Accessibility Archives - Page 6 of 20/Tag

eCommerce Accessibility: Cart & Checkout Best Practices
As a front-end developer, you already know how much the small stuff matters—clear labels, logical tab order, and meaningful feedback. These details don’t just polish the experience; they make the difference between a site that works for everyone and one that silently shuts people out. When it comes to eCommerce accessibility, gaps tend to show up in the usual suspects: shopping carts, forms, payment flows, and filters.

Below, we’ll explore common eCommerce accessibility gaps and show you how to fix them. You’ll see examples of HTML and ARIA attributes that make a real difference in usability—without requiring you to overhaul your entire site. Just clean, thoughtful code that helps your work reach more people, the way it’s meant to.

Why Accessibility Matters in E-Commerce

Better eCommerce accessibility results in a better user experience. When you streamline navigation, label form fields properly, and offer multiple payment methods, you’re benefiting everyone, not just shoppers with disabilities. You’re also opening your doors to more customers, including those who use screen readers, have limited mobility, or simply prefer an intuitive layout.

Beyond enhanced usability, there’s also the legal side. Lawsuits related to eCommerce accessibility are on the rise. Addressing accessibility from the start can help reduce legal risks, but the bigger win is ensuring all potential customers feel welcome in your store.

eCommerce accessibility often breaks down at a few critical points:
- Shopping carts with unclear or missing labels.
- Forms and checkouts that don’t offer proper error messages.
- Payment flows that are dependent on inaccessible CAPTCHAs or limited payment methods.
- Product filters that are keyboard-incompatible or lack clear feedback.
If you’re a developer responsible for these features, you’re in the perfect position to fix these problems. A few strategic lines of code or well-placed attributes can help transform a confusing checkout into a seamless experience for all.

Making Your Shopping Cart Work for Everyone

Add Clear Labels (Yes, Even for Buttons)

It’s a common oversight to have buttons or icons without descriptive text. Screen readers can’t interpret an icon unless you provide an aria-label or similar attribute. Give every button clear text or an invisible descriptor for assistive tech.
```
<button aria-label="Remove item from cart">
  Remove
</button>
```
This simple step ensures that anyone using a screen reader knows exactly what action they’re about to take.

Let People Update Cart Items Without Guesswork

Quantities, item removals, and other cart updates should be straightforward. If you’re using a numeric input, label it properly so a screen reader user knows what they’re adjusting.
```
<label for="quantity">Quantity:</label>
<input type="number" id="quantity" name="quantity" min="1" value="1">
```
When quantity fields are clearly labeled and keyboard-friendly, customers can adjust items easily—no mystery involved.

Show Helpful Feedback When Things Go Wrong

Errors happen: maybe a shopper enters an invalid quantity or tries to remove an item that’s no longer in stock. Instead of reloading the entire page (and frustrating users), use an aria-live region to announce errors in real-time:
```
<div role="alert" aria-live="assertive">
  Error: Please enter a valid quantity.
</div>
```
This alerts people using screen readers without forcing them to refresh or hunt for an error message.

Shipping Forms That Are Easy to Use (and Easy to Navigate)

Use Straightforward, Consistent Labels

Forms can become confusing if users aren’t sure what to type. Proper <label> tags tied to the correct inputs make a huge difference for both sighted customers and those using assistive tech.
```
<label for="address">Shipping Address:</label>
<input type="text" id="address" name="address">
```
When labels are descriptive and consistent throughout the form, everyone knows exactly what information to provide.

Make Sure Users Can Tab Through Fields Logically

Keyboard-only users often navigate by pressing the Tab key. If your form fields aren’t in a logical sequence, they’ll jump around unpredictably. Paying attention to the natural DOM order is usually enough, but if you must alter it, use tabindex carefully.

Show Errors Clearly and Offer Suggestions

Generic error messages like “Invalid input” force users to guess what they did wrong. Instead, offer specific guidance so people know exactly how to fix the issue:
```
<div role="alert">
  Error: ZIP code must be five digits.
</div>
```
This clarity benefits everyone, speeding up the checkout process and reducing frustration—two big wins for eCommerce accessibility.

Designing a Payment Flow That’s Smooth and Inclusive

Offer More Than One Way to Pay

Variety in payment methods—credit cards, PayPal, Google Pay, Apple Pay, etc.—ensures different shoppers can complete purchases in a way that suits them. Some assistive technologies work better with certain payment platforms, so having options expands your customer reach.

If You Use CAPTCHAs, Make Them Accessible

Nothing derails a checkout faster than an inaccessible CAPTCHA. If possible, rely on server-side checks. If you do need a CAPTCHA, consider offering an audio version or a more user-friendly alternative. This prevents people with disabilities from being locked out at the final step of their eCommerce accessibility journey.

Choose Accessible Payment Gateways

Third-party payment platforms can introduce new accessibility issues. Do a quick review to ensure any external gateway meets basic WCAG standards and is compatible with screen readers and other assistive tools. Even the best checkout flow can fail if the final payment step isn’t accessible.

Don’t Let Product Filters Be a Barrier

Make Filters Keyboard-Friendly

Checkboxes, sliders, and dropdowns all need to be navigable via keyboard. That means ensuring users can Tab to each control, use arrow keys for sliders, and press Enter or Space to toggle checkboxes or confirm a selection.

Let Users Know What Filters Are Applied

Always make it clear which filters are currently active, both visually and programmatically (via ARIA attributes). This helps sighted users and people using screen readers track their selections and remove or adjust filters easily.

Stick to Native HTML Controls When Possible

While custom-styled checkboxes and radio buttons can look appealing, they often introduce accessibility quirks. Native HTML elements are easier to make accessible:
```
<fieldset>
  <legend>Filter by Size</legend>
  <label><input type="checkbox" name="size" value="small"> Small</label>
  <label><input type="checkbox" name="size" value="medium"> Medium</label>
  <label><input type="checkbox" name="size" value="large"> Large</label>
</fieldset>
```
You can style them to fit your brand while ensuring they work out of the box for most assistive tech. It’s one of the easiest ways to improve eCommerce accessibility.

Testing and Validating Your Work

Start with Automated Tools (But Don’t Stop There)

Tools like Google Lighthouse and WAVE are great starting points. They scan for many common issues, but automated tests can’t cover everything, especially more nuanced user interactions.

Test Manually with Real Assistive Tech

Grab a screen reader like NVDA (Windows) or VoiceOver (Mac). Try using only your keyboard to navigate the site. This hands-on approach reveals a lot about real-world usability that automated checks might miss—especially in areas related to eCommerce accessibility.

Get Feedback from Real Users

If you can, involve people with disabilities in your testing. Their direct experience helps pinpoint issues you might never notice on your own. Real-world feedback is invaluable for refining the shopping journey.

Small Fixes, Big Impact

Building an accessible eCommerce site doesn’t require a complete overhaul. Most improvements, like adding clear labels or structuring forms properly, are quick, incremental changes in your code. These small fixes can significantly enhance the experience for shoppers who rely on assistive technology—and often make the site more pleasant for everyone else as well.

If you want more detailed guidance or an expert review, there are plenty of resources on WCAG and web.dev. You can also team up with 216digital, where we specialize in making sure online stores meet eCommerce accessibility standards from start to finish. Whether you need help with checkout flows, product filtering, or a full-site audit, our team is here to ensure every shopper can complete their purchase with ease.

Remember: inclusive design isn’t just a checkbox—it’s a mindset. By prioritizing eCommerce accessibility at each step of your development process, you’ll build online shopping experiences that truly welcome everyone. And that’s good business for everyone involved.
Greg McNeil

April 4, 2025

How-to Guides

Accessibility, ecommerce website, How-to, WCAG Compliance, Web Accessibility, web developers, web development, Website Accessibility

Alt Text or Image Description? Why Accessibility Comes First

“Should you optimize for SEO or accessibility?” That’s the wrong question.

Let’s be honest—there’s a lot of confusion floating around online, especially on social media, about the difference between alt text and image descriptions. Some folks say you should cram keywords into alt tags. Others say just describe the image “vaguely” for the algorithm. Neither approach helps real people—and they don’t help your brand either.

This article clears things up. We’ll break down the key differences between alt text and image descriptions, explain how both support accessibility and SEO (yes, both!), and offer practical ways to use them well. The goal? Helping you create content that’s not just searchable, but actually usable—for everyone.

Because putting accessibility first doesn’t mean you have to sacrifice SEO. In fact, it means building digital spaces that work better for all users, including search engines.

What Is Alt Text?

