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  • Web Accessibility Overlays: A False Sense of Security

    As a website owner, you likely recognize the growing need to make your site accessible to everyone, including individuals with disabilities. With increased emphasis on ADA compliance, you may have encountered web accessibility overlays—automated tools that offer quick-fix solutions.

    While they might seem like a convenient solution, these overlays can create significant pitfalls that could leave you vulnerable to legal risks and fail to provide true accessibility.

    In this article, we’ll explore why relying on overlays could lead to a false sense of security and why a more comprehensive approach to addressing web accessibility is critical.

    What Are Web Accessibility Overlays?

    Overlays are software solutions that scan websites for barriers and apply superficial fixes with minimal user involvement. Their promise is simple: They claim to help your site meet Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) and ADA standards, making your content more accessible.

    At first glance, overlays seem appealing, with features like adjustable text sizes and color contrast options. However, they fail to deliver a truly inclusive online experience. While some surface level issues can be address, deeper accessibility barriers are frequently ignored or mishandled.

    The Illusion of ADA Compliance

    The biggest misconceptions surrounding web accessibility overlays is that they will guarantee ADA compliance. The harsh reality is that ADA compliance is multifaceted and cannot be achieved through automated fixes alone.

    True web accessibility goes far beyond superficial adjustments. It requires a detailed understanding of the diverse barriers people with disabilities face when interacting with digital content. Overlays, which only focus on cosmetic changes, leave significant gaps in compliance, neglecting critical components of accessibility. Unfortunately, this gives many website owners the false impression that their sites are fully compliant when, in fact, they still fall short in several critical areas.

    Automated Fixes Miss Critical Issues

    While overlays can identify some common accessibility problems, they rely too heavily on automation, often leading to overlooking essential elements.  

    Here are some areas where they typically fall short:

    • Semantic HTML: Using HTML elements correctly ensures that people using screen readers and other assistive technologies can understand your website’s content. Overlays cannot address issues like improper heading structures or missing ARIA labels.
    • Alt Text for Images: Descriptive alt text provides essential context for visually impaired users. Automated tools can only see that they are missing. They cannot interpret the meaning or purpose of the image to generate meaningful descriptions.
    • Keyboard Navigation: Many users are unable to use a mouse, requiring them to navigate a website through the use of a keyboard. To make a website accessible through keyboard navigations corrections must be made on a code level. As discussed above, overlays can only make superficial changes, and cannot make changes directly to the code.

    By relying on these automated solutions, you may inadvertently overlook crucial aspects of web accessibility, leaving your site vulnerable to an ADA lawsuit.

    The False Sense of Security

    The use of web accessibility overlays can foster complacency, leading to a false sense of security. The mere presence of an overlay might make you believe your site is fully accessible, yet significant barriers may still be lurking beneath the surface.

    This illusion is particularly dangerous. If your overlay doesn’t meet full accessibility standards, your website remains non-compliant with the ADA and other state regulations. As a result, businesses that thought they were protecting themselves with an overlay can find themselves in court, dealing with expensive settlements and lasting damage to their reputation.

    In fact, 20% of all accessibility-related lawsuits this year targeted websites using these so-called “accessibility solutions,” and that number continues to grow. Relying solely on overlays not only fails to address critical accessibility issues but also opens the door to legal risks.

    True web accessibility is not a one-time fix; it requires ongoing attention, regular audits, and user feedback. Overlays might provide a band-aid solution, but they can prevent you from developing a genuine commitment to accessibility, which is vital for both compliance and user experience.

    A Human-Centered Approach to Web Accessibility

    To meet the needs of all users and ensure ADA compliance, businesses must adopt a comprehensive, human-centered approach to web accessibility. Here are a few critical steps to achieving this:

    • Understand Web Accessibility Guidelines: WCAG is a set of standards designed to make web content more accessible. Familiarize yourself with these guidelines to understand what needs to be done. They cover aspects like text readability, alternative text for images, and keyboard navigation.
    • Conduct a Website Audit: Regularly audit your website for accessibility issues. There are tools available online that can help you identify problems, such as missing alt text for images or issues with color contrast. Consulting with a specialist firm like 216digital to conduct a thorough audit can also be a wise investment.
    • Engage with Users: Real feedback from individuals with disabilities is invaluable. Understanding their experiences navigating your site will provide critical insights for meaningful improvements.
    • Train Your Team: Train your staff, especially those involved in website management and content creation, about web accessibility principles and best practices. This knowledge is essential to maintaining an accessible online experience over time.
    • Ongoing Monitoring: Compliance is not a one-time task. This proactive approach helps prevent potential violations before they lead to costly lawsuits.

    By prioritizing a human-centered approach, you can create an online environment that truly serves all users rather than settling for a quick-fix solution that only gives the illusion of compliance.

    216digital’s Approach to Web Accessibility

    At 216digital, we understand that genuine web accessibility requires more than just automated tools. Our comprehensive, human-centered approach goes beyond quick fixes to provide long-lasting solutions that focus on risk mitigation and compliance with WCAG 2.1/2.2 AA standards. 

    Through  a11y.Radar, we offer ongoing monitoring, ensuring your website remains compliant and accessible to all users. By emphasizing thorough auditing and remediation services, we help businesses not only meet legal requirements but also tap into the underserved market of individuals with disabilities.

    Our approach is built around long-term accessibility, protecting your business from potential lawsuits and positioning you to serve a broader, more inclusive audience better.

    Conclusion

    Web accessibility overlays may seem like an easy answer, but they often fall short of delivering the accessibility experience your users need and the compliance your business requires. Relying solely on these tools could leave your website open to legal risks and frustrate users with disabilities who still encounter barriers on your site.

    At 216digital, we’re here to help you navigate the complexities of ADA compliance with a human-centered approach. Schedule an ADA briefing with our team today to ensure your website is fully accessible, compliant, and welcoming to every visitor. Don’t settle for quick fixes—invest in meaningful accessibility that makes a real difference.

    Greg McNeil

    October 8, 2024
    Legal Compliance, WCAG Compliance
    ADA Compliance, ADA Lawsuit, Overlay widgets, Overlays, Web Accessibility

  • ADA Compliance vs Web Accessibility: What is the Difference

    As more businesses move online, understanding web accessibility and ADA compliance becomes crucial. These terms are often used interchangeably but represent different aspects of making a website user-friendly for everyone, including individuals with disabilities. Knowing the distinction between web accessibility and ADA compliance can help protect your business from lawsuits while ensuring your site provides an inclusive experience.

    In this article, we’ll examine the definitions of web accessibility and ADA compliance, explore their differences, discuss the legal risks associated with non-compliance, and explain how businesses can proactively address accessibility issues using services like 216digital’s Phase 1 remediation.

    What is Web Accessibility?

    Web accessibility involves designing and developing websites, tools, and technologies to ensure they are usable by people with a wide range of abilities and disabilities. This includes individuals who have visual, auditory, physical, speech, cognitive, or neurological disabilities. The goal of web accessibility is to ensure that everyone, regardless of their disability, can perceive, understand, navigate, and interact with the web.

    Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG)

    The primary standard for web accessibility is the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG), created by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). The latest version, WCAG 2.1, provides a comprehensive set of guidelines aimed at making web content accessible. These guidelines are organized around four core principles, commonly known as POUR:

    • Perceivable: Information and user interface components must be presented in ways that all users can perceive.
    • Operable: User interface components and navigation must be operable for everyone, including those using assistive technologies like screen readers.
    • Understandable: Information and the operation of the user interface must be understandable.
    • Robust: Content must be strong enough to work with a wide range of technologies, including those used by people with disabilities.

    While WCAG provides the framework for web accessibility, compliance with it is generally voluntary unless law or legal action requires otherwise.

    What is ADA Compliance?

    ADA compliance refers to meeting the requirements set forth by the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), which was enacted in 1990. The ADA mandates that businesses, public services, and other organizations provide equal access to individuals with disabilities. Although the ADA was passed before the internet became mainstream, courts have increasingly ruled that websites are considered public accommodation places, meaning they must be accessible to people with disabilities.

    ADA compliance, specifically in the context of websites, refers to whether your site meets the legal requirements of the ADA as interpreted by courts and the Department of Justice (DOJ). No official legal mandate states that WCAG 2.1 must be followed to achieve ADA compliance, but it is widely accepted that adhering to WCAG is the best way to meet ADA requirements.

    How Does It Differ From Web Accessibility?

    • Web accessibility is the broader concept of ensuring that people of all abilities can use websites.
    • ADA compliance is a legal requirement for businesses in the U.S. to provide equal access to individuals with disabilities, which includes making websites accessible.

    Web accessibility is a best practice, while ADA compliance is a legal standard. Following web accessibility guidelines, like WCAG 2.1, helps businesses meet the requirements of ADA compliance, but the two terms are not identical.

    Is It Possible to Achieve and Maintain Full WCAG 2.1 Compliance?

    Yes, but it’s not always easy, especially for bigger, more complex websites. WCAG 2.1 covers a lot of areas—like how text shows up, how media is handled, how forms work, and more. As technology and user needs evolve, keeping up with compliance is an ongoing effort. Regular testing, monitoring, and updates are needed to ensure the site meets the latest accessibility standards.

