216digital.
Web Accessibility

Phase 1
Web Remediation for Lawsuit Settlement & Prevention


Phase 2
Real-World Accessibility


a11y.Radar
Ongoing Monitoring and Maintenance


Consultation & Training

Is Your Website Vulnerable to Frivolous Lawsuits?
Get a Free Web Accessibility Audit to Learn Where You Stand
Find Out Today!

Web Design & Development

Marketing

PPC Management
Google & Social Media Ads


Professional SEO
Increase Organic Search Strength

Interested in Marketing?
Speak to an Expert about marketing opportunities for your brand to cultivate support and growth online.
Contact Us

About

Blog

Contact Us
  • ADA Compliance vs Web Accessibility: What is the Difference

    As more businesses move online, understanding web accessibility and ADA compliance becomes crucial. These terms are often used interchangeably but represent different aspects of making a website user-friendly for everyone, including individuals with disabilities. Knowing the distinction between web accessibility and ADA compliance can help protect your business from lawsuits while ensuring your site provides an inclusive experience.

    In this article, we’ll examine the definitions of web accessibility and ADA compliance, explore their differences, discuss the legal risks associated with non-compliance, and explain how businesses can proactively address accessibility issues using services like 216digital’s Phase 1 remediation.

    What is Web Accessibility?

    Web accessibility involves designing and developing websites, tools, and technologies to ensure they are usable by people with a wide range of abilities and disabilities. This includes individuals who have visual, auditory, physical, speech, cognitive, or neurological disabilities. The goal of web accessibility is to ensure that everyone, regardless of their disability, can perceive, understand, navigate, and interact with the web.

    Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG)

    The primary standard for web accessibility is the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG), created by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). The latest version, WCAG 2.1, provides a comprehensive set of guidelines aimed at making web content accessible. These guidelines are organized around four core principles, commonly known as POUR:

    • Perceivable: Information and user interface components must be presented in ways that all users can perceive.
    • Operable: User interface components and navigation must be operable for everyone, including those using assistive technologies like screen readers.
    • Understandable: Information and the operation of the user interface must be understandable.
    • Robust: Content must be strong enough to work with a wide range of technologies, including those used by people with disabilities.

    While WCAG provides the framework for web accessibility, compliance with it is generally voluntary unless law or legal action requires otherwise.

    What is ADA Compliance?

    ADA compliance refers to meeting the requirements set forth by the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), which was enacted in 1990. The ADA mandates that businesses, public services, and other organizations provide equal access to individuals with disabilities. Although the ADA was passed before the internet became mainstream, courts have increasingly ruled that websites are considered public accommodation places, meaning they must be accessible to people with disabilities.

    ADA compliance, specifically in the context of websites, refers to whether your site meets the legal requirements of the ADA as interpreted by courts and the Department of Justice (DOJ). No official legal mandate states that WCAG 2.1 must be followed to achieve ADA compliance, but it is widely accepted that adhering to WCAG is the best way to meet ADA requirements.

    How Does It Differ From Web Accessibility?

    • Web accessibility is the broader concept of ensuring that people of all abilities can use websites.
    • ADA compliance is a legal requirement for businesses in the U.S. to provide equal access to individuals with disabilities, which includes making websites accessible.

    Web accessibility is a best practice, while ADA compliance is a legal standard. Following web accessibility guidelines, like WCAG 2.1, helps businesses meet the requirements of ADA compliance, but the two terms are not identical.

    Is It Possible to Achieve and Maintain Full WCAG 2.1 Compliance?

    Yes, but it’s not always easy, especially for bigger, more complex websites. WCAG 2.1 covers a lot of areas—like how text shows up, how media is handled, how forms work, and more. As technology and user needs evolve, keeping up with compliance is an ongoing effort. Regular testing, monitoring, and updates are needed to ensure the site meets the latest accessibility standards.

    If you’re worried about protecting yourself from ADA lawsuits, aiming for full WCAG 2.1 compliance is a smart move. It can help reduce your legal risks, but it is only legally required in some cases. Courts have ruled in favor of plaintiffs in ADA lawsuits when websites were not accessible, even if they didn’t meet every single WCAG criterion.

    Does Your Website Need to Be Fully Web Accessible to Protect Your Business?

    To protect your business from ADA compliance lawsuits, it’s crucial to address the most common accessibility barriers, even if full WCAG 2.1 compliance is not achieved. Many companies focus on making the most essential parts of their website accessible, such as navigation, forms, and checkout processes. This approach can reduce the risk of a lawsuit while allowing businesses to improve their site’s accessibility gradually.

    It’s also worth noting that courts have yet to require businesses to meet every WCAG 2.1 guideline to comply with the ADA. However, companies that demonstrate they are actively working to make their sites more accessible—by following best practices and improving critical accessibility issues—are generally better positioned to defend against lawsuits.

    The Risk of ADA Compliance Lawsuits

    ADA compliance lawsuits have skyrocketed in recent years, especially against businesses with inaccessible websites. These lawsuits can be costly, both in terms of financial settlements and reputational damage. Predatory law firms have begun targeting businesses—tiny and mid-sized companies—that have websites with accessibility issues. These firms often file “copycat” lawsuits, sometimes targeting hundreds of companies with nearly identical complaints.