Alt text—short for alternative text—is the text you add in HTML to describe an image. It looks something like this:

<img src="pancakes.jpg" alt="Pancakes" />

This little string of text has a few big jobs:

It shows up if an image doesn’t load.
It tells screen readers what the image is for users who can’t see it.
It can help with SEO if written well—but that’s not its main job.

Alt text is usually short and direct. Think “Chocolate cake on a plate” or “Man typing on laptop.” It’s added when you upload images to your website, blog, or CMS.

But here’s the catch: alt text can be too short. It doesn’t always provide enough detail, especially if you’re trying to convey mood, emotion, or complex ideas.

That’s where image descriptions come in.

What Are Image Descriptions?

An image description is a fuller explanation of what an image shows. It’s like telling a story with words instead of just naming what’s in the picture.

Here’s an example:

Alt Text: “Pancakes”

Image Description: “A tall stack of fluffy pancakes covered in golden syrup, powdered sugar, and slices of fresh strawberries and bananas on a white ceramic plate.”

See the difference?

Image descriptions give blind or visually impaired users a more complete picture of what everyone else sees. They may appear near the image in the caption, in surrounding content, or even inside ARIA labels for complex visuals like graphs or maps.

In short: alt text gives a label. Image descriptions give life.

Alt Tags vs. Image Descriptions: Key Differences

Let’s break this down side by side:

Alt Tags	Image Descriptions
Short, a few words	Full sentences
Placed in code (`alt=""`)	In visible content or metadata
Helps screen readers	Helps screen readers and gives more context
SEO-friendly	SEO-friendly
Often auto-generated	Often auto-generated

Think of alt tags as headlines. Image descriptions? They’re the full story.

How Image Descriptions Support Both Accessibility and SEO

Here’s the good news: you don’t have to choose between helping people and helping search engines. Done right, an image description does both.

Let’s say you’re a restaurant. Here’s an example of an image description could look:

“A stack of pancakes from Alexa’s Pancake House, topped with maple syrup, whipped cream, and sliced strawberries.”

This gives a full visual for screen reader users and includes relevant keywords (like your business name) in a natural way.

No stuffing. No tricks. Just useful, clear, descriptive writing.

Tips

Keep your writing simple and honest.
Use your keyword (like image description) naturally—don’t overdo it.
Don’t sacrifice clarity for search performance. Do both.

SEO Pitfalls That Undermine Accessibility

Now let’s talk about what not to do.

Some people think alt text is a great place to dump keywords. That’s a big accessibility mistake. Imagine using a screen reader and hearing:

“Pizza, best pizza, NYC pizza, cheap pizza, pizza restaurant.”

Helpful? Nope. Just frustrating.

Here’s What to Avoid

Keyword packing in alt attributes.
Using phrases that don’t describe the actual image.
Ignoring image descriptions altogether.

A Better Approach

Use short, honest alt text.
Add rich image descriptions nearby for complex images.
Use filenames, captions, and surrounding text to support SEO goals.

Why Accessibility Must Come First

Yes, SEO matters. But accessibility should always come first.

Why?

Because someone who is blind, low-vision, or has a cognitive disability deserves to understand your content just like everyone else. Accessibility means inclusion. It also means better design for all users—including those with slow connections, temporary impairments, or different learning needs.

And let’s not forget: choosing accessibility shows what your brand stands for.

It’s not just for websites either. Platforms like Instagram, Pinterest, and TikTok are full of visuals. People with disabilities use them every day. They deserve full, rich image descriptions too.

Best Practices for Writing Accessible Image Descriptions

Here’s how to get it right:

Keep It Clear and Concise: Avoid long, rambling sentences. Use plain language.
Be Contextual: What’s the purpose of the image? What matters in this moment?
Use Natural Language: Don’t write like a robot. Imagine you’re explaining the image to a friend who can’t see it.
Use Both When Needed: For things like infographics or charts, use a short alt tag and include a detailed image description nearby.
Test with Screen Readers: Listen to how your image description sounds aloud. Would someone understand it without seeing the image?

The Role of Content Creators, Developers, and Marketers

Creating accessible content is a team effort.

Writers and Content Creators: Should know how to write clear image descriptions that include important context.
Developers and Designers: Need to code alt attributes properly and make sure screen readers work well on their platforms.
Marketers and SEO Pros: Can drive results while still being inclusive. Collaboration with accessibility experts is key.

A Better Internet Starts with Better Habits

Here’s the takeaway: You can do both. But accessibility has to come first.

At 216digital, we believe digital accessibility isn’t optional—it’s part of building a better internet. Every well-written image description, every thoughtfully placed alt tag, every small decision adds up.

Not sure if your site is truly accessible? Wondering what your legal obligations are under the ADA?

We can help. Schedule an ADA Accessibility Briefing with our team. It’s your first step toward a more inclusive, compliant, and trustworthy online presence. Let’s build something better—together.

Greg McNeil

April 3, 2025

How-to Guides

Accessibility, Alt text, image description, SEO, WCAG, Web Accessibility

AI Accessibility Platform or Just an Overlay?
The digital accessibility space is flooded with promises. Some companies advertise sleek, one-click solutions to fix web accessibility issues overnight. They now call themselves an “AI accessibility platform” rather than what they truly are: overlays.

It sounds good. Who wouldn’t want artificial intelligence to solve complex compliance problems automatically? But here’s the catch: most of these so-called AI accessibility platforms are just rebranded overlays—front-end widgets that apply a visual layer over a website to appear accessible. They rarely address the root issues. Even worse, they can give businesses a false sense of compliance and leave disabled users frustrated.

What Is an Overlay, Really?

A web accessibility overlay is a third-party tool that’s added to a site through a snippet of JavaScript. It tries to modify the user experience dynamically. Common features include contrast toggles, font size adjustments, keyboard navigation enhancements, and screen reader fixes.

These overlays are easy to install and often marketed as a quick path to ADA or WCAG compliance. Some now claim to use AI to identify and fix accessibility issues in real-time. But while the buzzword changed, the fundamental technology hasn’t.

The AI Smokescreen

Labeling a product as an “AI accessibility platform” gives it an air of sophistication. But in many cases, artificial intelligence plays a minimal role—or none at all. Even when developers use AI to detect accessibility issues, it still can’t replace expert human review or hands-on code-level remediation.

Here’s why that matters:
- AI can miss context. It may detect that an image lacks alt text but can’t determine if the description is meaningful.
- AI can’t restructure content. Accessibility isn’t just about fixing what’s visible—it’s also about semantic structure, logical flow, and proper HTML.
- AI can’t interpret intent. True accessibility requires understanding the purpose of design and interaction elements. That takes human judgment.
In short, AI might help flag issues, but it can’t fix them at scale with the nuance needed for real-world usability.

The Real Risks of Relying on Overlays

Many businesses adopt AI accessibility platform, believing they’re safe from lawsuits. They’re not. In fact, overlays are now being cited in accessibility lawsuits. Plaintiffs and advocacy groups argue that these tools are ineffective and even obstructive.

The risks include:
- Legal exposure. Courts have increasingly ruled that overlays do not ensure ADA compliance. Plaintiffs with disabilities have successfully sued companies using these tools.
- Bad UX for disabled users. Overlays can conflict with screen readers, override user settings, or interfere with native assistive tech.
- False security. Businesses relying on accessibility widgets might mistakenly believe they’re protected, overlooking critical accessibility issues that thorough audits and remediation would easily identify. In fact, in 2024 alone, 1,023 companies using accessibility widgets on their websites faced lawsuits.
What Real Accessibility Looks Like

True digital accessibility is not a checkbox or a plugin. It’s a commitment to inclusivity that starts in your codebase. That means:
- Semantic HTML structure
- Meaningful alt text
- Keyboard navigability
- Proper ARIA roles
- Logical content order
- Form labels and error identification
These elements can’t be patched with JavaScript after the fact. They have to be built into the foundation of your site.

Expert-Led Accessibility Works

This is where companies like 216digital come in. Unlike overlay vendors, 216digital doesn’t promise overnight compliance. Instead, they deliver code-based accessibility services rooted in real expertise.

Their process includes:
- Manual audits by accessibility professionals
- Comprehensive WCAG testing across devices and assistive technologies
- Remediation services that fix issues in your site’s actual code
- Ongoing support to maintain compliance over time
This approach not only improves accessibility for users with disabilities but also strengthens your brand, SEO, and legal compliance.

Don’t Fall for AI Accessibility Platform

Rebranding overlays as “AI accessibility platforms” is a clever marketing move. But it doesn’t make them more effective. Businesses need to look past the buzzwords and focus on what truly matters: building accessible websites that work for real people.