    If you’re worried about protecting yourself from ADA lawsuits, aiming for full WCAG 2.1 compliance is a smart move. It can help reduce your legal risks, but it is only legally required in some cases. Courts have ruled in favor of plaintiffs in ADA lawsuits when websites were not accessible, even if they didn’t meet every single WCAG criterion.

    Does Your Website Need to Be Fully Web Accessible to Protect Your Business?

    To protect your business from ADA compliance lawsuits, it’s crucial to address the most common accessibility barriers, even if full WCAG 2.1 compliance is not achieved. Many companies focus on making the most essential parts of their website accessible, such as navigation, forms, and checkout processes. This approach can reduce the risk of a lawsuit while allowing businesses to improve their site’s accessibility gradually.

    It’s also worth noting that courts have yet to require businesses to meet every WCAG 2.1 guideline to comply with the ADA. However, companies that demonstrate they are actively working to make their sites more accessible—by following best practices and improving critical accessibility issues—are generally better positioned to defend against lawsuits.

    The Risk of ADA Compliance Lawsuits

    ADA compliance lawsuits have skyrocketed in recent years, especially against businesses with inaccessible websites. These lawsuits can be costly, both in terms of financial settlements and reputational damage. Predatory law firms have begun targeting businesses—tiny and mid-sized companies—that have websites with accessibility issues. These firms often file “copycat” lawsuits, sometimes targeting hundreds of companies with nearly identical complaints.

    The financial risk is real. Businesses are often forced to settle the lawsuit or pay legal fees, which can run into tens or even hundreds of thousands of dollars. In addition, businesses may also have to invest in website remediation services to fix accessibility issues.

    How Predatory Law Firms Target Websites

    Predatory law firms often conduct automated scans of websites to identify accessibility violations, such as missing alt text, poor contrast ratios, or non-functional navigation for keyboard-only users. Once they identify these issues, they send demand letters or file lawsuits, typically hoping that the business will settle quickly to avoid costly litigation.

    Unfortunately, even well-meaning businesses that are working on improving accessibility can be targeted. This is why it’s essential to address website accessibility proactively rather than waiting for a lawsuit to happen.

    Is Full WCAG 2.1 Compliance Required to Mitigate Lawsuits?

    While full WCAG 2.1 compliance is not explicitly required to avoid lawsuits, businesses should aim to make their websites as accessible as possible. The more barriers that are removed, the less likely it is that a website will be the target of a lawsuit.

    In most cases, addressing key accessibility issues—such as ensuring all images have alt text, providing video captions, and making the site navigable by keyboard—will significantly reduce the risk of a lawsuit.

    Protect Your Business with 216digital

    To help businesses avoid the pitfalls of non-compliance, 216digital offers Phase 1 remediation services designed to address the most critical accessibility issues quickly. These services focus on mitigating the risk of ADA lawsuits by resolving common accessibility barriers that predatory law firms often target. By implementing these initial fixes, businesses can start protecting themselves while working toward broader web accessibility goals.

    In addition to Phase 1 remediation, 216digital offers ongoing monitoring and testing services to ensure your site remains accessible over time. With a proactive approach, businesses can avoid costly lawsuits and provide a better user experience for all visitors.

    Ready to Make Your Website ADA Compliant?

    As the digital landscape continues to evolve, ensuring your website is both accessible and ADA-compliant is more important than ever. While full WCAG 2.1 compliance may not always be required, addressing key accessibility issues can significantly reduce your risk of lawsuits and enhance the user experience for all visitors.

    Take the next step toward protecting your business and making your website more inclusive. Schedule a personalized ADA compliance briefing with 216digital today. Our team can guide you through Phase 1 remediation and ongoing strategies to keep your site accessible and compliant. 

    Greg McNeil

    October 3, 2024
    Legal Compliance, WCAG Compliance
    Accessibility, ADA Compliance, ADA Website Compliance, WCAG, WCAG Compliance, Website Accessibility

  • Accessibility Remediation: Definitions & Guidelines

    When you’re getting started with digital accessibility, it’s easy to feel overwhelmed by all the technical jargon to wrap your head around. However, getting familiar with these key concepts is the first step toward making your website more accessible for everyone to use. In this guide, we’ll break down some of the most important terms you’ll come across in accessibility remediation. Whether it’s ensuring your site works well with keyboard navigation or understanding how assistive technologies come into play, we’ve got you covered. This quick rundown will help you get comfortable with the basics and take meaningful steps toward a more accessible site.

    Key Terminology in Accessibility Remediation

    When it comes to making your website accessible, there are a few key terms you’ll want to get familiar with. Here’s a quick breakdown of the essential terms you’ll encounter as you work to ensure your site is welcoming and usable for everyone.

    Usability

    Usability is all about how easy it is for people to navigate and interact with your website. The goal is to make sure that no one—regardless of their abilities—struggles to find what they’re looking for or complete tasks. It’s not just about making things functional, but about making them simple, intuitive, and frustration-free for all users.

    Remediation

    Remediation is just a fancy way of saying “fixing accessibility issues.” These are problems uncovered during an audit or assessment. This could mean tweaking your code, updating content, or adding features to make your site easier for people with disabilities. The idea is to go beyond patching things up and ensure your site works smoothly in the long run.

    Compliance

    Compliance refers to meeting specific legal guidelines and standards, like the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) or the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG). Following these rules isn’t just about staying out of legal trouble—it’s about making sure your site is usable by people with disabilities. By staying compliant, you protect your business and ensure an inclusive online space.

    Auditing

    An accessibility audit is a deep dive into your website to identify any barriers that might prevent people with disabilities from using it fully. These barriers can range from missing image descriptions to confusing layouts. Auditing is the first step in figuring out what needs to be fixed, giving you a clear roadmap to improving your site’s accessibility.

    User Testing

    User testing is a hands-on way to see how real people—especially those with disabilities—interact with your website. While automated tools can catch some issues, real users can point out things machines might miss, like tricky navigation or features that don’t work well with assistive technologies. It’s like getting an inside scoop on how to make your site better for everyone.

    Assistive Technologies

    Assistive technologies are tools that help people with disabilities use the web. These include screen readers, voice control software, and alternative keyboards. Knowing how your site interacts with these tools is key to ensuring that all users can access your content.

    Screen Reader

    A screen reader is software that converts the text on a website into spoken words, allowing visually impaired users to “hear” the content. It’s a vital tool for those who can’t see the screen, helping them access everything from written text to image descriptions.

    Keyboard Navigation

    Not everyone uses a mouse to browse a website—many people rely on their keyboard to move through a site. That’s why it’s crucial to make sure that all site functions can be accessed using keyboard shortcuts. This includes things like filling out forms, clicking buttons, and navigating menus without needing a mouse.

    Alternative Content

    Alternative content refers to substitutes for visual or interactive elements that some users can’t access. For example, adding descriptive text (alt text) for images helps visually impaired users understand what’s in the picture. It’s not just about including something—it’s about making sure the alternative content adds value for those who need it.

    Accessibility Overlay

    An accessibility overlay is a quick-fix tool that can be added to your site to address specific accessibility problems. While it might provide some immediate help, it often doesn’t get to the root of the issues. True accessibility needs to be built into your site’s design and code rather than relying on these temporary fixes.

    Accessibility Monitoring

    Digital accessibility isn’t something you do once and forget about—it’s an ongoing effort. Monitoring means regularly checking your site to ensure it continues to meet accessibility standards as you make updates or add new content. This way, you can catch any new issues early and make sure your site stays user-friendly for everyone over time.

    Compliance Standards and Laws

    When it comes to making sure your website is both accessible and legally compliant, there are a few essential standards and laws you need to be aware of. Understanding these helps you avoid potential legal issues and ensures your site is inclusive.

    W3C (World Wide Web Consortium)

    The W3C is the leading organization that sets the rules and standards for how the web functions. They’re responsible for creating protocols that guide the future of the web, and one of their most important contributions is the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG). These guidelines are the go-to standards for digital accessibility, ensuring that online content is usable for people of all abilities.

    Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG)

    WCAG is a comprehensive set of recommendations to make web content more accessible to everyone, especially people with disabilities. These guidelines are built around four main principles—Perceivable, Operable, Understandable, and Robust (often called POUR).

    In short, these principles ensure that all users can perceive and interact with content, understand how to use the site and that the content works reliably across different technologies and platforms. Following WCAG isn’t just good practice—it’s often a legal requirement.

    Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)

    The ADA is a prominent civil rights law in the U.S. that protects people with disabilities from discrimination in various areas of life, including employment, public services, and, now, digital spaces. While the ADA doesn’t specifically mention websites, courts have increasingly ruled that digital accessibility falls under its umbrella. This means your website must be accessible, or you could be at risk of legal action for not complying with the ADA.

    Section 508

    Section 508 is a law that specifically applies to federal agencies and any organization working with them. It requires that all electronic and information technology, including websites, be accessible to people with disabilities. The good news is that Section 508 closely aligns with the WCAG standards, so if you’re following WCAG, you’re likely on the right track for Section 508 compliance, too.

