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  • Why Should Websites Prioritize Multimedia Accessibility?

    Today, video and audio have become essential ways to share information. In fact, the average person now watches about 84 minutes of online video each day, and that number continues to grow. Podcasts, livestreams, and short clips fill our feeds, but there’s a critical point many content creators overlook: not everyone experiences multimedia in the same way. For individuals without access to captions, transcripts, or other multimedia accessibility features, valuable information can slip through the cracks.

    Research from Johns Hopkins University shows that 1 in 5 people live with hearing loss that affects everyday communication. Add that to the 21 million with visual impairments and the 65.6 million with learning or attention-related conditions, and you have over 130 million Americans who might struggle with typical video and audio formats. Below, we’ll explore why it’s so important to make your multimedia accessible and share some key steps for doing it right.

    Video and Audio Accessibility

    Multimedia accessibility means designing video and audio content so people with hearing, visual, or cognitive challenges can fully engage. Often, this involves retrofitting existing videos or podcasts to align with guidelines such as the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG). These guidelines outline how to make digital media easy to perceive, operate, and understand for everyone.

    People can encounter many barriers online. Someone who is Deaf or hard of hearing won’t know what’s being said without captions, and a person with low vision may have trouble following on-screen text without audio description. Even individuals with learning differences might find it tough to keep up if the video moves too fast. By addressing these issues, you create a better experience for everyone—whether they have a disability or simply prefer a different way of engaging with content.

    Why Remediating Multimedia Is Essential

    Inclusive User Experience

    Making your videos and audio clips accessible ensures you’re not leaving anyone behind. Features like captions, transcripts, and audio descriptions help people with disabilities, but they also benefit those watching in a noisy coffee shop, people who learn best through reading, or anyone who wants to watch without turning up the volume. Accessibility features often help more users than you’d expect, much like how ramps and elevators benefit parents with strollers and travelers with luggage, not just individuals who use wheelchairs.

    Legal Compliance & Risk Mitigation

    In the United States, laws such as the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and Section 508 require accessible digital content in many situations. Failing to meet these requirements can lead to lawsuits, financial penalties, and damage to your brand’s reputation. It’s far safer—and more ethical—to be proactive about multimedia accessibility rather than risk legal problems down the road.

    SEO and Discoverability

    Making your multimedia content accessible also helps search engines like Google understand what’s in your videos and audio. That’s because search engines can’t watch a video or listen to a podcast the same way humans do—but they can read text. When you add captions, transcripts, and descriptive metadata, your content becomes easier to index, which can boost your search rankings and bring more people to your website.

    Key Multimedia Accessibility Techniques

    Captions and Subtitles

    Captions display the spoken words, plus important sounds (like music or a door slamming) on screen. They can be closed (user can turn them on or off) or open (always displayed). Effective captions must be accurate, in sync with the audio, and easy to read. This is crucial for people who are Deaf or hard of hearing, but it also helps viewers in noisy surroundings or those who find text easier to follow.

    Transcripts

    Transcripts are full text versions of everything said and heard in a video or audio file. They should include key sound effects or music cues as well. Transcripts are especially helpful for people with hearing loss or attention difficulties, but they’re also a big plus for your search engine optimization because they offer a text-based format that Google can index.

    Audio Descriptions

    For viewers with visual impairments, audio descriptions explain important visuals that aren’t covered by dialogue—like a shift in setting or a character’s facial expression. Ideally, these descriptions are inserted during natural pauses in the speech so they don’t interrupt the flow of the content.

    Using an Accessible Video Player

    Even well-captioned videos aren’t truly accessible if the video player itself is hard to navigate. Look for a player that supports keyboard navigation, screen readers, adjustable playback speeds, and independent volume controls for different audio elements.

    Planning Multimedia Accessibility from the Start

    While it’s possible to add accessibility features to existing media, it’s much easier (and less time-consuming) to plan these features from the beginning. Choose platforms that support captions, transcripts, and audio descriptions, and be sure to test your content with real users who rely on assistive technologies.

    Conclusion

    Making your videos and audio content accessible is about ensuring no one is left out. It’s not just good ethics or a legal must-have—it also boosts your SEO, widens your audience, and enhances user satisfaction. By adding captions, transcripts, audio descriptions, and user-friendly video players, you’re creating content that welcomes everyone.

    If you’re ready to take the next step, 216digital can help you make your website’s multimedia content truly inclusive. Contact us today to learn how. Multimedia accessibility is more than just checking a box—it’s about respecting your audience and future-proofing your brand in an increasingly diverse digital world.

    Greg McNeil

    February 24, 2025
    WCAG Compliance
    Accessibility, videos and audio content, WCAG Compliance, Website Accessibility

  • WCAG Basics: “Change of Context” or “Change of Content”

    Have you ever clicked on a text field and suddenly found yourself whisked away to a new page without warning? Or maybe you saw a form error message pop up out of nowhere, but your cursor stayed right where it was? These two situations hint at the difference between a “change of context” and a “change of content.”

    If you’re trying to make your website accessible, it’s important to know which is which because the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) treat them very differently. In this post, we’ll explore both terms, share some real-life examples, and give you tips on how to keep your site friendly and easy to use. By the end, you’ll have a stronger grasp of WCAG best practices and the confidence to apply them to your site.

    Why These Terms Matter

    People who rely on screen readers or keyboard navigation often can’t see or skim an entire page at once. Sudden or unexpected changes—like being redirected to a new tab—can be disorienting for them. That’s why WCAG sets clear rules to help you avoid making people feel lost.

    However, understanding “change of context” and “change of content” also helps with other accessibility concepts. For example, clarifying how your content updates ties right in with “Alternative for Time-based Media” or “Media Alternative for Text“—two other areas covered under WCAG. The more you know about these related topics, the better your site will serve all kinds of users.

    “Change of Context” in Plain Terms

    A “change of context” is a big shift in what a user sees or how they interact with the page. Under WCAG, it can include:

    • Opening a new window or tab without telling the user.
    • Moving the focus to another section of the page unexpectedly.
    • Redesigning the layout in a way that confuses users.

    For example, imagine you click into a text field, and suddenly, your screen shifts to another form altogether. That’s a huge jump! WCAG 3.2.1 (On Focus) says you shouldn’t trigger this kind of shift just because the user’s focus landed on an element. If the user ends up somewhere new, or a new window appears without their Input, you’re dealing with a “change of context.”

    “Change of Content” in Action

    Now, let’s say you click a menu button, and the menu expands without moving your cursor or launching a new page. That’s a “change of content.” You’re still in the same place—you can just see more information. This kind of change is usually okay as long as it doesn’t confuse or mislead.

    WCAG makes the point that not every content update equals a context change. You can display a tooltip, expand a dropdown, or show an inline error message without violating rules. As an example, if you’re filtering products on an eCommerce site and the list of items refreshes while your focus stays put, you’re likely good to go. The user expects new content to appear, so it’s not disorienting.

    When It Becomes an Accessibility Issue

    Mixing up these concepts can cause problems for people who rely on assistive technologies. For instance, if your site changes context every time someone selects a checkbox, they might lose track of where they were. WCAG 3.2.2 (On Input) warns against automatically triggering a big context shift unless you clearly warn the user or let them choose when it happens.

    At higher levels of WCAG (like AAA), 3.2.5 (Change on Request) says that major shifts should happen only when the user deliberately starts them—or they should be easy to dismiss. That means you can’t force a pop-up window to stay on screen with no way to close it. People need control over how they explore your site.

    Status Messages and Alerts

    Some sites show status messages—like “Item added to your cart”—that don’t move focus but do tell assistive tech users what’s happening. That’s allowed under WCAG 4.1.3 (Status Messages) because the screen reader can announce the alert without taking the user away from what they were doing.

    Things get trickier when an alert moves focus to itself. Sometimes, that’s necessary (say, with a big error), and if the user’s action triggers it, it can still meet WCAG standards. But if your site automatically shifts focus to a timeout warning with no user action, that can become a disorienting change of context—especially at the AAA level of WCAG compliance.