Overlays offer a temporary illusion of compliance. But for lasting accessibility, legal protection, and a genuinely inclusive user experience, expert-led, code-based solutions are the only path forward.

If you’re serious about accessibility, skip the overlay. Choose real remediation. Choose a partner like 216digital who understands that accessibility isn’t just a feature—it’s a foundation.

Start by filling out the contact form below to schedule your complimentary ADA briefing with 216digital today.
Greg McNeil

April 2, 2025

Legal Compliance

Accessibility, Ai and Overlay Widgets, AI-driven accessibility, Overlay, WCAG, Web Accessibility, Widgets
Everything on Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act (AODA)
Did you know that one in five Ontarians has a disability? This means that a large segment of the population faces barriers many of us rarely consider—especially when going online. For businesses and website owners, ignoring accessibility can shut out customers who want your products or services but can’t navigate your site with ease. Creating an accessible experience isn’t just good practice; in Ontario, it’s also the law.

Ontario’s Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act (AODA) was introduced in 2005 to help reduce and remove barriers for people with disabilities. Many businesses still fall short of meeting AODA requirements, even though compliance is mandatory. This article will clarify key regulations under the AODA, explain why it matters, and offer actionable steps to ensure your website is accessible. By the end, you’ll feel more confident in your ability to meet these legal and ethical obligations.

A Quick Overview: What Is the AODA?

The Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act (AODA) is a landmark law passed in 2005. It sets out rules to make everyday life better for people with disabilities in Ontario. While the AODA covers physical spaces, such as ensuring ramps and wide aisles, it also applies to digital properties. In other words, your website, apps, and online documents fall under its scope.

By focusing on technology as well as brick-and-mortar locations, the AODA aims to provide equal access to everyone—whether they’re using a wheelchair, a screen reader, or any other assistive device.

Why was the AODA Needed?

Before the AODA became law, the Ontarians with Disabilities Act (ODA) tried to address similar issues. Passed in 2001, the ODA mainly targeted government agencies. Because it lacked strong enforcement tools, it didn’t do enough to break down barriers in the private and non-profit sectors.

Recognizing these gaps, lawmakers introduced the AODA. Unlike the ODA, the AODA has clear enforcement measures that can include significant penalties for organizations that fail to comply. By building on the lessons from the ODA, the AODA established a more forward-looking system. This system continues to evolve, raising expectations for businesses to be fully inclusive in both physical and virtual environments.

The 5 Standards of the AODA

The AODA is made up of five key standards. Each standard focuses on a different area of daily life, ensuring organizations take a broad approach to accessibility.

Customer Service

This standard ensures that people with disabilities can interact with businesses as smoothly as anyone else. Examples include providing sign language interpreters for events and making store aisles wide enough for wheelchairs or walkers.

Information and Communications

Under this standard, organizations must offer information in accessible formats—like braille, large print, or audio. Websites also need to be designed in ways that people with disabilities can use, which includes ensuring screen readers and other assistive tech can read the content correctly.

Employment

Employers must create equitable hiring and workplace practices. They might offer flexible work hours or specialized equipment to employees with disabilities. The goal is to remove barriers that keep talented individuals from fully contributing at work.

Transportation

Public transit, taxis, and specialized transport services must meet the needs of individuals with mobility, vision, or hearing challenges. This standard helps people with disabilities stay mobile, independent, and connected to their communities.

Design of Public Spaces

This part of the AODA deals with the built environment. It covers things like ramps, tactile guiding surfaces, and other physical accessibility features in newly constructed or renovated public spaces.

AODA and Web Accessibility Requirements

One of the most impactful parts of the AODA is its focus on web accessibility. Under the law, most public and private organizations in Ontario must make their websites comply with the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.1 Level AA. WCAG sets international standards for how to make online content accessible to people with various disabilities. The guidelines come in three levels: A, AA, and AAA. A is the most basic level, while AAA is the most strict. The AODA currently targets Level AA, striking a balance between practicality and inclusivity.

Core Elements of Compliance
- Keyboard-Only Navigation: Making sure users can move through a site without a mouse.
- Alt Text for Images: Providing descriptive text that screen readers can read aloud.
- Sufficient Color Contrast: Text and background colors need enough contrast for people with low vision to read easily.
- Resizable Text: Allowing users to enlarge text without losing important features.
- Assistive Technology Compatibility: Ensuring your site works well with screen readers, voice recognition, and other tools.
If your organization is in Ontario—be it a private company, non-profit, or government body—chances are you need to follow AODA web standards. Companies with 50 or more employees must also file accessibility reports, but even smaller companies should prioritize compliance to serve all customers properly.

AODA Enforcement and Penalties: What’s at Stake?

The Accessibility Directorate of Ontario is in charge of making sure the AODA is followed. If they find you in violation, they can issue warnings and fines. The amount depends on several things:
- How severe the violation is
- Whether it’s a first-time or repeat offense
- Whether it’s an individual or a corporation in violation
Fines can range from a few hundred dollars to $100,000 per day. Beyond the financial risk, non-compliance can harm your reputation. Consumers today expect brands to show responsibility and compassion. Failing to meet AODA requirements may lead potential customers to shop elsewhere.

How to Know if Your Website Is AODA-Compliant

Checking your website against AODA standards can be done in several ways. Automated tools can scan your pages for some basic issues, like missing alt text or poor color contrast. However, these tools only catch part of the problem. A manual audit done by professionals offers deeper insight, finding subtle issues that automated scans often miss—like improper link descriptions or confusing page layouts.

The best approach is usually a mix of both:
- Automated Checks: Quick and helpful for spotting coding errors and missing tags.
- Human Review: Experts test your site with screen readers and other assistive technologies, ensuring a more complete analysis.
Steps to Remediate Accessibility Issues

Achieving AODA compliance is a journey rather than a one-time fix. Here are key steps to help your organization move forward:

Learn WCAG Standards

Study the WCAG 2.0 Level AA requirements. Focus on text contrast, alt text, keyboard navigation, and other essentials.

Run an Accessibility Audit

Use online tools or consult with 216digital for a thorough website review. A professional audit can uncover issues that might go unnoticed with basic scans.

Fix Identified Issues

Some problems can be solved with simple changes like adding alt text or adjusting font sizes. Others might need deeper code updates or rethinking your site’s design.

Train Your Team

If your staff isn’t aware of accessibility best practices, problems will keep popping up. Educate content writers, graphic designers, and developers about inclusive design.

Stay Up to Date

WCAG guidelines and AODA regulations can evolve over time. Keep checking official sources or partner with an accessibility-focused service provider.

Implement Ongoing Monitoring

Tools like 216digital’s a11y.Radar can help you spot and fix new issues before they become major obstacles for users with disabilities.

Conclusion

Meeting the requirements of the AODA isn’t just about avoiding fines—it’s about treating all people with fairness and respect. By making your website accessible, you open your virtual doors to a larger audience, improve your public image, and stay on the right side of the law. More than that, you make a real difference in the lives of those who rely on accessible websites to work, shop, learn, and connect.

If you’re not sure where to begin, start by assessing your site for AODA compliance through an automated and manual audit. From there, put together a plan to fix errors, train staff, and keep up with any changes in the rules. If you need extra support, reach out to specialists like 216digital for expert guidance—whether you want help running an audit or need hands-on assistance to resolve complex issues.

Remember, accessibility isn’t a box you check once; it’s an ongoing commitment that benefits everyone. By embracing the AODA and focusing on web accessibility, you’re doing more than following the law—you’re building a better future for all Ontario residents and online visitors alike.
Greg McNeil

April 1, 2025

Legal Compliance

Accessibility, Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act, accessibility laws, AODA, International Accessibility Laws, Website Accessibility
How to Improve UX for Cognitive Disabilities
Cognitive disabilities can significantly influence how people explore and interpret online information. In many cases, individuals struggle to process, remember, or make sense of digital content unless it is designed with clarity in mind. For example, someone on the autism spectrum might need a consistent and distraction-free interface, while a person with dyslexia could have trouble reading dense paragraphs of text.

Thinking about these needs right from the start of the design process can make your website more inclusive for everyone. Improving usability for people with cognitive disabilities is not only the right thing to do—it also helps you meet legal requirements like the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). Plus, it can boost your business by opening your site to a broader audience, leading to higher user satisfaction and stronger customer loyalty.

Our goal in this article is to outline practical tips that help web designers, developers, and content creators build better experiences for users with cognitive disabilities. Let’s begin by exploring the challenges these users often face.

What Are Cognitive Disabilities, and Who Do They Affect?