    IDEA (Individuals with Disabilities Education Act)

    IDEA ensures that students with disabilities receive a free and appropriate education, and in today’s world, that includes access to digital learning materials. Whether it’s a website, software, or other digital resource used in schools, it must be accessible to all students, including those with disabilities. If you’re involved in the education sector, this law is critical for ensuring digital accessibility in the classroom.

    Accommodation Approaches

    Making digital content accessible takes a variety of approaches. Here are some essential methods to ensure your website can be used by everyone, regardless of their abilities.

    Alt Text

    Alt text, or alternative text, is a short description you add to images on your website. This ensures that people using screen readers can understand what the image is showing, even if they can’t see it. Alt text is essential for making visual content accessible to everyone.

    Captions and Closed Captioning

    Captions provide a text alternative for the spoken content in videos, which is helpful for people who are deaf or hard of hearing. Closed captions take it a step further, including descriptions of non-verbal sounds like music or laughter, so users get the full experience of the video.

    Video Description

    Video descriptions offer a spoken narration of the visual elements in a video. This allows visually impaired users to understand what’s happening on screen, beyond just the dialogue, by hearing descriptions of actions, settings, or critical visual cues.

    Color Contrast

    Good color contrast between text and its background makes it easier to read, especially for people with visual impairments or color blindness. By ensuring your site has good contrast, you improve readability and make sure that everyone can engage with your content.

    Headings and Landmarks

    Using proper headings and landmarks on your website helps users navigate more easily, especially those relying on screen readers. These tools allow users to quickly jump between sections or locate specific content without having to scroll through the entire page.

    Text-to-Speech

    Text-to-speech technology can convert written text into spoken words, offering another way for users to access content. This is especially helpful for users with learning disabilities, visual impairments, or even those who prefer listening over reading.

    Inclusive Design

    Inclusive design means thinking about a wide range of user needs from the very beginning of the design process. By considering accessibility from the start, you can build a website that works for as many people as possible, without needing to retrofit fixes later.

    Text Resize and Screen Magnification

    Some users need to increase text size or zoom in on parts of your website to see them clearly. By allowing for easy text resizing and screen magnification, you’re giving users with visual impairments more control over how they view your content.

    Why Accessibility Remediation is Critical

    Accessibility remediation isn’t just about checking boxes for legal compliance—it’s about creating an inclusive, user-friendly digital space that welcomes everyone. Let’s dive into why making your website accessible is so important:

    1. Inclusivity

    At its core, digital accessibility is about inclusivity. Making sure your website is accessible means that people of all abilities can engage with your content, products, or services. This enhances the user experience for everyone, whether they have a disability or not. When your site is easy to use and navigate, you’re creating a welcoming space where everyone can participate equally in the digital world.

    2. Legal Protection

    Compliance with accessibility standards like WCAG and laws like the ADA isn’t optional—it’s a legal requirement. Failing to meet these standards can result in lawsuits, hefty fines, and serious damage to your brand’s reputation.

    3. Improved SEO

    Here’s a bonus: many of the same practices that make your site accessible also happen to be great for SEO. For example, providing descriptive alt text for images not only helps visually impaired users but also helps search engines better understand your content. Structured content, clear headings, and easy navigation improve both accessibility and your search rankings. In short, making your site accessible can help you get noticed by more users—including search engines.

    4. Market Reach

    By ensuring your site is accessible, you’re opening your business up to a much larger audience. About 16% of the global population lives with some form of disability, and when your site is accessible, you’re making sure they can engage with your brand. This isn’t just a moral win—it’s good for business. More accessibility means more customers, which can directly lead to a boost in your customer base and your bottom line.

    Take the First Step Toward Accessibility

    Now that you’re more familiar with the key terms and concepts behind accessibility remediation, you’re in a great position to start making meaningful changes to your website. From ensuring proper keyboard navigation to creating alt text for images, every step you take improves the experience for users of all abilities—and keeps you on the right side of compliance.

    But you don’t have to tackle this alone. At 216digital, we specialize in helping businesses create accessible websites that meet legal standards and enhance user engagement and reach. If you’re ready to make your site more inclusive and avoid potential legal risks, we’re here to guide you through the process.

    Schedule a complimentary ADA strategy briefing with our team today. Together, we’ll map out a plan tailored to your business, helping you integrate WCAG 2.1 compliance into your development roadmap. Let’s start creating a digital space that welcomes everyone and sets your business up for long-term success.

    Greg McNeil

    September 26, 2024
    Legal Compliance, Testing & Remediation, WCAG Compliance, Web Accessibility Training
    accessibility Definitions & Guidelines, Accessibility Remediation, ADA Compliance, Web Accessibility Remediation, Website Accessibility

  • Common Web Accessibility Pitfalls That Invite ADA Lawsuits

    The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) requires businesses to make their websites accessible to everyone, including people with disabilities. When websites fail to meet accessibility standards, they risk facing lawsuits. In recent years, ADA lawsuits related to digital accessibility have surged, with businesses large and small getting sued for non-compliance. But what exactly are the most common issues that lead to these lawsuits?

    This article will highlight the most common web accessibility barriers that lead to ADA lawsuits and provide real-world examples of lawsuits related to these issues. 

    1. Missing Alt Text

    Alt text, or alternative text, provides a written description of an image on a webpage. Screen readers, which visually impaired users use to navigate the internet, read this description aloud.Without alt text, users with visual impairments have no way of knowing what an image represents.

    For example, if a website has an image of a product for sale, the alt text might say, “Red shoe, size 8.” Without this text, screen reader users won’t know what the image shows, making it difficult to interact with the website.

    Missing or incorrect alt text is one of the most common reasons for ADA lawsuits. Many businesses overlook this small but important step, leaving essential images without descriptions.

    WCAG 2.1 Guideline: 1.1.1 – Non-text Content

    All non-text content, such as images, must have a text alternative that serves the same purpose.

    Example ADA Lawsuit: Fox News Network LLC

    Fox News Network LLC was sued because its website didn’t provide proper alt text for many images. Luc Burbon, a visually impaired user, relied on screen readers to browse the internet. When trying to navigate Fox News’ website, he encountered images without alt text, leaving him unable to understand key content. The court agreed with Burbon, emphasizing that websites must be accessible to everyone, including people with disabilities.

    2. Non-Descriptive Interactive Elements

    Interactive elements, like buttons and links, are crucial for navigating a website. However, if these elements aren’t appropriately labeled, users who rely on screen readers won’t know what a button or link does. This leads to confusion, frustration, and can make essential parts of the website inaccessible to users with disabilities.

    For example, a button labeled “Click Here” without explaining what it does will leave screen reader users guessing, especially if there’s more than one on a page. Adding contextually relevant content to the visual or accessible label, such as “Click here to learn more about our coffee” will differentiate the element while also giving users additional context.

    WCAG 2.1 Guideline: 4.1.2 – Name, Role, Value

    Interactive elements should have clear labels that explain their purpose.

    Example ADA Lawsuit: NIKE, Inc.

    Maria Mendizabal filed a class-action lawsuit against Nike, claiming that the website had many links that were either redundant or completely empty. Users with visual impairments couldn’t understand the purpose of these links, making it challenging to navigate the site. This lawsuit demonstrates the importance of appropriately labeling interactive elements so everyone can understand them.

    3. Lack of Keyboard Navigation

    Many users with disabilities rely on keyboards to navigate websites, especially those who can’t use a mouse. If a website doesn’t allow for keyboard-only navigation, or if drop-down menus can’t be accessed with a keyboard, it becomes unusable for people with mobility impairments.

    For example, if a menu only opens when hovered over with a mouse, someone using only a keyboard won’t be able to open it, blocking their access to critical sections of the site.

    WCAG 2.1 Guideline: 2.1.1 – Keyboard

    All functionality should be accessible using a keyboard.

    Example ADA Lawsuit: Parkwood Entertainment LLC

    In 2019, a lawsuit accused Parkwood Entertainment because Beyoncé’s official website, Beyonce.com, did not provide accessibility for users relying on screen readers.. Mary Conner, the visually impaired plaintiff, couldn’t navigate the drop-down menus using her keyboard. This prevented her from accessing important content and services, leading to a lawsuit.

    4. Inaccessible Forms

    Forms are commonly used on websites—for everything from signing up for newsletters to making purchases. However, forms that are difficult for people with disabilities to fill out can create barriers. Missing labels on form fields, unclear error messages, or forms that don’t work with keyboard navigation are common accessibility issues that lead to lawsuits.

    For instance, if a form field asks for a phone number but doesn’t have a proper label, a screen reader user won’t know what to enter. Or, if an error message isn’t clear about what went wrong, visually impaired users won’t be able to correct their mistakes.

    WCAG 2.1 Guideline: 3.3.2 – Labels or Instructions

    Ensure input fields have proper labels and instructions so users know what information is required.

    Example ADA Lawsuit: H&R Block Lawsuit

    A notable example of this issue is the lawsuit involving the National Federation of the Blind and H&R Block. In this case, visually impaired users discovered that H&R Block’s website did not correctly label the forms. When these users tried to input their contact information or create an account, they struggled because the screen readers failed to indicate what information they needed or where to enter it.

