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  • Web Accessibility Compliance Under the Equality Act

    Digital accessibility is about ensuring everyone can use your website—no exceptions. While most U.S. website owners focus on ADA compliance, a lesser-known yet impactful piece of legislation from across the pond is the Equality Act 2010. Let’s dive into how this U.K. law impacts your digital space and how you can make your website an inclusive haven for everyone.

    Understanding the Equality Act 2010

    The Equality Act 2010 is a U.K. law aimed at protecting individuals from discrimination in areas like employment, education, and access to services. It ensures equal opportunities for all, regardless of disability, age, gender, race, or religion.

    Although the Act doesn’t mention websites specifically, the “reasonable adjustments” principle applies to digital platforms. If you’re serving U.K. customers, ensuring everyone can navigate your site is your obligation.

    How Does the Equality Act Apply to Web Accessibility?

    Reasonable adjustments under the Equality Act could look like:

    • Screen reader-friendly navigation: Help visually impaired users navigate through your site.
    • Color contrast that pops: Make text stand out for those with visual challenges.
    • Captions and transcripts: Add these to videos and audio files for hearing-impaired users.
    • Keyboard navigation: Ensure people who can’t use a mouse can still explore every corner of your site.

    Failing to meet these expectations could result in legal trouble. Plus, it’s likely to leave users frustrated.

    Why Should U.S. Website Owners Care?

    The internet has no borders. You’re in the Equality Act’s jurisdiction if your website gets U.K. visitors. Accessibility isn’t just about avoiding lawsuits. It’s about:

    • Expanding your audience: More accessibility means more customers.
    • Boosting your brand: Inclusivity is a good look for any business.
    • Improving user experience: Accessible sites work better for everyone. Think faster loading and easier navigation.

    Steps to Achieve Web Accessibility Compliance

    1. Adopt WCAG Standards

    Start with the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG 2.1 AA or WCAG 2.2). Key highlights include:

    • Text alternatives: Describe images for screen readers.
    • Adaptable layouts: Ensure your site looks great on all screen sizes.
    • Color contrast: Make text legible against its background.
    • Keyboard navigation: Interact with all the elements on your site without requiring a mouse.

    2. Conduct an Accessibility Audit

    Run your site through tools like WAVE or Google Lighthouse to spot barriers. Pair this with manual testing—real users with disabilities will catch things that machines miss. Pay extra attention to:

    • Navigation menus (don’t let these turn into a digital labyrinth).
    • Forms and fields (labels and instructions should be crystal clear).
    • Media files (videos need captions, images need alt text).

    3. Implement Inclusive Design Practices

    Accessibility isn’t a retrofit—it’s part of the blueprint. Here’s how:

    • Use readable fonts and scalable text sizes.
    • Structure content with clear headings.
    • Make buttons big enough to click without precision aiming.

    4. Train Your Team

    Your developers and designers are the architects of accessibility. Offer training so they can:

    • Write stellar alt text. No “image.jpg” placeholders!
    • Test new features for accessibility.
    • Create forms and tables that work for everyone.

    5. Monitor and Update Regularly

    Web accessibility isn’t a one-and-done deal. Use tools like a11y.Radar for ongoing monitoring. Keep tweaking as tech evolves.

    Benefits of Web Accessibility

    Making your site accessible isn’t just a nice thing to do. It’s smart business. Here’s why:

    • Expand Your Audience: Capture the attention of millions of users with disabilities.
    • Boost SEO: Accessible sites rank better on Google.
    • Enhance User Experience: Accessibility features often make navigation a breeze for everyone.
    • Mitigate Legal Risks: Stay on the right side of the law while avoiding reputation hits.

    Common Pitfalls to Avoid

    • Relying Solely on Overlays: Widgets can lead to more barriers for visually impaired users and future litigation.
    • Ignoring Mobile Users: Accessibility applies to all devices.
    • Skipping User Testing: Automated tools miss the human touch.

    Take Action Today

    The Equality Act 2010 highlights the importance of inclusivity, even in the digital world. By embracing accessibility, you’re not just complying with laws—you’re inviting everyone to do business with you.

    Start by adopting WCAG standards, auditing your site, and building accessibility into your design process. Need help? Tools like a11y.Radar and expert resources can guide you every step of the way.

    Remember, making your website accessible isn’t just about obligation—it’s an opportunity to connect with a broader audience and create a truly welcoming online space.

    Kayla Laganiere

    January 14, 2025
    Legal Compliance
    Accessibility, Equality Act, International Accessibility Laws, WCAG, Web Accessibility
  • Writing Code for Web Accessibility: A Guide for Developers

    Coding often feels like speaking a secret language—it’s complex, intricate, and incredibly rewarding. Including web accessibility in your workflow isn’t about reinventing the wheel; it’s about refining your craft to ensure your work reaches everyone. Accessible code builds on the practices you already know, with small adjustments that make a significant impact. In this guide, we’ll explore actionable steps to help you create accessible, user-friendly websites that leave no user behind.

    What Is Accessible Code?

    Accessible code ensures everyone can interact with your website, regardless of ability. Following standards like the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) helps create an inclusive space for all users. By integrating accessibility, you’re not just meeting legal requirements but building a better, more welcoming web experience.

    Accessibility encompasses several aspects, including:

    • Visual Accessibility: Making visual content perceivable by users with visual impairments, often through tools like screen readers.
    • Interactive Usability: Ensuring interactive elements work seamlessly with keyboards, touchscreens, or voice commands.
    • Content Clarity: Structuring information logically to assist users with cognitive impairments.
    • Compatibility: Writing robust code that works with assistive technologies and adapts to future updates.

    The Four Golden Rules of Accessibility: POUR

    The foundation of accessible code is rooted in WCAG’s four guiding principles: Perceivable, Operable, Understandable, and Robust (POUR). These principles ensure your website is usable for everyone. Let’s break them down:

    • Perceivable: Users must be able to see or hear content.
      • Provide text alternatives for non-text content like images (e.g., alt text).
      • Use captions and transcripts for multimedia content.
    • Operable: Interactive elements must be usable with any input device.
      • Ensure keyboard navigation works for all features.
      • Include features like skip-to-content links to improve navigation.
    • Understandable: Content and interfaces should be easy to comprehend.
      • Label forms clearly and provide concise instructions.
      • Write meaningful error messages that guide users in resolving issues.
    • Robust: Code should be compatible with a wide range of assistive technologies.
      • Use valid, semantic HTML to ensure content is interpretable.
      • Test compatibility with assistive technologies like screen readers.

    Adhering to these principles ensures compliance with accessibility standards while enhancing usability for everyone.

    Best Practices for Writing Accessible Code

    Here’s how to apply accessibility principles to your code:

    1. Use Semantic HTML

    Semantic HTML provides structure and meaning to your content. Elements like <header>, <nav>, <main>, and <footer> improve navigation for screen readers and other assistive technologies.

    Instead of:

    <div onclick="doSomething()">Click me</div>

    Use:

    <button onclick="doSomething()">Click me</button>

    Semantic tags enhance usability and reduce the need for ARIA roles, ensuring better compatibility.

    2. Make Forms Accessible

    Forms are a common source of frustration for users with disabilities. Pair input fields with <label> tags to provide clear context:

    <label for="email">Email:</label>
    <input type="email" id="email" name="email">

    For added guidance, use aria-describedby for hints:

    <p id= "emailHint"> We'll never share your email.</p>
    <input type="email" id="email" aria-describedby="emailHint">

    Additionally:

    • Group related fields with <fieldset> and <legend>.
    • Include real-time error validation with accessible alerts.

    3. Ensure Keyboard Navigation

    Interactive elements should be operable using a keyboard. Use logical HTML structures and the tabindex attribute sparingly to create a natural focus order.

    Example:

    <button tabindex="0">Focus me</button>

    Avoid negative tabindex values unless necessary, as they can disrupt navigation.

    4. Add Alt Text to Images

    Alt text makes images accessible to screen readers. Describe the content succinctly:

    <img src= "puppy.jpg" alt= "A golden retriever puppy playing with a ball">

    If an image is decorative, use an empty alt attribute (alt= "") to skip it for screen readers.