    Tips for Making It Work

    Keep People Where They Are

    Unless there’s a solid reason for moving focus or opening a new page, don’t do it. A small update to the same page is usually a “change of content,” which is less disruptive.

    Give Users a Heads-Up

    If you need to make a “change of context,” warn the user first. For example, say, “Selecting this option opens a new window.” This aligns with WCAG recommendations, especially 3.2.2.

    Test with Assistive Tech

    The best way to find out if your site is user-friendly is to try it with screen readers, keyboard-only navigation, or other assistive tools. You’ll quickly spot if something is shifting unexpectedly.

    Use ARIA Properly

    If you have alerts or status messages, use ARIA roles like role= “alert” or aria-live so screen readers can announce them without moving focus. This follows WCAG 4.1.3 guidelines for status updates.

    Think About Your Audience

    Some changes of context, like a security timeout, might be needed. Just remember to give the user control whenever possible.

    Wrapping It Up

    Understanding when something is a “change of context” rather than just a “change of content” is a big part of complying with WCAG. When you keep these definitions clear, you’ll avoid creating barriers that leave users confused and frustrated. It also ties back to important concepts like “Alternative for Time-based Media” and “Media Alternative for Text,” which help make websites more inclusive overall.

    Remember, WCAG doesn’t just set rules—it helps us create better experiences for everyone. If you need extra guidance, 216digital is here to help. We can perform an Accessibility Audit to see where your site stands, offer advice on meeting WCAG success criteria like 3.2.1, 3.2.2, 3.2.5, and 4.1.3, and suggest ways to make your site easier for all. 

    Ready to get started? Schedule a consultation with 216digital today and make sure you’re on the path to a more inclusive, user-friendly website!

    Greg McNeil

    February 20, 2025
    WCAG Compliance
    Accessibility, WCAG, WCAG Compliance, WCAG conformance, Web Accessibility, Website Accessibility

  • WCAG 2.1 and 2.2 Level AA Compliance Checklist

    Making a website that works well for all visitors is very important. Whether people are using a screen reader, a keyboard instead of a mouse, or just browsing on a small phone, they should be able to enjoy your site without trouble. That’s where guidelines like WCAG 2.1 and WCAG 2.2 come into play. They help you figure out how to design and develop your website to be welcoming to everyone. This post will explore why these standards matter and provide a handy checklist to help you meet Level AA compliance.

    What Are WCAG 2.1 and WCAG 2.2?

    WCAG stands for Web Content Accessibility Guidelines. These guidelines are created by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), a group that works to improve the Internet. The goal is to help developers, designers, and website owners make web pages that people of all abilities can use.

    • WCAG 2.1 focuses on areas like mobile accessibility, helping people with low vision, and simplifying things for those with cognitive or learning differences.
    • WCAG 2.2 builds on 2.1, adding more ways to ensure websites are user-friendly across various assistive tools and devices.

    When you aim for Level AA under these guidelines, you cover a wide range of barriers that many people face online. This level is a popular target because it helps most users get a smooth experience while staying realistic in terms of time and cost for website owners.

    Why Accessibility Is Key

    In the United States, many people look for websites they can use easily, even if they have different skills or use different devices. By following WCAG 2.1 and WCAG 2.2, you’re making sure your site can be seen, understood, and operated by everyone who lands on your pages. These guidelines improve the overall usability of your site, which can lead to happier visitors, more return traffic, and a stronger online presence.

    Some people think accessibility features only help those with disabilities, but that isn’t the full story. For example, captions on videos help viewers in noisy places, and clear headings make pages easier to scan for everyone. In other words, these improvements can boost your site’s performance for all visitors, not just a few.

    The Four Principles of WCAG

    Both WCAG 2.1 and WCAG 2.2 focus on four main principles, often known as POUR:

    Perceivable

    People should be able to sense and process the information on your site. This includes making text large enough to read and providing text alternatives for images or audio.

    Operable

    Your site should be easy to interact with. This means visitors can use a keyboard instead of a mouse or stop and pause moving content if they need more time.

    Understandable

    Content should be simple to read and organized in a clear way. Consistent layouts and obvious labels help people find what they’re looking for.

    Robust

    A robust site works well across different devices and assistive technologies. Proper HTML structure and well-labeled elements are examples of ways to keep your site solid and flexible.

    A Checklist for WCAG 2.1 and 2.2 Level AA Compliance

    Below is a practical checklist to guide you. This list is not exhaustive, but it covers many key points to keep in mind when aiming for WCAG 2.2 Level AA.

    1. Perceivable

    1. Text Alternatives for Media
      • Add alt text to images that share important information. This lets screen readers describe images to users who can’t see them.
      • Provide transcripts or captions for audio and video content so people who are deaf or hard of hearing can follow along.
    2. Color Contrast and Text Size
      • Ensure your text stands out against the background. A ratio of at least 4.5:1 is recommended for normal text and 3:1 for larger text.
      • Make sure text can be resized up to 200% without losing functionality or clarity.
    3. Responsive and Flexible Layout
      • Design pages to work well on phones, tablets, and desktop screens.
      • Don’t rely on just color to convey meaning. For example, if you have error messages in red, also include an icon or text label that says “Error.”

    2. Operable

    1. Keyboard Navigation
      • Test your site using only a keyboard. You should be able to reach every link, button, and form field.
      • Make sure there are no “keyboard traps” where you can’t move forward or backward in a form or menu.
    2. Focus Indicators
      • Provide a visible outline or highlight for the element in focus. This helps users see where they are on the page as they tab through it.
    3. Timing and Movement Controls
      • If your site has slideshows, videos, or any moving parts, allow users to pause or stop them. This is especially important for people who need more time to read or interact.
    4. Bypass Blocks
      • Include a “Skip to main content” link so users don’t have to tab through large menus every time.
      • Break your site into clear sections with headings or landmarks.

    3. Understandable

    1. Clear, Simple Language
      • Aim for short sentences and paragraphs. Organize content with headings, bullet points, or numbered lists.
      • Provide definitions or explanations for any unusual terms or abbreviations.
    2. Consistent Navigation
      • Keep your menu and site structure similar across all pages. A consistent layout helps visitors learn and predict where things are.
    3. Helpful Error Messages
      • If a visitor makes an error on a form (like entering an invalid email), explain the problem and how they can fix it.
      • Use clear wording for buttons. For example, instead of “Submit,” try something like “Send Message” if that’s what’s happening.

    4. Robust

    1. Semantic HTML and ARIA
      • Use proper HTML tags like <h1> for main titles and <h2> for subheadings. This helps screen readers and other tools understand your content’s structure.
      • If you have dynamic content like pop-up menus, consider using ARIA (Accessible Rich Internet Applications) labels to clarify these features.
    2. Test with Assistive Tools
      • Try out screen readers like NVDA (Windows) or VoiceOver (Mac) on your site.
      • Check how your site behaves with magnifiers or voice control software.
    3. WCAG 2.2 Highlights
      • Accessible Authentication: Try using a password manager or simpler login methods so you won’t have to memorize codes every time you log in.
      • Target Size: Interactive elements, like buttons and links, should be large enough (at least 24×24 CSS pixels) to tap comfortably. This is especially crucial for mobile devices.
      • Drag-and-Drop Options: If your website uses drag-and-drop features, provide keyboard-friendly ways to do the same task.

    Testing Your Site

    Even if you follow all these guidelines, it’s wise to test your site thoroughly. Here are a few suggestions:

    • Automated Scanners: Tools like WAVE and Lighthouse can point out possible issues and give you quick fixes.
    • Manual Checks: Use your site with a keyboard to see if you can tab through elements correctly. Also, turn off your monitor or close your eyes and see if you can rely solely on a screen reader to navigate.
    • User Feedback: Ask real users to test your site. They can share their experiences and spot issues you might have missed.

    Making Accessibility Part of Your Routine

    Accessibility can feel like a big job at first, but it becomes easier when you build it into your normal process. Start small by fixing one area at a time—maybe improve the color contrast first, then add captions to videos, and so on. As you learn more about WCAG 2.1 and WCAG 2.2, you’ll discover that these changes often benefit everyone who uses your website.

