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  • How WCAG 1.3.1 Supports Cognitive Disabilities

    Have you ever landed on a website where everything feels jumbled and disorganized? You’re left scrolling and clicking aimlessly, struggling to find exactly what you’re looking for. While that’s frustrating for anyone, imagine how overwhelming it can be for people who live with cognitive disabilities—conditions that impact concentration, memory, and decision-making.

    That’s exactly why WCAG 1.3.1 exists—to help make sure your website’s information is structured clearly enough for everyone, including those using assistive technologies, to understand it. WCAG 1.3.1 ensures your site’s headings, labels, lists, and content flow are similarly clear, logical, and user-friendly.

    Considering more than 10% of U.S. adults experience cognitive disabilities, overlooking these details can unintentionally exclude a significant audience from fully engaging with your site. By understanding and applying WCAG 1.3.1, you’ll create a digital space that feels welcoming and intuitive for everyone—no matter how they access your content.

    What Is WCAG Success Criterion 1.3.1?

    WCAG 1.3.1 is part of the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.0 at Level A, falling under the “Perceivable” category. If that sounds a bit abstract, think of it like sorting a stack of papers into clearly labeled folders. Without labels or folders, everything’s just a heap of documents. That’s no fun for anyone—especially when you’re in a rush to find something specific.

    In web terms, WCAG 1.3.1 means your headings, lists, and form labels should make sense both visually and in the background code. This way, a screen reader can “see” the right order of information. If you’re only styling text to make it bold or bigger instead of using proper headings, you might be leaving people who rely on assistive technology in the dark.

    A well-structured site is like a neatly organized book: each section has a clear title, bullet points highlight the big ideas, and you don’t have to guess where to look next.

    But here’s the important part: WCAG 1.3.1 goes beyond just how things look. It ensures that the underlying relationships in your content—like which label belongs to which form field—are crystal clear to anyone using a screen reader or navigating with a keyboard. It’s basically an invitation for everyone to participate comfortably, no matter what tools they use to browse.

    How WCAG 1.3.1 Supports Individuals with Cognitive Disabilities

    Before diving into specific tips, let’s talk a bit about what cognitive disabilities actually are. These cover a wide range of challenges with attention, memory, problem-solving, and more. Here are a few common examples, along with how WCAG 1.3.1 makes their digital lives easier:

    ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder)

    People with ADHD might find it really tough to focus if a page is cluttered or if the layout changes all the time. Too many pop-ups, ads, or random bold headings can be a nightmare.

    By keeping a consistent layout, using proper headings, and breaking text into smaller chunks, you give users with ADHD fewer distractions so they can quickly find what they need.

    Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

    Some individuals on the autism spectrum thrive on predictability. Sudden layout changes or bright, blinking ads can cause stress or confusion.

    Predictable navigation, clearly marked headings, and removing “visual clutter” create a smoother, calmer experience. When you group information logically, it’s like giving users a map that helps them explore your site at their own pace.

    Dyslexia

    Large blocks of unbroken text can be overwhelming for someone with dyslexia. Inconsistent fonts or formatting can make reading even harder.

    Clear headings, logical order, and bullet points break down the content into manageable pieces. This lets readers focus on one idea at a time instead of getting lost in a long wall of text.

    Remember, WCAG 1.3.1 isn’t just a fancy acronym. It’s a set of principles that tell you how to code and structure your site so people with various cognitive disabilities—and really, all people—can find what they’re looking for without extra stress.

    Best Practices to Implement WCAG 1.3.1

    Use Proper HTML Markup

    • Headings (<h1> to <h6>): Mark each section appropriately. It’s like having chapters and sub-chapters in a well-organized book.
    • Lists (<ul>, <ol>, <li>): Want to highlight key points or steps in a process? Use real list tags. These help people scan for main ideas.
    • Tables (<th>, <caption>): If you share data, make sure tables have clear headers, so screen readers can point out each column accurately.
    • Form Labels (<label> for <input>): Even a small tweak—like changing “Email” to “Email Address”—can help a lot.

    Make Labels and Associations Meaningful

    • Descriptive Form Labels: Be specific. “Name” could mean first name, last name, or both. “Full Name” is clearer and reduces guesswork for users who rely on assistive tools.
    • Grouping Related Form Elements: If you’re asking for billing and shipping information, use <fieldset> and <legend> to separate them. It’s like labeling two different drawers in the same cabinet.

    Keep a Logical Reading Order

    • Match Visual and Code Order: If your page appears in a certain order visually, make sure the code follows that same flow. That way, screen readers read the content in the correct sequence.
    • Avoid Layout Tables: Using tables to position content might scramble the reading order for assistive technologies. Stick to headings, sections, and CSS for layout.
    • Check CSS: Sometimes, fancy layouts shift elements around so that a screen reader says one thing while you’re visually seeing something else.

    Allow Alternative Navigation Methods

    • Use ARIA Landmarks: Elements like <nav>, <main>, and <aside> tell assistive tools what each section is for.
    • Keyboard Accessibility: Make sure users can reach all buttons and links by using the Tab key. Some folks don’t or can’t use a mouse.

    Common Mistakes to Watch Out For

    Depending on Style Instead of Structure

    For instance, using large bold text to indicate a heading but never actually marking it with <h2> or <h3>.

    Overloading with Unstructured Content

    Huge paragraphs with no headings, lists, or visual breaks can make reading a challenge for anyone, let alone someone with a cognitive disability.

    Skipping Testing

    Even if your code looks good, testing with screen readers or keyboard-only setups can reveal hidden problems. If possible, invite real users with disabilities to test your site and share feedback.

    Better Structure Means Better Accessibility

    When you boil it all down, WCAG 1.3.1 is about one key idea: making your content easy to understand and navigate. By using proper headings, clear labels, and logical order, you’re welcoming people with ADHD, ASD, dyslexia, and other cognitive disabilities into a space where they can comfortably engage with your content. And really, that’s a win for everyone. A well-organized site helps users who don’t have disabilities, too, because it’s simply easier to use.

    If you want to stay ahead in the accessibility world, WCAG 1.3.1 is a great place to start. It doesn’t have to be a big, daunting project, either. Sometimes, small changes—like adding more headings or re-labeling form fields—can make a huge difference in someone’s online experience.

    If you’re ready to optimize your site’s structure for everyone’s benefit, 216digital can guide you through each step. Our team will help you make sure your site meets WCAG 1.3.1 standards without losing any of your own unique style or branding.

    Greg McNeil

    March 26, 2025
    WCAG Compliance
    Accessibility, WCAG, WCAG Compliance, WCAG conformance, Web Accessibility

  • How to Make Websites Accessible for Cognitive Disabilities

    When was the last time you visited a website and ended up completely confused? Maybe it had flashing ads, a messy layout, or awkwardly placed menus. Now, imagine dealing with this sort of frustration on almost every site you visit—because your brain processes information a bit differently. Unfortunately, that’s the daily experience for many individuals. With 13.9 percent of U.S. adults having some sort of cognitive disability, this leaves millions of Americans unable to navigate the web.

    In this article, we’ll explore how cognitive disabilities affect web usage, the challenges they pose, and how you can adjust your design to be more welcoming. The good news is that creating a more inclusive website doesn’t have to be complicated. Small tweaks, like adding clear labels or allowing extra time to complete tasks, can have a massive impact. Let’s dive in!

    Understanding Cognitive Disabilities

    Cognitive disabilities influence how someone interprets and processes information. They can affect attention span, memory, comprehension, problem-solving skills, or social interactions. The impact varies from person to person, but there are shared themes. Some individuals may need larger text and simpler language, while others might require more time or predictable page layouts. Although these needs may differ, the core principle remains the same: clarity is key.

    Generally, cognitive disabilities can be divided into two main groups:

    • Functional Cognitive Disabilities: These conditions might be less severe but can still disrupt daily routines. Examples include learning disabilities, ADD/ADHD, dyslexia, or dyscalculia.
    • Clinical Cognitive Disabilities: These tend to be more profound or long-term, such as autism spectrum disorder, traumatic brain injury, Down syndrome, dementia, and Alzheimer’s disease. In all cases, designing websites with an emphasis on simplicity, structure, and user-friendly navigation goes a long way.