    5. Mind Your Colors

    Color contrast impacts readability. Use tools like Contrast Checker to verify that text is legible. Avoid using color as the sole means of conveying information. For example:

    <span style="color: red;">Required field</span>

    Should also include:

    <span class="required" aria-label="Required field">*</span>

    6. Use ARIA Wisely

    Accessible Rich Internet Applications (ARIA) roles can enhance functionality but should be used sparingly. Stick to semantic HTML whenever possible. Common ARIA roles include:

    • role= "alert" for dynamic notifications.
    • aria-expanded for collapsible menus.
    • aria-live for real-time updates.

    7. Don’t Forget Multimedia

    Provide captions for videos and transcripts for audio content. Respect user preferences for reduced motion by using the prefers-reduced-motion media query:

    @media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
      animation: none;
    }

    Testing Your Accessible Code

    Even the best code needs testing. Use these methods:

    • Automated Testing: Tools like Google Lighthouse or WAVE can identify common issues.
    • Manual Testing: Navigate your site using only a keyboard or a screen reader (e.g., NVDA, VoiceOver).
    • User Testing: Get feedback from users with disabilities to uncover real-world issues.

    Testing should be an ongoing part of your development process to catch and fix issues early.

    Challenges Developers Face—and How to Overcome Them

    Challenge: Understanding WCAG Guidelines Can Be Intimidating

    Solution: Start with the essentials. Focus on foundational elements like semantic HTML, alt text, and keyboard navigation. Once these are second nature, dive deeper into more complex guidelines—one step at a time.

    Challenge: Debugging ARIA Roles Can Be Tricky

    Solution: ARIA can feel like uncharted territory, but tools like ARIA Authoring Practices and automated testing tools (e.g., Google Lighthouse or WAVE) make it manageable. Stick to semantic HTML where possible to minimize the need for custom roles.

    Challenge: Maintaining Accessibility During Updates

    Solution: Accessibility isn’t a one-and-done task; it’s an ongoing commitment. Make accessibility checks part of your QA process and leverage tools like WAVE to identify issues after every update. Document accessibility practices in your team’s workflow to keep everyone aligned.

    Challenge: Balancing Deadlines with Accessibility Goals

    Solution: Tight deadlines can pressure teams to deprioritize accessibility. Combat this by integrating accessibility from the start of a project rather than treating it as an add-on. Small, consistent efforts save time in the long run and prevent last-minute fixes.

    By acknowledging these challenges and embracing practical solutions, developers can turn obstacles into opportunities to create better, more inclusive websites.

    Keep Learning and Building Accessible Code

    Web accessibility is a continuous journey—and an exciting one. As developers, we thrive on solving problems and improving our craft, and accessibility is no different. By staying updated with trusted resources like WebAIM, MDN Web Docs, and the A11y Project, you can keep sharpening your skills and pushing the boundaries of what’s possible. Engage with communities, take courses, and embrace every opportunity to learn. Every small step you take makes the web a more inclusive place for everyone.

    Writing accessible code is about thoughtful, inclusive choices that enhance user experiences. Start with the basics, make accessibility an integral part of your workflow, and let learning drive your improvements. The impact of your efforts extends far beyond compliance; it creates meaningful connections and opens your work to all users, regardless of ability.

    Ready to take your commitment further? Schedule an ADA briefing with 216digital. Our team specializes in tailored web accessibility solutions, helping you mitigate risks and create a more inclusive online presence. Let’s build a better web—together.

    Greg McNeil

    January 9, 2025
    How-to Guides
    accessible code, ADA Compliance, How-to, WCAG, web developers, web development
  • 2025 Web Accessibility Standards & Requirements

    The digital world is changing fast, and the 2025 ADA web accessibility standards are right around the corner. For public entities and businesses, the countdown to compliance has begun. But this isn’t just about ticking legal boxes—it’s a chance to create online spaces that everyone can access and enjoy.

    From keeping track of important compliance dates to navigating global standards like the European Accessibility Act, this guide has everything you need to stay ahead. Whether you’re running a local government site or a growing business, you’ll find actionable steps to get your website up to date with the latest accessibility standards. Let’s break it all down so you can be prepared for what’s coming.

    Key Dates for Compliance

    Staying on top of the timeline is crucial for meeting the new ADA Title II accessibility standards. Here’s the scoop on the most important deadlines for public entities:

    • April 24, 2026: Public entities in cities or counties with 50,000 or more residents must comply with the updated standards.
    • April 24, 2027: Smaller public entities—those in areas with fewer than 50,000 people—have an extra year to meet these same requirements.

    What Public Entities Should Focus On

    Public entities include everything from state and local governments to public schools, libraries, and other essential services. For these organizations, accessibility isn’t optional—it’s a must. That means ensuring your website works seamlessly with assistive technologies like screen readers, providing alternative text for images, and offering captions on video content.

    Why Meeting These Deadlines Matters

    Missing these deadlines isn’t just a bad look—it can lead to lawsuits and a loss of trust in your community. ADA lawsuits targeting government websites are on the rise, often flagging accessibility gaps that make it hard for users with disabilities to access essential services.

    Don’t Forget Global Accessibility Standards

    If your business operates internationally or even just ships products overseas, you’ll also need to think about global accessibility laws. Standards like the European Accessibility Act (EAA) and Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act (AODA) could apply to you, even if your business is based in the U.S.

    • European Accessibility Act (EAA): Takes effect on June 28, 2025. Similar to the ADA, it requires accessible websites, apps, and digital services across the European Union.
    • Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act (AODA): Applies to organizations in Ontario or those serving Canadian users. Emphasizes WCAG standards, with compliance starting January 1, 2025.

    Ignoring these global laws can lead to fines or legal challenges, so keep them in mind if your reach extends beyond the U.S.

    What’s New in the 2025 Web Content Accessibility Guidelines

    The 2025 ADA updates focus on making websites easier for everyone to use, especially as technology keeps evolving. At the heart of these changes is the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.2, developed by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C).

    Here’s what’s new:

    • WCAG 2.2 Integration: The updated accessibility standards now include criteria for making websites more accessible on mobile devices, easier for people with cognitive disabilities, and generally more user-friendly.
    • Assistive Technology Compatibility: Websites need to work smoothly with tools like screen readers and voice recognition software.
    • Mobile Accessibility: With more people using phones and tablets, sites must be fully functional on smaller screens.
    • Video Accessibility: There’s a bigger focus on captions, audio descriptions, and media players that everyone can use.

    These updates aren’t just about staying out of court; they’re about building an inclusive online environment. For instance, captions on videos don’t just help users with hearing impairments—they also benefit anyone viewing in a noisy place.

    The Cost of Ignoring Compliance

    Noncompliance comes with serious risks. In 2024 alone, over 4,000 ADA lawsuits were filed in the U.S. Many stemmed from missing alt text, lack of keyboard navigation, or poor color contrast.

    Copycat Lawsuits

    A worrying trend is the rise of copycat lawsuits: about 41% of 2024’s accessibility lawsuits targeted companies that had already been sued before. These repeat lawsuits happen when businesses fix only part of their accessibility issues, leaving gaps that new plaintiffs exploit. Often, the same websites, related brands, or even parent companies become repeated targets, creating a cycle of litigation that can be difficult to escape.

    The Cost of Noncompliance

    Legal fees, settlements, and potential fines add up quickly, with smaller organizations often feeling the strain the most. Defending even one lawsuit can cost tens of thousands of dollars or more, depending on the complexity of the claims. For businesses with unresolved accessibility gaps, these lawsuits not only bring immediate costs but also invite ongoing legal scrutiny, making comprehensive compliance efforts critical to long-term risk management.

    Steps to Ensure Compliance

    Achieving compliance with the 2025 accessibility standards may seem daunting, but with a structured approach, it’s manageable. By taking proactive steps, you can stay ahead of the curve:

    Meeting the 2025 standards might seem overwhelming, but with the right approach, it’s absolutely doable:

    1. Audit Your Website: Use tools to catch common accessibility issues, but don’t skip manual checks for things like focus indicators or smooth screen reader navigation.
    2. Train Your Team: Make sure everyone—from developers to content creators—understands accessibility guidelines.
    3. Implement Updates: Prioritize fixes like alternative text for images and keyboard navigation improvements.
    4. Monitoring: Accessibility isn’t a one-and-done thing. Regular updates and monitoring are essential.

    Overcoming Challenges in Achieving Compliance

    Even with clear guidelines, reaching full accessibility can be tough. A major hurdle lies in understanding the full scope of accessibility requirements. Automated tools often overlook hidden barriers, and smaller organizations may not have the resources or expertise to do a deep dive on every aspect of their site. Legacy systems could add in another wrinkle: retrofitting older platforms for accessibility can be time-consuming and costly.