    Regularly updating and testing your site is also a good idea. Technology changes quickly, and new devices and browsers appear all the time. Staying up to date with best practices means your site will remain friendly and easy to use.

    Conclusion

    Following WCAG 2.1 and WCAG 2.2 Level AA guidelines is a great way to make your website more welcoming. This checklist helps you cover the basics—like text alternatives, keyboard navigation, and clear instructions—but it’s just the beginning. As you keep learning and improving, you’ll find more ways to create a site that everyone can navigate and enjoy.

    Whether you’re a small business owner, a blogger, or a large company, making an accessible website helps you connect with more people and makes every visitor feel welcome. Check out these WCAG 2.2 tips and see how they can transform your site into a space everyone can enjoy!

    Greg McNeil

    January 30, 2025
    WCAG Compliance
    Accessibility, WCAG, WCAG 2.1, WCAG 2.2, WCAG Compliance, WCAG conformance, Web Accessibility, Website Accessibility

  • Legal Compliance for Websites: A Guide to Accessibility

    Legal compliance for websites is a key step toward building a welcoming digital space.

    When you create a website, you want as many people as possible to enjoy it. This goal includes users with disabilities who may rely on assistive technology.

    This guide will explain the main laws and guidelines that affect website accessibility. It will also share tips on how to keep your site compliant. By the end, you will have a better grasp of how to protect your business and create a better online experience.

    Why Accessibility Matters

    Accessibility is about making sure that all users, including those with disabilities, can interact with your website. People have different needs. Some use screen readers to hear text read aloud, while others navigate websites by keyboard or voice commands.

    When your website is accessible, you open your doors to a bigger audience. You also reduce legal risks. Many businesses have faced lawsuits for failing to meet these standards. A commitment to legal compliance and accessibility can improve customer trust and brand image.

    Major Accessibility Laws in the United States

    1. Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)

    The ADA is a civil rights law that bans discrimination based on disability in many areas of public life. Though it does not mention websites directly, courts often view online spaces as public places. This means that business websites need to be usable by people with disabilities.

    A growing number of lawsuits focus on ADA website violations.

    Businesses in retail, hospitality, and beyond have faced legal action. By prioritizing legal compliance and following accepted guidelines, you can lower this risk and help more people access your site’s content.

    2. Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act

    Section 508 applies to federal agencies and other organizations that receive federal funding. It requires that electronic and information technology, including websites, be accessible. This standard guides agencies on what to do, and it also helps private businesses learn from these rules.

    If you work with government agencies, Section 508 legal compliance might be required in your contracts. This can impact design choices and the tools you use to develop your website.

    International Regulations

    You may operate in more than one country, or you might have users from around the world. Different regions have their own accessibility laws. A few common examples include:

    • European Accessibility Act (EAA): Covers digital products and services in the European Union.
    • Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act (AODA): Requires organizations in Ontario, Canada, to meet set standards.
    • Australian DDA (Disability Discrimination Act): Digital accessibility is included in its guidelines.

    These laws share a common goal: allowing all people, regardless of ability, to take part in online activities.

    Consequences of Non-Compliance

    Failure to follow these standards can lead to serious problems for your business.

    1. Legal Risks: Lawsuits can be expensive. Defending even one lawsuit can cost tens of thousands of dollars or more, depending on the complexity of the claims.
    2. Reputational Damage: People may avoid businesses that do not serve all users equally. This can lead to negative press or social media criticism.
    3. Lost Opportunities: Many potential customers have disabilities. If they cannot use your website, they will go elsewhere.

    WCAG includes different levels of compliance: A, AA, and AAA. Many legal compliance guidelines suggest aiming for WCAG 2.1 Level AA. This level covers the most common issues without being too restrictive for most businesses.

    The Role of WCAG in Accessibility

    The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG), created by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), are the most widely accepted standards for web accessibility. They are built around four main ideas:

    1. Perceivable: Users must be able to see or hear your content in some form. This includes captions for videos and text alternatives for images.
    2. Operable: Your site’s features must be usable by different input methods, such as a keyboard.
    3. Understandable: Both the content and design should be clear.
    4. Robust: The site should work well with various assistive technologies, like screen readers.

    WCAG includes different levels of compliance: A, AA, and AAA. Many legal guidelines suggest aiming for WCAG 2.1 Level AA. This level covers the most common issues without being too restrictive for most businesses.

    Best Practices to Maintain Legal Compliance

    Run an Accessibility Audit

    Start by checking the current state of your website. Several free and paid tools can evaluate your site’s accessibility. Examples include:

    • WAVE: Highlights problem areas on your pages.
    • Google Lighthouse: Checks performance and accessibility within Google Chrome.

    Automated scans are helpful, but combine them with real user tests if possible.

    Fix Common Barriers

    After your audit, address any problem areas. Common fixes include:

    • Adding alt text to images.
    • Correcting color contrast so the text is easier to read.
    • Ensuring forms and buttons are usable by keyboard navigation.

    If your videos or audio files do not have captions or transcripts, add them.

    Train Your Team

    Everyone who posts content or updates your website should know basic accessibility practices. Teach them how to add alt text, format headings correctly, and keep color contrast in mind. Regular training prevents future mistakes that can harm accessibility.

    Adopt a Clear Design and Layout

    Use consistent headings, simple menus, and clear labels on your forms. This supports users who rely on screen readers or have cognitive challenges. It also creates a more pleasant experience for all users.

    Review and Update Regularly

    Websites change over time. New pages, features, or media can create fresh challenges. Perform routine reviews to catch any new issues. Keep track of updates to WCAG or other legal compliance guidelines.

    Practical Tools to Assist with Accessibility

    • Screen Readers (NVDA, JAWS): Let you hear how your site sounds to a user with visual impairments.
    • Color Contrast Checkers (WebAIM): Show you if your text and background colors meet recommended contrast levels.
    • Keyboard Testing: Move through your site using only a keyboard. Watch for traps or areas where you cannot reach buttons and links.

    These tools help you spot issues quickly. They also help you confirm that your fixes are working as expected.

    Additional Resources

    If you need more guidance, look into these sources:

    • WebAIM (Web Accessibility in Mind): Provides tutorials and articles on creating inclusive websites.
    • The A11Y Project: A community-driven site with accessibility resources, tips, and tools.
    • W3C Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI): The official home of WCAG, plus other technical resources.

    Learning about accessibility is an ongoing process. Changes in technology and updates to the law mean there is always more to discover.

    Moving Forward with an Inclusive Approach

    Making your website accessible isn’t just about legal compliance—it’s about creating a space where everyone feels welcome. By keeping accessibility in mind, you’re not just protecting your business; you’re also showing your customers that you value their experience and needs.

    Accessibility doesn’t have to be overwhelming. Start with small, intentional steps to improve your site and keep building from there. If you’re unsure where to start or want guidance, let us help. Schedule an ADA briefing with 216digital and get practical advice tailored to your business. Together, we can make your website an inclusive and inviting space for all users.

    Greg McNeil

    January 22, 2025
    Legal Compliance
    Accessibility, ADA, EAA, Legal compliance, Section 508, WCAG, WCAG Compliance

  • DOJ’s Push for WCAG Compliance: Are You Ready?

    The Department of Justice (DOJ) is turning up the heat on web accessibility. They’ve made it crystal clear: if you run a business, your website needs to follow the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG). Take Springfield Clinic as an example. This private medical practice was required to make its website, patient portals, and mobile apps meet WCAG 2.1 AA standards. It’s a wake-up call for all businesses—WCAG compliance isn’t just nice to have; it’s a must-have.

    Why Does the DOJ Care About Accessibility?

    The DOJ’s focus comes from the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). Under Title III of the ADA, businesses must make their services available to people with disabilities—this includes websites and apps. In today’s world, many people rely on digital platforms to access healthcare, shopping, and other services. If those platforms aren’t accessible, people with disabilities are left out.

