you here.”

    Why These Techniques Matter

    WCAG 2.2 (W3C’s current recommendation) gives teams a shared yardstick. The POUR framework—Perceivable, Operable, Understandable, Robust—turns good writing habits and clean structure into checks you can actually verify. Here’s how that plays out in day-to-day work:

    • Perceivable: Make meaning available beyond sight alone. 1.1.1 Non-text Content asks for useful alt text; 1.4.3 Contrast (Minimum) expects readable color contrast. Together they ensure images and text still communicate when visuals fail or vision varies.
    • Operable: People must be able to find and use things. 2.4.6 Headings and Labels rewards clear, descriptive headings; keyboard-friendly navigation pushes toward predictable movement through a page.
    • Understandable: Content should read cleanly and behave as expected. 3.3.1 Error Identification favors messages that say what went wrong and how to fix it—perfect for forms and flows.
    • Robust: Code should work with current and future tech. 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value is where semantic HTML shines, helping assistive technologies reliably understand controls and their states.

    You don’t need to memorize the spec. Use POUR as a short, practical lens while you write and review: if a decision helps someone perceive, operate, understand, or reliably use the page, you’re moving in the right direction—and you’ll have the checkpoints to prove it. It’s not meant to slow you down; it’s there to turn good intentions into repeatable habits that make accessible web content easier to ship.

    Ensure Your Words Work—Not Just Look Right

    Use tools to catch patterns. Use people to confirm meaning.

    Helpful tools:

    • Accessibility checkers (like WAVE or Google Lighthouse) surface common issues early.
    • Readability and contrast tools help you tune language and color choices.

    Manual checks:

    • Try a screen reader (NVDA on Windows, VoiceOver on macOS).
    • Navigate with a keyboard only. Can you reach and use every control?
    • When possible, invite feedback from people with diverse abilities.

    Make it repeatable:

    • Keep a short pre-publish checklist: heading order, meaningful links, alt text added, language attribute set, clear form labels and errors.
    • Schedule content accessibility reviews so improvements stick. This is how you keep accessible web content strong as pages, teams, and priorities change.

    Accessible Content Is Good Content—Let’s Get You There

    You don’t have to fix everything at once—just make the next thing better. A clearer title here, a stronger alt text there, a caption polished before it goes live. Small improvements stack up fast, and your audience feels the difference.

    As you roll out a new product, kick off a seasonal sale, or hit publish on a blog, take a gentle pause: Does the page read easily? Do the links explain themselves? Will someone using a screen reader get the same story as everyone else? That quiet check-in becomes a habit, and that habit becomes consistency—without slowing your team down. Over time, those small, steady choices turn into a recognizable voice: thoughtful, trustworthy, and human.

    If you’d like a partner to help keep that momentum, 216digital is here. We can share simple checklists, coach your team, and set up light-touch reviews so every release ships with confidence. Schedule an ADA briefing with us, and let’s make the next launch your clearest one yet—then repeat it with every product, sale, and post.

    Greg McNeil

    September 19, 2025
    How-to Guides
    Accessibility, Content Creators, Content Writing, How-to, Web Accessibility, Website Accessibility
  • Buttons vs Links: Who Gets the Last Click?

    Buttons vs Links: Who Gets the Last Click?

    You’ve got a component to wire up and a design that looks like… a rectangle with text in it. Classic. Do you reach for <button> or <a>? For a mouse user, either might “work.” For a keyboard user or someone on a screen reader, the wrong choice is a booby trap. Picture a user pressing Space on something that looks like a button and nothing happens, or hearing “Link” and suddenly a file gets deleted. That gap between what an element promises and what it does is where trust dies. By the time you ship this, you should be able to look at any interactive element and decide between buttons vs links without second-guessing.

    The Rule Behind Buttons vs Links

    There’s one rule worth tattooing on your coding hand:

    Links go places. Buttons do things.

    If an interaction navigates to a new location (a different route, an external page, a same-page anchor, or a file), it’s a link. If it performs an action on the current page (submits, toggles, opens, closes, mutates UI, updates data), it’s a button. Keep that mental model tight and the rest—semantics, keyboard behavior, screen reader expectations—snaps into alignment.

    Let’s make that concrete. Screen readers announce name and role. “Link” tells the user to expect navigation; “Button” says “an action is about to happen.” Keyboard support follows suit: links activate with Enter; buttons activate with Enter and Space. That difference isn’t trivia—it’s the platform contract.

