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  • Why Accessibility Is Key to UX Success

    Here’s a secret: websites that are easier to use for people with disabilities are easier to use for everyone. Applying simple HTML5 core concepts like semantic markup and landmark regions will naturally make your website easier to navigate with a keyboard and have a more logical structure. This is great for onsite SEO, user experience (UX) – and web accessibility, with no additional effort required.

    How Web Accessibility Enhances UX

    At its core, web accessibility is about removing barriers that might prevent people from using your site. When a website is accessible, it’s usable by everyone—regardless of their abilities, devices, or environments.

    Here’s how accessibility directly impacts UX:

    Improved Usability for All

    Accessible design benefits people with disabilities and creates a better experience for everyone. Features like straightforward navigation, readable fonts, and intuitive layouts make your site easier to use, regardless of age, device, or tech-savviness.

    Inclusive Design for Diverse Audiences

    Accessibility ensures your site is usable for people with visual, auditory, cognitive, or motor disabilities. For example:

    • Screen reader support helps blind or low-vision users navigate content.
    • Keyboard-friendly navigation aids people with motor impairments.
    • Clear text and structure assist individuals with cognitive challenges.

    Enhanced Mobile Experience

    Basic accessibility principles—like scalable typography, responsive layouts, and touch-friendly designs—naturally improve mobile usability. Mobile users account for significant web traffic.

    The Benefits of Accessible Design

    Investing in web accessibility isn’t just the right thing to do—it’s also good business. Here are some key benefits:

    Reaching a Wider Audience

    Approximately 15% of the global population lives with some form of disability. By ensuring your site is accessible, you’re inviting millions of potential customers to engage with your content and services.

    Boosting SEO

    Accessible websites often perform better in search engine rankings. Practices like adding alt text for images, using descriptive headings, and providing transcripts for videos improve your SEO by making your content easier for search engines to index.

    Building a Positive Brand Image

    A commitment to accessibility shows your audience that you care about inclusivity. This fosters trust, strengthens your reputation, and makes your brand socially responsible.

    Legal Compliance and Risk Reduction

    Accessible websites help you comply with regulations like the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG), reducing the risk of lawsuits or fines.

    Overcoming Challenges in Accessibility

    Despite its benefits, implementing accessibility can come with challenges:

    Misconceptions About Accessibility

    Some believe accessibility only benefits a small audience or that it’s too costly or complex to implement. In reality, accessibility improves UX for all users and can be cost-effective when integrated early.

    Technical Hurdles

    Developers might need help understanding WCAG guidelines or implementing complex ARIA roles. Clear documentation and ongoing education can address this.

    Resistance to Change

    Most teams have enough on their plates and do not want to add any additional steps to their existing workflows. However, building a general awareness of accessibility concepts will naturally improve your site’s inclusivity without any extra work.

    Strategies for Integrating Accessibility Into UX Design

    To create a truly inclusive experience, accessibility needs to be a priority from the start. Here’s how to integrate it into your design process:

    Start Early in the Design Process

    Accessibility is most uncomplicated to implement when it’s considered from the beginning. Start with semantic HTML, readable fonts, and a logical content structure.

    Focus on User Testing

    Test your site with real users, including those with disabilities. Tools like screen readers and keyboard navigation can simulate some experiences, but real feedback is invaluable.

    Use Accessibility Tools

    Incorporate tools like:

    • Lighthouse: Google’s tool for auditing accessibility, performance, and SEO.
    • WAVE: An accessibility evaluation tool that highlights issues directly on your site.

    Educate Your Team

    Train designers, developers, and content creators to understand accessibility principles and WCAG guidelines. Make accessibility a team-wide responsibility.

    Iterate and Improve

    Accessibility isn’t a one-and-done task. Regularly review your site for compliance, usability, and opportunities for improvement.

    Practical Tips for Accessible UX

    Here are some specific ways to improve accessibility while enhancing UX:

    Prioritize Clear Navigation

    Ensure menus are intuitive and consistent across devices. Use breadcrumbs, logical page hierarchy, and descriptive labels to guide users.

    Provide Text Alternatives

    Add alt text to images, video captions, and audio content transcripts. This makes your media accessible to screen readers and enhances SEO.

    Design for Keyboard Navigation

    Ensure all interactive elements—buttons, links, forms—are reachable and operable using just a keyboard.

    button:focus {  
  outline: 3px solid #005fcc;  
}

    Ensure Sufficient Color Contrast

    Low contrast can make text unreadable for users with low vision. Use tools like the Contrast Checker to verify WCAG-compliant contrast ratios.

    Use ARIA Sparingly

    Accessible Rich Internet Applications (ARIA) roles can enhance accessibility but shouldn’t replace semantic HTML. Use ARIA roles to clarify interactive components, like modals or accordions.

    Accessibility’s Role in a Better Web

    When accessibility and UX align, everyone wins. Your site becomes more straightforward to use, more engaging, and more inclusive. For users with disabilities, accessible design opens doors to equal participation in the digital world. For businesses, it means more satisfied customers, better performance metrics, and a stronger reputation.

    As the web continues to evolve, let’s commit to creating digital spaces that are open and enjoyable for all. Accessibility isn’t a barrier—it’s the foundation of great UX.

    If you would like to evaluate your site’s user experience for everyone, including users with disabilities, reach out to 216digital using the contact form below.

    Greg McNeil

    December 12, 2024
    How-to Guides, The Benefits of Web Accessibility
    Accessibility, Accessible Design, User Experience, UX, Web Accessible Design, Website Accessibility

  • How to Make Data Tables Accessible

    Data tables are a powerful way to present structured information, but without proper attention to accessibility, they can exclude users with disabilities. Whether you’re a developer, content creator, or website owner, learning how to make your tables user-friendly for everyone is an essential skill.

    Accessibility standards like WCAG (Web Content Accessibility Guidelines) provide the foundation for creating inclusive data tables. By following best practices such as structuring your tables properly, adding meaningful headers, and ensuring compatibility with assistive technologies, you can enhance usability while meeting legal and ethical standards.

    Understanding the Basics of Accessible Tables

    Before diving into the specifics, it’s important to understand what makes a table accessible. Accessible tables are designed to be navigable and understandable by all users, including those who rely on screen readers or keyboard navigation. This means paying attention to the structure, design, and additional information like captions and summaries.

    The foundation of an accessible table lies in its structure. HTML provides semantic elements like <table>, <thead>, <tbody>, and <th> to organize your data logically. Using these elements correctly ensures that assistive technologies can interpret the table properly. For example, headers defined with <th> tags allow screen readers to associate data cells with their corresponding column or row, creating a more intuitive experience for users.

    Adding Headers, Captions, and Summaries

    Headers are one of the most critical components of an accessible table. They guide users in understanding what each data point represents. To define headers, use the <th> element, and consider including the scope attribute to indicate whether the header applies to a column, row, or group of columns and rows. For example, <th scope="col"> signals that the header applies to an entire column, while <th scope="row"> applies to a row.

    Captions and summaries provide additional context for your table. A caption, placed within the <caption> tag, serves as a brief title or description of the table’s purpose. Summaries, while not an HTML element, can be included to provide a detailed explanation of the table’s content, especially if it’s complex. This can be added through the <summary> attribute or as part of surrounding content. These elements are particularly valuable for screen reader users, offering them a quick overview of what to expect.

    Ensuring Compatibility with Screen Readers

    Screen readers rely on well-structured and semantically correct HTML to interpret tables. To optimize compatibility, avoid using tables for layout purposes. While this practice was common in the past, it confuses screen readers by mixing presentational and data tables. Instead, use CSS for layout and reserve tables strictly for data.

    Another crucial consideration is avoiding merged cells unless absolutely necessary. While colspan and rowspan attributes can be used to merge cells, they can make navigation more challenging for screen reader users. If your table requires merged cells, ensure that the relationships between headers and data are clearly defined with attributes like headers and id.

    Making Tables Keyboard-Friendly

    Keyboard accessibility is vital for users who cannot use a mouse. Accessible tables should allow users to navigate logically through rows and columns using only their keyboard. Test your table to ensure that tabbing through the data follows a predictable order.