    U.S. v. Springfield Clinic, LLC

    In the Springfield Clinic case, the DOJ found problems that made it hard for people with visual and manual impairments to use the website and patient portals. For example, images had no alternative text, and parts of the site were hard to use with just a keyboard. By demanding WCAG 2.1 AA compliance, the DOJ showed that these guidelines are key to making digital services fair for all.

    As part of their settlement, Springfield Clinic agreed to:

    • Review all their digital platforms (website, patient portals, and mobile apps).
    • Fix major issues right away.
    • Create a long-term plan to stay accessible.
    • Train staff on best practices for web accessibility.

    This case is a clear warning sign. Businesses must act now to avoid legal trouble later.

    What This Means for Businesses

    Springfield Clinic isn’t alone. The DOJ is watching more industries than ever, and WCAG compliance is now seen as a legal requirement. Ignoring it can lead to:

    Legal Trouble

    ADA lawsuits related to web accessibility are increasing year after year. In 2024, over 4,000 lawsuits were filed in federal and state courts, with a staggering 41% of these cases identified as copycat litigation. These lawsuits can cost businesses anywhere from $10,000 to $100,000 or more, depending on the severity of the issues and settlement terms. On top of that, companies may face ongoing costs to monitor and maintain accessibility as part of court agreements. Proactively addressing accessibility issues can help you avoid these legal pitfalls and the stress that comes with them.

    Bad PR

    When businesses are accused of excluding people with disabilities, it can quickly become a public relations nightmare. A 2020 survey found that 73% of consumers are more likely to support brands that are inclusive and accessible. Negative press about inaccessibility can erode trust, leading customers to take their business elsewhere. In the age of social media, even one complaint can go viral, causing long-term damage to your reputation. Prioritizing accessibility shows that your business values inclusivity, which builds loyalty and strengthens your brand image.

    Lost Customers

    Accessibility isn’t just the right thing to do—it’s good for business. According to the CDC, 1 in 4 people in the US live with a disability. That’s a massive market segment that businesses risk excluding when their websites aren’t accessible. Furthermore, the spending power of people with disabilities, along with their families and advocates, is estimated at $13 trillion globally. Beyond the direct financial impact, think about the ripple effect: customers with disabilities are likely to recommend accessible businesses to others. Making your website accessible ensures you’re welcoming everyone to your digital storefront.

    What Is WCAG Compliance?

    WCAG stands for Web Content Accessibility Guidelines. Created by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), these guidelines act as a roadmap for making websites, apps, and other digital platforms accessible to everyone, including people with disabilities. WCAG is widely recognized as the global standard for digital accessibility and is the framework many businesses follow to ensure their websites meet legal requirements and provide inclusive experiences.

    At its core, WCAG is all about removing barriers. It’s designed to help developers and designers create content that works for people with a wide range of disabilities, including visual, auditory, physical, speech, cognitive, and neurological challenges. The goal is to make the web a place where everyone can participate, regardless of their abilities.

    The Four Principles of WCAG (POUR)

    WCAG is built on four key principles:

    • Perceivable: Information and user interface components must be presented in ways that people can perceive. This includes features like alt text for images and captions for videos.
    • Operable: Users must be able to interact with all elements of the site, whether they’re using a mouse, keyboard, or assistive technology like a screen reader.
    • Understandable: Content should be clear and easy to follow. This means avoiding overly complicated text and ensuring navigation is consistent.
    • Robust: Content should be built to work with assistive technologies now and in the future. This ensures that websites adapt as technology evolves.

    Levels of WCAG Compliance

    WCAG compliance is divided into three levels:

    • A: The most basic level of accessibility.
    • AA: The standard most businesses aim for because it addresses the biggest barriers for users.
    • AAA: The highest level of accessibility, though it’s not practical or required for all content.

    By following these guidelines, businesses can make their websites and apps easier to use for everyone while staying compliant with laws like the ADA. It’s not just about avoiding legal trouble—it’s about creating a more inclusive, user-friendly experience for all.

    How to Make Your Website WCAG Compliant

    Taking steps toward accessibility can feel overwhelming, but you can break it down:

    Understand Web Accessibility Guidelines

    The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) are a set of standards designed to make web content more accessible. Familiarize yourself with these guidelines to understand what needs to be done. They cover aspects like text readability, alternative text for images, and keyboard navigation.

    Conduct a Website Audit

    Regularly audit your website for accessibility issues. There are tools available online that can help you identify problems, such as missing alt text for images or issues with color contrast. Consulting with a specialist firm like 216digital to conduct a thorough audit can also be a wise investment.

    Implement Ongoing Training

    Train your staff, especially those involved in website management and content creation, about web accessibility. This helps create a culture of inclusivity and ensures that accessibility remains a priority.

    Stay Informed and Up-to-Date

    Web accessibility standards and best practices can evolve over time. Stay informed about any changes and make updates to your website as necessary to remain compliant.

    Ongoing Monitoring

    WCAG Compliance is not a one-time task with 216digital’s Accessibility Radar (a11y.Radar) service providing ongoing monitoring of your website or app to detect any new accessibility issues that may arise over time. This proactive approach helps prevent potential violations before they lead to costly lawsuits.”

    Wrapping Up

    The DOJ’s focus on WCAG standards is a big deal. The Springfield Clinic case proves that accessibility matters. This isn’t just about avoiding problems. It’s about creating online spaces where everyone can belong.

    Don’t wait. Start working on WCAG compliance today. Protect your business, build your reputation, and make your site better for everyone.

    Need help? Schedule an ADA briefing with 216digital using the contact form below. We’re ready to guide you through the process.

    Greg McNeil

    December 27, 2024
    Legal Compliance
    DOJ, POUR, WCAG, WCAG Compliance, WCAG conformance

  • WCAG Tips Every Content Creator Should Know

    When you’re creating content for the web, accessibility might not always be the first thing on your mind. You’re busy crafting engaging stories, writing catchy headlines, or finding the perfect image. But here’s the deal: ignoring accessibility can limit your audience and potentially land you in legal trouble. That’s where Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) comes in—and yes, it’s easier than you think.

    Let’s break down what WCAG is, why it matters for content creators, and how you can make your content shine for everyone.

    What is WCAG, and Why Should You Care?

    WCAG stands for Web Content Accessibility Guidelines, but don’t let the formal name intimidate you. These guidelines are essentially a roadmap for making websites, apps, and digital content usable for everyone—whether someone has a disability or not. Developed by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), WCAG focuses on four key principles: making content perceivable, operable, understandable, and robust (POUR). Think of it as a checklist to ensure your site is accessible to as many people as possible.

    It’s all about ensuring that everyone, regardless of their abilities, can engage with your website. Sounds important, right? It is.

    And it’s not just for developers! WCAG applies to everyone involved in building a website, including content creators. Accessible content expands your reach, enhances the user experience, boosts your site’s SEO, and helps you avoid potential legal pitfalls. In short, accessibility isn’t a chore—it’s a win-win.

    The Benefits of Accessible Content

    Expand Your Audience Reach

    Did you know that 28.7% of adults in the U.S.—that’s over 61 million people—live with a disability? Globally, this number jumps to over 1 billion people, or 16% of the world’s population. Aligning your content with WCAG opens the door to a massive audience that often faces barriers online. Accessible content ensures these users can interact with your brand just as easily as anyone else.

    Boost SEO

    Accessible content improves your website’s visibility. For example, alternative text for images helps search engines understand your visuals, while properly structured headings and clear navigation improve crawlability. Research shows that websites meeting accessibility standards often rank higher in search engine results, giving you an edge over competitors who overlook these guidelines.

    Enhance User Experience

    Accessibility benefits everyone—not just those with disabilities. A study by Forrester Research found that improving user experience can increase conversion rates by up to 200%. Features like video captions, clear navigation, and legible fonts make it easier for users of all abilities to engage with your content.

    Avoid Legal Risks

    Lawsuits related to digital accessibility are on the rise. In the U.S., 4,605 web accessibility lawsuits were filed under the ADA in 2023—a nearly 13% increase from the previous year. Following WCAG not only protects your brand from potential litigation but also demonstrates your commitment to inclusivity.

