For millions of people with visual impairments, screen readers like Job Access With Speech (JAWS) are essential for navigating the digital world. According to a 2024 WebAIM survey, JAWS continues to lead the way as one of the most widely used screen readers, with 41% of respondents relying on it—outpacing other tools like NonVisual Desktop Access (NVDA) and Apple VoiceOver.

If you’re focused on building an accessible digital experience, incorporating screen reader testing into your workflow is a must. Not only does it help you create a more inclusive website, but it also supports compliance with accessibility laws like the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), WCAG standards, and more.

In this guide, we’ll break down how to use JAWS for accessibility testing, explore essential commands, and share tips for improving your website’s usability. But first, a quick look at what makes it such a powerful tool.

What is JAWS?

JAWS, developed by Freedom Scientific, is a screen reader that converts on-screen text into speech or braille for users who are blind or visually impaired. It allows users to navigate websites, applications, and documents without needing to see the screen.

JAWS is one of the most popular screen readers globally, making it an essential tool for web accessibility testing. By simulating how users rely on assistive technologies, JAWS helps you identify barriers that may prevent someone from fully engaging with your website.

Why is JAWS Essential for Accessibility Testing?

Accessibility testing is about ensuring everyone, regardless of ability, can interact with your website. JAWS plays a vital role in this process because:

• Real-World Simulation: JAWS mimics how many visually impaired users experience the web, allowing you to uncover issues that automated tools might miss.
• WCAG Compliance: Testing with JAWS helps ensure your website complies with the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG), a global standard for digital accessibility.
• Improved User Experience: By identifying and fixing accessibility barriers, you create a more inclusive, user-friendly experience for all visitors.

How to Set Up JAWS

1. Download and Install JAWS: Visit the Freedom Scientific website to download JAWS. While it’s a paid tool, a 40-minute free demo mode is available for testing purposes.
2. System Requirements: Ensure your computer meets the system requirements. JAWS works on Windows but does not support macOS directly.
3. Set Up Your Environment: Use headphones to listen while testing so the screen reader’s output doesn’t interfere with other tasks.
4. Familiarize Yourself with the Settings: Spend time exploring the settings menu to adjust speech rate, verbosity, and other preferences.

Key JAWS Commands You Need to Know

Learning a few essential JAWS commands will make testing faster and more effective. Here are some basics to get you started:

• Navigating Headings: Press H to jump to the next heading and Shift + H to go to the previous heading.
• Lists: Press L to move to the next list and I to navigate to individual list items.
• Links: Use Tab to navigate through links or Insert + F7 to bring up a list of all links on the page.
• Forms: Press F to jump to the next form field and Shift + F to go to the previous one.
• Read the Page: Use Insert + Down Arrow to read the page continuously or Arrow Keys for manual reading.

Step-by-Step Guide to Testing Web Accessibility with JAWS

Start with the Homepage

Open your website’s homepage and let JAWS read through it. Check if the content flows logically and whether important elements, like headings and links, are announced correctly.

Test Navigation

Use the Tab key to navigate through links and interactive elements. Ensure focus indicators are visible and links are descriptive (e.g., “Learn More” should specify the action or page it leads to).

Evaluate Headings

Press Insert + F6 to bring up a list of headings. Verify that they are hierarchical and descriptive, making it easier for users to navigate.

Check Forms

Navigate through form fields using the F key. Test for proper labeling, keyboard navigation, and error message announcements.

Test Images and Alt Text

JAWS will read the alt text of images. Ensure images have descriptive alt text and that decorative images are marked appropriately (e.g., as null or empty).

Assess ARIA Roles and Landmarks

Use JAWS to test ARIA roles, landmarks, and live regions. Verify that these elements provide meaningful context to screen reader users.

Document Issues

As you test, document any barriers you encounter, such as missing alt text, unclear link descriptions, or inaccessible forms. Include the steps to replicate the issue and suggest solutions.

Tips for Effective JAWS Testing

• Pair with a Keyboard-Only Test: Ensure your website is fully navigable using only a keyboard, as this is crucial for screen reader users.
• Listen Critically: Pay attention to how JAWS announces content. Confusing or incomplete announcements signal a need for improvement.
• Focus on User Experience: Think about how easy it would be for a JAWS user to accomplish key tasks on your website, such as making a purchase or finding contact information.
• Test Multiple Pages: Don’t stop at the homepage. Test a variety of pages, including forms, product pages, and blogs.

Limitations of JAWS

While JAWS is an invaluable tool for accessibility testing, it has limitations:

• Cost: It is expensive, which may be a barrier for smaller teams or independent developers.
• Learning Curve: The abundance of commands and settings can be overwhelming for beginners.
• Not a Catch-All Solution: JAWS testing alone cannot guarantee accessibility compliance. It’s essential to pair it with other tools and techniques.

Why JAWS Should Be Paired with Other Tools

JAWS provides critical insights, but no single tool can capture all accessibility issues. Consider pairing it with:

• Automated Testing Tools: Tools like WAVE and Lighthouse can quickly identify common issues, such as missing alt text or low contrast.
• Other Screen Readers: Testing with multiple screen readers, such as NVDA or VoiceOver, ensures compatibility across platforms.
• Manual Testing: Involve users with disabilities in your testing process to gain authentic feedback.

Building a More Inclusive Web

Testing your website with JAWS is a powerful step toward creating an inclusive digital environment. By understanding how screen reader users interact with your content, you can uncover barriers and make meaningful improvements. Remember, accessibility is not just about compliance—it’s about creating a web that works for everyone.

While JAWS is a fantastic tool, it should be part of a broader accessibility strategy that includes other tools, user testing, and a commitment to following WCAG guidelines. With the actionable insights from this guide, you’re well on your way to improving your website’s accessibility and making a positive impact on all your users.

Let’s work together to make the web a more inclusive place!

Need help with accessibility testing? If you’re ready to take your accessibility efforts to the next level, 216digital can help. Our team specializes in comprehensive accessibility solutions that go beyond surface fixes. Schedule an ADA briefing with us today by using the contact form below. Let’s work together to make your website accessible to everyone.