    Common Types of Cognitive Disabilities and Their Effects

    Each type of cognitive disability can pose different obstacles online. Here are a few examples:

    • Dyslexia: Reading difficulties, especially with dense paragraphs.
    • ADHD: Hard time focusing on cluttered or rapidly changing pages.
    • Dyscalculia: Challenges with numeric or math-heavy tasks, such as checkout forms.
    • Auditory Processing Disorder: Struggles with audio content lacking captions.
    • Visual Processing Disorder: Difficulty interpreting complex visuals or layouts.
    • Memory Impairments: Problems recalling steps in sequences, like multi-page forms.
    • Autism Spectrum Disorder: Sensory overload triggered by certain fonts, colors, or animations.

    How These Disabilities Affect Web Usage

    It’s important to remember that cognitive disabilities manifest uniquely in each person. Designing with clarity and adaptability ensures a broader audience can engage more comfortably. Ordinary tasks such as ordering groceries or completing a job application become far more accessible when pages are uncluttered and navigation is logical. To achieve this, adopting user-centered methods and testing your designs can reveal hidden issues.

    Key Challenges for Cognitive Accessibility

    Overwhelming Cognitive Load

    We’ve all seen websites that feel like a newspaper glued onto your screen—crammed text, ads, sidebars, and banners everywhere you look. Users with cognitive disabilities often struggle to pick out the key information on such pages. Even something as simple as bulleted lists or subheadings can help prevent that sense of overload.

    Navigation Barriers

    If you’ve ever clicked a menu and had zero idea where to go next, you know how frustrating poor navigation can be. Sites with unclear or hidden menus, inconsistent layouts, and random page names create extra hurdles for people with cognitive disabilities. Offering a straightforward menu, a search bar, and a site map will help all users feel in control.

    Complex Forms and Inputs

    Nobody likes forms that ask too many questions—but for people with cognitive disabilities, it’s even tougher. Vague field labels, surprise questions, and steps that rely on memory can cause confusion and mistakes. Straightforward instructions and friendly error messages can turn a chore into a breeze.

    Inconsistent or Distracting Design Elements

    Blinking ads, auto-refreshing slideshows, and colors that clash might grab attention, but they can also distract or confuse someone who’s trying hard to focus. Inconsistent layouts—like having the search bar in a different place on each page—can also leave users guessing. Keeping things steady and predictable is a win for all.

    Time-Sensitive Tasks

    You’re halfway through a form, trying to enter your address, and suddenly, you get logged out. Then you lose everything you typed. That’s annoying for anyone, but imagine if it happens often because you need more time to read or type. Flexible time limits and a warning before logging out can ease this pressure and show respect for different reading or typing speeds.

    WCAG Guidelines for Cognitive Accessibility

    The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) were created to help make the internet more usable for everyone—including people with disabilities. Developed by the W3C, these guidelines lay out best practices for building websites that are easier to navigate, read, and interact with. While WCAG covers a wide range of needs, it’s especially helpful when it comes to supporting people with cognitive disabilities.

    For individuals who struggle with memory, attention, problem-solving, or language processing, small design choices can make a big difference. WCAG 2.2 includes updates that directly address those needs—like giving users more time to finish tasks, making instructions clearer, and cutting down on distractions that might make it hard to focus.

    Think of WCAG as a toolkit that helps you build a site that’s more inclusive and user-friendly.

    Tried-and-True Practices for Cognitive Accessibility

    Clear, Concise Content

    • Straightforward Language: Write like you’re speaking to a friend while still being professional—jargon should be explained if it’s absolutely necessary.
    • Short Paragraphs and Lists: Make it easy to skim by breaking text into sections. Bullet points and short paragraphs help focus attention.
    • Thoughtful Headings: Headings provide a quick roadmap of the page. They’re also handy for anyone using a screen reader to jump between sections.
    • Text Alternatives: Use alt text for images and captions for video so people who struggle with visual or auditory processing can still follow along.

    Straightforward Navigation

    • Consistency: Keep your menus, logos, and search bar in the same spots on every page. This predictability helps people know exactly where to look.
    • Descriptive Labels: Instead of a generic “Learn More,” say something like “View Our Product Line.” Users shouldn’t have to guess where a link will take them.
    • Avoid Sudden Refreshes: If the page absolutely must reload or update automatically, let the user know beforehand—or give them control.

    Forms That Don’t Confuse

    • Explain Each Step: If the form is long or complex, provide a brief overview of why you need this info and how to fill it out.
    • Group Fields Logically: Put personal info in one section, payment details in another, and label each field clearly.
    • Useful Error Messages: “Invalid entry” doesn’t really help. “Please enter a valid email address” is much clearer.
    • Password Manager Support: Some people can’t remember lots of usernames and passwords—avoid any code that interferes with auto-filled credentials.

    Reducing Distractions

    • Clean Layouts: Keep a consistent, minimal approach to layout, with important info easy to find.
    • Minimal Animations: Flashing images or pop-up ads can be overwhelming, especially for people with ADHD or autism. If animation is crucial, give users a way to pause or hide it.
    • Customization Options: If possible, let visitors adjust text size, contrast, or spacing so they can create a more comfortable reading environment.

    Tackling Time Constraints

    • Extend Session Times: If your site automatically logs people out, give them a warning and a way to keep going.
    • Auto-Save: Nothing is more discouraging than losing everything after spending 15 minutes filling out a form. An auto-save feature can be a lifesaver.
    • Flexible Deadlines: If a task or process has a time requirement, consider allowing extra time or offering a simple way to request it.

    Helping with Memory and Task Completion

    • Familiar Icons: A magnifying glass for search is universally recognized—using something obscure forces a visitor to learn new symbols.
    • Progress Bars: For multi-step tasks, let users see how far they’ve come and how much is left. This can ease anxiety and keep them moving forward.
    • Save Preferences: Whether it’s language settings or preferred font sizes, remember these choices so returning visitors don’t have to redo them.

    Testing and Ongoing Refinements

    • Automatic Tools: Programs like Google Lighthouse or WAVE can highlight accessibility problems, but they’re no substitute for real testing.
    • Manual Checks: Try your site with screen readers or text-to-speech software. It might reveal a few blind spots.
    • Ask Real Users: Feedback from people who live with cognitive disabilities is invaluable. They’ll notice details or problems that might slip by everyone else.
    • Regular Updates: Technology and standards keep evolving. Plan a routine review of your site’s accessibility features, so you stay ahead of any issues.

    Making Web Accessibility a Priority

    Making a website more accessible for people with cognitive disabilities doesn’t require a complete overhaul—it starts with awareness and intentional design. When you prioritize clarity, predictability, and flexibility, you’re not just meeting the needs of some users; you’re improving usability for everyone who visits your site. Every adjustment, from a well-placed heading to a thoughtful timeout warning, can make a meaningful difference.

    If you’re unsure where to start or how to move forward, 216digital is here to help. We work with businesses of all sizes to identify gaps, implement best practices, and build experiences that are truly usable—by everyone. Accessibility isn’t a one-time fix, it’s an ongoing commitment—and we’re ready to walk that path with you.

    Greg McNeil

    March 20, 2025
    WCAG Compliance
    Accessibility, cognitive disabilities, WCAG, WCAG Compliance, WCAG conformance, Website Accessibility

  • Captions or Subtitles: What’s the Difference?

    You’ve probably used them without a second thought—watching a movie in another language, scrolling social media with the sound off, or trying to follow dialogue in a noisy room. But have you ever noticed that sometimes the text includes sound effects and speaker names, while other times it’s just the spoken words?

    It’s easy to assume captions and subtitles are the same, but they serve different purposes. If you’ve ever struggled to keep up with fast dialogue or wished for more context in a quiet scene, you’ve already experienced the difference—maybe without even realizing it.

    So, what really sets them apart, and why does it matter? Let’s break it down.

    What Are Captions?

    Captions do more than just show dialogue—they make videos accessible for people who are deaf or hard of hearing. They include spoken words and crucial audio cues such as background noises, tone changes, and speaker identifications.