Cognitive disabilities are conditions that affect how a person processes, remembers, or understands information. They can take many different forms, from difficulties in reading and language comprehension to struggles with focus, memory, or problem-solving. Although each individual experiences these conditions differently, thoughtful design can make a significant difference in how they interact with digital platforms.

Conditions to Keep in Mind
- Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): Sensitive to sensory overload, prefers predictable layouts and calm environments.
- Dyslexia: Trouble reading and decoding words—clear fonts and layouts help a lot.
- ADHD: Easily distracted, especially on cluttered or busy websites.
- Dyscalculia: Difficulty working with numbers and completing financial tasks.
- Low Literacy: Struggles with reading complex or technical language.
- Short-Term Memory Issues: Finds it hard to follow long, multi-step instructions.
What Makes the Web Difficult to Use?

People with cognitive disabilities often face challenges when using digital content. Here are a few examples:
- Too Much Information: Crowded pages with lots of text or flashing images can feel overwhelming.
- Hard-to-Read Language: Long words or technical terms may confuse readers.
- Unclear Instructions: Vague directions can stop someone from completing a task.
- Tricky Navigation: Menus that change often or aren’t labeled well can make it hard to move around.
- Time Limits: People with cognitive disabilities may need more time to think or read.
By understanding these barriers, we can start designing websites that work better for everyone.

Design That Works: Simple Ways to Improve the Experience

You don’t need to be an expert to make a difference. Here are some easy ways to help users with cognitive disabilities feel more supported and confident online:

Clear and Simple Design Helps Users with Cognitive Disabilities
- Use Descriptive Labels: Clearly label buttons, links, and forms to reduce confusion.
- Maintain Consistency: Use consistent colors, fonts, and layouts to make your site predictable.
- Give Control to Users: Avoid auto-playing videos or endless scrolling; let users control animations.
- Provide Clear Instructions: Highlight required fields and clearly state what’s expected.
- Avoid Unnecessary Time Limits: Allow users with cognitive disabilities extra time or options to extend limits.
- Reduce Memory Demands: Enable copy-pasting for information like verification codes.
- Include Easy Help Options: Offer visible help buttons or live chat support.
Use Friendly and Simple Language
- Simplify Your Language: Use short sentences and avoid technical jargon to support users with cognitive disabilities.
- Write Short, Clear Sentences: Bullet points, short paragraphs, and lists make content easier to understand.
- Add Visual Aids: Icons, images, and short videos can explain content better.
- Offer Clear Error Messages: Clearly explain errors and solutions.
- Keep Terminology Consistent: Use the same words consistently to avoid confusion.
- Optimize Headings and Links: Use descriptive headings and link texts like “Learn more about cognitive disabilities.”
Create a Helpful Layout
- Break Down Tasks: Use steps and progress indicators for complex tasks.
- Use Clear Headings: Properly tag headings to organize content logically.
- Include Visual Cues: Highlight important information with bold text or icons, ensuring good color contrast.
- Use White Space: Space out text and visuals to prevent cognitive overload.
- Allow Customization: Enable users to adjust font sizes and hide unnecessary content.
Web Accessibility Testing for Cognitive Disabilities

Automated Tools Aren’t Enough

Automated tools are useful for catching technical errors but fall short when it comes to evaluating cognitive accessibility. They often miss confusing content or overwhelming layouts. Still, they’re a great place to start.

Tools like Google Lighthouse or WAVE by WebAIM can scan your site for issues such as inconsistent headings, missing form labels, and poor color contrast—factors that contribute to cognitive overload.

Prioritize User Testing

Real user feedback is crucial. Invite individuals with various cognitive disabilities to test your website. Use moderated sessions or remote tools like UserZoom, PlaybookUX, or Lookback to gather feedback. Watching how users interact with your site in real time offers insights that no automated scan can provide.

Commit to Continuous Improvement

Accessibility is not a one-time task—it requires regular attention and maintenance. Revisit your site routinely and re-test after updates to stay aligned with evolving standards. While automated scanners help flag issues, pairing them with ongoing human review ensures a more complete understanding of your site’s accessibility.

For long-term support, consider using an accessibility monitoring platform. A service like 216digital’s a11y.radar can help track accessibility over time, spot recurring problems, and support timely updates. Monitoring also provides valuable data to guide improvements and measure progress.

Keep It Simple, Keep It Kind

Designing with these challenges in mind is both a moral responsibility and a way to broaden your reach. By reducing cognitive load, simplifying language, and maintaining a well-organized layout, you can create a website that is easier to use and welcoming for people who face challenges with concentration, memory, or reading comprehension.

Remember that web accessibility is not just a one-time fix but an ongoing journey. Through regular testing, user feedback, and updates, you can keep your site aligned with modern accessibility standards and user expectations.

For businesses seeking expert guidance on making their digital experiences more accessible, 216digital offers tailored solutions that enhance usability and ensure compliance. By prioritizing users with cognitive disabilities, we foster an online world where everyone feels capable, respected, and included.

Every small step you take toward making your site more inclusive counts. By learning about best practices, applying user feedback, and reaching out for expert help when needed, you can build platforms that truly welcome and support all people—including those with cognitive disabilities.
Greg McNeil

March 31, 2025

The Benefits of Web Accessibility

Accessibility, cognitive disabilities, WCAG, Website Accessibility
Alt Text: Why Marketing Copy Hurts Accessibility
Have you ever hovered over an image on a webpage and noticed a small snippet of text appear? That text is called “alt text,” and it plays a powerful role in how people experience your site—especially those who rely on screen readers. Yet it often remains an afterthought. That’s a problem. When handled correctly, it not only helps visually impaired users understand your images, but it can also support your SEO goals. On the other hand, stuffing alt text with keywords or using it as hidden ad space can frustrate visitors and hurt your search rankings.

In this article, you’ll learn why alternative text matters, how it benefits both accessibility and SEO, and how to write it in a clear, concise, and helpful way rather than a spammy or sales-focused one. Whether you’re a solo entrepreneur, a web developer, or part of a digital marketing team, these principles will help you craft alt text that meets user needs without alienating search engines—or your audience.

Why Alt Text Matters

Imagine you’re shopping for a laptop case online, and you can’t see the product images. Screen reader users rely on alt text to “hear” what’s happening in each image, from color to texture. If it is nothing more than “Get the best laptop case here,” that user is left with zero details about the product. They might simply leave for a site that offers the information they need. When you write alt text that clearly states “Black leather laptop case with a zipper and handle,” you empower all customers, including those with visual impairments, to make informed decisions.

SEO Wins

Search engines analyze alt text to better understand what each image represents. This can give your site a leg up in search rankings for relevant queries. However, algorithms have grown smart enough to recognize keyword-stuffed or spammy text. If your alt text reads like a desperate attempt to shoehorn “laptop case” 10 times, you might do more harm than good. Concise, descriptive text helps Google and other search engines match your site with the people who genuinely want to find your products.

Common Alt Text Pitfalls

Keyword Overuse

It can be tempting to sneak in extra keywords to boost SEO. But endless repetition—like “car seat protector, seat protector for cars, vinyl seat protector”—makes the text clunky and unhelpful. Search algorithms can detect spammy patterns, and users who rely on screen readers will find the repetition tedious or confusing.

Marketing Copy Disguised as Descriptions

Some site owners treat alt text fields as free ad space, writing something like:

“Our top-selling leather laptop case, now 20% off! Don’t miss this exclusive deal—buy today!“

While it may read like a catchy tagline, it doesn’t describe the image. A screen reader user learns nothing about color, texture, or design. Plus, Google doesn’t benefit from vague promotional language and might even flag your page as low-quality.

Empty or Missing Alt Text

Perhaps the biggest mistake is neglecting alt text entirely. In that case, a screen reader user hears nothing—just empty space—making it impossible to engage with or understand the image. If a product image is critical to your sales, that’s a huge missed opportunity.

Repeating “Image of”

Screen readers already announce that an element is an image. If your alt text says “Image of a black laptop case,” it’s redundant. Jump straight to the essential details: “Black leather laptop case with a zipper and handle.”

Writing Alt Text the Right Way

Focus on Real Descriptions

The primary function of alt text is to describe the image so someone can visualize it through words. For a black vinyl car seat protector, a simple yet complete phrase might be:

“Black vinyl seat protector on the driver’s seat with a zippered pocket.”

This gives useful details while remaining concise—no filler like “best seat protector,” no repeated keywords, and no promotional language.

Keep It Concise Yet Informative

Alt text generally doesn’t need to be more than one or two short sentences. Offer key details without overwhelming the user. For a laptop case, mentioning the color, material, and whether it has a handle or zipper is usually enough. Screen reader users just need the essentials to identify or comprehend the image.