    That’s where partnering with accessibility experts like 216digital can make all the difference. We offer custom audits, expert training, and ongoing monitoring with tools like a11y.Radar, helping you build a sustainable compliance strategy.

    It’s Time to Act

    With the 2025 deadlines on the horizon, there’s no better time to get started. Sure, it might feel daunting at first, but making your online experience accessible to everyone brings long-term benefits for both your users and your brand. It’s not just about dodging lawsuits—it’s about doing the right thing.

    By taking steps now—especially if your deadline is 2026 or just around the corner—you’ll save yourself time, money, and stress down the road. If you’re feeling stuck or overwhelmed, consider chatting with accessibility experts or scheduling a consultation with 216digital. Let’s work together to ensure your website is a place where everyone feels welcome and empowered.

    Greg McNeil

    January 7, 2025
    Legal Compliance
    2025, accessibility laws, ADA Compliance, EAA, International Accessibility Laws, WCAG
  • DOJ’s Push for WCAG Compliance: Are You Ready?

    The Department of Justice (DOJ) is turning up the heat on web accessibility. They’ve made it crystal clear: if you run a business, your website needs to follow the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG). Take Springfield Clinic as an example. This private medical practice was required to make its website, patient portals, and mobile apps meet WCAG 2.1 AA standards. It’s a wake-up call for all businesses—WCAG compliance isn’t just nice to have; it’s a must-have.

    Why Does the DOJ Care About Accessibility?

    The DOJ’s focus comes from the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). Under Title III of the ADA, businesses must make their services available to people with disabilities—this includes websites and apps. In today’s world, many people rely on digital platforms to access healthcare, shopping, and other services. If those platforms aren’t accessible, people with disabilities are left out.

    U.S. v. Springfield Clinic, LLC

    In the Springfield Clinic case, the DOJ found problems that made it hard for people with visual and manual impairments to use the website and patient portals. For example, images had no alternative text, and parts of the site were hard to use with just a keyboard. By demanding WCAG 2.1 AA compliance, the DOJ showed that these guidelines are key to making digital services fair for all.

    As part of their settlement, Springfield Clinic agreed to:

    • Review all their digital platforms (website, patient portals, and mobile apps).
    • Fix major issues right away.
    • Create a long-term plan to stay accessible.
    • Train staff on best practices for web accessibility.

    This case is a clear warning sign. Businesses must act now to avoid legal trouble later.

    What This Means for Businesses

    Springfield Clinic isn’t alone. The DOJ is watching more industries than ever, and WCAG compliance is now seen as a legal requirement. Ignoring it can lead to:

    Legal Trouble

    ADA lawsuits related to web accessibility are increasing year after year. In 2024, over 4,000 lawsuits were filed in federal and state courts, with a staggering 41% of these cases identified as copycat litigation. These lawsuits can cost businesses anywhere from $10,000 to $100,000 or more, depending on the severity of the issues and settlement terms. On top of that, companies may face ongoing costs to monitor and maintain accessibility as part of court agreements. Proactively addressing accessibility issues can help you avoid these legal pitfalls and the stress that comes with them.

    Bad PR

    When businesses are accused of excluding people with disabilities, it can quickly become a public relations nightmare. A 2020 survey found that 73% of consumers are more likely to support brands that are inclusive and accessible. Negative press about inaccessibility can erode trust, leading customers to take their business elsewhere. In the age of social media, even one complaint can go viral, causing long-term damage to your reputation. Prioritizing accessibility shows that your business values inclusivity, which builds loyalty and strengthens your brand image.

    Lost Customers

    Accessibility isn’t just the right thing to do—it’s good for business. According to the CDC, 1 in 4 people in the US live with a disability. That’s a massive market segment that businesses risk excluding when their websites aren’t accessible. Furthermore, the spending power of people with disabilities, along with their families and advocates, is estimated at $13 trillion globally. Beyond the direct financial impact, think about the ripple effect: customers with disabilities are likely to recommend accessible businesses to others. Making your website accessible ensures you’re welcoming everyone to your digital storefront.

    What Is WCAG Compliance?

    WCAG stands for Web Content Accessibility Guidelines. Created by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), these guidelines act as a roadmap for making websites, apps, and other digital platforms accessible to everyone, including people with disabilities. WCAG is widely recognized as the global standard for digital accessibility and is the framework many businesses follow to ensure their websites meet legal requirements and provide inclusive experiences.

    At its core, WCAG is all about removing barriers. It’s designed to help developers and designers create content that works for people with a wide range of disabilities, including visual, auditory, physical, speech, cognitive, and neurological challenges. The goal is to make the web a place where everyone can participate, regardless of their abilities.

    The Four Principles of WCAG (POUR)

    WCAG is built on four key principles:

    • Perceivable: Information and user interface components must be presented in ways that people can perceive. This includes features like alt text for images and captions for videos.
    • Operable: Users must be able to interact with all elements of the site, whether they’re using a mouse, keyboard, or assistive technology like a screen reader.
    • Understandable: Content should be clear and easy to follow. This means avoiding overly complicated text and ensuring navigation is consistent.
    • Robust: Content should be built to work with assistive technologies now and in the future. This ensures that websites adapt as technology evolves.

    Levels of WCAG Compliance

    WCAG compliance is divided into three levels:

    • A: The most basic level of accessibility.
    • AA: The standard most businesses aim for because it addresses the biggest barriers for users.
    • AAA: The highest level of accessibility, though it’s not practical or required for all content.

    By following these guidelines, businesses can make their websites and apps easier to use for everyone while staying compliant with laws like the ADA. It’s not just about avoiding legal trouble—it’s about creating a more inclusive, user-friendly experience for all.

    How to Make Your Website WCAG Compliant

    Taking steps toward accessibility can feel overwhelming, but you can break it down:

    Understand Web Accessibility Guidelines

    The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) are a set of standards designed to make web content more accessible. Familiarize yourself with these guidelines to understand what needs to be done. They cover aspects like text readability, alternative text for images, and keyboard navigation.

    Conduct a Website Audit

    Regularly audit your website for accessibility issues. There are tools available online that can help you identify problems, such as missing alt text for images or issues with color contrast. Consulting with a specialist firm like 216digital to conduct a thorough audit can also be a wise investment.

    Implement Ongoing Training

    Train your staff, especially those involved in website management and content creation, about web accessibility. This helps create a culture of inclusivity and ensures that accessibility remains a priority.

    Stay Informed and Up-to-Date

    Web accessibility standards and best practices can evolve over time. Stay informed about any changes and make updates to your website as necessary to remain compliant.

    Ongoing Monitoring

    WCAG Compliance is not a one-time task with 216digital’s Accessibility Radar (a11y.Radar) service providing ongoing monitoring of your website or app to detect any new accessibility issues that may arise over time. This proactive approach helps prevent potential violations before they lead to costly lawsuits.”

    Wrapping Up

    The DOJ’s focus on WCAG standards is a big deal. The Springfield Clinic case proves that accessibility matters. This isn’t just about avoiding problems. It’s about creating online spaces where everyone can belong.

    Don’t wait. Start working on WCAG compliance today. Protect your business, build your reputation, and make your site better for everyone.

    Need help? Schedule an ADA briefing with 216digital using the contact form below. We’re ready to guide you through the process.

    Greg McNeil

    December 27, 2024
    Legal Compliance
    DOJ, POUR, WCAG, WCAG Compliance, WCAG conformance
  • Accessibility for All: Strategies for Every Step of Your Journey

    As 2025 begins, it brings a fresh chance to make the digital world more welcoming for everyone. Accessibility isn’t just about compliance—it’s about creating online spaces that feel inviting and easy to use for all. Whether you’re just starting out or looking to polish your existing efforts, there’s always room to grow. By focusing on small, steady improvements and putting user needs at the center, you can create something that truly works for everyone.

    Getting Started: Understanding the Basics

    Starting something new can feel overwhelming, but you’re not alone. Many organizations are just beginning their accessibility journey, and that’s okay. The first step is understanding why accessibility matters. After that, it’s all about taking simple, practical steps to meet the needs of people with disabilities.

    What is Digital Accessibility?

    Digital accessibility means making sure your website or app works for everyone, including people with disabilities. These include visual, hearing, cognitive, or mobility challenges. By focusing on accessibility, you’re not only helping people who rely on assistive technology like screen readers or voice commands—you’re making your site better for everyone.