    Why This Tiny Decision Matters More Than It Looks

    First, semantics affects product quality. When the role and behavior match, users trust your interface—especially users who navigate by role (“jump me to the next button”). Second, robustness. A real link with a real href will still navigate if JavaScript takes a day off. A real button with type="submit" will submit the form without your custom event handlers. Getting buttons vs links right means your UI remains reliable under bad Wi-Fi, flaky extensions, or partial loads.

    And yes, standards. Mislabeling roles or breaking keyboard activation is how you wander into WCAG failures like 2.1.1 (Keyboard) or 4.1.2 (Name, Role, Value). It’s not about box-ticking; it’s about delivering predictable, testable behavior.

    When It Should Be a Button

    If the thing does something on this page, start with <button>. That covers submitting a form, opening a modal, toggling a menu, expanding an accordion, saving a record, deleting an item, starting a fetch, pausing media—anything that changes state without changing URL.

    Here’s what not to do:

    <!-- Wrong: Looks like a link, acts like a button, breaks expectations -->
<a href="#" onclick="submitForm()">Submit</a>

    This announces as “link,” ignores the Space key unless you recreate that yourself, and fails if JavaScript is blocked. Use the element that already does the job:

    <!-- Right: Predictable, robust, testable -->
<button type="submit">Submit</button>

    Toggles are another frequent offender. If you’re opening and closing a menu, use a button and reflect state:

    <button
  type="button"
  aria-expanded="false"
  aria-controls="mainmenu"
  id="menubutton">
  Menu
</button>

<nav id="mainmenu" hidden>…</nav>

    When you flip the menu, flip aria-expanded and manage the hidden attribute. Users get the correct announcement, and you get keyboard support for free.

    A quick style note while we’re here: don’t remove the focus outline unless you replace it with something obvious. Minimalism is lovely; invisible focus isn’t.

    button:focus-visible {
  outline: 2px solid currentColor;
  outline-offset: 3px;
}

    When It Should Be a Link

    If the action navigates—new page, external site, file download, or a jump within the same page—reach for <a> with a real href. That gives you built-in affordances like “open in new tab,” a visible status bar URL, and the user’s browser history doing its thing.

    Bad pattern:

    <!-- Wrong: Navigation disguised as a button -->
<button onclick="location='/about'">Learn more</button>

    Fix it:

    <!-- Right:  It’s navigation, so it’s a link -->
<a href="/about">Learn more</a>

    A few patterns that absolutely belong to links:

    • Skip links: let keyboard users bypass repeating navigation.
     <a href="#main" class="skip-link">Skip to main content</a>
<main id="main">…</main>
    • Downloads: if you can link it, link it.
     <a href="/report.pdf" download>Download report (PDF)</a>
    • Breadcrumbs and primary nav: always links. Users expect middle-clicks and new tabs to work.

    Give the link text meaning. “Click here” ages badly outside its paragraph. “Download Q3 report (PDF)” holds up wherever a user encounters it—like a screen reader’s Links List.

    Styling Without Lying: Buttons vs Links in Disguise

    Design will ask you to make links look like buttons or vice-versa. That’s fine visually, as long as the semantics don’t lie. If it navigates, keep it an <a>—then style it like a button. If it acts, keep it a <button>—then style it to match your theme. Users might not see the markup, but assistive tech will, and so will your QA.

    A few constraints worth honoring while you polish:

    • Don’t rely on color alone to signal “this is a link.” Underlines or a small icon are your friends.
    • Keep contrast sane (think 4.5:1 for normal text). Your future self, reading in sunlight, says thanks.
    • Targets should be comfortably tappable—around 44×44 CSS pixels is a good baseline.
    • Maintain a visible focus style. If you nuke it, put a better one back.

    Testing the Decision: Buttons vs Links Under Real Inputs

    Automated tools are a fast smoke test—Lighthouse or WAVE will happily rat out missing names, broken contrast, or off-screen focus. Treat them as lint for accessibility. They won’t catch intent.

    Intent is a manual game:

    • Screen reader pass: with VoiceOver (macOS/iOS), NVDA or JAWS (Windows), confirm elements announce the correct role and name: “Button, Submit,” not “Link, Submit.”
    • Keyboard pass: tab through. Links should activate with Enter; buttons with Enter and Space. Watch focus—no disappearing acts.
    • Voice control: say “Click Submit” or “Go to Pricing,” and make sure the right control responds by name.

    If any of those feel off, they are off. Fix the semantics first; the bugs usually evaporate.