    The financial risk is real. Businesses are often forced to settle the lawsuit or pay legal fees, which can run into tens or even hundreds of thousands of dollars. In addition, businesses may also have to invest in website remediation services to fix accessibility issues.

    How Predatory Law Firms Target Websites

    Predatory law firms often conduct automated scans of websites to identify accessibility violations, such as missing alt text, poor contrast ratios, or non-functional navigation for keyboard-only users. Once they identify these issues, they send demand letters or file lawsuits, typically hoping that the business will settle quickly to avoid costly litigation.

    Unfortunately, even well-meaning businesses that are working on improving accessibility can be targeted. This is why it’s essential to address website accessibility proactively rather than waiting for a lawsuit to happen.

    Is Full WCAG 2.1 Compliance Required to Mitigate Lawsuits?

    While full WCAG 2.1 compliance is not explicitly required to avoid lawsuits, businesses should aim to make their websites as accessible as possible. The more barriers that are removed, the less likely it is that a website will be the target of a lawsuit.

    In most cases, addressing key accessibility issues—such as ensuring all images have alt text, providing video captions, and making the site navigable by keyboard—will significantly reduce the risk of a lawsuit.

    Protect Your Business with 216digital

    To help businesses avoid the pitfalls of non-compliance, 216digital offers Phase 1 remediation services designed to address the most critical accessibility issues quickly. These services focus on mitigating the risk of ADA lawsuits by resolving common accessibility barriers that predatory law firms often target. By implementing these initial fixes, businesses can start protecting themselves while working toward broader web accessibility goals.

    In addition to Phase 1 remediation, 216digital offers ongoing monitoring and testing services to ensure your site remains accessible over time. With a proactive approach, businesses can avoid costly lawsuits and provide a better user experience for all visitors.

    Ready to Make Your Website ADA Compliant?

    As the digital landscape continues to evolve, ensuring your website is both accessible and ADA-compliant is more important than ever. While full WCAG 2.1 compliance may not always be required, addressing key accessibility issues can significantly reduce your risk of lawsuits and enhance the user experience for all visitors.

    Take the next step toward protecting your business and making your website more inclusive. Schedule a personalized ADA compliance briefing with 216digital today. Our team can guide you through Phase 1 remediation and ongoing strategies to keep your site accessible and compliant. 

    Greg McNeil

    October 3, 2024
    Legal Compliance, WCAG Compliance
    Accessibility, ADA Compliance, ADA Website Compliance, WCAG, WCAG Compliance, Website Accessibility
  • Common Web Accessibility Pitfalls That Invite ADA Lawsuits

    The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) requires businesses to make their websites accessible to everyone, including people with disabilities. When websites fail to meet accessibility standards, they risk facing lawsuits. In recent years, ADA lawsuits related to digital accessibility have surged, with businesses large and small getting sued for non-compliance. But what exactly are the most common issues that lead to these lawsuits?

    This article will highlight the most common web accessibility barriers that lead to ADA lawsuits and provide real-world examples of lawsuits related to these issues. 

    1. Missing Alt Text

    Alt text, or alternative text, provides a written description of an image on a webpage. Screen readers, which visually impaired users use to navigate the internet, read this description aloud.Without alt text, users with visual impairments have no way of knowing what an image represents.

    For example, if a website has an image of a product for sale, the alt text might say, “Red shoe, size 8.” Without this text, screen reader users won’t know what the image shows, making it difficult to interact with the website.

    Missing or incorrect alt text is one of the most common reasons for ADA lawsuits. Many businesses overlook this small but important step, leaving essential images without descriptions.

    WCAG 2.1 Guideline: 1.1.1 – Non-text Content

    All non-text content, such as images, must have a text alternative that serves the same purpose.

    Example ADA Lawsuit: Fox News Network LLC

    Fox News Network LLC was sued because its website didn’t provide proper alt text for many images. Luc Burbon, a visually impaired user, relied on screen readers to browse the internet. When trying to navigate Fox News’ website, he encountered images without alt text, leaving him unable to understand key content. The court agreed with Burbon, emphasizing that websites must be accessible to everyone, including people with disabilities.

    2. Non-Descriptive Interactive Elements

    Interactive elements, like buttons and links, are crucial for navigating a website. However, if these elements aren’t appropriately labeled, users who rely on screen readers won’t know what a button or link does. This leads to confusion, frustration, and can make essential parts of the website inaccessible to users with disabilities.

    For example, a button labeled “Click Here” without explaining what it does will leave screen reader users guessing, especially if there’s more than one on a page. Adding contextually relevant content to the visual or accessible label, such as “Click here to learn more about our coffee” will differentiate the element while also giving users additional context.

    WCAG 2.1 Guideline: 4.1.2 – Name, Role, Value

    Interactive elements should have clear labels that explain their purpose.

    Example ADA Lawsuit: NIKE, Inc.