    Additionally, captions help content creators comply with important accessibility guidelines like the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG), the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), and Section 508.

    Types of Captions

    Closed Captions (CC) give viewers control to switch captions on or off and even adjust their appearance. Think YouTube, Netflix, or Zoom.

    Open Captions stay visible all the time. They’re perfect for social media videos, events, or public places where you can’t rely on viewers to activate captions themselves.

    What Are Subtitles?

    Subtitles primarily translate spoken words into another language for viewers who can hear but might not understand what’s being said. Unlike captions, subtitles typically skip audio cues and speaker names. They’re great for international movies or videos aimed at a global audience.

    Subtitles vs. Captions: Key Differences

    FeaturesCaptionsSubtitles
    PurposeAccessibility for Deaf/ Hard-of-hearingLanguage Translation
    Includes Sound Effects?YesNo
    Speaker Identification?YesNo
    Non-verbal Audio Cues?YesNo
    Assumes Viewer Can Hear?NoYes

    Why Are Captions Important for Web Accessibility?

    Captions create truly inclusive content accessible to everyone. Beyond meeting legal requirements, captions help businesses avoid compliance risks and potential lawsuits.

    But captions have benefits beyond compliance—they boost SEO by enabling search engines to index your video content effectively. They enhance viewer engagement, especially in quiet or noisy environments, and help non-native speakers follow along more easily, improving comprehension and retention.

    Open vs. Closed Captions: Which Should You Use?

    Choosing between open and closed captions depends on your content and audience.

    Open Captions are excellent for social media, live events, and public displays, where activating captions isn’t practical. They ensure every viewer can immediately access your message without additional steps.

    Closed Captions are ideal for platforms like YouTube or Netflix, where viewers prefer customizing their caption viewing experience. They’re also essential for educational videos, multilingual content, or professional presentations, where accuracy and personalization enhance viewer experience.

    How to Add Captions to Your Digital Content

    Adding captions can be straightforward, whether you choose manual or automated methods.

    Manual captioning involves creating captions yourself or with professional tools like Adobe Premiere Pro or YouTube Studio. This ensures accuracy and is highly recommended for educational and professional content.

    Automatic captioning services like YouTube auto-captions or platforms such as Rev.com provide quick results but may vary in accuracy. Always review and correct auto-generated captions to maintain quality and compliance.

    Understanding caption file formats is also beneficial. Popular formats include SRT (.srt), widely compatible across platforms like YouTube and Vimeo, and VTT (.vtt), ideal for web-based videos with additional formatting options.

    How to Add Captions

    • Create or auto-generate captions.
    • Review and edit carefully for accuracy.
    • Export the appropriate caption file.
    • Upload the caption file to your video platform

    Best Practices for Creating Accessible Captions

    • Prioritize Accuracy: Always proofread and edit captions.
    • Ensure Readability: Choose clear fonts and ensure strong contrast.
    • Be Concise and Clear: Keep captions brief but sufficient to communicate context.
    • Clearly Identify Speakers: Use identifiers like [John]: to clarify speakers.
    • Strategically Place Captions: Position captions without blocking essential visuals, typically at the bottom of the screen.

    Captions & Subtitles: Enhancing Your Content

    Captions and subtitles aren’t merely text overlays—they enhance viewer experiences, improve accessibility, and expand your content’s reach. By captioning thoughtfully, you’re making your videos richer and more inclusive.

    Looking to improve accessibility on your website? At 216digital, we’re ready to help. Reach out via our contact form below and schedule an ADA briefing. Let’s explore how we can elevate your digital presence and engagement together.

    Greg McNeil

    March 10, 2025
    WCAG Compliance
    Accessibility, captions, Closed caption, subtitles, videos and audio content, WCAG, WCAG Compliance, Web Accessibility

  • How BITV 2.0 Impacts Public Websites in Germany

    If you build or manage websites, you might have heard about accessibility rules in different countries. One of the key regulations in Germany is called BITV 2.0. It helps ensure that public websites and mobile apps are usable by everyone, including people with disabilities. Website owners and content creators in the United States might wonder why they should care about German law. The truth is that many organizations have a global audience, and they often serve users in Germany, too. That’s why it’s helpful to understand BITV 2.0 and how it might affect your online presence.

    What Is BITV 2.0?

    BITV stands for Barrierefreie-Informationstechnik-Verordnung. This is Germany’s legal framework for accessible information technology. BITV 2.0 sets specific standards that public websites and mobile apps need to follow. Germany wants to remove barriers that keep people with disabilities from thoroughly enjoying online services. That includes everything from reading digital documents to completing forms.

    When we talk about BITV 2.0, we’re focusing on the revised version of the original BITV rules, introduced to reflect changes in international standards.

    Who Does BITV 2.0 Affect?

    BITV 2.0 applies mainly to public-sector organizations in Germany. That includes federal ministries, public institutions, and some agencies linked to government services. It also covers websites and mobile applications that these groups manage. If your business or organization has a European branch, it’s wise to check whether any part of your web presence is considered “public sector” in Germany. Even if your team operates mainly from the United States, you might work with German partners or serve government clients in Germany. In that case, you could fall under BITV 2.0 guidelines.

    Key Requirements and Technical Standards

    The heart of BITV 2.0 lies in its alignment with the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG). WCAG is an international set of recommendations for making web content more accessible. It focuses on four core principles:

    1. Perceivable – Users should be able to see or hear the content in some form.
    2. Operable – All users should be able to operate the interface, including those who use keyboards or assistive devices.
    3. Understandable – Information should be clear, and the design should not confuse or overwhelm people.
    4. Robust – Websites should work with a wide range of technologies, including screen readers and other assistive tools.

    BITV 2.0 directs public websites to follow WCAG 2.1 up to level AA. That means your site should offer features like proper color contrast, text alternatives for images, and reliable keyboard navigation. The rules also require documents to be accessible. This can include PDFs that have a logical reading order and forms that let users tab through fields in a sensible way.

    Another important reference is the European Standard EN 301 549. This covers requirements for digital accessibility in Europe. BITV 2.0 makes use of this standard, which lines up with WCAG 2.1 and addresses many aspects of web and software accessibility.

    Key Updates in BITV 2.0

    The updated version of BITV introduced new responsibilities. These updates encourage website owners to provide an accessibility statement on their websites. An accessibility statement shows users the level of compliance and explains any known accessibility issues. It also explains how users can contact the website owner if they face barriers.

    BITV 2.0 expands rules to cover public mobile apps. Many people do daily tasks through apps, such as booking appointments or paying fees. Now, these apps must meet the same standards as websites. This is more pressing for government agencies that deliver digital services in app form.

    Steps to Achieve Compliance

    Achieving compliance with BITV 2.0 starts with learning where your site or app stands. It’s good to begin with an accessibility audit. This audit checks for issues that might stop someone from using your website or app comfortably. You can then prioritize fixes based on how serious each issue is.

    Here are some steps that can guide your process:

    Review Your Current Content

    Test your website for keyboard navigability. Use tools that check color contrast and other visual aspects. Make sure images have meaningful alt text. If you have videos, consider providing captions. This first pass can reveal some of the more obvious problems.

    Check Your PDF and Other Documents

    Many public websites host PDFs and Word files. These documents need to be readable by screen readers. Check for a correct reading order, and ensure form fields are labeled. This helps people who rely on assistive technology.

    Look at Your Mobile Apps

    If you provide a mobile app to serve users, apply similar checks there. This includes ensuring that buttons have clear labels and that each screen is easy to navigate using voice commands or a screen reader.

    Provide an Accessibility Statement

    BITV 2.0 requires that public websites and apps offer a clear statement about their accessibility status. Include contact details for users who need more help or want to report a barrier. Keep this statement updated as you fix any problems.

    Train Your Team

    Compliance is easier when everyone on your team knows how to create accessible content. Encourage developers, designers, and content creators to learn WCAG 2.1 guidelines. That can be done through online courses or official training programs.

    Stay Informed

    Rules and technology change over time. Keeping an eye on updates to WCAG and the European standards helps you remain prepared for any changes in BITV 2.0.