    5.  Inaccessible Pop-Ups and Modals

    Pop-ups and modals (dialog boxes that appear on top of a page) are common features on websites for everything from newsletter sign-ups to product promotions. However, if they are not designed with accessibility in mind, they can disrupt the user’s experience.

    Pop-ups cause confusion if they appear without warning or if users can’t close them using a keyboard. Users relying on screen readers or assistive devices may not even know that a pop-up has appeared, making it impossible for them to continue interacting with the page.

    WCAG 2.1 Guideline: 1.3.1 – Info and Relationships

    When new content, like a pop-up, appears on the screen, announce it to the user and explain how it connects to the rest of the website.

    Example ADA Lawsuit: Five Guys Enterprises

    In a lawsuit against Five Guys, a visually impaired customer couldn’t complete an online order because an inaccessible pop-up appeared when trying to add fries to her cart. Her screen reader didn’t recognize the pop-up, making it impossible for her to finish the purchase. This case highlights the importance of making pop-ups accessible to everyone.

    How to Avoid ADA Lawsuits

    Avoiding ADA lawsuits starts with a proactive approach to web accessibility. Making your website accessible is not only a legal obligation but also an opportunity to provide a better user experience for all visitors, regardless of ability. Here are key steps you can take to avoid common accessibility pitfalls:

    1. Understand Web Accessibility Guidelines: The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) are a set of standards designed to make web content more accessible. Familiarize yourself with these guidelines to understand what needs to be done. They cover aspects like text readability, alternative text for images, and keyboard navigation.
    2. Conduct a Website Audit: Regularly audit your website for accessibility issues. There are tools available online that can help you identify problems, such as missing alt text for images or issues with color contrast. Consulting with a specialist firm like 216digital to conduct a thorough audit can also be a wise investment.
    3. Implement Ongoing Training: Train your staff, especially those involved in website management and content creation, about web accessibility. This helps create a culture of inclusivity and ensures that accessibility remains a priority.
    4. Stay Informed and Up-to-Date: Web accessibility standards and best practices can evolve over time. Stay iCompliance is not a one-time task. 216digital’s a11y.Radar service provides ongoing monitoring. It detects any new accessibility issues that may arise over time. This proactive approach helps prevent potential violations before they lead to costly lawsuits.”

    Conclusion

    Making sure your website is ADA-compliant is not just about avoiding lawsuits—it’s about ensuring that everyone, no matter their abilities, can access and enjoy your content. With the rise in ADA lawsuits, it’s more important than ever to take a proactive approach to web accessibility. Whether it’s fixing missing alt text or ensuring keyboard navigation, addressing these common issues can save your business time and money in the long run.

    If you’re unsure where to start or need help maintaining compliance, 216digital is here to help. Through our years of experience analyzing these cases, we understand how ADA non-compliance lawsuit firms identify their targets. We can help you protect your business from these risks. At 216digital, we will develop a strategy to integrate WCAG 2.1 compliance into your development roadmap. This will allow you to focus on other tasks on your to-do list.

    So don’t wait any longer; find out where you stand by scheduling a complementary ADA strategy briefing today.

    Greg McNeil

    September 25, 2024
    Legal Compliance, WCAG Compliance
    Accessibility, ADA Compliance, ADA Lawsuit, ADA Website Compliance, digital accessibility, WCAG, WCAG Compliance, Web Accessibility
  • Does WCAG Apply to Mobile Apps?

    Does WCAG Apply to Mobile Apps?

    If you’re a website owner or app developer, you’ve probably heard about WCAG (Web Content Accessibility Guidelines). But when it comes to mobile apps, you might wonder: Does WCAG apply here too? The short answer is yes! WCAG isn’t just for websites—it extends to mobile apps as well. Let’s dive into why WCAG is important for mobile apps, what it means for accessibility, and how to ensure your app meets these guidelines.

    What is WCAG, and Why Does it Matter?

    WCAG, developed by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), provides guidelines to make web content more accessible for everyone, particularly people with disabilities. These guidelines help ensure that users with visual, auditory, motor, or cognitive impairments can interact with websites—and, as it turns out, mobile apps—with ease.

    When WCAG was first introduced, it focused on websites, but as technology evolved, so did our understanding of accessibility. With the rise of mobile apps, it’s clear that WCAG also applies to them. Whether you’re building an e-commerce app, a social media platform, or a mobile version of your website, adhering to WCAG is crucial for staying compliant with accessibility standards and avoiding legal issues.

    Does WCAG Apply to Mobile Apps?

    Yes, WCAG applies to mobile apps. While WCAG wasn’t initially designed with mobile apps in mind, its principles are just as relevant in the mobile space. The guidelines are technology-agnostic, meaning they can be applied to any digital content, including mobile apps.

    Mobile apps, like websites, must be accessible to everyone, and the same types of barriers that exist on websites—like unreadable text, poor color contrast, or unclear navigation—can also affect mobile apps. That’s why WCAG compliance is essential for mobile app development. Not only does it help create a better user experience for people with disabilities, but it also ensures that your app is legally compliant.

    The Growing Importance of Mobile Accessibility

    Mobile devices have become an essential part of our daily lives, with more people accessing information and services via apps than ever before. This makes it even more important to ensure that mobile apps are accessible. In fact, a significant portion of users rely on mobile devices as their primary way of accessing the internet, including people with disabilities. Ensuring your app meets accessibility standards isn’t just good practice; it’s a way to reach a broader audience.

    Failing to consider accessibility in mobile apps can result in lost users, bad reviews, and even legal consequences. There have been several lawsuits filed in the U.S. where businesses were held accountable for not providing accessible mobile experiences. By following WCAG, you reduce the risk of these issues and open your app to a more diverse audience.

    How WCAG Applies to Mobile Apps

    WCAG guidelines revolve around four core principles: Perceivable, Operable, Understandable, and Robust (often abbreviated as POUR). These principles are crucial when designing both websites and mobile apps.

    1. Perceivable: Information and user interface components must be presented in ways that users can perceive. For mobile apps, this means ensuring that text is readable, images are described through alt text, and media elements are captioned or have transcripts available.
    2. Operable: Users must be able to interact with all interface elements using various input methods, such as screen readers or voice commands. In mobile apps, this could include ensuring that buttons are large enough to be tapped easily and that the app works with assistive technologies like voice control or switch access.
    3. Understandable: The interface must be easy to understand and navigate. This is especially important for mobile apps, where the small screen size can make navigation more difficult. Make sure that users can easily understand how to use your app, with clear instructions and intuitive design elements.
    4. Robust: The app must be compatible with current and future technologies. This includes ensuring that your app works well across different devices, platforms, and with assistive technologies.

    Mobile App Accessibility Checklist

    Now that we’ve established that WCAG does apply to mobile apps, how do you ensure that your app is compliant? Here’s a mobile app accessibility checklist to get you started:

    Text and Readability

    1. Text Resizing: Make sure your text can get bigger without messing up the layout. This is part of WCAG 1.4.4 (Resize Text), which means users should be able to increase text size up to 200% without losing content or functionality.
    2. High Contrast: Use colors that are easy to read against each other, like dark text on a light background. This helps everyone, including those with vision problems. WCAG 1.4.3 (Contrast Ratio) suggests a contrast ratio of at least 4.5:1 for normal text and 3:1 for larger text.
    3. Alternative Text: Always include a description for images, icons, and buttons. This helps screen readers explain what’s on the screen to people who can’t see the images. This follows WCAG 1.1.1 (Non-Text Content).

    Keyboard and Assistive Technology Compatibility

    1. Keyboard Accessibility: Make sure all parts of your app can be used with just a keyboard. This is covered by WCAG 2.1.1 (Keyboard), ensuring that users who can’t use a mouse can still navigate your app.
    2. Assistive Technology: Check that your app works well with tools like screen readers, voice controls, and switches. This is important for WCAG 4.1.2 (Name, Role, Value), which ensures that assistive technologies can interpret user interface elements.
    3. Screen Reader Testing: Test your app with popular screen readers like VoiceOver (for iPhones) and TalkBack (for Android phones) to make sure they work well together.

    Navigation and Interaction

    1. Consistent Navigation: Keep navigation easy and the same across different screens. This is part of WCAG 3.2.3 (Consistent Navigation), which helps users get around without getting lost.
    2. Touch Targets: Make sure buttons and icons are big enough for everyone to tap easily. WCAG 2.5.5 (Target Size) recommends making touch targets at least 44×44 pixels.
    3. Simple Gestures: Avoid using complex gestures like multi-finger swipes without offering simpler options. WCAG 2.5.1 (Pointer Gestures) suggests providing alternatives for complex gestures.

    Audio and Video Content

    1. Captions: Add captions to all your videos so people who can’t hear well can still understand what’s being said. This is part of WCAG 1.2.2 (Captions (Pre-recorded)).
    2. Transcripts: Include transcripts for audio content and podcasts. This is a text version of the audio that helps people who are deaf or hard of hearing, covered by WCAG 1.2.1 (Audio-only and Video-only (Prerecorded)).
    3. Playback Controls: Let users control the audio playback, including volume and speed, and make sure they can pause or stop it. This aligns with WCAG 1.4.2 (Audio Control).