    The WCAG Guidelines: Your Roadmap to Accessibility

    The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) are a great starting point. Created by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), these guidelines break into four easy-to-understand principles:

    • Perceivable: Make sure people can perceive your content. For example, add text descriptions for images and captions for videos.
    • Operable: Users should be able to interact with your site using different tools, like a keyboard or voice commands.
    • Understandable: Keep content clear and easy to navigate.
    • Robust: Make your site compatible with today’s tools and tomorrow’s technology.

    These principles are your guide to building an inclusive site.

    Quick Wins for Improving Accessibility

    If you’re ready to take action, start small. Here are some simple changes that can make a big difference:

    • Alt Text for Images: Add brief, clear descriptions to all images. This helps users who can’t see the images understand what’s there.
    • Video Captions: Always include captions. They’re a must for people who are deaf or hard of hearing and helpful for anyone watching videos without sound.
    • Color Contrast: Ensure your text stands out from the background. This makes it easier for everyone to read, especially those with visual impairments.
    • Keyboard Navigation: Make sure all site functions can be used with just a keyboard. This is essential for users with mobility challenges.

    These quick wins are easy to implement and can have an immediate impact.

    Refining Your Strategy: Policies and Processes

    Once you’ve mastered the basics, it’s time to think bigger. This means setting goals, creating policies, and making accessibility part of your routine.

    Establish Clear Accessibility Policies

    Write down your accessibility goals and plans. This keeps everyone on the same page. Your policy should outline what standards you’re following (like WCAG) and how you’ll measure success. A clear plan helps your team stay focused and committed.

    Training and Awareness

    Accessibility is a team effort. Train your designers, developers, and content creators on best practices. For instance, teach designers to create layouts that are easy to navigate and show writers how to craft accessible content. These small efforts add up to big improvements.

    User Testing and Feedback

    Test your site with people who use assistive technologies. They’ll help you spot issues you might miss. Even if you follow all the guidelines, real-world feedback is invaluable.

    Scaling Your Efforts: Advanced Solutions for Accessibility

    As your organization grows, your accessibility efforts can too. Here are some ideas for taking things to the next level:

    Accessibility Center of Excellence

    For larger organizations, consider creating a team dedicated to accessibility. This group can handle audits, provide training, and ensure best practices are followed. Making accessibility part of your culture keeps it at the forefront.

    Automation and Tools

    Manually checking every page for accessibility issues can be tough. Tools like WAVE and Google Lighthouse can help. They quickly identify problems and suggest fixes. But remember, these tools work best alongside manual reviews and user feedback.

    Leading Innovations and Setting Industry Standards

    Once you’ve mastered the basics, consider pushing boundaries. Could voice navigation help your users? Are there new technologies you can try? Sharing what you learn and advocating for accessibility can inspire others in your industry.

    Moving Forward: Accessibility as an Ongoing Process

    Accessibility isn’t a one-time task. As technology changes, so do the needs of your users. Regular updates and reviews keep your site inclusive. Services like Accessibility Radar (a11y.Radar) can help by providing ongoing monitoring and insights to maintain compliance. Stay informed about changes to the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and WCAG guidelines. By staying proactive, you’ll ensure your site works for everyone.

    Final Thoughts

    Making your digital space accessible isn’t just the right thing to do—it’s smart. Start with small changes and build from there. Think of accessibility as a journey, not a destination. Every step forward makes the internet a better place for everyone.

    Take action now, plan for the future, and keep innovating. The work you do today will make a lasting difference. Let’s build a more inclusive web together. Schedule an ADA briefing with 216digital to start your journey towards digital accessibility. Use the contact form below to get started.

    Greg McNeil

    December 17, 2024
    Testing & Remediation
    Accessibility, Accessibility Remediation, ADA Compliance, WCAG, Website Accessibility
  • The Human Touch: Manual Testing for Web Accessibility

    Developing an accessible website goes far beyond simply checking off boxes for legal or regulatory compliance. It’s about making sure that every person, regardless of ability, can comfortably interact with and understand your online content. While automated tools are excellent for quickly spotting many accessibility problems, they can only take you so far. To catch the subtler issues—the ones that can truly affect the user experience—you need the human touch.

    This guide will walk you through the essentials of manual testing. By following these steps, you’ll ensure that your website meets the standards of the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) and provides an inclusive experience for everyone.

    Why Manual Testing is Important

    It might seem tempting to rely only on automated tools for accessibility testing. After all, these tools are fast, can scan entire sites in minutes, and give you neat reports listing potential issues. While that’s helpful, there’s an important piece of the puzzle they can’t fill in on their own.

    Studies suggest that automated tools detect only about 30% of accessibility barriers on a website. That means a whopping 70% of potential issues can go unnoticed if you don’t involve human testers. Why does this happen? Because many aspects of accessibility are about meaning, clarity, and usability—qualities that a computer program can’t fully judge.

    For example, an automated tool can tell if an image tag has “alt” text, but it can’t determine if that text accurately describes what’s in the image. A tool might confirm that you’ve included headings, but it can’t decide if those headings help users understand the structure and purpose of your page.

    Manual testing allows you to catch these subtle issues. By combining automated scans with hands-on checks, you’ll create a complete approach to accessibility. This balanced method ensures that both the technical side and the real-life user experience are taken into account, leading to a more inclusive and welcoming digital environment.

    What Is Included in a Manual Audit?

    If you’re aiming for a website that not only checks the boxes on WCAG compliance but genuinely serves people of all abilities, a manual audit is key. The process involves a series of steps, from planning your testing scope to verifying that users can interact with your site in many different ways. Below, we’ll break down some core areas to consider in your manual testing efforts.

    Developing a Testing Plan

    Think of your testing plan as your roadmap. Before you begin, decide which pages, sections, and features of your site you’ll test. Maybe you’ll start with your homepage, or perhaps you’ll focus on your online store’s product pages, since that’s where most visitors end up. Consider the parts of your site that handle important tasks, like your checkout process or contact forms. These areas often matter most to users and should be top priorities.

    Creating a well-structured plan helps you stay on track. As you test, keep good notes. Document where you find issues, what kind of barriers they create, and ideas for fixing them. This record will not only guide your repair work but also help you understand how your site’s accessibility improves over time.

    Evaluating Keyboard Navigation

    A simple yet powerful first step is to test your website using only a keyboard. Many individuals rely on a keyboard instead of a mouse because of physical or visual impairments. To do this, unplug your mouse and try navigating your site with the Tab, Shift + Tab, Enter, and arrow keys.

    As you move through links, buttons, menus, and form fields, watch for a visible highlight or outline showing which element is currently selected (often called the “focus indicator”). If your focus gets “stuck” or disappears, that’s a sign of a problem. Users who depend on keyboard navigation should be able to move through your entire site easily and understand exactly where they are at all times.

    If you find any trouble spots—like a pop-up menu that traps the focus—make note of it. Fixing these issues can make your site smoother and more intuitive for a wide range of visitors.

    Manual Testing Compatibility with Screen Readers

    Screen readers, such as NVDA, JAWS, and VoiceOver, help users with visual impairments navigate the web by reading page content aloud. To test compatibility, pick one of these tools and open your website. As you listen, ask yourself: Is the content announced in a clear, logical order? Do headings, links, and images make sense when read aloud?

    Pay special attention to images. If an image conveys important information, its alt text should describe what’s shown and why it matters. If an image is only decorative, it should have a null alt attribute, so the screen reader will skip it. Your goal is to ensure that someone who can’t see the screen can still understand what’s there and how to interact with it.

    Checking Color Contrast

    Good color contrast isn’t just about making your site look nice—it’s about ensuring that everyone can read your content comfortably. People with low vision or color blindness might struggle to read text that doesn’t stand out enough from the background.

    Use tools like WebAIM’s Contrast Checker to test your text and background color combinations. If the contrast is too low, adjust your colors until they meet the guidelines. Even a small improvement can make a big difference in how well users can read and engage with your content.

    Reviewing Captions for Multimedia Content

    Videos and audio clips add depth and interest to your site, but they also need to be accessible. Captions ensure that users who are deaf or hard of hearing can understand spoken content. If your videos have dialogue, instructions, or any important information, make sure they come with accurate captions that match the timing and meaning of the audio.

    In some cases, you might need audio descriptions for users who can’t see the visuals. If your video shows data charts, important text, or other key details, consider adding a voice-over description to explain what’s on the screen.