    One way to achieve this is by maintaining a logical document flow. Keep your table simple and organized to prevent users from getting lost. If the table is part of a larger webpage, include clear instructions and use skip links to help users bypass unrelated content.

    Simplifying Complex Tables

    Complex tables with nested headers or multi-level data can be difficult to navigate, even for experienced users. Simplifying these tables can go a long way toward improving accessibility. Consider breaking down large, complicated tables into smaller, more manageable ones. You can also use additional tools like expandable rows or columns to provide details without overwhelming the user.

    For situations where simplifying isn’t feasible, invest extra effort in defining relationships between headers and data. Use the headers and id attributes to explicitly associate each cell with its relevant headers. This ensures that screen readers can convey the relationships accurately, even in intricate tables.

    Improving Readability with Responsive Design and Contrast

    Accessibility isn’t just about assistive technologies—it’s also about making content visually readable for users with low vision or cognitive challenges. Responsive design is essential for ensuring that your tables are accessible across devices. Use CSS to make your tables adapt to different screen sizes without losing clarity or functionality.

    High contrast is another key factor. Choose colors that provide sufficient contrast between text and background. WCAG recommends a contrast ratio of at least 4.5:1 for normal text and 3:1 for large text. Tools like WebAIM’s Contrast Checker can help you verify compliance.

    Testing Your Tables for Accessibility

    No matter how carefully you design your tables, testing is essential to identify and address potential issues. Start by using automated tools like the WAVE Web Accessibility Evaluation Tool to check for common errors. While these tools are helpful, they can’t catch everything, so manual testing is equally important.

    Test your table using a screen reader like NVDA or JAWS to experience it as a user with visual impairments would. Pay attention to how headers, captions, and data are announced. Does the screen reader navigate the table logically? Are all elements correctly identified and described?

    Keyboard testing is another critical step. Navigate through the table using only your keyboard to ensure that all interactive elements are accessible and functional.

    Why Accessible Tables Matter

    Accessible tables aren’t just about meeting legal requirements—they’re about creating a better user experience for everyone. By making your data tables accessible, you’re opening your content to a wider audience, including individuals with disabilities who rely on assistive technologies.

    Moreover, accessibility enhances usability for all users, not just those with disabilities. Features like clear headers, logical navigation, and responsive design make tables easier to use for everyone, whether they’re on a desktop computer or a smartphone.

    Conclusion

    Creating accessible data tables might require extra effort, but the benefits are well worth it. By following best practices like using proper structure, adding descriptive headers and captions, and ensuring compatibility with assistive technologies, you can make your tables both compliant and user-friendly.

    Remember, accessibility is an ongoing process. Stay informed about updates to guidelines like WCAG and continuously test your content to ensure it meets the highest standards. By prioritizing accessibility, you’re not just improving your website—you’re making the web a more inclusive space for all.

    Ready to take the first step? Partner with the experts at 216digital, who understand accessibility inside and out. Together, we can create a web that works for everyone—and protect your business in the process. Schedule your complimentary ADA briefing today to start your journey toward an accessible and compliant future.

    Greg McNeil

    December 11, 2024
    How-to Guides
    Accessibility, Data tables, How-to, web developers, web development, Website Accessibility

  • ADA Lawsuits: A Growing Concern in New York

    In recent years, New York has become a major hotspot for lawsuits related to digital accessibility under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). As businesses increasingly rely on websites, mobile apps, and other online tools, it is no longer enough to make physical spaces accessible. 

    Today, digital platforms must also meet the same standards of accessibility as brick-and-mortar stores. Failing to do so can place a business at risk for costly and time-consuming legal challenges. Nowhere is this truer than in New York, where state and federal laws and a welcoming environment for plaintiffs have combined to create a surge in such cases.

    It is important to understand why these lawsuits are happening and what your business can do to protect itself. By taking a close look at the trends, legal requirements, and strategies for achieving digital accessibility, companies can avoid expensive legal battles, improve their brand image, and tap into a wider range of customers.

    Why is Accessibility So Important?

    The ADA was created to ensure that people with disabilities have the same access and opportunities as everyone else. At first, many people focused on making physical spaces accessible. This included adding wheelchair ramps, elevators, and braille signs. Today, though, access also means making sure that websites, online stores, and mobile apps are easy for everyone to use. For example, a person with low vision may rely on a screen reader to understand the content on a website. If the site is not coded correctly, that user might struggle to shop online, book a hotel room, or order food.

    When websites are hard for people with disabilities to use, it doesn’t just cause frustration—it can also be illegal. The ADA applies to many online experiences, and New York’s own laws add even more layers of protection for people with disabilities. All businesses that sell products or services online need to understand these rules, especially if they serve customers in New York.

    Understanding the Rise in New York Lawsuits

    In 2023, more than 4,500 ADA-related digital lawsuits were filed across the country—about 500 more than the previous year. New York has been at the center of this growth. While it previously trailed California, New York now accounts for a large share of all website accessibility cases filed in federal and state courts. Some experts estimate that New York makes up nearly three-quarters of these claims nationwide.

    What is causing this surge? A few key factors stand out:

    Plaintiff-Friendly Courts

    New York courts have a history of being friendly toward plaintiffs in ADA cases. Judges in the state are often willing to recognize a wide range of digital platforms as places of “public accommodation” under the law. This means more online businesses can be held responsible for failing to meet accessibility standards.

    Multiple Layers of Law

    Businesses must follow both the federal ADA rules and New York’s own state laws, such as the New York State Human Rights Law (NYSHRL). The NYSHRL can offer extra paths for plaintiffs to sue, making it easier and more appealing to file claims in New York than in some other states.

    Active Plaintiffs and Law Firms

    New York is home to many “serial plaintiffs” and law firms that specialize in ADA lawsuits. These are individuals and groups who regularly file new claims, often targeting multiple businesses at once. Their ongoing efforts help drive up the total number of cases filed each year.

    Industries Under the Microscope

    All kinds of businesses have faced ADA lawsuits in New York. E-commerce sites, which sell everything from clothing to electronics, are often hit the hardest. Since most online shopping involves browsing pictures, reading descriptions, and clicking through links, any barrier for people with disabilities can lead to serious issues. For instance, a person who cannot see images needs text alternatives (often called “alt text”) to understand what is being sold. Without alt text, the shopping experience is blocked.

    Restaurants and hospitality businesses are also common targets. Online menus, booking systems, and reservation forms must be designed so that people using assistive technology can navigate through them. Even online videos need captions or audio descriptions for those who cannot see or hear well.

    Other industries, such as entertainment, real estate, banking, and healthcare, are also under scrutiny. If you run any kind of website that reaches customers in New York, there is a risk that you could face a lawsuit if your site is not accessible.

    You Don’t Have to Be Based in New York

    One common misunderstanding is that these lawsuits only affect businesses physically located in New York. That is not true. If your website or app is accessible to New York consumers—and especially if you sell goods or services to them—you can be drawn into a New York court. The internet is not limited by borders, and plaintiffs can argue that you are “doing business” in New York if you serve customers there.

    The Costs of Non-Compliance

    The financial consequences of being sued for ADA violations can be serious. Settlements can run anywhere from $10,000 to $100,000, and that does not include the cost of hiring lawyers, spending time in court, or fixing your website to meet legal standards after the fact. Beyond money, your company’s reputation is at stake. Customers who learn that you do not prioritize accessibility might choose to shop elsewhere.

    Moreover, ignoring accessibility means ignoring a huge market. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), about 26% of American adults live with a disability. They and their families represent hundreds of billions of dollars in spending power. Making your digital platforms welcoming to them is not just the right thing to do—it also makes good business sense.

    Keys to Avoiding Lawsuits: Proactive Accessibility

    The best way to avoid a lawsuit is to make your website or app accessible before anyone complains. Here are some steps you can take:

    Run an Accessibility Audit

    Start by checking your current digital platforms for common barriers. Use both automated scanning tools and manual testing by people with disabilities, if possible. Automated tools can highlight common issues, such as missing image descriptions or poor color contrast. Manual testers can provide real-world feedback on what it’s like to use your site with assistive technology.