    Practical WCAG Tips for Content Creators

    Making your content accessible doesn’t require a complete overhaul. Small, thoughtful changes can make a huge difference. Let’s dive into some practical tips for content creators, with expanded advice to make each step actionable.

    Use Proper Headings

    Headings aren’t just for organizing your thoughts—they’re essential for accessibility. Structured headings (H1, H2, H3, etc.) create a clear hierarchy that helps all users, including those using screen readers, navigate your content easily.

    • Start with a single H1 as the main title of your page.
    • Use H2 for main sections and H3 for subsections. Avoid skipping levels (e.g., going from H1 directly to H3).
    • Write headings that are concise but descriptive. For example, “Tips for Accessible Content” is better than “Tips.”

    Properly structured headings also improve SEO by signaling the importance of your content to search engines.

    Add Alternative Text for Images

    Alternative text (alt text) describes the content of an image for users who can’t see it. This helps screen reader users and also boosts SEO by making your images searchable.

    • Be specific and relevant. Instead of “Picture of a cake,” use “A three-tiered chocolate cake with white icing and red roses.”
    • Avoid saying “Image of” or “Picture of”—screen readers already indicate it’s an image.
    • If an image is decorative and doesn’t convey critical information, use a null alt attribute (alt=" ") so screen readers can skip it.

    Alt text should fit naturally into your content, adding context without overloading users with unnecessary details.

    Color Contrast

    Color contrast is vital for users with visual impairments, such as color blindness or low vision. Text that blends into the background is difficult to read, even for users without disabilities.

    • Use a contrast ratio of at least 4.5:1 for regular text and 3:1 for large text (as per WCAG SC 1.4.3).
    • Avoid using color alone to convey meaning. For instance, instead of relying on red text to indicate an error, include a descriptive message like “Please enter a valid email address.”
    • Test your designs with online contrast checkers to ensure compliance.

    Strong contrast not only aids accessibility but also improves readability and engagement for all users.

    Choose Accessible Fonts

    The typeface you use plays a significant role in how accessible your content is. Some fonts are more legible than others, particularly for users with visual impairments or learning disabilities.

    • Opt for sans-serif fonts like Arial, Verdana, or Tahoma, which are easier to read on screens.
    • Ensure your font size is large enough—typically at least 16px for body text.
    • Avoid excessive italics or decorative fonts that may be hard to read.

    Accessible fonts contribute to a cleaner, more professional appearance that benefits all users.

    Write Descriptive Links

    Vague link text like “Click here” or “Learn more” can be confusing for screen reader users. Instead, use descriptive link text that tells users where the link will take them.

    • Good example: “Read our guide on WCAG compliance for content creators.”
    • Bad example: “Click here.”
    • Ensure links make sense out of context. Some users navigate sites by jumping between links, so each one should provide value on its own.

    Descriptive links also make your content easier to scan and improve your site’s SEO.

    Create Accessible Tables

    Tables are useful for presenting data but can become a nightmare for accessibility if not designed properly.

    • Use headers (<th> tags) for column or row titles. This helps screen readers understand the table structure.
    • Avoid merging cells or using tables for layout purposes—this confuses assistive technologies.
    • Include captions to explain the table’s purpose. For example, “Table showing monthly website traffic for 2023.”

    Accessible tables ensure your data is comprehensible for all users, not just those using traditional browsers.

    Caption Your Videos

    Video captions aren’t just helpful for people who are deaf or hard of hearing—they’re valuable for anyone in a noisy or quiet environment.

    • Include both closed captions (user-controlled) and open captions (always visible).
    • Ensure captions are synced accurately with the dialogue or sounds.
    • For additional accessibility, provide a transcript that includes all spoken words, sound effects, and meaningful visual elements.

    Well-captioned videos increase engagement, improve retention, and align with WCAG guidelines.

    Use Plain Language

    Accessible content isn’t just about design—it’s also about the words you choose. Writing in plain language ensures your content is easy to understand for a broad audience, including users with cognitive disabilities.

    • Break complex ideas into smaller, simpler sentences.
    • Define jargon or technical terms the first time they appear.
    • Use bullet points and lists to organize information clearly.

    Plain language isn’t dumbing down your content; it’s making it more approachable and impactful.

    Monitor Accessibility Regularly

    Creating accessible content isn’t a one-and-done task. Websites are dynamic, with new pages, updates, and features being added constantly. This means your accessibility efforts need regular check-ins to ensure compliance with WCAG standards. Neglecting this can leave you vulnerable to accessibility gaps, which not only alienate users but could also lead to legal risks.

    Thankfully, tools like a11y.Radar make monitoring accessibility easier and more effective. This specialized service continuously scans your site for issues, giving you a clear, actionable picture of your site’s compliance status.

    Final Thoughts

    Accessibility doesn’t have to be overwhelming, and you don’t have to tackle it alone. With WCAG as your guide and the right support, you can create content that reaches more people, performs better in search engines, and provides an exceptional user experience. But ensuring accessibility is more than a one-time effort—it’s an ongoing process.

    That’s where we come in.

    At 216digital, we specialize in making web accessibility simple and actionable for content creators just like you. Whether you’re new to WCAG or need help fine-tuning your content strategy, our ADA briefing is the perfect place to start.

    Schedule your ADA briefing today, and let us show you how to make your content accessible, impactful, and compliant—all while reaching a broader audience and safeguarding your business. Accessibility is an opportunity, and together, we can help you unlock it.

    Greg McNeil

    November 26, 2024
    WCAG Compliance
    Accessibility, Content Creators, Content Writing, SEO, WCAG, WCAG Compliance, Web Accessibility

  • Why ‘Click Here’ Hurts Your Website’s Accessibility

    If you’ve spent any time browsing the web, you’ve probably come across links like “click here” or “read more.” While these phrases seem simple enough, they can actually be confusing or even frustrating—especially for people using screen readers to navigate a site. That’s where descriptive link text comes in. It’s essential for making websites more accessible to everyone, including those with disabilities. So, let’s dive into why using meaningful link text is so important and how you can write it to improve both web accessibility and overall user experience.

    What is Descriptive Link Text?

    Descriptive link text is just what it sounds like—clickable text that clearly explains what the link is for. Instead of generic phrases like “click here” or “read more,” a good descriptive link gives enough context so users know exactly where the link will take them. This is a win for all users but especially important for people with disabilities who rely on screen readers to navigate the web.

    Imagine trying to navigate a website where every link says “click here.” For someone using a screen reader, that’s a frustrating experience because they have no clue where any of those links will lead. Descriptive link text fixes that by making sure all users, no matter how they access the web, have a clear, easy-to-understand experience.

    Why “Click Here” and “Read More” Are Problematic

    Using generic phrases like “click here” or “read more” might seem harmless, but they can actually create confusion. When someone using a screen reader encounters a page full of links that all say “click here,” they’re left with no context about where the links go or what they do. It’s like being handed a bunch of blank signposts with no labels.

    Let’s take a look at an example:

    • Bad Link: Click here to read more.
    • Better Link: Learn more about our services.

    In the second example, the user knows exactly what they’re clicking on, which makes the experience more apparent and more helpful, especially for people using screen readers.

    Empty Links and Their Impact on Accessibility

    Another issue when it comes to web accessibility is empty links. An empty link is one that has no text or meaningful content for a screen reader to announce. For people using screen readers, these links are useless—they navigate to them but get no information about what they do. And for those using keyboard navigation, empty links can be frustrating roadblocks.

    To avoid this, always make sure your links contain text, or if you’re using an image as a link, ensure there’s alternative text (alt text) that clearly describes what the link does.