    Color and Contrast

    1. Color Contrast: Ensure there’s a strong contrast between text and background colors to help users with color blindness or vision problems. Aim for a contrast ratio of at least 4.5:1 for regular text and 3:1 for large text, as recommended by WCAG 1.4.3 (Contrast Ratio).
    2. Avoid Color Alone: Don’t use color as the only way to show important info. For example, if you use red to highlight an error, also include text to explain it. This follows WCAG 1.4.1 (Use of Color).

    Error Identification and Recovery

    1. Error Highlighting: Clearly show when something goes wrong, like a missing form field, and give tips on how to fix it. This is part of WCAG 3.3.1 (Error Identification) and 3.3.3 (Error Suggestion).
    2. Clear Error Messages: Make sure error messages are easy to understand, not full of technical jargon. This helps users fix mistakes, as outlined in WCAG 3.3.3 (Error Suggestion).
    3. Easy Recovery: Allow users to fix mistakes without starting over. For example, let them undo actions or correct errors easily. This is covered by WCAG 3.3.4 (Error Prevention (Legal, Financial, Data)).

    Test with Real Users

    1. User Testing: Even if you follow all the WCAG guidelines, it’s crucial to test your app with real users who use assistive technologies. Their feedback is invaluable for ensuring your app is truly accessible.
    2. Keep Improving: Use feedback from user testing to make your app better. Keep updating and checking your app to make sure it stays accessible as you add new features.

    The Benefits of Accessible Mobile Apps

    Making your mobile app accessible is not just about complying with regulations—it’s about providing a better user experience for everyone. Here are some key benefits:

    • Wider Audience: Accessible apps reach a broader audience, including users with disabilities who may not be able to use apps that don’t meet WCAG guidelines.
    • Improved Usability: Many accessibility improvements, like clearer navigation and larger touch targets, make your app easier to use for all users, not just those with disabilities.
    • Avoiding Legal Risk: Compliance with WCAG helps you stay on the right side of web compliance laws, reducing the risk of lawsuits related to accessibility.
    • Better Reputation: Being proactive about accessibility can enhance your brand’s reputation and show your commitment to inclusivity.

    Final Thoughts

    In the digital age, mobile apps are a key part of how we interact with the world, and making sure they’re accessible is crucial for providing an inclusive experience. WCAG does apply to mobile apps, and by following the guidelines, you can create apps that are usable by everyone, regardless of their abilities. Whether you’re just starting out or you’re improving an existing app, using the mobile app accessibility checklist can help ensure that your app is WCAG-compliant and ready to serve all users.

    Remember, accessibility isn’t just about following the law—it’s about doing the right thing for your users and your business. To learn more about becoming accessible and staying compliant, schedule an ADA briefing with 216digital today. We’re here to help you take the next steps!

    Greg McNeil

    August 27, 2024
    WCAG Compliance
    digital accessibility, mobile apps, WCAG, WCAG Compliance, Web Accessibility
  • Insights from WebAIM’s Screen Reader Survey #10

    Insights from WebAIM’s Screen Reader Survey #10

    In today’s digital age, ensuring that your website is accessible to everyone is more important than ever. WebAIM’s Screen Reader Survey #10 offers valuable insights into how people with disabilities use screen readers, which can help you make your website more accessible. If you’re an IT director, company owner, or anyone involved in managing a website, understanding these takeaways can help you improve your site’s digital accessibility and ensure it meets standards like Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG).

    Targeted Demographic: Who Uses Screen Readers?

    The WebAIM Screen Reader Survey #10 highlights a diverse group of people who use screen readers. These users come from various backgrounds and have different needs, but they all rely on screen readers to access content online. Knowing your audience is vital to making your website accessible. Here is a breakdown of who these users are:

    1. People with Visual Impairments: This is the largest group of screen reader users, with 76.6% of respondents being visually impaired. They might have complete blindness or low vision that prevents them from reading text on a screen. Screen readers convert text into spoken words for these individuals, allowing them to navigate and understand web content.
    2. People with Learning Disabilities: Some users with learning disabilities find screen readers helpful. They might have difficulty processing written text or need assistance with comprehension. Screen readers can help by reading text aloud and breaking it down into more manageable parts.
    3. Older Adults: As people age, they may experience vision loss or other difficulties that make screen reading challenging. Older adults may use screen readers to compensate for reduced vision or cognitive changes that affect their ability to interact with digital content.
    4. People with Physical Disabilities: Some users with physical disabilities that affect their ability to use a mouse or keyboard may rely on screen readers to navigate websites. They might use adaptive technology to interact with their devices, making screen readers an essential tool for accessing web content.

    Targeted Age: Understanding the Age Range

    The survey also reveals insights into the age range of screen reader users. While screen readers are crucial for users of all ages, certain age groups use them more frequently:

    1. Younger Users: Younger users with disabilities are increasingly tech-savvy and may use screen readers alongside other assistive technologies. They often expect modern websites to be accessible and are quick to notice when accessibility features are lacking.
    2. Middle-Aged Users: This group may include people who have acquired disabilities later in life or who are managing long-term conditions. They often need screen readers to access work-related or personal online content.
    3. Older Adults: As mentioned earlier, older adults may use screen readers due to age-related vision loss or other issues. This demographic is growing, making it essential for websites to cater to their needs.

    Understanding the age range of screen reader users can help you design your website in a way that accommodates different life stages and technological preferences.

    Disabilities and Disability Types: Types of Disabilities Addressed

    Screen readers are used by individuals with a range of disabilities. Let’s take a closer look at the types of disabilities that screen readers help address:

    1. Visual Impairments: This includes both complete blindness and low vision. Screen readers convert on-screen text into speech, making content accessible to users who cannot see it. For users with low vision, screen readers can be combined with other assistive technologies, such as screen magnifiers.
    2. Cognitive Disabilities: Users with cognitive disabilities might struggle with memory, attention, or processing information. Screen readers can assist by reading text aloud, which can make it easier for these users to understand and retain information.
    3. Motor Disabilities: Individuals with motor disabilities might have difficulty using a keyboard or mouse. Screen readers can help by allowing users to navigate websites using voice commands or other adaptive technologies.
    4. Hearing Impairments: While screen readers are primarily used by people with visual impairments, some individuals with hearing impairments might also use them. For example, screen readers can be used in conjunction with other assistive technologies to provide a complete experience for users with multiple disabilities.

    The Importance of Digital Accessibility

    Understanding these demographics and disability types underscores the importance of digital accessibility. Web accessibility ensures that your website can be used by everyone, regardless of their abilities. This is not just about compliance with standards like WCAG; it is about creating an inclusive digital environment.

    This is why digital accessibility should be a priority for your business:

    1. Legal Compliance: Many countries, including the United States, have laws that require websites to be accessible. Failing to meet these requirements can result in legal action, which can be costly and damaging to your reputation.
    2. Broader Audience: By making your website accessible, you open it up to a wider audience. This includes not only people with disabilities but also those who use assistive technologies or have temporary impairments.
    3. Better User Experience: Accessible websites often provide a better overall user experience. Features that help screen reader users can also benefit other users, such as more straightforward navigation and more readable content.
    4. Enhanced Brand Image: Companies that prioritize accessibility are seen as more inclusive and socially responsible. This can improve your brand’s image and help build a positive reputation.

    Making Your Website Accessible

    To ensure your website meets digital accessibility standards, follow these best practices:

    1. Adhere to WCAG Guidelines: WCAG is the gold standard for web accessibility. They provide specific recommendations for making web content more accessible. Familiarize yourself with these guidelines and implement them on your site.
    2. Test with Screen Readers: Regularly test your website with screen readers to identify any accessibility issues. This can help you ensure that your content is being read correctly and that users can navigate your site effectively.
    3. Seek Feedback: Get feedback from actual screen reader users. Their insights can be invaluable in identifying and addressing accessibility issues that you might not have considered.
    4. Stay Updated: Digital accessibility is an evolving field. Keep up with the latest trends and updates to ensure your website remains compliant and accessible.

    Wrapping Up

    WebAIM’s Screen Reader Survey #10 provides crucial insights into who uses screen readers and how they interact with web content. By understanding the demographics, age ranges, and disability types of screen reader users, you can make informed decisions about improving your website’s digital accessibility. Adhering to WCAG guidelines and incorporating accessibility best practices will not only help you comply with legal requirements but also enhance the user experience for everyone.

    For IT directors and company owners, prioritizing web accessibility is a smart move that benefits both your users and your business. By taking these insights to heart, you can create a more inclusive and effective online presence.

    If you’d like to talk further about your web accessibility initiative, Schedule a Complimentary ADA Strategy Briefing with the experts at 216digital. We will help you take the steps towards web accessibility on your terms by developing a strategy to integrate WCAG 2.1 compliance into your development roadmap.