    Why Should US-Based Website Owners Care?

    You might think that a German ordinance doesn’t affect you if your organization is based in the United States. In a global digital world, you never know when a user from Germany will need your service. Some US-based companies also maintain offices in Europe or partner with German government agencies. In those situations, accessibility under BITV 2.0 becomes a core concern.

    Even if you don’t serve a German public sector audience, improving accessibility is a worthy goal. It makes your site easier for everyone to use. It also fits with good user experience practices. Following BITV 2.0 can raise the bar on the overall quality of your site or app.

    Practical Tips for Getting Started

    • Use Automated Tools: Automated scanners can find basic issues fast. They’re not perfect, but they give you a starting point.
    • Set Up User Testing: Invite users with different abilities to test your site. Their experiences can show you issues that software alone might miss.
    • Make Small Changes First: Fixing alt tags on images or improving color contrast is often simple. These quick wins boost morale and help you build momentum.
    • Gather Feedback: Provide a way for visitors to report problems. This keeps you aware of issues and shows that you care about making improvements.

    Moving Forward With BITV 2.0

    BITV 2.0 is about making digital spaces open to everyone in Germany. It’s a structured set of rules that public websites and apps need to follow. If you’re in the United States, you might not think it applies to you at first. But in today’s world, web services cross borders. If your site or app is used by people in Germany, the requirements of BITV 2.0 matter.

    Meeting these standards can feel complex, especially for teams new to accessibility guidelines. The good news is that there are many tools, checklists, and training programs that can guide you. By taking small steps, you’ll move closer to compliance and also create a better experience for all users. Once you understand BITV 2.0 and put it into practice, you’ll be ready to serve a broader audience in Germany—and beyond.

    BITV 2.0: Compliance Without Borders

    BITV 2.0 sets the legal framework for online accessibility in Germany. It focuses on ensuring websites and mobile apps can be used by everyone, including those with disabilities. The law affects public-sector entities, but private organizations with ties to Germany may also need to follow these guidelines. Compliance involves following WCAG 2.1 standards, providing an accessibility statement, and keeping up to date with evolving requirements. If you’re a website owner or content creator in the United States, it makes sense to keep these rules in mind, especially if your reach extends into Germany. Over time, you’ll see that adopting BITV 2.0 guidelines benefits your audience and helps you maintain a user-friendly and accessible online presence.

    Navigating accessibility regulations like BITV 2.0 can be complex, but you don’t have to do it alone. Schedule an ADA briefing with 216digital to discuss your accessibility needs and ensure your website meets international compliance standards. Use the contact form at the bottom of the page to get started today!

    Greg McNeil

    February 25, 2025
    Legal Compliance
    Accessibility, BITV 2.0, Legal compliance, WCAG, WCAG Compliance, Website Accessibility

  • Why Should Websites Prioritize Multimedia Accessibility?

    Today, video and audio have become essential ways to share information. In fact, the average person now watches about 84 minutes of online video each day, and that number continues to grow. Podcasts, livestreams, and short clips fill our feeds, but there’s a critical point many content creators overlook: not everyone experiences multimedia in the same way. For individuals without access to captions, transcripts, or other multimedia accessibility features, valuable information can slip through the cracks.

    Research from Johns Hopkins University shows that 1 in 5 people live with hearing loss that affects everyday communication. Add that to the 21 million with visual impairments and the 65.6 million with learning or attention-related conditions, and you have over 130 million Americans who might struggle with typical video and audio formats. Below, we’ll explore why it’s so important to make your multimedia accessible and share some key steps for doing it right.

    Video and Audio Accessibility

    Multimedia accessibility means designing video and audio content so people with hearing, visual, or cognitive challenges can fully engage. Often, this involves retrofitting existing videos or podcasts to align with guidelines such as the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG). These guidelines outline how to make digital media easy to perceive, operate, and understand for everyone.

    People can encounter many barriers online. Someone who is Deaf or hard of hearing won’t know what’s being said without captions, and a person with low vision may have trouble following on-screen text without audio description. Even individuals with learning differences might find it tough to keep up if the video moves too fast. By addressing these issues, you create a better experience for everyone—whether they have a disability or simply prefer a different way of engaging with content.

    Why Remediating Multimedia Is Essential

    Inclusive User Experience

    Making your videos and audio clips accessible ensures you’re not leaving anyone behind. Features like captions, transcripts, and audio descriptions help people with disabilities, but they also benefit those watching in a noisy coffee shop, people who learn best through reading, or anyone who wants to watch without turning up the volume. Accessibility features often help more users than you’d expect, much like how ramps and elevators benefit parents with strollers and travelers with luggage, not just individuals who use wheelchairs.

    Legal Compliance & Risk Mitigation

    In the United States, laws such as the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and Section 508 require accessible digital content in many situations. Failing to meet these requirements can lead to lawsuits, financial penalties, and damage to your brand’s reputation. It’s far safer—and more ethical—to be proactive about multimedia accessibility rather than risk legal problems down the road.

    SEO and Discoverability

    Making your multimedia content accessible also helps search engines like Google understand what’s in your videos and audio. That’s because search engines can’t watch a video or listen to a podcast the same way humans do—but they can read text. When you add captions, transcripts, and descriptive metadata, your content becomes easier to index, which can boost your search rankings and bring more people to your website.

    Key Multimedia Accessibility Techniques

    Captions and Subtitles

    Captions display the spoken words, plus important sounds (like music or a door slamming) on screen. They can be closed (user can turn them on or off) or open (always displayed). Effective captions must be accurate, in sync with the audio, and easy to read. This is crucial for people who are Deaf or hard of hearing, but it also helps viewers in noisy surroundings or those who find text easier to follow.

    Transcripts

    Transcripts are full text versions of everything said and heard in a video or audio file. They should include key sound effects or music cues as well. Transcripts are especially helpful for people with hearing loss or attention difficulties, but they’re also a big plus for your search engine optimization because they offer a text-based format that Google can index.

    Audio Descriptions

    For viewers with visual impairments, audio descriptions explain important visuals that aren’t covered by dialogue—like a shift in setting or a character’s facial expression. Ideally, these descriptions are inserted during natural pauses in the speech so they don’t interrupt the flow of the content.

    Using an Accessible Video Player

    Even well-captioned videos aren’t truly accessible if the video player itself is hard to navigate. Look for a player that supports keyboard navigation, screen readers, adjustable playback speeds, and independent volume controls for different audio elements.

    Planning Multimedia Accessibility from the Start

    While it’s possible to add accessibility features to existing media, it’s much easier (and less time-consuming) to plan these features from the beginning. Choose platforms that support captions, transcripts, and audio descriptions, and be sure to test your content with real users who rely on assistive technologies.

    Conclusion

    Making your videos and audio content accessible is about ensuring no one is left out. It’s not just good ethics or a legal must-have—it also boosts your SEO, widens your audience, and enhances user satisfaction. By adding captions, transcripts, audio descriptions, and user-friendly video players, you’re creating content that welcomes everyone.

    If you’re ready to take the next step, 216digital can help you make your website’s multimedia content truly inclusive. Contact us today to learn how. Multimedia accessibility is more than just checking a box—it’s about respecting your audience and future-proofing your brand in an increasingly diverse digital world.

    Greg McNeil

    February 24, 2025
    WCAG Compliance
    Accessibility, videos and audio content, WCAG Compliance, Website Accessibility

  • WCAG Basics: “Change of Context” or “Change of Content”

    Have you ever clicked on a text field and suddenly found yourself whisked away to a new page without warning? Or maybe you saw a form error message pop up out of nowhere, but your cursor stayed right where it was? These two situations hint at the difference between a “change of context” and a “change of content.”

    If you’re trying to make your website accessible, it’s important to know which is which because the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) treat them very differently. In this post, we’ll explore both terms, share some real-life examples, and give you tips on how to keep your site friendly and easy to use. By the end, you’ll have a stronger grasp of WCAG best practices and the confidence to apply them to your site.

    Why These Terms Matter

    People who rely on screen readers or keyboard navigation often can’t see or skim an entire page at once. Sudden or unexpected changes—like being redirected to a new tab—can be disorienting for them. That’s why WCAG sets clear rules to help you avoid making people feel lost.