    Meet WCAG Standards

    The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) are considered the gold standard for making web content accessible. WCAG 2.1 at the AA level is often the target that businesses aim to meet. These guidelines cover areas like making sure images have descriptive text, ensuring that videos have captions, and checking that all parts of the site can be reached with a keyboard instead of a mouse.

    Train Your Team

    Accessibility should not be an afterthought. Teach your web designers, developers, and content creators to build accessibility into their work from the start. Simple habits—like always adding alt text to images, using proper headings, and ensuring enough color contrast—can go a long way toward meeting legal requirements.

    Keep Accessibility in Mind When Updating

    The work does not end once you meet accessibility standards. Each time you add new content, update your platform, or roll out a new feature, test again to make sure it is still accessible. Accessibility is an ongoing process, not a one-time project. Tools like 216digital’s a11y.Radar service offer ongoing monitoring to help businesses stay ahead of potential issues.

    Seek Professional Help

    If you are uncertain about how to meet ADA requirements, consider reaching out to consultants or legal experts who specialize in ADA and NYSHRL compliance. They can guide you through the process, help you find the right tools, and make sure that your efforts meet current standards.

    Building an Inclusive Digital Presence

    Instead of seeing accessibility as a burden, consider it an opportunity. By welcoming all users, you show that you value fairness, inclusion, and excellent customer service. Making your site easier to navigate benefits everyone, not just people with disabilities. Clear layouts, good contrast, easy-to-understand language, and well-organized menus make the online experience better for all visitors.

    Plus, many accessibility improvements help with search engine optimization (SEO). For example, adding accurate captions to images or videos can help search engines understand your content, possibly boosting your ranking in search results. This can attract even more customers over time.

    A Changing Legalscape

    The surge in ADA accessibility lawsuits in New York is not just a short-term trend. It reflects a broader shift in how the internet is regulated and how society views equal access. Lawmakers, judges, and advocacy groups are paying closer attention to digital accessibility than ever before. It is wise to expect that these standards will continue to evolve and become even stricter over time.

    By acting now, you can keep up with changing rules and avoid being caught off guard. The earlier you start, the easier it is to maintain compliance as the laws and guidelines update.

    Take the First Step with 216digital

    Prioritizing digital accessibility is about more than avoiding lawsuits—it’s about doing what’s right for all your customers and creating an online experience that everyone can enjoy. For businesses that serve customers in New York, the urgency is clear. The state leads the nation in ADA accessibility lawsuits, and companies that fail to act risk legal challenges, financial loss, and damage to their reputation.

    The good news is that you don’t have to navigate these challenges alone. By scheduling an ADA briefing with 216digital, you can gain clarity on the legal requirements, identify gaps in your digital accessibility, and get expert advice on how to achieve compliance. Our team takes a human-centered approach, combining technical expertise with actionable strategies to protect your business and build a more inclusive online presence.

    Don’t wait for a lawsuit to take action. Schedule your ADA briefing with 216digital today, and let us help you stay ahead of the curve while creating a better digital experience for all.

    Greg McNeil

    December 10, 2024
    Legal Compliance
    Accessibility, ADA Compliance, ADA Lawsuit, web accessibility lawsuits, Website Accessibility

  • Progress Over Perfection: Steps Toward Digital Accessibility 

    In today’s digital world, creating websites and content that are accessible to everyone should be a top priority. But let’s face it — making your website completely accessible for every single user can feel like an overwhelming task. That’s where the concept of “progress over perfection” comes into play.

    Achieving digital accessibility isn’t a one-time fix. It’s an ongoing process of continuous improvement. If you aim for perfection from the start, you might get stuck, feel defeated, or even give up. But by focusing on making progress, even small steps, you can create a more inclusive online experience without the stress of reaching perfection right away.

    Let’s break down how you can start building a sustainable approach to digital accessibility with the right mindset, tools, and strategies.

    What Is Digital Accessibility?

    Before we dive into the “progress over perfection” mindset, let’s quickly talk about what digital accessibility really means. Simply put, it’s about making sure that all users, regardless of their abilities or disabilities, can access and use your website, apps, or digital content easily.

    This includes people who may be blind, deaf, have low vision, or have mobility challenges. It also covers people who have cognitive disabilities or those who just prefer to use assistive technology like screen readers, voice commands, or keyboard navigation.

    Digital accessibility can seem like a huge task at first, but it’s not about doing everything perfectly. It’s about making consistent improvements to ensure your site is usable by as many people as possible.

    The Problem with Perfectionism

    When you aim for perfection, the goal can feel so far out of reach that it becomes paralyzing. This is especially true with digital accessibility, where there are lots of technical guidelines and standards (like WCAG – Web Content Accessibility Guidelines) to follow. While these standards are great for ensuring accessibility, focusing on every little detail can slow you down.

    In reality, no website is perfect when it comes to accessibility. Users have different needs, and it’s impossible to design for every potential scenario at once. So, instead of feeling like you need to fix everything at the same time, shift your focus to continuous improvement. Every small step counts, and over time, those steps will add up to a more accessible and inclusive digital experience.

    Why Focus on Progress?

    The beauty of focusing on progress over perfection is that it’s achievable. It lets you start small, tackle the most pressing accessibility issues first, and then build on that foundation. As you implement changes, you’ll gradually improve the user experience, making it better for people with disabilities while also making your website more user-friendly for everyone.

    Here are some reasons why progress over perfection is the way to go for sustainable digital accessibility:

    1. You Don’t Get Stuck: Trying to achieve perfection can leave you frozen in place, unsure of where to start. By focusing on progress, you can tackle one problem at a time and move forward.
    2. It’s More Manageable: Rather than trying to fix everything at once, breaking down accessibility work into smaller tasks makes it more manageable and less overwhelming.
    3. You Can Build Momentum: When you make even small improvements, it creates a sense of accomplishment. This encourages you to keep making changes and adding new updates over time.
    4. It’s Realistic: Perfection doesn’t exist when it comes to accessibility. There will always be more to improve, so aiming for progress keeps you focused on what matters.

    Practical Tips for Achieving Digital Accessibility

    Now that we understand the importance of progress, let’s talk about some practical steps you can take to make real improvements to your site. You don’t need to do everything at once, but here’s how you can start moving toward a more accessible website today:

    Start with Low-Hanging Fruit

    When you’re just getting started, it’s helpful to identify and address the “low-hanging fruit” — the quick wins that will make the biggest impact with the least amount of effort. These might include:

    • Alt Text for Images: Add descriptive alt text to images so screen readers can convey the meaning of those images to users with visual impairments.
    • Keyboard Navigation: Make sure that all interactive elements (like forms, buttons, and links) can be accessed using only a keyboard.
    • Color Contrast: Ensure that text has enough contrast against the background so users with low vision can read it easily.

    By making these changes, you’re addressing immediate barriers that can make a huge difference in how accessible your website is for many users.

    Integrate Accessibility into Your Workflows

    To create long-term sustainability, accessibility shouldn’t be something you do only once or twice. It needs to be built into your everyday workflow. Whether you’re designing a new page, creating content, or updating a feature, think about accessibility from the start.

    Here are a few ways you can integrate accessibility into your routine:

    • Involve Accessibility from the Beginning: If you’re working on a new website or a redesign, include accessibility from the very start of the project. This way, accessibility considerations become part of the foundation.
    • Use Accessible Tools and Templates: Many website builders, content management systems (CMS), and templates have accessibility features built-in. Make sure you’re using those tools to save time and reduce errors.
    • Educate Your Team: Make sure everyone involved in content creation and site maintenance understands basic accessibility principles.

    Get Real Feedback from Users

    One of the best ways to improve accessibility is to hear directly from users. Real people with disabilities can give you valuable insight into how they experience your website and where the barriers lie. This is far more effective than guessing or relying solely on automated testing tools.