    Maria Mendizabal filed a class-action lawsuit against Nike, claiming that the website had many links that were either redundant or completely empty. Users with visual impairments couldn’t understand the purpose of these links, making it challenging to navigate the site. This lawsuit demonstrates the importance of appropriately labeling interactive elements so everyone can understand them.

    3. Lack of Keyboard Navigation

    Many users with disabilities rely on keyboards to navigate websites, especially those who can’t use a mouse. If a website doesn’t allow for keyboard-only navigation, or if drop-down menus can’t be accessed with a keyboard, it becomes unusable for people with mobility impairments.

    For example, if a menu only opens when hovered over with a mouse, someone using only a keyboard won’t be able to open it, blocking their access to critical sections of the site.

    WCAG 2.1 Guideline: 2.1.1 – Keyboard

    All functionality should be accessible using a keyboard.

    Example ADA Lawsuit: Parkwood Entertainment LLC

    In 2019, a lawsuit accused Parkwood Entertainment because Beyoncé’s official website, Beyonce.com, did not provide accessibility for users relying on screen readers.. Mary Conner, the visually impaired plaintiff, couldn’t navigate the drop-down menus using her keyboard. This prevented her from accessing important content and services, leading to a lawsuit.

    4. Inaccessible Forms

    Forms are commonly used on websites—for everything from signing up for newsletters to making purchases. However, forms that are difficult for people with disabilities to fill out can create barriers. Missing labels on form fields, unclear error messages, or forms that don’t work with keyboard navigation are common accessibility issues that lead to lawsuits.

    For instance, if a form field asks for a phone number but doesn’t have a proper label, a screen reader user won’t know what to enter. Or, if an error message isn’t clear about what went wrong, visually impaired users won’t be able to correct their mistakes.

    WCAG 2.1 Guideline: 3.3.2 – Labels or Instructions

    Ensure input fields have proper labels and instructions so users know what information is required.

    Example ADA Lawsuit: H&R Block Lawsuit

    A notable example of this issue is the lawsuit involving the National Federation of the Blind and H&R Block. In this case, visually impaired users discovered that H&R Block’s website did not correctly label the forms. When these users tried to input their contact information or create an account, they struggled because the screen readers failed to indicate what information they needed or where to enter it.

    5.  Inaccessible Pop-Ups and Modals

    Pop-ups and modals (dialog boxes that appear on top of a page) are common features on websites for everything from newsletter sign-ups to product promotions. However, if they are not designed with accessibility in mind, they can disrupt the user’s experience.

    Pop-ups cause confusion if they appear without warning or if users can’t close them using a keyboard. Users relying on screen readers or assistive devices may not even know that a pop-up has appeared, making it impossible for them to continue interacting with the page.

    WCAG 2.1 Guideline: 1.3.1 – Info and Relationships

    When new content, like a pop-up, appears on the screen, announce it to the user and explain how it connects to the rest of the website.

    Example ADA Lawsuit: Five Guys Enterprises

    In a lawsuit against Five Guys, a visually impaired customer couldn’t complete an online order because an inaccessible pop-up appeared when trying to add fries to her cart. Her screen reader didn’t recognize the pop-up, making it impossible for her to finish the purchase. This case highlights the importance of making pop-ups accessible to everyone.

    How to Avoid ADA Lawsuits

    Avoiding ADA lawsuits starts with a proactive approach to web accessibility. Making your website accessible is not only a legal obligation but also an opportunity to provide a better user experience for all visitors, regardless of ability. Here are key steps you can take to avoid common accessibility pitfalls:

    1. Understand Web Accessibility Guidelines: The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) are a set of standards designed to make web content more accessible. Familiarize yourself with these guidelines to understand what needs to be done. They cover aspects like text readability, alternative text for images, and keyboard navigation.
    2. Conduct a Website Audit: Regularly audit your website for accessibility issues. There are tools available online that can help you identify problems, such as missing alt text for images or issues with color contrast. Consulting with a specialist firm like 216digital to conduct a thorough audit can also be a wise investment.
    3. Implement Ongoing Training: Train your staff, especially those involved in website management and content creation, about web accessibility. This helps create a culture of inclusivity and ensures that accessibility remains a priority.
    4. Stay Informed and Up-to-Date: Web accessibility standards and best practices can evolve over time. Stay iCompliance is not a one-time task. 216digital’s a11y.Radar service provides ongoing monitoring. It detects any new accessibility issues that may arise over time. This proactive approach helps prevent potential violations before they lead to costly lawsuits.”

    Conclusion

    Making sure your website is ADA-compliant is not just about avoiding lawsuits—it’s about ensuring that everyone, no matter their abilities, can access and enjoy your content. With the rise in ADA lawsuits, it’s more important than ever to take a proactive approach to web accessibility. Whether it’s fixing missing alt text or ensuring keyboard navigation, addressing these common issues can save your business time and money in the long run.

    If you’re unsure where to start or need help maintaining compliance, 216digital is here to help. Through our years of experience analyzing these cases, we understand how ADA non-compliance lawsuit firms identify their targets. We can help you protect your business from these risks. At 216digital, we will develop a strategy to integrate WCAG 2.1 compliance into your development roadmap. This will allow you to focus on other tasks on your to-do list.