    However, understanding “change of context” and “change of content” also helps with other accessibility concepts. For example, clarifying how your content updates ties right in with “Alternative for Time-based Media” or “Media Alternative for Text“—two other areas covered under WCAG. The more you know about these related topics, the better your site will serve all kinds of users.

    “Change of Context” in Plain Terms

    A “change of context” is a big shift in what a user sees or how they interact with the page. Under WCAG, it can include:

    • Opening a new window or tab without telling the user.
    • Moving the focus to another section of the page unexpectedly.
    • Redesigning the layout in a way that confuses users.

    For example, imagine you click into a text field, and suddenly, your screen shifts to another form altogether. That’s a huge jump! WCAG 3.2.1 (On Focus) says you shouldn’t trigger this kind of shift just because the user’s focus landed on an element. If the user ends up somewhere new, or a new window appears without their Input, you’re dealing with a “change of context.”

    “Change of Content” in Action

    Now, let’s say you click a menu button, and the menu expands without moving your cursor or launching a new page. That’s a “change of content.” You’re still in the same place—you can just see more information. This kind of change is usually okay as long as it doesn’t confuse or mislead.

    WCAG makes the point that not every content update equals a context change. You can display a tooltip, expand a dropdown, or show an inline error message without violating rules. As an example, if you’re filtering products on an eCommerce site and the list of items refreshes while your focus stays put, you’re likely good to go. The user expects new content to appear, so it’s not disorienting.

    When It Becomes an Accessibility Issue

    Mixing up these concepts can cause problems for people who rely on assistive technologies. For instance, if your site changes context every time someone selects a checkbox, they might lose track of where they were. WCAG 3.2.2 (On Input) warns against automatically triggering a big context shift unless you clearly warn the user or let them choose when it happens.

    At higher levels of WCAG (like AAA), 3.2.5 (Change on Request) says that major shifts should happen only when the user deliberately starts them—or they should be easy to dismiss. That means you can’t force a pop-up window to stay on screen with no way to close it. People need control over how they explore your site.

    Status Messages and Alerts

    Some sites show status messages—like “Item added to your cart”—that don’t move focus but do tell assistive tech users what’s happening. That’s allowed under WCAG 4.1.3 (Status Messages) because the screen reader can announce the alert without taking the user away from what they were doing.

    Things get trickier when an alert moves focus to itself. Sometimes, that’s necessary (say, with a big error), and if the user’s action triggers it, it can still meet WCAG standards. But if your site automatically shifts focus to a timeout warning with no user action, that can become a disorienting change of context—especially at the AAA level of WCAG compliance.

    Tips for Making It Work

    Keep People Where They Are

    Unless there’s a solid reason for moving focus or opening a new page, don’t do it. A small update to the same page is usually a “change of content,” which is less disruptive.

    Give Users a Heads-Up

    If you need to make a “change of context,” warn the user first. For example, say, “Selecting this option opens a new window.” This aligns with WCAG recommendations, especially 3.2.2.

    Test with Assistive Tech

    The best way to find out if your site is user-friendly is to try it with screen readers, keyboard-only navigation, or other assistive tools. You’ll quickly spot if something is shifting unexpectedly.

    Use ARIA Properly

    If you have alerts or status messages, use ARIA roles like role= “alert” or aria-live so screen readers can announce them without moving focus. This follows WCAG 4.1.3 guidelines for status updates.

    Think About Your Audience

    Some changes of context, like a security timeout, might be needed. Just remember to give the user control whenever possible.

    Wrapping It Up

    Understanding when something is a “change of context” rather than just a “change of content” is a big part of complying with WCAG. When you keep these definitions clear, you’ll avoid creating barriers that leave users confused and frustrated. It also ties back to important concepts like “Alternative for Time-based Media” and “Media Alternative for Text,” which help make websites more inclusive overall.

    Remember, WCAG doesn’t just set rules—it helps us create better experiences for everyone. If you need extra guidance, 216digital is here to help. We can perform an Accessibility Audit to see where your site stands, offer advice on meeting WCAG success criteria like 3.2.1, 3.2.2, 3.2.5, and 4.1.3, and suggest ways to make your site easier for all. 

    Ready to get started? Schedule a consultation with 216digital today and make sure you’re on the path to a more inclusive, user-friendly website!

    Greg McNeil

    February 20, 2025
    WCAG Compliance
    Accessibility, WCAG, WCAG Compliance, WCAG conformance, Web Accessibility, Website Accessibility

  • WCAG 2.1 and 2.2 Level AA Compliance Checklist

    Making a website that works well for all visitors is very important. Whether people are using a screen reader, a keyboard instead of a mouse, or just browsing on a small phone, they should be able to enjoy your site without trouble. That’s where guidelines like WCAG 2.1 and WCAG 2.2 come into play. They help you figure out how to design and develop your website to be welcoming to everyone. This post will explore why these standards matter and provide a handy checklist to help you meet Level AA compliance.

    What Are WCAG 2.1 and WCAG 2.2?

    WCAG stands for Web Content Accessibility Guidelines. These guidelines are created by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), a group that works to improve the Internet. The goal is to help developers, designers, and website owners make web pages that people of all abilities can use.

    • WCAG 2.1 focuses on areas like mobile accessibility, helping people with low vision, and simplifying things for those with cognitive or learning differences.
    • WCAG 2.2 builds on 2.1, adding more ways to ensure websites are user-friendly across various assistive tools and devices.

    When you aim for Level AA under these guidelines, you cover a wide range of barriers that many people face online. This level is a popular target because it helps most users get a smooth experience while staying realistic in terms of time and cost for website owners.

    Why Accessibility Is Key

    In the United States, many people look for websites they can use easily, even if they have different skills or use different devices. By following WCAG 2.1 and WCAG 2.2, you’re making sure your site can be seen, understood, and operated by everyone who lands on your pages. These guidelines improve the overall usability of your site, which can lead to happier visitors, more return traffic, and a stronger online presence.

    Some people think accessibility features only help those with disabilities, but that isn’t the full story. For example, captions on videos help viewers in noisy places, and clear headings make pages easier to scan for everyone. In other words, these improvements can boost your site’s performance for all visitors, not just a few.

    The Four Principles of WCAG

    Both WCAG 2.1 and WCAG 2.2 focus on four main principles, often known as POUR:

    Perceivable

    People should be able to sense and process the information on your site. This includes making text large enough to read and providing text alternatives for images or audio.

    Operable

    Your site should be easy to interact with. This means visitors can use a keyboard instead of a mouse or stop and pause moving content if they need more time.

    Understandable

    Content should be simple to read and organized in a clear way. Consistent layouts and obvious labels help people find what they’re looking for.

    Robust

    A robust site works well across different devices and assistive technologies. Proper HTML structure and well-labeled elements are examples of ways to keep your site solid and flexible.

    A Checklist for WCAG 2.1 and 2.2 Level AA Compliance

    Below is a practical checklist to guide you. This list is not exhaustive, but it covers many key points to keep in mind when aiming for WCAG 2.2 Level AA.

    1. Perceivable

    1. Text Alternatives for Media
      • Add alt text to images that share important information. This lets screen readers describe images to users who can’t see them.
      • Provide transcripts or captions for audio and video content so people who are deaf or hard of hearing can follow along.
    2. Color Contrast and Text Size
      • Ensure your text stands out against the background. A ratio of at least 4.5:1 is recommended for normal text and 3:1 for larger text.
      • Make sure text can be resized up to 200% without losing functionality or clarity.
    3. Responsive and Flexible Layout
      • Design pages to work well on phones, tablets, and desktop screens.
      • Don’t rely on just color to convey meaning. For example, if you have error messages in red, also include an icon or text label that says “Error.”