    Greg McNeil

    August 6, 2024
    WCAG Compliance
    digital accessibility, screen readers, Web Accessibility, WebAIM’s Screen Reader Survey, WebAIM’s Screen Reader Survey #10, Website Accessibility
  • Screen Readers 101: Making Your Site Accessible

    Screen Readers 101: Making Your Site Accessible

    In today’s digital age, making your website accessible to everyone is more important than ever. One critical aspect of digital accessibility is ensuring that your site is compatible with screen readers. But what exactly are screen readers, and why is it so important to make sure your website works well with them? In this blog post, we’ll dive into what screen readers are, who uses them, how they browse the Internet, and how you can test your website to ensure it’s screen reader-friendly.

    What are Screen Readers and Who Uses Them?

    Let’s start with the basics. A screen reader is a piece of software that reads aloud the text displayed on a computer or mobile device screen. It’s a vital tool for people who are blind or have severe visual impairments. However, screen readers are also used by individuals with other disabilities, such as those with learning disabilities or certain cognitive impairments, who may find it easier to listen to content rather than read it.

    So, who exactly uses screen readers? The answer is billions of people around the world. In the United States alone, there are an estimated 12 million people over 40 with a visual disability. For these individuals, screen readers are essential for accessing the Internet, working, and communicating. Without screen readers, many websites would be entirely inaccessible to them.

    How Do Screen Reader Users Browse the Internet?

    Browsing the Internet with a screen reader is a completely different experience than browsing with sight. For starters, screen reader users don’t navigate web pages visually—they rely on audio cues and keyboard commands to get around.

    Here’s a simplified version of how it works:

    1. Screen Reader Starts Reading: When a screen reader user opens a webpage, the screen reader begins reading the content from top to bottom. It reads out the text, describes images (if alt text is provided), and announces the presence of links, buttons, and other interactive elements.
    2. Keyboard Navigation: Instead of using a mouse, screen reader users navigate through the website using keyboard commands. They might use the Tab key to move between links, headings, and form fields, or shortcuts to jump to specific sections of the page, such as the main content or a list of links.
    3. Listening for Context: Screen reader users often listen to the content at a much faster speed than normal. They also rely heavily on headings, landmarks, and other structural elements to understand the layout and flow of the page. For example, a user might jump from heading to heading to quickly scan the page and find the information they need.
    4. Interacting with Elements: When a user encounters a form field, button, or link, the screen reader announces what it is and sometimes gives instructions on how to interact with it. For example, if there’s a “Submit” button, the screen reader might say, “Button: Submit. Press Enter to activate.”

    For screen reader users, a well-structured, accessible website is key to having a smooth and efficient browsing experience. But if a website is not properly optimized for screen readers, it can become frustrating, confusing, or even impossible to use.

    Why is Screen Reader Testing Important?

    Now that you have a basic understanding of what screen readers are and how they’re used, let’s talk about why testing your website for screen reader compatibility is so important.

    Ensuring Digital Accessibility

    First and foremost, screen reader testing is crucial for ensuring digital accessibility. As a website owner, developer, or content creator, it’s your responsibility to make sure that your website is accessible to everyone, including people with disabilities. Screen reader testing helps you identify and fix issues that could prevent people who rely on these tools from accessing your content.

    Complying with Legal Requirements

    In the United States, websites are required by law to be accessible to people with disabilities. The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) Title II and Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act are two key laws that apply to web accessibility. If your website is not accessible, you could be at risk of legal action, which could result in costly fines and damage to your reputation. By performing screen reader testing, you can ensure that your website complies with these laws.

    Improving User Experience

    Accessibility isn’t just about legal compliance—it’s also about providing a better user experience for everyone. When your website is accessible to screen reader users, it’s also likely to be more user-friendly for other visitors. For example, clear headings, logical page structure, and well-labeled buttons benefit all users, not just those with disabilities.

    Reaching a Wider Audience

    By making your website accessible to screen reader users, you’re opening it up to a wider audience. This can lead to more traffic, better SEO, and ultimately, more success for your business. Accessibility should be seen as an investment in your website’s future, not just a legal obligation.

    What Are the Different Approaches to Accessibility Testing?

    There are several different approaches to accessibility testing, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. To ensure that your website is fully accessible, it’s important to use a combination of these methods.

    Automated Testing

    Automated testing tools can scan your website for common accessibility issues, such as missing alt text, insufficient color contrast, and incorrect HTML structure. These tools are fast and can cover a lot of ground in a short amount of time. However, they can’t catch every issue—especially those related to screen reader compatibility.

    Some popular automated accessibility testing tools include:

    • WAVE: A web accessibility evaluation tool that highlights accessibility issues directly on your webpage.
    • Lighthouse: A tool built into Chrome that can audit your website for performance, SEO, and accessibility issues.

    While automated testing is a great starting point, it should never be the only method you use. Automated testing covers only 30-40% of accessibility guidelines and can miss more subtle or complex problems that require human judgment.

    Manual Testing

    Manual testing involves a human tester navigating your website and checking for accessibility issues. This approach is essential for catching issues that automated tools might miss, such as how well your website works with a screen reader. Manual testing can be more time-consuming and requires a deeper understanding of web accessibility, but it provides a more accurate picture of your website’s accessibility.

    During manual testing, you should:

    • Check Keyboard Navigation: Ensure that all interactive elements, such as links, buttons, and form fields, can be accessed and activated using only the keyboard.
    • Test with a Screen Reader: Use a screen reader to navigate your website and listen to how the content is announced. Pay attention to whether the screen reader correctly identifies headings, lists, buttons, and other elements.

    User Testing

    User testing involves real users with disabilities testing your website and providing feedback on their experience. This is the most effective way to identify and fix accessibility issues, as it provides insight into how your website works in the real world.

    To conduct user testing:

    • Recruit Testers: Find users who rely on screen readers and other assistive technologies to test your website. You can reach out to local organizations, online communities, or professional networks to find willing participants.
    • Observe and Take Notes: Watch how the testers interact with your website and take note of any issues they encounter. Pay attention to their feedback and use it to make improvements.
    • Iterate and Improve: After making changes based on user feedback, test again to ensure that the issues have been resolved.

    User testing can be more expensive and time-consuming than other methods, but it provides the most valuable insights.

    Not sure what form of accessibility testing is right for you? Check out our article, Choosing the Right Accessibility Audit for Your Goals, for more information.

    How to Perform Screen Reader Testing

    Screen reader testing is a crucial part of manual and user testing. Here’s a step-by-step guide to performing screen reader testing on your website.

    Choose Your Screen Readers

    There are several different screen readers available, each with its own unique features and quirks. The most commonly used screen readers in the United States are:

    • NVDA (NonVisual Desktop Access): A free and open-source screen reader for Windows.
    • JAWS (Job Access With Speech): A popular screen reader for Windows, often used in workplaces.
    • VoiceOver: The built-in screen reader for MacOS and iOS devices.
    • TalkBack: The built-in screen reader for Android devices.

    To ensure that your website is accessible to the widest audience possible, it’s important to test with more than one screen reader.

    Familiarize Yourself with Screen Reader Commands

    Screen readers are controlled through a series of keyboard commands. Before you start testing, take some time to familiarize yourself with the basic commands for the screen reader you’re using. Most screen readers have a “practice mode” where you can learn and try out different commands.

    For example, in NVDA, you can press Ctrl + Alt + N to start the screen reader, use the Tab key to move through links and buttons, and press H to jump between headings.

    Navigate Your Website

    Start by opening your website with the screen reader turned on. Listen to how the screen reader announces the content, and use keyboard commands to navigate through the site. Pay attention to the following:

    • Headings: Are they announced correctly? Do they provide a clear structure for the page?
    • Links and Buttons: Are they labeled correctly? Do they make sense out of context?
    • Forms: Are the form fields and labels announced clearly? Is it easy to fill out the form using only the keyboard?

    Identify and Fix Issues

    As you navigate your website, take note of any issues you encounter. For example, if the screen reader doesn’t announce a button’s label, it may be missing an aria-label attribute. If a heading is skipped, it might be due to incorrect HTML markup.

    Once you’ve identified the issues, go back and fix them in your website’s code. Then, test again to ensure that the problem has been resolved.

    Test on Different Devices

    Screen reader behavior can vary depending on the device and browser being used. After testing on your primary device, try testing on different devices and browsers to ensure a consistent experience for all users.

    Conclusion

    In today’s world, making your website accessible to everyone isn’t just a nice-to-have—it’s a must-do. Ensuring your site works smoothly with screen readers is a big part of that. By taking the time to test and optimize your website for screen readers, you’re not only complying with legal requirements but also creating a better experience for all users. Plus, you’re opening the doors to a wider audience, which is always good for business.

    If you’re ready to take the next step in making your website truly accessible, why not schedule a complimentary ADA Strategy Briefing with 216digital? We’re here to help you navigate the ins and outs of digital accessibility and ensure your site is welcoming to everyone. Let’s make the web a better place, one website at a time.

    Greg McNeil

    July 31, 2024
    WCAG Compliance
    assistive technology, digital accessibility, screen readers, Web Accessibility, web development, Website Accessibility
  • What Are The Most Accessible Shopify Themes?