    You can:

    • Conduct User Testing: Recruit users with various disabilities to test your site and provide feedback. This can help you uncover issues you might have missed.
    • Engage with Your Audience: Ask for feedback through surveys or comments. Listen to your users, and if they point out areas for improvement, make a plan to address them.

    Use Tools for Continuous Monitoring

    To ensure your website stays accessible over time, use tools that can help you identify and fix problems as they arise. One such tool is a11y.Radar.

    A11y.Radar continuously scans your website for accessibility issues and provides you with actionable reports. This allows you to stay on top of accessibility improvements without needing to manually review your entire site. With regular scans, you can catch issues early and keep your site in good shape.

    It’s All About Consistent Improvement

    Remember, the goal of digital accessibility isn’t to be perfect; it’s to be inclusive. Every improvement you make is a step toward creating a better, more accessible experience for all your users. By focusing on progress over perfection, you’ll keep moving forward without getting stuck in the weeds.

    So, don’t be afraid to start small. Address the most pressing accessibility issues first, integrate accessibility into your workflows, engage with real users for feedback, and use tools to monitor your progress. Over time, you’ll create a website that’s not only accessible but sustainable in the long run — and that’s something to be proud of!

    If you’re ready to take the next step in your accessibility journey, schedule an ADA briefing with 216digital. Our experts can help you create a sustainable, actionable plan for achieving digital accessibility while mitigating risk. Let’s move forward together!

    Greg McNeil

    December 9, 2024
    Testing & Remediation, WCAG Compliance
    Accessibility, ADA Compliance, ADA Website Compliance, Web Accessibility Remediation, web development, Website Accessibility

  • Website Accessibility: Are Overlays Just Hiding the Problem?

    Creating an accessible website isn’t just about ticking a box. It’s about ensuring that every user, no matter their abilities, can navigate and benefit from your digital presence. Yet, for many business owners, the idea of tackling website accessibility can feel overwhelming. Enter accessibility overlays—those “quick fix” solutions promising to make your site compliant in a snap. Sounds perfect, right?

    Unfortunately, it’s too good to be true. Overlays don’t just fall short—they create more problems, leaving users frustrated and your business exposed to legal risks. Let’s cut through the noise and uncover the truth about why overlays are not the solution they claim to be.

    What Are Website Accessibility Overlays?

    Web accessibility overlays are tools or widgets that website owners can add to their sites to enhance website accessibility—or at least, that’s the promise They typically involve inserting a small JavaScript code snippet into your site, which then adds a floating button or widget. This button allows users to make adjustments, such as changing text size, altering color contrasts, or enabling screen reader compatibility.

    On the surface, overlays sound like a dream come true: a quick, low-cost way to improve website accessibility without needing a major redesign. But here’s the kicker: overlays only mask the problem. They don’t address the more profound, structural issues that make a website inaccessible in the first place. Worse, they can actually introduce new barriers, frustrating users with disabilities and leaving your business exposed to legal and reputational risks.

    Why Accessibility Overlays Are a Risky Shortcut

    Overlays Don’t Address Website Accessibility Barries

    Overlays operate on the surface, leaving your website’s underlying code untouched. If your site has poorly labeled buttons, inaccessible forms, or missing alt text, overlays won’t fix any of it. It’s like putting a fresh coat of paint on a crumbling wall—it looks fine for a moment, but the structural issues are still there. 

    So, what issues are ignored by AI and overlay widget tools?

    • Missing headings 
    • Missing alt text on images
    • Marked link text 
    • No labels on form fields
    • Required form fields not indicated
    • No submit button on forms or no clear button label

    While most of these issues may not be visible to all users, these issues are significant barriers to web users with disabilities. 

    Poor User Experience for People with Disabilities

    Ironically, overlays often create more barriers for people with disabilities instead of removing them. They frequently disrupt the functionality of assistive technologies like screen readers and keyboard navigation, making it harder—not easier—for users to navigate a site. Rather than complementing these tools, overlays can interfere with their operation, forcing users to abandon their preferred methods and engage with the overlay’s limited features. This undermines the independence and usability that assistive technologies are designed to provide.

    Website Accessibility is Not a One-Size-Fits-All Solution

    Disabilities are as diverse as the people who have them, and a one-size-fits-all overlay cannot possibly meet every user’s needs. Built on generalized assumptions, overlays often cater to a narrow set of requirements while neglecting others, leaving many users frustrated or excluded. For instance, individuals with cognitive disabilities may find overlays too complex or distracting, while those with motor impairments may struggle with poorly designed interactions.

    This cookie-cutter approach ignores the nuanced and personalized support that true accessibility demands, emphasizing the need for solutions that genuinely prioritize diverse user experiences.

    For more information on how overlays affect users’ experience, check out our article, “Are Web Accessibility Overlays Hurting Users?”

    They Increase Legal Liability

    Don’t fall for the myth that overlays will shield you from lawsuits. Courts and advocacy groups have repeatedly ruled that overlays don’t meet accessibility standards. In fact, relying on them might make your business a bigger target. By mid-2024, over 20% of web accessibility lawsuits were filed against companies using these widgets. 

    To make things even more challenging, businesses using overlays are now facing a new wave of copycat lawsuits. These lawsuits come from a new wave of ambulance chasers targeting companies that rely on third-party overlays. They know these tools often fall short of providing true accessibility. Tools like BuiltWith make it easy for anyone to see what a website is built with. With just a click, you can access a list of websites using a specific tool—like AccessiBe or another accessibility overlay.

    Why Genuine Website Accessibility Efforts Matter

    If overlays aren’t the answer, what is? Real website accessibility means going beyond surface-level fixes to create a seamless, inclusive experience for all users. It’s a commitment to quality, usability, and long-term success. Here’s why it’s worth the effort:

    Tailored Fixes Address Specific Barriers

    No two websites—or audiences—are the same. A manual accessibility audit identifies the unique issues impacting your users and ensures they’re resolved effectively.

    User Testing Guarantees Real-World Usability

    Involving people with disabilities in your testing process provides insights that automated tools and overlays simply can’t replicate. It’s the difference between assuming accessibility and truly delivering it.

    Sustainable Practices Build Long-Term Compliance

    Web accessibility is a continuous journey—not a one-time task. Genuine efforts focus on:

    • Training Your Team: Equip your content creators, designers, and developers with the skills and knowledge to maintain accessibility throughout the site’s lifecycle.
    • Ongoing Monitoring: Use accessibility tools to identify new issues as they arise. Websites evolve, and so do the standards and technologies that shape them.
    • Proactive Planning: Incorporate accessibility into every stage of your workflow, from initial design concepts to regular updates or redesigns. This proactive approach prevents future problems and keeps your site ahead of accessibility requirements.

    Practical Steps for Website Accessibility

    Ready to ditch the quick fixes? Here’s how to achieve genuine website accessibility:

    1. Start with an Audit: Identify your site’s barriers with a professional accessibility audit. This creates a roadmap for improvement.
    2. Remediate Issues: Work with developers to fix identified issues, such as:
      • Add alt text to images.
      • Improve keyboard navigation.
      • Fix form labels and color contrast.
    3. Test with Real Users: Ensure your changes work in the real world by testing with people who use assistive technologies.
    4. Monitor and Maintain: Accessibility is ongoing. Use tools like Accessibility Radar (a11y.Radar) to stay proactive and address new issues as they arise.
    5. Partner with Experts: Accessibility is complex—don’t go it alone. Experts can guide you through compliance and ensure your efforts truly make a difference.

    Don’t Settle for a Shortcut That Fails 

    Accessibility overlays might sound tempting, but they’re no substitute for meaningful action. By addressing website accessibility at its core, you create an inclusive, compliant, and user-friendly website.

    Don’t settle for shortcuts that leave your users frustrated and your business at risk. Instead, invest in meaningful changes that prioritize user experience, long-term success, and a digital space where everyone feels welcome.

    Ready to take the first step? Partner with the experts at 216digital, who understand accessibility inside and out. Together, we can create a web that works for everyone—and protect your business in the process. Schedule your complimentary ADA briefing today to start your journey toward an accessible and compliant future.