    Real-World Fixes That Come Up in Code Reviews

    Most bugs we see with buttons vs links boil down to “we styled the wrong element” or “we tried to be clever with roles.” Two quick refactors cover a lot of ground:

    Submitting with an anchor:

    <!-- Wrong -->
<a href="#" onclick="submit()">Submit</a>

<!-- Right -->
<button type="submit">Submit</button>

    Menu toggles built on anchors:

    <!-- Wrong -->
<a href="#" onclick="openMenu()">Menu</a>

<!-- Right -->
<button type="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="mainmenu">Menu</button>

    If you truly, absolutely must build a custom control—and you’ve checked that <button> won’t cut it—own the keyboard and state explicitly:

    <!--Only if native won’t work -->
<div role="button" tabindex="0" aria-pressed="false" id="play">Play</div>
<script>
const el = document.getElementById('play');
el.addEventListener('keydown', (e) => {
  if (e.key === ' ' || e.key === 'Enter') { e.preventDefault(); el.click(); }
});
el.addEventListener('click', () => {
  const next = el.getAttribute('aria-pressed') !== 'true';
  el.setAttribute('aria-pressed', String(next));
});
</script>

    That’s a lot of ceremony to re-implement what <button> just… does. Treat this as a last resort.

    A Short Checklist (Pin It Next to Your Linter)

    • Navigation? <a href="…">. Action? <button>.
    • Make the accessible name obvious: visible text or a clear aria-label.
    • Preserve expected keyboard behavior (Enter vs Enter+Space).
    • Keep focus visible and movement logical.
    • Prefer native elements; avoid role-swapping unless there’s no alternative.

    Wrapping It Up

    Interfaces are a web of tiny decisions, and this is one of the tiniest. But consistent, honest semantics make everything else easier: testing, maintenance, onboarding new devs, and—most importantly—using the thing. Treat buttons vs links as a contract. Say what the element is, and make sure it behaves that way across mouse, keyboard, screen readers, and voice.

    If you want a quick heuristic while you code: would a middle-click make sense here? If yes, it’s probably a link. Would “Click Submit” make sense to a voice user? If yes, it’s probably a button. Keep those instincts sharp and your UI will feel clean, resilient, and respectful by default.

    If your team wants a second set of eyes on patterns like these—or you need help pressure-testing components before they scale—216digital is happy to jump in. Schedule an ADA briefing and we’ll help you turn the “tiny” choices into durable, inclusive defaults.

    Greg McNeil

    September 16, 2025
    How-to Guides
    Accessibility, Accessible Buttons, Links, Web Accessibility, Web Accessible Links, web developers, web development, Website Accessibility
  • Why ARIA Alone Won’t Fix Your Website’s Accessibility

    Why ARIA Alone Won’t Fix Your Website’s Accessibility

    ARIA (Accessible Rich Internet Applications) has become a mainstay in modern front-end work, giving us a way to make complex interfaces more usable for people relying on assistive tech. But here’s the catch: despite how widely it’s used now, accessibility issues on the web haven’t actually gone down. In fact, reports like the annual WebAIM Million consistently show that pages using ARIA often rack up more accessibility errors than those that don’t. That’s a red flag—and it raises an important question: if ARIA is meant to improve accessibility, why does more ARIA so often lead to worse outcomes?

    What ARIA Is—and What It’s Supposed to Do

    At its core, ARIA is just a spec for adding semantic meaning where HTML alone doesn’t cut it. When we build custom UI components—think tab lists, modals, or live regions—ARIA roles and attributes tell screen readers what those elements are, how they behave, and when their state changes.

    For example, aria-live lets us announce new content to screen readers without forcing a page reload. aria-label gives an accessible name to elements that don’t have visible text. Using role="tablist" clarifies the relationship between grouped tab controls. When used correctly, these attributes bridge the gap between how something looks visually and how it’s experienced non-visually.

    When Is It Necessary?

    There are valid cases where ARIA is the right tool—like custom widgets that don’t exist in native HTML, dynamic content that needs to be announced, or modal dialogs that require managing focus. In these edge cases, it can give essential context to assistive tech users. The trick is restraint: only reach for ARIA when HTML alone can’t deliver the behavior you need.

    Why It Shouldn’t Be the Default Tool

    The W3C’s first rule of ARIA is dead simple: “Don’t use ARIA if you can use native HTML.” There’s a reason for that. Semantic elements like <button>, <nav>, and <input> come with baked-in keyboard support, focus behavior, and screen reader semantics.

    Replacing these with <div>s or <span>s and trying to patch on ARIA roles is a recipe for trouble. It adds complexity we have to maintain, and it increases the cognitive load on assistive tech users, who now have to deal with custom keyboard logic or missing states that native elements would have handled out of the box.