    So don’t wait any longer; find out where you stand by scheduling a complementary ADA strategy briefing today.

    Greg McNeil

    September 25, 2024
    Legal Compliance, WCAG Compliance
    Accessibility, ADA Compliance, ADA Lawsuit, ADA Website Compliance, digital accessibility, WCAG, WCAG Compliance, Web Accessibility
  • WCAG: Web Accessible Coding 101

    Creating an inclusive online experience is more important than ever in today’s digital world. Accessible coding isn’t just a nice-to-have; it’s a must-have. But what does accessible coding mean, and why should you care? In this article, we’ll dive into the basics of accessible coding, explore seven fundamental principles with examples, and explain why following these guidelines benefits everyone.

    What is Web Accessibility?

    Web accessibility means making websites usable by everyone, including people who rely on assistive technologies like screen readers, people who can’t use a mouse, or those with visual or cognitive impairments. The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) offer a framework for creating accessible content. Adhering to WCAG helps ensure that your site is user-friendly for all.

    Why Accessible Coding is Important

    Accessible coding is crucial for a variety of reasons:

    • Wider Audience Reach: By making your site accessible, you expand your audience and enhance user experience for everyone.
    • SEO Benefits: Accessibility often overlaps with good SEO practices, boosting your website’s visibility.
    • Legal Requirements: Laws like the ADA in the U.S. require websites to be accessible, protecting you from potential legal issues.

    Now let’s dive into seven core principles of accessible coding and see how you can implement them in your website’s code.

    1.Provide Alt Text for Non-Text Components

    Alt text (short for “alternative text”) is one of the most basic, yet essential, components of web accessibility. According to WCAG 2.1 SC 1.1.1 (Non-text Content), it serves as a textual description for images and non-text content, enabling users who rely on screen readers to understand what the visual content represents.

    Why Alt Text is Important:

    • Screen Reader Accessibility: People with visual impairments use screen readers that read aloud the alt text. If an image lacks alt text, the user will miss out on important information.
    • SEO Benefits: Alt text improves SEO by giving search engines more information about the content of your images. Search engines can’t “see” images, but they can index alt text, helping your site rank better in image search results.

    Best Practices for Writing Alt Text:

    • Be Descriptive and Specific: Describe the content and purpose of the image. For example, instead of just saying “image of a tree,” say, “A large oak tree in a park during autumn.”
    • Keep it Concise: Alt text should typically be no longer than 125 characters. This keeps the description brief while still conveying necessary information.
    • Use Empty Alt Attributes for Decorative Images: For images that serve a purely decorative purpose (i.e., they don’t convey information or serve a functional purpose), use an empty alt attribute (alt=””). This prevents screen readers from wasting time on irrelevant content.

    Example:

    <img src="award-ceremony.jpg" alt="CEO receiving the 'Best Company Award' at the 2024 Business Awards" />

    In this example, the alt text describes the image in a way that conveys its significance. This provides context for users who cannot see the image and helps them understand its role on the page.

    For purely decorative images that don’t add meaning, you would use an empty alt attribute:

    <img src="border-decoration.png" alt="" />

    For more information about Alt text for images, check out our article Understanding Image Alt Text Descriptions.

    2. No Keyboard Traps

    Keyboard accessibility is critical for users who cannot use a mouse and instead rely on keyboard navigation. “Keyboard traps” occur when users get stuck in a particular interactive element (such as a form field or a modal window) and can’t navigate out using the keyboard alone.

    According to WCAG SC 2.1.1 Keyboard, websites need to be fully navigable using just a keyboard. This means that all buttons, links, and forms should be reachable and usable without a mouse. If a site doesn’t meet this standard, it can exclude many users and make it less accessible.

    How to Prevent Keyboard Traps:

    • Ensure All Interactive Elements Are Focusable: Elements like buttons, form fields, and links must be easily accessible via the keyboard’s “Tab” key.
    • Provide a Clear Way to Escape Modals: If using pop-ups or modal windows, ensure that users can exit using keyboard controls, typically the “Escape” key.

    Example:

    <a href="submit.html" id="submit-btn" tabindex="0">Submit</a>

    This code ensures that the “Submit” button can be accessed via keyboard. The tabindex="0" attribute allows it to be included in the natural tab order of the page.

    3. Allow Users to Resize Text

    People with visual impairments often need to increase the text size on websites. Accessible websites allow users to resize text up to 200% without breaking the page layout or losing content.

    How to Implement Text Resizing:

    • Use Relative Font Sizes: Avoid using fixed units like px for font size. Instead, use relative units such as em or percentages (%). This ensures that text can scale properly.
    • Test Text Scaling: After implementing relative font sizes, test your site by increasing text size to 200% in different browsers to ensure the content remains legible and the layout doesn’t break.

    Example:

    body {
    font-size: 100%; /* Base font size that scales */
    }
    h1 {
        font-size: 2em; /* 200% of the body text size */
    }

    In this example, the body text is set at a flexible 100%, and the headings use a relative size (2em) that will scale based on the user’s settings.