    How Descriptive Link Text Boosts Accessibility

    One of the best things about the web is its potential to be accessible to everyone. But if we don’t put some thought into how we design and label things like links, we end up excluding a lot of people. Descriptive link text makes websites more accessible and improves the overall user experience in a few key ways:

    • Clarity for Screen Reader Users: Screen readers read links out loud. If the link text is too vague, it isn’t very clear. Descriptive text helps users know exactly what to expect before they click.
    • Better Navigation: Clear, simple language helps everyone, especially users with cognitive disabilities or learning differences, by reducing the mental effort needed to figure out what a link does.
    • Faster Browsing: Descriptive links let users quickly scan a page and understand where each link will take them. This makes it easier for everyone to find what they’re looking for without guessing.

    WCAG Guidelines for Descriptive Links

    The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) provide a set of best practices for making the web usable by everyone. According to WCAG SC 2.4.4 Link Purpose, each link should make its purpose clear, either from the link text itself or from its surrounding context.

    Here are a few essential tips from WCAG on how to write compelling link text:

    • Be Concise and Relevant: Your link text should be short but informative. Don’t go overboard, but include enough detail so users know where they’re headed.
      • Example: Instead of “click here for more,” try “Learn more about accessible landmarks.“
    • Skip the Redundancies: You don’t need to add words like “link” or “website” to your link text. Screen readers already announce that it’s a link, so saying “click here to visit the website” is unnecessary. Just say, “Visit our website.“
    • Avoid Empty Links: Every link should have meaningful content. Empty links are confusing and serve no functional purpose for users navigating with keyboards or screen readers.

    Examples of Effective and Ineffective Link Text

    • Ineffective Link Text:
      • Click here
      • Read more
      • Learn more
      • Here
    • Effective Link Text:
      • Download the 2024 Annual Report
      • Explore our upcoming events.
      • Read more about creating accessible web links.

    In these examples, the goal is to make it crystal clear where the link will take the user, leaving no room for confusion.

    Best Practices for Writing Descriptive Link Text

    • Think About Context: Consider what the user needs to know about the link’s destination. This is especially important for screen reader users who may jump between links without reading the surrounding text. Make sure the link text alone provides enough information.
    • Keep It Short and Sweet: Your link text should be informative but not too long. For example, “Contact Us for Support” is much clearer than “Click here if you need to get in touch with our support team.“
    • Use Natural Phrasing: Don’t feel like you always need to add a “click here” to your sentence. Sometimes, the best link text is already part of your content. For instance, instead of “click here to learn more about our programs,” use the “learn more about our programs” link.
    • Avoid URLs as Links: Long URLs are difficult for screen readers to interpret, especially if they contain numbers and special characters. Instead of linking a URL directly, use descriptive text like “Visit 216digital’s a11y.Radar Monitoring Page.”
    • Alt Text for Image Links: If an image serves as a link, make sure the alt text conveys the purpose of the link. For example, if a shopping cart icon leads to the cart page, use alt text like “View Cart” rather than just “Cart.”

    Linking It All Together

    Incorporating descriptive link text is a small change that can have a significant impact on your website’s web accessibility. By ditching generic phrases, using clear and concise language, and following WCAG guidelines, you’ll make your site more navigable for everyone—especially users who rely on screen readers.

    Creating an inclusive web experience doesn’t have to be complicated, but it does take attention to detail. If you’re unsure whether your website’s accessibility measures, including your link text, are up to standard, it might be time to seek expert advice. At 216digital, we offer ADA briefings that help you identify areas for improvement and ensure your site meets accessibility requirements.

    Take the next step towards a more accessible web presence and schedule a complimentary ADA briefing with 216digital today. We’re here to guide you through the process and help you create a site that’s welcoming and usable for everyone.

    Greg McNeil

    October 14, 2024
    How-to Guides, Legal Compliance, WCAG Compliance
    Accessibility, Alt text, descriptive link text, WCAG, WCAG Compliance, Web Accessibility

  • Debunking Common WCAG Myths

    When it comes to digital accessibility, misconceptions can lead businesses astray, leaving them vulnerable to compliance issues and missed opportunities. From believing that automated tools can handle everything to thinking that accessibility compromises design, these myths often create unnecessary hurdles. The truth? Achieving web accessibility is not only possible but it can also be seamlessly integrated into your existing processes.

    Let’s debunk some of the most common myths about the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) so your business can take the right steps toward an accessible and inclusive online experience.

    Myth 1: Conformance with WCAG = Compliance with Accessibility Laws

    One of the most prevalent misconceptions is that adhering to WCAG automatically means compliance with all accessibility laws. While WCAG is widely recognized and often used as a benchmark for accessibility, it is important to note that WCAG conformance is not the same as legal compliance.

    The Reality

    Different countries have varying legal standards for accessibility, and while WCAG is used as a framework, laws such as the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) in the U.S. or the European Accessibility Act (EAA) in Europe may have their interpretations and requirements. For example, the ADA doesn’t explicitly mention WCAG, but U.S. courts frequently use WCAG as the gold standard for determining accessibility in lawsuits.

    Therefore, WCAG conformance is essential to achieving legal compliance, but it’s not the only factor. Businesses must stay informed about relevant accessibility laws in their jurisdiction to ensure full compliance.

    Myth 2: Automated Tools are All I Need to Conform with WCAG Guidelines

    Many organizations believe that using automated tools is enough to ensure compliance with WCAG. Automated testing can catch many accessibility issues, but relying solely on these tools is a mistake.

    The Reality

    Automated tools are a valuable first step in identifying accessibility issues, such as missing alt text or incorrect HTML elements. However, they cannot fully capture the complexity of human interactions with a website. Accessibility involves factors such as the ability to navigate a site using a keyboard, how intuitive the content is, and whether assistive technologies like screen readers can interpret the content correctly. These are challenges that require manual testing by actual users with disabilities.

    Automated testing, manual audits, and user testing with people who rely on assistive technologies are essential to achieving WCAG compliance.

    Myth 3: WCAG is a ”One-and-Done”Checklist

    Some businesses think that WCAG is a static checklist that, once completed, guarantees permanent accessibility.

    The Reality

    Digital accessibility is an ongoing process. Websites are living entities that change over time—content updates, new features, or design overhauls. Each change presents the possibility of new accessibility barriers. Furthermore, the WCAG evolves, with updates to reflect new technologies and user needs (e.g., the transition from WCAG 2.0 to WCAG 2.2 with WCAG 3.0 in development).

    To maintain compliance, businesses must regularly audit their digital products and ensure that any updates meet the latest WCAG standards. Accessibility should be baked into your organization’s development workflow and continuously revisited.

    Myth 4: Only Businesses Who Serve the Disability Community Need to Follow WCAG

    A common misconception is that only organizations that cater specifically to people with disabilities need to worry about WCAG compliance.

    The Reality

    Every business with an online presence should ensure digital accessibility. Over 1 billion people worldwide have some form of disability, which means that nearly every industry has potential customers who need accessible digital experiences. Additionally, in many jurisdictions, accessibility laws apply to many businesses, not just those explicitly serving the disability community.

    Web accessibility also benefits a broader audience. For instance, captions on videos can help non-native speakers and accessible forms can improve the experience for all users, regardless of ability.

    Myth 5: WCAG Guidelines Will Decrease My Site’s Visual Appeal

    There’s a lingering belief that making a website accessible according to WCAG guidelines will compromise its design and visual appeal.

    The Reality

    Accessibility and good design go hand in hand. WCAG guidelines promote clarity, simplicity, and ease of use—principles that enhance a website’s user experience. Accessible design doesn’t mean dull or unattractive; it means that the site is intuitive and easy to navigate for all users.

    Elements like sufficient color contrast, straightforward typography, and intuitive navigation are central to accessibility and aesthetics. Many visually stunning websites are entirely WCAG compliant by incorporating a design that benefits all users without sacrificing creativity or brand identity.

    Myth 6: Implementing WCAG Guidelines is Expensive, Time-Consuming, and Resource-Intensive

    Some businesses fear that conforming to WCAG guidelines will be a costly, laborious process that demands a complete overhaul of their digital properties.

    The Reality

    While achieving compliance requires time and resources, it can mean something other than a complete redesign or massive financial outlay. Many accessibility fixes—like adding alt text to images or improving color contrast—are relatively straightforward and inexpensive. Additionally, non-compliance costs, such as legal fees, lost customers, and reputational damage, far outweigh the costs of becoming compliant.