Context Is Important

If the image has a functional role—like a button or a link—clarify that. For instance, if users click an image to add a product to their cart:

“Add to cart button for black vinyl seat protector”

This way, a screen reader announces the function, not just the object in the image.

Skip Redundant Phrases

Screen readers typically announce that an element is an image, so writing “Image of” or “Graphic showing” is unnecessary. Go straight into the description. It keeps your text short and saves valuable time for the user.

The Real-World Impact of Bad Alt Text

Frustrating Users

When alt text is stuffed with marketing copy or random keywords, it becomes meaningless for users with visual impairments. They hear a repetitive sales pitch instead of valuable information. This frustration often leads them to abandon your site, which hurts your brand image—and your bottom line.

Possible Legal Ramifications

In an era of heightened focus on digital accessibility, businesses risk legal consequences by not meeting basic standards. Some organizations have faced lawsuits for failing to include alt text. While legal outcomes vary by location and industry, it’s best to be proactive.

Lower Search Engine Rankings

Search engines want to display content that offers value. If your alt text is obviously spammy or unhelpful, algorithms may penalize your pages or push them further down the results. A high bounce rate—where users leave quickly due to poor user experience—also signals to Google that your site isn’t meeting visitor needs.

Practical Steps to Improve Your Alt Text

Conduct an Alt Text Audit

Start by reviewing your site for missing or poor-quality alt text. Tools like the WAVE Web Accessibility Evaluation Tool highlight potential issues. Many SEO platforms also include site audits that can reveal duplicated alternative text text or keyword stuffing.

Leverage AI Judiciously

AI can be a lifesaver if you have thousands of product images. Tools like Google Vision offer automated descriptions, but they’re not always accurate. AI might misidentify colors or add superfluous words, so always review automatically generated alt text for accuracy and clarity.

Follow Recognized Guidelines

The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) provide standardized advice on writing effective alternative. Aim to:
- Describe the image’s important details.
- Keep it concise.
- Skip filler words like “picture of.”
- Use empty alt text (alt=" ") for purely decorative images that don’t add information.
Test with Real Users

Whenever possible, invite screen reader users to test your site. No automated tool can replace real feedback from people who use assistive technology daily. They’ll quickly tell you if your alt text is too vague, too repetitive, or missing crucial details. Their firsthand insights can highlight any confusion or gaps.

Best Practices at a Glance
- Prioritize clarity: Let users know exactly what they’re “seeing” through your words.
- Stick to relevant details: Think color, material, function, or context—not ad slogans.
- Limit keywords: A single, well-placed keyword can assist SEO. Overuse can sabotage it.
- Adapt to the image: Product angles differ, so describe each image’s unique perspective.
- Check surrounding text: If “black laptop case” appears in the product name next to the image, you may not need to repeat it in the alt text.
Conclusion

In today’s competitive online environment, you can’t afford to overlook the importance of alt text. A single line of well-chosen words can be the difference between an inclusive, intuitive user experience and a site that feels incomplete to a significant segment of your audience. By writing concise, descriptive alt text—free from keyword stuffing and promotional fluff—you create a more welcoming website and help search engines better understand your content.

If you’re ready to enhance your site’s accessibility while protecting its SEO standing, consider partnering with 216digital. We’ll help you fine-tune your alt text (and the rest of your site) so that every visitor, whether they see your images or hear them described, gets the information they need. Embracing accessibility and clarity isn’t just the right thing to do—it’s also a savvy move for your online presence.
Greg McNeil

March 28, 2025

The Benefits of Web Accessibility

Accessibility, Alt text, How-to, Image Alt Text, Marketing, SEO, WCAG, Website Accessibility
Accordion Accessibility: Common Issues & Fixes
Organizing content effectively on the web is about more than just layout—it’s about usability and inclusivity. When users are forced to scroll through long pages of uninterrupted text, the experience becomes inefficient and frustrating.

Enter accordion components: interactive UI elements that allow content sections to be expanded or collapsed. When implemented correctly, accordion accessibility streamlines navigation and improves content organization. However, if accessibility is overlooked, these helpful components can quickly become barriers.

This guide explores how to design accessible accordion components that enhance the user experience and meet all users’ needs—regardless of their abilities. We’ll cover best practices for structure, semantics, ARIA attributes, keyboard support, and implementation strategies to help you build inclusive, user-friendly interfaces.

Why Accordion Accessibility Matters

Accordions are essential: they reduce visual clutter and allow users to interact with content on their terms. Whether it’s an FAQ page, a product feature breakdown, or technical documentation, accordions help surface only the content that matters at the moment.

However, it’s crucial to remember that not all users interact with content similarly. Screen reader users, keyboard-only users, and others with varying access needs must be able to operate accordions just as easily as those using a mouse or touchscreen. Accessible design isn’t just a nice-to-have—it’s an essential component of responsible development.

The Building Blocks of an Accordion Accessibility-Friendly Component

1. Structure: Header and Panel

Every accordion should be composed of two core parts:

Header (Trigger)

A clickable element (typically a <button>) that users activate to show or hide content. It usually includes a descriptive label and may feature visual indicators like arrows or plus/minus icons.

Panel (Content)

The content is associated with the header. It should be hidden from view and keyboard focus when collapsed and fully accessible when expanded.

For effective accordion accessibility, each header must be clearly linked to its corresponding panel—visually for sighted users and programmatically for assistive technologies.

2. Keyboard Navigation

One of the most common accessibility pitfalls with accordion components is insufficient keyboard support. If users can’t operate your interface without a mouse, it’s not accessible.

Your accordion must support the following interactions:
- Tab / Shift + Tab: Move between focusable elements, including accordion headers.
- Enter or Space: Expand or collapse the currently focused header.
- Arrow Up / Arrow Down: Navigate between accordion headers.
- Home / End: Jump to the first or last header within the accordion group.
By supporting these interactions, you ensure that keyboard users have the same level of control as mouse users.

3. Use Semantic HTML

Semantic HTML provides the backbone of accessibility. It ensures assistive technologies can understand the structure and function of your content without additional cues.

Best Practices for Accordion Accessibility
- Use heading elements (<h3>, <h4>, etc.) to maintain the document outline.
- Place a <button> inside the heading to toggle visibility.
- Wrap panel content in a <div> that follows its associated button.
Why <button> and not <div> or <a>?

Buttons are keyboard-focusable by default, accessible to screen readers, and support interactions like Enter and Space. Enter and Space. If you rely on <div> or <a> for toggling, you’ll need extra code to achieve the same level of accordion accessibility.

4. Implementing ARIA Attributes

ARIA (Accessible Rich Internet Applications) attributes enhance accessibility when native HTML doesn’t fully express an element’s role or state. In custom accordions, these attributes help communicate dynamic behavior to assistive technologies.

ARIA Attributes for Accordion Accessibility
- aria-expanded: Indicates the panel’s expanded (true) or collapsed (false) state. Applied to the button.
- aria-controls: Points to the id of the panel controlled by the button.
- aria-labelledby: Applied to the panel, this links it back to its header button for context.
- aria-hidden:Use decorative icons or non-informative content to prevent screen readers from announcing them.
These attributes ensure that screen reader users receive clear, relevant information about the accordion’s behavior and structure.

Implementation Examples

Option 1: Native HTML with <details> and <summary>

For a semantic-first approach, HTML offers a native accordion-like behavior:
```
<details>
  <summary>Shipping Information</summary>
  <div>
    <p>We offer free shipping on orders over $50...</p>
  </div>
</details>
```
Pros
- Minimal code
- Built-in keyboard support
- Accessible by default in modern browsers
Cons
- Styling can be limited
- Inconsistent support across all assistive technologies
This is a great lightweight option for simple use cases but may fall short in more complex interfaces.

Option 2: Custom JavaScript Accordion with ARIA

If you need more control, a custom accordion allows full styling and behavior management—just be sure to handle accordion accessibility properly.

HTML Structure
```
<h3>
  <button aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="panel1" id="accordion1">
    Shipping Info
  </button>
</h3>
<div id="panel1" role="region" aria-labelledby="accordion1" hidden>
  <p>We offer free shipping on orders over $50...</p>
</div>
```
JavaScript snippet
```
const buttons = document.querySelectorAll('button[aria-expanded]'); buttons.forEach((button) => { const toggleAccordion = () => { const expanded = button.getAttribute('aria-expanded') === 'true'; button.setAttribute('aria-expanded', String(!expanded)); const panel = document.getElementById(button.getAttribute('aria-controls')); panel.hidden = expanded; }; button.addEventListener('click', toggleAccordion); button.addEventListener('keydown', (event) => { if (event.key === 'Enter') { toggleAccordion(); } }); });
```
This implementation not only handles basic interaction but also improves navigation for keyboard users. Combined with semantic structure and ARIA, it creates a robust and inclusive experience.