    4. Avoid Seizure Triggers

    Flashing elements or rapid changes in brightness can trigger seizures in people with photosensitive epilepsy. The WCAG SC 2.3.1 recommends that content should not flash more than three times per second.

    How to Prevent Seizure Triggers:

    • Avoid Fast Animations: If you need animations, make sure they don’t flash rapidly or use extreme changes in brightness.
    • Limit Flashing to Below 3 Hz: Ensure that any flashing or blinking elements do not exceed three flashes per second.

    Example:

    /* Safe animation with no rapid flashing */
    @keyframes safe-flash {
        0%, 100% { opacity: 1; }
        50% { opacity: 0.5; }
    }
    .flash-warning {
        animation: safe-flash 2s infinite;
    }

    This animation fades in and out at a safe pace, avoiding any rapid flashing that could trigger seizures.

    5. Follow a Logical Reading and Code Order

    Users who rely on screen readers navigate websites based on the underlying HTML code order, which means the structure of your code must match the logical flow of the content.

    According to WCAG Success Criterion 2.4.3, websites should be designed to allow users to navigate easily using links, headings, and other navigation tools. This means your website should allow users to effortlessly find what they’re looking for without feeling lost.

    How to Implement a Logical Code Order:

    • Use Semantic HTML Elements: Elements like <header>, <nav>, <main>, and <footer> create a well-structured HTML document that is easy for screen readers to understand.
    • Organize Content in a Meaningful Way: Ensure that headings, paragraphs, and sections appear in the correct order in your code, as this will directly impact the reading experience for users with assistive technology.

    Example:

    Here, the content is organized in a logical structure, making it easier for screen readers to understand and navigate.

      <header>
        <h1>Welcome to Our Store</h1>
        <nav>
            <ul>
                <li><a href="#home">Home</a></li>
                <li><a href="#shop">Shop</a></li>
                <li><a href="#contact">Contact Us</a></li>
            </ul>
        </nav>
    </header>
    <main>
        <section id="shop">
            <h2>Shop Our Latest Collection</h2>
            <p>Browse our new products for this season.</p>
        </section>
    </main>
    <footer>
        <p>&copy; 2024 Our Store</p>
    </footer>
    

    6. Use Headings Appropriately

    Headings are critical for organizing content and allowing users to quickly scan and understand the page structure. Screen readers rely on headings to navigate through content, making proper heading hierarchy essential.

    Best Practices for Headings:

    WCAG SC 1.3.1 Info and Relationships requires that content structure and relationships be programmatically determined or available in text. Proper use of headings and a clear content structure ensure that users can navigate and understand the content more easily.

    • Use Headings to Structure Content: Use <h1> for the main title of the page, <h2> for section titles, and so on. Don’t skip heading levels (i.e., don’t jump from <h1> to <h3>).
    • Avoid Using Headings Solely for Styling: Headings should not be used just to make text look bigger or bolder. Use them to represent the content hierarchy.

    Example:

    <h1>Guide to Accessible Coding</h1>
    <h2>Why Accessibility Matters</h2>
    <h3>Legal Requirements</h3>
    <h3>Improved User Experience</h3>

    In this example, the headings follow a logical order, making the content easy to navigate for users with screen readers.

    7. Use HTML Tags That Make Websites Accessible

    HTML provides several built-in tags that make websites more accessible. Using these elements correctly ensures that assistive technologies can understand and interact with the content.

    Key Accessible HTML Elements:

    • <label>: Associates a form field with a text description, making it easier for screen readers to understand.
    • <button>: Creates a clickable button that is accessible via keyboard and screen readers.
    • ARIA Attributes: These attributes, such as aria-label and aria-required, provide additional context for assistive technologies.

    Example:

    <form>
        <label for="email">Email Address:</label>
        <input type="email" id="email" name="email" aria-required="true">
    </form>

    In this example, the <label> tag clearly associates the input field with its description, while the aria-required="true" attribute informs screen readers that the field is mandatory.

    Don’t Just Code—Create a Welcome Mat for the Web

    Creating accessible websites isn’t just about meeting guidelines—it’s about making sure everyone has equal access to information and services online. Accessible coding improves user experience for everyone and can even boost your site’s search engine ranking. Plus, it shows that you care about all your users.

    By following these principles and using the resources provided, you can build websites that are welcoming and usable for everyone. Keep these guidelines in mind as you code, and your website will be a better place for all its visitors!

    For more information on web accessibility and coding best practices, you can visit the WCAG website.

    Greg McNeil

    September 10, 2024
    How-to Guides
    digital accessibility, How-to, WCAG, WCAG Compliance, Web Accessibility, web development
  • Does WCAG Apply to Mobile Apps?

    Does WCAG Apply to Mobile Apps?

    If you’re a website owner or app developer, you’ve probably heard about WCAG (Web Content Accessibility Guidelines). But when it comes to mobile apps, you might wonder: Does WCAG apply here too? The short answer is yes! WCAG isn’t just for websites—it extends to mobile apps as well. Let’s dive into why WCAG is important for mobile apps, what it means for accessibility, and how to ensure your app meets these guidelines.