    Greg McNeil

    December 5, 2024
    Legal Compliance
    Accessibility, Overlay, screen overlays, Website Accessibility, Widgets

  • Responsive Web Design: How It Relates to Digital Accessibility

    Users on mobile devices make up about two-thirds of all web traffic, so having a responsive web design is crucial. With assistive technology on mobile devices, such as Voiceover on iOS, getting better daily, users with disabilities are using mobile devices more than ever. In this article, we’ll explore how to ensure your mobile-friendly design is accessible to users with disabilities.

    What Is Responsive Web Design?

    Responsive web design is an approach to web development that ensures a site’s layout and content automatically adapt to different screen sizes and orientations. With RWD, a single website seamlessly adjusts its appearance and functionality, whether viewed on a desktop, tablet, or smartphone.

    The cornerstone of RWD lies in flexible grids, fluid images, and media queries that allow the design to respond to its environment.

    Why Is Responsive Web Design Important for Accessibility?

    Responsive web design is not just about aesthetics—it’s about usability. For users with disabilities, a responsive site can mean the difference between a smooth experience and complete frustration. Here’s how RWD contributes to digital accessibility:

    • Consistency Across Devices: Users who rely on assistive technologies, such as screen readers or magnifiers, benefit from consistent layouts and predictable navigation across devices.
    • Adaptability for Custom Settings: Responsive designs better accommodate user-specific settings, such as increased font size or high-contrast modes.
    • Ease of Interaction: RWD makes touch targets (like buttons) appropriately sized and spaced for mobile users, which is especially critical for people with motor impairments.
    • Improved Readability: Dynamic text resizing and responsive typography ensure readability for users with low vision.

    Responsive vs. Adaptive Web Design: Which Is Better for Accessibility?

    Although often used interchangeably, responsive and adaptive web design are distinct approaches.

    • Responsive Web Design (RWD): Using media queries, a single design adjusts fluidly to fit various screen sizes.
    • Adaptive Web Design (AWD): Multiple fixed layouts are created for specific screen sizes, and the appropriate layout is served based on the user’s device.

    When it comes to accessibility, RWD generally has the edge. Here’s why:

    • Device-Agnostic: RWD caters to an infinite range of screen sizes, while AWD is limited to the predefined breakpoints for which layouts are designed.
    • Consistency: RWD ensures a uniform experience, while AWD may cause discrepancies between layouts, confusing users who rely on assistive technologies.

    However, both approaches can support accessibility when implemented thoughtfully.

    Common Responsive Web Design Pitfalls That Hurt Accessibility

    Even well-intentioned responsive designs can fall short of accessibility standards. Here are some common mistakes and how to avoid them:

    Inconsistent Navigation

    When navigation menus change drastically between screen sizes, users may struggle to find what they need—especially those relying on screen readers or keyboard navigation.

    Solution: Use consistent and predictable navigation patterns across all breakpoints. Test to ensure screen readers announce menus accurately.

    Inadequate Focus Indicators

    Focus indicators are critical for users navigating with a keyboard, yet they often disappear or become less visible on smaller screens.

    Solution: Design focus states that are prominent across all devices.

    button:focus {  
  outline: 3px solid #0078d7;  
}

    Overly Small Touch Targets

    Tiny buttons or links on mobile devices can be difficult for users with motor impairments to tap accurately.

    Solution: Follow WCAG recommendations for touch target sizes (at least 44×44 pixels) and maintain adequate spacing.

    Ignoring User Settings

    Some responsive designs override user preferences, like zooming or high-contrast modes, which can render content inaccessible.

    Solution: Allow user overrides by avoiding !important in CSS styles and ensuring zoom functionality is not disabled.

    Best Practices for Accessible Responsive Web Design

    To build an inclusive, responsive website, focus on these foundational principles:

    Use Semantic HTML

    Start with a solid foundation by using semantic HTML elements like <header>, <nav>, and <main>. These provide structure and meaning, making your content easier to navigate with assistive technologies.

    Design Flexible Layouts

    Build layouts that adapt fluidly to different screen sizes. Use relative units like percentages or em instead of fixed units like pixels.

    .container {  
  width: 90%;  
  max-width: 1200px;  
  margin: 0 auto;  
}   

    Implement Responsive Typography

    Readable text is crucial for accessibility. Use CSS techniques like clamp() to create scalable typography that adapts to the screen size:

    h1 {  
  font-size: clamp(1.5rem, 5vw, 2.5rem);  
}

    Test both manually and with automation, and invite feedback

    Whenever you complete development tasks or onboard new content or products, you should always use automated testing tools like WAVE and Google Lighthouse to ensure you do not introduce any new accessibility barriers. You should also regularly manually test your website using screen reading software. Ensure a link on your website invites user feedback if they encounter an accessibility barrier.

    Incorporate Media Queries Thoughtfully

    Media queries are the backbone of RWD. Use them to adjust layouts without sacrificing usability.

    @media (max-width: 768px) {  
  .nav {  
    display: none;  
  }  
  .mobile-menu {  
    display: block;  
  }  
}   

    Leverage ARIA Sparingly

    Accessible Rich Internet Applications (ARIA) attributes can enhance accessibility but should not replace semantic HTML. For instance, use aria-expanded to indicate whether a collapsible menu is open or closed.

    <button aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="menu">Menu</button>  
<div id= "menu" hidden>  
  <!-- Menu items -->  
</div>

    Optimize for Performance

    Slow-loading pages frustrate all users but can disproportionately affect those with disabilities. Compress images, minify CSS and JavaScript, and use responsive images to improve load times.

    Testing Responsiveness and Accessibility

    A responsive site isn’t automatically accessible—it needs testing. Here are some tools and methods to ensure your RWD supports digital accessibility:

    • Browser DevTools: Use responsive design modes to preview your site on various screen sizes.
    • Accessibility Testing Tools: Tools like Lighthouse can identify issues like missing alt text or insufficient contrast.
    • User Testing: Engage users with disabilities to test your site’s usability.
    • Mobile Testing: Use actual devices, not just simulators, to test responsiveness and accessibility together.

    Conclusion

    Many web owners focus specifically on the inclusivity of their desktop websites but do not specifically test their mobile views. With most traffic, including users with disabilities, using mobile devices, it’s more important than ever to ensure that all versions of your website, regardless of screen size, are accessible to everyone.

    If you’d like an expert evaluation of your mobile site’s accessibility, contact 216digital using the contact form below.

    Greg McNeil

    December 4, 2024
    How-to Guides
    Accessibility, ecommerce design, responsive web design, RWD, web development, Website Accessibility

  • When Is Web Accessibility Most Easily Achieved?

    Creating an inclusive digital experience is no longer optional; it’s critical to building modern websites and applications. Accessibility for websites ensures that all users, including those with disabilities, can access, navigate, and interact with your content. While achieving accessibility at any stage is commendable, it’s most efficient and effective when integrated early in development. By starting accessibility efforts from the initial design planning phase and continuing through coding and content creation, businesses can ensure smoother workflows, cost efficiency, and an inclusive user experience.

    Why Start Early?

    Integrating accessibility early in the website development lifecycle is not just a best practice—it’s a necessity. Here’s why:

    Cost Efficiency

    Addressing accessibility for websites issues after a site is live can be expensive and time-consuming. According to research, fixing a bug during the design phase costs significantly less than fixing it post-launch. Early integration avoids retrofitting, often requiring revisiting designs, rewriting code, and reworking content.

    Smoother Workflows

    When accessibility for websites is built into your processes, teams can proactively anticipate and address potential issues rather than scrambling to fix problems at the last minute. This approach minimizes disruptions and fosters collaboration across design, development, and content teams.

    Better User Experience

    Accessibility enhances usability for everyone. By focusing on inclusivity from the beginning, you create a website that’s compliant and offers a seamless experience for all users, regardless of their abilities.

    Best Practices for Early Integration

    Integrating accessibility into your website development process from the outset ensures a smoother workflow, reduces costs, and creates a more inclusive user experience. The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG)—an internationally recognized set of standards for digital accessibility—serve as a foundational resource for implementing these practices. By incorporating WCAG principles early, you align your project with best practices while creating a platform that everyone can use.