    2. Operable

    1. Keyboard Navigation
      • Test your site using only a keyboard. You should be able to reach every link, button, and form field.
      • Make sure there are no “keyboard traps” where you can’t move forward or backward in a form or menu.
    2. Focus Indicators
      • Provide a visible outline or highlight for the element in focus. This helps users see where they are on the page as they tab through it.
    3. Timing and Movement Controls
      • If your site has slideshows, videos, or any moving parts, allow users to pause or stop them. This is especially important for people who need more time to read or interact.
    4. Bypass Blocks
      • Include a “Skip to main content” link so users don’t have to tab through large menus every time.
      • Break your site into clear sections with headings or landmarks.

    3. Understandable

    1. Clear, Simple Language
      • Aim for short sentences and paragraphs. Organize content with headings, bullet points, or numbered lists.
      • Provide definitions or explanations for any unusual terms or abbreviations.
    2. Consistent Navigation
      • Keep your menu and site structure similar across all pages. A consistent layout helps visitors learn and predict where things are.
    3. Helpful Error Messages
      • If a visitor makes an error on a form (like entering an invalid email), explain the problem and how they can fix it.
      • Use clear wording for buttons. For example, instead of “Submit,” try something like “Send Message” if that’s what’s happening.

    4. Robust

    1. Semantic HTML and ARIA
      • Use proper HTML tags like <h1> for main titles and <h2> for subheadings. This helps screen readers and other tools understand your content’s structure.
      • If you have dynamic content like pop-up menus, consider using ARIA (Accessible Rich Internet Applications) labels to clarify these features.
    2. Test with Assistive Tools
      • Try out screen readers like NVDA (Windows) or VoiceOver (Mac) on your site.
      • Check how your site behaves with magnifiers or voice control software.
    3. WCAG 2.2 Highlights
      • Accessible Authentication: Try using a password manager or simpler login methods so you won’t have to memorize codes every time you log in.
      • Target Size: Interactive elements, like buttons and links, should be large enough (at least 24×24 CSS pixels) to tap comfortably. This is especially crucial for mobile devices.
      • Drag-and-Drop Options: If your website uses drag-and-drop features, provide keyboard-friendly ways to do the same task.

    Testing Your Site

    Even if you follow all these guidelines, it’s wise to test your site thoroughly. Here are a few suggestions:

    • Automated Scanners: Tools like WAVE and Lighthouse can point out possible issues and give you quick fixes.
    • Manual Checks: Use your site with a keyboard to see if you can tab through elements correctly. Also, turn off your monitor or close your eyes and see if you can rely solely on a screen reader to navigate.
    • User Feedback: Ask real users to test your site. They can share their experiences and spot issues you might have missed.

    Making Accessibility Part of Your Routine

    Accessibility can feel like a big job at first, but it becomes easier when you build it into your normal process. Start small by fixing one area at a time—maybe improve the color contrast first, then add captions to videos, and so on. As you learn more about WCAG 2.1 and WCAG 2.2, you’ll discover that these changes often benefit everyone who uses your website.

    Regularly updating and testing your site is also a good idea. Technology changes quickly, and new devices and browsers appear all the time. Staying up to date with best practices means your site will remain friendly and easy to use.

    Conclusion

    Following WCAG 2.1 and WCAG 2.2 Level AA guidelines is a great way to make your website more welcoming. This checklist helps you cover the basics—like text alternatives, keyboard navigation, and clear instructions—but it’s just the beginning. As you keep learning and improving, you’ll find more ways to create a site that everyone can navigate and enjoy.

    Whether you’re a small business owner, a blogger, or a large company, making an accessible website helps you connect with more people and makes every visitor feel welcome. Check out these WCAG 2.2 tips and see how they can transform your site into a space everyone can enjoy!

    Greg McNeil

    January 30, 2025
    WCAG Compliance
    Accessibility, WCAG, WCAG 2.1, WCAG 2.2, WCAG Compliance, WCAG conformance, Web Accessibility, Website Accessibility

  • Legal Compliance for Websites: A Guide to Accessibility

    Legal compliance for websites is a key step toward building a welcoming digital space.

    When you create a website, you want as many people as possible to enjoy it. This goal includes users with disabilities who may rely on assistive technology.

    This guide will explain the main laws and guidelines that affect website accessibility. It will also share tips on how to keep your site compliant. By the end, you will have a better grasp of how to protect your business and create a better online experience.

    Why Accessibility Matters

    Accessibility is about making sure that all users, including those with disabilities, can interact with your website. People have different needs. Some use screen readers to hear text read aloud, while others navigate websites by keyboard or voice commands.

    When your website is accessible, you open your doors to a bigger audience. You also reduce legal risks. Many businesses have faced lawsuits for failing to meet these standards. A commitment to legal compliance and accessibility can improve customer trust and brand image.

    Major Accessibility Laws in the United States

    1. Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)

    The ADA is a civil rights law that bans discrimination based on disability in many areas of public life. Though it does not mention websites directly, courts often view online spaces as public places. This means that business websites need to be usable by people with disabilities.

    A growing number of lawsuits focus on ADA website violations.

    Businesses in retail, hospitality, and beyond have faced legal action. By prioritizing legal compliance and following accepted guidelines, you can lower this risk and help more people access your site’s content.

    2. Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act

    Section 508 applies to federal agencies and other organizations that receive federal funding. It requires that electronic and information technology, including websites, be accessible. This standard guides agencies on what to do, and it also helps private businesses learn from these rules.

    If you work with government agencies, Section 508 legal compliance might be required in your contracts. This can impact design choices and the tools you use to develop your website.

    International Regulations

    You may operate in more than one country, or you might have users from around the world. Different regions have their own accessibility laws. A few common examples include:

    • European Accessibility Act (EAA): Covers digital products and services in the European Union.
    • Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act (AODA): Requires organizations in Ontario, Canada, to meet set standards.
    • Australian DDA (Disability Discrimination Act): Digital accessibility is included in its guidelines.

    These laws share a common goal: allowing all people, regardless of ability, to take part in online activities.

    Consequences of Non-Compliance

    Failure to follow these standards can lead to serious problems for your business.

    1. Legal Risks: Lawsuits can be expensive. Defending even one lawsuit can cost tens of thousands of dollars or more, depending on the complexity of the claims.
    2. Reputational Damage: People may avoid businesses that do not serve all users equally. This can lead to negative press or social media criticism.
    3. Lost Opportunities: Many potential customers have disabilities. If they cannot use your website, they will go elsewhere.

    WCAG includes different levels of compliance: A, AA, and AAA. Many legal compliance guidelines suggest aiming for WCAG 2.1 Level AA. This level covers the most common issues without being too restrictive for most businesses.

    The Role of WCAG in Accessibility

    The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG), created by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), are the most widely accepted standards for web accessibility. They are built around four main ideas:

    1. Perceivable: Users must be able to see or hear your content in some form. This includes captions for videos and text alternatives for images.
    2. Operable: Your site’s features must be usable by different input methods, such as a keyboard.
    3. Understandable: Both the content and design should be clear.
    4. Robust: The site should work well with various assistive technologies, like screen readers.

    WCAG includes different levels of compliance: A, AA, and AAA. Many legal guidelines suggest aiming for WCAG 2.1 Level AA. This level covers the most common issues without being too restrictive for most businesses.

    Best Practices to Maintain Legal Compliance

    Run an Accessibility Audit

    Start by checking the current state of your website. Several free and paid tools can evaluate your site’s accessibility. Examples include:

    • WAVE: Highlights problem areas on your pages.
    • Google Lighthouse: Checks performance and accessibility within Google Chrome.

    Automated scans are helpful, but combine them with real user tests if possible.

    Fix Common Barriers

    After your audit, address any problem areas. Common fixes include:

    • Adding alt text to images.
    • Correcting color contrast so the text is easier to read.
    • Ensuring forms and buttons are usable by keyboard navigation.

    If your videos or audio files do not have captions or transcripts, add them.

    Train Your Team

    Everyone who posts content or updates your website should know basic accessibility practices. Teach them how to add alt text, format headings correctly, and keep color contrast in mind. Regular training prevents future mistakes that can harm accessibility.

    Adopt a Clear Design and Layout

    Use consistent headings, simple menus, and clear labels on your forms. This supports users who rely on screen readers or have cognitive challenges. It also creates a more pleasant experience for all users.