    Ensuring Accessible Forms

    Forms are essential parts of many websites, whether they’re for signing up for a newsletter, making a purchase, or submitting a support request. Yet forms often pose accessibility challenges when they’re not labeled or organized correctly.

    To test form accessibility, try navigating your forms using a keyboard and a screen reader. Do form fields have clear labels that the screen reader announces as you move through them? When errors occur, do the error messages explain the problem in simple terms and guide the user to fix it?

    Paying extra attention to forms can go a long way toward making your site welcoming and easy to use.

    Testing Skip Navigation Links

    Skip navigation links are small but mighty features. They let users skip over repetitive elements—such as large navigation menus—and jump straight to the main content. This is especially helpful for those who rely on a keyboard or a screen reader, as it saves them from having to tab through the same menu items over and over.

    To check for skip navigation links, start navigating your site from the top. See if there’s a “Skip to main content” link or something similar. If it’s missing, adding one can make browsing much more efficient for many users.

    Verifying Link Text

    Have you ever seen a link that just says “click here”? Without surrounding context, that’s not very helpful. People using screen readers often scan links out of their context, so vague link text can be confusing.

    Review all the links on your site and ask yourself: Does the text describe the link’s purpose? For example, “Click here for our latest report” is less helpful than “Download our latest report.” The latter tells users exactly what they’ll get if they follow that link.

    Reviewing Dynamic Content

    Modern websites often feature dynamic elements like pop-ups, slideshows, or modal windows. While these can be visually appealing and helpful, they can also cause confusion if not set up properly. For instance, a modal window might appear over the rest of the content, but if a screen reader user isn’t informed that it popped up, they might continue reading the content behind it without knowing there’s something else to consider.

    Test these features by opening them with a keyboard and listening with a screen reader. Make sure the screen reader announces the new content and that it’s easy to close the pop-up and return to the main page content. Users should feel in control of their experience at all times.

    Documenting Issues and Prioritizing Fixes

    As you work through manual testing, keep detailed notes. Write down any issues you find, along with the steps you’ll need to correct them. Consider how severe each problem is: Does it block users from completing critical tasks, or is it a minor inconvenience?

    By sorting issues into categories—such as “high priority” or “low priority”—you can tackle the most urgent problems first. This approach helps you make steady progress and ensures that you address the biggest barriers right away.

    Building a More Inclusive Website with 216digital

    Manual testing might feel like a big job, but it’s a crucial part of creating a web experience that works for everyone. By planning your testing, checking keyboard navigation, using screen readers, ensuring proper color contrast, reviewing captions, making forms accessible, adding skip links, refining link text, and handling dynamic content correctly, you’ll identify and fix the issues that really matter.

    When your website meets WCAG guidelines and is comfortable to use for people of all abilities, you strengthen your brand’s reputation and reach a wider audience. It’s not just about avoiding legal risks or ticking compliance boxes—though that’s important, too. It’s about showing that you value every visitor and believe they deserve equal access to your information, products, and services.

    If you’re looking for personalized help in making your website ADA compliant, consider reaching out to 216digital. Our experts can provide an ADA briefing and guide you through the finer points of web accessibility, ensuring that you create an inclusive, user-friendly online environment that supports everyone who visits your site.

    Greg McNeil

    December 3, 2024
    How-to Guides, Testing & Remediation
    Accessibility, Accessibility testing, manual audit, Manual Testing, WCAG
  • WCAG Tips Every Content Creator Should Know

    When you’re creating content for the web, accessibility might not always be the first thing on your mind. You’re busy crafting engaging stories, writing catchy headlines, or finding the perfect image. But here’s the deal: ignoring accessibility can limit your audience and potentially land you in legal trouble. That’s where Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) comes in—and yes, it’s easier than you think.

    Let’s break down what WCAG is, why it matters for content creators, and how you can make your content shine for everyone.

    What is WCAG, and Why Should You Care?

    WCAG stands for Web Content Accessibility Guidelines, but don’t let the formal name intimidate you. These guidelines are essentially a roadmap for making websites, apps, and digital content usable for everyone—whether someone has a disability or not. Developed by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), WCAG focuses on four key principles: making content perceivable, operable, understandable, and robust (POUR). Think of it as a checklist to ensure your site is accessible to as many people as possible.

    It’s all about ensuring that everyone, regardless of their abilities, can engage with your website. Sounds important, right? It is.

    And it’s not just for developers! WCAG applies to everyone involved in building a website, including content creators. Accessible content expands your reach, enhances the user experience, boosts your site’s SEO, and helps you avoid potential legal pitfalls. In short, accessibility isn’t a chore—it’s a win-win.

    The Benefits of Accessible Content

    Expand Your Audience Reach

    Did you know that 28.7% of adults in the U.S.—that’s over 61 million people—live with a disability? Globally, this number jumps to over 1 billion people, or 16% of the world’s population. Aligning your content with WCAG opens the door to a massive audience that often faces barriers online. Accessible content ensures these users can interact with your brand just as easily as anyone else.

    Boost SEO

    Accessible content improves your website’s visibility. For example, alternative text for images helps search engines understand your visuals, while properly structured headings and clear navigation improve crawlability. Research shows that websites meeting accessibility standards often rank higher in search engine results, giving you an edge over competitors who overlook these guidelines.

    Enhance User Experience

    Accessibility benefits everyone—not just those with disabilities. A study by Forrester Research found that improving user experience can increase conversion rates by up to 200%. Features like video captions, clear navigation, and legible fonts make it easier for users of all abilities to engage with your content.

    Avoid Legal Risks

    Lawsuits related to digital accessibility are on the rise. In the U.S., 4,605 web accessibility lawsuits were filed under the ADA in 2023—a nearly 13% increase from the previous year. Following WCAG not only protects your brand from potential litigation but also demonstrates your commitment to inclusivity.

    Practical WCAG Tips for Content Creators

    Making your content accessible doesn’t require a complete overhaul. Small, thoughtful changes can make a huge difference. Let’s dive into some practical tips for content creators, with expanded advice to make each step actionable.

    Use Proper Headings

    Headings aren’t just for organizing your thoughts—they’re essential for accessibility. Structured headings (H1, H2, H3, etc.) create a clear hierarchy that helps all users, including those using screen readers, navigate your content easily.

    • Start with a single H1 as the main title of your page.
    • Use H2 for main sections and H3 for subsections. Avoid skipping levels (e.g., going from H1 directly to H3).
    • Write headings that are concise but descriptive. For example, “Tips for Accessible Content” is better than “Tips.”

    Properly structured headings also improve SEO by signaling the importance of your content to search engines.

    Add Alternative Text for Images

    Alternative text (alt text) describes the content of an image for users who can’t see it. This helps screen reader users and also boosts SEO by making your images searchable.

    • Be specific and relevant. Instead of “Picture of a cake,” use “A three-tiered chocolate cake with white icing and red roses.”
    • Avoid saying “Image of” or “Picture of”—screen readers already indicate it’s an image.
    • If an image is decorative and doesn’t convey critical information, use a null alt attribute (alt=" ") so screen readers can skip it.

    Alt text should fit naturally into your content, adding context without overloading users with unnecessary details.

    Color Contrast

    Color contrast is vital for users with visual impairments, such as color blindness or low vision. Text that blends into the background is difficult to read, even for users without disabilities.

    • Use a contrast ratio of at least 4.5:1 for regular text and 3:1 for large text (as per WCAG SC 1.4.3).
    • Avoid using color alone to convey meaning. For instance, instead of relying on red text to indicate an error, include a descriptive message like “Please enter a valid email address.”
    • Test your designs with online contrast checkers to ensure compliance.

    Strong contrast not only aids accessibility but also improves readability and engagement for all users.

    Choose Accessible Fonts

    The typeface you use plays a significant role in how accessible your content is. Some fonts are more legible than others, particularly for users with visual impairments or learning disabilities.

    • Opt for sans-serif fonts like Arial, Verdana, or Tahoma, which are easier to read on screens.
    • Ensure your font size is large enough—typically at least 16px for body text.
    • Avoid excessive italics or decorative fonts that may be hard to read.

    Accessible fonts contribute to a cleaner, more professional appearance that benefits all users.

    Write Descriptive Links

    Vague link text like “Click here” or “Learn more” can be confusing for screen reader users. Instead, use descriptive link text that tells users where the link will take them.