Best Practices to Keep in Mind
- Use Clear Labels: Avoid generic labels like “Section 1.” Use descriptive headers that make sense out of context.
- Provide Visual Cues: Arrows or plus/minus icons help users understand that a section is expandable. Consider animations that reinforce open/close behavior.
- Maintain Focus Indicators: Never remove focus outlines unless you’re replacing them with custom indicators that are just as visible.
- Be Selective with Accordions: Don’t hide critical content. It should be visible by default if the information is essential (e.g., pricing, legal disclaimers).
Testing Accessibility

Even well-intended implementations can miss the mark without testing. Include accessibility testing as part of your development workflow:
- Keyboard-Only Testing: Navigate the accordion entirely by keyboard.
- Screen Reader Testing: Use tools like NVDA, JAWS, or VoiceOver to check for correct announcements.
- Automated Tools: Run your component through tools like WAVE, or Lighthouse to identify missing attributes or ARIA misuse.
- Manual Code Review: Double-check that all attributes, labels, and roles are properly implemented.
Final Thoughts

Accessible accordions do more than organize content—they foster a better, more inclusive web. By prioritizing structure, semantics, ARIA roles, and thoughtful interaction design, you empower all users to engage with your content meaningfully.

If you’re unsure where to start or want to ensure your components meet accessibility standards, consider working with an experienced accessibility partner like 216digital. We specialize in helping teams build digital experiences that work for everyone—by default, and with accordion accessibility baked in.
Greg McNeil

March 27, 2025

How-to Guides

Accessibility, accordion, accordion accessibility, How-to, web developers, web development, Website Accessibility
How WCAG 1.3.1 Supports Cognitive Disabilities
Have you ever landed on a website where everything feels jumbled and disorganized? You’re left scrolling and clicking aimlessly, struggling to find exactly what you’re looking for. While that’s frustrating for anyone, imagine how overwhelming it can be for people who live with cognitive disabilities—conditions that impact concentration, memory, and decision-making.

That’s exactly why WCAG 1.3.1 exists—to help make sure your website’s information is structured clearly enough for everyone, including those using assistive technologies, to understand it. WCAG 1.3.1 ensures your site’s headings, labels, lists, and content flow are similarly clear, logical, and user-friendly.

Considering more than 10% of U.S. adults experience cognitive disabilities, overlooking these details can unintentionally exclude a significant audience from fully engaging with your site. By understanding and applying WCAG 1.3.1, you’ll create a digital space that feels welcoming and intuitive for everyone—no matter how they access your content.

What Is WCAG Success Criterion 1.3.1?

WCAG 1.3.1 is part of the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.0 at Level A, falling under the “Perceivable” category. If that sounds a bit abstract, think of it like sorting a stack of papers into clearly labeled folders. Without labels or folders, everything’s just a heap of documents. That’s no fun for anyone—especially when you’re in a rush to find something specific.

In web terms, WCAG 1.3.1 means your headings, lists, and form labels should make sense both visually and in the background code. This way, a screen reader can “see” the right order of information. If you’re only styling text to make it bold or bigger instead of using proper headings, you might be leaving people who rely on assistive technology in the dark.

A well-structured site is like a neatly organized book: each section has a clear title, bullet points highlight the big ideas, and you don’t have to guess where to look next.

But here’s the important part: WCAG 1.3.1 goes beyond just how things look. It ensures that the underlying relationships in your content—like which label belongs to which form field—are crystal clear to anyone using a screen reader or navigating with a keyboard. It’s basically an invitation for everyone to participate comfortably, no matter what tools they use to browse.

How WCAG 1.3.1 Supports Individuals with Cognitive Disabilities

Before diving into specific tips, let’s talk a bit about what cognitive disabilities actually are. These cover a wide range of challenges with attention, memory, problem-solving, and more. Here are a few common examples, along with how WCAG 1.3.1 makes their digital lives easier:

ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder)

People with ADHD might find it really tough to focus if a page is cluttered or if the layout changes all the time. Too many pop-ups, ads, or random bold headings can be a nightmare.

By keeping a consistent layout, using proper headings, and breaking text into smaller chunks, you give users with ADHD fewer distractions so they can quickly find what they need.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

Some individuals on the autism spectrum thrive on predictability. Sudden layout changes or bright, blinking ads can cause stress or confusion.

Predictable navigation, clearly marked headings, and removing “visual clutter” create a smoother, calmer experience. When you group information logically, it’s like giving users a map that helps them explore your site at their own pace.

Dyslexia

Large blocks of unbroken text can be overwhelming for someone with dyslexia. Inconsistent fonts or formatting can make reading even harder.

Clear headings, logical order, and bullet points break down the content into manageable pieces. This lets readers focus on one idea at a time instead of getting lost in a long wall of text.

Remember, WCAG 1.3.1 isn’t just a fancy acronym. It’s a set of principles that tell you how to code and structure your site so people with various cognitive disabilities—and really, all people—can find what they’re looking for without extra stress.

Best Practices to Implement WCAG 1.3.1

Use Proper HTML Markup
- Headings (<h1> to <h6>): Mark each section appropriately. It’s like having chapters and sub-chapters in a well-organized book.
- Lists (<ul>, <ol>, <li>): Want to highlight key points or steps in a process? Use real list tags. These help people scan for main ideas.
- Tables (<th>, <caption>): If you share data, make sure tables have clear headers, so screen readers can point out each column accurately.
- Form Labels (<label> for <input>): Even a small tweak—like changing “Email” to “Email Address”—can help a lot.
Make Labels and Associations Meaningful
- Descriptive Form Labels: Be specific. “Name” could mean first name, last name, or both. “Full Name” is clearer and reduces guesswork for users who rely on assistive tools.
- Grouping Related Form Elements: If you’re asking for billing and shipping information, use <fieldset> and <legend> to separate them. It’s like labeling two different drawers in the same cabinet.
Keep a Logical Reading Order
- Match Visual and Code Order: If your page appears in a certain order visually, make sure the code follows that same flow. That way, screen readers read the content in the correct sequence.
- Avoid Layout Tables: Using tables to position content might scramble the reading order for assistive technologies. Stick to headings, sections, and CSS for layout.
- Check CSS: Sometimes, fancy layouts shift elements around so that a screen reader says one thing while you’re visually seeing something else.
Allow Alternative Navigation Methods
- Use ARIA Landmarks: Elements like <nav>, <main>, and <aside> tell assistive tools what each section is for.
- Keyboard Accessibility: Make sure users can reach all buttons and links by using the Tab key. Some folks don’t or can’t use a mouse.
Common Mistakes to Watch Out For

Depending on Style Instead of Structure

For instance, using large bold text to indicate a heading but never actually marking it with <h2> or <h3>.

Overloading with Unstructured Content

Huge paragraphs with no headings, lists, or visual breaks can make reading a challenge for anyone, let alone someone with a cognitive disability.

Skipping Testing

Even if your code looks good, testing with screen readers or keyboard-only setups can reveal hidden problems. If possible, invite real users with disabilities to test your site and share feedback.

Better Structure Means Better Accessibility

When you boil it all down, WCAG 1.3.1 is about one key idea: making your content easy to understand and navigate. By using proper headings, clear labels, and logical order, you’re welcoming people with ADHD, ASD, dyslexia, and other cognitive disabilities into a space where they can comfortably engage with your content. And really, that’s a win for everyone. A well-organized site helps users who don’t have disabilities, too, because it’s simply easier to use.

If you want to stay ahead in the accessibility world, WCAG 1.3.1 is a great place to start. It doesn’t have to be a big, daunting project, either. Sometimes, small changes—like adding more headings or re-labeling form fields—can make a huge difference in someone’s online experience.

If you’re ready to optimize your site’s structure for everyone’s benefit, 216digital can guide you through each step. Our team will help you make sure your site meets WCAG 1.3.1 standards without losing any of your own unique style or branding.
Greg McNeil

March 26, 2025

WCAG Compliance

Accessibility, WCAG, WCAG Compliance, WCAG conformance, Web Accessibility
How to Make Your Marketing More Accessible

You know how important marketing is already. But the real question is: Who’s not getting your message?

It’s easy to assume your carefully crafted campaigns are reaching everyone—but are they? What about someone using a screen reader? Or someone experiencing cognitive overload from flashing images or cluttered layouts?