    Review and Update Regularly

    Websites change over time. New pages, features, or media can create fresh challenges. Perform routine reviews to catch any new issues. Keep track of updates to WCAG or other legal compliance guidelines.

    Practical Tools to Assist with Accessibility

    • Screen Readers (NVDA, JAWS): Let you hear how your site sounds to a user with visual impairments.
    • Color Contrast Checkers (WebAIM): Show you if your text and background colors meet recommended contrast levels.
    • Keyboard Testing: Move through your site using only a keyboard. Watch for traps or areas where you cannot reach buttons and links.

    These tools help you spot issues quickly. They also help you confirm that your fixes are working as expected.

    Additional Resources

    If you need more guidance, look into these sources:

    • WebAIM (Web Accessibility in Mind): Provides tutorials and articles on creating inclusive websites.
    • The A11Y Project: A community-driven site with accessibility resources, tips, and tools.
    • W3C Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI): The official home of WCAG, plus other technical resources.

    Learning about accessibility is an ongoing process. Changes in technology and updates to the law mean there is always more to discover.

    Moving Forward with an Inclusive Approach

    Making your website accessible isn’t just about legal compliance—it’s about creating a space where everyone feels welcome. By keeping accessibility in mind, you’re not just protecting your business; you’re also showing your customers that you value their experience and needs.

    Accessibility doesn’t have to be overwhelming. Start with small, intentional steps to improve your site and keep building from there. If you’re unsure where to start or want guidance, let us help. Schedule an ADA briefing with 216digital and get practical advice tailored to your business. Together, we can make your website an inclusive and inviting space for all users.

    Greg McNeil

    January 22, 2025
    Legal Compliance
    Accessibility, ADA, EAA, Legal compliance, Section 508, WCAG, WCAG Compliance

  • DOJ’s Push for WCAG Compliance: Are You Ready?

    The Department of Justice (DOJ) is turning up the heat on web accessibility. They’ve made it crystal clear: if you run a business, your website needs to follow the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG). Take Springfield Clinic as an example. This private medical practice was required to make its website, patient portals, and mobile apps meet WCAG 2.1 AA standards. It’s a wake-up call for all businesses—WCAG compliance isn’t just nice to have; it’s a must-have.

    Why Does the DOJ Care About Accessibility?

    The DOJ’s focus comes from the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). Under Title III of the ADA, businesses must make their services available to people with disabilities—this includes websites and apps. In today’s world, many people rely on digital platforms to access healthcare, shopping, and other services. If those platforms aren’t accessible, people with disabilities are left out.

    U.S. v. Springfield Clinic, LLC

    In the Springfield Clinic case, the DOJ found problems that made it hard for people with visual and manual impairments to use the website and patient portals. For example, images had no alternative text, and parts of the site were hard to use with just a keyboard. By demanding WCAG 2.1 AA compliance, the DOJ showed that these guidelines are key to making digital services fair for all.

    As part of their settlement, Springfield Clinic agreed to:

    • Review all their digital platforms (website, patient portals, and mobile apps).
    • Fix major issues right away.
    • Create a long-term plan to stay accessible.
    • Train staff on best practices for web accessibility.

    This case is a clear warning sign. Businesses must act now to avoid legal trouble later.

    What This Means for Businesses

    Springfield Clinic isn’t alone. The DOJ is watching more industries than ever, and WCAG compliance is now seen as a legal requirement. Ignoring it can lead to:

    Legal Trouble

    ADA lawsuits related to web accessibility are increasing year after year. In 2024, over 4,000 lawsuits were filed in federal and state courts, with a staggering 41% of these cases identified as copycat litigation. These lawsuits can cost businesses anywhere from $10,000 to $100,000 or more, depending on the severity of the issues and settlement terms. On top of that, companies may face ongoing costs to monitor and maintain accessibility as part of court agreements. Proactively addressing accessibility issues can help you avoid these legal pitfalls and the stress that comes with them.

    Bad PR

    When businesses are accused of excluding people with disabilities, it can quickly become a public relations nightmare. A 2020 survey found that 73% of consumers are more likely to support brands that are inclusive and accessible. Negative press about inaccessibility can erode trust, leading customers to take their business elsewhere. In the age of social media, even one complaint can go viral, causing long-term damage to your reputation. Prioritizing accessibility shows that your business values inclusivity, which builds loyalty and strengthens your brand image.

    Lost Customers

    Accessibility isn’t just the right thing to do—it’s good for business. According to the CDC, 1 in 4 people in the US live with a disability. That’s a massive market segment that businesses risk excluding when their websites aren’t accessible. Furthermore, the spending power of people with disabilities, along with their families and advocates, is estimated at $13 trillion globally. Beyond the direct financial impact, think about the ripple effect: customers with disabilities are likely to recommend accessible businesses to others. Making your website accessible ensures you’re welcoming everyone to your digital storefront.

    What Is WCAG Compliance?

    WCAG stands for Web Content Accessibility Guidelines. Created by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), these guidelines act as a roadmap for making websites, apps, and other digital platforms accessible to everyone, including people with disabilities. WCAG is widely recognized as the global standard for digital accessibility and is the framework many businesses follow to ensure their websites meet legal requirements and provide inclusive experiences.

    At its core, WCAG is all about removing barriers. It’s designed to help developers and designers create content that works for people with a wide range of disabilities, including visual, auditory, physical, speech, cognitive, and neurological challenges. The goal is to make the web a place where everyone can participate, regardless of their abilities.

    The Four Principles of WCAG (POUR)

    WCAG is built on four key principles:

    • Perceivable: Information and user interface components must be presented in ways that people can perceive. This includes features like alt text for images and captions for videos.
    • Operable: Users must be able to interact with all elements of the site, whether they’re using a mouse, keyboard, or assistive technology like a screen reader.
    • Understandable: Content should be clear and easy to follow. This means avoiding overly complicated text and ensuring navigation is consistent.
    • Robust: Content should be built to work with assistive technologies now and in the future. This ensures that websites adapt as technology evolves.

    Levels of WCAG Compliance

    WCAG compliance is divided into three levels:

    • A: The most basic level of accessibility.
    • AA: The standard most businesses aim for because it addresses the biggest barriers for users.
    • AAA: The highest level of accessibility, though it’s not practical or required for all content.

    By following these guidelines, businesses can make their websites and apps easier to use for everyone while staying compliant with laws like the ADA. It’s not just about avoiding legal trouble—it’s about creating a more inclusive, user-friendly experience for all.

    How to Make Your Website WCAG Compliant

    Taking steps toward accessibility can feel overwhelming, but you can break it down:

    Understand Web Accessibility Guidelines

    The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) are a set of standards designed to make web content more accessible. Familiarize yourself with these guidelines to understand what needs to be done. They cover aspects like text readability, alternative text for images, and keyboard navigation.

    Conduct a Website Audit

    Regularly audit your website for accessibility issues. There are tools available online that can help you identify problems, such as missing alt text for images or issues with color contrast. Consulting with a specialist firm like 216digital to conduct a thorough audit can also be a wise investment.

    Implement Ongoing Training

    Train your staff, especially those involved in website management and content creation, about web accessibility. This helps create a culture of inclusivity and ensures that accessibility remains a priority.

    Stay Informed and Up-to-Date

    Web accessibility standards and best practices can evolve over time. Stay informed about any changes and make updates to your website as necessary to remain compliant.

    Ongoing Monitoring

    WCAG Compliance is not a one-time task with 216digital’s Accessibility Radar (a11y.Radar) service providing ongoing monitoring of your website or app to detect any new accessibility issues that may arise over time. This proactive approach helps prevent potential violations before they lead to costly lawsuits.”

    Wrapping Up

    The DOJ’s focus on WCAG standards is a big deal. The Springfield Clinic case proves that accessibility matters. This isn’t just about avoiding problems. It’s about creating online spaces where everyone can belong.

    Don’t wait. Start working on WCAG compliance today. Protect your business, build your reputation, and make your site better for everyone.

    Need help? Schedule an ADA briefing with 216digital using the contact form below. We’re ready to guide you through the process.