    • Good example: “Read our guide on WCAG compliance for content creators.”
    • Bad example: “Click here.”
    • Ensure links make sense out of context. Some users navigate sites by jumping between links, so each one should provide value on its own.

    Descriptive links also make your content easier to scan and improve your site’s SEO.

    Create Accessible Tables

    Tables are useful for presenting data but can become a nightmare for accessibility if not designed properly.

    • Use headers (<th> tags) for column or row titles. This helps screen readers understand the table structure.
    • Avoid merging cells or using tables for layout purposes—this confuses assistive technologies.
    • Include captions to explain the table’s purpose. For example, “Table showing monthly website traffic for 2023.”

    Accessible tables ensure your data is comprehensible for all users, not just those using traditional browsers.

    Caption Your Videos

    Video captions aren’t just helpful for people who are deaf or hard of hearing—they’re valuable for anyone in a noisy or quiet environment.

    • Include both closed captions (user-controlled) and open captions (always visible).
    • Ensure captions are synced accurately with the dialogue or sounds.
    • For additional accessibility, provide a transcript that includes all spoken words, sound effects, and meaningful visual elements.

    Well-captioned videos increase engagement, improve retention, and align with WCAG guidelines.

    Use Plain Language

    Accessible content isn’t just about design—it’s also about the words you choose. Writing in plain language ensures your content is easy to understand for a broad audience, including users with cognitive disabilities.

    • Break complex ideas into smaller, simpler sentences.
    • Define jargon or technical terms the first time they appear.
    • Use bullet points and lists to organize information clearly.

    Plain language isn’t dumbing down your content; it’s making it more approachable and impactful.

    Monitor Accessibility Regularly

    Creating accessible content isn’t a one-and-done task. Websites are dynamic, with new pages, updates, and features being added constantly. This means your accessibility efforts need regular check-ins to ensure compliance with WCAG standards. Neglecting this can leave you vulnerable to accessibility gaps, which not only alienate users but could also lead to legal risks.

    Thankfully, tools like a11y.Radar make monitoring accessibility easier and more effective. This specialized service continuously scans your site for issues, giving you a clear, actionable picture of your site’s compliance status.

    Final Thoughts

    Accessibility doesn’t have to be overwhelming, and you don’t have to tackle it alone. With WCAG as your guide and the right support, you can create content that reaches more people, performs better in search engines, and provides an exceptional user experience. But ensuring accessibility is more than a one-time effort—it’s an ongoing process.

    That’s where we come in.

    At 216digital, we specialize in making web accessibility simple and actionable for content creators just like you. Whether you’re new to WCAG or need help fine-tuning your content strategy, our ADA briefing is the perfect place to start.

    Schedule your ADA briefing today, and let us show you how to make your content accessible, impactful, and compliant—all while reaching a broader audience and safeguarding your business. Accessibility is an opportunity, and together, we can help you unlock it.

    Greg McNeil

    November 26, 2024
    WCAG Compliance
    Accessibility, Content Creators, Content Writing, SEO, WCAG, WCAG Compliance, Web Accessibility
  • POURing Effort into Web Accessibility

    Creating an inclusive digital world isn’t just a nice-to-have—it’s a necessity. For many people, accessing information online isn’t as simple as opening a website and scrolling through content. Visual impairments, mobility challenges, cognitive disabilities, and other barriers can make navigating the internet difficult without proper accommodations. That’s where the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) come in.

    WCAG provides a roadmap for making web content accessible to all users, regardless of their abilities. Central to these guidelines are four foundational principles known by the acronym POUR: Perceivable, Operable, Understandable, and Robust. In this article, we’ll explore what POUR means, why it’s important, and how you can apply these principles to create a more accessible user experience.

    What Is POUR?

    At the heart of WCAG are the four foundational principles known as POUR: Perceivable, Operable, Understandable, and Robust. These principles serve as the pillars of accessible design, guiding developers and designers to create web experiences that accommodate a wide range of abilities and preferences.

    POUR ensures that digital content is not only accessible but also functional and user-friendly. Adhering to these principles helps remove barriers and allows everyone—regardless of physical, sensory, or cognitive abilities—to engage with web content fully and independently.

    In the following sections, we’ll take a closer look at each of the POUR principles, their practical applications, and how they make web content more inclusive.

    Perceivable: Making Content Accessible to the Senses

    The principle of perceivability focuses on ensuring that all users can access and process the information presented on a website. This means content must be adaptable to a variety of sensory modalities, such as vision, hearing, or touch. Without perceivable content, users with sensory disabilities may be completely excluded from accessing critical information.

    What Does Perceivable Mean in Practice?

    1. Text Alternatives for Non-Text Content: Every image, icon, and multimedia element must include a text equivalent, such as alt text for images or transcripts for audio content. For example, if a website features a graph, it should include a detailed description of the data for visually impaired users.
    2. Captions and Audio Descriptions: Videos should have captions for users who are deaf or hard of hearing and audio descriptions for users who are blind, ensuring everyone can understand the content.
    3. Readable Text Content: Font size, color contrast, and spacing should make text readable for users with visual impairments or dyslexia. For instance, using a high-contrast color scheme helps users with low vision differentiate between text and background.

    Common Mistakes That Violate Perceivable Standards

    • Using images without alt text or vague descriptions like “image123.jpg.”
    • Not adding captions to video content makes it difficult for people with hearing impairments to follow along.
    • Designing web content that relies heavily on color to convey information can be problematic for color-blind users.

    Operable: Ensuring Users Can Navigate and Interact

    Operability is about giving users the ability to interact with and navigate a website effectively. Websites should cater to diverse input methods, including keyboards, mice, touchscreens, and assistive technologies like screen readers or sip-and-puff devices.

    What Does Operable Mean in Practice?

    1. Keyboard Accessibility: All interactive elements—such as buttons, forms, and menus—must be usable via a keyboard. For example, users should be able to navigate a website using the Tab key to move between elements and the Enter key to select options.
    2. Adjustable Time Limits: Users must be given enough time to complete tasks like filling out forms. If a time limit is necessary, users should have the option to extend it or pause the timer.
    3. Avoiding Traps: Design interactive elements like pop-ups or carousels to ensure users don’t become “trapped.” For example, make it easy for keyboard users to close a pop-up.

    Common Mistakes That Violate Operable Standards

    • Creating drop-down menus or interactive elements that are difficult to navigate with a keyboard.
    • Designing forms that reset if not completed within a set time frustrates users who may need extra time.
    • Using auto-scrolling content that cannot be paused or stopped.

    Understandable: Keeping Content Clear and Predictable

    The principle of understandability ensures that users can easily comprehend both the information and the functionality of a website. Content should be presented in a logical, consistent, and intuitive manner.

    What Does Understandable Mean in Practice?

    1. Plain Language: Avoid jargon and use simple, clear language. For example, instead of saying, “Click here to access the comprehensive compendium of resources,” simply say, “Click here to access the resource guide.”
    2. Predictable Interactions: Elements like navigation menus and buttons should behave consistently throughout the site. For example, a menu that expands when clicked should work the same way on every page.
    3. Error Feedback and Recovery: Forms and other interactive elements should provide clear feedback when users make errors. For instance, if a user forgets to fill out a required field in a form, the website should provide an error message that explains what’s missing and how to correct it.

    Common Mistakes That Violate Understandable Standards

    • Using complicated words or phrases without explanations makes it hard for users to comprehend the content.
    • Having links or buttons that perform unexpected actions confuses the user.
    • Need to highlight input errors clearly or explain how to fix them.

    Robust: Ensuring Compatibility with Current and Future Technologies

    Robustness focuses on ensuring that websites are compatible with a wide range of technologies, including assistive devices. This principle ensures content remains accessible even as technology evolves.

    What Does Robust Mean in Practice?

    1. Standards-Compliant Code: Using clean, valid HTML and CSS ensures that web content is compatible with different browsers and assistive technologies. For example, screen readers can more easily interpret properly coded content.
    2. Accessible ARIA Attributes: ARIA (Accessible Rich Internet Applications) roles and properties enhance dynamic content and make it usable for assistive technologies. For example, adding aria-live attributes to alerts ensures screen readers announce changes in real time.
    3. Cross-Device Testing: Websites should be tested on various devices, operating systems, and browsers to ensure compatibility.

    Common Mistakes That Violate Robust Standards

    • Using outdated or non-standard HTML code can break some browsers or assistive technologies.
    • Labeling form elements properly makes it easier for screen readers to convey relevant information to the user.