    What is WCAG, and Why Does it Matter?

    WCAG, developed by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), provides guidelines to make web content more accessible for everyone, particularly people with disabilities. These guidelines help ensure that users with visual, auditory, motor, or cognitive impairments can interact with websites—and, as it turns out, mobile apps—with ease.

    When WCAG was first introduced, it focused on websites, but as technology evolved, so did our understanding of accessibility. With the rise of mobile apps, it’s clear that WCAG also applies to them. Whether you’re building an e-commerce app, a social media platform, or a mobile version of your website, adhering to WCAG is crucial for staying compliant with accessibility standards and avoiding legal issues.

    Does WCAG Apply to Mobile Apps?

    Yes, WCAG applies to mobile apps. While WCAG wasn’t initially designed with mobile apps in mind, its principles are just as relevant in the mobile space. The guidelines are technology-agnostic, meaning they can be applied to any digital content, including mobile apps.

    Mobile apps, like websites, must be accessible to everyone, and the same types of barriers that exist on websites—like unreadable text, poor color contrast, or unclear navigation—can also affect mobile apps. That’s why WCAG compliance is essential for mobile app development. Not only does it help create a better user experience for people with disabilities, but it also ensures that your app is legally compliant.

    The Growing Importance of Mobile Accessibility

    Mobile devices have become an essential part of our daily lives, with more people accessing information and services via apps than ever before. This makes it even more important to ensure that mobile apps are accessible. In fact, a significant portion of users rely on mobile devices as their primary way of accessing the internet, including people with disabilities. Ensuring your app meets accessibility standards isn’t just good practice; it’s a way to reach a broader audience.

    Failing to consider accessibility in mobile apps can result in lost users, bad reviews, and even legal consequences. There have been several lawsuits filed in the U.S. where businesses were held accountable for not providing accessible mobile experiences. By following WCAG, you reduce the risk of these issues and open your app to a more diverse audience.

    How WCAG Applies to Mobile Apps

    WCAG guidelines revolve around four core principles: Perceivable, Operable, Understandable, and Robust (often abbreviated as POUR). These principles are crucial when designing both websites and mobile apps.

    1. Perceivable: Information and user interface components must be presented in ways that users can perceive. For mobile apps, this means ensuring that text is readable, images are described through alt text, and media elements are captioned or have transcripts available.
    2. Operable: Users must be able to interact with all interface elements using various input methods, such as screen readers or voice commands. In mobile apps, this could include ensuring that buttons are large enough to be tapped easily and that the app works with assistive technologies like voice control or switch access.
    3. Understandable: The interface must be easy to understand and navigate. This is especially important for mobile apps, where the small screen size can make navigation more difficult. Make sure that users can easily understand how to use your app, with clear instructions and intuitive design elements.
    4. Robust: The app must be compatible with current and future technologies. This includes ensuring that your app works well across different devices, platforms, and with assistive technologies.

    Mobile App Accessibility Checklist

    Now that we’ve established that WCAG does apply to mobile apps, how do you ensure that your app is compliant? Here’s a mobile app accessibility checklist to get you started:

    Text and Readability

    1. Text Resizing: Make sure your text can get bigger without messing up the layout. This is part of WCAG 1.4.4 (Resize Text), which means users should be able to increase text size up to 200% without losing content or functionality.
    2. High Contrast: Use colors that are easy to read against each other, like dark text on a light background. This helps everyone, including those with vision problems. WCAG 1.4.3 (Contrast Ratio) suggests a contrast ratio of at least 4.5:1 for normal text and 3:1 for larger text.
    3. Alternative Text: Always include a description for images, icons, and buttons. This helps screen readers explain what’s on the screen to people who can’t see the images. This follows WCAG 1.1.1 (Non-Text Content).

    Keyboard and Assistive Technology Compatibility

    1. Keyboard Accessibility: Make sure all parts of your app can be used with just a keyboard. This is covered by WCAG 2.1.1 (Keyboard), ensuring that users who can’t use a mouse can still navigate your app.
    2. Assistive Technology: Check that your app works well with tools like screen readers, voice controls, and switches. This is important for WCAG 4.1.2 (Name, Role, Value), which ensures that assistive technologies can interpret user interface elements.
    3. Screen Reader Testing: Test your app with popular screen readers like VoiceOver (for iPhones) and TalkBack (for Android phones) to make sure they work well together.

    Navigation and Interaction

    1. Consistent Navigation: Keep navigation easy and the same across different screens. This is part of WCAG 3.2.3 (Consistent Navigation), which helps users get around without getting lost.
    2. Touch Targets: Make sure buttons and icons are big enough for everyone to tap easily. WCAG 2.5.5 (Target Size) recommends making touch targets at least 44×44 pixels.
    3. Simple Gestures: Avoid using complex gestures like multi-finger swipes without offering simpler options. WCAG 2.5.1 (Pointer Gestures) suggests providing alternatives for complex gestures.