    Moreover, integrating accessibility into your development process early on can make future compliance more accessible and cost-effective. Accessibility becomes much more expensive when treated as an afterthought or an add-on rather than part of the core design and development strategy.

    How to Make Accessibility Achievable for Every Business

    Debunking these myths is essential to understanding that WCAG compliance and digital accessibility are achievable for businesses of all sizes. Here are a few practical ways to approach accessibility:

    1. Start Small, Scale Up: If you’re overwhelmed by the scope of WCAG guidelines, start with the most critical aspects and gradually expand your efforts. Begin by addressing the most common accessibility barriers, such as text alternatives and keyboard navigation.
    2. Leverage External Expertise: Consider partnering with a digital accessibility expert. External accessibility consultants like 216digital bring specialized knowledge of WCAG guidelines and accessibility testing methods. They can help identify issues, prioritize fixes, and provide ongoing monitoring to ensure your site remains accessible.
    3. Use a Hybrid Testing Approach: Combine automated tools with manual and user testing by people with disabilities. Automated tools can handle repetitive checks, but manual testing is vital for uncovering issues that require human judgment and assistive technology testing.
    4. Plan for Accessibility from the Start: Integrate accessibility into your design and development process early on. This proactive approach reduces the time and cost of retrofitting accessibility into a live product.
    5. Commit to Continuous Improvement: Remember, digital accessibility isn’t a one-time project—it’s an ongoing commitment. Regular audits, training for your team, and staying informed about the latest WCAG updates will ensure you remain compliant over time.

    Accessibility is Within Reach

    Understanding these common misconceptions about WCAG and digital accessibility is just the beginning. The path to compliance and creating a truly accessible digital experience requires a tailored, proactive approach. At 216digital, we help businesses not only meet WCAG standards but also navigate the complexities of accessibility laws to protect themselves from costly litigation and better serve all users.

    Ready to take the next step? Schedule an ADA briefing with our team to ensure your digital presence is compliant, inclusive, and future-proof. Together, we can make accessibility achievable for your business.

    Greg McNeil

    October 11, 2024
    WCAG Compliance
    ADA Compliance, WCAG, WCAG Compliance, Web Accessibility, Website Accessibility

  • Web Accessibility Tips for Restaurants in 2024

    As a restaurant owner, creating an accessible and welcoming environment doesn’t just apply to your physical space—it’s equally important online. In 2024, web accessibility is no longer optional. With more diners relying on digital services like online menus and reservation systems, it’s crucial that everyone, regardless of ability, can easily navigate and interact with your website. This guide will walk you through some key ways to make your restaurant’s digital experience accessible for all, including compliance with the latest Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG).

    What is Web Accessibility?

    Web accessibility is the practice of creating digital content that can be easily used by individuals with disabilities. This means ensuring that people with visual, auditory, motor, or cognitive disabilities can easily access and interact with your content.

    For restaurants, this means making sure that your digital menu and reservation systems are easy to use for everyone, whether they navigate with a mouse, keyboard, or screen reader. But making your website accessible isn’t just about being inclusive—it also helps you meet legal requirements like the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA).

    WCAG Guidelines for Restaurants

    WCAG is the global standard for web accessibility. To ensure your restaurant’s website is accessible, you should aim for compliance with WCAG 2.1 at Level AA. Some of the key WCAG principles to keep in mind include:

    • Perceivable: Users must be able to experience content, whether through text, images, or other formats like captions.
    • Operable: Users should be able to navigate the site with a mouse, keyboard, or voice commands.
    • Understandable: The site’s information and operations should be clear and easy to use.
    • Robust: The site should work with current and future assistive technologies.

    Let’s break down how these principles apply to specific elements of your restaurant’s website, such as menus and reservation systems.

    How to Share Your Menu Accessibly

    Your menu is the core of your restaurant’s website, and making it accessible can open up your business to more customers. Start by ensuring that your menu is coded properly so that all users can access it. Avoid using PDF formats, which can be difficult for screen readers to interpret.

    Use Semantic HTML

    Semantic HTML is the building blocks for an accessible website. By using proper HTML tags, you provide structure and meaning to your content, making it easier for users to understand the structure of your content. For a menu, you can use <div> to separate menu items and <span> or <p> for the item’s name, price, and description.

    Here’s a sample code snippet for a restaurant menu using semantic HTML:

    <div class="menu-item-text">
   <h3 class="menu-item-heading">
      <span class="menu-item-name">Bruschetta</span>
      <span class="menu-item-price">$12.90</span>
   </h3>
   <p class= "menu-item-desc">Crispy toasted bread topped with fresh tomatoes, garlic, basil, and a drizzle of balsamic glaze.
   </p>
</div>

    Provide Text Alternatives for Images

    If your menu includes images of dishes, be sure to include alternative text (alt attributes) to describe them. Screen readers use this alt text to inform users what is in the image.

    For example:

    <img src= "grilled-salmon.jpg" alt= "Grilled salmon with mashed potatoes and steamed vegetables"/>

    Alt text should describe the content of the image in a way that makes sense contextually. In this case, it’s about what the dish looks like and what ingredients are included.

    How to Describe Your Menu Items

    When writing descriptions for menu items, keep in mind that clear, concise descriptions benefit everyone, especially people with cognitive disabilities. Use simple language and avoid jargon or overly complex phrases. If you have menu items that cater to specific dietary restrictions (e.g., gluten-free or vegan options), make sure these are clearly labeled.

    You could add a label like this:

    <p><strong>Gluten-Free:</strong> Yes</p>
<p><strong>Vegan:</strong> No</p>

    By making your menu easy to read and accessible, you’re not only helping users with disabilities but also improving the overall user experience.

    How to Improve Reservation Booking Accessibility

    Online reservations are convenient for both customers and restaurants, but it’s important to make sure your booking system is accessible to all users. Whether you’re using a third-party booking platform or a custom-built system, accessibility should be a top priority.

    Use Accessible Form Controls

    Forms are a key part of most reservation systems, and making sure these are accessible is essential. First, ensure that every form element has an associated <label> tag. This allows screen readers to correctly identify form fields.

    Here’s an example:

    <label for="name">Name:</label>
<input type="text" id="name" name="name" required>

    Also, be sure that all form controls can be navigated using only a keyboard. According to WCAG, all interactive elements should be operable through keyboard commands alone. This is important for people with mobility impairments who may not use a mouse.

    ARIA Roles and Live Regions

    Accessible Rich Internet Applications (ARIA) roles help make dynamic content more accessible. For example, you can use ARIA attributes to alert users of changes in the reservation system, such as confirming their booking.

    Here’s an example of using ARIA for a live region that confirms a reservation:

    <div aria-live="polite" id="confirmation-message">
  Your reservation has been confirmed.
</div>

    The aria-live= “polite” attribute ensures that screen readers announce updates to the user without disrupting the current interaction.

    Timeouts and Error Handling

    When implementing a reservation system, make sure that users are given enough time to complete their forms. WCAG 2.1 guidelines recommend providing a way to extend time limits if necessary.

    Additionally, clear and helpful error messages should be provided when users make mistakes while filling out forms. Use ARIA to ensure that these messages are communicated to users with assistive technology:

    <div aria-live="assertive" class="error-message">
  Please enter a valid phone number.
</div>

    By following these steps, you make it easier for all customers to book a table at your restaurant, ensuring they have a positive experience.

    Keyboard Navigation

    Make sure that all interactive elements, like buttons and links, can be accessed using a keyboard. This is crucial for people with mobility issues. A logical tab order should guide users through your site efficiently, moving from the main content areas to interactive elements like forms and buttons.

    To test this, try navigating your site using only the “Tab” key and see if you can access all functions.

    Accessible Calendar Widgets

    If your reservation system includes a date picker, make sure it is keyboard-accessible. Some date pickers are difficult to navigate with a keyboard or screen reader, so consider providing users with an accessible alternative, like allowing manual date entry in addition to the calendar.