    What Are The Most Accessible Shopify Themes?

    Hey there, Shopify store owners, developers, and content creators! If you’re reading this, having a stunning online store is critical to attracting customers. But have you ever thought about making your store accessible to everyone, including people with disabilities? In today’s digital age, digital accessibility is crucial and more than just a buzzword. It’s about ensuring everyone can enjoy your site, no matter their abilities. Let’s dive into accessible Shopify themes and why they matter.

    Understanding Digital Accessibility

    Digital accessibility means designing websites and digital tools so everyone, including people with disabilities, can use them. Disabilities can be visual, auditory, physical, speech, cognitive, or neurological. When your site is accessible, you’re not just following best practices but also reaching a broader audience, enhancing your SEO, and showing you care about all your visitors.

    Why Accessibility Matters for Shopify Stores

    Shopify is one of the best e-commerce platforms for creating beautiful online stores. But beauty isn’t everything. Accessibility matters because:

    1. Inclusivity: Making your site accessible ensures everyone can use it, including those with disabilities. This increases your potential customer base.
    2. Legal Compliance: In the US, websites must comply with the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). Not following these guidelines can lead to lawsuits.
    3. SEO Benefits: Accessible sites are often better optimized for search engines, meaning better rankings and more traffic.
    4. Better User Experience: An accessible site is usually more user-friendly, keeping customers returning.

    What Makes a Shopify Theme Accessible?

    So, what should you look for in an accessible Shopify theme? Here are some key features:

    1. Keyboard Navigation: Users should be able to perform actions on your site using just a keyboard.
    2. Screen Reader Compatibility: Your site should work well with screen readers, which helps visually impaired users navigate the web.
    3. Text Alternatives: All images should have alt text so screen readers can describe them to users.
    4. Color Contrast: Text should have enough contrast with the background to be easily readable.
    5. Resizing Text: Users should be able to zoom and resize text without breaking your site’s layout.
    6. Clear Labels and Instructions: Forms and buttons should be clearly labeled so users know what they’re for.

    Top Accessible Shopify Themes Compatible with Online Store 2.0

    Now, let’s get into some of the most accessible Shopify themes compatible with Online Store 2.0. These themes are designed with digital accessibility in mind, ensuring your store is usable for everyone.

    Dawn

    Dawn is Shopify’s flagship theme for Online Store 2.0 and is built with accessibility in mind.

    • Keyboard Navigation: Dawn is fully navigable via keyboard, making it accessible for users who can’t use a mouse.
    • Screen Reader Support: The theme is compatible with screen readers, ensuring visually impaired users can access all content.
    • High Contrast: Dawn offers excellent contrast between text and background, which helps users with low vision.

    Craft

    Craft is perfect for stores with a focus on aesthetics and usability.

    • Text Alternatives: Every image in Craft can have alt text, making it accessible for screen readers.
    • Flexible Design: The theme’s layout adjusts well when text is resized, ensuring it remains readable.
    • Clear Instructions: Forms and interactive elements in Craft are clearly labeled.

    Sense

    Sense is a clean and modern theme designed for ease of use and accessibility.

    • High Contrast Mode: Sense offers a high-contrast color scheme, improving readability for low-vision users.
    • Accessible Forms: Forms are well-labeled and easy to use, ensuring everyone can complete purchases without hassle.
    • Keyboard-Friendly: Like the others, Sense is designed to work well with keyboard navigation.

    Crave

    Crave is a stylish theme that combines modern design with robust accessibility features.

    • Responsive Design: Crave’s responsive design ensures it looks great and works well on all devices, which is crucial for accessibility.
    • Alt Text: All images can have alt text, which is essential for screen reader users.
    • Clear Navigation: The navigation is straightforward to use, making it accessible to everyone.

    Refresh

    Refresh is ideal for stores that want a clean, modern look without compromising on accessibility.

    • Keyboard Navigation: The theme supports full keyboard navigation, ensuring users with disabilities can easily browse.
    • High Contrast: Refresh uses high contrast in its design, improving readability.
    • Screen Reader Friendly: It’s built to work seamlessly with screen readers.

    Tips for Enhancing Accessibility on Your Shopify Store

    Choosing an accessible theme is just the first step. Here are some additional tips to make your Shopify store even more accessible:

    1. Add Alt Text to Images: Every image on your site should have alternative text. This action helps screen reader users understand what’s on your site.
    2. Use Descriptive Links: Instead of “click here,” use descriptive text like “view our latest collection.”
    3. Ensure Text Readability: Use large, clear fonts and high-contrast colors.
    4. Test Your Site: Regularly check your site with the WAVE Web Accessibility Evaluation Tool for accessibility issues.
    5. Provide Keyboard Shortcuts: Offer keyboard shortcuts for common actions to make navigation easier.
    6. Accessible Forms: Make sure forms are easy to use and clearly labeled.
    7. Regular Updates: Keep your site and theme updated to fix any accessibility issues.

    Conclusion

    Digital accessibility isn’t just about ticking a box; it’s about creating an inclusive and user-friendly experience for all your visitors. Choosing an accessible Shopify theme like Dawn, Craft, Sense, Crave, or Refresh is a great start.

    Remember, an accessible site broadens your customer base, boosts your SEO, and helps you comply with legal requirements. So, take the time to invest in digital accessibility—it’s worth it!

    Starting your web accessibility journey on Shopify has never been easier with 216digital by your side. Schedule a complimentary ADA Strategy Briefing with our experts to craft a tailored plan for integrating WCAG 2.1 compliance into your development roadmap. We’re here to guide you every step of the way, ensuring that your online store meets accessibility standards while you focus on growing your business.

    Happy selling, and here’s to a more inclusive web!

    Greg McNeil

    July 18, 2024
    WCAG Compliance
    Accessibility, digital accessibility, Shopify, Shopify Themes, web development, Website Accessibility
  • Unwrap Web Accessibility: A Gift for All Shoppers

    Unwrap Web Accessibility: A Gift for All Shoppers

    ‘Tis the season of joy, laughter, and, of course, holiday shopping! As the holiday spirit fills the air, retailers are gearing up to capture their share of the holiday shopping extravaganza. But in the midst of the twinkling lights, festive decor, and holiday cheer, there’s an aspect you may be overlooking – web accessibility.

    To add an extra dose of cheer to this season, our team at 216digital has put together a list of simple and immediate steps that every online retailer can take to ensure their online content caters to all shoppers.

    ‘Tis the Season for All Shoppers

    The holiday season is when people actively hunt for gifts and turn to online shopping in their quest for the perfect presents. However, many website owners are missing out on a massive, often overlooked market share: people with disabilities. 

    According to the World Health Organization, roughly 16% of the world’s population has some form of disability. When your website isn’t accessible, you’re closing the door on this large group of potential consumers.

    To put this into perspective, let’s consider some statistics:

    • In the United States, approximately 27% of adults have some form of disability. That’s more than 61 million people who could become your future customers.
    • Shoppers with disabilities have a combined disposable income of about $490 billion. By neglecting their needs, you are missing out on a substantial source of revenue.
    • Research has shown that 71% of disabled customers will leave a website if they find it difficult to use. Therefore, improving web accessibility can have a direct impact on your conversion rates.

    Holiday Shopping Challenges

    For people with disabilities, shopping online can pose challenges. According to WebAIM’s 2023 analysis of the top 1 million websites on the internet, a staggering 96.3% of them had severe accessibility issues. These issues included the inability to view product descriptions, make a purchase, or book an appointment.

    During the holiday shopping season, people with disabilities may face even more challenges while shopping online. For instance: 

    • Most holiday promotions are shared through email or social media, which can be challenging to access for some people with disabilities. 
    • Each website update, which often includes fresh branding, promotional banners, and product pages, presents an opportunity to introduce new accessibility barriers
    • The holiday rush can overwhelm customer service teams, making it more challenging for people with disabilities to receive the assistance they may need.

    So, how can you make your website accessible to all holiday shoppers?

    Understanding Web Accessibility

    Web accessibility is about making your website usable and navigable by people with disabilities. That means designing and developing your holiday content in a way that allows everyone to access and use your site effectively.

    Here are a few key aspects of web accessibility you should focus on this holiday season.

    Paint a Clear Picture with Alt Text

    During the holiday season, visuals play a significant role in attracting shoppers to your site. In fact, 75% of online shoppers rely on product photos when purchasing. However, some users may have visual impairments and rely on screen readers to navigate your website. To make sure they don’t miss out on your visually appealing content, it’s crucial to use image alternative text or alt text.

    What is Alt Text?

    Alt text is a description added to an image’s HTML code. It provides a textual alternative to the image, allowing screen readers to convey the image’s content and function to users who cannot see it. 

    When done right, it can help paint a picture of your products and services. Unfortunately, many businesses forget to provide alt text, or they treat it like a file naming system. For example, an image of a size chart with alt text that says “size chart.” It might as well not be there.

    You can write more helpful alt text by following these best practices:

    Be Descriptive

    When adding alt text to your images, be descriptive but concise. For instance, if you’re selling a holiday-themed sweater, the alt text could be “Cozy red holiday sweater with reindeer patterns.” This way, users with visual impairments understand the image’s content.