    Incorporate Accessibility into Design

    Design is the foundation of an accessible website. Thoughtful design choices can prevent significant barriers from arising. Here’s how to ensure accessibility for websites from the beginning:

    • Color Contrast: Use color combinations that meet WCAG’s minimum contrast ratio of 4.5:1 for body text and 3:1 for larger text. This ensures readability for users with visual impairments.
    • Responsive and Scalable Fonts: Implement relative units like em or rem for font sizing, enabling users to resize text as needed without breaking layouts.
    • Keyboard Navigation: Ensure all interactive elements (like buttons, forms, and menus) are fully operable with a keyboard alone, vital for users who cannot use a mouse.
    • Accessible Visual Cues: Design clear focus states for interactive elements so users navigating with a keyboard can see which element is currently active.

    Use Semantic HTML

    Semantic HTML improves the usability of your website for assistive technologies and enhances the experience for all users. Here’s why it matters:

    • Meaningful Tags: Use HTML5 elements like <header>, <nav>, <main>, and <footer> to give structure to your page. These tags help screen readers and other assistive technologies provide context to users.
    • Proper Use of ARIA: Use Accessible Rich Internet Applications (ARIA) attributes only when semantic HTML cannot achieve the same functionality. Incorrect or excessive ARIA use can introduce unnecessary complexity.

    Test Accessibility Throughout Development

    Testing ensures your website is inclusive at every stage of its lifecycle. It helps detect and resolve potential barriers before they become costly problems. Follow these strategies:

    • Assistive Technology Testing: Use tools like NVDA, JAWS, or VoiceOver to simulate real-world interactions and ensure your site is accessible to users relying on screen readers or magnifiers.
    • Automated Testing Tools: Tools like WAVE, or Lighthouse can quickly identify common accessibility issues. Use them as part of your continuous integration process.
    • Manual Testing: Combine automated testing with manual reviews to catch issues that tools might miss, such as ensuring logical tab order or meaningful link text.
    • Iterative Testing: Conduct accessibility tests at critical milestones—during design, during development, and before launch.

    Write Inclusive Content

    Content creators play a crucial role in making a website accessible. Accessible content ensures that all users can engage with your site meaningfully:

    • Alternative Text for Images: Provide concise yet descriptive alt text for all non-decorative images. This ensures users with visual impairments understand the context.
    • Descriptive Links: Avoid vague link text like “click here.” Instead, use text that describes the link’s purpose, such as “Download the user manual.”
    • Structured Headings: Use a logical heading hierarchy (e.g., <h1> for the main title, followed by <h2> and <h3> for subsections) to improve navigation.
    • Multimedia Accessibility: Provide captions for videos and transcripts for audio content to accommodate users with hearing impairments and improve SEO.

    Common Mistakes to Avoid

    Delaying Accessibility Checks

    One of the most common missteps is treating accessibility as an afterthought. Waiting until the end to check for compliance often results in rushed fixes that must be more thorough and effective.

    Over-reliance on Automation

    While automated tools are excellent for flagging issues, they can’t catch everything. Manual testing and user feedback are essential for identifying nuanced accessibility barriers.

    Neglecting Maintenance

    Accessibility is not a one-time task. Regular updates, content changes, and new features can introduce barriers if not correctly managed. Continuous monitoring is essential to maintaining compliance.

    Actionable Advice for Integrating Accessibility

    Educate Your Team

    Invest in accessibility training for your design, development, and content teams. Understanding the principles of accessibility empowers everyone to contribute to an inclusive user experience.

    Adopt Accessibility Checklists

    Incorporate WCAG guidelines into your project workflows with easy-to-follow checklists. These ensure that no critical steps are overlooked during design or development.

    Engage Accessibility Experts

    Consulting with experts early can save time and resources. They can provide audits, training, and guidance tailored to your project’s needs.

    Build Accessibility Into Your Workflow

    Use tools like GitHub to integrate accessibility checks into your code repositories. Automated testing scripts can flag issues as developers commit code.

    Monitor Accessibility Post-Launch

    Deploy ongoing monitoring tools like a11y.Radar to track compliance and detect issues as they arise. Regular audits ensure your website remains accessible as it evolves.

    Conclusion

    Website accessibility is most efficiently and effectively achieved when treated as a core part of the development process. By starting accessibility for websites efforts early—at the design stage—and continuing them through coding, content creation, and post-launch maintenance, businesses can avoid costly mistakes, streamline workflows, and create an inclusive user experience.

    The benefits of early integration are clear: reduced costs, enhanced usability, and compliance with legal standards. By embracing best practices like using semantic HTML, testing with assistive technologies, and prioritizing continuous testing, organizations can set themselves up for success.

    Remember, accessibility isn’t just about meeting regulations—it’s about making your website welcoming and usable for everyone. Start early, stay committed, and reap the rewards of an accessible, inclusive digital presence.

    Ready to make accessibility a cornerstone of your web strategy?

    Schedule an ADA briefing with 216digital today. Our experts are here to guide you through creating a website that’s not only compliant but also exceptional in user experience. Contact us to take the first step toward an inclusive digital future.

    Greg McNeil

    December 2, 2024
    Testing & Remediation
    Accessibility Remediation, Web Accessibility, Web Accessibility Remediation, Website Accessibility

  • A Guide to Web Accessibility Evaluation Tools

    Creating a website that works for everyone isn’t just about ticking off legal checkboxes—it’s about ensuring every visitor, regardless of ability, can navigate your site with ease and enjoy their experience. Even if you’re familiar with web accessibility, it’s easy to wonder: Have I missed anything? Are there barriers I didn’t notice?

    As digital inclusion becomes increasingly vital, ensuring your website is truly accessible is essential. So, how can you confidently create a welcoming space for all? That’s where web accessibility evaluation tools come in.

    These tools simplify the process of identifying and addressing barriers, helping you build an inclusive website while enhancing the user experience. Let’s explore how they work, why they matter, and how to choose the right one for your needs.

    What Are Web Accessibility Evaluation Tools?

    Web accessibility evaluation tools are designed to analyze websites for accessibility issues. Think of these tools as the first line of defense in identifying problems that might hinder someone with visual, auditory, or cognitive impairments from fully engaging with your content.

    These tools scan your website pinpointing issues like poor color contrast, missing alt text for images, or broken keyboard navigation. Some go further, offering continuous monitoring and integration with development workflows.

    Why Are They Important?

    Using a web accessibility evaluation tool is more than a technical step—it’s a commitment to inclusivity and compliance. Here’s why they’re indispensable:

    • WCAG Compliance: Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) standards are the backbone of digital accessibility. Tools help you identify and address non-compliance to avoid legal risks.
    • User Experience: Accessibility isn’t just for people with disabilities; it improves usability for everyone. For example, captions benefit not only those who are deaf but also people in noisy environments.
    • Boost Brand Reputation: An accessible website shows your commitment to inclusion, fostering goodwill and loyalty among your audience.
    • Legal Protection: With lawsuits over inaccessible websites on the rise, staying compliant minimizes legal vulnerabilities.

    Benefits of Using Web Accessibility Evaluation Tools

    • Efficient Issue Detection: Automated tools can scan your website in minutes, identifying accessibility barriers that might take hours to find manually.
    • Enhancing the User Journey: Accessibility issues often overlap with usability problems. Fixing these barriers creates a smoother and more enjoyable experience for all visitors.
    • Avoiding Legal Issues: Addressing accessibility gaps proactively reduces the likelihood of being targeted by lawsuits related to digital accessibility.
    • Cost-Effective Improvements: Automated tools are an affordable starting point for businesses that need to improve their websites without a major investment.
    • Sustained Accessibility: Continuous monitoring ensures your website remains accessible even as you update or expand its content.

    How to Choose the Right Accessibility Evaluation Tool

    When selecting a tool, start by asking these questions:

    • What’s my budget?
    • Do I need ongoing monitoring or a one-time scan?
    • How user-friendly does the tool need to be for my team?