You’re already working with engagement rates, algorithms, and design trends if you’re a marketer or content creator. So why do you need to worry about accessibility, too? Because accessible marketing is not optional—it’s necessary if you want to reach more, protect your brand, and build more trust.

Let’s parse out the ways that accessibility intersects with marketing now—and how it actually puts you ahead in terms of competition.

Why Accessibility Matters in Marketing

Grow Your Audience—Organically

Consider this: nearly 16% of people globally possess a disability that affects how they use the internet. If your content or site isn’t accessible, you’re missing out on a significant portion of your audience. Adding accessible marketing helps those individuals, but it also has the effect of simplifying and enhancing the experience for all, making your brand more desirable and accessible.

Improve Your Brand’s Credibility

Audiences today notice—and appreciate—brands that are concerned with being inclusive. Brands like Microsoft and Apple have established trust by being considerate and inclusive behaviors. By adopting accessible marketing, you’re broadcasting a message loud and clear: you genuinely care about your audience. That sincerity boosts customer loyalty and turns customers into brand ambassadors.

Get a Natural SEO Boost

Here’s a practical advantage: accessible marketing tends to coincide with SEO best practices. Descriptive text and clear, well-structured content help search engines and assistive technologies comprehend your content better. By making your site more accessible, you’ll not only enhance user experience but also perhaps enhance your search result visibility.

Stay Compliant and Reduce Risk

You’re probably familiar with accessibility laws like the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and guidelines such as Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG). Ignoring these standards can lead to serious legal consequences—something no brand wants to face. By integrating accessible marketing into your strategies, you proactively avoid these risks, protecting your business and its reputation.

Website Accessibility Tips

Make Your Content Easy to Navigate

Attempt to use only the Tab key to navigate through your site. Is it easy and self-evident? Good usage of headings (H1, H2, H3) isn’t all about design appearance—it helps users navigate without hindrance, especially those who rely on assistive technologies.

Always Add Alt Text to Images

Alt text is a short description of an image. Screen readers use this text to describe the image aloud for people who can’t see it. For example, if you have a photo of a smiling person holding a dog, your alt text could say, “A woman holding a small brown dog and laughing.”

When writing alt text, be clear and concise. Provide enough information so someone can imagine the picture if they can’t see it. This step takes only a few seconds per image, but it goes a long way in making sure everyone can follow along.

Use Clear Language and Short Sentences

Plain language is your friend. It cuts out fluff and makes your message easier to understand. Not everyone enjoys reading long paragraphs loaded with big words. Simple wording often performs better because people grasp the idea quickly. Then, they can respond, share, or buy without confusion.

Try to limit long sentences. If a sentence feels like it’s going on forever, break it into two. This helps your audience read faster and makes screen readers work better.

Check Keyboard Navigation and Focus Indicators

Not everybody is a mouse user. Well-designed visible keyboard focus indicators make it easy for users with keyboard navigation or assistive device users to access your site with ease.

Be Careful With Animated Content

Animated or blinking content can be distracting or even harmful to some users. When you use animations, always provide an easy way to pause or disable them.

Social Media Accessibility Best Practices

Alt Text Isn’t Just for Websites

Image descriptions (alt text) are supported by most social media platforms these days. Make it a habit—you’re taking a simple step toward accessible marketing.

Format Hashtags Clearly

Hashtags like #MarketingTips2023 (all capitals) are more screen-reader friendly than all-lowercase counterparts, increasing accessibility right away.

Limit Emoji Usage

Emojis are great, but they should be used only sparingly. Excessive emoji usage will provide messy audio experiences for screen reader users.

Tag Your Links with Care

“Click Here” is useless. Descriptive words like “Find our latest products” will all inform users properly of the intent of the link.

Multimedia Accessibility Strategies

Use Captions and Transcripts

Video marketing is a big part of many brands’ strategies. But some viewers are deaf or hard of hearing. Others can’t use sound at certain times, like when they’re in a library or a busy coffee shop. Closed captions let them follow the video’s message without hearing the audio.

A transcript is also helpful. It’s a written version of all the spoken words and important sounds in a video. Transcripts help search engines pick up on your keywords. This gives an added SEO boost.

Add Audio Descriptions

Audio descriptions explain to visually impaired viewers what they are missing. This action unequivocally demonstrates your brand’s commitment to accessible marketing.

Making Accessibility a Habit

Make Accessibility Part of Your Workflow

Accessibility need not be a burden. Incorporate it into your regular content creation processes—train personnel, prep checklists, and add accessibility into every campaign plan. Accessible marketing will be second nature in no time.

Regularly Improve

Accessibility is not set-and-forget. Regular testing with tools like WAVE or Lighthouse and feedback from real-life assistive tech users ensures that your marketing remains effective and inclusive.

Closing the Conversion Gap

Marketing is all about creating a connection—and that connection isn’t whole if parts of your audience are left behind. By committing to accessible marketing, you’re committing to better communication, more active relationships, and more relevant experiences for each and every individual who comes into contact with your brand.

So, how do you begin? Take what you already do so well and add accessibility to it. Utilize it to inform the way you design, write, and present content. And when you need advice, we at 216digital can keep everything in rhythm, accessible to everyone, and effective.

Great marketing is not just something that is seen or heard – it’s something that’s felt by everyone.

Greg McNeil

March 24, 2025

How-to Guides, The Benefits of Web Accessibility, Web Accessibility Training

Accessibility, Digital Marketing, Marketing, Web Accessibility, Website Accessibility
How to Make Websites Accessible for Cognitive Disabilities
When was the last time you visited a website and ended up completely confused? Maybe it had flashing ads, a messy layout, or awkwardly placed menus. Now, imagine dealing with this sort of frustration on almost every site you visit—because your brain processes information a bit differently. Unfortunately, that’s the daily experience for many individuals. With 13.9 percent of U.S. adults having some sort of cognitive disability, this leaves millions of Americans unable to navigate the web.

In this article, we’ll explore how cognitive disabilities affect web usage, the challenges they pose, and how you can adjust your design to be more welcoming. The good news is that creating a more inclusive website doesn’t have to be complicated. Small tweaks, like adding clear labels or allowing extra time to complete tasks, can have a massive impact. Let’s dive in!

Understanding Cognitive Disabilities

Cognitive disabilities influence how someone interprets and processes information. They can affect attention span, memory, comprehension, problem-solving skills, or social interactions. The impact varies from person to person, but there are shared themes. Some individuals may need larger text and simpler language, while others might require more time or predictable page layouts. Although these needs may differ, the core principle remains the same: clarity is key.

Generally, cognitive disabilities can be divided into two main groups:
- Functional Cognitive Disabilities: These conditions might be less severe but can still disrupt daily routines. Examples include learning disabilities, ADD/ADHD, dyslexia, or dyscalculia.
- Clinical Cognitive Disabilities: These tend to be more profound or long-term, such as autism spectrum disorder, traumatic brain injury, Down syndrome, dementia, and Alzheimer’s disease. In all cases, designing websites with an emphasis on simplicity, structure, and user-friendly navigation goes a long way.
Common Types of Cognitive Disabilities and Their Effects

Each type of cognitive disability can pose different obstacles online. Here are a few examples:
- Dyslexia: Reading difficulties, especially with dense paragraphs.
- ADHD: Hard time focusing on cluttered or rapidly changing pages.
- Dyscalculia: Challenges with numeric or math-heavy tasks, such as checkout forms.
- Auditory Processing Disorder: Struggles with audio content lacking captions.
- Visual Processing Disorder: Difficulty interpreting complex visuals or layouts.
- Memory Impairments: Problems recalling steps in sequences, like multi-page forms.
- Autism Spectrum Disorder: Sensory overload triggered by certain fonts, colors, or animations.
How These Disabilities Affect Web Usage

It’s important to remember that cognitive disabilities manifest uniquely in each person. Designing with clarity and adaptability ensures a broader audience can engage more comfortably. Ordinary tasks such as ordering groceries or completing a job application become far more accessible when pages are uncluttered and navigation is logical. To achieve this, adopting user-centered methods and testing your designs can reveal hidden issues.

Key Challenges for Cognitive Accessibility

Overwhelming Cognitive Load

We’ve all seen websites that feel like a newspaper glued onto your screen—crammed text, ads, sidebars, and banners everywhere you look. Users with cognitive disabilities often struggle to pick out the key information on such pages. Even something as simple as bulleted lists or subheadings can help prevent that sense of overload.

Navigation Barriers

If you’ve ever clicked a menu and had zero idea where to go next, you know how frustrating poor navigation can be. Sites with unclear or hidden menus, inconsistent layouts, and random page names create extra hurdles for people with cognitive disabilities. Offering a straightforward menu, a search bar, and a site map will help all users feel in control.