    Avoid Redundancy

    It might seem helpful but do not include phrases like “picture of” or “image of” in your alt text. Screen readers will know from the preceding HTML tag to announce the alt text as an image. Including these phrases in your description will only disrupt the user’s experience.

    Write for People, Not Search Engines

    It’s important to remember not to treat alt text as an SEO tool. Many content creators make the mistake of trying to include keywords in their site’s alt text. But while alt text can contribute to SEO, your priority should be accessibility and user experience. Remember, at the end of the day, you’re trying to sell a product to a person, not Google. So, focus on creating descriptive and concise alt text that helps users with visual impairments understand the image’s content.

    For more information on alt text, check out our article “Understanding Image Alt Text Descriptions.”

    Design for Sound Off Videos

    Videos are an engaging way to showcase your holiday products or promotions. However, videos often rely on visual and auditory elements, which can be problematic for those with hearing impairments. To make your videos more inclusive:

    • Invest in High-Quality Audio: If you use VoiceOvers or soundtracks in your videos, ensure that the audio quality is top-notch. Clear audio is essential for users who rely on sound to understand your content.
    • Use Audio Descriptions: For videos with crucial visual content, provide audio descriptions. Audio descriptions are narrations that explain what’s happening in the video. This helps users with visual impairments understand the context and content of the video.
    • Proof Captions by Hand: Automatic captioning can be unreliable, and errors in captions can lead to misunderstandings. Take the time to review and edit captions to ensure they accurately reflect the spoken content.

    Make Your Email Campaigns Web Accessible

    Email marketing is a powerful tool during the holiday season. However, most of the images used in email marketing lack accessibility.

    For instance, in many promotional emails, you’ll find special offers, product names, sale prices, and other important information. If all of this information is only presented in images, it excludes people who rely on screen readers.

    As a general rule, businesses should avoid using images as the sole content of their emails. And when images are used, they must include descriptive alt text. However, there’s more to email accessibility than just alt text. 

    To ensure that your emails reach and resonate with all potential customers, consider the following:

    • Set the Role Attribute of Every Table to “Presentation.”: Tables in emails can be challenging for screen readers to interpret. By setting the role attribute of every table to “presentation,” you tell assistive technologies that the table is for layout purposes only, making the email easier to navigate.
    • Underline Inline Links: When creating links in your emails, use descriptive link text. For example, instead of “Click here,” use “Shop our holiday collection now.” This provides clarity and context to users.
    • Make Sure Links are Descriptive: When creating links in your email content, use descriptive anchor text that indicates where the link leads. Avoid generic terms like “click here” and instead use specific text that tells users what to expect when they click.

    Heading Towards Holiday Content

    It’s that time of year when new content and blog articles are in full swing, highlighting future sales and this year’s latest products. However, the essential element of all good content is using headings. Headings aren’t just big, bold, decorative text. They’re the signposts that guide readers through your content from most to least important. 

    For instance, just like a tree has a trunk, main branches, and smaller branches, your content should have a main heading, subheadings, and further divisions if necessary. 

    • Here are a few pointers when you are generating your online content:
    • Write concise, meaningful headings that provide insight into the content.
    • Elements that are repeated across different pages within a site should maintain a consistent order. That one bold font may be more eye-catching, but that doesn’t mean you need to use it.
    • Headings and labels should aid shoppers in navigating content and understanding their current location by clearly describing the topic or objective. 

    Don’t Let Web Accessibility Be Your New Year’s Resolution

    The holiday season is the perfect time to implement these changes and make your website more accessible. So, don’t let web accessibility be your New Year’s resolution; make it a top priority for your online business now, and watch your holiday sales soar. 

    Ready to get started? Schedule a Complimentary ADA Strategy Briefing with the experts at 216digital. We will help you take the steps towards making your content web accessible on your terms by developing a strategy to integrate WCAG 2.1 compliance into your development roadmap.

    Greg McNeil

    December 8, 2023
    How-to Guides, The Benefits of Web Accessibility, WCAG Compliance
  • Does Your Image Need Alt Text to be Web Accessible?

    Does Your Image Need Alt Text to be Web Accessible?

    Images are the bread and butter for any website. You put a lot of time and effort into creating engaging visual content for your audiences. But that’s only half of the battle — making your content accessible to as many people as possible is the other half. 

    Despite the accelerated pace of the digital era, many businesses and organizations still lag behind in making their websites accessible to people with disabilities. This is partly due to the lack of awareness and/or technical knowledge of different web accessibility barriers and how to solve them. 

    What happens when your users have visual impairments? How do they receive and understand this visual information? 

    In this article, we answer one of the most commonly asked questions — does my image need alt text to be web accessible?

    Image Types And Alternative Text

    Before we analyze an image for web accessibility, we must first take a step back and think about its purpose. Is it to inform, evoke emotion, serve as a link, or just for visual appeal?

    To understand how to make the image accessible for users with assistive technologies (AT) like screen readers, ask:

    • “What is the message the image is trying to convey?”
    • “Is the message simple or complex, emotional or actionable?”

    An online tool like an image decision tree can help categorize your image. Or, think about if the image disappeared. Would you still understand the content’s meaning without it?

    If the answer is yes, the image is purely decorative. However, the image is necessary if the image provides the user with valuable information and context. 

    Once you determine what kind of image you are working with, there are some basic web accessibility guidelines to consider.

    Decorative Images

    There is a lot to consider when it comes to decorative images. If you find yourself saying, “But what about X? or “How about Y?” you might need to reevaluate your image as it might not be decorative. 

    One of the most challenging images to categorize tends to fall in the “emotional” or “mood” category since these images are more subjective. What one person considers decorative, another might consider informative. So, use your best judgment.

    Hiding Decorative Images

    While decorative images can enhance visual appeal, they don’t convey any meaningful information. If the image is decorative, then programmatically, the image needs to be hidden from assistive technology. 

    There are several ways to hide alternative text, including using empty or null alt (alt=””), using ARIA role=” presentation”, or implementing the image as a CSS background. This will signal the AT device to ignore this image as it is not vital to understanding the content. 

    However, it’s important to note that an empty or null alternative text attribute is not the same as a missing attribute. If the alternative text attribute is missing, the AT device might read the file name or surrounding content instead to provide the user with more information about the image. 

    While aria-hidden= “true” is an option, be cautious, as it will remove the entire element from the accessibility API.

    Informative Images

    If you decide your image is informative, there are a lot more things to consider. Visually impaired individuals often rely on screen readers to navigate the web. These devices read out textual content, but they can’t “see” images. To bridge this gap, we must have programmatically-discernible alternative text within the website’s HTML.

    Alt text is a brief description that conveys the essential information of an image. But having alternate text is not enough — it must also be meaningful. For example, the alt text for a picture of a woman baking might be” Woman baking” — does that convey the whole message? Instead, the alt text should be “Racheal Ray preparing chocolate chip cookies.”

    Of course, AT users will have to listen to your alternative text, so do not go overboard. While your descriptions should paint a vivid picture for the user, limiting the number of characters to only 150 is best practice. If you need to add more context to the image, you can use other, more descriptive methods to add more detail.

    To learn more about writing alt text, check out our blog post, Understanding Image Alt Text Descriptions.

    Charts, Graphs, and Other Complex Images

    Sometimes written copy is part of an image, such as in the case of charts, graphs, or diagrams. These images contain too much information to fit into an alt-text description. Instead, you need two parts to describe them. The first part is a short description to identify the image and, if required, the location of the long description. A long description is a textual representation of the essential information conveyed by the image.

    Description Containing Structured Information

    We can use the <figure> and <figcaption> to associate visible text with an image. When using <figure> and <figcaption>, the alt attribute can be more minimal, and the <figcaption> can be more expressive. 

    This approach provides a link next to the image that will send the user to a separate web page or a section containing a more detailed description of the image. However, the link text must clarify the destination and associate it with the image. The <figure> and <figcaption> elements can also be used for groups of images.

    To identify the complex image, we can also provide accessible names to the image programmatically using the aria-describedby attribute. AT devices will ignore the image’s alt text when these attributes are present and read the ARIA label instead without forcing the users to leave the page. However, this approach can only work if the long description is text-only and does not require structural information. 

    Meeting Image Accessibility Standards

    In an increasingly digital world, ensuring that every user, irrespective of their ability, can access and understand your content is paramount. Ignoring the significant segment of people with disabilities is not only a detriment to your brand’s inclusivity but also a missed opportunity for engagement and growth. 

    Partnering with 216digital takes the complexity out of the equation, providing expert guidance, tools, and techniques tailored to your needs. We understand that every aspect of your site requires thoughtful consideration, and we’re ready to assist you every step of the way. Don’t leave your web accessibility to chance; schedule a Complimentary ADA Strategy Briefing with our team today, and let us help you make your site truly accessible for everyone.

    Greg McNeil

    August 10, 2023
    How-to Guides, WCAG Compliance
    Accessibility, ADA Compliance, ADA Website Compliance, Alt text, Image Alt Text, Website Accessibility
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