    For small businesses, look for tools with simple interfaces and strong customer support. Larger organizations may need advanced features like integrations and robust reporting.One tool worth considering is Accessibility Radar (a11y.Radar), which provides real-time monitoring, actionable insights, and scalable solutions for businesses of all sizes.

    What to Look for in Web Accessibility Evaluation Tools

    Not all tools are created equal. To get the most out of a web accessibility evaluation tool, focus on these features:

    • Automated Scanning: Quickly detect common issues like missing ARIA labels or unstructured content to get a big-picture view of potential accessibility gaps.
    • Real-Time Monitoring: For frequently updated websites, real-time monitoring ensures new issues are caught as they appear. Tools like a11y.Radar  excel at providing continuous oversight.
    • Integration Options: Choose tools that integrate seamlessly with your existing systems, such as your CMS, analytics platforms, or development tools.
    • Actionable Reporting: Look for tools that provide clear, prioritized reports so your team knows where to focus their efforts.
    • Customizability: Tailor the tool to address your site’s unique needs and align with relevant accessibility standards.

    a11y.Radar ADA Monitoring 

    a11y.Radar is an automated recurring ADA web compliance auditing platform. Through our work in the trenches of the ADA web remediation space, we were able to reverse-engineer the process in which many of the prolific ADA non-compliance lawsuit firms identify their targets. We realized that the vast majority of cases are filed solely based on the results of automated scanning tools, so we developed Accessibility Radar as a hands-off method of keeping you out of their crosshairs.

    How Does a11y.Radar ADA Monitoring Work?  

    a11y.Radar ADA monitoring service reports on your ongoing accessibility efforts, whether conducted by your internal digital teams or an outside web agency. Access enhanced dashboards and receive updates to content, code, and user experience that could pose potential blocks to users or threaten your accessibility standards. In addition, our seamless interface allows your team members to view current issues and manage pending adjustments.

    Limitations of Automated Tools

    It’s important to acknowledge that even the best web accessibility evaluation tool can’t catch everything. Automated tools are great for spotting obvious issues, but they might miss nuances that only a human can detect. For example, determining whether alt text appropriately describes an image often requires human judgment.

    To bridge these gaps, combine automated tools with manual testing. This hands-on approach helps identify issues that software alone can’t catch. This means involving people—preferably those with disabilities or experts in web accessibility—in testing your website. Manual testing can uncover issues related to usability and user experience that automated tools might overlook.

    Practical Tips for Using Accessibility Tools

    • Start with an Automated Scan: Identify low-hanging fruit like fixing color contrast or adding alt text to images.
    • Prioritize Fixes: Focus on the most significant barriers affecting users, such as navigation or text readability.
    • Educate Your Team: Make sure your developers and content creators understand the tool’s insights and how to implement changes effectively.
    • Schedule Regular Checks: Accessibility is an ongoing process, not a one-time task. Use tools to monitor your site periodically.

    Make Accessibility a Priority

    Digital accessibility isn’t just a legal consideration—it’s a business advantage. By using web accessibility evaluation tools like a11y.Radar, you can identify barriers, enhance user experience, and demonstrate your commitment to inclusivity.

    Ready to take the next step toward a more accessible website? Schedule an ADA briefing with 216digital to learn how a11y.Radar can provide real-time monitoring and actionable insights tailored to your needs. Together, we’ll help you build an inclusive, user-friendly website that welcomes everyone.

    By investing in accessibility, you’re investing in your audience and building a stronger, more inclusive brand. Don’t wait—reach out to 216digital today and make your website a space where everyone feels welcome.

    Greg McNeil

    November 25, 2024
    Testing & Remediation, Web Accessibility Monitoring
    Accessibility, Accessibility monitoring, Accessibility testing, evaluation tools, Website Accessibility, Website Accessibility Tools

  • Accessible Chatbots: Breaking Barriers in Support

    Nowadays, customers have come to expect support and product help on-demand, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. It is only possible for some businesses to provide human assistance at all times – that’s where chatbots come in. These tools can be invaluable to users and business owners alike, but it’s essential to ensure that people with disabilities can gain access to the same support. Let’s explore the concept of accessible chatbots.

    Why Chatbot Accessibility Matters

    Imagine trying to resolve an urgent issue on a website, only to find the chatbot—your primary source of help—completely unusable. For many people with disabilities, this scenario is all too common.

    Accessible chatbots aren’t just about meeting legal requirements like ADA (Americans with Disabilities Act) compliance or adhering to  WCAG (Web Content Accessibility Guidelines) standards; they’re about creating a seamless experience for everyone. When designed thoughtfully, chatbots can be a powerful tool for inclusivity. But when accessibility is overlooked, they can alienate an entire segment of your audience.

    Common Barriers in AI Chatbots

    Incompatible with Screen Readers

    Many chatbots need more critical semantic HTML features like landmarks and incorrectly use HTML tags, causing a confusing or frustrating experience.

    Keyboard Navigation Failures

    Chatbots often lack keyboard support, requiring mouse clicks to open or interact. Users with disabilities rely on the ability to navigate content and functionality with alternative input methods like keyboards, voice commands, and gestures.

    Unclear or Missing Focus Indicators

    Focus indicators—the visual cues showing where a user is on a page—are often missing in chatbots. Without these, keyboard users may lose track of where they are in the conversation flow.

    Overly Complex or Jumbled Responses

    Chatbots tend to present information in long blocks of text or overly complicated formats. For users with cognitive disabilities, this can be overwhelming and hard to follow.

    Time Constraints

    Some chatbots automatically close after a period of inactivity, which can disadvantage users who need more time to read or type responses.

    Lack of Alternative Communication Options

    Chatbots often act as the sole method of contact, leaving users without alternative ways to reach support if they can’t use the chatbot.

    How to Build an Accessible Chatbot

    Making your chatbot accessible doesn’t have to be daunting. By following WCAG guidelines and implementing these best practices, you can create a more inclusive experience:

    Use Semantic HTML for Chatbot Elements

    Building an accessible chatbot does not require any specialized experience – you can apply the same general best practices to achieve accessible elements. Use the correct semantic HTML tags for each component you create, such as button or input elements.

    Here’s an example of an accessible chatbot button:

    <button aria-label="Open chatbot" id="chatbot-open-button">  
  Chat with us  
</button>

    The aria-label ensures that screen readers convey the button’s purpose to users.

    Support Keyboard Navigation

    Your chatbot should be fully functional with just a keyboard. Test whether users can open, navigate, and interact with the chatbot using the Tab and arrow keys.

    For example, ensure focus moves logically through the chatbot interface:

    document.querySelector('#chatbot-input').focus();  

    Provide Descriptive ARIA Labels

    ARIA (Accessible Rich Internet Applications) roles and attributes can bridge gaps in accessibility, but they must be used carefully. Assign roles like aria-live to update users on dynamic content.

    <div role="alert" aria-live="polite" id="chatbot-messages">  
  Welcome! How can I assist you today?  
</div>

    Using aria-live ensures that screen readers announce new messages in real time.

    Design with Simplicity in Mind

    Avoid overwhelming users with large blocks of text. Break responses into smaller chunks and provide clear, concise answers.

    Allow for Adjustable Timing

    Let users control the session duration. If the chatbot times out, allow them to restart the session without losing previous messages.

    setTimeout(() => {  
  alert('The chatbot session has timed out. Click to resume.');  
}, 300000);   

    Include Accessible Focus Indicators

    Make sure users can see which element is currently focused. Use CSS to style focus indicators:

    button:focus {  
  outline: 2px solid #005fcc;  
  outline-offset: 2px;  
}

    Provide Alternatives to Chatbots

    Not everyone can—or wants to—use a chatbot. Always include alternative ways to contact your business, like email or phone.

    Testing Chatbot Accessibility

    Testing is critical for identifying and fixing accessibility issues. Here are some methods to ensure your chatbot meets accessibility standards:

    Manual Testing with Screen Readers

    Test the chatbot using screen readers like NVDA or JAWS. Check if labels, navigation, and dynamic updates work as intended.

    Keyboard Navigation Tests

    Navigate the entire chatbot interface using only a keyboard. Make sure the focus moves logically, and that all interactions are possible.