    Bringing POUR Principles Together

    While each POUR principle addresses a specific aspect of accessibility, they work together to create a seamless and inclusive user experience. Let’s look at an example of how all four principles might be applied:

    Example: An E-Commerce Website

    1. Perceivable: Images of products include descriptive alt text, and videos showcasing features have captions and audio descriptions.
    2. Operable: Users can navigate the site with a keyboard and use the Tab key to add items to their cart.
    3. Understandable: The checkout process uses plain language and provides clear instructions for completing forms.
    4. Robust: The site is tested with assistive technologies like screen readers and works smoothly on mobile devices.

    By aligning with all four POUR principles, the website ensures that users of all abilities can browse, shop, and complete their purchases effortlessly.

    Putting POUR into Practice

    Applying the POUR principles isn’t just about avoiding mistakes; it’s about creating a truly inclusive web experience. Here’s how you can start:

    1. Audit Your Site: Conduct an accessibility review to identify areas where your site falls short of POUR.
    2. Incorporate accessibility from the Start: Build POUR into your web development and design process rather than trying to retrofit accessibility later.
    3. Test with Real Users: Engage users with disabilities to test your site and provide feedback.

    By focusing on POUR, you not only improve accessibility but also enhance usability for all visitors, creating a better overall user experience.

    POURing Effort into Accessibility

    The four principles of WCAG—Perceivable, Operable, Understandable, and Robust—offer a solid foundation for building an accessible web. These principles are not just guidelines; they represent a commitment to inclusivity and respect for all users.

    Accessibility isn’t a one-time task—it’s an ongoing effort to create a web that works for everyone. By applying POUR to your digital content, you’re taking meaningful steps toward a more inclusive future. Start today by reviewing your site, learning from accessibility experts, and embracing WCAG principles to make a difference in the lives of your users.


    If you’re ready to take the next step toward making your website ADA-compliant and ensuring accessibility for all, schedule an ADA briefing with 216digital. Our team of experts will guide you through the process, answer your questions, and help you create a web experience that’s inclusive, compliant, and user-friendly. Don’t wait—start building a more accessible digital presence today.

    Greg McNeil

    November 18, 2024
    WCAG Compliance
    Accessibility, WCAG, WCAG conformance, Website Accessibility
  • WCAG Conformance Levels: How High Should You Aim?

    When you’re building a website, it’s easy to get caught up in the details of design, functionality, and making everything look just right. But what about accessibility? That’s where the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) come in. Think of WCAG as your go-to checklist for making sure your website is open and usable for everyone, including people with disabilities.

    Accessibility isn’t just a “nice-to-have” anymore—it’s essential. Whether you’re trying to avoid lawsuits, comply with laws like the ADA, or make your site more welcoming, understanding WCAG conformance levels can help you figure out how high you should aim. Let’s break down the basics, explore the three levels—A, AA, and AAA—and help you find the sweet spot for your website.

    What is WCAG?

    WCAG stands for Web Content Accessibility Guidelines, but don’t let the formal name intimidate you. These guidelines are basically a roadmap for making websites, apps, and digital content work for everyone—whether someone has a disability or not. Developed by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), WCAG focuses on four key principles: making content perceivable, operable, understandable, and robust (POUR). Think of it as a checklist to ensure your site is usable for as many people as possible.

    And it’s not just for developers! WCAG applies to everyone involved in building a website—from designers to writers—because accessibility goes beyond code. Whether it’s adding captions to videos, ensuring color contrast, or simplifying navigation, these small changes can make a huge difference in how people experience your site. At its core, WCAG is about creating a better internet for everyone.

    Why Should You Care About WCAG Conformance?

    So, why should WCAG be on your radar? For starters, it’s about reaching more people. Accessibility isn’t just for those with disabilities—it benefits everyone. Captions help folks watching a video on mute, high contrast is great for users in bright sunlight, and clear navigation makes life easier for anyone trying to find what they need. In other words, an accessible website is just a better website.

    Then there’s the legal side of things. If you’re in the U.S., laws like the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) expect your site to meet certain accessibility standards, and WCAG is the go-to guide for that. Ignoring these guidelines could land you in hot water with lawsuits or fines—and let’s face it, no one wants that kind of stress.

    But it’s not just about avoiding trouble. Prioritizing accessibility can actually boost your brand, build trust, and improve your site’s performance overall. Making your website accessible shows your users you care, and that can set you apart in a big way.

    Breaking Down the WCAG Conformance Levels

    WCAG isn’t a one-size-fits-all situation. It’s divided into three levels—A, AA, and AAA—each with its own set of requirements. Here’s what you need to know about each one:

    Level A: Covering the Basics

    Level A is like the starter pack for accessibility. It focuses on the most basic barriers that prevent people from accessing your site. For example:

    • Adding alternative text (alt text) to images.
    • Making sure everything can be used with just a keyboard.
    • Avoiding flashing content that could trigger seizures.

    If your website meets Level A, you’re covering the bare minimum. But let’s be real—it’s not enough to provide a great experience for most users. Think of Level A as the foundation you build on, not the end goal.

    Level AA: The Sweet Spot

    Level AA is where things start to get serious. It’s the most widely recommended level and is often what the law requires. With Level AA, you’re tackling more detailed issues like:

    • Make sure the text has enough contrast with the background so it’s easy to read.
    • Ensuring your navigation is consistent and clear.
    • Providing captions for videos so they’re accessible to people with hearing impairments.

    For most websites, Level AA hits the perfect balance—it’s achievable, practical, and covers a wide range of accessibility needs. If you’re wondering how high to aim, this is probably your answer.

    Level AAA: The Extra Mile

    Level AAA is like the platinum package. It’s the highest level of accessibility, but it’s also the hardest to achieve. Some of the requirements include:

    • Offering sign language interpretation for video content.
    • Make sure your site works well even under very specific conditions, like extreme contrast ratios.

    While Level AAA is an amazing goal, it’s not realistic for every website. Even the W3C acknowledges that hitting this level for all content isn’t always possible. Instead, focus on what’s achievable for your site and audience, and aim for AAA features where you can.

    How High Should You Aim?

    So, where should you set your sights? For most organizations, Level AA is the way to go. It’s the legal standard in many places, including the U.S., and it covers most accessibility needs without overcomplicating things.

    However, your target might depend on your audience and industry. For example:

    • Government Websites: Usually aim for Level AA or higher since they serve a broad, diverse audience.
    • Online Stores: Need to make sure people can easily browse and buy products, so Level AA is essential.
    • Educational Platforms: Sometimes, we need to go beyond Level AA to ensure equitable access to learning materials.

    If you’re running a small business or personal site, don’t stress about hitting Level AAA. Instead, focus on meeting Level AA and improving over time. Remember, accessibility is a journey, not a one-and-done task.

    What Makes Level AAA So Hard?

    Achieving Level AAA isn’t just difficult—it often forces you to make compromises that can impact your site’s usability and aesthetics. For example, meeting AAA contrast requirements might mean overhauling your brand’s carefully chosen color scheme. Or you might have to simplify complex content so much that it loses its original value or appeal.

    It’s a delicate balancing act. On one hand, you want your site to be as accessible as possible. On the other hand, you need to ensure it remains engaging, functional, and true to your brand. For most organizations, focusing on Level AA strikes the best balance, ensuring broad accessibility without requiring sacrifices that could alienate other users or disrupt the site’s purpose.

    That said, Level AAA isn’t all or nothing. While it may not be practical to achieve across the board, incorporating some AAA features—like avoiding overly complicated language or providing additional customization options—can still enhance your site and make it more inclusive. The key is to aim high without losing sight of what works best for your audience and goals.

    Keeping Your Website WCAG Compliant

    Meeting WCAG standards isn’t a one-time thing. Websites evolve, and so do accessibility needs. Here’s how you can stay on top of it:

    Regularly Audit Your Site

    Run accessibility audits often to catch issues early. Tools like Google Lighthouse or WAVE are a great start, but don’t stop there—getting feedback from actual users with disabilities can give you insights you won’t find anywhere else.

    Train Your Team

    Accessibility isn’t just for developers. Designers, content creators, and even marketers should understand the basics of WCAG. The more your team knows, the easier it’ll be to stay compliant.

    Make Accessibility Part of Your Process

    Don’t wait until the end of a project to think about accessibility. Include it in every step—from planning and design to testing and deployment.