    Here’s an example of a keyboard-friendly date input:

    <input type="date" id="reservation-date" name="reservation-date">

    Going Beyond Compliance: User Experience Matters

    Meeting WCAG standards is important, but don’t stop there. Think about the overall user experience. For instance, ensuring text contrast is high enough for readability, using large touch targets for buttons, and testing your website on multiple devices can significantly improve accessibility.

    An accessible website isn’t just for compliance—it’s a way to expand your customer base and create a better experience for everyone.

    A Taste of Accessibility

    Web accessibility is the secret ingredient to running a successful restaurant in 2024. By aligning your website with WCAG guidelines, you can ensure that everyone—from loyal customers to new diners—enjoys a smooth and inclusive experience, whether they’re browsing your menu or making a reservation. Beyond just compliance, an accessible site reflects your commitment to every guest, enhancing your reputation and widening your customer base.

    At 216digital, we can help you navigate the world of web accessibility, from ADA compliance to optimizing your user experience. Schedule a free ADA briefing with us today and discover how your restaurant’s website can cater to every customer, no matter their abilities. Let’s make your digital presence as inviting as your dining room!

    Greg McNeil

    October 9, 2024
    How-to Guides
    ADA Website Compliance, How-to, Restaurants, WCAG, WCAG Compliance, web development, Website Accessibility

  • What is Keyboard Navigation?

    Have you ever tried navigating a website without a mouse, using only your keyboard? If not, it’s an eye-opening experience. For many users with disabilities, keyboard navigation isn’t just an option—it’s essential. Keyboard accessibility ensures that users who rely on keyboards can interact with your website effectively. Let’s dive into what keyboard accessibility is, why it matters, and how you can implement it on your website.

    What is Keyboard Navigation?

    Keyboard navigation allows users to interact with a website without the need for a mouse. Instead of pointing and clicking, users rely on keyboard keys—like the Tab, Enter, and arrow keys—to move through web content. This form of navigation is vital for individuals with mobility impairments, vision impairments, or anyone who cannot use a mouse due to injury or physical limitations.

    For example, users can move from one link or button to the next using the Tab key and activate the selected item with Enter or Space. Think of it as a roadmap through your website, where each interactive element is a stop along the way. If your site isn’t set up for proper keyboard navigation, some users may get lost or, worse, be unable to use your site altogether.

    Why Keyboard Accessibility is Important

    Keyboard accessibility plays a crucial role in web usability, particularly for people with disabilities. Here’s why:

    1. For Users with Disabilities: Many individuals rely on assistive technologies, like screen readers or alternative input devices, to access websites. These technologies are often keyboard-based. Without proper keyboard navigation, these users may be blocked from interacting with your site.
    2. WCAG Guidelines: The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG), which serve as the global standard for web accessibility, emphasize the need for keyboard accessibility. WCAG 2.1, for example, highlights explicitly that all functionality should be operable through a keyboard interface (SC 2.1.1 – Keyboard).
    3. Compliance with Laws: In the U.S., legal frameworks like the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) can hold websites accountable for not being accessible to people with disabilities. Making your site accessible isn’t just good for your users—it can also help you avoid legal trouble.

    Implementing Proper Keyboard Navigation

    Keyboard navigation isn’t just about letting users “tab” through your site. It’s about ensuring a smooth, logical, and functional user experience. Let’s look at some key steps to making your site keyboard-friendly.

    Make All Interactive Elements Accessible

    Every element that a user can interact with—like buttons, links, forms, and dropdown menus—should be accessible by the keyboard. This means ensuring that as a user “tabs” through the page, they can reach these elements and activate them without needing a mouse.

    Here are a few ways to achieve this:

    • Use semantic HTML: Elements like <button>, <a>, and <input> are inherently keyboard-accessible. If you create custom interactive elements with <div> or <span>, ensure they are accessible by adding tabindex= "0" and using JavaScript to handle key events like pressing “Enter” or “Space” to activate them.
    • Avoid tabindex misuse: While tabindex= "0” ensures elements are focusable in the tab order, using tabindex values other than 0 can cause issues with navigation. Elements should appear in the tab order based on their natural position in the document flow.

    Example:

    <!-- Good Example -->
<button>Submit</button>
<a href="contact.html">Contact Us</a>
<!-- Custom Element Example (with proper keyboard accessibility) -->
<div role="button" tabindex="0" onclick="alert('Button clicked')">Click me</div>

    Ensure Logical Tab Order

    When users navigate your website using the Tab key, they should move through the content in a logical order. If the tab order is confusing, users can miss important information or interactive elements. The order should generally follow the visual structure of the page, moving left to right and top to bottom.

    Best Practices for Logical Tab Order:

    • Check the natural tab order: Test your site by navigating with the Tab key. Does it follow the expected order? Are there elements that seem out of place or skipped entirely?
    • Avoid skipping key elements: Ensure that every interactive element is included in the tab order. Hidden or inactive elements should not be focusable until they are visible or active.

    Use Clear Focus Indicators

    When a user navigates with their keyboard, they rely on focus indicators to know where they are on the page. Without a clear visual indicator, users may become lost.

    What’s a Focus Indicator?

    The focus indicator is a visible outline or highlight that shows which element is currently selected. For example, by default, most browsers add a visible outline to buttons, links, and form fields when they are focused.

    Best Practices for Focus Indicators:
    • Don’t disable default focus outlines: Some designers remove these outlines for aesthetic reasons, but this is a big no-no for accessibility.
    • Customize focus styles: If the default outline doesn’t fit your design, you can customize it. Just make sure the indicator is clear and easy to see.

    Example:

    /* Customize focus outline */
button: focus, a: focus {
    outline: 2px solid #007BFF; /* High contrast color */
}

    Avoid Keyboard Traps

    A keyboard trap occurs when a user navigates into a section of the page but can’t get out using the keyboard. This can happen if a dialog box or modal window doesn’t allow the user to tab away or close it using keyboard commands.

    Best Practices to Avoid Keyboard Traps:
    • Ensure users can tab away: If a modal or popup appears, users should be able to close it or continue navigating the rest of the site with the Tab key.
    • Provide a clear way to exit: Offer an accessible “Close” button or an “Esc” key option to dismiss popups.

    Example:

    <!-- Accessible modal with a close button -->
<div role="dialog" aria-labelledby="modal-title" aria-describedby="modal-description">
    <h2 id="modal-title">Modal Title</h2>
    <p id= "modal-description">This is a description of the modal.</p>
    <button onclick="closeModal()">Close</button>
</div>

    Referencing WCAG Guidelines

    To meet web accessibility standards, your site should align with the WCAG guidelines, particularly the following:

    • WCAG 2.1.1 – Keyboard: Ensure all content and functionality can be accessed using a keyboard.
    • WCAG 2.4.3 – Focus Order: Make sure users can navigate through the page in a logical sequence.
    • WCAG 2.4.7 – Focus Visible: Provide a clear indicator of focus when keyboard navigation is used.

    These guidelines are vital for ensuring that your site is accessible to all users, including those who depend on keyboard navigation.

    Making Your Website Accessible for All

    Keyboard navigation is not just about compliance—it’s about ensuring that every visitor can use your site, regardless of their physical abilities. By focusing on proper keyboard navigation, logical tab order, clear focus indicators, and avoiding keyboard traps, you’re creating an inclusive experience that benefits all users. Whether it’s improving the experience for users with disabilities or meeting the legal requirements of the ADA, the rewards of accessibility are significant.

    Implementing these changes might feel overwhelming, but you don’t have to go it alone. 216digital specializes in making websites accessible, ensuring they meet WCAG standards and ADA compliance. Our human-centered approach focuses on both the user experience and reducing legal risks.

    Ready to make your site accessible? Schedule an ADA compliance briefing with 216digital today, and let us guide you through the process of creating a website that’s usable for everyone.

    Greg McNeil

    October 4, 2024
    How-to Guides
    Accessibility, How-to, Keyboard Navigation, WCAG, WCAG Compliance, Web Accessibility, web development
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