Complex Forms and Inputs

Nobody likes forms that ask too many questions—but for people with cognitive disabilities, it’s even tougher. Vague field labels, surprise questions, and steps that rely on memory can cause confusion and mistakes. Straightforward instructions and friendly error messages can turn a chore into a breeze.

Inconsistent or Distracting Design Elements

Blinking ads, auto-refreshing slideshows, and colors that clash might grab attention, but they can also distract or confuse someone who’s trying hard to focus. Inconsistent layouts—like having the search bar in a different place on each page—can also leave users guessing. Keeping things steady and predictable is a win for all.

Time-Sensitive Tasks

You’re halfway through a form, trying to enter your address, and suddenly, you get logged out. Then you lose everything you typed. That’s annoying for anyone, but imagine if it happens often because you need more time to read or type. Flexible time limits and a warning before logging out can ease this pressure and show respect for different reading or typing speeds.

WCAG Guidelines for Cognitive Accessibility

The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) were created to help make the internet more usable for everyone—including people with disabilities. Developed by the W3C, these guidelines lay out best practices for building websites that are easier to navigate, read, and interact with. While WCAG covers a wide range of needs, it’s especially helpful when it comes to supporting people with cognitive disabilities.

For individuals who struggle with memory, attention, problem-solving, or language processing, small design choices can make a big difference. WCAG 2.2 includes updates that directly address those needs—like giving users more time to finish tasks, making instructions clearer, and cutting down on distractions that might make it hard to focus.

Think of WCAG as a toolkit that helps you build a site that’s more inclusive and user-friendly.

Tried-and-True Practices for Cognitive Accessibility

Clear, Concise Content
- Straightforward Language: Write like you’re speaking to a friend while still being professional—jargon should be explained if it’s absolutely necessary.
- Short Paragraphs and Lists: Make it easy to skim by breaking text into sections. Bullet points and short paragraphs help focus attention.
- Thoughtful Headings: Headings provide a quick roadmap of the page. They’re also handy for anyone using a screen reader to jump between sections.
- Text Alternatives: Use alt text for images and captions for video so people who struggle with visual or auditory processing can still follow along.
Straightforward Navigation
- Consistency: Keep your menus, logos, and search bar in the same spots on every page. This predictability helps people know exactly where to look.
- Descriptive Labels: Instead of a generic “Learn More,” say something like “View Our Product Line.” Users shouldn’t have to guess where a link will take them.
- Avoid Sudden Refreshes: If the page absolutely must reload or update automatically, let the user know beforehand—or give them control.
Forms That Don’t Confuse
- Explain Each Step: If the form is long or complex, provide a brief overview of why you need this info and how to fill it out.
- Group Fields Logically: Put personal info in one section, payment details in another, and label each field clearly.
- Useful Error Messages: “Invalid entry” doesn’t really help. “Please enter a valid email address” is much clearer.
- Password Manager Support: Some people can’t remember lots of usernames and passwords—avoid any code that interferes with auto-filled credentials.
Reducing Distractions
- Clean Layouts: Keep a consistent, minimal approach to layout, with important info easy to find.
- Minimal Animations: Flashing images or pop-up ads can be overwhelming, especially for people with ADHD or autism. If animation is crucial, give users a way to pause or hide it.
- Customization Options: If possible, let visitors adjust text size, contrast, or spacing so they can create a more comfortable reading environment.
Tackling Time Constraints
- Extend Session Times: If your site automatically logs people out, give them a warning and a way to keep going.
- Auto-Save: Nothing is more discouraging than losing everything after spending 15 minutes filling out a form. An auto-save feature can be a lifesaver.
- Flexible Deadlines: If a task or process has a time requirement, consider allowing extra time or offering a simple way to request it.
Helping with Memory and Task Completion
- Familiar Icons: A magnifying glass for search is universally recognized—using something obscure forces a visitor to learn new symbols.
- Progress Bars: For multi-step tasks, let users see how far they’ve come and how much is left. This can ease anxiety and keep them moving forward.
- Save Preferences: Whether it’s language settings or preferred font sizes, remember these choices so returning visitors don’t have to redo them.
Testing and Ongoing Refinements
- Automatic Tools: Programs like Google Lighthouse or WAVE can highlight accessibility problems, but they’re no substitute for real testing.
- Manual Checks: Try your site with screen readers or text-to-speech software. It might reveal a few blind spots.
- Ask Real Users: Feedback from people who live with cognitive disabilities is invaluable. They’ll notice details or problems that might slip by everyone else.
- Regular Updates: Technology and standards keep evolving. Plan a routine review of your site’s accessibility features, so you stay ahead of any issues.
Making Web Accessibility a Priority

Making a website more accessible for people with cognitive disabilities doesn’t require a complete overhaul—it starts with awareness and intentional design. When you prioritize clarity, predictability, and flexibility, you’re not just meeting the needs of some users; you’re improving usability for everyone who visits your site. Every adjustment, from a well-placed heading to a thoughtful timeout warning, can make a meaningful difference.

If you’re unsure where to start or how to move forward, 216digital is here to help. We work with businesses of all sizes to identify gaps, implement best practices, and build experiences that are truly usable—by everyone. Accessibility isn’t a one-time fix, it’s an ongoing commitment—and we’re ready to walk that path with you.
Greg McNeil

March 20, 2025

WCAG Compliance

Accessibility, cognitive disabilities, WCAG, WCAG Compliance, WCAG conformance, Website Accessibility

Why Accessibility Matters in E-Commerce

Making Your Shopping Cart Work for Everyone

Add Clear Labels (Yes, Even for Buttons)

Let People Update Cart Items Without Guesswork

Show Helpful Feedback When Things Go Wrong

Shipping Forms That Are Easy to Use (and Easy to Navigate)

Use Straightforward, Consistent Labels

Make Sure Users Can Tab Through Fields Logically

Show Errors Clearly and Offer Suggestions

Designing a Payment Flow That’s Smooth and Inclusive

Offer More Than One Way to Pay

If You Use CAPTCHAs, Make Them Accessible

Choose Accessible Payment Gateways

Don’t Let Product Filters Be a Barrier

Make Filters Keyboard-Friendly

Let Users Know What Filters Are Applied

Stick to Native HTML Controls When Possible

Testing and Validating Your Work

Start with Automated Tools (But Don’t Stop There)

Test Manually with Real Assistive Tech

Get Feedback from Real Users

Small Fixes, Big Impact

What Is Alt Text?

What Are Image Descriptions?

Alt Tags vs. Image Descriptions: Key Differences

How Image Descriptions Support Both Accessibility and SEO

Tips

SEO Pitfalls That Undermine Accessibility

Here’s What to Avoid

A Better Approach

Why Accessibility Must Come First

Best Practices for Writing Accessible Image Descriptions

The Role of Content Creators, Developers, and Marketers

A Better Internet Starts with Better Habits

What Is an Overlay, Really?

The AI Smokescreen

The Real Risks of Relying on Overlays

What Real Accessibility Looks Like

Expert-Led Accessibility Works

Don’t Fall for AI Accessibility Platform

A Quick Overview: What Is the AODA?

Why was the AODA Needed?

The 5 Standards of the AODA

Customer Service

Information and Communications

Employment

Transportation

Design of Public Spaces

AODA and Web Accessibility Requirements

Core Elements of Compliance

AODA Enforcement and Penalties: What’s at Stake?

How to Know if Your Website Is AODA-Compliant

Steps to Remediate Accessibility Issues

Learn WCAG Standards

Run an Accessibility Audit

Fix Identified Issues

Train Your Team

Stay Up to Date

Implement Ongoing Monitoring

Conclusion

What Are Cognitive Disabilities, and Who Do They Affect?

Conditions to Keep in Mind

What Makes the Web Difficult to Use?

Design That Works: Simple Ways to Improve the Experience

Clear and Simple Design Helps Users with Cognitive Disabilities

Use Friendly and Simple Language

Create a Helpful Layout

Web Accessibility Testing for Cognitive Disabilities

Automated Tools Aren’t Enough

Prioritize User Testing

Commit to Continuous Improvement

Keep It Simple, Keep It Kind

Why Alt Text Matters

SEO Wins

Common Alt Text Pitfalls

Keyword Overuse

Marketing Copy Disguised as Descriptions

Empty or Missing Alt Text

Repeating “Image of”

Writing Alt Text the Right Way

Why `<button>` and not `<div>` or `<a>`?

Option 1: Native HTML with `<details>` and `<summary>`