    Audio and Video Content

    1. Captions: Add captions to all your videos so people who can’t hear well can still understand what’s being said. This is part of WCAG 1.2.2 (Captions (Pre-recorded)).
    2. Transcripts: Include transcripts for audio content and podcasts. This is a text version of the audio that helps people who are deaf or hard of hearing, covered by WCAG 1.2.1 (Audio-only and Video-only (Prerecorded)).
    3. Playback Controls: Let users control the audio playback, including volume and speed, and make sure they can pause or stop it. This aligns with WCAG 1.4.2 (Audio Control).

    Color and Contrast

    1. Color Contrast: Ensure there’s a strong contrast between text and background colors to help users with color blindness or vision problems. Aim for a contrast ratio of at least 4.5:1 for regular text and 3:1 for large text, as recommended by WCAG 1.4.3 (Contrast Ratio).
    2. Avoid Color Alone: Don’t use color as the only way to show important info. For example, if you use red to highlight an error, also include text to explain it. This follows WCAG 1.4.1 (Use of Color).

    Error Identification and Recovery

    1. Error Highlighting: Clearly show when something goes wrong, like a missing form field, and give tips on how to fix it. This is part of WCAG 3.3.1 (Error Identification) and 3.3.3 (Error Suggestion).
    2. Clear Error Messages: Make sure error messages are easy to understand, not full of technical jargon. This helps users fix mistakes, as outlined in WCAG 3.3.3 (Error Suggestion).
    3. Easy Recovery: Allow users to fix mistakes without starting over. For example, let them undo actions or correct errors easily. This is covered by WCAG 3.3.4 (Error Prevention (Legal, Financial, Data)).

    Test with Real Users

    1. User Testing: Even if you follow all the WCAG guidelines, it’s crucial to test your app with real users who use assistive technologies. Their feedback is invaluable for ensuring your app is truly accessible.
    2. Keep Improving: Use feedback from user testing to make your app better. Keep updating and checking your app to make sure it stays accessible as you add new features.

    The Benefits of Accessible Mobile Apps

    Making your mobile app accessible is not just about complying with regulations—it’s about providing a better user experience for everyone. Here are some key benefits:

    • Wider Audience: Accessible apps reach a broader audience, including users with disabilities who may not be able to use apps that don’t meet WCAG guidelines.
    • Improved Usability: Many accessibility improvements, like clearer navigation and larger touch targets, make your app easier to use for all users, not just those with disabilities.
    • Avoiding Legal Risk: Compliance with WCAG helps you stay on the right side of web compliance laws, reducing the risk of lawsuits related to accessibility.
    • Better Reputation: Being proactive about accessibility can enhance your brand’s reputation and show your commitment to inclusivity.

    Final Thoughts

    In the digital age, mobile apps are a key part of how we interact with the world, and making sure they’re accessible is crucial for providing an inclusive experience. WCAG does apply to mobile apps, and by following the guidelines, you can create apps that are usable by everyone, regardless of their abilities. Whether you’re just starting out or you’re improving an existing app, using the mobile app accessibility checklist can help ensure that your app is WCAG-compliant and ready to serve all users.

    Remember, accessibility isn’t just about following the law—it’s about doing the right thing for your users and your business. To learn more about becoming accessible and staying compliant, schedule an ADA briefing with 216digital today. We’re here to help you take the next steps!

    Greg McNeil

    August 27, 2024
    WCAG Compliance
    digital accessibility, mobile apps, WCAG, WCAG Compliance, Web Accessibility
  • The European Accessibility Act: How to Prepare

    The European Accessibility Act: How to Prepare

    In an increasingly digital world, accessibility is more than just a buzzword—it is necessary. The European Accessibility Act (EAA) is a transformative piece of legislation that will significantly impact businesses and organizations across the European Union. Understanding what the EAA entails and taking proactive steps to comply can ensure legal compliance, expand your audience, and improve the user experience.

    What is the European Accessibility Act (EAA)?

    The European Accessibility Act, adopted in 2019, aims to improve the functioning of the internal market for accessible products and services by removing barriers created by divergent rules in Member States. This directive focuses on enhancing accessibility for people with disabilities, ensuring they have equal access to products and services, particularly in the digital domain.

    The EAA applies to various sectors, including:

    • Computers and operating systems
    • ATMs, ticket kiosks, and check-in terminals
    • Smartphones
    • Digital TV equipment and related accessories
    • Telecommunication services and equipment
    • Access to audio-visual media, including TV broadcasts and related consumer devices
    • Transportation services for air, bus, rail, and maritime travel
    • Banking services
    • E-books
    • Online shopping and e-commerce

    The deadline for compliance is June 28, 2025, giving organizations a clear timeframe to adapt their products and services to meet these new standards. Non-compliance can lead to significant penalties, and more importantly, it may alienate a substantial portion of the market.