    Greg McNeil

    December 27, 2024
    Legal Compliance
    DOJ, POUR, WCAG, WCAG Compliance, WCAG conformance

  • WCAG Tips Every Content Creator Should Know

    When you’re creating content for the web, accessibility might not always be the first thing on your mind. You’re busy crafting engaging stories, writing catchy headlines, or finding the perfect image. But here’s the deal: ignoring accessibility can limit your audience and potentially land you in legal trouble. That’s where Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) comes in—and yes, it’s easier than you think.

    Let’s break down what WCAG is, why it matters for content creators, and how you can make your content shine for everyone.

    What is WCAG, and Why Should You Care?

    WCAG stands for Web Content Accessibility Guidelines, but don’t let the formal name intimidate you. These guidelines are essentially a roadmap for making websites, apps, and digital content usable for everyone—whether someone has a disability or not. Developed by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), WCAG focuses on four key principles: making content perceivable, operable, understandable, and robust (POUR). Think of it as a checklist to ensure your site is accessible to as many people as possible.

    It’s all about ensuring that everyone, regardless of their abilities, can engage with your website. Sounds important, right? It is.

    And it’s not just for developers! WCAG applies to everyone involved in building a website, including content creators. Accessible content expands your reach, enhances the user experience, boosts your site’s SEO, and helps you avoid potential legal pitfalls. In short, accessibility isn’t a chore—it’s a win-win.

    The Benefits of Accessible Content

    Expand Your Audience Reach

    Did you know that 28.7% of adults in the U.S.—that’s over 61 million people—live with a disability? Globally, this number jumps to over 1 billion people, or 16% of the world’s population. Aligning your content with WCAG opens the door to a massive audience that often faces barriers online. Accessible content ensures these users can interact with your brand just as easily as anyone else.

    Boost SEO

    Accessible content improves your website’s visibility. For example, alternative text for images helps search engines understand your visuals, while properly structured headings and clear navigation improve crawlability. Research shows that websites meeting accessibility standards often rank higher in search engine results, giving you an edge over competitors who overlook these guidelines.

    Enhance User Experience

    Accessibility benefits everyone—not just those with disabilities. A study by Forrester Research found that improving user experience can increase conversion rates by up to 200%. Features like video captions, clear navigation, and legible fonts make it easier for users of all abilities to engage with your content.

    Avoid Legal Risks

    Lawsuits related to digital accessibility are on the rise. In the U.S., 4,605 web accessibility lawsuits were filed under the ADA in 2023—a nearly 13% increase from the previous year. Following WCAG not only protects your brand from potential litigation but also demonstrates your commitment to inclusivity.

    Practical WCAG Tips for Content Creators

    Making your content accessible doesn’t require a complete overhaul. Small, thoughtful changes can make a huge difference. Let’s dive into some practical tips for content creators, with expanded advice to make each step actionable.

    Use Proper Headings

    Headings aren’t just for organizing your thoughts—they’re essential for accessibility. Structured headings (H1, H2, H3, etc.) create a clear hierarchy that helps all users, including those using screen readers, navigate your content easily.

    • Start with a single H1 as the main title of your page.
    • Use H2 for main sections and H3 for subsections. Avoid skipping levels (e.g., going from H1 directly to H3).
    • Write headings that are concise but descriptive. For example, “Tips for Accessible Content” is better than “Tips.”

    Properly structured headings also improve SEO by signaling the importance of your content to search engines.

    Add Alternative Text for Images

    Alternative text (alt text) describes the content of an image for users who can’t see it. This helps screen reader users and also boosts SEO by making your images searchable.

    • Be specific and relevant. Instead of “Picture of a cake,” use “A three-tiered chocolate cake with white icing and red roses.”
    • Avoid saying “Image of” or “Picture of”—screen readers already indicate it’s an image.
    • If an image is decorative and doesn’t convey critical information, use a null alt attribute (alt=" ") so screen readers can skip it.

    Alt text should fit naturally into your content, adding context without overloading users with unnecessary details.

    Color Contrast

    Color contrast is vital for users with visual impairments, such as color blindness or low vision. Text that blends into the background is difficult to read, even for users without disabilities.

    • Use a contrast ratio of at least 4.5:1 for regular text and 3:1 for large text (as per WCAG SC 1.4.3).
    • Avoid using color alone to convey meaning. For instance, instead of relying on red text to indicate an error, include a descriptive message like “Please enter a valid email address.”
    • Test your designs with online contrast checkers to ensure compliance.

    Strong contrast not only aids accessibility but also improves readability and engagement for all users.

    Choose Accessible Fonts

    The typeface you use plays a significant role in how accessible your content is. Some fonts are more legible than others, particularly for users with visual impairments or learning disabilities.

    • Opt for sans-serif fonts like Arial, Verdana, or Tahoma, which are easier to read on screens.
    • Ensure your font size is large enough—typically at least 16px for body text.
    • Avoid excessive italics or decorative fonts that may be hard to read.

    Accessible fonts contribute to a cleaner, more professional appearance that benefits all users.

    Write Descriptive Links

    Vague link text like “Click here” or “Learn more” can be confusing for screen reader users. Instead, use descriptive link text that tells users where the link will take them.

    • Good example: “Read our guide on WCAG compliance for content creators.”
    • Bad example: “Click here.”
    • Ensure links make sense out of context. Some users navigate sites by jumping between links, so each one should provide value on its own.

    Descriptive links also make your content easier to scan and improve your site’s SEO.

    Create Accessible Tables

    Tables are useful for presenting data but can become a nightmare for accessibility if not designed properly.

    • Use headers (<th> tags) for column or row titles. This helps screen readers understand the table structure.
    • Avoid merging cells or using tables for layout purposes—this confuses assistive technologies.
    • Include captions to explain the table’s purpose. For example, “Table showing monthly website traffic for 2023.”

    Accessible tables ensure your data is comprehensible for all users, not just those using traditional browsers.

    Caption Your Videos

    Video captions aren’t just helpful for people who are deaf or hard of hearing—they’re valuable for anyone in a noisy or quiet environment.

    • Include both closed captions (user-controlled) and open captions (always visible).
    • Ensure captions are synced accurately with the dialogue or sounds.
    • For additional accessibility, provide a transcript that includes all spoken words, sound effects, and meaningful visual elements.

    Well-captioned videos increase engagement, improve retention, and align with WCAG guidelines.

    Use Plain Language

    Accessible content isn’t just about design—it’s also about the words you choose. Writing in plain language ensures your content is easy to understand for a broad audience, including users with cognitive disabilities.

    • Break complex ideas into smaller, simpler sentences.
    • Define jargon or technical terms the first time they appear.
    • Use bullet points and lists to organize information clearly.

    Plain language isn’t dumbing down your content; it’s making it more approachable and impactful.

    Monitor Accessibility Regularly

    Creating accessible content isn’t a one-and-done task. Websites are dynamic, with new pages, updates, and features being added constantly. This means your accessibility efforts need regular check-ins to ensure compliance with WCAG standards. Neglecting this can leave you vulnerable to accessibility gaps, which not only alienate users but could also lead to legal risks.

    Thankfully, tools like a11y.Radar make monitoring accessibility easier and more effective. This specialized service continuously scans your site for issues, giving you a clear, actionable picture of your site’s compliance status.

    Final Thoughts

    Accessibility doesn’t have to be overwhelming, and you don’t have to tackle it alone. With WCAG as your guide and the right support, you can create content that reaches more people, performs better in search engines, and provides an exceptional user experience. But ensuring accessibility is more than a one-time effort—it’s an ongoing process.

    That’s where we come in.

    At 216digital, we specialize in making web accessibility simple and actionable for content creators just like you. Whether you’re new to WCAG or need help fine-tuning your content strategy, our ADA briefing is the perfect place to start.

    Schedule your ADA briefing today, and let us show you how to make your content accessible, impactful, and compliant—all while reaching a broader audience and safeguarding your business. Accessibility is an opportunity, and together, we can help you unlock it.

    Greg McNeil

    November 26, 2024
    WCAG Compliance
    Accessibility, Content Creators, Content Writing, SEO, WCAG, WCAG Compliance, Web Accessibility
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