    Common ARIA Misuse That Breaks Accessibility

    Misusing ARIA is the fastest way to make things worse. Some of the most common mistakes we see:

    • Redundant ARIA: e.g. adding role="button" on a native <button>, which can confuse announcements.
    • Incorrect roles or attributes:  like using aria-checked on something that’s not checkable.
    • Static ARIA states: setting aria-expanded="true" and never updating it when the element collapses.
    • Overriding native behavior : trapping focus or breaking expected tab order.
    • Misused aria-hidden: This one’s especially nasty. It hides content from assistive tech, which is fine for decorative icons or offscreen helper text. But if you throw it on meaningful content like links or form controls, it removes them from the accessibility tree entirely. That creates “empty” focusable elements and violates the rule that aria-hidden="true" must never be on focusable items.

    Take a link that only has an SVG icon with aria-hidden="true". Visually it looks fine, but to a screen reader, it’s just an empty link with no name. Compare that to a native <button> with either visible text or an aria-label—it automatically conveys its purpose. Misusing it like this doesn’t just fail to help; it strips meaning away.

    Why ARIA Usage Correlates with More Errors

    The WebAIM Million keeps showing the same trend: pages with ARIA average almost twice as many detectable errors as those without. That doesn’t mean ARIA is inherently bad—it means it’s often used wrong.

    Here’s why that happens so often:

    • More moving parts: Every ARIA attribute is another thing that has to stay in sync as the UI changes.
    • Misunderstood implementation: Developers sometimes add it without fully understanding how screen readers will interpret it. For instance, putting aria-hidden on a logo or nav link effectively removes it from the experience for assistive tech users.
    • No real testing: There’s a tendency to assume that if ARIA is present, accessibility is solved. Without testing, it’s easy to miss that it’s actually broken.

    The Real Fix: Manual Testing and Developer Discipline

    Automated tools are useful for catching low-hanging fruit like missing alt text, color contrast issues, or syntax errors. But they can’t tell you if your ARIA actually works. They’ll detect if aria-expanded is present—but not if it updates correctly when toggled.

    Same thing with aria-hidden: they’ll warn you that it’s there, but not if you used it correctly. Maybe the hidden element is decorative (fine) or maybe it’s essential (not fine). Only a human can tell. Most ARIA issues are about behavior and context, which tools can’t judge.

    Testing It in the Real World

    To know your ARIA implementation works, you’ve got to test it like real users would:

    • Keyboard-only navigation: Make sure everything interactive is reachable by tab, focus order makes sense, and keys like Enter, Space, and Arrow keys behave as expected.
    • Screen reader testing: Try NVDA on Windows, VoiceOver on macOS, or JAWS if you’re in enterprise. Confirm that roles, labels, and states are being announced correctly—and that hidden content stays hidden without killing important info.
    • User testing: If possible, bring in assistive tech users or trained accessibility testers to see how your UI holds up in practice.

    Doing this builds confidence that your ARIA-enhanced components are actually usable.

    Build a Feedback Loop Into the Dev Process

    Accessibility shouldn’t be a post-launch patch job. Bake it into your development flow. Do accessibility checks during code reviews, QA, and design iterations. When you add ARIA, document the behavior you expect, and get feedback from teammates or AT users to verify it works.

    Practical Guidelines for Responsible ARIA Use

    If you want to use it safely, stick to a few core habits:

    • Follow the WAI-ARIA Authoring Practices (APG): They provide vetted patterns and working code examples.
    • Use ARIA only when you have to: Lean on semantic HTML first, and treat it as a fallback.
    • Test thoroughly:  Validate behavior with keyboard and screen readers, not just automated checkers.
    • Review aria-hidden usage carefully: Only hide decorative or duplicate content. Never hide focusable items, form controls, or nav links.
    • Document your decisions: Leave comments or README notes explaining why it was added and how it’s supposed to work.
    • Make accessibility a team effort: It’s not just the job of one dev or QA engineer. Everyone owns it.

    ARIA Isn’t a Shortcut—It’s a Responsibility

    ARIA is powerful, but it’s not magic. Used carelessly, it creates new barriers and frustrates the very people it’s meant to support. Used deliberately—with a “native first” mindset, real testing, and team buy-in—it can make complex interfaces accessible without breaking usability.

    Respect ARIA’s complexity, but don’t fear it. Real accessibility comes from thoughtful use of semantic HTML, strategic ARIA when it’s actually needed, and consistent real-world testing.

    If you want to level up your accessibility practices and cut risk, 216digital offers ADA briefings built specifically for dev teams. Schedule one today and start building better, more inclusive code.

    Greg McNeil

    September 12, 2025
    How-to Guides, Legal Compliance
    Accessibility, ARIA, keyboard accessibility, WCAG, web developers, web development, Website Accessibility
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