    Use Accessibility Tools

    Tools like screen readers and color contrast analyzers can help you spot problems before they become major issues. These tools are easy to use and can make a big difference.

    Stay Up-to-Date

    WCAG updates from time to time to reflect new technology and user needs. Keep an eye on these changes and adjust your strategy as needed.

    Achieve WCAG Conformance with 216digital

    When it comes to WCAG conformance, aiming for Level AA is usually the smart move. It’s realistic, effective, and ensures you’re meeting the needs of most users. If you can, sprinkle in some Level AAA features to go the extra mile.

    Making your website accessible isn’t just about ticking off a checklist—it’s about creating a welcoming space for everyone. With regular updates, audits, and a commitment to accessibility, you’ll not only meet the standards but also build a site people love to use.

    If you’re unsure where to begin or want to check your progress, 216digital is here to help. Schedule an ADA briefing with our team to learn how we can help you achieve WCAG conformance, lower your legal risks, and create a better experience for all your users.

    Take the first step today—because accessibility isn’t just a requirement, it’s an opportunity to make your website better for everyone.

    Greg McNeil

    November 15, 2024
    WCAG Compliance
    Accessibility, WCAG, WCAG conformance, Website Accessibility
  • Is Your Website ADA-Compliant?

    Ever wonder if your website is truly welcoming to all visitors? It’s easy to think, “My site looks great. It works smoothly—why worry?” But here’s the catch: a good-looking, functional site isn’t always an accessible one. And if your website isn’t ADA compliant, you could be unintentionally shutting the door on a massive group of potential visitors and customers—people with disabilities.

    Let’s put it this way: imagine if a brick-and-mortar store had narrow, cluttered aisles or no ramps. Customers with mobility challenges would struggle to get in or move around. Now, think of your website as that store. If it isn’t built with accessibility in mind, visitors with disabilities may find it impossible to navigate, use, or even understand what you’re offering.

    So, is your website ADA-compliant? If you’re not sure or have never checked, this guide is for you. We’ll break down what ADA compliance means, why it matters, the standards to follow, and how you can ensure your site is welcoming to all. Ready to see if your online space meets the mark? Let’s dive in.

    Why ADA Compliance Matters

    Making sure your website is ADA-compliant isn’t just a box to check off—it’s a vital part of running a business that’s inclusive and future-proof. An accessible website means everyone, regardless of ability, can navigate, engage with, and enjoy your content. This approach not only helps build trust and loyalty but can also increase your audience and improve user satisfaction. And let’s not forget, it comes with important legal and business benefits.

    Legal Implications

    The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) requires that businesses—including their websites—be accessible to everyone. If your site isn’t ADA-compliant, you could be in for a rough ride. The number of ADA-related lawsuits has been rising fast. In 2023, for instance, over 4,500 web accessibility lawsuits were filed in the U.S., which was a 15% increase from the year before, according to UsableNet.

    Courts have been clear that digital spaces are covered by the ADA, even though it was created before the internet as we know it existed. And it’s not just big businesses being targeted—small and medium-sized businesses have also found themselves in legal hot water over inaccessible sites. Legal fees, settlements, and potential damage to your reputation can add up quickly, costing far more than making your website compliant in the first place. By focusing on accessibility, you’re not just protecting your business; you’re showing that inclusivity is a priority.

    Expanding Your Audience

    Making your site ADA-compliant isn’t just about sidestepping legal issues—it’s also about reaching more people.  The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that over 1 billion people globally live with some form of disability. In the U.S., the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) says that 26% of adults have some kind of disability. This includes a wide range of challenges, from visual and hearing impairments to mobility and cognitive issues.

    Think about it: if your website is easier to use for people with disabilities, you’re opening your doors to a vast number of potential customers who might have otherwise struggled with your site. In fact, a study in the U.K. found that 71% of users with disabilities will leave a site that’s hard to use, and 82% of them are willing to spend more on a site that’s accessible. That’s a lot of potential revenue and customer loyalty that can be yours just by making your site more inclusive.

    Understanding Web Accessibility Standards

    To create an accessible website, it’s essential to understand key standards, particularly the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG). These guidelines, developed by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), provide a roadmap for making web content more accessible to people with disabilities.

    Key Principles of WCAG

    The WCAG outlines four fundamental principles, often remembered by the acronym POUR:

    1. Perceivable: Information must be presented in ways that users can perceive. This means providing text alternatives for images, using captions for videos, and ensuring sufficient contrast between text and background colors.
    2. Operable: Users should be able to navigate the site using various methods. This includes keyboard navigation and the ability to pause or stop animations.
    3. Understandable: Content and navigation must be easy to understand. This includes using clear language, consistent navigation, and proper labeling of forms.
    4. Robust: Content should be compatible with various technologies, including assistive technologies like screen readers. This means writing clean, semantic HTML.

    By adhering to these principles, you’ll be well on your way to creating a more accessible website.

    Common Barriers to Web Accessibility

    Even with the best intentions, many websites still have barriers that prevent people with disabilities from accessing their content. Here are a few common issues:

    Images Without Alt Text

    Images can be a significant barrier if they don’t have descriptive alt text. Alt text is essential for users who rely on screen readers, as it provides context about the image.

    Poor Color Contrast

    If the contrast between your text and background is too low, it can be challenging for individuals with visual impairments to read your content. Aim for a contrast ratio of at least 4.5:1 for normal text.

    Inaccessible Forms

    Forms are often problematic. If they lack labels or instructions, users with disabilities may find it challenging to fill them out. Always ensure that forms are correctly labeled and provide clear instructions.

    Lack of Keyboard Navigation

    Many users with disabilities rely on keyboard navigation rather than a mouse. If your website doesn’t support this, it can create significant barriers.

    Testing Your Website for Accessibility

    Now that you understand the importance of ADA compliance and common barriers, how do you ensure your website is accessible? Here are some methods for testing your site:

    Manual Checks

    Begin with manual checks of your website. Go through your site using only the keyboard. Can you navigate easily? Test your forms to see if they’re usable without a mouse. This basic level of testing can reveal a lot about your site’s accessibility.

    Automated Tools

    Automated accessibility testing tools can help identify many common issues quickly. Here are a few popular options:

    • WAVE: This browser extension evaluates accessibility and highlights issues on your page.
    • Lighthouse: Built into Chrome’s developer tools, Lighthouse provides audits of various web aspects, including accessibility.

    While these tools are helpful, they don’t catch everything. They should be used in conjunction with manual checks to ensure a truly ADA-compliant website.

    User Testing with Assistive Technologies

    The best way to understand how ADA-compliant your site truly is is to test it with real users who have disabilities.

    • Screen Readers: Ask users to navigate your site using popular screen readers like JAWS or NVDA.
    • Keyboard Navigation: Observe how users interact with your site using only a keyboard.

    Getting feedback from users with disabilities will give you insights that automated tools might miss.

    Practical Steps to Improve Accessibility

    Once you’ve identified accessibility issues on your site, what should you do next? Here are some practical steps you can take:

    • Start with an Accessibility Audit: Before making any changes, conduct a comprehensive audit of your website. Use both automated tools and manual checks to identify barriers.
    • Prioritize Quick Wins: Addressing some accessibility issues can take time, but there are many “quick wins” you can tackle right away.
    • Implement Staff Training and Awareness: Accessibility is not just a one-person job. Ensure your content creators, developers, and designers are trained on best practices for maintaining and improving web accessibility.
    • Monitor Accessibility Consistently: Regular audits are essential, but ongoing monitoring ensures that new updates don’t introduce issues. Services like 216digital’s a11y.Radar can help by continuously checking for compliance and alerting you to new challenges.

    Conclusion

    Making sure your website is ADA-compliant is more than just checking a legal box—it’s about creating a space where everyone feels welcome. Prioritizing accessibility can open your business to a wider audience, boost user satisfaction, and even shield you from potential legal issues. But let’s be honest: navigating the ins and outs of accessibility can feel overwhelming.

    That’s where we come in. At 216digital, we’re here to make it simple. Schedule an ADA briefing with us to find out if your website is at risk and how we can help make it more inclusive. Don’t wait until there’s a problem; get ahead of it and show your commitment to accessibility today. Your future customers (and your peace of mind) will thank you!

    Greg McNeil

    October 30, 2024
    Legal Compliance
    Accessibility testing, ADA Compliance, ADA Lawsuit, WCAG, Web Accessibility
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