    Preparing for the EAA: Steps to Increase Digital Accessibility

    Preparing for the EAA involves thoroughly understanding the requirements and taking systematic steps to ensure your organization is compliant. Here are essential steps to help you prepare:

    1. Understand the Specific Requirements for the EAA

    The first step towards compliance is to understand the specific requirements of the EAA fully. Begin by …

    • Reviewing the text of the legislation to understand the general and specific obligations.
    • Identify which products and services your organization offers fall under the scope of the EAA.
    • Consult legal experts or accessibility consultants to interpret the requirements for your specific case.

    2.Conduct an Accessibility Audit

    An accessibility audit comprehensively evaluates your digital products and services to identify areas not meeting accessibility standards. This audit should cover:

    • Websites and web applications
    • Mobile apps
    • Electronic documents (e.g., PDFs, e-books)
    • Software and hardware interfaces

    The audit should be conducted by professionals well-versed in the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.1, as these guidelines form the basis for many of the EAA’s requirements.

    3.Develop an EAA Accessibility Strategy

    Based on the audit findings, develop a clear and actionable accessibility strategy. This strategy should include:

    • Setting Goals: Define specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound (SMART) goals for accessibility improvements.
    • Allocating Resources: Determine the budget, personnel, and tools required to implement accessibility improvements.
    • Creating a Timeline: Establish a timeline for achieving compliance, with milestones to track progress.

    4.Implement Accessibility Improvements

    With a strategy in place, begin implementing the necessary changes. Key areas to focus on include:

    • Web and Mobile Accessibility: Ensure your websites and mobile apps comply with WCAG 2.1 AA standards. This includes providing text alternatives for non-text content, making content easily navigable, and making all functionalities available via keyboard.
    • Document Accessibility: Make sure electronic documents, such as PDFs and e-books, are accessible. This involves proper formatting, including headings, lists, and tables, and ensuring screen readers can interpret the content correctly.
    • Software and Hardware Interfaces: Ensure that software interfaces are navigable and operable by people with disabilities. This might involve providing tactile indicators, voice control, or other assistive features for hardware.

    5.Train Your Team on the EAA

    Accessibility is not a one-time project but an ongoing commitment. Train your team on accessibility best practices to ensure that accessibility is integrated into your organizational culture. This training should cover:

    • Designers and Developers: Training on how to create accessible user interfaces and code.
    • Content Creators: Guidance on writing accessible content and using accessible formats.
    • Customer Service Staff: Educating on how to assist customers with disabilities.

    6.Engage with Users with Disabilities

    User testing is a critical component of accessibility. Engage with users with disabilities to test your products and services. Their feedback will provide invaluable insights into real-world accessibility issues and help you make necessary adjustments.

    7.Monitor and Maintain Accessibility

    Accessibility is an ongoing process. Establish procedures for regularly monitoring and maintaining accessibility standards. This includes:

    • Regular Audits: Conduct regular accessibility audits to ensure continued compliance.
    • User Feedback: Create channels for users to report accessibility issues and ensure these reports are addressed promptly.
    • Staying Updated: Keep abreast of updates to accessibility standards and legislation to ensure ongoing compliance.

    Benefits of Compliance

    Complying with the EAA goes beyond avoiding legal repercussions. It offers several significant benefits:

    • Wider Audience Reach: By making your products and services accessible, you open your business to a broader audience, including the estimated 135 million people with disabilities in Europe.
    • Improved User Experience: Accessibility improvements often enhance the overall user experience, benefiting all users, not just those with disabilities.
    • Enhanced Reputation: Demonstrating a commitment to accessibility can improve your organization’s reputation, showing that you value inclusivity and diversity.
    • Competitive Advantage: Early compliance can set your organization apart from competitors who may delay or neglect these essential improvements.

    Conclusion

    The European Accessibility Act is a landmark step towards a more inclusive digital world. By understanding the requirements and taking proactive steps to ensure compliance, organizations can avoid legal penalties, enhance their user experience, reach a broader audience, and demonstrate a commitment to inclusivity. 

    Schedule a briefing with 216digital today to start preparing to ensure your organization is ready for the EAA and can thrive in an increasingly accessible digital landscape.

    Greg McNeil

    July 22, 2024
    Legal Compliance
    Accessibility, digital accessibility, EAA, WCAG Compliance, Website Accessibility
Previous Page
1 2 3
216digital Scanning Tool

Audit Your Website for Free

Find Out if Your Website is WCAG & ADA Compliant













    216digital Logo

    Our team is full of expert professionals in Web Accessibility Remediation, eCommerce Design & Development, and Marketing – ready to help you reach your goals and thrive in a competitive marketplace. 

    216 Digital, Inc. BBB Business Review

    Get in Touch

    2208 E Enterprise Pkwy
    Twinsburg, OH 44087
    216.505.4400
    info@216digital.com

    Support

    Support Desk
    Acceptable Use Policy
    Accessibility Policy
    Privacy Policy

    Web Accessibility

    Settlement & Risk Mitigation
    WCAG 2.1/2.2 AA Compliance
    Monitoring Service by a11y.Radar

    Development & Marketing

    eCommerce Development
    PPC Marketing
    Professional SEO

    About

    About Us
    Contact

    Copyright 2024 216digital. All Rights Reserved.