    Automated Tools

    Use tools like Lighthouse to identify accessibility issues in your chatbot’s code.

    User Feedback

    Invite users with disabilities to test the chatbot and provide feedback. Their real-world experiences will highlight areas you may have missed.

    Meeting WCAG Standards for Chatbots

    The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) provide a roadmap for making chatbots more inclusive. Key criteria to consider include:

    • 1.3.1: Info and Relationships
    • Ensure that chatbot components are semantically structured and that relationships between elements are apparent.
    • 2.1.1: Keyboard Accessibility
    • All chatbot functions must be accessible via keyboard.
    • 2.4.7: Focus Visible
    • Ensure users can see where they are within the chatbot interface.
    • 4.1.2: Name, Role, Value
    • Use ARIA roles and labels to make interactive elements understandable to assistive technologies.

    Wrapping Up

    All the functionality on your website is helpful in some way to your users, or else you wouldn’t include it on your site. All functionality on your website should be accessible to everyone, especially chatbots.

    Remember to test your chatbot with screen readers, ensure keyboard compatibility, and always provide alternative ways to connect. Inclusive design benefits your business by reaching a broader audience and creating a better user experience for all.

    If you’re unsure if your chatbot is accessible to everyone, reach out to 216digital using the contact form below.

    Greg McNeil

    November 22, 2024
    How-to Guides
    Accessibility, Chatbots, web developers, web development, Website Accessibility

  • How Accessibility Widgets Can Put Businesses at Risk

    Web-accessibility overlays, also known as accessibility widgets, promise an easy, one-click solution to achieving compliance with web-accessibility standards like the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG). These widgets often claim to make websites instantly accessible to people with disabilities while shielding businesses from legal action.

    However, this promise is often too good to be true. Overlays have significant limitations, and relying solely on them can expose businesses to legal, reputational, and financial risks. This article will explore why overlays fall short, the dangers of assuming they are sufficient, and why companies need a more comprehensive approach to web-accessibility.

    What Are Website Accessibility Overlays?

    Accessibility overlays are third-party tools or scripts integrated into a website. They offer text resizing, color contrast adjustments, screen reader compatibility, and keyboard navigation. For businesses seeking quick solutions, these widgets appear convenient and cost-effective.

    Yet, accessibility experts and advocacy groups frequently criticize overlays for failing to address core accessibility issues. Many users with disabilities report that these tools do not work as advertised and often create more barriers than they remove.

    Legal Risks of Accessibility Overlays

    The legal landscape surrounding web-accessibility has become increasingly complex. Businesses in the United States are required to provide equal access under laws like the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and, in some cases, the Rehabilitation Act. Non-compliance can result in lawsuits, financial penalties, and settlement costs.

    Here’s how overlays contribute to legal risks:

    False Sense of Compliance

    Overlays often give businesses a false sense of security by claiming compliance with WCAG standards. However, these widgets rarely fix underlying issues in the website’s code, which is the root of most accessibility barriers.

    Courts have consistently ruled that overlays are not a substitute for full compliance. For example, in cases like Robles v. Domino’s Pizza, the courts emphasized that businesses must address accessibility holistically, not rely on third-party fixes.

    Increased Legal Vulnerability

    Recent lawsuits have specifically targeted companies that rely on overlays. Plaintiffs argue that these tools fail to provide meaningful access and do not meet legal standards. Businesses using overlays can face repeat litigation from multiple plaintiffs or “copycat” lawsuits.

    Misleading Claims

    Overlays that advertise themselves as ADA-compliant solutions may expose businesses to additional liability under consumer protection laws for misleading claims.

    Reputational Risks of Accessibility Overlays

    In today’s socially conscious marketplace, accessibility is not just a legal requirement but a moral and ethical imperative. Failing to address accessibility authentically can damage a business’s reputation.

    Negative Feedback from Users

    Many individuals with disabilities report that overlays interfere with assistive technologies like screen readers and fail to improve their browsing experience. Frustrated users often take to social media to share their negative experiences, leading to bad publicity.

    Advocacy Group Backlash

    Disability advocacy groups are increasingly vocal about the ineffectiveness of overlays. A public campaign against a company for using a widget as a “quick fix” can tarnish its brand and alienate customers who value inclusivity.

    Erosion of Trust

    Businesses relying on overlays signal a lack of commitment to genuine accessibility. This can lead to diminished trust among consumers, especially in industries like retail, education, and healthcare, where accessibility expectations are high.

    Financial Risks of Accessibility Overlays

    The financial consequences of relying on accessibility overlays extend beyond potential lawsuits. They can lead to hidden costs that outweigh their initial affordability.

    Recurring Costs Without Long-Term Benefits

    Overlays typically operate on a subscription model, requiring ongoing payments. Despite these recurring costs, they fail to deliver permanent solutions, forcing businesses to invest in comprehensive remediation eventually.

    Cost of Legal Defense

    Defending against accessibility lawsuits is costly, even if a case doesn’t reach trial. Businesses relying on overlays may face higher legal expenses due to their inability to demonstrate genuine efforts toward compliance.

    Lost Revenue from Alienated Customers

    Accessibility barriers can drive away potential customers, especially in e-commerce. An inaccessible website limits the purchasing power of individuals with disabilities, who collectively control over $490 billion in disposable income in the United States alone.

    The Limitations of Accessibility Overlays

    Accessibility overlays are inherently limited because they address only surface-level issues. They do not fix the underlying structural problems in a website’s code. Key limitations include:

    • Incompatibility with Assistive Technology: Many widgets fail to work seamlessly with screen readers, keyboard navigation, or voice recognition software.
    • Partial Coverage: Overlays often address only a narrow set of accessibility issues, leaving gaps that continue to exclude users with disabilities.
    • Unintended Consequences: Some overlays introduce new barriers, such as excessive pop-ups, poor usability, or errors that disrupt the browsing experience.

    These limitations highlight why overlays cannot replace a robust accessibility strategy.

    A More Authentic Approach to Web-Accessibility

    To truly achieve accessibility, businesses must move beyond quick fixes and invest in comprehensive, authentic solutions. A holistic approach includes:

    Accessibility Audits

    Conducting thorough manual and automated audits to identify all accessibility barriers on a website. An audit provides a clear roadmap for remediation.

    Remediation of Core Issues

    Fixing the underlying code to ensure compliance with WCAG standards. This involves addressing issues like semantic HTML, proper labeling of forms, and ensuring content is perceivable, operable, understandable, and robust (POUR principles).

    Ongoing Maintenance

    Accessibility is not a one-time project. Regular updates, testing, and monitoring ensure that websites remain compliant as technology evolves.

    User-Centered Design

    Involving users with disabilities in the design and testing process ensures that solutions meet real-world needs.

    Expert Partnerships

    Partnering with accessibility experts helps businesses navigate complex legal requirements and implement effective solutions. Services like 216digital’s a11y.Radar provides ongoing monitoring to maintain compliance and reduce the risk of lawsuits.

    Why Businesses Should Avoid the Widget Trap

    While accessibility overlays may seem like a quick fix, their limitations and associated risks make them a poor choice for businesses serious about accessibility. A genuine commitment to accessibility requires addressing the root causes of inaccessibility, not just the symptoms.

    Schedule an ADA Briefing with 216digital

    If you’re ready to move beyond widgets and take meaningful steps toward true web-accessibility, schedule an ADA briefing with 216digital. Our team of experts will guide you through understanding accessibility standards, identifying areas for improvement, and implementing solutions tailored to your business. With tools like our a11y.Radar service for ongoing monitoring, we’ll help ensure that your website not only meets compliance requirements but also provides a user-friendly experience for everyone.

    By investing in a robust and authentic approach, businesses can avoid the legal, reputational, and financial pitfalls of relying on overlays. More importantly, they can create an inclusive digital experience that serves all users, regardless of ability.

    Greg McNeil

    November 20, 2024
    Legal Compliance
    Accessibility, ADA Compliance, Overlay, Overlay widgets, Website Accessibility, Widgets
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